LaRocque-de-Freitas, I.F.; da Silva-Junior, E.B.; Gemieski, L.P.; da Silva Dias Lima, B.; Diniz-Lima, I.; de Carvalho Vivarini, A.; Lopes, U.G.; Freire-de-Lima, L.; Morrot, A.; Previato, J.O.; Mendonça-Previato, L.; Pinto-da-Silva, L.H.; Freire-de-Lima, C.G.; Decote-Ricardo, D. Inhibition of Microbicidal Activity of Canine Macrophages DH82 Cell Line by Capsular Polysaccharides from Cryptococcus neoformans. J. Fungi2024, 10, 339.
LaRocque-de-Freitas, I.F.; da Silva-Junior, E.B.; Gemieski, L.P.; da Silva Dias Lima, B.; Diniz-Lima, I.; de Carvalho Vivarini, A.; Lopes, U.G.; Freire-de-Lima, L.; Morrot, A.; Previato, J.O.; Mendonça-Previato, L.; Pinto-da-Silva, L.H.; Freire-de-Lima, C.G.; Decote-Ricardo, D. Inhibition of Microbicidal Activity of Canine Macrophages DH82 Cell Line by Capsular Polysaccharides from Cryptococcus neoformans. J. Fungi 2024, 10, 339.
LaRocque-de-Freitas, I.F.; da Silva-Junior, E.B.; Gemieski, L.P.; da Silva Dias Lima, B.; Diniz-Lima, I.; de Carvalho Vivarini, A.; Lopes, U.G.; Freire-de-Lima, L.; Morrot, A.; Previato, J.O.; Mendonça-Previato, L.; Pinto-da-Silva, L.H.; Freire-de-Lima, C.G.; Decote-Ricardo, D. Inhibition of Microbicidal Activity of Canine Macrophages DH82 Cell Line by Capsular Polysaccharides from Cryptococcus neoformans. J. Fungi2024, 10, 339.
LaRocque-de-Freitas, I.F.; da Silva-Junior, E.B.; Gemieski, L.P.; da Silva Dias Lima, B.; Diniz-Lima, I.; de Carvalho Vivarini, A.; Lopes, U.G.; Freire-de-Lima, L.; Morrot, A.; Previato, J.O.; Mendonça-Previato, L.; Pinto-da-Silva, L.H.; Freire-de-Lima, C.G.; Decote-Ricardo, D. Inhibition of Microbicidal Activity of Canine Macrophages DH82 Cell Line by Capsular Polysaccharides from Cryptococcus neoformans. J. Fungi 2024, 10, 339.
Abstract
Cryptococcus neoformans is a fungus that mainly affects the respiratory system and the central nervous system. One of the main virulence factors is the capsule, constituted by the polysaccharides glucuronoxylomannan (GXM) and glucuronoxylomanogalactan (GXMGal). Polysaccharides are immunomodulators. One of the target cell populations for modulation are macrophages, part of the first line of defense, important for innate and adaptive immunity. It has been reported that macrophages can be modulated to act as a "Trojan horse" taking phagocytosed yeasts to strategic sites or having their machinery activation compromised. The scarcity of information on canine cryptococcosis led us to assess whether the purified capsular polysaccharides from C. neoformans would be able to modulate the microbicidal action of macrophages. In the present study, we observed that the capsular polysaccharides, GXM, GXMGal or capsule total did not present toxic effects for the DH82 macrophage cell line. However, it was possible to demonstrate that phagocytic activity was decreased after treatment with polysaccharides. In addition, yeasts recovered from macrophages treated with the polysaccharides, after phagocytosis, could be cultured, showing that their viability was not altered. The polysaccharides led to a reduction in ROS production and the expression of IL-12 and IL-6. We observed that GXMGal inhibits MHC class II expression and GXM reduces ERK phosphorylation. In contrast, GXMGal and GXM were able to increase the PPAR- expression. Furthermore, our data suggests that capsular polysaccharides can reduce the microbicidal activity of canine macrophages DH82.
Biology and Life Sciences, Immunology and Microbiology
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.