Epidemiology of Brucella Species Circulating in Small Holder Dairy Cattle in Tanzania

Isaac Joseph Mengele; James M. Akoko; Gabriel Shirima; Shedrack Festo Bwatota; Shabani Kiyabo Motto; Luis Enrique Hernandez-Castro; Daniel Mushumbusi Komwihangilo; Eliamoni Lyatuu; Barend Mark de Clare Bronsvoort; Elizabeth Anne Jessie Cook

doi:10.20944/preprints202406.1675.v1

Preprint Article Version 1 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

Version 1 : Received: 24 June 2024 / Approved: 24 June 2024 / Online: 25 June 2024 (10:07:18 CEST)

Brucellosis is a zoonoses caused by bacteria of the genus Brucella, which causes economic losses in livestock and threatens public health. A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence of Brucella species and risk factors in smallholder dairy cattle in six regions of Tanzania from July 2019 to October 2020. Dairy cattle (n=2048) were sampled from 1371 farms. DNA ex-tracted from blood and vaginal swabs was tested for Brucella using qPCR targeting the IS711 gene and positives were tested for the alkB marker for B. abortus and BMEI1172 marker for B. melitensis. The molecular prevalence was 3.5% (95% CI: 2.8-4.4) with the highest prevalence 8.1% (95%CI: 4.6-13.0) in Njombe region. B. melitensis was the predominant species detected (66.2%). Logistic regression revealed PCR positivity in dairy cattle was higher in the animals with a history of abortion (OR: 3.17, 95%CI: 1.05-9.62) and farms without dogs around (OR: 2.68, 95%CI: 1.12-5.90). Further studies are recommended to understand the source of B. melitensis and the implications to veterinary public health. Livestock keepers should be informed of the risks and biosecurity practices to reduce introduction and control Brucella. Cattle and small ruminant vaccination pro-grams could be implemented to control brucellosis in high-risk populations in the country.

dairy cattle; brucellosis; qPCR; molecular prevalence; risk factors; Brucella; Tanzania

Biology and Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science and Zoology

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Epidemiology of Brucella Species Circulating in Small Holder Dairy Cattle in Tanzania

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