Novel Treatment Modalities of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: Opportunities and Challenges

Rasha Aziz Attia Salama; MohamedAnas MohamedFaruk Patni; Shadha Nasser Mohammed Ba-Hutair; Nihal Amir Wadid; Mushirabanu Sharifmiyan Akikwala

doi:10.20944/preprints202406.0058.v1

Preprint Review Version 1 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

Version 1 : Received: 3 June 2024 / Approved: 3 June 2024 / Online: 3 June 2024 (09:51:47 CEST)

Despite the effectiveness of insulin injections in managing hyperglycemia in Type 1 Diabetes, they fall short in addressing autoimmunity and regenerating damaged islets. This review aims to explore the potential of various treatment modalities for T1DM, including mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), MSC-derived exosomes, gene therapy, islet allotransplantation, and pancreatic islet cell transplantation. Results: MSCs demonstrate efficacy in T1DM treatment through immunomodulation and tissue regeneration, although further research is warranted to optimize their therapeutic potential. Gene therapy presents a promising approach despite challenges such as donor shortage and immune rejection. Pancreatic islet cell transplantation emerges as a viable option, albeit with associated risks including graft rejection and the need for immunosuppression. Teplizumab, an FDA-approved humanized monoclonal antibody, revolutionizes the treatment landscape of Type 1 Diabetes by significantly delaying its onset, offering a paradigm shift since the discovery of insulin Conclusion: Ongoing studies and technological advancements in T1DM management offer a promising outlook for improved treatments and possibly even eradication on a global scale. MSCs, MSC-derived exosomes, gene therapy, and pancreatic islet transplantation hold considerable potential.

type1 diabetes mellitus; mesenchymal stem cells; gene therapy; pancreatic islet cell transplantation; teplizumab

Medicine and Pharmacology, Medicine and Pharmacology

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Novel Treatment Modalities of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: Opportunities and Challenges

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