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Culture of Bovine Aortic Endothelial Cells in Galactose Media Enhances Mitochondrial Plasticity and Changes Redox Sensing Altering Nrf2 and FOXO3 Levels
Galant, L.S.; Doblado, L.; Radi, R.; de Bem, A.F.; Monsalve, M. Culture of Bovine Aortic Endothelial Cells in Galactose Media Enhances Mitochondrial Plasticity and Changes Redox Sensing, Altering Nrf2 and FOXO3 Levels. Antioxidants2024, 13, 873.
Galant, L.S.; Doblado, L.; Radi, R.; de Bem, A.F.; Monsalve, M. Culture of Bovine Aortic Endothelial Cells in Galactose Media Enhances Mitochondrial Plasticity and Changes Redox Sensing, Altering Nrf2 and FOXO3 Levels. Antioxidants 2024, 13, 873.
Galant, L.S.; Doblado, L.; Radi, R.; de Bem, A.F.; Monsalve, M. Culture of Bovine Aortic Endothelial Cells in Galactose Media Enhances Mitochondrial Plasticity and Changes Redox Sensing, Altering Nrf2 and FOXO3 Levels. Antioxidants2024, 13, 873.
Galant, L.S.; Doblado, L.; Radi, R.; de Bem, A.F.; Monsalve, M. Culture of Bovine Aortic Endothelial Cells in Galactose Media Enhances Mitochondrial Plasticity and Changes Redox Sensing, Altering Nrf2 and FOXO3 Levels. Antioxidants 2024, 13, 873.
Abstract
Understanding complex biological processes of cells in culture, particularly those related to metabolism, can be biased by culture conditions, since the choice of energy substrate impacts all main metabolic pathways. When glucose is replaced by galactose cells decrease their glycolytic flux, working as an in vitro model of limited nutrient availability. However, the effect of these changes on related physiological processes such as REDOX control is not well documented, particularly in endothelial cells where mitochondrial oxidation is considered to be low. We evaluated the differences in mitochondrial dynamics and function in endothelial cells exposed to galactose or glucose culture medium. We observed that cells maintained in galactose-containing medium show higher mitochondrial oxidative capacity, more fused mitochondrial network, and higher intercellular coupling. These factors are documented to impact the cellular response to oxidative stress. Therefore, we analyzed the levels of two main REDOX regulators and found that Bovine Aortic Endothelial Cells (BAEC) in galactose media had higher levels of FOXO3 and lower levels of Nrf2 than those with glucose in the media. Thus, culture of endothelial cells in galactose containing medium may provide a more suitable condition to study in vitro mitochondrial related processes than glucose media, and deeply influence REDOX signaling in these cells.
Biology and Life Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology
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