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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.1585.v1

Recent Advances in Ocular Drug Delivery: Insights into Lyotropic Liquid Crystals

Samer Adwan, Madeiha Qasmieh, Faisal Al-Akayleh, Ahmed S.A. Ali Agha

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Ophthalmology Keywords: Ocular drug delivery; Lyotropic liquid crystals; Liquid crystal nanoparticles; Cubosomes; Bulk-forming; Machine learning; Biosensing applications

Online: 20 September 2024 (10:21:11 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.1458.v1

Effect of Exposure to Blue Light from Electronic Devices and the Mediterranean Diet on Macular Pigment

Marta-C. García-Romera, Víctor Ponce-García, Úrsula Torres-Parejo, Alfredo López-Muñoz

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Ophthalmology Keywords: macular pigment optical density; blue light exposured; exposure to LEDs; Mediterranean diet; Catorenoids

Online: 19 September 2024 (11:25:15 CEST)

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Preprint CASE REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.1177.v1

Sudden Blurring of Vision and Micropsia Following Acute Hot Pepper Consumption: A Case Report and Hypothesis

Reza Rastmanesh, Gülçin Sağdıçoğlu Celep, Francesco Marotta, Cristiana Aperio, Fang He

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Ophthalmology Keywords: Capsaicin; Red Chili; Retinal hemorrhage; Optometry; Micropsia

Online: 16 September 2024 (12:30:55 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.0814.v1

Real World Analysis of Two Handheld Retinograph, Evaluation by Ophthalmologist and an Artificial Intelligence Algorithm

Pedro Romero‐Aroca, Benilda Fontova‐Poveda, Eugeni Garcia‐Curto, Aida Valls, Julian Cristiano, Monica Llagostera‐Serra, Cristian Morente‐Lorenzo, Isabel Mendez‐Marín, Marc Baget‐Bernaldiz

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Ophthalmology Keywords: artificial intelligence; diabetic retinopathy; handheld retinal camera; public health; screening; smartphones; telemedicine; image quality

Online: 10 September 2024 (13:42:42 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.0542.v1

Evaluation of a Portable Handheld Heterochromatic Flicker Photometer in Measuring Macular Pigment Optical Density

Pinakin Gunvant Davey, Richard B Rosen, Joshua Park, Frank Spors, Dennis L Gierhart

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Ophthalmology Keywords: macular pigment optical density; heterochromatic flicker photometry; carotenoids; lutein; zeaxanthin; meso-zeaxanthin; macular degeneration

Online: 6 September 2024 (13:16:38 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.0497.v1

Combined Epiretinal Proliferation and Internal Limiting Membrane Inverted Flap for the Treatment of Large Macular Holes

Nikolaos Dervenis, Iordanis Vagiakis, Elena P Papadopoulou, Panagiotis Dervenis, Maria Teresa Sandinha

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Ophthalmology Keywords: Epiretinal proliferation; macular hole; macular surgery; pars plana vitrectomy

Online: 6 September 2024 (09:36:30 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.2276.v1

Corneal Epithelial Wavefront Error as a Novel Objective Biomarker Diagnostic Marker for Epithelial Basement Membrane Dystrophy

Vitus Grauvogl, Wolfgang J. Mayer, Jakob Siedlecki, Niklas Mohr, Martin Dirisamer, Siegfried Georg Priglinger, Stefan Kassumeh, Nikolaus Luft

Subject: Ophthalmology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: Cornea; Dystrophy; Treatment Lasers; Ocular surface

Online: 30 August 2024 (19:20:56 CEST)

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Synopsis Corneal epithelial wavefront error and epithelial thickness variance qualify as highly sensitive and specific biomarkers for epithelial basement membrane dystrophy (EBMD). The biomarkers show a normalization after treatment of EBMD with phototherapeutic keratectomy. Purpose: To gauge the diagnostic value of a novel spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) based imaging modality for simultaneous morphological (thickness profile) and refractive (optical wavefront) assessment of the corneal epithelial layer in one of the most common but often underdiagnosed corneal dystrophies: epithelial basement membrane dystrophy (EBMD). Methods: In this prospective observational study, a total of 32 eyes of 32 patients diagnosed with EBMD and 32 eyes of 32 healthy control subjects were examined with high-resolution anterior segment SD-OCT (MS-39; CSO, Florence, Italy). Various epithelial thickness and epithelial wavefront derived terms were compared between groups and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were computed to analyze the diagnostic capacity of the respective parameters. A total of 17 of 32 EBMD patients underwent treatment with phototherapeutic keratectomy (PTK) and were followed up for 3 months. Results: Epithelial thickness variance (60.4 ± 56.7 µm versus 7.6 ± 6.1 µm) and interquartile range (11.0±6.9 versus 3.3±1.9 µm) were markedly elevated in EBMD patients as compared with healthy controls (both with p < 0.001). Epithelial wavefront analysis showed a highly statistically significant excess in all examined aberration terms in EBMD patients (all with p < 0.001). Significantly greater areas under the curve (AUC) were yielded by the epithelial wavefront derived parameters (e.g. total epithelial wavefront error: AUC = 0.966; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.932 – 1) than by the epithelial thickness-derived parameters (e.g., variance: AUC = 0.919; 95% CI 0.848 – 0.990). Conclusion: Corneal epithelial wavefront aberrometry proved valuable as an objective biomarker for EBMD with high sensitivity and specificity. PTK resulted in a reduction of morphological and refractive epithelial irregularities in EBMD.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.2133.v1

A Case for the Optimization of Ophthalmic Care by Leveraging 3-D Printing: A Review

Mina Mina, Ajay Kumar Goel, Fady Mina, Doris Goubran, Nand Goel

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Ophthalmology Keywords: 3D printing; corneal bioengineering; tissue engineering; barriers to eye care; bioinks; ocular prostheses; drug delivery systems

Online: 29 August 2024 (12:14:49 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.1945.v1

Crosslinked All-Femtosecond laser-cut Corneal Allogenic Intracorneal Ring Segments (AFXL CAIRS): Pilot Ex-Vivo and In-Vivo Study in Italy

Cosimo Mazzotta, Marco Zagari, Giulia Bona, Diego Ponzin, Shady T Awwad, Soosan Jacob

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Ophthalmology Keywords: crosslinked CAIRS; crosslinked allfemto CAIRS; keratoconus; asymmetric CAIRS; AFXL CAIRS; corneal allogenic intrastromal rings; crosslinked allogenic intrastromal corneal rings; crosslinked ICRS

Online: 27 August 2024 (17:09:39 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.1744.v1

Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography: A Review of Applications for the Cornea and Ocular Surface

Brian Juin Hsien Lee, Kai Yuan Tey, Ezekiel Ze Ken Cheong, Qiu Ying Wong, Si Qi Chua, Marcus Ang

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Ophthalmology Keywords: Anterior Segment; Cornea; Ocular Surface; Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography

Online: 26 August 2024 (11:08:09 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.0963.v1

Effectiveness of Defocus Incorporated Multiple Segments in Slowing Myopia Progression in Pediatric Patients as a Function of the Age. Three Years Follow Up

Luca Buzzonetti, Sergio Petroni, Matteo Federici, Paola Valente, Giancarlo Iarossi

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Ophthalmology Keywords: pediatric ophthalmology; myopia; defocus incorporated multiple segments lens

Online: 13 August 2024 (17:01:26 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.0351.v1

Bioactive Glial-Derived Neurotrophic Factor From a Safe Injectable Collagen-Alginate Composite Gel Rescues Retinal Photoreceptors From Retinal Degeneration in Rabbits

Tingyu Hu, Ting Zhou, Rajesh Kumar Goit, Ka Cheung Tam, Yau Kei Chan, Wai-Ching Lam, Amy Cheuk Yin Lo

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Ophthalmology Keywords: Composite hydrogel; encapsulated cell therapy; neuroprotection; sustained drug delivery; retina

Online: 6 August 2024 (12:41:08 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.0147.v1

Retinal Hemoperfusion and Vascular Endothelial Function after Pancreatic Transplantation

Evgeniy Bulava, Irina V. Vorobyeva, Ilya V. Dmitriev, Aslan G. Balkarov

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Ophthalmology Keywords: type 1 diabetes mellitus; diabetic retinopathy; simultaneous pancreas and kidney transplantation; retinal hemoperfusion; optical coherence tomography angiography; vascular endothelial growth factor

Online: 3 August 2024 (16:06:22 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202407.2369.v1

Historical and Contemporary Debates in Canal Opening Surgeries

Etsuo Chihara, Teruhiko Hamanaka

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Ophthalmology Keywords: MIGS (minimally invasive glaucoma surgery); Schlemm’ s canal opening surgery; Trabeculotomy; Trabeculectomy; Canaloplasty; Kahook dual blade; Trabectome; Tanito micro-hook; surgical success; history

Online: 30 July 2024 (07:26:44 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202407.2296.v1

The Relationship between COVID-19 and Retinal Vascular Occlusive Diseases: A Systemic Review

Tetsuya Muto, Shigeki Machida, Shinichiro Imaizumi, Koju Kamoi

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Ophthalmology Keywords: branch retinal artery occlusion; branch retinal vein occlusion; central retinal artery occlusion; central retinal vein occlusion; COVID-19; retinal vascular occlusive disease

Online: 29 July 2024 (11:30:37 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202407.1485.v1

Examination of Vitreolenticular Interface in Relation to Different Parameters of Phacoemulsification in the Early and Late Postoperative Period

Ágnes Elekes, Péter Vámosi

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Ophthalmology Keywords: phacoemulsification; anterior segment optical coherence tomography; anterior vitreous detachment

Online: 18 July 2024 (10:19:06 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202407.1268.v1

Personalized Management of Patients With Proliferative Diabetic Vitreo-Retinopathy

Dorottya Szabo, Monika Ecsedy, Zsuzsa Szilagyi, Zoltan Zsolt Nagy, Zsuzsanna Recsan

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Ophthalmology Keywords: proliferative diabetic retinopathy; pars plana vitrectomy; HbA1c; visual acuity; &field1=keywords">tractional macular detachment

Online: 16 July 2024 (04:25:15 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202407.1159.v1

Progressive Keratoconus Treatment with Transepithelial 2-Step Phototherapeutic Keratectomy Combined with Corneal Cross-Linking (CXL): Clinical Outcomes and Postoperative Management including Potential Complications, of the Modified Athens Protocol De

Anastasios John Kanellopoulos, Alexander J. Kanellopoulos

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Ophthalmology Keywords: Ectasia; keratoconus; cornea crosslinking; excimer ablation; PRK; Athens Protocol

Online: 15 July 2024 (11:34:58 CEST)

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Purpose: To report a novel application of excimer ablation for normalization of central corneal refractive irregularity, combined with higher fluence CXL in the effective management and visual rehabilitation of progressive keratoconus. Methods: 17 cases with progressive keratoconus were treated with a corneal surface excimer laser ablation normalization using the topographyguided (Contura) myopic ablation for customized corneal re-shaping using a 6mm optical zone. The epithelial removal was accounted for by adding a -2.75 diopters correction in the topographyguided normalizing surface ablation followed by, a second, wavefront-optimized hyperopic excimer treatment of + 2.75 diopters at 6mm optical zone. The 2 sequential excimer ablations were followed by the corneal crosslinking (CXL). Visual acuity, refraction, and keratoconus documentation via keratometry, topography, and pachymetry, as well as endothelial cell density were evaluated over 36 months. Results: Keratoconus stabilized in all cases. The severity of keratoconus stage by Amsler-Krumeich criteria improved for the OD from an average 2.2 to 1. Mean UDVA showed marked improvement at one-year follow-up all values in decimal: from 0.21±0.18 pre-operative to 0.51±0.25 at 12 months, with small additional improvement through the 3 years to 0.51±0.16. CDVA respectively increased from 0.55±0.11 to 0.77±0.14 at 1 year, and to 0.79±0.16 at 3 years. Mean minimal corneal thickness decreased significantly from 466.74±34.25 µm to 396.17±45.17 µm (P<.01) as recorded the first year postoperatively and then slightly increased to 405.17±32.21 µm at the 3-year follow-up. Conclusions: We introduce herein initial clinical data with the use of novel, off-label therapeutic excimer laser surface ablation application: Designed to perform both epithelial removal and anterior corneal stroma reshaping, to be combined with CXL, in order to apply the Athens Protocol CXL with US excimer laser approved specifications.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202407.0847.v1

Wide-Field Optical Coherence Tomography in Patients with Diabetic Macular Edema

Krzysztof Kiciński, Maciej Gawęcki

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Ophthalmology Keywords: ultra-wide-field optical coherence tomography; choroidal thickness; retinal thickness; diabetic macular edema; diabetes

Online: 10 July 2024 (23:51:58 CEST)

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Background: The goal of the study was to analyze variations in central, perifoveal, and peripheral retinal thickness (RT) and choroidal thickness (CT) in patients with diabetic macular edema (DME) measured with ultra-wide-field optical coherence tomography (UWF-OCT). Additionally, correlations between RT and CT in the central, perifoveal, and peripheral sectors and the presence of selected systemic factors were evaluated. Methods: A total of 74 consecutive adult diabetic patients with DME and 75 healthy controls were included. Study participants were divided into three groups: DME patients without panretinal photocoagulation (PRP; 84 eyes), DME patients after PRP (56 eyes), and healthy controls (125 eyes). RT and CT were analyzed in three zones: a central circle of 3 mm diameter (Central), a ring contained between a centered 9 mm circle and the central 3 mm circle (Perifoveal), and a second, more peripheral ring between centered 18 mm and 9 mm circles (Peripheral). Additionally, DME subgroups were analyzed according to the correlation of RT and CT with age, axial length, best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), diabetes duration, insulin therapy duration, body mass index (BMI), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) values, intravitreal injection (IVI) count, and the advancement of retinopathy assessed by the simplified diabetic retinopathy severity scale (DRSS). Results The increase in RT in the far peripheral sectors in DME patients was not significant. The increase in central and perifoveal RT and CT in PRP-naïve DME patients was strongly associated with poorer BCVA. Patients with DME after PRP presented with BCVA improvements significantly related to the number of IVIs. The amount of DME and RT in peripheral sectors were both independent of systemic factors such as BMI, duration of diabetes, duration of insulin intake, retinopathy severity, and HbA1c levels. Conclusion Peripheral retinal sectors in DME patients are less affected in terms of increase in their thickness compared to central ones. UWF-OCT provides valuable information on retinal and choroidal involvement in diabetic retinopathy complicated by DME.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202407.0594.v1

Melatonin Receptor Expression in Primary Uveal Melanoma

Anna Hagström, Ruba Kal Omar, Hans Witzenhausen, Oran Abdiu, Gustav Stålhammar

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Ophthalmology Keywords: Adjuvant treatment; Immunohistochemistry; Melatonin; Metastasis; Prognostic factors; Receptor Expression; Uveal melanoma

Online: 8 July 2024 (09:04:43 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202406.1980.v1

Clinical Impact of the Use of Ologen in Filtering Surgery

José-Manuel Navero-Rodríguez MD, Júlia Boldú-Roig MD, Laura-María Pinilla-Cortés MD, María Vidal-Martí MD, Alfonso Antón MD PhD

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Ophthalmology Keywords: Ologen; Collagen matrix implant; Filtering surgery

Online: 1 July 2024 (08:43:03 CEST)

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Purpose: To compare the efficacy and safety of trabeculectomy with a collagen matrix implant (Ologen®) versus trabeculectomy with mitomycin C (MMC) versus trabeculectomy with both Ologen® and MMC (OLO+MMC). Methods: This non-randomized study included 119 eyes of 101 patients with uncontrolled open-angle glaucoma who underwent trabeculectomy, either alone or combined with phacoemulsification. Data were initially registered following a standard surgical protocol and using an electronic database with structured fields. Patients were divided into three groups: 44 received trabeculectomy with adjunctive MMC (MMC group), 34 with Ologen® (OLO group), and 41 with both Ologen® and MMC (OLO+MMC group). The main outcome measures were the change in intraocular pressure (IOP), change in number of medications needed, complete success rate (defined as IOP≤20 mmHg and at least 20% IOP reduction without hypotensive medications), rate of complications, and rate of postoperative interventions. The follow-up period was 36 months.  Results: IOP significantly decreased (p=0,01) in all groups across all study visits, decreasing from 19.8 ± 4.6 mmHg to 12.7 ± 4.2 mmHg in the MMC group, from 20.5 ± 4.7 mmHg to 13.9 ± 3.5 mmHg in the OLO group, and from 23.5 ± 6.1 mmHg to 13.1 ± 3.5 mmHg in the OLO+MMC group. After correcting for baseline IOP, only the first two postoperative visits (first week and first month) showed significantly greater IOP reduction in the OLO+MMC group. The number of hypotensive medications was significantly reduced from 3.1±0.6 to 0.56±1.1 in the MMC group, from 2.9±0.4 to 0.83±1.1 in the OLO group, and from 3.0±0.6 to 0.45±0.95 in OLO + MMC group, with no statistically significant differences among the groups (p=0,57). Complete success rates were 63,6% in the MMC group, 67,6% in the OLO group, and 80,5% in the OLO +MMC group, with no statistically significant differences among the groups (p=0,21). Suture release was significantly more frequent in the MMC group (86,1%) than in the OLO group (62,1%) and in the OLO + MMC group (45,9%; p=0,02). Bleb needling, with (33.3%; p=0.005) or without (66.7%; p=0.0001) 5-Fluorouracil injection (5-FU), was significantly more common in the MMC group. The highest complete-success rate (61%) was offered by the OLO+MMC group. Conclusion: The use of Ologen® and Mitomycin C provided similar surgical IOP reduction in glaucoma surgery compared with MMC or Ologen® either alone but significantly reduced the need for postoperative interventions.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202406.2071.v1

Association between ADIPOQ Gene Polymorphisms and Diabetic Retinopathy Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Konstantinos Flindris, Georgios Markozannes, Marilita Moschos, Maria Gazouli, Aikaterini Christodoulou, Konstantinos Tsilidis, George Kitsos

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Ophthalmology Keywords: Diabetic retinopathy; Adiponectin gene; ADIPOQ gene; rs2241766; rs1501299

Online: 29 June 2024 (00:20:28 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202406.1740.v1

Surgical Outcomes of Modified Intraocular Lens Suturing With Forceps-Assisted Haptics Extraction: A Clinical and Basic Evaluation

Yasuyuki Sotani, Hisanori Imai, Maya Kishi, Hiroko Yamada, Wataru Matsumiya, Akiko Miki, Sentaro Kusuhara, Makoto Nakamura

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Ophthalmology Keywords: modified intraocular lens suturing; forceps-assisted; haptics extraction; surgical outcomes

Online: 26 June 2024 (05:08:19 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202406.1712.v1

Short-term Comparison of Switch to Brolucizumab or Faricimab in Eyes with Aflibercept-Resistant Neovascular AMD

Akiko Kin, Takahiro Mizukami, Satoru Ueno, Soichiro Mishima, Yoshikazu Shimomura

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Ophthalmology Keywords: age-related macular degeneration; brolucizumab; faricimab; aflibercept; intravitreal injection; switching; vascular endothelial growth factor

Online: 25 June 2024 (16:36:44 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202406.1480.v1

Arduino-Powered Device for the Study of Talbot-Plateau law: White Perception Beyond the Visual Trichromatic Critical Flicker Fusion Frequency

Francisco J. Ávila

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Ophthalmology Keywords: Arduino; Talbot-Plateau law; Critical Flicker Frequency Fusion; Temporal Vision; High-order Aberrations.

Online: 21 June 2024 (10:09:32 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202406.1059.v1

Randomized and Controlled Studies on Atropine Efficacy for Preventing Myopia Progression from 2017 to 2023

Martina Zapata, Valentina decaso Ward, Juan E Gallo

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Ophthalmology Keywords: myopia; atropine; myopia sequelae; myopia health problem; myopic children

Online: 17 June 2024 (08:44:45 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202406.1063.v1

Novel OCT-Based Method to Measure Volumes of Retinal Specific Entities

Myrta Lippera, Mariantonia Ferrara, Karina Spiess, Nouf Alnafisee, Naseer Ally, Assad Jalil, Tsveta Ivanova, George Moussa

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Ophthalmology Keywords: retinal volume; Spectralis (Engineering GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany); optical coherence tomography (OCT); volumetric analysis; retina

Online: 17 June 2024 (08:44:25 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202406.0883.v1

Optical Coherence Tomography in Infectious Keratitis after Femtosecond Keratorefractive Surgery

Antonio Leccisotti, Stefania Valeria Fields, Giuseppe De Bartolo, Christian Crudale, Matteo Posarelli

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Ophthalmology Keywords: optical coherence tomography; laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK); keratorefractive lenticule extraction (KLEx); infectious keratitis

Online: 13 June 2024 (11:51:45 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202406.0185.v1

Structural Outcomes of Corneal Cross-Linking for Keratoconus

Yauhen Statsenko, Darya Smetanina, Roman Voitetskii, Gillian Lylian Simiyu, Mikalai Pazniak, Elena Likhorad, Aleh Pazniak, Pavel Beliakouski, Dmitriy Abelskyi, Klaus N.-V. Gorkom, Milos Ljubisavljevic

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Ophthalmology Keywords: keratoconus; corneal collagen cross-linking; CXL outcomes; machine learning models; predictive models; keratometry readings; corneal thickness; corneal thinning; individualized approach; precision medicine

Online: 5 June 2024 (05:54:59 CEST)

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Preprint CASE REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202405.2043.v1

Terson Syndrome with Roth Spot Resembling Features and Third Nerve Palsy without Radiologically Diagnosed Subarachnoid Haemorrhage

Olga E. Makri, Iasonas K. Tsekouras, Stylianos N. Mastronikolis, Vasileios E. Panagiotopoulos, Constantine Constantoyannis, Constantinos D. Georgakopoulos

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Ophthalmology Keywords: Terson’ s syndrome; Roth’ s spots; third nerve palsy; posterior communicating artery aneurysm

Online: 30 May 2024 (13:33:48 CEST)

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Preprint BRIEF REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202405.1901.v1

Retinal Dystrophies Associated with Mutations in the RP1 Gene. Genotype-Phenotype Correlations.

Vito Spagnuolo, Marco Piergentili, Ilaria Passerini, Vittoria Murro, Dario Pasquale Mucciolo, Dario Giorgio, Martina Maccari, Elisabetta Pelo, Ilaria Biagini, Fabrizio Giansanti, Gianni Virgili, Andrea Sodi

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Ophthalmology Keywords: RP1 gene; Inherited Retinal Dystrophies; Genotype; Phenotype; Retinitis Pigmentosa

Online: 29 May 2024 (09:16:02 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202405.1886.v1

The Efficacy and Safety Associated with Switching from Brimonidine and Ripasudil, or Brimonidine or Ripasudil to a Fixed Combination of Brimonidine and Ripasudil in Glaucoma Patients

Hiromitsu Onoe, Kazuyuki Hirooka, Tetsuya Baba, Mikio Nagayama, Atsushi Hirota, Katsuyoshi Suzuki, Takeshi Sagara, Hideki Mochizuki, Yoshiaki Kiuchi

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Ophthalmology Keywords: glaucoma; brimonidine; ripasudil

Online: 28 May 2024 (16:59:40 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202405.1573.v1

OBJECTIVE: Assessment of the Influence of Myopia, at the Level of the Retina and Optic Nerve in Patients Diagnosed with Open Angle Glaucoma

Rocio Guzman Moscoso, Antonio Moreno Guerrero, Francisco Martos Crespo

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Ophthalmology Keywords: Optic nerve; retinal nerve fiber layer; OCT; ganglion cells; annulus area; glaucoma; myopia; premium glaucoma.

Online: 23 May 2024 (16:56:25 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202405.1167.v1

Advancements in Bioengineering for Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty (DMEK)

Sarah Barbara Zwingelberg, Gizem Karabiyik, Paul Gehle, Melanie von Brandenstein, Sabina Eibichova, Christian Lotz, Florian Groeber-Becker, Daniel Kampik, Ula Jurkunas, Gregor Lang

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Ophthalmology Keywords: Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty (DMEK); biofabrication; tissue engineering; corneal endothelium; regenerative medicine; Fuchs Endothelial Corneal Dystrophy; corneal endothelial cells; Descemet's membrane

Online: 17 May 2024 (15:29:49 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202405.0834.v1

Smartphone-Based Fundus Camera and Telemedicine: A Study in the Brazilian Amazon Forest

Josmar Sabage, Luis Expedito Sabage, João Vitor Mota Lanzarin, Leonardo Resende de Sousa, Isabela Ussifati Negrine, Carolina Poltronieri Chiaroni, Ana Claudia Ferreira de Almeida, Alessandra Mazzo, Ênio Luís Damaso, Luiz Fernando Manzoni Lourençone

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Ophthalmology Keywords: ophthalmology; telemedicine; health disparity; minority and vulnerable populations; diagnosis

Online: 13 May 2024 (10:27:51 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202405.0434.v1

Choroidal and Retinal Thicknesses in Healthy Eyes Measured with Ultra-Wide Field Optical Coherence Tomography

Krzysztof Kiciński, Maciej Gawęcki

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Ophthalmology Keywords: ultra-wide field optical coherence tomography; choroidal thickness; retinal thickness; axial length

Online: 8 May 2024 (15:15:10 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202405.0460.v1

Macular Ischemia Changes in Patients with Diabetic Macular Edema Treated with Aflibercept and Ranibizumab

Dimitrios Maris, Anna Dastiridou, Maria Kotoula, Aikaterini Karathanou, Evangelia E. Tsironi, Alexandra Bargiota, Sofia Androudi

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Ophthalmology Keywords: diabetic macular edema; ranibizumab; aflibercept; ischemia; fovea avascular zone; OCT angiography

Online: 8 May 2024 (10:35:00 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202405.0278.v1

Intralesional Vessel Diameter Measured by Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Could Improve the Differential Diagnosis of Small Melanocytic Choroidal Lesions

Laura Vigués-Jorba, Daniel Lorenzo, Cristina Pujadas, Rahul Morwani, Liria Yamamoto-Rodriguez, Maria Baradad-Jurjo, Lluis Arias, Estefanía Cobos, Pere Garcia-Bru, Juan-Francisco Santamaría, Olga Garcia Garcia, Josep Maria Caminal

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Ophthalmology Keywords: choroidal melanoma; choroidal nevus; optical coherence tomography angiography; OCTA

Online: 6 May 2024 (09:35:17 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202405.0253.v1

Next-Generation Sequencing of the Human Aqueous Humor Microbiome

Günther Schlunck, Philip Maier, Barbara Maier, Wolfgang Maier, Sebastian Strempel, Thomas Reinhard, Sonja Heinzelmann

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Ophthalmology Keywords: microbiome; eye; anterior chamber fluid; next generation sequencing

Online: 6 May 2024 (07:42:56 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202405.0159.v1

The TGFβ Induced MicroRNAome of the Trabecular Meshwork

Chelsey Doyle, Breedge Callaghan, Anton W Roodnat, Lee Armstrong, Karen Lester, David A Simpson, Sarah D. Atkinson, Carl Sheridan, Declan J McKenna, Colin E Willoughby

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Ophthalmology Keywords: glaucoma; primary open-angle glaucoma; POAG; trabecular meshwork; intra-ocular pressure; pseudoexfoliation glaucoma; microRNA; miRNA; transforming growth factor beta; TGFβ ; fibrosis; epigenetics; gene therapy; therapeutics

Online: 3 May 2024 (11:22:57 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.2020.v1

Exorbital Lacrimal Gland Ablation and Regrafting Induce Local, Corneal and Trigeminal Ganglion Inflammation but Not Regeneration or Dry Eye

Adriana de Andrade Batista Murashima, Ariane M. S. Sant'Anna, Jacqueline Ferreira Faustino-Barros, Elisio B. Machado Filho, Lilian Costa Mendes da Silva, Marina Zilio Fantucci, Carolina Maria Módulo, Fernando Chahud, Denny Marcos Garcia, Eduardo M. Rocha

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Ophthalmology Keywords: inflammation; lacrimal functional unit; regeneration

Online: 1 May 2024 (02:58:41 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1957.v1

Mild Phenotypes of Gyrate Atrophy in a Carrier with One Variant Allele of OAT

Yuqiao Ju, Xiao Li, Fengjuan Gao, Qing Chang, Yuan Zong, Xin Huang

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Ophthalmology Keywords: gyrate atrophy of the choroid and retina (GACR); OAT gene; carrier; allele; autosomal recessive

Online: 30 April 2024 (07:28:31 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1936.v1

Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential of Gabapentin with a Focus on Topical Formulations to Treat Ocular Surface Diseases

Dario Rusciano

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Ophthalmology Keywords: gabapentin; GABA; dry eye; neuropathic pain; eye drops

Online: 29 April 2024 (16:57:01 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1932.v1

The Effectiveness of Pattern Scanning Laser Trabeculoplasty as an Additional Treatment for the Patients of Open-Angle Glaucoma Receiving Full Ocular Hypotensive Medications.

Yosuke Ueno, Yusuke Haruna, Mami Tomita, Atsushi Sakai, Shogo Ogawa, Shigeru Honda

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Ophthalmology Keywords: glaucoma; pattern scanning laser trabeculoplasty; full ocular hypotensive medications

Online: 29 April 2024 (15:25:14 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1731.v1

The Correlation Between Central Corneal Thickness and Intraocular Pressure Among Syrians: A Cross Sectional Study

Omar Al Emam, Dana Al Junaidi, Yousra Haddeh

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Ophthalmology Keywords: intraocular pressure; central corneal thickness

Online: 28 April 2024 (07:42:46 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1565.v1

Circulating Anti-endothelial Cell Antibodies in Patients with Geographic Atrophy Related to Dry Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Katarzyna Żuber-Łaskawiec, Joanna Wilańska, Izabella Karska-Basta, Weronika Pociej-Marciak, Bożena Romanowska-Dixon, Marek Sanak, Agnieszka Kubicka-Trząska

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Ophthalmology Keywords: anti-retinal antibodies; anti-endothelial cell antibodies; age-related macular degeneration; geographic atrophy; indirect immunofluorescence

Online: 24 April 2024 (08:57:21 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0388.v1

Prophylactic Pattern Scanning Laser Retinal Photocoagulation for Diabetic Retinopathy in Spontaneously Diabetic Torii Fatty Rats: Preliminary Experimental Results

Rina Takagi, Yoshiaki Tanaka, Tetsuya Hasegawa, Masami Shinohara, Yasushi Kageyama, Tomohiko Sasase, Machiko Shimmura-Tomita, Akihiro Kakehashi, Toshikatsu Kaburaki

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Ophthalmology Keywords: diabetes; pattern scanning laser; diabetic retinopathy; Spontaneously Diabetic Torii fatty rats; electroretinography

Online: 4 April 2024 (15:46:11 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0204.v1

Associations between Corneal Nerve Structure and Function in a Veteran Population

Mohammad Ayoubi, Kimberly Cabrera, Elyana VT Locatelli, Elizabeth R Felix, Anat Galor

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Ophthalmology Keywords: dry eye disease; corneal nerves; in vivo confocal microscopy; tear production; ocular symptoms

Online: 2 April 2024 (13:16:45 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0085.v1

Effect of High Sucrose Diet on the Occurrence and Progression of Diabetic Retinopathy and Dietary Modification Strategies

Chen Yang, Yifei Yu, Jianhong An

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Ophthalmology Keywords: high-sucrose diet; diabetic retinopathy; hyperglycaemia; dietary modification strategies

Online: 1 April 2024 (14:41:38 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.1705.v1

Creation of the Corneal Flap for Laser In Situ Keratomileusis with a 3-Dimension Femtosecond Laser Cut: Clinical and Optical Coherence Tomography Features

Antonio Leccisotti, Stefania Valerie Fields, Giuseppe De Bartolo, Christian Crudale, Matteo Posarelli

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Ophthalmology Keywords: femtosecond laser; optical coherence tomography; laser in situ keratomileusis

Online: 28 March 2024 (09:45:23 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.1584.v1

Panmacular Micropulse Laser Treatment of Central Serous Chorioretinopathy: Two-Year Follow-Up of Morphological and Functional Parameters

Małgorzata Latalska, Sławomir Dresler, Robert Rejdak

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Ophthalmology Keywords: panmacular micropulse laser treatment; central serous chorioretinopathy; choroidal thickness; pachyvessel; microperimetry; vessel density

Online: 26 March 2024 (14:17:01 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.1291.v1

Amplitude of Accommodation in young Greek adults, 18 - 28 years old

Pateras S Evangelos, Andronikos Chrysanthopoulos

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Ophthalmology Keywords: Amplitude of accommodation; accommodation insufficiency

Online: 22 March 2024 (07:48:03 CET)

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Introduction: Accommodation is the ability of the eye to change its refractive power (by altering the curvature of the crystalline lens) with the aim of focusing on different distances. In modern times, close working distances require good accommodation to ensure quality work without vision problems. However, dysfunction in accommodation is not uncommon. Specifically, accommodation insufficiency is the most common dysfunction associated with accommodation that can be observed at any age. Accommodation insufficiency is characterized by the eye's inability to reach its maximum potential for accommodation (amplitude of accommodation) based on age, with many individuals experiencing deviations equal to or greater than 2 diopters (2D) from the theoretically normal range. Finally, measuring the amplitude of accommodation and near vision tests should be established in routine eye examinations, as life now involves a variety of different distances. Objective: To record the rates of accommodative insufficiency in young Caucasian adults. Methods: The method used was minus to blur, and the comparison charts were based on Donder's and Hofstetter's values. Depending on the result, they were categorized as "normal," which refers to deviations from zero to 1 diopter (1D) (due to the fact that minus lenses underestimate or are quite strict regarding the range of accommodation compared to other methods in free space (e.g., push-up); "borderline," which refers to deviations from 1.25D to 1.75D or 2D with at least one eye deviating by less than 1.75D; and "accommodation insufficiency," which refers to deviations greater than 2D from the expected values, as proposed in other studies. Results: The results show a significant percentage of accommodation insufficiency in these age groups, with the percentage exceeding 50%. Additionally, men had significantly lower rates of normal accommodation amplitude compared to women. Further research is needed to study the role of refractive errors in accommodation problems. Conclusions: In a broader context, accommodation insufficiency appears to be a significant issue in young age groups, and additional studies should be conducted to analyze the problem in depth and determine its prevalence. Furthermore, a universal system for measuring the range of accommodation should be established to obtain safer results. Additionally, it would be interesting to observe the role and contribution of the ciliary muscle in the accommodation process in young adults, as theoretically, the crystalline lens is almost transparent, the issue with adaptation primarily concerns the majority's inability of the ciliary muscle to function effectively.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0602.v1

Transforming Glaucoma Care with Artificial Intelligence: A Comprehensive Review of Diagnosis, Monitoring, and Treatment Algorithms

Amanda Amberg, Alejandro Espaillat

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Ophthalmology Keywords: glaucoma; artificial intelligence; diagnosis; monitoring; treatment algorithms

Online: 11 March 2024 (21:37:41 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0427.v1

Development and Evaluation of a New Self-Administered Near Visual Acuity Chart: Accuracy and Feasibility of Usage

Hadas Ben-Eli, Eyal Banin, Jaime Levy, Miryam Glik, Sarah Afriat, Yasmin Magal, Rivka Harari, Aviya Benyamin, Shira Shein, Itay Chowers

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Ophthalmology Keywords: Visual acuity; near chart; self-assessment; development; validation

Online: 8 March 2024 (03:44:23 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0327.v1

The Therapeutic Trip of Melatonin Eye Drops: From the Ocular Surface to the Retina

Dario Rusciano, Cristina Russo

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Ophthalmology Keywords: melatonin; drug delivery; eye diseases

Online: 6 March 2024 (10:55:34 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0159.v1

Automating Laser Vision Correction

Diego de Ortueta

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Ophthalmology Keywords: automated; transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy; TransPRK; photorefractive keratectomy; aberration free; refraction; AMARIS; Peramis; MS-39; OCT.

Online: 4 March 2024 (12:19:05 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0050.v1

Title Referable Diabetic Retinopathy Prediction Algorithm Applied to a Population of 120389 Type 2 Diabetics over 11 Years Follow-Up.

Pedro ROMERO-AROCA, Raquel Verges, Jordi Pascual-Fontanilles, Aida Valls, Josep Franch-Nadal, Xavier Mundet, Antonio Moreno, Josep Basora, Eugeni Garcia-Curto, Marc Baget-Bernaldiz

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Ophthalmology Keywords: Diabetic retinopathy; algorithm; sensitivity; specificity; artificial intelligence

Online: 1 March 2024 (13:07:21 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.1156.v1

Development of The AI Pipeline for Corneal Opacity Detection

Kenji Yoshitsugu, Eisuke Shimizu, Hiroki Nishimura, Rohan Khemlani, Shintaro Nakayama, Tadamasa Takemura

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Ophthalmology Keywords: corneal opacity; corneal opacity detection; AI pipeline

Online: 20 February 2024 (13:31:29 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.0752.v1

The Increased Burden of Rare Variants in Four Matrix Metalloproteinase-Related Genes in Childhood Glaucoma Suggests a Complex Genetic Inheritance of the Disease

Angel Tevar, José-Daniel Aroca-Aguilar, Juan-Manuel Bonet-Fernández, Raquel Atienzar-Aroca, Ezequiel Campos-Mollo, Carmen-Dora Méndez-Hernández, Laura Morales-Fernández, Iñaki Leal Palmer, Miguel Coca-Prados, Jose-Maria Martinez-de-la-Casa, Julian Garcia-Feijoo, Julio Escribano

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Ophthalmology Keywords: Glaucoma; Matrix Metalloproteinases; Multifactorial Inheritance.

Online: 13 February 2024 (15:28:28 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.0369.v1

Diagnostic Challenges in Inflammatory Choroidal Neovascularization

Izabella Karska-Basta, Weronika Pociej-Marciak, Katarzyna Żuber-Łaskawiec, Anna Markiewicz, Michał Chrząszcz, Bożena Romanowska-Dixon, Agnieszka Kubicka-Trząska

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Ophthalmology Keywords: inflammatory choroidal neovascularization; multimodal imaging; fluorescein angiography; indocyanine green angiography; optical coherence tomography; optical coherence tomography angiography; fundus autofluorescence

Online: 6 February 2024 (13:42:13 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.0323.v1

The Impact of Age, Interocular Differences in the Corrected Visual Acuities and Aniseikonia on the Clinical Assessment of Stereoacuity in Asymptomatic Presbyopic Habitual Spectacle Wearers

Ivana Mravičić, Selma Lukačević, Ante Barišić, Sudi Patel, Maja Bohač, Alma Bišćević, Nikica Gabrić

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Ophthalmology Keywords: Stereoacuity, visual acuity, aniseikonia, presbyopia

Online: 6 February 2024 (04:18:05 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.1078.v2

Treatment Strategies for Anti-vegf Resistance in Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration by Targeting Arteriolar Choroidal Neovascularization

Yingbin Fu, Zhao Zhang, Keith Webster, Yannis Paulus

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Ophthalmology Keywords: choroidal neovascularization; CNV; anti-VEGF resistance; neovascular age-related macular degeneration; AMD; arteriolar CNV; anti-VEGF therapies; anti-VEGF resistance; capillary CNV; AIBP; apoA-I

Online: 1 February 2024 (11:24:15 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.2015.v1

Wide-Field Choroidal Thickness Analysis after Half-fluence Photodynamic Therapy in Pachychoroid Neovasculopathy

Yosuke Fukuda, Shoji Notomi, Satomi Shiose, Yusuke Maehara, Kohei Kiyohara, Sawako Hashimoto, Kumiko Kano, Keijiro Ishikawa, Toshio Hisatomi, Koh-Hei Sonoda

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Ophthalmology Keywords: age-related macular degeneration; pachychoroid neovasculopathy; photodynamic therapy; anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy; ultra-wide-field optical coherent tomography

Online: 29 January 2024 (13:01:33 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.1903.v1

TGF- β Signaling Pathways in the Development of Diabetic Retinopathy

Andrew Callan, Sonal Jha, Laura Valdez, Lois Baldado, Andrew Tsin

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Ophthalmology Keywords: Diabetic retinopathy; TGF-β ; transforming growth factor-β ; reactive oxygen species; diabetes mellitus; retina; cell signaling; bone morphogenic proteins

Online: 26 January 2024 (10:15:43 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.1499.v1

Reading Acuity and Clinical Print Size in Digital Device of Patients With Bilateral Implanted Multifocal Intraocular Lenses

Thanapong Somkijrungroj, Nuntachai Surawatsatien, Waraluck Supawatjariyakul, Thanaporn Wiriyabanditkul, Thananop Pothikamjorn

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Ophthalmology Keywords: Digital reading; Reading acuity; Critical print size; Multifocal intraocular lenses

Online: 23 January 2024 (07:24:56 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.1524.v1

New Generation of Gene Therapies as the Future of Wet AMD Treatment

Janusz Blasiak, Elzbieta Pawlowska, Justyna Ciupinska, Marcin Derwich, Joanna Szczepanska, Kai Kaarniranta

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Ophthalmology Keywords: age-related macular degeneration; AMD; vascular endothelial growth factor; VEGF; anti-VEGF therapy; gene therapy; clinical trials; gene editing

Online: 22 January 2024 (10:11:17 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.1078.v1

Treatment Strategies for Anti-vegf Resistance in Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration by Targeting Arteriolar Choroidal Neovascularization

Yingbin Fu, Zhao Zhang, Keith Webster, Yannis Paulus

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Ophthalmology Keywords: choroidal neovascularization; CNV; anti-VEGF resistance; neovascular age-related macular degeneration; AMD; arteriolar CNV; anti-VEGF therapies; anti-VEGF resistance; capillary CNV; AIBP; apoA-I

Online: 15 January 2024 (07:10:37 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.0775.v1

The Role of Multimodal Imaging in Congenital Optic Nerve Anomalies: From Bedside to Diagnosis

Gilda Cennamo, Michele Rinaldi, Marina Concilio, Ciro Costagliola

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Ophthalmology Keywords: ODC, ODP, MGS, OCT; OCTA, Multimodal imaging

Online: 10 January 2024 (09:59:57 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.0796.v1

A Review of Open-Source Hybrid Artificial Pancreas Technologies: Implications for Long-Term Ocular Health in Diabetics

Nicola Tecce, Gilda Cennamo, Michele Rinaldi, Ciro Costagliola, Annamaria Colao

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Ophthalmology Keywords: Diabetes (T1D); epidemiology; microangiopathic complications; DR; non-proliferative DR (NPDR); proliferative DR (PDR); advanced hybrid closed loop (AHCL) systems; continuous glucose monitoring (CGM); personalized medicine; machine learning; open source HCLS systems; systems; androidAps; neovascularization; diabetes management

Online: 10 January 2024 (08:57:38 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.0743.v1

Factors Associated with Success of Switching to Faricimab for Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration Refractory to Intravitreal Aflibercept

Akira Machida, Akio Oishi, Junichiro Ikeda, Junko Kurihara, Ai Yoneda, Eiko Tsuiki, Yuki Hirata, Ryuya Murakami, Takashi Kitaoka

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Ophthalmology Keywords: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD); Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) treatment; Drug switch; Intravitreal aflibercept (IVA); Intravitreal faricimab (IVF); Macular neovascularization (MNV); Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV); Real-world date; Refractory cases; Treat-and-extend (TAE) regimen

Online: 9 January 2024 (15:53:57 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.0749.v1

Microvascular Changes after Epiretinal Membrane Vitrectomy With Intraoperative Intravitreal Dexamethasone Implant: An OCT Angiography Analysis

Antonio Baldascino, Matteo Mario Carlà, Lorenzo Vielmo, Gloria Gambini, Francesca Carolina Marzano, Fabio Margollicci, Nicola D'Onofrio, Stanislao Rizzo

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Ophthalmology Keywords: epiretinal membrane; optical coherence tomography angiography; inflammation; intravitreal dexamethasone; Ozurdex; retinal plexi

Online: 9 January 2024 (15:47:50 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.0507.v1

Small Extracellular Vesicles And Oxidative Pathophysiological Mechanisms In Retinal Degenerative Diseases

Francisco Javier Romero, Manuel Diaz-Llopis, M Inmaculada Romero-Gomez, María Miranda, Rebeca Romero-Wenz, Javier Sancho-Pelluz, Belen Romero, María Muriach, Jorge M Barcia

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Ophthalmology Keywords: retina; exosomes; oxidative stress; autophagy; microrna

Online: 8 January 2024 (04:22:14 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.0489.v1

Comparison between ANTERION and IOL MASTER 500 in Cataract Surgeries

Evangelos Gkoumas, Apostolos Maniateas, Alexandros Papadopoulos, Nikolaos Ziakas, Pantelis Papadopoulos, Ioannis Tsinopoulos

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Ophthalmology Keywords: IOLmaster500; partial coherence interferometry; ANTERION; swept source optical coherence tomography; biometry

Online: 5 January 2024 (17:05:43 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.0096.v1

Blepharoptosis Associated with Hard Contact Lens Wearing in Keratoconic Eyes

Kensei Hoshi, Kazuhiko Dannoue, Junko Yoshida, Hiroyuki Namba, Tomohiko Usui

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Ophthalmology Keywords: keratoconus; blepharoptosis; hard contact lenses

Online: 3 January 2024 (10:37:16 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.0182.v1

Observational Study in Real Clinical Practice of the Treatment of Non-Infectious Uveitis

Mar Esteban-Ortega, Martina Steiner, Cristina Andreu-Vázquez, Israel Thuissard-Vasallo, Alvaro Diaz-Rato, Santiago Muñoz-Fernandez

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Ophthalmology Keywords: uveitis; immunosuppressive therapy; biologic therapy; retrospective study; macular edema

Online: 3 January 2024 (09:44:07 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.1960.v1

The Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention of Glaucoma – An Update

Karen Allison, Kevin Andrew Morabito, Margaret M. DeAngelis, Deepkumar Patel

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Ophthalmology Keywords: Glaucoma; epidemiology of glaucoma; open angle glaucoma; blindness; disparities in glaucoma treatment and diagnosis

Online: 28 December 2023 (02:26:28 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.2069.v1

Visual Performance and Satisfaction of Extended Depth of Focus Contact Lenses in Presbyopic Subjects

Kazutaka Kamiya, Tomoko Kaida, Shizuka Higashi, Midori Hashiguchi, Erika Kanaya, Kazunori Miyata

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Ophthalmology Keywords: extended depth of focus contact lens; presbyopia, visual acuity; higher-order aberrations; satisfaction

Online: 27 December 2023 (09:08:42 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.1625.v1

Validation of a New Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomog-Raphy-Based Biometer

Jorge L. Alió, Marina José-Martínez, Antonio Martínez-Abad, Alejandra E. Rodríguez, Francesco Versaci, Jesper Hjortdal, Joaquim Neto Murta, Ana B Plaza-Puche, Mario Cantó-Cerdán, David P. Piñero

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Ophthalmology Keywords: optical biometry; axial length; anterior chamber depth; central corneal thickness; swept-source optical coherence tomography; spectral-domain optical coherence tomography

Online: 21 December 2023 (07:50:34 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.0590.v1

Is Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma a Vascular Disease? – Assessment of the Relationship of Retinal Arteriolar Morphology and Glaucoma Severity Using Adaptive Optics

Alina Szewczuk, Zbigniew Maciej Wawrzyniak, Jacek Paweł Szaflik, Anna Zaleska-Żmijewska

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Ophthalmology Keywords: ocular vascular disease; glaucoma; adaptive optics

Online: 11 December 2023 (02:58:06 CET)

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Preprint CASE REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.0357.v1

Use of Optical Coherence Tomography and Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography in the Diagnosis and Follow-Up of Endogenous Candida Endophthalmitis: a Case Report.

Agnieszka Kubicka-Trząska, Dawid Bugara, Katarzyna Żuber-Łaskawiec, Weronika Pociej-Marciak, Anna Markiewicz, Bożena Romanowska-Dixon, Izabella Karska-Basta

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Ophthalmology Keywords: optical coherence tomography; optical coherence tomography angiography; endogenous Candida endophthalmitis; macular neovascularization; intravitreal injection

Online: 6 December 2023 (10:24:05 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.0081.v1

Relationship between Biochemical Pathways and Non-Coding RNAs Involved in the Progression of Diabetic Retinopathy

Małgorzata Mrowicka, Jerzy Mrowicki, Ireneusz Majsterek

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Ophthalmology Keywords: diabetic retinopathy; biochemical pathways; oxidative stress; ncRNAs; biomarkers

Online: 1 December 2023 (11:27:36 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.1758.v1

Introduction of Deep Learning Based-IR Image Analysis for Marginal Reflex Distance-1 Measurement Method, Simultaneously Capture Images and Compute the Result: Clinical Validation Study

Bokeun Song, Hyeokjae Kwon, Sunje Kim, Yooseok Ha, Sang-Ha Oh, Seung-Han Song

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Ophthalmology Keywords: Blepharoplasty; Deep learning; Machine learning; Eye movement measurements

Online: 28 November 2023 (10:19:49 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.1339.v1

Changes of Circulating Acylated Ghrelin and Neutrophils Elastase in Diabetic Retinopathy Progression

Maria Consiglia Trotta, Carlo Gesualdo, Marina Russo, Caterina Claudia Lepre, Francesco Petrillo, Maria Giovanna Vastarella, Maddalena Nicoletti, Francesca Simonelli, Anca Hermenean, Michele D’Amico, Settimio Rossi

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Ophthalmology Keywords: diabetic retinopathy; ghrelin; neutrophils; neutrophil extracellular traps

Online: 22 November 2023 (08:20:19 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.0821.v1

Psychological, Social, and Behavioral Conditions of Anti-VEGF Patients: Results from the ALBATROS Data Collection

Christian Wolfram, Norbert Pfeiffer, Tobias Hudde, Alexander Klatt, Birthe Schnegelsberg, Mike Ross, Focke Ziemssen, Alexander K Schuster

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Ophthalmology Keywords: Anti-VEGF; patient perspective; attitude; psychology; health care; fear; vision loss; blindness

Online: 13 November 2023 (15:38:21 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.0789.v1

Extended Duration Anti-VEGF Therapy for Chorioretinal Vascular Diseases: Successes, Failures and Challenges

Azeem Hasan, Darby D Miller, Michael W. Stewart

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Ophthalmology Keywords: Angiogenesis; Age-related macular degeneration; diabetic retinopathy; intravitreal injections; retinal vein occlusions

Online: 13 November 2023 (10:37:37 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.0670.v1

Comparing the Loading Dose between Aflibercept and Faricimab for Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Chikako Hara, Masaki Suzue, Satoko Fujimoto, Yoko Fukushima, Kaori Sayanagi, Kentaro Nishida, Kazuichi Maruyama, Shigeru Sato, Kohji Nishida

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Ophthalmology Keywords: age-related macular degeneration; aflibercept; faricimab; anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy; exudative change

Online: 10 November 2023 (07:30:39 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.0396.v1

Adherence to Anti-VEGF Treatment in Patients with Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Real-World Study

Mekala Shellvarajah, Daniel Barthelmes, Vuong Nguyen, Sarah Steinmann, Mark C. Gillies, Alexandros Sagkriotis

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Ophthalmology Keywords: macular degeneration; adherence; treatment; anti-VEGF

Online: 7 November 2023 (08:22:26 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.2045.v1

Ocular Manifestations of Flavivirus Infections

Sourour MEZIOU ZINA, Gautier HOARAU, Marc LABETOULLE, Moncef KHAIRALLAH, Antoine ROUSSEAU

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Ophthalmology Keywords: Flavivirus; Eye; West Nile Virus; Dengue fever Virus; Yellow Fever; Zika virus; Japanese Encephalitis Virus; Kyasanur Forest Disease Virus

Online: 1 November 2023 (03:05:45 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.1973.v1

Update on Therapeutic Approaches to Corneal Neovascularisation

Łukasz Drzyzga, Dorota Śpiewak, Dorota Wyględowska-Promieńska

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Ophthalmology Keywords: cornea; neovascularization; steroids; anti-VEGF drugs; keratoplasty; angiogenic factors; anti-angiogenic factors

Online: 30 October 2023 (17:25:56 CET)

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A healthy cornea is a nonvascularized, transparent tissue. It is nourished by diffusion through the tear film, aqueous fluid and neurotrophins supplied by the corneal innervation. The cornea is devoid of both blood and lymphatic vessels, which makes it an immunologi-cally privileged tissue. Corneal neovascularization develops due to an imbalance between angiogenic and anti-angiogenic factors and can lead to a significant decrease in visual acui-ty. It may cause scarring, lipid keratopathy, and corneal edema. The resulting pathological vascularization of the cornea reduces its immune privilege and significantly worsens the prognosis after subsequent penetrating keratoplasty, increasing the risk of rejection of the transplanted flap. Neovascularization is favored by many disease processes, including auto-immune diseases, viral inflammations, mainly herpes and varicella-zoster, and blepharitis [1]. There are several options to treat corneal neovascularization, both pharmacological and surgical. Angiostatic treatment involves inhibiting the growth of new vessels by suppressing inflammatory responses. VEGF inhibitors, steroids, cyclosporine A, and amniotic membrane grafts secured to the cornea work this way. VEGF inhibitors are the agents with the direct and most potent angiostatic effect. Angioregressive treatment, on the other hand, results in the regression of already existing pathological vessels. This therapy is also based on VEGF inhibitors, which, however, have the most potent effect on newly formed and small vessels but are less effective in reducing large-caliber and mature vessels. A more effective method for such vessels is ablation, which involves surgical closure. The most commonly used an-gio-occlusive method is needle diathermy and argon or yellow laser therapy. In advanced corneal neovascularization, corneal transplant surgery may be necessary. It is best performed after pretreatment with anti-VEGF preparations, often continued after corneal transplanta-tion to reduce the risk of transplant rejection [2]. This paper discusses the pathogenesis of corneal neovascularization and the current and future trends in its treatment.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.1724.v1

Sulfated CXCR3 Peptide Trap Use as a Promising Therapeutic Approach for Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Joon H. Lee, Hyewon Chung, GukHeui Jo, Jae-Byoung Chae, Sun-Ah Jung, Jungmook Lyu

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Ophthalmology Keywords: age-related macular degeneration; cell invasion; choroidal neovascularization; macrophage recruitment; recombinant sulfated CXCR3 peptide trap

Online: 26 October 2023 (13:42:13 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.1281.v2

Mechanisms Underlying Rare Inherited Pediatric Retinal Vascular Diseases: FEVR, Norrie Disease, Persistent Fetal Vascular Syndrome

Vincent Le, Gabrielle Abdelmessih, Wendy A Dailey, Cecille Pinnock, Victoria Jobczyk, Revati Rashingkar, Kimberly A Drenser, Kenneth P Mitton

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Ophthalmology Keywords: FEVR; Norrie Disease; Persistent Fetal Vascular Syndrome; Norrin; FZD4; LRP5; TSPAN12; ZNF408; KIF11; CTNNA1, CTNND1, EMC1; retinal endothelial cell; retinal vasculature; blood-brain-barrier; genetic disease mechanisms

Online: 23 October 2023 (16:12:29 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.1157.v1

Bluetooth Noise-Canceling Headphones Improve the Quality of Ophthalmic Exam in Hearing-Loss Patients – A Randomized Controlled Trial

Benjamin M. Glanzer, Malik S Ladki, Metha Chea, Lena Hummel, Brian McKinnon, Biai Dominique Elmir Digbeu, Kevin H. Merkley, Atish S Amin, Praveena K Gupta

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Ophthalmology Keywords: Hearing-loss; headphones; noise-canceling; communication; elderly; Bluetooth; ophthalmic exam

Online: 18 October 2023 (17:22:44 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.1159.v1

Sialic Acid Mimetic Microglial SIGLEC Agonistic Nanoparticle: Potential to Restore Retinal Homeostasis and Regain Visual Function in AMD

Michael John Tolentino, Andrew John Tolentino, Anitha Krishnan, Mohamed A Genead

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Ophthalmology Keywords: Microglia; Macrophages; Macular Degeneration; Sialic Acid; SIGLECs; Nanoparticles; Glycosylation; Geographic Atrophy; PolySialic Acid.

Online: 18 October 2023 (17:17:25 CEST)

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Preprint CASE REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.1066.v1

Management of Bilateral Diffuse Uveal Melanocytic Proliferation (BDUMP) - A Case Report

Natasha Drača, Emma Grace Orešković, Ratimir Lazić, Marija Vukojević, Andrea Radolović Bertetić, Nenad Vukojević

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Ophthalmology Keywords: cataract; BDUMP; ovarian cancer; paraneoplastic syndrome

Online: 17 October 2023 (10:52:10 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.0650.v1

Corneal Biomechanical Study Measured with a Scheimpflug Dynamic Analyzer in Soft Contact Lens Wearers

Alfredo López-Muñoz, Isabel López-Castaño, Úrsula Torres-Parejo, Marta García-Romera

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Ophthalmology Keywords: Myopia; Soft contact lenses; Corneal biomechanics; Scheimpflug technology; Corvis ST

Online: 11 October 2023 (07:46:15 CEST)

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Preprint CASE REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.0594.v1

Leber Hereditary Optic Neuropathy (LHON) in Patients with Presumed Childhood Monocular Amblyopia

Sanja Petrovic Pajic, Ana Fakin, Maja Šuštar Habjan, Martina Jarc Vidmar, Marko Hawlina

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Ophthalmology Keywords: LHON; amblyopia; low visual acuity; retinal thickness; segmentation analysis; visual acuity improvement

Online: 10 October 2023 (10:01:59 CEST)

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Background Most of the Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) cases are bilateral and sequential, how-ever there are rare unilateral examples, or those in which the delay of onset of vision loss between one and the other eye is longer. In the case of presumed childhood amblyopia in one eye, the vision loss in the good eye may be the only symptom of bilateral disease, that was unnoticed in previ-ously amblyopic eye, or a preexisting episode of LHON on the “amblyopic” eye. Clinical decision in such cases may be difficult and suggestive for other forms of atypical optic neuropathy until confirmed by genetic testing. Case series We present three genetically confirmed (MT-ND1:m.3700G>A, MT-ND6:m14484 T>C, and MT-ND4:m.11778G>A) patients with subacute vision loss in previously good eye with the other eye believed to be amblyopic from the childhood, and their features different of what would be expected in true amblyopia. In all, electrophysiology testing showed bilaterally reduced ampli-tude of PERG with low VEP P100 wave amplitudes and prolonged peak time in both eyes, also unusual for amblyopia. During the follow-up, pallor of the optic discs progressed in all eyes. Significant thinning of the retinal nerve fiber layer around the optic disc (pRNFL) and ganglion cell complex (GCC) in the macular region was present. All three patients had peculiar history. First patient was treated for presumed hyperopic amblyopia that did not improve since child-hood and experienced visual loss on the good eye at the age of 17 and was negative for the three typical LHON mutations. Extended testing confirmed atypical pathogenic variant MT-ND1:m.3700G>A in homoplasmy. The second patient with presumed strabismic amblyopia had unusual presentation of vision loss only at the age of 61 and after exclusion of other causes, typical MT-ND4:m.11778G>A pathogenic variant was found in homoplasmy. The third case was peculiar as he had presumed strabismic amblyopia since childhood and had some degree of disc pallor in the amblyopic eye upon presenting with loss of vision on the good eye at the age of 21 and typical pathogenic variant m14484 T>C, p.Met64Val was subsequently confirmed. However, one year after the disease onset, he started to experience significant spontaneous functional im-provement in the non-amblyopic up to 1.0 Snellen, whilst improvement in the presumed amblyop-ic eye was modest, suggesting preexisting amblyopia. This interestingly extensive improvement was carefully followed by electrophysiology as well as visual acuity and fields. Conclusion This report shows three different scenarios of presentation of LHON in patients with presumed uniocular amblyopia from childhood. In such cases, the diagnosis may be difficult and detailed structural and functional evaluation of the optic nerve head is necessary to assess whether earlier LHON episode was misdiagnosed as amblyopia or whether LHON presented bilaterally on both eyes whilst only being noticed in the previously good eye.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.0595.v1

Onchocerciasis Chorioretinitis: Commonly Missed Diagnosis Spilling Over into North America, Europe and Middle East

Ahmad Mansour, Linnet Rodriguez, Hana M Mansour, Madeleine Yehia, Maurizio Battaglia Parodi

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Ophthalmology Keywords: blackfly; blindness; chorioretinitis; ivermectin; microfilaria; onchocerciasis; optic atrophy; optic neuritis; river blindness, tropical disease; uveitis.

Online: 10 October 2023 (07:56:42 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.0525.v1

Association of gut microbiota with age-related macular degeneration and glaucoma: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study

Chen Li, Peirong Lu

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Ophthalmology Keywords: Age-related macular degeneration; Glaucoma; Gut microbiota; Mendelian randomization; Gut-retina axis

Online: 9 October 2023 (14:55:25 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.0291.v1

Susceptibility of Ocular Surface Bacteria to Various Antibiotic Agents

Aurelian Mihai Ghita, Daniela Adriana Iliescu, Ana Cristina Ghita, Larisa Adriana Ilie

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Ophthalmology Keywords: ocular infections; bacteria contamination; antibiotic resistance

Online: 5 October 2023 (13:33:16 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.0180.v1

Recent Advances on Imaging for Late-Stage Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Anny M.S. Cheng, Kakarla V. Chalam, Vikram S. Brar, David T.Y. Yang, Jineel Bhatt, Raphael G. Banoub, Shailesh K. Gupta

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Ophthalmology Keywords: Age-related macular degeneration; confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope; fundus autofluorescence; macular atrophy; microperimetry; multifocal electroretinogram; optical coherence tomography angiography; optical coherence tomography

Online: 4 October 2023 (07:41:14 CEST)

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Medicine and Pharmacology