,.

THE ECCLESIASTICAL
HISTORY OF EUSEBIUS

&.,
^, ^
&^, \6
BOOK VI
VI
. Now when Severus also was
I. \& stirring up persecution
^-
3- ,
against the churches, in every place splendid martyr-
" }^
doms of the champions of piety were accomplished,

^
&8

&' ^)3,'\'
but with especial frequency&\.

.,^,"
&&,
at Alexandria. Thither,
as to some great arena, were escorted from Egypt
-, 1§1
and the whole Thebais God's champions, who, through

^[
\ ,, &
their most stedfast endurance in divers tortures and

\& ^
modes of death, were wreathed with the crowns laid
up with God. Among these was \&Leonides, known as
"

^ 1)&(1,leaving
" the father of Origen," who was beheaded,

^
^ 1)^^.
his son behind him quite young. It will not be 1) out

,&& ^. \€[,;
1)'8
of place to describe briefly how deliberately the boy's
&
mind was set on the Divine Word
}^
\(1 from that early
&
&1) him has received
&^^

,
&§,
age, especially as the story about

\1 ^,
indeed, would there 1)be to ^,
. &^
exceedingly widespread notoriety. II. Many things,
say, if one were to attempt
\1§ &'
at leisure to hand down in writing the man's life, and

& ^ ^^\,
\ \1
the narrative concerning him would require also a
\.
work of its own. Nevertheless, on the present
)§^
occasion abridging most things as briefly &
\6
as may be,
we shall state some few of the facts concerning him,
1),

9
9
& ,
^^
,
gathering what
\13,1 we

& 6 " 0§666 . ,

8
VI. .
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, VI. 1-6
is. 1-6

\6 set forth from certain letters and

information derived from pupils of his, whose \18 lives
been 666(1

.
have 1)6611

• 6^ ,^ -
preserved even to our day.

^,
16 case of Origen I think that even the facts
In the
&
from his very cradle,' 8 so to speak, are worthy of
mention. For Severus was in the tenth year of his
^,^ 9, Laetus was governor of Alexandria and
reign,' and
^, " "
the rest of Egypt, and Demetrius had just 38 then
" 8
£

86
"
received the episcopate of the communities there in

)68
\,
succession to ^11^.
& \6&
Julian. When, therefore, the flame
of persecution was kindled to a ,&
& fierce blaze, and

«^
" &^, ^'
countless numbers \66
00\8

0[8 >, ^
were 1)§

-
. ,\ ,^
quite a boy, that he was
being wreathed with the
crowns of martyrdom, Origen's soul was possessed

&\1 "^,&(1,
with such a passion for martyrdom, while he was still
\& all
&11 eagerness to come to

&,
rush into the conflict. In fact, it were but
"\&
close quarters with danger, and to leap forward and
\1
&
1) a very

^^ ,
& hand, had
\& at

,
little step and the end of his life was

\
the general
" ,
not the divine and heavenly Providence, acting for

. ,
§3.1 good through his mother, stood in the

^ , \ & &,
way of his zeal. She, at all &11 events, at first had
1)§
&
&,16'^•
recourse to verbal entreaties, bidding him spare a3,
mother's feelings ; then, when he learnt that his
1)
;

father had been captured and was

&-
\£8 kept in prison,

&^, .,
and his \11
whole 1)§
being was set on the desire for martyr-

,
dom, perceiving that his purpose was \& more resolute

^^
than ever, she hid all&11 his clothes, and so
"
8 laid upon
him the necessity of remaining at home. And since
nothing else remained for him to do, and a zeal, ,
^ ^^ ^ ' ^^ ^
}&8, suffered him not to 1)6
intense beyond his years,
he sent to his father a letter on martyrdom most
,
strongly urging him on, in which he advises him in
}^ \,
be €[6,

these very words, saying : "" Take care not to change

^ .
' Lit. "" \&(11§-111€8."
:

swaddling-clothes."
2*
quiet,

.. 203.
A.D. 203.
11
11
 ,
." &
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, VI. .6-11
VI. II. 6-11

^
^8
§, &
16
&
^' *
thy mind on our account." Let this be

^. \ )^^
the first proof of Origen's boyish
1)recorded as
&3
"mind
readiness of
and genuine love of godliness. For indeed in the
study of the faith also he had already laid down a
,^1)
, &
good foundation, having been trained in the divine

&
Scriptures from the time that he was

,, , &.
1)(1
&)^
&,&; &
-&still a boy.
Certainly it was no ordinary amount of labour that
he bestowed on these, since his father, in addition
to the customary curriculum, took pains that these

& &
1).

^
also should 1)
be for him no secondary matter. On all

.
&11

^^
&,
occasions, for example, he kept urging him before
1)§1§
&^
beginning his secular ^1 lessons to train himself in
the sacred studies, exacting from him each day

& ^,
1&§

& ^ ,
,
learning )^

& ^ -
did with no lack of willingness, nay, he worked

^
by heart and repetition. And this the boy
\•1.
with even excessive zeal at these studies, so that he 1
, &,
0[8.
,
^
',
&^
\1
\&not satisfied with reading the sacred words in a
was
simple and literal manner, but1)1;sought something
\1

^
further, and busied himself, even &1 at that age,
&§, with

&
deeper speculations, troubling his father by
-&
questions as to what could 1)

^)1 ,
1)}his
be the inner meaning of
)1:

],^^ ,
the inspired Scripture. And his father would rebuke

1) &
him ostensibly to his face, counselling him to seek

the manifest meaning ; but

&}^1§
nothing beyond his years nor anything further than
1)secretly in himself he
;
1
the Author of all §^,
rejoiced greatly, and gave profound thanks to God,
11good things, that He had deemed

^
him worthy to \)

8\3 , §\
is

^^.
be the father of such a \).
1
boy. And it
18 said that many a time he would stand over the
1)8,
sleeping boy and uncover his breast, as if a divine
spirit were enshrined therein, and kissing it ;with
\1;
11;

",^ -.
reverence count himself happy in his goodly offspring.
^ 'Exxnpix6iy,""pagan ""; cf.
; /",the use of the word in 2
2Mace.
iv.
1.10.
10.

Is
13
 ..^',
. VI. .
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY,VI.

are the 868,

These &6
11-15
n. 11-15

,-
stories, and others akin to these, that
)^
, But when his father had )&
dom, 16 was ;
he \£8
smaller 1)1;1€,
His £16'
&,
&, \
- .
they tell about Origen's boyhood.
been perfected by martyr-
\1 his mother and six

&,1\&^,&
left destitute with
(^
brothers, when he was not quite seventeen.
\£8 confiscated for 16
father's property was
treasury, and he found himself, along
6&1
the imperial
&1§ with his
.
-^" £
relatives, in want of the necessaries of life. Yet he
,
'
was deemed worthy of divine aid, and met with 1)1
\&
§,^ ,,
welcome and refreshment from a certain lady, very

\}
,
both

rich in this world's goods, and otherwise distinguished,

\1
who nevertheless was treating with honour a well- \11-

.
& ,
that time. He was
\
"
known person, one of the heretics at Alexandria at
&
\&an Antiochene by &, 1) the
1) race, but

. , ^
lady we have mentioned kept him at

, 11§1
& her house as
\}
her adopted son, and treated him with especial

§ & ^^
honour. But although Origen of necessity had to
&

^ ^
consort with him, he used to give clear proofs of his

§,
), §1 &.

^ & &
orthodoxy, at that £§,
age, in the faith. For though very
great numbers, not only of heretics but

&\ , ' ), (
that was the man's name), attracted by

,
1? also of our
\1
own people, were gathered together with Paul (for

^, ^^
1) his apparent
skilfulness in speech, Origen could never 1)be persuaded

^\&3£§,&.,\ \—&
1),
the very word
with him in prayer, keeping the rule of
to associate \1;1
the Church, even from boyhood, and"" loathing" "-
\(1 he himself uses somewhere—the
1)§
teachings of the heresies. His father had brought
him forward in secular studies, and after his death
\17
he applied himself wholly with renewed zeal to a

^, ,
literary training, so that he had a tolerable amount
1§
of proficiency in letters ; and, not long after his
father's perfecting, \)
;

by dint of application to these

15
 .& '
i, )(1118,, £ .
, - ^. -^,^,
studies, he \8

1
III.

&&: ), -&-
VI..n. 15—
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY,VI. 15 111. 44 -

was abundantly supplied, for a person of

his years, with the necessaries of life.
\£ devoting himself to teaching,
III. And while he was
&as he himself informs us somewhere in writing, since
there \8
( & was no one at Alexandria set apart for cate-

& , , &' .,;&,

ehetical instruction (for 11 1)
all had been driven away 1)
by
the threat of the persecution), some of the heathen
\(
approached him to hear the word of God. Of these
\1 after

&
1>§ the first, who
Plutarch is pointed out as being

\, , &
)1
a noble life \&8
3. was adorned also with a divine martyrdom;
1).

. ^
and the second, Heraclas, Plutarch's brother. He also,

-
in his own person, afforded a noteworthy example of

§ \& deemed
a philosophic life and of discipline, and was
worthy of the bishopric of the Alexandrians in succes-

\
,
sion to Demetrius. Origen was

,
\& in his eighteenth

^\ ^
\^ .^
year ^1 when he came to preside over the catechetieal
school, and at this time also he came into prominence

,, \\ .,\ \
§§
when the persecutions were going on under Aquila,

^
the governor of Alexandria.2 Then also he won for

, -
himself an exceedingly wide reputation among all
those who were of the faith, )^
§•11
goodwill that he displayed towards 11
11
by the kindly help and
all the holy
martyrs, unknown and known alike. For he was \8

, ^ §^ , ^^
present not only with the holy martyrs who were

\ §^ ) -
in prison, not only with those who were under ex-
amination right up to the final sentence, but also
\•
when they were being led away afterwards to their

- \\\ , § ;

drew near and with great boldness ^

death, using great boldness and coming to close
quarters with danger ; so that, as he courageously
1)1!^ greeted the
\
martyrs with a kiss, many a time the heathen

8§ , ^
multitude round about in its fury went near to

,
stoning him, but for the fact that time after time he
found the divine right hand to help him, and so 8
1177
^,
.& &, -
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY,VI.

88)1
\}
^— ^ —
5-9
VI. in. 5-9

escaped marvellously ; and this same divine and

heavenly §&06
;
.
grace on other occasions again and again—

&§&
.^ , ^,
1\
it is impossible to say how often—preserved him
safely, when plots were laid against him at that time

& , \
1)6 £ 1)188 for the
because of his excessive zeal and boldness
"
^
\(1
word of Christ. And so great, then, was

1) 3
^ ^ ^," &,
unbelievers against him, that
\1- "
1
soldiers
\&8 the war of
were placed in
groups for his protection ^ round the house where he
), "
abode, because of the number of those who were
receiving instruction from him in the sacred faith. &.
Thus day by
so
\}1
, )
\) day the persecution against him blazed,
8 that there was
\&8 no longer any place for him in the
1
whole city ; from house to house he passed, but

^.
driven from &11
;

£
1) was
all sides, on account of the numbers who
\8
10§1
^ §\
^ § ^
through him came over to the divine teaching. For

, £ &, , ,
in his practical conduct were to 1> be found to a truly
"—
marvellous degree the right actions of a most genuine
(
philosophy (for—as —
&8 the saying goes—" " as
1•1
\& his
&8 was
\& the manner of life "" ^2 that he displayed,
speech, so was
13

\£8
\, -- "
and "" as his manner of life, so his speech "), "), and it
was especially for this reason that, with the co-opera-

& . ^
£ 1 }^

, &^^&,^, ^),
1)§1 so very many
tion of the divine power, he brought

^
to share his zeal.

(for
\1 &
And when he saw still more pupils coming to him
1)
(" the task of instruction had been entrusted by
Demetrius, the president of the church, to him alone),
considering that the teaching of letters 3' was not

&
consonant \11
with training in the divine studies, without
1))

as
3. being

*
2
Cf.
^
1)1 off the task of teaching letters, 3
, '§ & & ^ ^
more ado he broke

."
,^
1)^ unprofitable and opposed to sacred study ;
and then, for the good reason that he might never be
in need of others' assistance, he disposed of all

,. ."
Or ""with a3, view to capturing him."
1

/. Plato, Repub. 400

400 D. .
&,'
3,11 the

» Or "" literature."
3
;

9
119
 ,.
, &,
^ ^ ^ &^
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, VI.
VI. in. 9-12
9-12 .
1€8
volumes of ancient literature which formerly he so 8
• )8 .
fondly cherished, content if he who purchased them
brought him four obols a day. For a great number
" ^-
§6 1)6
8^'& ^ ,
16 continued to live like a philosopher in
of years he

,
86, putting aside
this wise, 8.8(1 everything that might lead

^ 188 ; all
to youthful lusts

^ £
1§
&11 day long his
; \& to
18discipline was
§&
^
perform labours of no light character, and the greater

8)1, &
part of the night he devoted himself to studying the

^), ^ ,, - .
"
divine Scriptures ; and he persevered, &
;

possible, in the most philosophic manner of life,

one time disciplining himself }) by &8§,
"
8
as far as
1", at
fasting, at another
measuring out the time for sleep, which he was

& 3&§8
\'&8
&"1
careful to take, never on a couch, but on the floor.

, ] ^
And above &11 "
all he considered that those sayings of the

,, \1

^
Saviour in the Gospel ought to be 1) kept which exhort
[
. , ^
1\ coats nor to use shoes, nor,
us not [to provide] two

,, -
indeed, to be1)6 worn out with thoughts about the
"
future. Yea, he was possessed of a zeal beyond his

§§
§
years, and by

§
\} persevering in cold and nakedness and
"
going to the extremest limit of poverty, he greatly

^
\ ^^
. 11\, )68
astounded his followers, causing grief to numbers

, ,
^, \}

^
who besought him to share their goods, when they
8\
^. \ 1)6
1&1) that he bestowed on teaching divine
saw the labour
things. But he was not one to slacken endurance.

, \^
£
He is

^^
18 said, for example, to have walked for many

^ ,
years without using a shoe of any description, yea
more, to have refrained for a great many years from

)^
the use of wine and 11
all except necessary food, so that

3§
&^8
.^
he actually incurred the risk of upsetting and in-
juring his stomach.

8
11 So the translation £

1)€
of 11,11fi MIS ; 1)1:
£^
;

.&
-
but no exact parallel can
be adduced for the meaning here given to 044.
21
21
 ^^
80, . .
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, VI. 13—iv. 33
VI. In. 13 —

\ , ,
,
And by\> displaying proofs such &8 as these of a3,

81& ^ )6
philosophic life to those who saw 8&\ him, he naturally

. )6§
stimulated a large number of his pupils to a3, like zeal,
8 &,
" &^
so that, even among the unbelieving Gentiles and

8 \ ^
those from the ranks of learning and philosophy,
some persons of no small account were won by 1) his
}^
, £ ^
instruction. By his agency these very persons
\(1 truly in the
^
received the faith of the divine Word
depths of the soul, and were

\
\66 conspicuous at the

'. ,\ ,, , \
persecution then taking place ; insomuch that even
;

some of them were arrested and perfected by \)

martyrdom.
IV. The first of these, then, was Plutarch, he whom
\
we mentioned a little \11while §.^
ago.l As this man was

^,
1>§
being led on the way to death, he of whom we have

, ,\ .
1)
,\^
been speaking, 1)^ \1
being present with him to the very
end of his life, was again almost killed by
1)§ clearly responsible for his death.
citizens, as being

.^ ,
11\-
1)7 his fellow-

^
.,. \ \ ,
^' 1\ ^
But on that occasion also he was kept by )^ the will
God. 2 And, after Plutarch, Serenus was the second

§ )^,
of Origen's pupils to show himself a martyr, having
\11 of

, \
through fire given the proof of the faith he had

, .,
-
received. From the same school Heraclides was the
third martyr, and after him Hero, the fourth ; the ;

former of these was still a catechumen, the latter

8,-
lately baptized. Both were beheaded. Further, in
addition to these, from the same school was \8 pro-
• ^,
. *, \
claimed a fifth champion of piety, one Serenus, a

, §^,§" . §
different person from the first-mentioned of that

,
name. It is recorded that after very great endurance
of torture his head was taken of And, among the
women, Herais, who was still under instruction for
1),
1)
the baptism by .
baptism, as Origen himself sayssomewhere, "received
&," and so ended her life.
\) fire,"
23
,
&"
.-,^,^
V. ^
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, VI.

&
V. Seventh among them must be
. 11-55
VI. v.

&&. - -

1)6 numbered Basil-

}^ §
&\& the famous Potamiaena. The
ides, who led away
18 day still loudly sung

,
praise of this woman 18 is to this
by her
1> £
16 fellow-countrymen, as of one who on behalf 1)1&1£
"
,-
£
&1
\11 she
1)7,in which
of the chastity and virginity of her body,
excelled, contended much with lovers (for (£ assuredly
16 1), as well as her mind, was
her body,
of its youthful 1)&) ,
\& in the full bloom
\1 endured much,

^ ,, beauty) ; as
; 3.8of one who

,,
and at the end, after tortures that were terrible and

• ,
£&1
&. &8 perfected by
fearful to relate, was &1§ with
1)} fire, along \11 her

6
& ^& ^ ,
whose name was
&,
\& Aquila, after inflicting severe
^^,
mother Marcella. It is said, in fact, that the judge,
\18
1)), at last threatened to
tortures upon her entire body,

.1,

,
\1 \)
16 decision was,
\1& her
asked what
"
^ ..
hand her over to the gladiators for bodily insult, and
that, when after a brief period of reflection she was

\& \&8, she made a reply which

"
involved from their point of view something profane.

, &,
No sooner had she spoken than she received the
\&8

^-^\,^^
sentence, and Basilides, being
,'
6§
1)§ one of those serving
,
in the army, took her and led her away to death.
0\
And as the crowd tried to annoy her, and insult her
\1
with shameful \(1,words, he kept restraining them and
§68
.
driving away the insulters, displaying the greatest pity

§
,
and kindness towards her. She on her part accepted

,
his fellow-feeling for16

\ \1
1)
her and bade him be
cheer, for that she would ask him from her Lord,

[it
^ ^
him for what 16
8], she right nobly
[; is said],
1).1§
when she departed, and before long would requite

,
he had done for her. Thus speaking
,
"
^
^^
1) of good

)!)^ endured the end, boiling

pitch being poured slowly
8\1)^ and little by 1) little over
£
-^
was the contest waged by
.
different parts of her body from head to toe. Such
\) this maiden celebrated in
25
 .-, &
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, VI.

^
asked by his
or other,
;
VI. v.

&,
5— 11
. 5—vi.
1§afterwards, when
song. And not long
8§. \16Basilides was
18fellow-soldiers to swear
1
,.
1€,he stoutly affirmed that swearing
&
\&8
8\63for some
.
801116reason
8"\63,§ &8
was
;

,
-&
)816)forbidden in18
absolutely

^&
^
\.\§^
Christian and acknowledged it openly. At first,
\& a
his case, for that he was
;,

1)•§1him to the 311

brought

.
^
[] & ,
indeed, for a time they thought he was

^.
\&8 jesting,
^^^^,but
when he continued stedfastly to affirm it, they
\16he admitted
judge. And when
,
1)

^&&&
the constancy [of his profession] in his presence, he
&
- ,
and incredible impulse,;it 8 is 8&
1)11
was committed to prison. When his brethren in God
8
came to him and inquired the reason of this sudden
8&
said that he stated that
three days after her martyrdom Potamiaena appeared

^
^
^,
to him 1) \1§
, 1)"
,
by night, wreathing his head with a crown and

and obtained \13,

.
saying that she had called upon the Lord for him,
6<:[68,and that before
what she requested,

.
long she would take him to herself. Thereupon the

\8 § ^^
\"
"
,,
brethren imparted to him the seal in the Lord, and

;
on the day afterwards he gave notable testimony for

,', ,.
the Lord and \8 was beheaded. And it is related that
1168of those at Alexandria came over all
many others
"
once to the word of Christ in the time of the persons
mentioned, because Potamiaena appeared to them in
11 at

dreams and invited them. But this must suffice.

^-^^
,§^
1)1
.
VI. Pantaenus was succeeded by

88
1
1 ..
Clem. Strom. i. 21
1.
"
date that Origen also was one of his pupils. In fact
Clement, when compiling his Stromateis, in the first
book displays a chronological )1,
,
\1
1)7 Clement, who
directed the instruction at Alexandria up to such a

table, using the death

of Commodus as a terminus in measuring his dates 1^ ;
-
so that it is clear that the work was composed by
21 (139,
(139,140,
140,144).
144).
)^him
;
'

27
27
00.80
, ,
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, VI.

under Severus, \16

1—
VI. vi. 1—vin. .
33 .
(61)§.
-
describing.
VII. At this time Judas
VII. ,-
whose time this present account is

,
3

^1(^& also, another writer, com-

"
book of Daniel ; 16

&1; &\1 \ .
6
"
;

. ^§1
posed a written discourse on the seventy weeks in the

^he stops his record of time at the

tenth year of the reign of Severus. He also was \& of

^
the opinion that the much talked of coming of the

^
,&
antichrist was then already near. So strongly did

()660
16
the persecution which was then stirred up against us
&. ,
disturb the minds of the many.
0•§6 was
VIII. At that time, while Origen
VIII. -& performing
1§
the work of instruction at Alexandria, he did a thing
which
\\-11 §3,
, £)(1& proof of an immature and
gave abundant
1-1•1.
youthful mind, yet withal

^&'
\11&1 of faith and self-control.

' ^,, ^&

^,
For he took the saying, "" There are eunuchs which \11

)18 ^§&
made themselves eunuchs for the kingdom of heaven's
sake," in too literal and extreme a sense, and thinking
8&1,"

^
1) 1
&1 that he
both to fulfil the Saviour's saying, and also

\'
might prevent all &11 suspicion of shameful slander on

(, •,
the part of unbelievers (for, young as he was, he used

>\ . , ^, §
to discourse on divine things with women as well \11 as
),
men), he hastened to put into effect the Saviour's
^^, &1§
^
.
saying, taking care to escape the notice of the greater
\1
^ ^
number of his pupils. But, wishful though he might
be, it was not possible to hide a deed of this nature.
1),
§
In fact Demetrius got to know
\ \1 1.\ of it later, since he
was presiding over the community at that place ; ;

.
and while he marvelled exceedingly at him for his

,, ^ , ^\
rash act, he approved the zeal and the sincerity of his
faith, bade him be of good cheer, and urged him to
attach himself now11 all the more to the work of
instruction.

29
29
 ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, VI. ,& ^.
4-7
VI. viii. 4-7 .
^ Such indeed\&8

, ^:1§ &£€\,
&
was his attitude&at that time. But
;
^
not long afterwards, when the same person saw 8&\ that
^;
^
he was prospering and a great man and distinguished
, 68)
, ,
and famous in the sight of all, overcome by \) a human
weakness, he attempted to describe the deed as
1)18 throughout the world, when \1
^
monstrous to the bishops

^ ^
the most highly
}^
,.^ ,
1§11 approved and distinguished bishops
£
in Palestine, namely those of Caesarea and ^^1&11,^
£
Jerusalem,'
deeming Origen worthy of privilege and the highest ^;
1§
§,
honour, ordained him to the presbyterate by \) laying

^, ^ \§ §
on of hands. 2 So, as he had then advanced to a position
of great esteem, and had acquired no small reputation
and fame for his virtue and wisdom in the eyes of all
men everywhere, through lack of any other ground
^^ "
11

; ^ ^ \1
of accusation Demetrius spread grave scandal about

).
the deed that he had committed long ago when a boy,
and had the temerity to include in his accusations

,\", ^ ^^ \1 ,
\1 raised him to the presbyterate.
those who
\1 \8.•
'This happened a little while afterwards. , At that
\8 engaged at Alexandria in
\),

, ^ . ^ ^^
time, however, Origen was
the work of divine instruction for all,
11, without reserve,

.^^
who came to him 1) by night and in the course of the
day, devoting his whole time untiringly to the divine

,\ ^ ^
studies and his pupils.

^
"When Severus had held the principate for eighteen
years, he was succeeded by )^ his son Antoninus. At
\1
3

^
(1)^
this time Alexander (being one of those who played
the man during the persecution and after contending
for the faith by
the Providence
)^
^
a

«
^ 1) ),
of God), whom

:,
1) their confessions were preserved 'by
we have\mentioned
^^&11, was
lately * as bishop of the church at Jerusalem,
deemed worthy of the said bishopric, distinguished
i.e. Theoctistus and Alexander : cf.
..
623.
See 22. 4.
4.
3
3 A.D.
^__ 211.
211.
/. 19.
)}^

19. 17;
17; 27.
4§
*
27.
4.
§4.
S31I
,.
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, VI. 30, .
7—. 55
'
VI. vin. 7—ix.
;

as
088
\
&)
^,
£
8 he was
IX. &,,.^
\&8 for his confessions on behalf of Christ ;
1)6^still alive. 1
Narcissus his predecessor being

,§
IX. Many other miracles, indeed, of £Narcissus do
the citizens of the community call to mind, as

. &
& handed

,
down })by the brethren in succession, and among these
11\^^wonder was -&performed
§; -^; ^
they relate that the following

,\,^ \^ \,
by
&
1) him. Once at the great all-night vigil of the
Pascha it is said that the oil failed the deacons, and
that when deep despondency seized the whole
multitude, thereupon Narcissus commanded those

& &^& ^
who were preparing the lights to draw water and

&
1)§
bring it to him ; that when this was

\
;

them pour it down into the lamps with unfeigned

- \
contrary to all
&
,.
faith in the Lord. And that when they
&11 reason by
(^&
\1
\&
\3,no sooner said
than done, he then prayed over the water, and bade

1)7^did this,
1) miraculous and divine power
&
1)
,
,
& ^§&
its nature was changed in quality from water into

, \^ 1§
oil ; and that for a very long time, from that day even

^,.
;

^ ^ & a proof of that wonder

\& preserved as
to ours, a little was
"

\1
, ,^
of former days )^ »} " 1)1
by very many of the brethren there.
And they enumerate a great many other things
" "
about the life of this man worthy of mention, among

^
which18is the "11\§.
not 1)§ §^
^
following. Certain miserable creatures,
being able to endure his energy and the firmness

^), .&,,^^\^^§
\
£
of his conduct, and fearing lest they should 1) be taken
(
and put on their trial (for they were conscious of many
evil deeds), anticipated the event by 1^^ devising an
&§&
intrigue against him and spreading a certain grave

,
slander to his hurt. Then, with a view to securing

body 1)

-.
\
the belief

^
VOL. II
II
]
1)1of their hearers, they strove to confirm their
accusations \)

\)
)
^1
>
\, [
by oaths ; one swore, "" [if this is not true]
;

^
may I be destroyed by fire "" ; another, "" may my
;

be wasted by an untoward disease"" ; and the

C
866 .
For the reason of this see c. 11.
11.
;

$$
83
,. ^ 80,
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, VI.

^ &^
VI. ix. 5—. 11
IX. 5—x.

,
-,
^
^
)
& ,,,^& - ,,
third, "" may
^&^ my eyes 1)6
^,& £ &8' be1)16(1." ;, 8\&though
blinded." But, swear
they might, none of the faithful gave heed to them,
because the fame of Narcissus's sobriety and virtuous
manner of life was always well known to11.
nevertheless, could not brook the wickedness of

,
1) 1§
all. He,
what
£\&1;
1)6
had been said, and, besides, had for a& long time been
pursuing the philosophic life ; so he escaped the
\16
}^ )•&&^. "
;

^&
whole company of the church, and spent many years

^,1) , -]3 .
secretly in deserts and obscure parts of the country.
£• £ ^8^
Yet the great eye of Justice did not remain quiet at
66 \1
1)with utmost speed visited upon those
these deeds, but
godless men the curses with which in their perjury
8 1)
they had bound themselves. So the first was burnt

• ^^ ^-
to death with
\;1 all
11 his family, the house in which he

, ,
was staying 1)§

\, ^
being wholly set on fire one night from
absolutely no other cause than a small spark which

^
was covered, 11

, ^ •
; £ 1))
happened to fall on it ; as for the second, his body
all at once, from head to toe with the
disease that he had assigned to himself as a penalty ;

,
;

§ ., \
and the third, perceiving the hap of the other
\,
\ £§ £
two, and fearing the inevitable judgement of God
£88
^
who seeth all,

^.
^\
destroyed.

£
\§ £8. .
§
£

67 \6
he unceasingly poured forth, that both eyes were
}^
11, made public confession of what they
had plotted together in common. . iyet, in the act of

^\ -, £,
his repentance, so great were the lamentations by
which he was wasted, so many were the tears that

Such were the punishments that these men suffered

for their falsehood. X. But as Narcissus had retired
1\
£

6§
.&,
ucceeded \)
§)§
£ .
and no one knew where he might be, 1),it seemed good

.-
o those presiding over the neighbouring churches to

£
roceed to the appointment of another bishop. His
ame was Dius. After a brief 1)6£presidency he was
by Germanion, and he in turn by \>Gordius.
55
35
 .&,& 8
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, VI.

, ^, &
the presidency 1)
§6&
to a still
.
VI. x.

by the brethren,
811 greater degree
, (16§;66 because
£
1)€6,for all
"
866,
In his day Narcissus appeared from somewhere, as
come to life again, and was once more summoned to
6
1—.

&11 admired him

6€6
1)6086 of his retirement
"
S3

£
£8 if

^,
and philosophic life, and especially 1)60&8€
\;
because of the

^, &
punishment with which God had deemed it meet to

^ -
avenge him.
\1
XI. And when he was no longer able &1)1 to perform

)^ , ^.&
£
the ministry on account of ripe old age, &§,1 the above-
mentioned' Alexander, 1)§ 1)8
^^, -
community, \&8 was called \)
being bishop of another
"
by a dispensation of God to a

",
&, - 3
\1
joint ministry with Narcissus, by 1) a revelation which

)6 &&,
[3.8

\1& &, ^
appeared to him in a vision at night. Whereupon,
as if in obedience to some oracle, he made the journey
&
from the land of the Cappadocians, where he was

. ^^&1I,
first deemed worthy of the episcopate, to Jerusalem,

(1&1
^, && . &
& \1
or the purpose of prayer and investigation of the
&]\1, §£
sacred] places. The people there gave him the most
ordial welcome, and suffered him not to return home

&
&
gain, in accordance with another revelation which
^,
vas seen by them also at night, and which
3.
-^\
\11 vouchsafed
n identical utterance of the clearest kind to those

§ , \1 \ -& .
f them who were peculiarly zealous. For it indicated

• o them to go forth outside the gates§&1and welcome as £18

\ &§
heir bishop him \1 who was fore-ordained of God. And
oing this, with the common consent of the bishops 1)18

&&.
vho were administering the churches round about, &1),

,&
hey compelled him of necessity to remain. And in
1;17
&
^ ^ ,
a ct Alexander himself in a personal letter to the
.,*s, mentions Narcissus &8
18,
\1
ntinoites, 2 which is still to this day preserved with
as holding the chief place
1§ 11\8, in these very words,
long with him, writing as follows,
37
 ;

ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, VI.80, 3— 11

VI. xi. 3—xn. . .
^
.1;186
6, \
vho before me was
&^& "
t the close of the letter : " Narcissus
: §68 ^,
greets you,
\&8 holding the position of bishop
^,
, , &&
ere, and now is 8 associated with me in the prayers,
,
&§
.
^
aving completed 116 116 years ; and exhorts you, as I
."
( o likewise,
116\86, to be1)6 of one mind."
;

So was it with these matters. But when Serapion

" &
• & ,, ^^
"

,
ntered upon his rest, Asclepiades succeeded to the

-&
ishopric of the church at Antioch, and he was
nimself distinguished for his confessions in the

, \^
)686.
ersecution. Alexander also mentions his 18 appoint-
ent, writing thus to the Antiochenes : "" Alexander,
:,
,
:

t slave and prisoner of Jesus "

^^1 Christ, to the blessed
"
& &
church of the Antiochenes, greeting in the Lord.
'

<§ 1),
,.

& ,
ight and easy did the Lord make my bonds, when

)
learnt at the time of my imprisonment that by
\6 \) the

^ ^ ."
&(1
,^^
8 "
£;
&, &&
ivine Providence Asclepiades, whose worthy
1)
\;1) faith
akes him most suitable, had been entrusted with

This epistle he indicates had been sent by

, ^, &
\11 the
ishopric of your holy church of the Antiochenes."
1) the hand
f Clement,' writing at the close in this manner : "" But
^
and of Clement the blessed presbyter, a man
1)6,
its letter I send unto you, my dear brethren, by

)7^1
irtuous and approved, of whom ye yourselves also
1) the
:

,
ave 16&,

& ,&',^& ,,
ho also, when he was
?^1
\1
heard, and with whom ye \11 ^ 1)6&[&6
will become acquainted ;
\8 present here in accordance
Pith the providence and overseership of the Master,
oth stablished and increased the Church of the
)."
, \
ord."
XII.

,
\ ^
XII. Now it is

,
18 likely, indeed, that other memoirs

Iso, the fruit of Serapion's literary studies, are &

. ,
reserved )by other persons, 1) but there have come
own to us only those addressed To Domnus, one
Pho}& had fallen away from the faith of Christ, at the
*1 i.e.
.«. Clement of Alexandria.
39
39
6 8
,
-, ,
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, VI.
VI. xn. 1-5

,
1-5 .

8&, ^ ^^-
•\11-\8 and
&,
time of the persecution, to Jewish
^6\^811 will-worship;
those To Pontius and Caricus, churchmen, and other
& )1^ has been
letters to other persons ; and another book
; 1)€€
;

composed 1)7 by him Concerning what is known 8 as the

/ \1 \16
,'^1 which he has written refuting the
, ^& "
Gospel of Peter,

&
false statements in it, because of certain in the com-

&&- &^. £
munity of Rhossus, \1
\^^
"
who on the ground of the said
writing turned aside into heterodox teachings. It
will not be
\11 1)6 unreasonable to quote a short passage &&^
6
,
^,^ ^ ^,
from this work,

our part,
16
bear
\^1^, in which he puts forward the view
he held about
3.1) the book,
)1
\§
&•1, brethren,

» .
&^
\1^
1)1, writing as & follows : "" For
1)6;6, we receive both Peter and the
:

other apostles as Christ, but the writings which falsely

\ " ^^^, as men of experience,
1)6& their names we reject,
knowing that such were not handed (1\ down to us. For

^ &
\1
, \1 §^
I myself, when I came among you, imagined that all
^
^. ^,^^
,
of you clung to the true faith ; and, without going

" 1§ &
through the Gospel put forward \)
of Peter, I said : If
&§ ,\{;
;

by them in the name

£ this is the only thing that
&11

^
:

it be \
seemingly causes captious feelings among you, let

,& § &
1) read. But since I have now learnt, from what
1)
has been told me, that their mind was lurking in

",
:
& &-
" ^,*
1,361,[11.
some hole of heresy,' I shall give diligence to come

&^^
again to you ; wherefore, brethren, expect me quickly.
1), §&§ \& "
;

^^\&
\, brethren, gathering to what kind of heresy
But we,
(\1*4 used to contradict him-
Marcianus3 belonged (who
&
self, not knowing what he was &^^, & ye will
saying, as \11 learn

\ ^
"
date of this Gospel : Swete put it at ..

&& ,"
A.D. 165,
165, others forty
&.&
8&
2

,^ ^^^
1)7
3

166
&^.
-
or even more years earlier.

^. 8€&
" Schwartz supposes that Serapion wrote : "

^. .
by reason of some heresy," reading exclAevev.
:
" was
\^8 halting

* The Armenian version has Marcion. But the person

here mentioned \^5

* Reading 6r,
4
was probably not the well-known heretic of
1) a leader of the Docetae at Rhossus.
Pontus, but
8$, with Schwartz.

41
.,]^
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, VI.

&;
& \
has1)6
from what 13,8
6—
VI. xii. 6—xm.

,^
),\6
&
33 . .
been written to you), were enabled' by
others who studied this very Gospel, that is,
£ , \1
18, by
1)7
)^ the
;

& &
successors of 186 those who 1)6^
began it, whom we \6call
(
^) ^[^ , , "
Docetae 2^ (for most of the ideas belong to their
—
teaching)—using [the material supplied] by \) them,

;
, ^
&^ ,&;
& \^\ §
were enabled to go through it and discover that the
most part indeed was in accordance with the true

^, )
& &.
"
teaching of the Saviour, 1>

£ \
but that some things were
\1}also we place below 1);."
§,
added, which 1)1\for your benefit."
XIII.

& ,
are preserved with us, upon which
11\^ '&*
XIII.Such are the writings of Serapion.
But of Clement the Stromateis, all &11 the eight books,
\11he bestowed the3

-
following title : "" Titus Flavius Clement's Stromateis
&(§ ,
and of [&1
:

of Gnostic Memoirs according to the True Philosophy";

equal number -!!! )1^entitled
with these are his books
'

'

^/$3,* \11
&, & &.
Hypotyposeis,4 in which he mentions Pantaenus by
name as& his teacher, and has set forth his interpreta-
\)

tions of the Scriptures and his traditions. There is

51 ,
also a book of his, the Exhortation to the Greeks, 5
§§3,
,^ 8

^ ( \<
1)1of the work entitled Paedagogus,

,
and the three books

,
and Who 3

/,^
is the Rich Man that is

,
6§8?^
$being Saved? 5 (such
),
1)1of his), and the treatise
is the title of another book
,
,,
On the Pascha, and discourses On Fasting and On
81,
Slander, and the Exhortation to Endurance, or To
the Recently Baptized,5 and the [book]
[1)1]entitled the

above.?

-0|^( , ,
the bedclothes.
1)6(3{:168. & \8£
were thus entitled, not only by
* i.e.
4

* Or "
6
.")
and Origen (see 24.

.
24.3).
'.. ' Sketches."
"
3).

^^•" ^),
& 7,68,^
Ecclesiastical Canon, or Against the Judaizers,
1)8
he has dedicated to Alexander, the bishop mentioned
^.'
5
which

Hence works of a miscellaneous character

^
1}Clement, but also by Plutarch

* Translated in Loeb Classical Library, vol. 92.

" To the Judaizers."
92.

7
B. 7 ; 11.
^8.7; 11.

43
43
. ,,
& ^
88
^ -,
, ^
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, VI.

Now in 16
VI.

the Stromateis he has

"
1&8composed a patch-

^^,
work, not only of the divine Scripture, 1)

^
writings of the Greeks £ as well, "

,^
but of the
if he thought that
.
-
XIII.

^&
4-9
4-9

.,
they also had said anything useful, and he mentions
opinions from many sources, explaining Greek and
barbarian alike,
&11,and moreover sifts the false opinions
)^1
"
^ ^
of the heresiarchs ; and unfolding much history he
§8 "
;

gives us a work of great erudition. With all

&.
11 these
"
he mingles also the opinions of philosophers, and so
1 "
8

^, ^ 8
,
, ,
he has suitably made the title of the Stromateis to
correspond to the work itself. And in them he has
"
also made use of testimonies from the disputed

,
writings, the book known as the Wisdom of Solomon,

\, ' "
and the Wisdom of Jesus the Son of Sirach, and the
"
»

^, ^ ,
Epistle to the Hebrews, and those of Barnabas, and

,
Clement, and Jude ; and he mentions Tatian's book

^
.'*
^,
&
^,^
,
^,
^8
^
;

Against the Greeks, and Cassian, since he also had

composed a chronography,' and moreover Philo and

,
Aristobulus and Josephus and Demetrius and

,
\ • ,
Eupolemus, Jewish writers, in that they would show,
all of them, in writing, that Moses and the Jewish
11

\
race went back further in their origins than the

^.
Greeks.' And the books of Clement, of which we
are speaking, are full of much other useful learning.
\1^\^
\
In the first of these he shows with reference to
)^
himself that he came very near to the successors of

\ ;

write a commentary on Genesis.4 .*

the Apostles *3 ; and he promises in them also to

And in his book On. the Pascha he professes that

^
he was compelled by his companions to commit to
2
=>
.
Ibid. 15(72.
15 (72. 4),
4), 22 (150.
(150. 1),
1), 21 (147.
(147. 9
2;; 141.
141.11ff.),
1.),23
23
(153. 4).
(153. 4).
8688 £ .
• ^.

...
Lit. "" the succession from the818."
apostles." Ibid. 11(11.3),
(11. 3),
'

6(1
quoted .
v. 11. 5.
11. 5.
• Clem.
* Strom. iii. 14
14 (95.
(9.5.2)
2) ; 1.
iv. 1
; (3. 3)
1 (3. .1818(168.
3) ; vi.
; (168.4).
4).
45
4)5
 ,.
& ,
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, VI.

\§
",
9— 55
VI. xm. 9—xiv. . .
writing traditions that he had heard from the elders

,//^
come ;
1)66 of those that should
of olden time, for the benefit
016 after ; and he mentions in it Melito and
£
&1of the

,
Irenaeus and some others, whose accounts also
& \.
(
matter he has set down.

§§ XIV. And in the Hypotyposeis, to speak briefly,

XIV. , ^,
- "

&,
&8 given concise explanations of all
he has &11 the Canonical

&^
Scriptures, not passing over even the disputed writ-
^,
ings, I mean the Epistle of Jude
)8, ^1(^ and the remaining

'.
Catholic Epistles, and the Epistle of Barnabas, and
1\
,
the Apocalypse known&8as Peter's. And as for the
)\8,
)\ ^, - , ^
)\
,
Epistle to the Hebrews, he says 8}^8 indeed that it\1 is
\
Paul's, 1)

,,
but that it was written for Hebrews in the
Hebrew tongue, and that Luke, having carefully
translated it, published it for the Greeks ; hence,
;

as a result of this translation, the same complexion

3•.
^
[], ^ , \^\ )\
of style ]'

^
is found in this Epistle and in the Acts : 1);

not prefixed. For, says he, ""in writing to Hebrews

§ ,^
^^,
who had conceived a prejudice against him and were

1\ \
." \,
:

that the [words] "" Paul an apostle "" were naturally

\
suspicious of him, he very wisely did not repel them
at the beginning )^by putting his name."
but

^
,, ,Then lower down he adds : "" But now, as the
blessed elder used to ^,

, 1§),
:

say, since the Lord, being the

)\8,
apostle of the Almighty, was sent to the Hebrews,

,^
Paul, through modesty, since he had been sent to

\§
the Gentiles, does not inscribe himself as an apostle
of the Hebrews, both to give due deference to the
Lord and because he wrote to the Hebrews also out

."
of his abundance, being a preacher and apostle of the

^
-
Gentiles."

,. ^
And again in the same books Clement has inserted
a tradition of the primitive elders with regard to the
'order of the Gospels, as follows. He said that those
47
47
 0€.80
66
,
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, VI.

\6
& <§
VI. my. 6-10
6-10 .
6 ^-
Gospels were first written which include the genealo-

^
gies,

,
1)
but that the Gospel according to Mark came

) , 8>&
^168,

1&(1 ,
into being in this manner^ : When Peter had publicly
:

preached the word at Rome, and 1) by the Spirit had

&^, ,
proclaimed the Gospel, that those present, who

,& & &^

many, exhorted Mark, as &one who 11\
\1were
\1had followed him
1§

'^&^
,. §
for a long time and remembered what

&
spoken, to make a record of what was

^ ^
\1
\1& had been
\&8 said ; and
81)1(1the Gospel among
that he did this, and distributed
;

bade .
those that asked him. And that when the matter

&"
^ , -
came to Peter's knowledge he neither strongly for-

, &
1>£ it nor urged it forward. But that John, 3\\,last
of 11,

,,
. , '
forth in the Gospels, was

, & -
and, divinely moved )^

,& ^
\&8 urged on by
8,
by the Spirit, composed a
spiritual Gospel. This is Clement's account.
\1\
And again Alexander, of whom we spoke before,'
mentions Clement, and at the same time also Pant-
^,
1),'
1)
all, conscious that the outward' facts had been set

. 1)his disciples,

\
,
&
&
1) .
aenus, in a certain letter to Origen, as

,
this also has proved to be

\& &.
\1
1) the will ,
&men who
"11\ : "" For
had been known to him. He writes as follows
\11 of God, as
knowest, that the friendship that comes to us from

^
our forefathers should remain unshaken, nay rather

\ 1)1\
:

& thou

& , , , &.
grow warmer and more stedfast. For we know as

&,
fathers those blessed ones who
\
, \1
\1 went before us, with

&
^ . ,^'
whom we shall1)

master and profited me, and all

best in 11
1§
be ere long : Pantaenus, truly blessed
:

}^
and my master, and the holy Clement, who \1was my
11 others like them.
1\
Through these I came to know thee, who art the
^, my master and1)11.
all things, and)^ brother."
" Thus
do these matters stand.

\1 -(
Nov Adamantius (for this also was
1§ ),
\8Origen's name),
when Zephyrinus was at that time ruling the church
2
2 . 17."
Lit. "" bodily." . .
* C. 11,
11, etc.

49
49
 ,.
00.80. 80, VI. xv. 10—
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY,VI. .
10--xvi. 1

\8\§&."
1

86\16
^ .

,6&^\
£of 16
the Romans, himself 8&68
states in writing somewhere
that he stayed at Rome. His words &6 "
are : " Desiring
6 ,
see the most ancient church £16
:

,
to 866 of the Romans."
After spending a short time there, he returned to

^ ^ ,
Alexandria, and indeed continued to fulfil in that city

,
his customary work of instruction with all

6§ 1)1
-^
Demetrius, the bishop of the people there, still
11 zeal,

&
^
&
\
&
^.
& £ & 1 1)§ )1
&
exhorting and wellnigh entreating him to ply

,-
diligently his task of usefulness for the brethren.
XV. But when lie saw
XV.

^ §, ^, \& becoming unable

8\ that he was
for the deeper study of divine things, namely, the
,
examination and translation of the sacred writings,

;§ \1 were
and in addition for the instruction of those who

( ,,^. ^&
coming to him and did not give him time to 1)&116breathe
(6
! ^ -),
(for one 1)1
batch of pupils after another kept frequenting

&&
,
from morn to night his lecture-room), he made a&

, \
division of the numbers. Selecting Heraclas from
&§
^, , \
among his pupils, a man who was zealous of divine

&
^ ^ &•,
things, and, as
§&
&8 well, a very learned person and no
tyro in philosophy, he gave him &a share in the task
,^^
of instruction, assigning to him the preliminary studies
of those who were ]8

. just learning their elements, and

reserving for himself the teaching of the experienced

^ ^^ ^
pupils.

\ ^,;
,
XVI.
XVI. And so accurate was the examination that

^ \)& upon the divine books,

Origen brought to bear

§ &, &&
1)18, that
he even made a thorough study of the Hebrew tongue,
&§ -
and got into his own possession the original writings
in the actual Hebrew characters, which were extant
,
among the Jews.
\^
^^8. Thus, too, he traced the editions

,
, -
of the other translators of the sacred writings besides
; &€[1
,\\ &1
lations, that of Aquila and Symmachus and Theo-
&8-
the Seventy ; and besides the beaten track of trans-

dotion, he discovered certain others, which were used

51
,
.
,
, , ^^, 1§ ,\1
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, VI. 1—
VI. xvi. 1—xvit. 11. .
in turn, which, after lying hidden for a long time, he

" &^ , \ ^ )
1)§1 to light, I know
traced and brought

,
)57( 1\§
1<•not from what
recesses. With regard to these, on account of their

. , ^ \86 in the world they were)

&
obscurity (not knowing whose

,
he merely indicated this : that the one he found at

, ,
:

Nicopolis, near Actium, and the other in such another

place. At any rate, in the Hexaplal of the Psalms,

^ 11-1\
after the four well-known editions, he placed beside
\,

1)
1) also a sixth and a. seventh
them not only a fifth but

^ .
translation ; and in the case of one of these he has

^
^ ) ^ ,^
;

indicated again that it was found at Jericho

^; ^,
&8
^^^^]1 in a jar
in the time of Antoninus the son of Severus. All
^£
11

&,
these he brought together, dividing them into clauses

'&^; . ^
and placing them one over against the other, together
&(1
\1 1
with the actual Hebrew text ; and so he has left us
the copies of the Hexapla, &
&&
,
;

as it is called. He made
a further separate arrangement of the edition of
&

&^
Aquila and Symmachus and Theodotion together
&.^
&). "
with that of the Seventy, in the Tetrapla. 2
XVII. Now as regards these same translators it is 8

, be noted that Symmachus \&

to 1)
who 1)1^
;^ ),
was an Ebionite. Those
belong to the heresy of the Ebionites, as it is
called, affirm that the Christ was 1) ^11
\&8 born of Joseph and
&,
& ,
-
Mary, and suppose Him to 1) &,
be a mere man, and
8§1}
\- )
strongly maintain that the law ought to be kept in a

\1
^ .,
& , ,
^^ .^
^\11 fashion, as also we saw some-
more strictly Jewish
where from the foregoing history. 3 And memoirs_

,
. .,
too of Symmachus are still extant, in which, by \) his
opposition to the Gospel according to Matthew, he
seems to hold the above-mentioned heresy. These,
1§ \1
(5)
36
^,
(5) Septuagint, (6)
^ i.e.
2
., \&
,,
along with other interpretations of the Scriptures by
the Hebrew into Greek letters, (3)
(6) Theodotion.
(3) Aquila, (4)

the Hexapla with columns (1)

(1) and (2)
(3) omitted.
)
(4) Symmachus,

3
*.iii. 27.
27. 2.
2.
53
53
. ,
, , 16books
turn the
XVIII.

,
^•
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, VI.

".
from a certain Juliana,
^1^£{, who,

68 " &,^
1— 11
VI. xvii. 1—xuc.

\1, he says,
. .
&
Symmachus, Origen indicates that he had received
16
88, inherited in her
1)18from Symmachus himself.
8
XVIII. At this time also Ambrose, who
)
\1 held the
\8 refuted by the
views of the heresy of Valentinus,' was
> ^,
-, .&^^, ^^'
truth as
&8 presented by Origen, and, as3if his mind were
\66
8
&
^
illuminated )^ by light, gave his adhesion to the true
doctrine &

,, &
as taught )^
by the Church. And many other

& ,£
&' \16, &
cultured persons, since Origen's fame was noised

)8
abroad everywhere, came to him to make trial of the
man's sufficiency in the sacred )]8.

,,
books. And numbers
of the heretics, and not a few of the most distinguished

^ §&\
philosophers, gave earnest heed to him, and, one

,& ^
philosophy&8

\ ^
might almost say,
&), were instructed by
as\11
well&8 ^. 1) him in secular
as in divine things. For he used
}^ £
to introduce also to the study of philosophy as

& & &^

& many

^, ^
, ^ .^
^ ;
^(3, imparting geometry
as he saw were naturally gifted,

^
\
and arithmetic and the other preliminary subjects,
and then leading them on to the systems which are
&(1

^&&
§§
)^^,
found among philosophers, giving a detailed account
"
of their treatises, commenting upon and examining

&
into each, so that the man was proclaimed as a& great
&

^
^ && ^,
philosopher even among the Greeks themselves. And

^
.
many persons also of a more ignorant character he

^
urged to take up the ordinary elementary studies,

& \1
declaring that they would derive no small advantage
&
from these when they came to examine and study

&}^ . &^
the divine Scriptures. For this reason he deemed

,\, \8 :, &- £
especially necessary even for himself a training in
secular and philosophic studies.
XIX.
XIX. Now, &8
\
as witnesses also to his achievements in
this direction, we have the Greek philosophers them-
selves who flourished in his day, in whose treatises
I A Gnostic of the 2(1
^ .
2nd century: see iv. 11.
11. 1.
1.

55
55
,.,,
\
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, VI.
VI. xix. 1-5

"
1-5

&,
.
; £60[6mention of the man. Sometimes
we find frequent

,^ ^ ,,
\^
they would dedicate their books
1)8
1)18to him, sometimes

& ]§6,
submit their own labours to him for judgement, as

^ ,
&8
&6,
&§&,
-
to a3. master. But why need
66(1 \1€even
one say this, when
Porphyry,' who settled in our day in Sicily, issued
treatises against us, attempting in them to slander
6 \1had

, &&^86(1Scriptures, and mentioned those who

the sacred
given their interpretations of them ?? And since he
, ^&
§. , ,&
&§6
£&
by any means 1)§
could not 1) bring any base
1)6charge against
our opinions, for lack of argument he turned to deride
1(6
& &§
and slander their interpreters also, and among these

,&,^.
6 ^^^^
Origen especially. He says that in his early manhood
he had known him ; and he tries to slander the
16 ;

}^
but unknown to himself really commends him, telling
1)111

&,
,
the truth in some cases, where he could not speak
^:
\166he thought he
otherwise, in others telling lies, where
&,
16man,

could escape detection ; and at one time accusing

^&^ \ §,,
;

him as & a Christian, at another describing his devotion

)^"
to the study of philosophy.

--
But hear the very words that he uses : ""Some, in
:

their eagerness to find an explanation of the wicked-

^6\
ness of the Jewish writings rather than give them up, ,
had recourse to interpretations that are incompatible

6§ \\
and do not harmonize with what has been written,
>^,
^^ ^
offering not so much a defence of what was outlandish

,^,
as commendation and praise of their own work. For
3.8

they boast that the things said plainly by )^Moses

."
are riddles, treating them as divine oracles full of
1)\§ ^§-
, ,
hidden mysteries, and bewitching the mental judge-
ment by their own pretentious obscurity ; and so;

they put forward their interpretations."

9
'&8^66 ^ . &,
Then, after other remarks, he 8)^8
^&;
says : "" But this
:

\1
who composed a lengthy treatise against Christianity, which
was answered 1)
\&8 6)8
by Eusebius himself.
57
57
 0€.80. ,
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, VI.
VI. xix. 5-9
5-9

& \1§
.
"
&1)(17 must be
kind of absurdity

&, ^
1)6 traced to a man whom I

&
" ^. /
\1€ I was
met when

& 1)6 ,
has been
\& still quite

^ ^
0[6 young,
,
)^§, who had a great
^," "
reputation, and still holds it, because
1)6&8 of the writings
he has left behind him, I mean Origen, whose fame
1>66 widespread among the teachers of this kind
of learning. For this man was

^& ,
"
\&a hearer of Ammonius,'
who had the greatest proficiency in philosophy in our
day ; and so far as& ^& 1\6§6
&8a grasp of knowledge was con- -
^&
^
& -^
;

066
cerned 16he owed much to his master, but 1) as regards
.
the right choice in life he took the opposite road to
1&, 1)§1 up in

^
him. For Ammonius was a Christian, brought

^ ^,
01& &68, ,
&^
Christian doctrine )

^& & " ^

^, \ "
by his parents, yet, when he began
to think and study philosophy, he immediately
&
Origen, a Greek educated in Greek learning, drove
1)&)& recklessness ; and making
headlong towards barbarian
1)6§&

1)
changed his way of life conformably to the laws ; but
&^, ;

8&§1
) 1
;

straight for this he hawked himself and his literary

\
^ ,
\11his manner of life was Christian
skill about ; and while

^^
;

^ .
and contrary to the law,
1\, in his opinions about material

\^
^ ,^
things and the Deity he played the Greek, and
introduced ^^61^

' ^^, ,
\ -
Greek ideas into foreign fables. For he
\1
was always consorting with Plato, and was conversant

,, ^
with the writings of Numenius and Cronius, Apollo-
phanes and Longinus and Moderatos, Nicomachus

^
and the distinguished men among the Pythagoreans ;
and he used also the books of Chaeremon the Stoic

^
and Cornutus, from whom he learnt the figurative

^ ^ . ^," )8,
interpretation, as employed in the Greek mysteries,
^811 writings."
and applied it to the Jewish
;

\6
^

in .. 243.
A.D. 243.
, ,§
These statements were made \)

' (
by Porphyry in the
third treatise of his writings against Christians. And

,^ ,
while he tells the truth about the man's training and
Ammonius Saccas, an Alexandrian philosopher, the
\1 is said to have died
teacher of Longinus and I'lotinus, who

59
59
,.
6,
, *ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, VI.

erudition, he clearly
VI. xix. 9-13

(
9-13 .
163,1) lies (for what is the opponent
" Christians not prepared to do ?)?) where he says

^
of
-^ ^, &^.
&
&;

\1^ •
& &
&^
&, ^
Ammonius lapsed from a godly

&'
that Origen came over from the Greeks, and that
§1^ life
1£ into paganism.
For Origen kept safely the Christian teaching
which he had from his parents, as & the history above
^
made clear 1^ ; and Ammonius maintained his inspired
11) ."
;

philosophy pure and unshaken right up to the very

\1
, ,\§8 \\8
1) ," & &.
end of his life. 2 To this fact the man's works witness
to the present day, and the widespread fame that
he owes to the writings he left behind him, as,

-&& &, for

^
example, that entitled On the Harmony of Moses
^,
^ "^'
and Jesus, and all 11 the other works that are to be
found in the possession of lovers of literature.

^
\)

,^
' ^.
1-
Let these things be 1) stated to prove at once the
§&
-^& 11\
false one's calumny and Origen's great knowledge
^&
^
of Greek learning. With regard to such learning
also he writes &
-
as follows in a certain epistle, defending

& ,
himself against those who found fault with him for

,
,
his zeal in that direction : "" But as&8 I was devoted to
3 &-
^
:

the word, and the fame of our proficiency was spread-

§
^, ^
ing &1)&(1,
abroad, there approached me sometimes heretics,
&^,
sometimes those conversant with Greek learning, and

,
especially philosophy, and I thought it right to

;^ . ^ &
examine both the opinions of the heretics, and also

,^ &,,
the claim that the philosophers make to speak

& , , - \ 11\
concerning truth. And in doing this we followed the
1) ,
example of Pantaenus, who, before us, was
&0€[
\&118
\& of assist-
ance to many, and had acquired no small attainments
&
in these matters, and also Heraclas, who now has a
\1
seat in the presbytery of the Alexandrians, whom I
^1

6)8
}^
*2

:
2.
2. 7
7 ff.
1.
Eusebius is ..
18 mistaken here. Ammonius Saccas was
certainly not &a Christian in later life.
^
61
61
 ,.,
&,^
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, VI.
VI. lax. 13-17
13-17 .

,. ^'
^& \" £
found with the teacher of philosophy, and who \1had
remained five )6&8years with him 1)66
before I began to
attend his
13 lectures. And though he 16formerly wore
ordinary
^(^^&^^dress, on his teacher's account he put it off

, ^^^&3(1
and assumed a philosophic garb,1
^),^which he keeps to
.",
,, ,^
this day, all the while studying Greek books

,§.
as
\ -,
88 possible."

^
61
1)18as much
This, indeed, is what he wrote in defence of his
Greek training. But at this time, while he was
"
living at Alexandria, one of the military appeared
£

on the scene and delivered letters to Demetrius, the

1)1£
"
^)
bishop of the community, and to the then governor
^, ^,
^.
£
1
.
to the intent that he should send Origen with all \
of the province of Egypt, from the ruler of Arabia,

, £
speed for an interview with him. He duly arrived
\), 1)soon accomplished the object of his
in Arabia, but
^^7
^^^\ ^
).
journey thither, and returned again to Alexandria.

,
But after the lapse of some time no small warfare 2^
1>1

, [
broke out again in the city, and leaving Alexandria

^,
secretly he went to Palestine and abode at Caesarea.
And although he had not yet

. ^^
}^received ordination to
the presbyterate, the bishops there requested him to

, ^, •\
. ^
discourse and expound the divine Scriptures publicly

^^1, -
in the church. That this is so is clear from what
Alexander, the bishop of Jerusalem, and Theo-
ctistus, the bishop of Caesarea, write with reference

,
to Demetrius. They make their defence somewhat

^ ^ 11\
as follows : "" And he added to his letter that such a

§^. &
:

,
thing had never been heard of, nor taken place
hitherto, that laymen should preach in the presence

&
of bishops ; though I do not know how he comes to
;

1
^ 666 3 to the distinctive mantle of the Greek
The reference is
.
philosophers, called in Latin pall iuni. Cf.
/, iv. 11.
11. S.
8.
88&0£
^ This was no doubt the massacre of the inhabitants of

&&&
2

Alexandria by Caracalla in . . 215.

A.D. 215.
ti3
<)3
00.80. ,.
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, VI.
VI. x1X. 18—
18—xx. 3

&,
. .

,
say what 18is evidently not true. For instance, where

&
8&7 \1&1;
66 1)61,
there are found persons suited to help the brethren,

,
. , ,
they also are invited to preach to the people 1)
holy 1)8, ,£
Neon, and in Iconium Paulinus by

^
Synnada Theodore 1))^ 1)18(1*11
by the
bishops, as, for example, in Laranda Euelpis by

by Atticus, our blessed'brother

bishops. And it is18likely that this thing happens in
\)
))^ Celsus, and in

&1 \11;
other places also 1\^
without our knowing ." it."

\^,
^£11\-
we are
^
In this way honour was
\11 he was
3,6 speaking, while

^
^§,
£
\&8 paid to the man of whom
\& still young, not only
by

,,
\) his fellow-countrymen 1)

, \ &.
recalled him 1)^

• \ . 1)
by letter, and by
but also by
\} the bishops
in a. foreign land. But since Demetrius once again

^ \)men who were deacons

of the Church urged him to come back 1)1 with speed
to Alexandria, he returned and continued to labour

&
with his accustomed zeal.

.^ /[(1&-^,
XX. Now there flourished at that time many
XX.

&&
learned churchmen, and the letters which \11 they
penned to one another are still extant and easily
1)
accessible. They have been preserved even to our

.^ ,
day in the library at Aelia,' equipped by 1)7Alexander,
then ruling the church there ; from which also &1 we\
. ,
;

1) §11
&&
have been able &1)1 ourselves to gather together the

,
material for our present work.
&
.
"
1)61
1)1
Of these Beryllus has left behind him, as & well
letters, varied and beautiful compositions. He was
3,1)
bishop of the Arabians at Bostra. And likewise
1}^,2
Hippolytus,' \1
\11 as

11:\also
&3
^&8

-^.
somewhere.
&
who also presided over another church

\^
who \8

^^ ,^
was the ^6&65

regarding him have been rife in modern1168.

. ..
&6 c.
are
..
. 235.
A.D. 160 to c.

vim. II
II
235.
D
£
And there has reached us also a Dialogue of Gaius,

greatest scholar of the Western Church in the

&
^^^1:^ and controversy
first three centuries, although conjecture
- times. His dates

65
.^,,
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, VI.

^ "61}^8),
in the time of
"
of the heresy

,
(\ 18
3—
VI. xx. 3—xxi.

8 -^^
& very learned person (which \8
44 .
was set a-going at Rome
Zephyrinus), with Proclus the champion
£ ^^&.^
166) of the Phrygians.' In which,
curbing the recklessness and audacity of his

^
\11,when"
opponents in composing new Scriptures, he mentions )
"
.

18 \

)§
6^ § "
only thirteen epistles of the holy Apostle, not

& )\8
numbering the Epistle to the Hebrews with the
rest ; seeing that even to this day among the Romans
&
^
;

'. \1
there are some who do not consider it to be 1) the

&
Apostle's.

& &\1 1
XXI. But indeed when Antoninus had reigned for
seven years and six months he was succeeded by

,^ 8 & , -
^. &
Macrinus 2^ j and when he had continued in office for
;
3
\)

^ 8,* &.,^
a year, again another Antoninus ' received the Roman

,
&
government. In the first year of the latter, Zephy-
rinus, the bishop of the Romans,' departed this life,

-
having held the ministry for eighteen entire years.

. ,
After him Callistus \3,8 \}
was entrusted with the epis-
copate ; he survived five years and then left the
;

&
ministry to Urban.

.
After this the Emperor Alexander succeeded to

&180

& \,,
"
the principate of the Romans, Antoninus having
&.
continued in office for only four years. At this time

^' ' &

also Philetus succeeded Asclepiades in the church
&^

^
"
of the Antiochenes.

^ \ ^ .
,
,
Origen's fame was now universal, so &

^ ^
^
ears of the Emperor's mother, Mamaea by
religious woman if ever there\&
as to reach the
1) name, a

^&,
was one. She set great

. \ ^
store on securing a sight of the man, and on testing
\& the
.
that understanding of divine things which was
wonder of&11.
all. She was then staying at Antioch, and
\1
ummoned him to her presence with a military escort.
.
3
1
1 © 1\
. 25.
See ii. 25. 6,
Generally known as ^.
6, and note.
& Elagabalus.
2
" ..
A.D. 217.
.. 222.
* A.D. 222.

67
.
&
,
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, VI.

\1
,^ & ^ &£
VI. xxi. . 4—.
And when he had stayed with her for some time, and
3^^
shown16

. ^, £
\66for the glory
her very many things that were
,§\
22

,
)f the Lord and the excellence of the divine teaching,
6 \)\to his accustomed duties.
m hastened back
1),
, & ^-
\&
^ &^
XXII.
XXII. At that very time also Hippolytus, besides

^
1)668
rery many other memoirs, composed the treatise On

^
he Pascha, in which he sets forth a register of the
\}€

^ \(1
&,^
imes and puts forward a certain canon of a& sixteen-
"

&^ &" "

,, .,^,, ^^ ^
^6&
rears cycle for the Pascha, using the first year of the

.
"Imperor Alexander as

•&
& a3. terminus in measuring his
11\§
lates. Of his other treatises the following have
•eached us : On the Hexaemeron, 1 On what followed

?8 /
:

§3 8§, On
he Hexaemeron, Against Marcion, On the Song,
°arts of Ezekiel, On the Pascha, Against All the
/
88 &
. &^^& ), ^'
Veresies ; and very

;&
;

)reserved \)
7 many others also might be
by many people.
1) found

XXIII. Starting from that time also Origen's

)1
:ommentaries on the divine Scriptures had their
)|^^,

^&^,
)eginning, \,
at the instigation of Ambrose, who \1 not
)nly plied him with innumerable verbal exhortations
)1}
-
\ && &.
and encouragements,1) but also provided him un-
\;

,& , >§
tintingly with what was necessary. For as 3, he
lictated there were ready at hand more than seven
;11-\,
&
horthancl-writers,\}

.;& ,
imes, and as
who relieved each other at fixed
& many copyists, as well as
\1
& girls skilled

^
.
n penmanship ; for all
; &11 of whom Ambrose supplied

&, 1
^
vithout stint the necessary means. Nay »)^ further, he
:ontributed to Origen a vast amount of zeal in the

^ .
;3,
:ompose his commentaries.
8
\11more
:arrest study of the divine oracles, a zeal which
£
han anything else acted as an incentive to him to
!6 " Creation.
i.e. the Six Days of
1 ..
-.
69
.88. 80, . . 3—

^.
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, VI.
VI. xxm. 3—xxiv. S
3

, ^&,&8[1}]6 "
Such was the state of affairs when
1)1 "
&
ceeded Urban, who had been
8-
\16 Pontianus suc-
1)6 bishop of the church of

^&^- 1)^
^" 37
the Romans for eight years, and Zebennus came after

&
, & ^
, )
^&
1)
8[1)1]
Philetus as [bishop] of the [church] of the Antiochenes.
In their day Origen journeyed to Greece through
Palestine because of an urgent necessity in Church

;& .
"
matters, and received the laying-on of hands for the
presbyterate at Caesarea from the bishops there.

&1 &^,
The agitation that was \&8 set on foot concerning him on

^ ,
this account, and the decisions made by \1
)^ those who
presided over the churches on the matters agitated,
& \11
as well &as the other contributions that he made as & he
•&
was reaching his prime to the study of the divine
\,
^
[] {
(][
Word, require a separate composition, and we have

1>11.

[]&
&
behalf.

^
XXIV.
&\
^ $5 1 -
\\ account of them in the second
given 3,a fairly full
8
[book] of the Apology that we have written on his

XXIV. But to that information it is necessary to

add that in the sixth of his Expositions on the
[Gospel] according to John he indicates that he com-
posed the first five while he was\&8 still at Alexandria ;

^- ] & .
\11 of the selfsame Gospel
but of this work on the whole
only twenty-two tomes have come our way. And
;

[ ( \1
[we must &1
38
&]
also state] that in the ninth of those On

-
Genesis (there are twelve in all)

[1)
1\
&11) he shows that not

&(&,
&, , , .
andria, 1)

-.
,,
^-
,
only were those before the ninth written at

^ ,
mentions also those On the Resurrection, of which
1
there are two. Moreover he wrote his De Principiis
1)
),8\
. Alex-
but also [his commentary] on the first twenty-

, ^
five Psalms, and, as well, those on Lamentations, of
which there have come to us five tomes. In these he

\
before his removal from Alexandria, and he composed
868,
[1)1] entitled Stromaleis, ten in number, in
the [books]
the same
\1
83,016 city in the reign of Alexander, as is shown

71
 , .
€€.80.
. ^^& &
VI. xxiv. 33—xxv. 2
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, VI. —

"
.

\,&
by
\) the annotations in his own hand in front of the
tomes.
\
^XXV. Now while expounding the first Psalm he
XXV.

^ 6\1 868
"
set forth the catalogue of the sacred Scriptures of the
861;

11\
&16& )6
Old Testament, writing somewhat as follows in these
words : "" But it should be known that there are
;\6)-1;\
:

twenty-two canonical 1)18, 6)6\

books, according to the Hebrew

& ^
tradition ; the same as
their alphabet."
1€
,
3.11&1)6."
; & the number of the letters of
Then further on he adds as

,,,,
\6-\
the twenty-two books
\1
:

6)6\':
1)18 according to the Hebrews
&6
&8 follows : "" These are

,
:

&
6)0\,
,
That which 18

,
,
'
is entitled with us Genesis, 1)

16€are
that is, These '
1)6§§ of the book,
Hebrews, from the beginning

.^
but with the
1)1,Bresith,
1)6§§.'Exodus, Ouelle smoth,
that is In the beginning.'
&.'
3,6the names.' Leviticus, Ouikra,
&.' )68, 1
*

&),
And he called.' Numbers, Ammes phekOdeim.

, .^.
^
-.' ^
Deuteronomy, E]le addebareim, These &6

,
^1^^§,

.'
,
,)
,, ,
Kingdoms ,i, ,

, .'
,
words.' Jesus the son of Nave, Iesoue ben

,
^
Judges, Ruth, with them in one book,
'
are the
1)noun.
)1^, Sephteim.a Of
ii, with them one, Samuel, The called
of God.' Of Kingdoms iii, iv, in one, Ouammelch
*

,
, ,

.
, ,
.
&; ,

.
^ §,,
^
&
david, that is, The kingdom of David.' Chronicles
,
&, &, , .'
'

ii, in one, Dabre iamein, that is, Words of days.'

.
Esdras ,i, ,

.
'
&8.'
ii, in one, Ezra, that is, Helper.' Book of
'

Psalms, Sphar thelleim. Proverbs of Solomon,

Meloth. Ecclesiastes, Keelth. Song of Songs (not,

.", ,,.. ,
» ^),
as some suppose, Songs of Songs), Sir assireim.
^^1^\1
Esaias, lessia. Jeremiah with Lamentations and the
.6,
(;,

&
Letter, in one, ^^1&.Jeremia. Daniel, Daniel. Ezekiel,
Ezekiel. Job,
3\), Job.
3\). Esther, Esther. And outside

\^
^ i.e. (book) of the precepts " or ""£
.. " fifth (1^1^) *'
of the mustered
."
1

men."
2
* 1}6\word meaning "" ^§8."
A transliteration of the Hebrew judges."

73
73
 .^ ,,^^
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, VI.

these there

^£6
Sar beth sabanai el."

,, & ^
86.
VI. xxv. 2-7

166 are the Maccabees,

)6-61
86
[^]
2-7

166 things he inserts in the above-mentioned

These
treatise. But in the first of his

& *.
.
&1)668,which are entitled

18 [Commentaries] on
the Gospel according to Matthew, defending the canon
;

" §€
6\
of the Church, he gives his testimony that he knows

&\§
,
only four Gospels, writing somewhat as

& ^&
-,
". .. as&
". . .
&8follows:
13.§learnt by1)tradition concerning the
having
&
four Gospels, which alone are unquestionable in the

\ ,
-
Church of God under heaven, that first was
111\, who
that according to Matthew,
\1:
\{ written
\1 was once a& tax-

^
,
&
\1
1)1,
^
' ,
collector 1>

believe, composed as it \&

^,^ ,, ^, , \1
&
"
but afterwards an apostle of Jesus
£ \1 from ^(1^8^
who published it for those who
)\
, \
^818 Christ,
Judaism came to
&^^.
was in the Hebrew language.
Secondly, that according to Mark, who wrote it in
\1
accordance with Peter's instructions, whom also Peter
acknowledged as his son in the catholic epistle,
speaking in these terms : ' She that is in Babylon,

, :
'

elect together with you, saluteth you ; and so doth

&^ & .[ .'

;

Mark my son.' And thirdly, that according to Luke,

who wrote, for those who from the Gentiles [came to
^^."
1)1], the Gospel that was praised)by Paul. After
believe],
\

3£ 8$
them all,
&11, that according to John."
And in the fifth of his Expositions on the Gospel

\,
according to John the same person says this with \1
reference to the epistles of the apostles : "" But he

, 1)
,^
:

"
\
who \&8

&,
was made sufficient to become &a minister of the
new covenant, not of the letter but
)^
1) of the spirit, even
\1 fully preached the Gospel from ^^8&1I
Paul, who Jerusalem

"
much &
£
£)
and round about even unto Illyricum, did not so
as write to all
&11 the churches that he taught ;

;
>1
, 8
1
and even to those to which he wrote he sent but
"\
1>;a. few
of the first word in the text, and so it would represent "The
" ^."
history of the house of the warriors."
75
,. ,
. ,
,& &§&
^,.,^
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, VI.
VI. xxv. 8-18

built, against which the gates

1)1,
8-13 .
&,
lines. And Peter, on whom the Church of Christ is
" Hades shall not
§£68 of

\
prevail, has left one acknowledged epistle, and, it
may 1)6,
be, a second also ; for it is doubted. Why need
;

" him who leaned back

13

,
I speak of ^68' breast,
\)\ on Jesus' 1)63,,
John, &
\1 has left behind one Gospel, confessing that
^11, who
"
he
16 could write so &}
8 many that even the world itself
\6
could not contain them ; and he wrote also the
;

Apocalypse, 1)6§being ordered to keep silence and not

\1
to write the voices£
\,, & ;
of seven thunders? ? He has left

86
§.
16,
^
also an epistle "

^,
of 3.a very few lines, and, it may be,
second and a third ; for not all say that these are
genuine. Only, the two
^."
hundred lines long."
;

&
1)6, a

1\ of them together are not a

Furthermore, he thus discusses the Epistle to the

£
' , ,§,-
)6\8, in his Homilies upon it : "" That the character
Hebrews, :

3\8
of the diction of the epistle entitled To the Hebrews
&8
has not the apostle's rudeness in speech, who \1 con-

, ^
fessed himself rude in speech, that is,

, ^1\1^ \§,
1)
, in style, but
that the epistle is better Greek in the framing of its

.
diction, \11
will 1)
be admitted by
1)
•\1 is able to
)^ everyone who
^,
discern differences of style. But again, on the other
8

,^ ^]^ ." \
hand, that the thoughts of the epistle are admirable,
and not inferior to the acknowledged writings of the
apostle, to this also everyone will\11 consent as true who

, -^ ^',,\
has given attention to reading the apostle."
, 11\§
Further on, he adds the following remarks : "" But
:

'^,
as for myself, if I were to state my own opinion, I
should say that the thoughts are the apostle's, but
that the style and composition belong to one who
\6,
called to mind the apostle's teachings and, as it were,
77
 ,
,,,&,.
ECCLES. HISTORY, VI.
VI. xxv. 13—
XXV. 3—xxvin. .
356 &.
&, &
made short notes of what his master said. If
1

" any
. \ .
church, therefore, holds this epistle & as Paul's, let it be
1)6
commended for this also. For not without reason
"
16
&§,
have 16
But \1

, ,
the men of old time handed it down as Paul's.
\6
who wrote 16

\ & \ ,&,
\ , ." .\
\11 has reached us [is twofold],
the account which
1\.
the epistle, in truth God knows. Yet
[ \£1],some
"
saying that Clement, who was bishop of the Romans,
wrote the epistle, others, that it was Luke, he who
wrote the Gospel and the Acts."

,
\ ^
^
, ^
,3 -&
XXVI.
Now it \&

.
&1)-
XXVI. But this must suffice on these matters.
£
was in the tenth year of the above-mentioned
reign ^1 that Origen removed from Alexandria to

-
Caesarea, leaving to Heraclas the Catechetical School
£ &6£8
, ^.
1§
for those in the city. And not long afterwards

^
Demetrius, the bishop of the church of the Alex-

&. \
&
^ ,
andrians, died, having continued in the ministry for
forty-three entire years. He was succeeded by
Heraclas.
&,
XXVII. Now at this time Firmilian, bishop of
XXVII.

" , & \ 1)1

Caesarea in Cappadocia, was distinguished ; he dis-
1 ^, ; <3-
1)

\
,
played such esteem for Origen, that at one time he
1)

] , ,
& ^. \1 ^^ \ \ -
would summon him to his own parts for the benefit of

[] ^^11,
; ^&£,
the churches ; at another, journey himself to Judaea,

,
and spend some time with him for his own betterment

, ^-
in divine things. Nay further, Alexander, who pre-

(, . \ '
sided over the [church] of Jerusalem, and Theoctistus,

. &,
[\1
[who presided] at Caesarea, continued their attend-
ance on him the \11
whole time, &
as their only teacher, and
used to concede to him the task of expounding the
divine Scriptures, and the other parts of the Church's
instruction.
XXVIII. But to resume. When Alexander the
XXVIII.
A
^ ..
A.D. 232.
232.

79
 .,
&, . .
ECCLES. HISTORY, VI. 1—
VI. xxviii. 1—xxix. 33

&, ', §,:

£
£6
Emperor of the Romans had 1)^1

&.^ ,
brought his principate to
&
an end after thirteen years, he was succeeded by
Maximin Caesar.' He, through ill-will
house of Alexander, since 1
11-\11towards the
£
)^

it consisted for the most

being

6)6 & )€&

(^
.
part of believers,

^ ^
leaders of 16

\ ,
1)666, raised a persecution, ordering the
the Church alone to be put to death, as

^,
1)6§ responsible for 16 6&1^
the teaching of the Gospel.
Then also Origen composed his work On Martyrdom,
dedicating 16 6&6
the treatise to Ambrose and Protoctetus, a
0&{6& ; for in the
presbyter of the community at Caesarea
persecution no ordinary distress had befallen
;

1)6&16 them
3

^
^ ,,
both,
1)1, in which distress it is recorded that these men

&
,. &88
.
6 ^ ^, &
.
were distinguished for the confession they made
during the period, not more than three years, that
6§
the reign of Maximin lasted. Origen has noted this
particular time for the persecution, in the twenty-

,^,
second of his Expositions /"
\1-
of the Gospel according to
,Tohn, and in various letters.
;^
XXIX. Gordian having succeeded to the Roman
government after Maximin,2 Pontianus, when he had
1) 1)1
&,
^&, was

,
been bishop of the church of Rome for six years,

, &. &
succeeded 1)

&
by Anteros ; who
for a month, and was

,\1
; \1 exercised his ministry

&
^& succeeded1)by Fabian. It is8
said that Fabian, after the death of Anteros, came

, &§

^
from the country along \11 with others and stayed at

, ^ \\'1he came to the office in a most miraculous

Roine, where

\
manner, thanks to the divine and heavenly grace.

^
For when the brethren were all
§&.
11 assembled for the

,, , ' .•
purpose of appointing him who should succeed to the

&, &,
episcopate, and very many notable and distinguished
persons were in the thoughts of many, Fabian, who
was there, came into nobody's mind. But all of a
\&8
\1
1\down from above
sudden, they relate, a dove flew &1) and
1 .. 235.
A.D.
2
2 .. 238.
A.D.

81
 ., . .; 8
VI. xxix. 33—
ECCLES. HISTORY, VI. xxxi. 11 —

by
;

^
&, ,
settled on his head,
"

^ ^, ,
6
.
16(1,in clear imitation of the descent

\166 \6
"
of the Holy Ghost in the form of a dove upon the
Saviour ; whereupon the whole people, &8
1)7 one divine inspiration, with all
^," \1
£moved
as if
11 eagerness and with

&
&
3,
one soul cried out "" worthy," and without more ado

,&
took him and placed him on the episcopal throne.

^ 1)8
At that very time also Zebennus, bishop of Antioch,

&,
,
departed this life and Babylas succeeded to the rule ;
and in Alexandria, Heraclas, having received the

^'.^
&
ministry after Demetrius, was succeeded in the
;

^
Catechetical School there by

\
\) Dionysius, who \1had

^
also 1)66
been one of Origen's pupils.

. ^ ,
& &, )8 ,
XXX. Now while Origen was
XXX.

§
tasks at
\£plying his accustomed
3.1 Caesarea, many came to him, not only of

, \ \ 1\
Theodore, \1
,^, §7&
1)also numbers of foreign pupils who
the natives, but

.-, §^
had left their own countries. Among these as
especially distinguished we know to have been
who was the selfsame person &
&8

as that
renowned bishop in our day, Gregory, and his brother
Athenodore. Both of them were strongly enamoured
of Greek and Roman studies, 1) but Origen instilled into
\1

them a passion for philosophy and urged them to

13§
^ . ^',
exchange their former love for the study of divine
,^
truth.1 Five whole years they continued with him,
and made such progress in divine things that while
7§
\1
\}1

. *
still young 1)1;1
both of them were deemed worthy of
the episcopate in the churches of Pontus.

,\ ^,
XXXI. At that time Africanus &1, also, the author of
the 1)1\
&
^. &^ &
^
,^
books entitled Cesti,2 was \11
& 1\.
well known. A letter
of his, written to Origen, is extant ; he was at a loss
;

as to whether the story of Susanna in the book

&8

^, Gregory, Pan. .
1)1of
^1

*2 i.e.
£
vi. 78,
78, 83,
^," 83, 84.
84.

,"
.. "" embroidered girdles," indicating the varied nature
cf. "" Stromateis," 13.
of the contents of the work : /.
: 13. 1.
1.

83
83
 .,
ECCLES. HISTORY, VI. 1— . .
VI. xxxi. 1—xxxii.

^
33

31 -
Daniel \66were a spurious £§&. &168 a
forgery. Origen makes
very £11 .
full reply to it. And of the same 8&6Africanus

&,^ ^ ^ ^
8 "
there have reached
1166
§$,
6&16(1 us as
graphies, a monument of 1&1)
&: & &.
&8 well five books of Chrono-
labour and accuracy. In
these he16 says
&&
&78 that he himself made a journey to
"
Alexandria because of the great
\
£
§68, fame of Heraclas ;
;

\1,

&
who, 3,8
as we have stated,' was greatly distinguished

.3 &^,

^,&
for philosophy 3. and other Greek learning, and was
entrusted \^11
&
with the bishopric of the church there.
And another letter of the same Africanus is extant,
1)\
to Aristides, On the supposed discord between the
&,
\ -
,.
Genealogies of Christ in Matthew and Luke. In it

^ , •1
he establishes very clearly the harmony of the evan-

.€8.§;,." ,\
by

18
book of the present work.'
^
gelists from an account that came down to him, which
1)) anticipation I set forth in the proper place in the
first 1)1
XXXII. And Origen too at this time was composing
his Commentaries on Isaiah, and at the same time

,
those also on Ezekiel. Of the former, thirty tomes
have come our way on the third part of Isaiah, up to

, ,. ^ 1)
the vision of the beasts in the desert ; and on Ezekiel
\,
-
;

five and twenty, the only ones that he has written

on the whole prophet. And having come at that

^
^
^ ^.^,
time to Athens, he finished the commentary on

,^ ^
Ezekiel, and began that on the Song of Songs,

^ '\ - ,
carrying it forward there up to the fifth book. And

. \
returning to Caesarea he brought these also to an
end, numbering ten. Why should one draw up the

^
exact catalogue of the man's works here and now,

" 3.
1 2 ; 15;
3. 2
; ;
\1 [\
seeing that such would require a special study? ? And
15 19.
19. 13
13 f.
; £. ; 26.
26.
2
» i.. 7.
7.
85
 88
€€
^
€
Ey/pc:it/Fa/Lev Irri
, ,-
EUSEBIUS

€*
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p,f3Awo4wri s. Tan

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XXXIII.
^,
^^.

,, -
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^, '
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-
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412.6s- of 7Tpeaf375Tepot, a Kal 77"ap4CIEGV tkOL 8C WC
86
86
8,
«'
€.. ,
' ,
. .
ECCLES. HISTORY, VI.

,
3—
VI. xxxu. 3—xxxiii.

,
44

we did record it in our account of the life of Pamphilus,

the

&^ §
that holy martyr of our day, in which, in showing

quoted as evidence the 188

1)§
^. 1\1
£
16 extent of Pamphilus's zeal for divine things,
15&
8\'^
1§8, I
lists in the library that he
"
had brought together of the works of Origen and of

\
. ^
other ecclesiastical writers ; and from these anyone
\1 1&68
who
;

"
pleases can gather the fullest knowledge of the
.
works of Origen that have reached us. But we must

^, ,
\
"

^ '
now proceed with

( §8 ^ -^ ;
&, -
-
\11 our history.

1)1
\
XXXIII. Beryllus, who, as we have mentioned a
)/ \>,
little above,' was bishop of Bostra in Arabia, per-
verting the Church's standard, attempted to intro-
&,
\ 1) ^
duce things foreign to the faith, daring to say that

^
our Saviour and Lord did not pre-exist in an individual

,
^ &' ^ \,
existence of His own before His coming to reside
& . (^^
among men, nor had He a divinity of His own, but \, 1)

& 1)
after a large

^ ., ,
, - \ &
\11§
only the Father's dwelling in Him. Whereupon,
&
^ ," &, ^, ^
1&§ number of bishops had held questionings
and discussions with the man, Origen, being invited

,
along \11with others, entered in the first place into
conversation with the man to discover what

persuading him 1)
truth as
\&
1\
opinions, and when he knew what it was
asserted, he corrected what was
&^,
\^
\&1 were his
\& unorthodox, and,
by reasoning, established him in the
&8 to the doctrine, and restored him to his
,
\&8 that he

[
7^ & \ \§ &, \
former sound opinion. And there are still extant

& §
to this very day records in writing both of Beryllus

.
and of the synod that was held on his account, which

\ ^,
contain at once the questions Origen put to him and

^ ^ § 8
the discussions that took place in his own community,
and &11 \
all that was done on that occasion. And a great

\
many other things about Origen have been handed

1
20.
20. 2.
2.
,
down to memory by the older men of our day, which

87
 8• EUSEBIUS

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' 8
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XXXIV.
?^
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7rapEarcv civaAjacrOccc, 'tjv ' PacTt.cov gvEKa
aViU7T0V7j0"aVTEC ciAiliAocs 8ca Cf7TOV877$ Trenotia€0a.
XXXIV. "ETEo-cv SE aors E rop8cavoi3
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';^.
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]

,
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'
,
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,• , .
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xcbpav raxovaw javTOv KaTaAeat• ciAAws- yap p.7f
av

^. ,§• *
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^•'
Kai eaafi'Es. Tfis Trepi TOP OEZOV (1SOPOV StaOlcrecos

' -
.'^,
EpyOLS '7TESE86cyrci'vov.
XXXV.
XXXV. Tp1Tov 8E Tot5Tcp gTos. ',
TIV,
KaOs O /JET- 11
ceAAciearrog ` HpaKAci 781 , giov ETC 5eKa Ee &ECTI.V
'
7773 irpocrraciasTa, KaT' 'AAEeciv8pecav E KKa7facWv,

,-
T71V &ttaKOITip Acoviiacos 6TroAapflav6c.
XXXVI. TOTE •^,87fra, ora Kai dials iv, TrA7)- 11
XXXVI.

,
Ovoz!Krris Tijs viol-eon 72-E-trapp7fo-tacrp6ou TE TOO

^,
Ka6P YffLas irapa TrCcacv AO'yov, 75774p Ta Ee7jKOVTC't
^
ckaacv &ti Tew '1Ipcyevtiv yeicf, ducvov,, aTE 8)) pxylaTty
8 ,
77(S1) avAA,ed izevo, 6, T713 ju,ccpcis TrapacrKetrijs getv,
Tag ETC Tot; KoLvoil AEyotiEvas atiTep 8tccAects. '^$•
^1 .. 244.
A.D. 244. «
2
.. '24,.
A.D. 247.
88
88
»
.,, & .
ECCLES. HISTORY, VI.
VI. xxxm. 4—
4—xxxvz.
XXXIII. 11

§/&
686\.
^
I think it well to pass

,\
the Apology that was
& &118,
3,88over, as
&8 they do not concern
the present work. But all that it was
£ 38,
know of his affairs, 686
\&necessary to
these also one may gather from
\& written on his behalf
1)61by \) us»

£
-
1)^
.^
^\
^
-. £ &
XXXIV. & ,
"
and Pamphilus, that holy martyr of our day, a work
\
that we were at 311
&1pains to compose conjointly because
of the fault-finders.

&\^,
\} \1
XXXIV. When after six whole years Gordian
brought his government of the Romans to an end,
1§
Philip along \11

&
,
with his 8 ,
18 son Philip succeeded to the
1)§a Christian,
principate.1 It is recorded that he, being
&
along

^,
^
1)was
but

,^^ \ )
wished on the day of the last paschal vigil to share
&1§ with the multitude the prayers at the church,
\8 not permitted to enter by \)him who was "&then
presiding, until he confessed and numbered himself

\•
1)
^.^
&)^
]
among those \1

[^
^ .
&^
who were reckoned to 1)

otherwise, had he not done so,

&
,
8, he would
be in sins and
were occupying the place of penitence ; for that;

\1(1never have
been received by [Me president] on account of the
many charges made concerning him. And it is

\8 ^
8&
18 said
that he obeyed readily, displaying by his actions how
\
^
genuine and pious was his disposition towards the

^
fear of God.

- -
XXXV. It was the third year of his reign 2* when
XXXV.
,
Heraclas departed this life, after presiding for six-

.
-
^ , \
-
teen years over the churches at Alexandria ; Diony- ;

sius took up the episcopal office.

XXXVI.
XXXVI. Then indeed, as was
\8 increasing and our doctrine was
faith was
^,
\8 fitting, when the
\8boldly
§,
\ ^
\ ,'
proclaimed in the ears of 11,all, it is said that Origen,
who \8was over sixty )7^ ^,
years of age, inasmuch as he had
€[(1 1§
now acquired immense facility from long preparation,'
permitted shorthand-writers to take down the dis- -
3
* ^,.
Gregory, Pan. ii. 10.
'. 10.

89
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XXXVII.
XXXN 7
II. "Ak1oc 8'' ai3 TrdAtv Eai TYIS 'ApaPlas
*
1
1

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90
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^?
XXXVIII. TOTE 8E Kai CIAA115 GOOTp0C73 Kai-- 11
XXXVIII. -
 ECCLES.

868
,. ,. ,.
00.8. HISTORY, VI.
courses delivered1)
1—
VI. xxxvi. 1—xxxvm. 11

by him in public, a 1§ ;
thing that he
1)6
had never before allowed.

, ), ,,
\^, ^
At that time also he composed the treatises, eight
in number, in answer to the work against us, entitled
True Discourse /"
1\- €88 the Epicurean, and his
of Celsus
&<§
twenty-five tomes on the Gospel according to

\
,
Matthew, and those on the twelve prophets, of which
\1.
we found only five and twenty. And there is extant

.
also a letter of his to the Emperor Philip himself,
8£,
\& -, ^,^,^ ^
and another to his wife Severa, and various other
" "
&
letters to various persons. As many of these as &8 we

.
., \.
1)

,
) ^
,
&
1)^ together, preserved as
have been able to bring
were here and there by \
&8 they
\) various persons, we arranged
in separate roll-cases, so that they might no longer
be
1) dispersed. These letters number more than a
1
hundred. And he wrote also to Fabian '&1)& the bishop
of Rome, and to very many other rulers of £ churches,
, &1)11
^
with reference to his orthodoxy. You will \11 find these

' &'. * ^^
facts also established in the sixth book of the Apology
we wrote on the man's behalf.
&^--
^
XXXVII.

^
XXXVII. Once more in Arabia at the above-men-

,&^ ,
tioned time other persons sprang up, introducing a

,
human soul dies for a \11

.,
1),
to corruption ; 1)
;

\1
,
, ,^
doctrine foreign to the truth, and saying that the
while in this present time, along

^ 1§-\1
\1
with our bodies, at their death, and with them turns
but that hereafter, at the time of

§1, ^ \ §
resurrection, it will come to life again along with

,
them. Moreover, when a synod of no small dimen-
\
£ the

^
sions was then assembled together, Origen was again

. 833 [, \ \
invited, and there opened a discussion in public on
the subject in question, with such power that he
changed the opinions of those who had formerly been
deluded.
XXXVIII.
XXXVIII. At that time also another perverse
91
91
€
dpxerat •€' . ,-
EUSEBIUS

T(731, ' EAKEaCtITCti V iteyottevn aZpEacs,

,
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, ,
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,
, ,
VECOCITI 7TaVlaTa1tIV71S' Ta13 eKKAnalats.

, 8 •
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'
.
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i

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." *
clicriKoOra c'KEivris. Kai 7TUTTEtiOVTa a&EULV A4tPeaOat
Tirg)v a,uaprwiciTwv, elAAriv c1n96ECTGI' -rrap' 71v Xpla783
'Inao6s

,, 8^8,'8-
XXXIX.
88
XXXIX. 'AAAa yap (1)1A1,7T1TOV ETE01. V j7TTa 1
8
flaacAeticrawra Sta8exErat z‘I.CLOS• SS' 87) ToD 7pas

^^
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' 88.
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^?
,
rn Kacaapela 7)yEpovtKois. IrapaaTas 8cKacrn1piocs

92
8
raPOS% TOLPTOV 8E tLETa

» ..
A.D. 249.
249.
-
Atittaiv EKKA7101a$ EITICIKO7TOS aziOis 5ta XptarOv lv

Ka 1 ETTI 6Etn4pa, 8cai-rpelifas Op,oAoyich 8Eap.conipiou

,
7recpciTac, Acirapcii rjpEt. Kai crelivn 7roAc2 Kai-ccrTeict-
TOiS 7)yEktovi.Kois 3

92
 .,, . .
ECCLES. HISTORY, VI.
VI. xxxviii. 1— 3
1 -XXXIX. 3
:

of 16
[16. ^&,
opinion had its 1)6§^,
beginning, the heresy known as that
\1
the Helkesaites, which no sooner 1)6§ \&
began than it was
>1
quenched. Origen mentions it in a public address on

"
6§1^-6
^
&
166has come ^1;
" There

&,
himself on 1)6§
\(1as
the eighty-second Psalm,in some such words

\1 &,
just now a certain man who
& 1686
these:
\1prides
being able to champion a godless and very
&,
^
impious opinion, of the Helkesaites, &

, ^&
as it is called,
which has lately come into opposition with the
& 1)6
1168. I shall lay before you the mischievous
churches.

^
,
teachings of that opinion, that you may not be
&&^ by it.
away

& .
^
^ ,
^, 31;
. It rejects some things from every
&
1)€ carried

Scripture ; again, it has made use of texts from every

&&
;

on occasions of necessity deny with his mouth, but

& &,
not in his heart. And they produce a certain book

&
of \11 &
]8
part of the Old Testament and the Gospels ; it rejects

,
;

the Apostle entirely. And it says that to deny is a

matter of indifference, and that the discreet man will

which they say that it has fallen from heaven, and

& 1)1
\1 has heard it and believes will
\11
1)
1)1

.& .&",.^^-
that he who \11receive
—
forgiveness of his sins—a forgiveness other than that
\1 ^1 1)68\."
which Christ Jesus has bestowed."

,,
XXXIX. But to resume. When Philip had reigned

,
\
for seven years he was succeeded by

-
. ,'&
1
,
1)} Decius. He, on
account of his enmity towards Philip, raised a perse-
&§
cution against the churches, in which Fabian

&,&
&1)£was
&Rome, and was succeeded
\8

^ ,
perfected by
)^ martyrdom at
in the episcopate by
\)Cornelius.
35
In Palestine, Alexander, the bishop of the church of
^^111,appeared once more for Christ's sake at
Jerusalem,
1) §;'8
\
Caesarea before the governor's courts, and for the
second time distinguished himself by 1) the confession

&
he made ; he underwent the trial of imprisonment,
;

crowned with the venerable hoary locks of ripe old

§. And when after the splendid and manifest
age.
93
93
 EUSEBIUS

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,^,
,

86 ,*
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^,
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-
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.
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,,
37TOtag TE juera. raiiTa
(

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,

/^
-
EITLUTOAaL rciAnd'as Op,o1; Kai ctKpiPas- 77"Eptlxotratv.
XL.
XI, Td yE TOL KaTa ALOVOCTLOV Elf Tlig VIA'
, 1

Gal. 1, 20
'^
rEpp,avav e7rtaroA775. aiProi; vapaO4uollat, gv0a

1.LEVOS OME ^€€

94
94
*
,-
rogrov irEpi &tura; AE'roy laropa: rOv rpOrrov-

^
"
" Ey(1) 8 Kai El/057110V TOO 0E00 AaAc7.), Kai at'PrOs
ono/ d tkeaoptat.• a8Eiday gizavroi3 /30tA3-
aoed. 7re7roinp,at rip/ ckvy7v, c;./1/1a Kai
 , .
,^ ^'&
3—.. 11
VI. xxxix. 3—xL.
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, VI.

,
testimony that he gave in the governor's courts he
&
68
& & &3.1)68was proclaimed as
fell asleep in prison, Mazabanes
his successor in the episcopate & at Jerusalem.
^6^8£16I.
3.8

.) ;
, And when at & Antioch Babylas,
3,1)38? in like manner to

,
prison, Fabius \&

^
there.
6
& " ^ ,
to Origen ,

\ \, ^
,
Alexander, after confession departed this life in

Now the nature and extent of that which

£
£
was made president of the church

\11 happened
at the time of the persecution, and what
was the end thereof ; how the evil demon marshalled
;

all his forces in rivalry against the man, how ]• he led

them with every device and power, and singled him
\1 ,
,
&, - ,,
out, above
3.1) 11 all others upon whom he made war 3,
time, for special attack ; the nature and extent of
;

"
at that

^ •
that which he endured for the word of Christ, chains
and tortures, punishments inflicted on his body,
&(1
"
&,
punishments & as he lay in iron and in the recesses of

,& }^§
\ , \& \& &",
his dungeon ; and how, when for many days his feet
;

were stretched four spaces in that instrument of

torture, the stocks, he bore with a stout heart threats
"
^^ \^
of fire and everything else that was inflicted by

^^
;

\£
enemies ; and the kind of issue he had thereof, the
)^ his

^ ]
judge eagerly striving with all &11his might on no account

, &^ &^
&'
to put him to death ; and what sort of sayings he
;

\
left behind him after this, sayings full
\11of help for those

. \ ^,
who needed uplifting—[of— [£11all these matters] the man's
numerous letters contain both a true and accurate
account.

(^
(. As to that which befell Dionysius, I shall
XL.
\,
^ ,
81§"" ",
"
quote from a letter of his against Germanus, where,

& ^ .
knows "
"11\§account
speaking of himself, he gives the following
"" Now I for my part speak also before God, and He

^ 3(3^
if I lie. Acting not on my own judgement nor
apart from God have I taken flight ; but on a3.former
;
:

95
 ^€
,

EUSEBIUS

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)), 11\
1^ The frumentarii, otherwise called milites peregrini

%6 a body
(soldiers from abroad), were 1)(3 consisting of centurions
" the legions in the provinces. As the name implies, they
of
96
96
.
&, ,
&/,,
& ^
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, VI.

occasion also, when 16

)11
£ ^'8
3. frunzentarius 1
a

^, &, , ,\
remained four days at my
&1 "
VI. xL.
.. 2-5
2-5

, )
the persecution under Decius was
publicly proclaimed, that selfsame hour Sabinus sent
, & ^ -:
^ to seek me out, and on my part I

}^ house, expecting the

arrival of the frumentarius ; but
86&§
1) he went around
;

where he

(. , .
searching everything, the roads, the rivers, the fields,
\& hidden or walking,
}6 suspected I was \11§,but
holden with blindness and did not find the house.

,-
For he did not believe that, pursued as
1)was
&,
& I was, I was
\&
&
staying
&, &11}
,
&)^§ at home. And after
• ;)^ ^. & \\,
God 1)&6
&.&the fourth day, when
bade me depart, and miraculously made a& way,

^ , 1)
with difficulty did I and the boys 2^ and many of the
1)6}6
, ,
brethren set out together. And that this was the

,\
\£.
- &16 Divine Providence, the sequel
work of the
."
in which we proved helpful, it may be,

,^^,*
6€[6showed,
1)6, to some."
>1&
Then, after some intervening remarks, he tells what

" For I,
"

, ,
, indeed, falling about
of the soldiers, together with
&§
§1,adding as&follows :
happened to him after the flight,
&1) sunset into the hands
\1 were with
\1;1 those who
11\
\;1
:

me, was

§
1)§1 to Taposiris, 3 but
\£ brought
Divine Providence happened to 1)
escape 1)§ ;\&
1); Timothy by
&1)
1) the
be absent and to
1)coming afterwards he found
being seized ; but

^ ^, -
;

." §(1^ ,
the house deserted and servants guarding it, and us

in \11
. ^
completely taken captive."
And further on he says : "" And what was

[
:

);
\& the way
which He wonderfully brought it about?? For the
^,

&
truth shall be

. 1) told. One of the country-folk met

Timothy fleeing and distraught, and inquired the
,:
reason of his haste. And he spoke out the truth, and
\1 (\
when the other heard it (now he was \& off to take part
&:,
.,
68,
couriers, and were
*2

of Dionysius.
'3

..
VOL. HII
\6€ employed on police work.
These may be
)1thirty miles S.W.
Near the coast, about
11€
^ E
.
had to do with the commissariat, but they also acted as
^.
..of£Alexandria.
8
1) either the sons or the pupils or the servants

97
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98
,. 80,
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, VI.
VI. xi. 6— 11
.. 6—xm. .
—

^ ,§6-5,
^
in a marriage-feast, for it 18

§^ ,
is their custom to spend the
entire night in such gatherings)
§&1:16§8)he 16 went in and told

^^
those \1 were reclining at)6.
who \66 table. And they all,
11, with
\11

,
86,
8§1 impulse, 8
a single as if at
up, and came running with \;1 all
^,
; a preconcerted signal, rose
1)1;§
11 speed ; and bursting
\1
;
;

^
in upon us they gave a3. shout, and when the soldiers
§(^
\66 guarding us straightway took to flight,
that were
,
1§1, they
^.\6
^ ,
—
§
came up to us, lying as we
1\ \6• on pallets without
\6 were
bedding. And I—God knows that at first I thought
)1)6 coming to plunder and steal—
they were robbers

^
^;

^^
stayed on the bed,
1),naked save for my linen shirt, and

. £ \66 lying by

, ., , ^^
the rest of my garments that were \} I held
1) §
lout to them. But they bade me get up and go out
with 11
all speed. And then, gathering why they were
§

« 3§§§
,& -
^§
ome, I cried out, begging and beseeching them to go

§ ,& 3,
.^ \ & ^,^ ^^
way and leave us alone ; and I asked them, if
;
* they
vished to do me a good turn, to anticipate those who \1
\
vere leading me away and to cut off my head them-

'
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elves. And while I was

§, ^"
\£8thus shouting, as 3, those who
vere my companions and partakers in everything
now, they raised me up forcibly. And I let myself

. ,, back on the ground, 1)

^^ ^^"
all on my 1)1 but they seized me by
he hands and feet and dragged and brought me
11\
\
utside. And there followed me the witnesses of all
^,
))»"

11

^
1^
^,§
."
".
3§
hese things, Gaius, Faustus, Peter and Paul ; who
lso took me up in their arms and brought me out
\,
^^
\)
f the little town, and setting me on the bare back
n ass led me away." Such is the account Dionysius
ives concerning himself.
;

\)\ of

,. )8,
XLI. But the same person in a letter to Fabius,

)^
£11\^account

^^
ishop of the Antiochenes, gives the following
"
f the contests of those who \1 suffered martyrdom at
lexandria under Decius :"" It was
: \8 not with the
nperial edict that the persecution began amongst
99
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100
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ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, VI.
VI. XLI.
^ \6•
&;
>. 1-6
1 6 -

.
us,
118, 1)1;

^,
(1 ;
upon all
,
^^, §-
but it preceded it by)^ a & whole year ; and that

16;1against us, fanning anew

of the heathen

ceived that this kind

1)1—
thirsting for our blood—was
- ,
their native superstition. Aroused by

& .
;

prophet and creator of evils for this city, whoever he

',
was, was1)•6;(1
• .^8§; . 3,888
beforehand in stirring and inciting the
,
masses
&6\ the flame of
1)him and seizing
11 authority for their unholy deeds, they con-
§8—
£ worship of their gods—the
1(1 of
the only form of£ piety.
and
"" First,
(1 1);(1 1)1
^ \
'-;,then, they seized an old man named Metros,
bade him utter blasphemous words ; and when
he
16 refused to obey
^,
*•udgels, 8:1)1)
1)1)
-.
;

)6} they belaboured his body

,
1)(1 with
stabbed his face and eyes with sharp reeds,
\11

. , ^
ind leading him to the suburbs
" Then they led
"
)•1)8 stoned him.
1(1 a woman called ^^^, 1)16,
Quinta, a believer,

,
9,

,
^
7.o the (11

^,
idol temple, and \66
lisgust, they 1)(1
\1
xorship. But when she turned away
bound her 1))
were for forcing her to
&\'and showed her
by the feet and dragged
{1•§<6her
lirough the whole city over the rough pavement, so 8

' ' «. \
hat 1)(1 1)
•, she was bruised by the big 1)^
1)§ stones, beating her
11

^
^; 1)^^ her to the same place
dl the while ; and bringing
hey stoned her to death. Then with one accord &(1 they
;, ^(1,^,
11

,
11 rushed to the houses of the godly,

-
&-
hey harried, spoiled

.,
mg(1 1)•
^.
&, falling
^^^, and,
•aeh upon those whom they recognized as neighbours,
1(1 and plundered them, appropri-
ting the more valuable of their treasures, and scatter-
1:<
and burning in the streets the cheaper articles and

,,
11^;

.
uch as were made of wood, until they gave the city
he appearance of having 1)
1) been captured by enemies.

^
'ut
»5'11}' ^
$; the brethren gave

now not if there be any—save,

()\
ngle one \1
—
^(11 retired,
^^ way and gradually
lid, like those of whom Paul also testified, they
(1.

,
full the spoiling of their possessions. And I
)^ took
it may be,
\>, some
—\1 up to the
who fell into their hands—who
61;
resent has (1(1 /.
denied the Lord.
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102
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,
, ,
,
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^
VI. ,.
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY,VI. xu. 77-11
11 -

"" Moreover, they seized then that marvellous aged

^, ^
virgin Apollonia, broke out 11 all her teeth with
1)6
^
\11blows
3\8, and piling up a pyre before the city
1)1\8

^&
threatened to burn her
&1^

& \
"
)8
1)1&15^^.
1)6£space, and, being

"
.
16alive, if"she refused to recite
along with them their blasphemous sayings. But she
asked for & &,&,
a brief

^,
1)ۤreleased, without

,.
flinching 1^ she leaped into the fire and was
\8consumed.
1)1
" Serapion they laid hold of at his own home, broke
all his limbs 1)7
11

^,
by the severe tortures they inflicted, and

^
cast him down head foremost from the upper story.

\)
"

^^
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\
\11 we could§,
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\
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^ .,
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&& "
71
3
^,
\&. way, no thoroughfare, no alley

\ ^,
go, either \) ^^
by night or during the
day : always and everywhere all were shouting,

^^ " 1)1&1)
that he who did not join in the chorus of blasphemy
1).
be dragged off and burnt. And
this state of things continued at its height
; 1§;1;for a
long time. But strife and civil war came upon the

31
\8 \
^; . &^,\,
;

^ ^
wretched men, and turned on themselves the fury of
3] 3
which we had been the object ; and for a brief space

^ ^,
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their anger against us. Straightway, however, the
\)
& £
§ .
news was spread abroad of the change from that rule

£
1)
& ^
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3
\
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almost like that which was predicted by our Lord,
, )1,
-& the

1.,
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\11§1
&
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11•§1
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.*
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" "
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--
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', )1
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pelled to do so by 11
1) their business, and others were
3
^ .. )8
Matt. xxiv. 24.
rXavacrOctt.
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103
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104
104
1
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. ,
& &
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1) rather to be
but
.&
,. 11-15
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, VI. xia.

&^^
dragged \)

&^ \'&
11-15

by those around them. Called by

&§
&
\) name they
8&68,
approached the impure and unholy sacrifices, some
pale and trembling, as \66not for sacrificing
&8 if they were
1)6themselves the sacrifices and victims

,
;

-^
^ &
\&6 , &.
they were by
§\
&^, &(1
to the idols, so that the large crowd that stood around
heaped mockery upon them, and it was \&8 evident that
\&(8
\) nature cowards in everything, cowards
both to die and to sacrifice. But others ran eagerly
1)11

^& ^ &, -
towards the altars, affirming 1) by their forwardness that
&;

,
they had
1(1 not been Christians even formerly ; con- ;

\,
cerning whom the Lord very truly predicted that
they shall hardly be 1)6 saved.'
&6(1.^ Of the rest,68,some
6
; ^, , ,
followed one or 116 other of these, others fled ; some
;

£
were captured, and of these some \1; went as
&8 far as&8

,
bonds
1)(38 and imprisonment, and certain, when they had

^ , ^& , -
been shut up for many days, then forswore themselves
1)6 ;,
even before coming into court, while others, who
remained firm for a certain time under tortures,
\1
8)8€[11gave in. §& .
&
subsequently

&
; &(^ ^
strengthened by

,
^ ^. \ £)1
)^ Him, and receiving power and sted-
fastness in due measure according to the mighty faith
\8 in them, proved themselves admirable
that was
£ "
martyrs of His kingdom. Of these the first was
1)§
"" But the firm and blessed pillars of the Lord, being

\8
§,
&,,' ,&^& ,
^1^&,a man who
Julian,
&.
or walk. He was
carried him, of
\1 suffered from gout, &1)1
1)§1up with two
&8brought
\1 &,
unable to stand
1\others who
£ whom the one straightway denied ; ;

\&
the other, Cronion by 1)surnamed Eunus,
1)) name, but
^1^ -,
,
and the old man Julian himself, confessed the Lord,

,,
1§1
and were carried upon camels through the whole city,
very 1&§
large in extent as & ye know, and thus uplifted
were 1)&,
\66 beaten, and in the end, surrounded by 1) all
&11 the

]&
1
^

,
A very free ..
£66 reference to Matt. xix. 23
Luke xviii. 24.
24.
23 ; /.
; , . 23
cf. Mark x. 23 ;

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106
106
8
6 AIZaK0p0g • Tan 8E AOL7I- 07)g
, ,
people, 1);

,
VI. ,.
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY,VI. xi," 16 20
16-20

€[116. A soldier who

burnt in quicklime.
-

\1 stood by \)
as

, ^66
8 they were being
that brave
; , \6 ", opposed those who
1)6§ led off,
, \1 in-
•\(1cried out, Besas,
sulted them ; and, when the crowd

,&^^ , ^. ,
1)3,6warrior of God, was brought up, and after
, \ &,\& &
-
6061^
^
excelling in the great war of piety was beheaded.
&&,^1 true both1)

& ,
^\\) by
And another, a Libyan \) race, Macar,
8 1>66,
, §6 .
[>']benediction, though
to his name and the [Lord's]
^)^ \ -

^ ,^
the judge urged him strongly to deny, was not in-

\
duced, and so \& was 1)1;
burnt alive. And after these
Epimachus and Alexander, when they had remained
1§
^,
a long time in prison, enduring to the end countless

^,
(|.
"

)^ ^
^&,
in quicklime.

^,&,
agonies from scrapers and scourges, were also

^ :

virgin, though tortured vigorously )^

a
& very long time, inasmuch as
^^
1)
&1 burnt
" And with them four women : Ammonarion, a holy
by the judge for
& she had made it plain
,
, "
beforehand that she would not utter anything of what

. , , », ^ -&
,
1)& her, kept true to her promise, and was led
he bade

,, \1 ^ &
away. And as &8to the rest, Mercuria, an aged woman
of reverend mien, and Dionysia, the mother indeed

,,
of many children, \1 who yet did not love them above

,& ,
.
the Lord, when the governor was ashamed to ply

\,—
continued torture \\
by
all to no end, and to be
1) women,—they were put to death by
'
1) worsted
)^ the sword,
and so had trial of no further tortures. For these

.
,
Ammonarion, true champion, had taken upon herself
on behalf

^ ) ^,
1)11of all.
" Hero and Ater and Isidore, Egyptians, and with
" \1
-§ ,, ,^
\ . [ §•]
them a young boy of about fifteen named Dioscorus
were delivered up. And at first [the governor] tried
to wheedle the lad by
and to compel him by
\) words, as one easily led astray,
\) tortures, as one that would
easily give in ; but Dioscorus neither obeyed nor
." ;

1 "" Blessed."
107
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27,
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108
108
. .» ^,
. , &^ ,
^ ,
VI. ,.
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY,VI. xu. 20 23
20-23

yielded. The rest he savagely tore in pieces, and,

when

^.}§, & , -
\16 they endured, committed them also to the
flames. But, marvelling at the splendid bearing of

&^;
& \8
-

Dioscorus in public and the wise answers he made to

,
his questions in private, he let him off, saying that he

^ "
granted him a period of delay to repent, on account
£
a ^,.
of his youth. And now the most godly Dioscorus is

)^ & ^^ ^&,
\1 ,
8, more lasting conflict.

&
£ 1§•
with us, having remained for a still longer contest and

&
" A certain Nemesion, he also an Egyptian, was
"
&&
8

^^.^ &,&&,
falsely accused of consorting with )1),
robbers, and when
1)£
he had cleared himself before the centurion of that
&^
^ &
charge so foreign to his character, he was
& being
against as
\&informed
1) 1)'
1)§a Christian, and came bound before

^
,
,
, , ,
)1},
^^ ,
the governor. He most unjustly inflicted on him
1\
.
twice as many tortures and
\)
&(1 scourgings as
1)\
1
&8 he did on
the robbers, and burnt him between them, thus
honouring him, happy man, with a likeness to Christ.

^, 1) .
\ ^
^ ,
"" A whole 1)8.
band of soldiers, Ammon and Zeno and
Ptolemy and Ingenuus, and with

\
^ \ ,
Now a certain man \&

, ^
was 1)^
\11 them an old man
Theophilus, had taken their stand before the court.
& a Christian, and
being tried as
at that moment was inclining towards denial, when

,
these men standing 1)
\1
by ground their teeth, cast looks

, 1> ^ 1\ ,
with their bodies.

^ \ \ \ -,
^ \ ,
1)(18. And when all

'
at him, stretched out their hands and made gestures
11turned towards
them, before anyone could otherwise seize them,

-
^
they ran of their own accord to the prisoner's dock,
saying that they were Christians ; so that 1)1
; both the
\1
governor and his assessors were filled with fear,
and those who were on their trial showed them-

^,
sufferings,\11 ^^ ^.-
selves very courageous in the face of their future
while the judges were affrighted. So
these men marched from the court in proud pro-
109
109
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18
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.
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61§
,
^.^
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, VI.

688, exulting in their witness,

.
23— xLn. 55
VI.XLI. 23 —

6&<§
\168, God spreading
,.

XLII. "And
11§68 \66
villages
"

..
abroad their fame gloriously.

68 6 &, £ &
many others throughout the cities and
were torn in pieces by the heathen, of whom
I shall mention one as an example. Ischyrion was
&§
acting &
616, » " "
\16 he abode
insulted him, when

^ ^,, &
as the hired steward of one of the rulers. His
employer 1)£ bade him sacrifice ; when he refused he

^
&1)6 by
;

)1
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him foully ; and as he still remained firm he took a

&^ ,^^& 11§

;

very large

"\ .
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vital organs, and so killed him.
" What need is there to speak of the multitude of
those who wandered in deserts and mountains,' and
3 &
perished by hunger and thirst and frost and diseases
&
)1) &
but

, .
and robbers and wild beasts? ? Such of them as

& &,
1)
survive bear testimony to their election and victory ;

)& &
shall adduce &
\1
1) one fact in connexion with these men also I
\ 1)
as evidence. Chaeremon was bishop of
the city called Nilopolis, and of extreme^.
;

&
&& ^ ^ ^ 1)1 ,^
fled to the Arabian mountain with his wife,a and

. 1),
age. He

never returned, nor could the brethren ever lay eyes

)&. \^ , &^
again either on them or their bodies, although they
made 8,a long and thorough search. But many in that
same Arabian mountain were reduced to utter slavery
by
)^ barbarian Saracens. Of these some were with

, §. &,
,&
difficulty ransomed for large sums, others have not

"
purpose, 1) ^
yet been, up to this day.

but that you may know all

\1 .
)1
& ^
- &."
1)1, to no
" And I have not given this account, brother,
&11 the terrible things
that happened with us. Those who have had a& larger

, ,1 ^
experience of them would know

,
1:\ more examples."
11\5 : "" Therefore
, \
Then, after a little, he adds as follows :

the divine martyrs themselves among us, who now

6
are assessors of Christ, and share the fellowship of
111
111
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'

-
1^

2
*

112
112
^'^ . ,/", vii. 7.
cf.
a uvIryayov :
: 7. 4.
4.
1);8,
?0^
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CrKO7T0.)11, 7TAELch'an) 8'

^
The consistences, or bystanders, were the highest order
,.
^^,, & &
80, ,. ,.
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, VI.
VI. 5—
XLII. 5—XLIII. 22

&
&
,
^
& &^^
& , &
in the
^
&
,^
"
1)616
6
&
£
\) 6)6
;
^1§
His kingdom, and take part in His decisions and judge
along with Him, have espoused the cause of certain
of the fallen brethren who became answerable for
the charge of sacrificing ; and seeing their conversion
and repentance, they judged it had the power to
prove acceptable to Him who hath no pleasure at all
1;1 death of the sinner, but rather his repentance ;
and so8 they received and admitted them to the
;

•
, ^,
^^
worship of the Church 1^ as consistentes, 2 and gave
&. \&
them fellowship in their prayers and feasts. What

\
then do ye counsel us, brethren, on these matters ??

,
, \
- -
What are we to do ?? Are we to be
\1
"
1)of like opinion
and mind with them, uphold their decision and con-

,
,,
& 1 ], ^"-
cession, and deal kindly\11

\ 11 &^^
selves up as

\[1\^^
"
with those they pitied? ? Or
shall we esteem their decision unjust, and set our-
& critics of their opinion, cause grief" to
kindness, and do away with their arrangement ?? "

- &)!)^,raising
Now these words Dionysius added suitably,

^ ^& ^ ^
& ,.&,,^
"
&1) those who had proved weak in
the question about
the time of persecution, XLIII. since Novatus,3 a

,£ , §
"
presbyter of the church of
up by \
,1)
"the Romans, being
\> arrogance against these, as if
1)§lifted
" there was no
" salvation for them, not even if"

&^,^&\ .
longer any hope of
they were to perform everything that a genuine
conversion and a & pure confession demand, became
" 11 "
,
\- \1, in their
the leader of a& separate sect of those who,

., .^)&
"
pride of mind, styled themselves Puritans. Where-
upon a 3. very large synod was assembled at Rome, of

£
sixty bishops and a still greater number of presbyters
£
"
1)
1)

£
., &
6)&6from communion.
but debarred

( ^ ^)
\^6868 (no}!;
the Westerns
of Dionysius in c..
subsequent Greek \1;08,
63,
\6admitted to the eucharistic prayers,
of penitents. They were

8 8',is8called
' This person, the founder of the Novatianist sect,
3

by 8838,
Eusebius, and 8)861; writers, Novatus, 31:
doubt rightly) Novatianus. /.
. 45 and vii. S.
8.
but by
Cf. the letters

118
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114
114
 .
, ,
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, -VI.

& ,^
\ 6 [68;
-
VI.

^
&\
£
sidered the question as to what was to1)6
.
XLIII.

.-
and deacons, while in the rest of the provinces the
866&1 regions individually con-
pastors in their several
be done. It
was unanimously decreed that Novatus, together
^^,
2-5
2-5

\
,,
.
with the partners of his arrogance, and those who
&§ &' 1)16-}&§ and
decided to agree with the man's brother-hating

§6
most inhuman opinion, should be 1)6 considered as

,
1)66

1)8
^,
strangers to }6
brethren as
63,666\1
Now 166

, ^^ ) &,
the Church,1) but that such of the
£ had fallen into the misfortune should be
668 16 medicines of repentance.
treated and restored with the

bishop of the Romans, to Fabius,

"
-\
"
there have reached us a letter of Cornelius,
1)8 £1
£)8, bishop of the church
of the Antiochenes, telling the facts concerning the
16
1)

Roman Synod, and what was decreed )^

, by them of

,
^,
\ -
' ^ \ ^^, \
"
, ^^, \
Italy and Africa and the regions thereabout ; and,
again, another of Cyprian and of those with him in
Africa, composed in the Latin language, in which it
was made clear that they also agreed that those who
had suffered trial should meet with succour, and that
;

,., ^\ \
in the reason of things it was fitting that the leader
of the heresy should be excommunicated from the
1\8
.
Catholic Church, and likewise all those who were

^
led away with him. To these was subjoined a certain

,§ ^
other letter of Cornelius, on the resolutions of the
§,
synod ; and, again, another on the doings of Novatus.
;

, . ^,
\ ,
There is nothing to prevent me from quoting parts
of this last, so that those who read this book may

\
know about him. In explaining, then, to Fabius

^- \,

^
what kind of manner of man Novatus was, Cornelius
1\
1§^ , ,^
writes these very words : "" But that you may know
:

that for a long time back this marvellous fellow has

been seeking the office of a bishop, and has succeeded
in concealing in his heart this his violent desire, using

115
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11 6
116
.
. ,
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY,VI.

,, , ,
as a veil for 18
"€88
confessors•1

\
^
VI. xtm. 5-8

&, ^ ,
5-8 .
&
his insane folly the fact that he had the
with him from the 1)€§§,
"
beginning, I wish to
6^68,

^
speak. Maximus, one of our presbyters, and Urban,

renown by
;
both of whom twice reaped the highest meed of

&))^ confession, and Sidonius, and Celerinus,

\,^
^
a man who, by the mercy of God, 1)6bore with the utmost
•6,
& ^,&
endurance all kinds of tortures, and \) 86§1
by the strength
of his faith strengthened the weakness of his body,
1)7,
& ,
and so has mightily overcome the adversary—these —
&, , 6]8&
men marked him, and detecting the craftiness and .

18 )11; .
his unsociability and wolf-like
&
\8in him, his perjuries and falsehoods,
duplicity that was
\1-1^1^friendship, returned

^& ) & ^ ,
to the holy Church. And all the knavish tricks and

,
devices that he had long dissembled in his heart,

,
they made known in the presence both of a& number of

, 3,
bishops, and also of very many presbyters and lay-
men, 1)\&1^
bewailing and repenting of the fact that for a
,-
1) •-

& -
brief space they had left the Church under the per-
^."
, ^ 8 ^- \1
suasion of this treacherous and malicious wild beast."
&;6\&
Then shortly afterwards he says : ""How extra-

^\,, &
:

ordinary a change and transformation, brother

-

,
beloved, we have beheld to have taken place in him
\11! For in sooth this highly dis-
in a little while
1§§
!

tinguished person, who \& was in the habit

1&1)of pledging

,&
himself \)

',
if he were cast into our midst by

-
\8

^
by some terrible oaths in no wise to seek the
1)8
8 a bishop as
office of a bishop, of a sudden appears as
\)some contrivance.)
For in sooth this master of doctrine, this champion

§\
of the Church's discipline, when he was
& &-
\&8 attempting
to wrest and filch away the episcopate that was not
&8

1
&^,
. :
\),
^ ga-rydvou: the reference 18

the level of the arena.

^
given him from above, chose to himself two com-

•/68 , 1))1
\
is probably to the method of
raising, by means of pulleys, cages
&^€8containing wild beasts
136&818to

117
117
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15
 .
he

&&^ 66
80,
VI. XLIII. 88-12
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, VI.

&^,
12

\ |^&,..
\1 had renounced their own salvation, that
panions who
16 might send them to a small
&-
-

8&11 and very insignificant

part of Italy, and entice thence by \)some made-up

& ^ \1
1)8, rough and very simple men.
(^ ,
device three bishops,
He confidently maintained and affirmed the necessity

& ^
of their coming quickly to Rome, on the pretext that

&,
\ ,\ &,
any dissension whatsoever that had arisen might be
ended by \1
\) their activity as mediators, conjointly with
1)18. When they arrived, inasmuch as
other bishops.
-
by ,
1),
, \)^ , §
\
they were too simple, as we said before, for the un-
" \1,
scrupulous devices of the wicked, they were shut up

,
1) certain disorderly men like himself, and at the
\1
tenth hour, when they were drunk, and sick with the

&&^ 1
after effects, he forcibly compelled them to give him a

&,
1§'
1)1' office\)
bishop's

^ ,
. ,
^^^
-
by a counterfeit and vain laying on of
hands, an office that he assumed \)
^
£
by crafty treachery
1)88 not
since it did not fall to his lot. One of the bishops
long afterwards returned to the Church, bewailing

. ,&^ \,
\1
and confessing his fault ; with whom
; \
\10 we had com-
munion & as a layman, 11all the laity present interceding

,-,^,
;
for him. And as for the remaining bishops, to these

-.
places where they were.
"
\
we appointed successors, whom we sent into the
\1
^
,
" This vindicator, then, of the Gospel did not know

,
that there should be

,- , -,
-&, -,,^-\--
1) one bishop in a3,catholic church,
(
in which he was not ignorant (for how could he be ?)?)
that there arc forty-six presbyters, seven deacons,
-1\
seven sub-deacons, forty-two acolytes, fifty-two exor-

supported \) §&
,
cists, readers and door-keepers, above fifteen hun-

.
dred widows and persons in distress, all of whom are

&
by the grace and loving-kindness of the
Master. But not even did this great multitude, so
&
119
119
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TOGS 418eAckols. Ora Olitts Kat Oaa 8vvarOv 7rpecrf3v-
i4pcp Ktv8vvedovatv cit5eA0ois- Kai 6rtKooptas. 8E0-

8,
[LEVOCS POOEIV, TOC706701, a7TECIXEV TOO 7retOapxiicra6
TrapaKaAotiat Tag 5tccKOvots, ths. Kai xcaEgatvovTa
120
120
 ,.,
&}^^
80, ,.
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY,VI.
VI. xmt. 12

)6 \1
16
12-16

necessary in the Church, that number who by (1'8

1) God's
-

& ,
providence were ^, &
\66 rich and multiplying, nor an immense
,"
and countless laity, turn him from such a& desperate

.
failure and recall him to the Church."

, , ; &
§\, further on, he adds to these remarks
And again,
11\
& follows : "" But come, let us next say in what deeds
as :

£
\&1 kind of conduct he placed his confidence
or in what

, ^^ ^
so as
1)^§ 1 1)
from the beginning he had been 1)§1
\& 1)3,
& to aspire to the episcopate. Was it because

&
brought up in the

1)
& "£ " ^,.^",
Church, and had fought many conflicts on her behalf, .

& ,.
and had been through the midst of dangers, many
^,"
and great, for the sake of religion? ? Not so. The
& ^ \1
^,
occasion of his acceptance of the faith was Satan, who
\1
resorted to him and dwelt in him for a long time.
^'^
to be , ,
While he was\& being
1)^ healed by 1) the exorcists he fell
into a grievous sickness, and, as
1) all but
&
8 he was considered
1)&1by1)affusion on
1)dead, received baptism
3& 1 , " indeed one may say 8
, , , & &§
the very bed in which he lay, if
that such a man has received. it. Nor yet indeed did
1 )& ^, 1
he obtain the other things, when he recovered from
his sickness, of which one should partake according
&1§
to the rule of the Church, or the sealing by 1).
)^ the bishop.
)1& 1\ 1
And as he did not obtain these, how could he obtain

^
\ )^\& ^.
"
the Holy Spirit ?? "
And shortly afterwards he3.}^ ^&
says again :" " . .. he
: . .

who through cowardice and love of life at the time of

\ \ [:\ ,
persecution denied that he was a presbyter. For
.

^
,
when he was requested and exhorted by \) the deacons

^
to leave the cell in which he shut himself, and bring

^
^'
all

,
^ \ 1)•
11 the help to the brethren that it is right and
possible for a presbyter to bring to brethren who are

^
in danger and in need of succour, so far was\\' he from
obeying the deacons' exhortations, that he even went

121
121

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Trpas Kopv4Atov.' Kai ci
^
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e EIVOV xpyjaopat AOyots). OpocrOv pot KaTa
'

-
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19

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vriAcov AWyec.”
'
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,-
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&TOL yEyv,aviiiaBac Kai 4Thuov ycyovbat, Ka.TaAtit-
TraVOPTCOV at;TOv
Kai Eis
122
eK KA7) cr lay 6ravepxoptivtov• 8v mai
20

illzepav K O.CYTTIV TCO V ciSeAsbtZv

8
 80,
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, VI.
VI.XLIII. 16-20
16-20 ,.
^. ' 1 86 1 1
1^6
Passing
16(1 to be
no longer wished
•"
away and departed in anger. For he said
1)6 a presbyter,
enamoured of a different philosophy."
^,
&88^ over a few things, he again
&§& adds
83,(1 that he
68)76, since he was
&(8 as
-&
"11\8 :
9,8 follows

,(^ 6)66&^
\6
:

"
,
" For when this illustrious person deserted the
£ which, \16
Church of God, in \11,
\1^
when he came to 1)666,
believe, he
was deemed worthy of the presbyterate through the
£ \1 laid his hand on him to
& (6
favour of the bishop, who

, , & -^
confer that order (meeting the opposition of all &11 the
6§)
clergy and many lay \11
1^,^ persons as well—since — one who
1)&1 by
13 received baptism
has \) affusion ^1 on his bed owing
^;
to sickness, as Novatus had, might not 1) be ordained to
\^

, [^,] ,^
— \;1 the 60[8;
an order—with request that he should be1) allowed
).
to ordain this man alone). . . ."."

'^, &^811§
. .

Then he adds something else, the worst of all the

\6
man's offences, saying thus : "" For when he has made
: &
^, ^ &
the offerings, and is distributing to each his portion,2
§8
as he gives it [into their hands] he compels the
&8

^ <)^ \&- 3
wretched persons to utter an oath instead of the

-, £
"

^ ( 1)1 his hands those of him who

blessing, taking in both
§
had received, and not letting go until they swear
saying thus (for I shall use his very words) : Swear
16 by
to me
.' ;
1> the Blood and Body of our Lord Jesus Christ
:
'
\&

,
& &
never to forsake me and turn to Cornelius.' And
the miserable person does not taste until he first

, &^
calls down a curse upon himself, and instead of saying

.' ^ 1),

& 1)11) ,
the Amen as he receives that bread, he says, I will '

"
not return to Cornelius.' "
&^
And after other remarks he again says as&8follows :

^ ,&..
1\
:

1)
"" But know that now he has become bare and desolate,
for every day the brethren desert him and go back 1)1 §
1
i.e.
.. by pouring water, not by
1) immersion.
* i.e.
.. of the Sacrament.

123
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KACVOIAE'Vy irWS
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CIANTIC

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Tfig

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via, Tis 7T1v imp' i julv, 771.CITOC ypcov, cl ia4crtra)s-
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,•
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ci,xev KCLi yap TEOZIKEL. yo
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01.18Eis Trpou-
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124
124
 80, .
\ .^
008.
ECCLES. HISTORY, VI.

(3 86,
,
20—
VI.xmii. 20—xLIv. 22

&^\
,.
to the Church. And Moses, that blessed martyr who

^; , - & &€1
1)
38 now bore a3.goodly and marvellous testimony
just

&&
& ^,
amongst us, while he was

\;1 the
and with
\'8 still in the world, perceiving

6)1; ,." , &

1)16off communion with
his insane arrogance, broke
16 five presbyters who, along
&1§ with
\1;1 him
\11 him, had
&& -
^ ,
separated themselves from the

&^ (1
£
16 Church."
16 close of the letter he has made a cata-
And at the
1)88 present at Rome who
logue of the bishops
"
\1 condemned
the stupidity of Novatus, indicating at once both 3}
, , , ^ \ £
their names and the name of the community over
which each one presided ; and of those who

3§
; \1 were
\§
& &,
not present, indeed, at Rome, but

, ,
each lived and from \11

^.,
of Antioch.

, \} , ^
XLIV. But to this same Fabius,
-,
\1signified in
1>1;who
writing their assent to the judgement of the aforesaid,

&
. , &
he mentions the names and, as \1
& well, the city where
which each wrote. This is what
Cornelius wrote for the information of Fabius, bishop

, \1
£)8, when he was \8

.\ ^. ^-
& 3§
marks \11
\&(1 the schism, Dionysius
inclining somewhat towards
also, he of Alexandria, wrote, making many other re-

, with reference to repentance in his letter to

him, and describing the conflicts of those lately

, \111\
martyred at Alexandria. In the course of his narra-
tive he tells a certain astonishing tale, which must
be handed down in this work. It 8
-

^,
needs 1) is as
&8 follows :
:

" 18 one example that happened amongst us

" But this 3
I shall set forth for thee. There was \8 a certain
,
.
, §
,
Serapion amongst us, an old man and a believer,
1§
, 1)1,
who lived blamelessly for a long time, but in the trial

. 1)§ [)1],
fell. This man oftentimes besought [absolution], and

,
no one paid him heed. For indeed he had sacrificed.
And, falling sick, he continued for three successive
)8
days speechless and unconscious ;1) ; but on the fourth

125
125
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^'
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,
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"

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. 8' O
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8
• "^
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77" ‘c. TOOT ' at) E1.1) jICP EfitaaplIvOS (ipa rtva Tp67rov

. &
avTCU ypcidia• "Acovtkrios• Noovartavci) (18E44)

1
^

126
126
3 '8
This was done in the sick man's house. The "" Eucharist"
. ^.
^ ). .'
:

&\ , &^
,
, ^, ^
'
80, .
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, VI.VI. 3—,. 11
XLIV. 3—XLV.

,
he rallied a little, and calling his grandson to him, he
1§,my child, do ye hold me back ??
said : ' How long,
Haste ye, I pray, and grant me a speedy release ;

^ ^,
do thou summon me one of the presbyters.' And
having said this he again became speechless. The
;

.\ &^
boy

§
,
&&,
§
\11

&
[) ran for the presbyter. But it was night, and he
was unwell and could not come. Yet since I had
3
given an order that those who were departing this
life, "

^ \, )1,& 1)§1,
if they besought it, and especially £
1),
if they had
made supplication before, should be absolved, that

&,1)§'. 1
they might depart in hope, he gave the little boy
8&11 portion £
small
1)a
of the eucharist, bidding him soak it
and let it fall in drops down into the old man's mouth.
\1 &,
Back came the 1) boy with ,
\1;1 it, and when he was \3.near,

& ,
1)" ^&
before he entered, Serapion revived again and said,

, (3,
'

.' ^ &,, ^
Hast thou come, child ?? The presbyter could not

,
come, but do thou quickly what he bade thee, and
(][11)\11;

\ & ,
time poured it into his mouth, and when he had

&
let me depart.' The boy soaked it ^1 and at the same

^
\&11\(1&a little he straightway gave up the ghost.
swallowed

&,&
^.
Was it not plain that he was preserved and remained

^
,
. .
^ 8
he had done ?? "
,.
,*,
\,
"
&1\1§£
out, he might be acknowledged for all §
until he obtained release, that, with his sin blotted
&11 the good deeds

XLV. Such is the account of Dionysius. But let

\6
us see the kind of letter that the same person wrote
\
3.1

^ - ^ ,
also to Novatus, 2 who was then disturbing the Roman
brotherhood. Since, then, he put forward some of the

& ,&
brethren as an excuse for his defection and schism,
& having been compelled by them to proceed to this
^, '
as 8
length, see how Dionysius writes to him : "" Dionysius
:

^^
wine—
2
^
.
must therefore have 1)€

See
866note on 43.
43. 1.
1.
or unconsecrated
been soaked in water,
—a very early instance of communion in one kind.
127
127
 . €.,' / ^^ - EUSEBIUS

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19, 17 jppcZoilat GE, EXC/ILEVOI,
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XLVI. Tai3Ta Kai 7rpOs TOP NoovaTov• ypasda 11
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EV ^g Ta
8.
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{
Kai 7rptis Ko'Awva (Ti)s eEpp,oviroAirCu'v 84 Trapoodas 22
?
77. 6cricoiros• v otiTos) 181.a TLS 7rep6 atteravolas airroe,

'*^ ^
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,
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^,
,'.
.
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ypa0eZaa• Kai Tois KaTa Aao51,Kaav aScAykiS, ^,
,
coy wpotcrTaro OnAviapris 6TIO7COTTOS', Kai Tots

' ,
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TAEG, ,
WV77-caxinrcycv 111cpovci,v7is. npas awacrt
-
O 33

,
TO OTOIS Kai KopvnAtcp VI) KaTa elpd,p,r)v ypciOEt,
.

KEKACiaBa
^ - ^/
Seecittevos a.in-o6 TO KaTa TOO NOOVaTOV jrc-
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t &re) TE TA6ov TOO Ev Tapw Tats
KtAtKias jr-caKO7rov Kai Taw A0G7T6)1, TWV crini aOrcp
-
128
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, VI.

^§ £&8
^, 1^
VI. ,.1—XLVI.
xLv. 1— ,S3

§6§.
1)116, greeting. If£thou wast
to Novatianus a. brother,
,.
\\'3,8 led

& & ^ &^,

on unwillingly, as thou sayest, thou wilt

\ ^^, ,•^,
\1 prove it by
\11§1. For a man ought to suffer anything
retiring willingly.
and everything rather than divide the Church of God,
and it were not less glorious to incur martyrdom to
^^^
£
\)

^ \&&&-\ ^.&, &

avoid schism than to avoid idolatry, nay, in my opinion
\6 .
it were more so. For in the one case a man is a
martyr for the sake of his own single soul, 1)

, ^ ^
but in the
£
other for 16 £
the sake of the whole Church. And if thou
wert even now to persuade or compel the brethren

, &. -
to come to one mind, thy 1) recovery will be
than thy fall, and the one will not be
16
the other will be praised. But if
\11 1)6
,^ -
1^6 greater

" they obey thee not, ,

1)6 reckoned, while

. \6,
and thou bast no power, by

to peace in the Lord."

,. ,."
^ .
,^^,
1)^ all

1 \6
&
3,11 means save thine own

soul. 1 pray that thou mayest fare well \61and cleave

XLVI. This also he wrote to Novatus. And he

\1&
wrote also to the Egyptians a letter On Repentance,
1

,
in which he has set forth his opinions with

&). ^ ^
to those who had fallen, outlining degrees of failures.
And to Colon (1

^
(he \& £
was bishop of the community of the
£
Hermopolitans) a personal letter of his is extant On
Repentance, and another in the nature of a rebuke
&.
\11 reference
"

,
. , , ,
to his flock at Alexandria. Among these there is also

1)1
the brethren at Laodicea over whom Thelymidres

, ^»,
1)
presided&as bishop ; and he wrote to those in
;

11\8 On Repentance, whose

Armenia, likewise

^
Meruzanes. In addition to all

&,
\
the letter written to Origen On Martyrdom ; and to

\ ;

\16 bishop was

11 these he wrote also
\1
to Cornelius of Rome, when he received his letter
against Novatus, in which also he clearly indicates
that he had been invited by
1) Helenus, bishop at Tarsus
\

in Cilicia, and the rest of the bishops with him,

^1 See
866 note on 43.
43. 1.
1.

..
VOL. II •F 129
129
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130
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,,.& & 80, ,.

^ ^,
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, VI.
VI.XLVI. 3-5
3-5

)^ ,
&
namely Firmilian in Cappadocia and Theoctistus in
Palestine, to attend the synod at

&. , -&
&1 Antioch, where
certain were attempting to strengthen the schism of

.&, &
Novatus. Moreover he writes that he had received
information that Fabius

"
3,1)8 had fallen asleep, and that
Demetrian was appointed his successor in the episco-
pate of Antioch. And he writes also
^^&1 with
\1; reference

words
,^
:
"
.",
^^£1^, saying in these very
to the bishop of Jerusalem,

put in prison, happily entered into his rest."

,-
\(1'1 man, being
\(1 : "" For Alexander, that wonderful 1)§
^^

^
,
"
Next to this there is also another extant, a&

^. ,& -
" diaconic""1

^ ^
^ £
letter of Dionysius to those in Rome

&
through Hippolytus. To the same people he com-
&11
.
posed another letter On Peace, and likewise On
Repentance, and again another to the confessors
there while they were still in agreement with the \1
\
. , "
opinion of Novatus. And to these same persons he
\
, , & &&
wrote two more, after they had returned to the
Church. And in his communications with many
others, likewise 1) 1)1
by letter, he has left behind a varied

\§.
guesses.
^1168568.
"

,
source of profit to those \1
by his writings.
)

,: .\
who still to this day set store

Hippolytus, who seems

the letter, cannot be
1)€ identified.
& 3&6
1)6 the bearer of
6618 to have been

...
131
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132
132
 8
CONTENTS OF BOOK VII

6
/
VII

/^ ^. $/
The Seventh Book of' the Ecclesiastical History
contains the following ::

£
. On the evil disposition of Decius and Gallus.
I.
.
\,
II. The £
16 bishops
1)18 of Rome in their day.
^^, 1§
.
III.
III.

^ -
How Cyprian, along with the bishops on
his side, was the first to hold the opinion

6 \1 were turning from hereti-

that those who

IV.
IV•

V.
VI.
VI.
VII.
\^ ^;
cal error ought to 1)6

&
this subject.
81)360.
On the peace after

)&1)1
)^88
.
&{;6 the persecution.

-- -. . "
&1)118.
On the heresy of Sabellius.

^,
by 1)&1.
be cleansed )^ baptism.
Flow many letters Dionysius composed on

VII. On the abominable error of the heretics and

the God-sent vision of Dionysius, and the
"
VIII.
VIII.

& ^)^
"
On the heterodoxy of Novatus.
" ..
rule of the Church which he had received.

IX. On the ungodly baptism of the heretics.

IX.
.
X.
XI.
^^ &
On Valerian and the persecution in his day.
XI. On the things that then happened to
Dionysius 3,
and those in §)^.
Egypt.
133
133
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ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, VII.
VII.CONTENTS

XII.

XIII.
&. ^^
XII. On those
1;186 who
in Palestine.

\ -^. &..
XIII. On the peace
XIV.
.
\1 were martyred at Caesarea
6&06under Gallienus.
068&6

XIV. The bishops who flourished at that time.

XV.
XVI.

\§^ ^
XV. How Marinus was martyred at Caesarea.
XVI. The story of
XVII.
.,
" Astyrius.
16 signs at Paneas of
XVII. On the
" our Saviour.
working of
" the mighty

.^ ^.
XVIII. ^1€.
XVIII. On the throne of James.
XIX. 16 festal letters of£Dionysius, where
XIX. On the
6§;
6 \8
also he draws up a canon concerning the

^.
Pascha.
XX. On the happenings at Alexandria.
XX.
XXI.
XXII.
.
.
XXII. On the reign of£Gallienus.
XXIII. On Nepos and his schism.
XXIII.
XXIV. On the Apocalypse of
XXIV. " John.
^11.
.
XXI. On the disease that visited it.

XXV.

.
XXV. On the letters of"Dionysius.

\.
,
§616
XXVII. On the
XXVII.
. \
-
XXVI. On Paul of Samosata and the heresy put
XXVI.
together by
1) him at

known at that time.

.^ ^
XXVIII. How Paul was
cated.

- -
:Antioch.
1)1
16 illustrious bishops who were
\66 well
\8 refuted and excommuni-
1667
XXIX. On the perverse heterodoxy of the Mani-
cheans, which 1)6§
\11

began precisely at that

1
1
XXX.
time.

, . -^
XXX. On the distinguished churchmen of our own
day, and which of them remained until
6
the attack upon the churches.'
«
)6 €68 of Book VII. into thirty-two
£ Contents does not tally with
This Table of
universally adopted division£
1€.
chapters.
VII.
\11 the new

135
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136
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. vi. 35.
35. «..
2
A.D. 251.
251.
 $^ ,
BOOK VII
VII

,^ ^ ^
IN the composition of the seventh book
&
^
1)1 of the
Ecclesiastical History Dionysius, the §63,

\, ' ^&
great bishop of
the Alexandrians,' will again assist us in our task by1))

& .
"
& ,
his own words, indicating in turn each of the things
\66done in his day, by
that were "
\) means of the letters he
16

. ^
has left behind. From that point of time my record
will 116
\11 1>6§§.
take its beginning.
I. When Decius had reigned for an entire period of

,&,
•^ 1& ,^
,^
1\ years, he was forthwith murdered along
less than two
.^
with his sons, and Gallus succeeded him.2 At this

&, ].&, \§^-

time ^s Origen died, having completed the seventieth
year save one of his life. Now when writing to
Hermammon, Dionysius speaks as

[
:
11\, with
3, follows, \11
reference to Gallus : ""But not even did Gallus recog-
nize the fault [in the policy] of Decius, nor );
, 1) . yet did he

&§&

., \
also
, ^. &)^
^
look to that which caused his fall, but

^, ^, \
against the same stone that was

§§&§
\1
For when his reign \&

,
health. Therefore along
\.
1 )1(1
31 he stumbled
\&before his eyes.
was prospering, and matters were
going according to his mind, he drove away the holy
men who were supplicating God for his peace and
&1§ with them he banished
&1 their prayers on his behalf."
1)1."
^
11)

^ ^: ^
3
'

. &
II. So much, then, concerning him. But in the
city of the Romans, when Cornelius brought his
A vague date: Origen died apparently in 255,
reign of Valerian.
255, in the

137
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.
6&
,
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, VII.

& . ,^&^ , ^
,
& \>
. 1—v.
VII. u. 1—. 11
1<8
episcopate to an end after about three years, Lucius
was
\&8 appointed his successor ; but

(|8 ^ \1 &
; 1) he exercised his
ministry for less than eight entire months, and dying
transmitted his office to Stephen. To him Dionysius

\
£
indited the first of his letters On Baptism, no small

&7 ^ && , &^-.

& ,
question having then arisen as & to whether it were
"

^
necessary to cleanse by 1)&1 those who
\) means of baptism \1

,
III.
^ ,
were turning from any heresy whatsoever. A custom,
which \&8
was at any rate old, having prevailed in such

&&^,
&^^
\1 "
cases to use only prayer with the laying on of hands,
III. Cyprian, pastor of the community at & Carthage,
^ ^
1\ £
\& the first of those of his day to consider that they

,
was

1)
^ & ^& &.
ought not to be

^
, ^
1) admitted otherwise than by

&-
been first cleansed from their error1))

& &
-
\) having
by baptism. But
Stephen, thinking that they ought not to make any

&. & ^
innovation contrary to the tradition that had pre-
1)§§, "

, - ^\^)\,
thereat. IV.
3. ^
vailed from the beginning, was full of indignation
^^^8^1,therefore, having communi-
IV.Dionysius,

.
\1 , very great length

^ &^^^&§, ,
cated with him on this point at
in a letter, at &-
& its close shows that with the abate-
ment of the persecution the churches everywhere,
having now rejected the innovation of Novatus, had
resumed peace among themselves. He writes thus :

& , \ \-,
V. "" But know now, brother, that all
V.

-,
11 the churches in
-^, which were formerly
the East and still further away,

,
:

,
6^\ ^^ 1>
,
(
divided, have been united, and all

, ( ^
11 their presidents
everywhere are of like mind, rejoicing above measure
at the unexpected arrival of peace : Demetrian at

.
:

Antioch, Theoctistus at Caesarea, Mazabanes at

),
Aelia, Marinus at Tyre (Alexander having fallen

,
asleep), Heliodorus at Laodicea (for Thelymidres has
),
entered into his rest), Helenus at Tarsus and all the
churches of Cilicia, Firmilian and all 11Cappadocia.

139
139
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1 Cor. 6,1i
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6, 11

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1 Cor. 5, 7
5, 7raAacCis Kai dKaOdprov

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8 .s,a TTAECOVCOV 77 &ITECACIL.
8a -
dAtya,

1140
40
.
,&
For I name only the more eminent bishops,
&^
,
6
^3 ^
1§
80,
; ..
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, VII. . 1-6
VII. v.

,
1-6

1>88,to avoid
making my letter long and my discourse tedious.

,
Nevertheless, the Syrias 3 as a. whole and Arabia,
which ye constantly help and to which

, , ^^ \11ye have now

written, and Mesopotamia and Pontus and Bithynia,

, §^ §^
and, in a word, all

Such 13 £ .
&11 everywhere rejoice exceedingly in
1)16
their concord and brotherly love, giving glory to
."
God."

& 16 . ,
16 account of Dionysius. But when
is the
Stephen had fulfilled his ministry for two

&,&1\§
was succeeded\)
\16
1\ years, he
by Xystus. To him Dionysius penned

)
a second letter On Baptism, showing the opinion and
3.

decision 1)1

&
"
& -1
1)18.
both of Stephen and of the other bishops.
About Stephen he speaks thus : "" Now he had written

,
formerly with reference 1)11
:

both to Helenus and Fir-

, &
3. all
milian and 11 those from Cilicia and Cappadocia and,
1)
-
£,
, ,&&..
in fact, Galatia and all

&
&11 the provinces that border on
these, to the effect that he would not hold com-
munion in future with them either, for this same 8&
& ^
&^ ,
;

^(^, &
reason ; since, says he, they rebaptize heretics.

,
£
And look thou at the importance of the matter. For r
1)
&
decrees on this question have been actually passed
&,
& ."
.
those who
^^
1&§
&
"
in the largest synods of bishops, & as I learn, so that
\1 come over from heresies are first placed
under instruction, then washed and purged again

\, &,, ^ -
£
from the filth of the old and impure leaven. And I
1)1§
wrote beseeching him on &11 all these matters."

-^^
1)1
,
&^
And, after other remarks, he says : "" And to our
:

^
& ,
mon, \1
]
beloved fellow-presbyters also, Dionysius and Phile-

[ )\ 1)
who had formerly been of the same opinion

\
as Stephen and wrote [some letters] to me about the
same matters, &
^."
greater length."
1),
at first I wrote briefly, but1) now at

141
141
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142
Sabellius held &;
that Father, Son, 8
8, and Holy Spirit were
.,
,^.So much \;1 ^
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, VII.80,
VII. v. 6— 3
. 6—vii.
with regard to the question of which
am speaking. VI. \6(&§
^
&
\11 I
VI.But when indicating in the same
"
,
.
:

^
"11\68of the Sabellian

^&
letter, with reference to the followers
168,^
heresy, that they were prevalent in his 1 &^
18day, he speaks

^ 8
thus : "" For as
1£8
'
:

,
8 to the doctrine now set on foot at
Ptolemais in the Pentapolis, an impious doctrine

, >
8) , \ ,&
which contains great blasphemy concerning the

^ -^^
Almighty God, Father of our Lord Jesus
great unbelief as
"
^88Christ, and
3,8 to His only-begotten Son, the

\1 was \8 made
,
firstborn of 11
&,
—
all creation, the Word who
\]1 is without
man, and which
Spirit,—when there came to me from both
1>11
documents and also the brethren who
,
"
\11;perception of the Holy
1)1
1)11sides both
\1 were ready to}^
& (^,
" , ^^
&
discuss the question, I wrote some letters, as
able
&1)1 by
)^ the help of God, giving an exposition of the

." "
matter in a. somewhat didactic manner ; of which
send thee the copies."
VII. &,
;

VII. And in the third of those On Baptism, which

£
\11I
\11
\&
&8 I was
£

\\
3,
,^
the same Dionysius wrote to Philemon the Roman
"
, & 1) 11\\'§ : "" But as
presbyter, he relates the following &8 for

&^ , .\1 ^
:

me, I read both the compositions and the traditions

)£)1^,
of the heretics, polluting my soul for a little with their
abominable thoughts, yet all 11 the while deriving this
advantage from them, that I could refute them for

^
myself and loathed them far more. And indeed a
" ))^,
certain 1)1,
brother, one of the presbyters, attempted to

\188,"
1)^
dissuade and frighten me from becoming involved in

^ \ .
the mire of their wickedness, for he said that I should
^,
\;
;

§§11
injure my own soul ; and said truly, as I perceived.
,
But a vision sent 1)

^
by God came and strengthened me,
\;^ , ^^ -
,.
and a word of command was given me, saying ex-
pressly : Read all11things that may come to thy
: '
}^
^ £683
only rpOcronra or characters by which God is8 revealed to men:
the Trinity being one of revelation, not of essence. See 26.
26. 1.
1,

143
143
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19, 14 .'
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&^ . & ,
(LX X)
efl TETdp711 atiToi) TWV wept Pawricrilaros j776- 6
8
^ ^

1
^ 83,^is quoted by
This saying
. \)many earlier writers, and is
usually cited as a saying of Christ. But /.
144
144
. 21.
cf. 11 Thess. v. 21.
.
.,
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY,VII.

& \1 ^,
^& -
matter ; which thing was
.'
}66
, &^
;

§6 1\
VII. vii. 3-6

faith.' I accepted the vision, as

-&^.'
3 6

hand. For thou art able to sift and prove each

\3originally the cause of thy
&§€6§with the
&8agreeing
apostolic saying addressed to the stronger : ' Show
.
£
'
-

&
:

»^
yourselves approved money-changers.' "" ^
&1§
,
Then, making certain remarks about &11 all the heresies,,
§6
&.
&
he goes on to say : "" This rule and pattern I myself
606
•
^^,
, &
€[^
done that, but,
:

1)686pope 22 Heraclas. For those

received from our blessed
who came over from the heresies, &11§1
(
although they had
departed from the Church (or rather, had not even

), &^ ,
&, 1)1;,while still reputed members of the
congregation, were charged with frequenting some
"

& &^ -
false teacher), he drove from the Church, and refused

clared&11
,'
to listen to their entreaties until they publicly de-

^
all that they had heard from them that

^^,
oppose themselves,' and then he admitted them

second 1)&1. ^^
(:[§ "
to the congregation, without requiring of them a
'

baptism. For they had formerly received the

&

holy [baptism]
[1)&18]from him." ."

, \ 1)^,^,&
^,
And again, after a protracted discussion of the
(^, "
, 1
question, he adds &

\
as follows : " I have learnt this
:

also, that the Africans did not introduce this practice

^
now for the first time, 1>
;
but that long before, in the

. \,
populous churches and the synods of the brethren,
in Iconium and Synnada and in many places, this ,-
days of the bishops that were before us, in the most
1)1,

.
course was adopted. And I do not dare to overturn

,
,' .'
their decisions and involve them in strife and con-

^^' &,\11) \
tention. For thou shalt not remove,' he says, 'thy
'

neighbour's landmarks, which 1)^ thy fathers placed.' "

The fourth of his letters on baptism was\& written to
"
'

2
* vd,ra : this is
:

Alexandrian bishop 8 1)8

.^ £\
18 the earliest known occasion on which
," \11an
is entitled "" pope," though later on there
are several instances of the practice.
145
145
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146
146
8
 80, .
, ,.
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY,VII.

"

^ & § &&^
3,1;

65)6&1;,but
worthy of the presbyterate,

&
6— 2
VII. vii. 6—ix.

)?^88of Rome, who at that time had 1)6

Dionysius
1§ & .
been deemed
1)111 not long afterwards

.
received also the episcopate there. From it one may
learn how that he 16 too had witness paid him by \)
&)1
Dionysius of Alexandria for his learning and admirable

, £
qualities. In the course of his letter to him he
11\^
mentions the affair of Novatus in the following terms ::
\

&^1
" For it is with good reason indeed that we
\£
VIII.
VIII. "

&&,
feel enmity towards Novatian, who caused a division

; ^ ,^8
&\ "
in the Church and drew away some of the brethren1)1
to impieties and blasphemies, and introduced as \11
8,8 well

&1)God, and falsely accuses

most profane teaching about

^, &^
3^
our most compassionate 1.(
,
Lord Jesus Christ of being
^;
-
\111: mercy ; and above all this, hf) sets at naught
without

^
;

^
the holy washing, and overturns the faith and con-

^
,
,
,
Spirit from them, even though there was
"
. \1
1)1
fession that precede it, and entirely banishes the Holy
\8 some hope
."
of His remaining with or even returning to them."

,,
IX. And his fifth letter was written to Xystus,
IX.
§&
, ^ ,^.
1)1 ,
bishop of the Romans. In it, speaking much against
£11\§ thing that
the heretics, he sets forth the following
" 1),

^& .
happened in his day, saying : "" Of a truth, brother,
"
1)
11\§• matter 18
The following

,), ,, £ ^'
fearful lest after all

^ ^,
:

£ "
I have need of counsel, and ask an opinion of thee.
1) ,
has come before me, and I am
&11 I be
1) mistaken. Of 0£the brethren
\1 meet together for worship there is one, reckoned
who
£&1£1, £
£
present with
1§ ,
.\^ £ ^^-
faithful, of long standing, a member of the congrega-
1)£ ^

[^ 1)£
tion before my ordination, and, I think, before the
appointment of the blessed Heraclas. Having been
\1 were recently being
\11 those who
1)
1)§ baptized,
8\,
1)&1,
and having heard the questions and answers, he came
11£
1)\1§himself and falling 1)£
to me in tears, bewailing £11§before
147
147
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, .
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148
148
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. Ten, Failov oi3S'
roaaDTa.
O'Aocs. ITEMV 11
^
,
^ ^^ ,
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, VII. 2— . 11
VII. Ix. 2—x.

8\&^ that the baptism

my feet ; confessing and swearing 1)&1
.

^
;

with which he had been baptized by the heretics,

\ 81
was not such as
1)66 \)
&8 this and had nothing in common
"
with it inasmuch as
blasphemies.
1}3,81668. He said
&;
&8 it had been
8& that he was \
)66 full of impieties and
&8 now altogether
&§6
lift up his ,^
pricked in heart and had not courage so much as to
1)6§§ with those
18 eyes to God, after beginning \1
^ ;

&&^
unholy words and deeds ; and therefore he begged 1)§§6

§ ^^ . ^
that he might receive this most pure cleansing and
reception and §6.
,
£
grace. This I for my part did not dare
1^-§
to do, saying that his long-standing communion with
1
,
us had 1)66
been sufficient for this purpose. For since he
had heard the Thanksgiving and joined in saying the

,
Amen, and stood beside the Table and stretched forth
his hands to receive the

,
^ ^ ^,1§
1)§^. ;
"

-
16 holy food, and had received
it and partaken of the Body and Blood of our Lord
for a long time, I should not dare to build him up

^
again from the beginning. But I kept exhorting him ^
. , ,^ ,
, §
-
to be
1)6 of good courage, and to approach for the partici-
" \1
pation of the holy things with firm faith and good
hope. But he never ceases his lament, and shudders
to approach the 'Fable, and scarcely, though invited,
€888
.^
,, 11< his stand with the consistentes
does he dare to take
"
at the prayers. 1 "
In addition to the above-mentioned letters, there
£
by

" , ,
)88 ,
is extant also another of his On Baptism, addressed
1) him and the community over which he ruled to
Xystus and the church at Rome, in which with a long 1§

, §6
€[6.
,.
in question. And, after these, there

.
,.
)]
proof he gives a protracted discussion of the subject "
8 yet another
1166 is
letter of his extant, to Dionysius at Rome, that with

.
reference to Lucian. So much for these matters.
.X. But to resume. Gallus and his associates held
1
^ , : €0 .
avvco-Tavat rail rpoactixais: see vi. 42.
42. 5.
5.
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^,,,
,. (
&,
Rev. xiii. 5.
5. (The text differs somewhat from that of
1
^

.. ..)
A.V. and R.V.)
2
^Apparently, in the preceding
606(3^ context, Dionysius had
quoted a passage of Scripture, not from the Apocalypse,
150
 & , & ^ £
VII. .
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY,VII.

&
x. 11-4
4

less than two entire ^&,

-
":

\\•6

& ^.
the principate for 1688

^& ^
-
18 son Gallienus
with his

&
years, and then
were removed out of the way ; and Valerian along

6 8 - & 8€6 8 ;

0&1168 succeeded to the government.

Once more we may learn from his letter to Her-

\ ^
mammon the description that Dionysius gives of him "
11\§
^
also ; in which he gives an account of the following
;

^ -^ £ ^.'
'

&, ,^ &
:

speaking ^6&
66 \ ^
^11also it is likewise revealed :
kind : "" And to John

&1)1) "
,'
And there was given to him,' says 1, he, a& mouth
1)1&16,and there was
great things and blasphemy,
given to him authority and forty and two
One may wonder &1;
\8
1\ months.' ^
at both of these things 2^ under
Valerian, and of them note especially the nature of
'

£
8
. ^ 1\
his previous conduct,' how mild and friendly he was
6
, , &'
"
to the men of God. For not a single one of the

-
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\3,
8 kindly and favourably
\8 so
\8
"
£&1)1
\6
,
&. &^ ,
disposed towards them, not even those who were
said to have been
1)€6 openly Christians, as& he manifestly
when he received them ,
•&, \16
was, 1)6§§ in the
at the beginning
,
^^ ,^
most intimate and friendly manner ; indeed all ; &11 his
house had been \1
1)66 filled with godly persons, and was \£ a

^^*
church of God. But the master and ruler of the
synagogue of the Egyptian magician' persuaded
&
6 , ^^ §6 rid of them, bidding him slay and pursue
him to get

^). ^
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^&^
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^
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^
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and sight, and by

))6 ^^
\6
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1)6§
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uttering words, of scattering the designs of the bane-
\).&-
-
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ful demons). And he advised him to perform un-
6,
hallowed rites, and abominable juggleries and ill- 11-

&, ( ^
.^ ,
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..
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which predicted Valerian, and (as we may suppose) depicted

()
him as favourable to the Church. The word " "both
(cii,c067 epa) refers to it and Rev. xiii. 5.
-

* Reading re, rpara, with three mss.,

3

4*
i.e.
5.

(
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38., in place of
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pitiated them (sc.
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\(1>follows,
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»*
reproduced in English, between X6-ycop ("
8
the demons) in order to gain his ambitious
\1
11\5,which cannot be
(" accounts")
1)6
") and
152
 ,
8§^-&,
VII. .
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY,VII. x. 4
4-8
8 -

§^
omened 868,
sacrifices, such&8 £
as cutting the throats of

\1 §
\616
wretched boys £ hapless
1)^8 and sacrificing children of £688
&68 £opening up the entrails
parents and
&£ , 61•&1 of new-born babes,

&8

events were

\1 \ ^&
&
."
and cutting up and mincing the handywork of God,
as if all this would 1)§

&-^&.^ &
)^^
-
bring them divine favour."

when he was regarded as

-,.
§8
And in addition he goes on to say : "" Goodly at

"
to them for the Empire of his hopes.' Formerly
:

\^6the thank-offerings that Macrianus made

£
3.1 all
11

&8 minister over the imperial

,
accounts as
able
&\
1
& a& whole, he displayed neither a reason-

&
&1)1 nor a catholic mind. But he has fallen under
the prophetic curse which
,3§
\11says : ' Woe unto them that
:
'

prophesy from their heart, and see not the whole.'

^ ^
\11.'
For he did not understand the universal Providence,

^ ,
nor did he suspect the judgement of Him who
1)
before 3,11

'
all and through all
11 and over all.
£
\1 is8
11. Therefore
1
, "
he has come to 1)
& , 1)1
^
,
\11His Catholic Church,
be at enmity with
and so alienated and estranged himself from God's

,
, § \ ,
\
Valerian, 1)§
\ being induced1)

\
88)1from
mercy and banished himself as far as possible
his own salvation, in this proving true his name." *2

^ ^,
And again, after other remarks, he says : "" For
by him to this course of
action, was given over to insults and reproaches,

)8,
according to that which was said to Isaiah : ' And
these have chosen their own ways and abominations,
."
:

:
'
£

^,
in which their soul ^^,
81 delighteth, and I will \11choose

&
.' \
their mockings, and their sins I will

,, .&& ,
,'
\11recompense
them.' Now this man,3 in his mad desire for the
€\^ (" reasonable "), and &8
eno-yop (" "), also between Ka.06Xou and

. ^")
KaBoXEK6v ; and, in order to maintain this latter play,
£

;.
;

Dionysius, in his quotation of " Ezek. xiii. 3 (r.xx),

(,), takes TO
ocatMou 8
" adverbially ("
of
"
as the object
(" not at all
11 ").
").
("
3]61;of the sentence (" the whole ") instead

("
2 2 Another play upon words : Macrianus and Aapcpbs

'
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(*'£& ").
3
:

3 i.e. 1 \
{^^^ Macrianus ; he was lame.

153
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258.
 ,
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, VII.

& "
VII. x.

\\'1 he ^3,8
imperial rule of which
8— 4
. 8—xi.
-,
was not worthy, and unable
\1
8 )68, put
to deck his maimed body with the imperial robes,
.

'
,& &-^
£\&(1
forward his two 88, 606€
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\&\
&
88. For in them was
sins. \&8clearly fulfilled the prophecy
that God spake : ' Visiting the sins of
:
' " fathers upon
§^66&
&, " 8 \ \ \18
children, until the third and&(1 fourth generation in
68,
.'

^
them that hate me.' For his own evil desires, in
which he failed, he heaped upon the heads of his
8,
sons, 3. 8 wiped off on them his own wickedness
and so

§^ \£ ."
3, his hatred toward God."
and

& &^ ^ , ,
This is the account given by1) Dionysius concerning
&1£.
Valerian. XI. \1
XI. But with regard to the storm of "
^,
}& \ 1-
persecution that raged fiercely in his day, what\13, the

&^ , &
same Dionysius, and others with\1;1 him, underwent for

&
^ ^ &, 1)8
made plain by
£
their piety toward the God of the universe will
1)) his own words which he wrote at
"
\11 be
1)
&
£
.
length against Germanus, one of the bishops of his
, &
&&§&
day \1

^
who was attempting to defame him. He makes

)," ^,
., ,&/ ,,.
,' 3 \1
£11"\§ manner : "" But I am
his statement in the following
in danger of falling, in truth, into great

^ \1
close the secret of a king,
'
§,' he says,
cerning us. But since ' it is good,'
:

§&1foolishness
1)^ forced to the point of compulsion
and stupidity, being
"
to recount the wonderful dispensation of God con-
8&8, ' to keep
'

1) glorious to reveal the

1§, but
works of God,' I will join issue with the violence of
1)
&
-

&.'
Germanus. I came before Aemilianus,1 not alone,

& ), 11\->
11\
1) there followed me my fellow-presbyter Maximus,
but

&
and Faustus, Eusebius, Chaeremon, deacons ; and
1)1 ;

]
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&& \1 1). &1§ with us. And Aemilianus did not
entered in along
lead off with the words ' Do not hold assemblies.'
'

,
& & § [^
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and the last thing [to be
§§
going 1)&1
1) mentioned] by one who
1)§§.
•1 was
back to the very beginning. For his discourse
\8
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&
,, ,
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, VII.

^ & - ^&
was not &1)
\8
1)ۤ
) VII. xi. 4-8
4-8

&88)1§ others, but about not

about not assembling
866,
being Christians ourselves, and from that he ordered
me to desist, thinking that if I were to change, the
.

&^,
^
\1
others also would£11\
&8

. -
.
follow me. But I gave a reply 19.
was not inappropriate, nor far from ' We must obey

^\1 6
&
&16
, '
; ^,
that

God rather than men' ; yea, I testified outright that

§6'

. ,&^\^&& ,- ^
I worship the only God and none other, nor would I
change or ever cease to 1)6be &a Christian. Thereupon
1) 8
he bade us depart to a& village near the desert, called

&
Cephro.
" But hear the things themselves that were spoken

^
on 1)1

-, , &,
both sides, &8
as they were placed on record : When
Dionysius and Faustus and Maximus and Marccllus
, -^
:

^,
and Chaeremon were 1)§1

& \ ^
brought into court, Aemilianus,
the deputy-prefect, said, . . . And verbally I dis-

^§& ^ ,. ,
'
.

coursed with you concerning the kindness that our

.

lords ^1 have displayed on your behalf. For they gave

^
you the opportunity of safety if
.

&".
£ ye were willing to ^^
\1
-

,
turn to that which is according to nature and worship

^
§
^
the gods which preserve their Empire, and forget
\1
those gods which &6

-
are contrary to nature. What,
therefore, say ye to these things? ? For I do not

,
expect that ye)6 will be1) ungrateful for their kind-
;
ness, forasmuch&as they urge}^
.'
& \1 - 1 ^& .
course.'

^,
"
you on to the better

" Dionysius replied : Not all men worship all

:
'
\
&
gods, 1)
\ but each one certain whom he regards as such.

^ \ &^ 1)1 worship and adore the one God and

We therefore both
" ^,
^, ",
\} also committed the Empire
Maker of all things, who

& , &&& ..'

to the Augusti, most highly favoured of God, Valerian
and Gallienus ; and to Him we unceasingly pray for

^
;

their Empire, that it may remain unshaken.'

i.e.
.6. Valerian and Gallienus.

157
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158
158

1
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also,
.
^
,^
&, ^-,
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, VII.

if he
}6 be

\\
& ^
, 1§ \^, ,&§§
VII. xi. 9-12
9-12

"" Aemilianus, the deputy-prefect, said to them :

And who prevents you from worshipping this god
'
.

1)6 a3. god, along with the natural gods ??

For ye were bidden
1)(1(1to worship gods, and gods whom
:

&,
& -,
1\.'

^
all know.'
.'
"" Dionysius replied : We worship no other God.'
:
'

"" Aemilianus, the deputy-prefect, said to them :

^.§&1 :

&
I see that ye are at once ungrateful and insensible
'

&. /
not be
£
.
of the clemency of our Augusti. Wherefore ye shall

& , [] ^,1)& 1)16yourselves to the

1) in this city, but ye shall betake

^.
"
parts of Libya and [remain] in a place called Cephro.

\
For this is the place I chose in accordance with
command of our Augusti. And it shall in no wise be
\\• the
1)
permitted either to you or to any others either to

& )16 §
&,
hold assemblies or to enter the cemeteries,) as

&
are called. If£anyone be
}^^
3. they
1)proved not to have gone to
the place that I commanded, or be
",
1) found at any

^& ^
58^\)\,
assembly, he \11 will 1)§
bring the peril upon himself, for
"
there shall be no lack of the necessary observation.)6;.
&^ ^ ^
§§
"
. ,
Be gone therefore whither ye were bidden.'

^ \
" And even though I was
^
:,
\6 1).'
\& sick, he hurried me away

^ &
without granting me &a single &}'8 day's respite. What
spare time had I then remaining either for holding
&8)1 "
or not holding an assembly ?? "
&
^]-^ ^
Then after other remarks he says ""But we did
not abstain from even the visible assembling of

\, ^
&,
ourselves with the Lord ; nay, I strove the more

\6
;

earnestly to gather together those in the city, as

I were with them, being absent in body,' as
,','
:

,'&^, , & if£

& he ^2 said,

£ ,•
' but present in spirit,' and at Cephro 3,
*
a large church

^
also sojourned with us, some brethren following us

^ II

^€
at the grave of martyrs: /,:
^^§
from the city, others joining us from Egypt. And
It \8
&^ be dangerous to 11\
was felt to 1)6
.
cf. ix. 2.
2.
11\^
^^.
.
allow Christians to assemble
.
i.e. St. Paul.
* ..

159
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,
.,,
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, VII.

&8\ \ £ -86,\. -
VII. xi. 13-17

at first we were pursued, we

.
1§1 £§^
\ -
8
13-17

\6 were stoned, 1)
.
there God opened unto us a door for the word. And
but after-
wards not a few of the heathen left their idols and
turned to God. Then for the first time was the word

&
\1had not
\ ,&, \, &
sown through 011our agency among those who
formerly received.

&, &\^,
1< ,\1
it. It was, as
&§ it were, for this that
God took us away to them, and, when we had fulfilled

1)& [& ] ,
this ministration, took us away again.

^,
^ & <1-11<
as he thought, and more Libyan-like
^,
"" For Aemilianus wished to remove us to rougher,
places, and he
bade those [who were scattered] in every direction to

, &&
[],&§§
83.3.
118

§ ^^ ,,
81
the first to 1)

&1)& & ,
seize 8,
£, & 1
. ^.
stream together to the Mareotian [nome], assigning
&^
separate villages in the district for each party ; but
us he posted more on the road, 8
be arrested. For he evidently was
ing and arranging it, that, whenever he wished to
^: £
;

&&^-
1)
so that we should be
\3.8manag-

us, he might find us all easy of capture. As

1)

&^&
.
for me, when I had been bidden to depart to Cephro,
,
,
I did not even know in what direction the place lay,
1)£
scarcely having heard 8 so much as
\1 §§& &
&8 the name before ;
nevertheless I departed with a good grace and made
no disturbance. But when it was \&told me that I was
;

^^)^ -
\ 1\
present know how \£
to remove to the parts of Colluthion, those who were
1\ I was affected (£ (for here I shall be
1)

^.
my own accuser) : at first I was \&8vexed and exceed-

§ , \11)1
£
:

^\ ;

; £1
ingly angry ; for although the places happened to
,
be better known and more familiar to us, yet it was
1)6
affirmed that the district was
£
\8 without brethren or
persons of good character, and exposed besides to
\8

£ £
But I found encouragement \16
minded me that it was
£
1)1)1)6.
annoyances of travellers and incursions of robbers.
-
when the brethren re-
,^
\& nearer the city,' and that, ,
while Cephro used to 1)§ \11
bring us much intercourse with
1
^ i.e.
.. Alexandria.
..
VOL. II
II 0 6
161
 , €, -
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162
16^2
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6
,, &
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, VII.

8 • ^7, ^^,
^ ^,
brethren from Egypt, so
from \11

^^ ,
which to §£1;16
gather a
VII. xi. 17-20
17-20

8 that there was

.
&8 a3. wider area
3. congregation, yet there, from

-
.
€3,€position of the city, we
the nearer 6^) seeing
\6 should enjoy 866^
& ^,&.,, ,
\\ \)&\ and most inti-

,more constantly those really beloved

mate and dear. They

." \1
districts, 16€
1€}would come, they said, and
stay the night, and, as

, ^, &^!
there would be
8 it proved."
so
8,
&3 in the more remote suburban
1) sectional assemblies. And

';

,
And, after other remarks with reference to what

, \68 again as £11\

,
happened to him, he writes &7,
follows : "" Many,

,
", &— ^^
:

,
3.the16confessions on which Germanus
to be

^ & 1^-
1)6 sure, are
prides himself, many the happenings to his hurt of "

^ ^
\11
" ^& 8

& ^ , ,,,
which he has to tell—even &11

^
make a list of as

, ^, &^ -
all the things that he can
&8 regards us : sentences, confiscations,
:

proscriptions, spoiling of possessions, losses of digni-

ties, despisings of worldly glory, disdainings of com-

&, <8,
&& &&.^ -
mendations and the reverse from prefect and council,
endurance of threats, outcries, perils, persecutions,
\&(1§8,
wanderings, anguish and divers tribulations, such
&8 &1),
as happened to me under Decius and Sabinus, up to
the present time under Aemilianus. But where did
&&
Germanus appear ?? What talk was &1)him ??
\£8there about
But I must cease from the great folly into which I \1

,, 1§

, .,^ ^
^ ." -
am falling on account of Germanus ; wherefore also
;

1)1;1who know
I forbear to give in detail to the brethren
them an account of the events."
The same Dionysius, in the letter also to Domitius
and Didymus, mentions again the happenings of the
persecution, 8
1\

follows : "" But it is superfluous to

as 11\\'8

,^ 6
:

,
recount )by name our people, since they are numerous
1.\
, ^ ^
§, ^ ^^
and unknown to you. Only understand that men and
1)
women, both old men and lads, both girls and aged
women, 1)1 both soldiers and civilians, 1)11
both every race
and every age, some enduring scourgings and fire, ,
163
163
 ,
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ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, VII.
VII. xi. 21-25
21-25

8\, €[ ^,
168
67 1§
-».
acceptable to the Lord, as

, & &^ ^
others the sword, conquered in the fight and have
received their crowns. But in the case of some, a
&
very long time was not sufficient to show them
,,
&^ ,
&§ indeed it is
&
,
8 still seemingly
not sufficient in my case ; wherefore I have been
;

put off, until that suitable time that He knows, by

Him that saith : ' At an acceptable time I hearkened
:
'
1)66
)^

16, and in a day of salvation did I succour

unto thee,
.'
thee.' For since ye make inquiries as to our affairs

&
and desire to be

/ &\
1)6 told how we pass our time, ye have
heard of course how that when we
away prisoners 1)
\66 being
\6 were
\1
1)6§ led
by a centurion and duumvirs with their

^&&& &, - . —
soldiers and servants—I and Gaius and Faustus and
—
Peter and Paul—certain of the nome of Marea came
, \, &§&
up, dragged us by force and carried us away, against our

-
1)61, ,
\,^ ^
&
will and in the face of our refusal to follow them. And
\11

^ &." 1)
1)6
now I and Gaius and Peter only, bereft of the other
brethren, have been shut up in a lonely, parched spot

,, ,. ) &, -^
,
^\), a three-days journey from Paraetonium."
in Libya,
And a little further down he says : "" But in the
:

city there have concealed themselves, secretly visiting

; & , ^,-
the brethren, of the presbyters Maximus, Dioscorus,
&& 1\

^
Demetrius, Lucius. For those who are better known
\,
& ,&
(:[1, are wandering
in the world, Faustinus and Aquila,
about in §)7^.
Egypt. As to the deacons, they who sur-

),
vived those that died in the island are &6 Faustus,
1)§§
^
Eusebius, Chaeremon : that Eusebius, whom from

^,
render with all

&\6&.
:

the beginning God strengthened and prepared to

&
&11 energy the services to the confessors
that were in prison, and at no small risk to perform
the task of laying out the corpses of the blessed and
perfect martyrs. For even to this day the prefect

8 1), 11§
& &,
does not cease from putting to a cruel death, as
said before, some of those who \1 are brought
&
& I have
1)§11; before
165
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166
166
,.
, ^ & ,
80,
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, VII.

,^-
25— 11
VII. xi. 25—xis. . .

§
&& -
168

\16;16 any has been

ing whether
18 God gives
less
6
\1
\16 others he mutilates with tortures, or allows
him, while

,^ 1)66 found so
&11\8
to pine away in imprisonment and chains, giving his
68
^ ^ ^. ,& § &&
^^ 18
8 to go near them, and investigat-
orders that no one is
8 doing ; neverthe-
- ;

186 who are

§68 some respite to those &6 sorely
*

), ,
6886, through the zeal and steadfastness of the

&
pressed,
1)6."
brethren."

,
&^ ), &
Such is the account given1) by Dionysius. It should
\1

^
be
\} observed, however, that Eusebius, whom he calls
a
^, &,
& deacon, shortly afterwards was\38 appointed bishop of

, ,
Laodicea in Syria ; and Maximus, of whom he speaks
;

as a
&
& presbyter then, succeeded Dionysius himself in

\1 along
Faustus, who
1)1
his ministry to the brethren in Alexandria ; 1)
\1
&1§ with him was
but that
;

\£ distinguished at
, , \ &) & &
that time for his confession, was preserved until the
&\
€[1 an old man
"
and full of &)^, -
persecution in our day, and, when quite

, days, was perfected 1)by martyrdom in our

.\
& ^, •8 & &,
^ 1)§ beheaded.
own time, being 1)1&(1.
XII.
&,
XII. So it happened to Dionysius at that time.
\1 £

^,
.," & ,, ,
But during the persecution of Valerian, of which we

-
are speaking, three persons at& Caesarea in Palestine,
£
conspicuous for their confession of Christ, were
1)^
adorned with a divine martyrdom, becoming food for

^ , ,
1&(1.
&
wild beasts. Of these one was called Priscus, the

^)^:^ \ \.,^,^
"
second Malchus, and the name of the third was
8& that these men, who
Alexander. It is said \1 were
\&8

living in the country, at first reproached themselves

for their carelessness and sloth, because instead of
hastening to secure the crown of martyrdom, they )^^

,
were proving contemptuous of prizes, though the

, 1)
1)\§
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as yearned with a heavenly desire. But that when
they had taken counsel thereon, they started for
3^
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167
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* The Persian King, Sapor I.,
., invading the eastern
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emperor Valerian a prisoner.
168
 80, . .
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, VII. 1—
VII. xiI. 1—xixi. 11

£)6-66 .
66
.&. 0686 & ,^
above-mentioned end. Moreover they relate that, ,8&1

^
1)681(168 686,
besides these, a certain woman during the same
persecution and in the same city endured to the end
1)6§

^^ , ^ 8"
a like conflict. But it is18 recorded that she belonged
3.

to the sect of Marcion.

XIII. 1§ &&
XIII. But not long afterwards Valerian underwent
slavery & " 8,
," ^-
at the hands of the barbarians,'
1)&&3,8,^and his 18son,
81 power, 2 conducted the govern-
succeeding to the sole

£ & 686 .
\11 more prudence, and immediately by
ment with \) means

,
of edicts put an end to the persecution against us.

^&
He granted free power to those who \1 presided over
\(1 to perform their accustomed duties, \)
the word by a

§ •^
rescript which runs & as follows : "" The Emperor Caesar
:

)18
Publius Licinius Gallienus Pius Felix Augustus to
^^^^
Dionysius and Pinnas and Demetrius and the other
1)1. )
,* , &
bishops. I have given my order that the benefit of
1)
my bounty should be 1)6 published throughout all 11 the

&&
\(1,
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"
places of worship,2 and therefore ye also may 86 use the

\ .£11 &^^
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\1 ^
8 that none may
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&^
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^
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&
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by me ; and therefore Aurelius Quirinius,

.
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,&1,
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,
."
by me."
^& &^
'
Let this, which for the sake of greater clearness

&,
\8 translated from the Latin, 1)
was

- be inserted. And

&,
there is also extant another of the same emperor's
ordinances, which he addressed to other bishops,

€ \
.
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260 or 261.
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*

.. 253,
253, 1)60
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, §
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them up to the Christians.
169
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170
170
,,,,,
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, VII.

^^
cemeteries, as they are called.
XIV.
1— S3
VII. mi. 1—xv.

&\
.
88 £
giving them permission to recover the sites of the

^&
XIV, At that time Xystus was still ruling the

^
.

,
"
church of 16the Romans, Demetrian, who came after
&,
,
Fabius, the church at

,&,& ^. (1 &-
,, &
& Antioch, and Firmilian at
&
Caesarea in Cappadocia ; and moreover Gregory and
his 1)11
;

1§
brother Athenodore were ruling the churches of
Pontus, pupils of Origen. As to Caesarea in Pales-
tine, on the death of Theoctistus, Domnus succeeded
-11

,&
^
to the episcopate, but
) after he had continued in office
3.

. -&)&8
a short time Theotecnus, our contemporary, was
appointed to succeed him. He also &8was of the school

, §•. ^^&1^, when Mazabanes had

of Origen. But at Jerusalem,

&
^ .& , )
entered into his rest, Hymenaeus succeeded to the

&
throne, the same who
)&
\} was distinguished for very

&
^
)
,
,
many years in our day.
XV. In the time of those persons, when the

(^
. & &
&,
churches everywhere were at peace, a man at
Caesarea in Palestine called Marinus, honoured by
1)
,
1)

. ,
high rank in the army and distinguished besides by \)

^
\1;, was beheaded
birth and wealth, 1)1&(1 for his testimony to

&,& ^&
11\§

- )
Christ, on the following account. There is a certain
-8•\1,
mark of honour among the Romans, the vine-switch,
1), &,

,^-& & ^
and those that obtain it become, it is said, centurions.
\3 vacant, and according to the order of
A post was

.
, &&
promotion Marinus was 1)§

&
\ being called to this advance-
ment. Indeed he was on the point of receiving the
honour, when another stepped forward before the

& &,
tribunal, and stated that in accordance with the
ancient laws Marinus could not share in the rank
\
\ &
( .&) ,
that belonged to Romans, since he was a& Christian
(
(his name was Achaeus) \3.
[ &] & 3§
and did not sacrifice to the emperors ; 1)
; but that the
office fell to himself. And [it is said] that the judge
& was moved thereat, and first
171
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.88. , ^, . .

.
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, VII. 3— 11
VII. xv. 3—xvi.

&& \ &
of all

\ &
^
, \1& views Marinus held ; and then,
&11 asked what
\16 he saw that he was
"
when
€1&,
self a Christian, gave him a space of three hours for
consideration.

,
&,&., \
^ ,& ,
When he came outside the court Theotecnus, the
bishop there, approached and drew him aside in
conversation, and taking him })
;

\&8stedfast in confessing him-

"

by the hand led him

forward to the church. Once inside, he placed him
&^1 & ](1
close to the altar I^ itself, and raising his cloak a little,
-£

pointed to the sword with

1 1)§
,
\1;1 which he was girded ; at
the same time he brought and placed before him the
*
1> ;

^.
1)1 of the divine Gospels, and bade
book 1)3, him choose

\; \1.
which of the two he wished.
^
,.
Without hesitation he stretched forth his right
,"
8&
^
hand and took the divine book. "" Hold fast then,"

,."
& )1& &
said Theotecnus to him, "" hold fast to God ; and,
strengthened by Him, mayest thou obtain that thou

, ^
^
;,
38.
^
hast chosen. Go in peace." As he was \&8returning
thence immediately a herald cried aloud, summoning

\.^
him before the court of justice. For the appointed

.
,& \ ,
^^
time was now over. Standing before the judge he
displayed still greater zeal for the faith ; and

,
;

8&§&7,
straightway, even &
&
and so was perfected.
as he was, was led away to death,

&\, & .
XVI. In that place Astyrius also is commemorated
for the boldness which is dear to God. He was a

,
3.
^&
^
and \11

^
member of the Roman Senate, a favourite of emperors,

\& &.^
well known to all both for birth and wealth. He
&^
was present with the martyr when

^
. § § ,^ Y
he was being
perfected, and raising the corpse ^ upon his shoulder
he placed it upon a splendid and costly robe, and
laying it out with great magnificence gave it a fitting
burial.
^2. ^. {;)61"" ().
Lit. "" tabernacle (grrisivor).
173
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174
174
 , .
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, VII.

,
1— .
VII. xvi. 1—xviii. 22

,
man by

& &
A great

. , \
and also the following wonderful event. XVII.

\^ ^
068&6 Philippi, which
Caesarea
is
&; &&,
down among the springs that are shown there,
£)
§6&1 many other facts are mentioned about this
\) his friends, who have survived to our day,
11\§
,,
XVII. At
\11 Phoenicians call Paneas, it
1•
18 said that on a certain festival a victim is thrown

1166, on the
*
^ '
slopes of the mountain called Pancion, from which

)6 ^^£
16 Jordan takes its source ; and that it becomes
the
&18 ;

invisible in some miraculous way through the demon's

\, 8&6,
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power, a circumstance, they say, &, that is looked upon
by
\) those present as &8 a far-famed marvel. Now [the

,
\
was being

^
demon \1 who -& ^ ,\&^
story goes] that once Astyrius was there when this
1)§ done, and when
,
\16 he saw&\ the multitude
struck with amazement at the affair, in pity^^ for their
error he looked up toward heaven and besought God
who is over all, 1§1
&11, through Christ, to confound the

. ,, &
was causing the people to err, and put an

&\ & ^, £
end to the deception of these men. And it is8 said

& &&
&,
that, when he had thus prayed, of a sudden the

, 8§8
sacrifice floated on the surface of the springs ; and
thus their miracle came to an end, and no further
;

marvel ever took place in connexion with that spot. .,

& "&
XVIII. But since I have come to mention this city,
XVIII.
^;
I do not think it right to omit a3, story that is worthy

)^
& £ &£
to 1) £
,, .
be recorded also for those that come after us. For

&^
1)1, and who,
they say that she who had an issue of blood, \1,
as we learn from the sacred Gospels, found at the

, £
hands of our Saviour relief from her affliction, came

.
§ , [& &] &1 ,
,
from this place, and that her house was

\,§1)6§
\&8 pointed out
in the city, and that marvellous memorials of the

^
good deed, which the Saviour wrought upon her, still

1> ^
remained. For [they said] that there stood on a lofty
stone at the gates of her house a brazen figure in
relief of 3,a woman, bending on her knee and stretching
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176
,.,&,. VII. xvm. 2—
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, VII. 2—XX. 11 .

^
forth 16

,
;
1166
§6
figure £

-" &
81&, \16 opposite to this
her hands like a suppliant, while
there was

&^\&1)6
^:
\&8 another of the same material, an upright
()1
of a man, clothed in comely fashion in a double
cloak and stretching out his hand to the woman ; at
13,1 ;

.
his feet on the monument itself a strange species of
\ §^,
herb was growing, which climbed up to the border
cloak £)&,
of the double ^1£1^ &&,
of brass, and acted 3.8
as an antidote
11 kinds " &,

--
to all of diseases. This statue, they said, bore
&
,
\ &)^
,,^,
the likeness of ^8.
&.-
^ ^^,
Jesus. And it was in existence even
to our day, so that we saw \1
83.\ it with our own eyes when
we stayed in the city. And there is nothing wonder-
1§
ful in the fact that those heathen, who long ago
£1 ,

. ,,
had good deeds done to them by 1) our Saviour, should
\
,
have made these objects, since we saw
8 &\ the likenesses

\ ,
§ ,
" His apostles also, of Paul and Peter, and indeed
of

\1 ^
of Christ Himself, preserved in pictures painted in
colours. And this is what we should expect, for the

.\ \6 \,
ancients were wont, according to their pagan habit,
to honour them as saviours, without reservation, in
1),

8
this fashion.
^I,
XIX. Now the throne of James, who
XIX. \1 was
\8 the first
to receive from the Saviour and the apostles the

1)
1)1
^^11,
episcopate of the church at Jerusalem, who
-, \ 1)1 ,
,
>1 also, as
1)1 show, was called a brother of Christ,
the divine books
has been preserved to this day ; and by
; \) the honour
,
that the brethren in succession there pay to it, they

-
.\ ,.
show clearly to all11 the reverence in which the holy

. ^, 1)
men were and still are held by \) the men of old time
1\
and those of our day, because of the love shown them
by
137 God. So much for these matters.
XX.

§ ,
XX. But to resume. Dionysius, in addition to the
letters of his that were mentioned, composed at that

- \11 are still extant, in

time also the festal letters which
\11 he gives utterance to words specially suited to
which
177
177
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178
178
 80,
& ^ &,
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a
.. "
VII. xx. 11—
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, VII.

8€
— xxi. 33.
with reference to the festival of
1
.
"

^ & , ^^ ,
the Paseha. Of these he addressed one to Flavius,
&11€ to Domitius and Didymus in which also he
another \1 1

& ;,
\&
3&6 on a cycle of eight years,
sets forth a3, canon based
proving that it is not proper to celebrate the festival
"
of the Pascha at any other time than after the vernal
60[.
.
equinox. In addition to these he penned also another
11\-85
letter to his fellow-presbyters at Alexandria, and to
others at the same time in different places. And

^. [ \]
(1

,
these [he wrote] while the persecution was
proceeding.

&. \ 1
\8 still

&^ ,^ \ )1
1) arrived, when he returned
XXI.
\
XXI. Peace had all&11 but
;
, &,^\ , , &."
to Alexandria. But when faction and war broke
there once more, since it was
discharge his oversight over&11
city, separated &
1)1 out
\& not possible for him to
1)11
all the brethren in the
as they were into one or other part
^& "

, , ,^^^
of the faction, he again at & the festival of the Pascha
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& if" he were
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" §}^

& \-
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£&1 letter, mentioning in the
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16
11\^
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Alexandrians in his day :
"" But as

\}
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&
" I find it difficult
&8 for me, what wonder is it if
to communicate even 1) by letter with those who \1 live
at some distance, seeing that it has become impossible
\1
even for myself to converse with myself, or to take
counsel with my own soul? ? Certainly, I have need
to write \) &,
by letter to my very heart, that is, the ,
&
1)1;
, & "
brethren that are of the same household and mind
\1
\ ""&§1^
with me, and citizens of the same church ; and there
;

^.} ^ ^,
seems no possible way of getting this correspondence
through. For it were easier for a man to pass, I do
not say to a foreign country, but
,&
1) even from East to
179
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ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, VII.
VII. xxi. 33-88

^
West, than to traverse Alexandria from Alexandria
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^ &&^
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&66
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;

&;

, ,
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^ ,§1\ ,&, ,
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£

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^ ,&
&8,&1)8
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181
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1)^ in A.D.
.. 250
250 afflicted the
Empire at intervals for twenty years. Alexandria was
>&11>
probably the first city it visited.
182
182
\»8
.
£
^.
,
<6\8
,
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, VII.

from 16
8—
VII. xxi. 8—xxii.

^
&
2 . .
the rivers and mists from the harbours, that the
dews &6 (&§63
; ^,^\16
are discharges from corpses rotting in all
constituent elements. Yet men marvel and 3.6

,\}- ^
loss 3, \16
\1 ^&
&11 their
are at a,
as to whence come the constant plagues, whence

^ &,- &868, whence the various forms of

the grievous diseases,

&,
death, whence the manifold and great human
" 1§6
mortality, why this greatest of cities no longer con-

&
tains within it so great a multitude of inhabitants,

^ , ,1\
661)
from infant children up to those extremely advanced

§ ^
}6,
&
in years, as it used formerly to support of those known
£
&
as men of green old age ! Nay, those of forty years

^
!

)?^
,
^^
old and up to seventy were then so numerous, that

& -
&" ^
the full total of their number is not to be

^;

^
1) reached now,
when those from fourteen to eighty years have been
&
\ .' ^, & §
registered and reckoned together for the public food-

&
ration'; and the youngest in appearance have become
&\ ^, \] 1§
1)

,
of equal age, so to speak, with those who long ago
were the oldest.' And though the human race upon
/&
, && ."
earth is thus ever diminishing and consuming away

. &
1)
&&&
before their eyes, they do not tremble, as its total

,-
disappearance draws nearer and nearer."
\ ,
^ ^; , &,
communicated once more \)

&,
& & 11\
XXII. After this, when the war was followed by
a pestilential disease, and the feast was at
1), & hand, he
by letter with the brethren,

\1
"" To other men the present would not seem to be
11\
indicating the sufferings of the calamity, as follows :
)^

1)
:

^,
1§1£11). \
, :£
&§)
time of such a nature ; I speak

,
mourning,1)

,
; 8&1^not of times of
but even of any time that might be
thought especially joyful. Now indeed all
tion, and all

"^,. ^ , .
2* We
-
a time for festival, nor for them is this or any other

&11is lamenta-
\1§8
11men mourn, and wailings resound
&&^,£
\6 have no other evidence, apart from this passage, of
13 "" dole" or public distribution of a food ration.
this
* i.e.
.6. the young, by •«^classed
\€€now
137sharing in the dole, were
&1§with the
along 116old.
1183
83
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7

Kai cktAa8eAOtav ciOec5o6v-res gairriav Kai ciAA7jAan,

184
184
^ ,
.88& ). ,
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, VII.

§ ,^,
.
VII. xxii. 2-7
2-7

"
throughout the city because of the number of dead
and of those that £6
£
are dying day \)
£
by day. For as8 it is5
8 also it is8
66 16 -
written of the firstborn of the Egyptians, so
^&
:

&
now : There was a great cry ; for there
'
; 166is not a house
\1
9,would indeed that

.\6 ;^
where there is not one dead' : and
'
:

\66 but
it were 1)1;one ! !

, £, &
"" For of a
also 13,

, &1)&^
, truth many and terrible were the things

&
that happened to us before this. At first they
drove us out, and alone we kept our festival at that

^ \] \
, ,
time also, persecuted and put to death by

, £
,
]) all,
every single spot where we were afflicted became for
us a

. &)1,
\\, and

3, place of festive assembly, field, desert, ship, inn,

&, \1 ^ 1)the brightest £ &

.^
prison ; but ; 1)§11;of all &11festivals was kept by1)

,
the perfect martyrs, when they feasted in heaven.
&, \
\ ^ \1
we 1)0 -,
And, after that, war and famine came upon us, which
bore along with the heathen. Alone we endured
, -
all the injuries they inflicted upon us, while we had
£
,^ ^^-
other and what

.^& ,
1)(18 of what they wrought upon each
the benefit besides

&§ \ ^
\1& they suffered ; and we found our joy
"
:

once more in the peace of Christ, which He has given

, ,^ \1
to us alone. But when the briefest breathing-space

^1)
had been granted us and them, there descended upon

,.'^,
calamity whatsoever, and, as
declared, ' the only thing of all
'
&\8
us this disease, a thing that is to them more fearful

," &,; \\
than any other object of fear, more cruel than any
& one of their own writers
&11 that proved worse than

,
^&not so, but,

,-^ &
what \&8

^.
was expected.' Yet to us it was 1),no
less than the other misfortunes, a source of discipline
and testing. For indeed it did not leave us un- -
touched, &11§1
^."
strength."

, , 11\ & ^
although it attacked the heathen with great

Following these remarks he adds as follows : "" The

most, at all
£
1)11
1)11\8
:
§68.

11 events, of our brethren in their exceeding

love and affection for the brotherhood were unsparing
185
185
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reph,Gmha. \\( was
This word 86 8
\\'8 used of worthless persons

^
^

\1,
used to throw
wipe off the §11;
186
186
.
,
whom, in time of plague or some other calamity, the Athenians
\(1
1:1\ into the sea, in the belief that they would
..
guilt of the nation. By the third century A.D.
.
^&
£
, \1 ,
^ ,^ ^,
,^
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, VII.

868 ^
VII. xxii. 7-10
7-10 .
of themselves and clave to one another, visiting the
sick without a& thought as &^,
&8 to the danger, assiduously
ministering to them, tending them in Christ, and so
most gladly departed this life along with them ;
8

,,
;

1)§ \} <&\^
^
being infected with the disease from others, drawing

.
& &^ &,
6§),
upon themselves the sickness from their neighbours,
\11§1) taking over their pains. And many,
and willingly &)^,
when they had

^ ^
1&<cared for and restored to health others,

^-
died themselves, thus transferring their death to
}^
themselves, and then in very deed making good the

&.'^ &^
&^,
'

&"
£

( &
popular saying, that always seems to be

,-
:
'
1)merely an ex-
'
}^
pression of courtesy : for ' in departing' they became
their devoted servants.' 1 In this manner the best

&, , 1)1:1departed this

at any rate of our brethren
3)8
1)
18life, certain
"
presbyters and deacons and some of the laity, receiv-
^ ^;
^
ing great commendation, so that this form of death
£(1,
^1 . 1, 1)§
seems in no respect to come behind martyrdom, being

^
the outcome of much piety and strong faith. So, 8,too,

11
) ,1)8"
&^ 1),
\1
the bodies of the saints they would take up in their
open hands to their bosom, closing their eyes and
1
88,
shutting their mouths, carrying them on their

, , , &^^ \11§
shoulders and laying them out ; they would cling to
them, embrace them, 33.1
11
;

bathe and adorn them with

\
1)1clothes, and after a little receive the same
their burial

11\§
£
, \ .
1)1
services themselves, for those that were left behind
^.
&
were ever following those that went before. But the
&
.
-, -
conduct of the heathen was the exact opposite. Even
&^
1
those who were in the first stages of the disease they

^ ,^ 3,,and fled from their dearest. They

thrust away, 1)7^would
even cast them in the roads half-dead, and treat the
)(1
unburied corpses as vile refuse, in their attempts to
-
- &,
avoid the spreading and contagion of the death-

" ,
rephimaa aov had, apparently, become
" &
1)600a common expression
&."
of formal compliment : "Your humble and devoted servant."
:

187
187
 -

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188
188
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i

8€
1 Macrianus, who incited Valerian to persecute (10.
(10. 4)
4) and

]
6&
,
^ § , 00.8.
ECCLES. HISTORY, VII.

."£
\11, for all
plague ; a thing which,
easy for them to escape."
10— . .
,& ^
VII. xxii. 10—xxin. 33

&11 their devices, it was

\&8 not

, \16 peace reigned in

And also after this letter, when

^, , , &§
, .
.&^
the city, he once more sent a festal letter to the
1)1 £11§
brethren in Egypt, and following this he again indited
others. And there is extant, also, a certain letter of
his on the Sabbath, and another on Exercise.

,^^ ) \1 &
Communicating \)

.^ , ^
1)1 ^, by a letter again \1
.
&§& with Hermammon
and the brethren in Egypt, he recounts in full many .

^^^ "
other things about the wickedness of Decius and his
successors, and mentions the peace under Gallienus.

& •1&.
^,
XXIII. But there is nothing like hearing the nature
of these happenings also.
"
, & &&,-
" Hel then, after inciting one of his emperors and

Gallienus \&
"
attacking the other, of a sudden disappeared alto-
^, 1)9.1 with
gether, root and branch \1;1 all his family, and
was proclaimed and acknowledged by 1)7 all,
11,
1)§ at once an old and a new emperor, for he was
being 1 \8
£
before and came after them ; for in accordance with
-
,
;

\11 \8
1§ & ,
^ \1 \ ^ .' £ ,
that which was spoken to the prophet Isaiah : Be-
hold, the former things are come to pass, and new
things which shall now spring forth.' 2^ For as when
:
'

,
a cloud speeds underneath the rays of the sun, and
,
for a short time screens and darkens it, and appears
, \1
^
1) when the cloud passes by
instead of it, but
1) )^ or is

^ \,
§1§ £ 1£
1)1§ ,
melted away, the sun that shone before again shines

\•
forth and once more appears ; so Macrianus, after
;

coming forward and getting for himself access to the

, \^
imperial power that belonged to Gallienus, is no
\,
more, since indeed he never was, while
1 \ 1)£ \11 Gallienus is
,
like as he was before ; and the monarchy has, as it
;

£ .&. ,.
attempted to dethrone Gallienus(10. (10.8).
8). He and his son
were )6€(611
subsequently defeated in battle and slain.
* A mixed quotation from Is. xlii. 9
2
9 and xliii. 19.
19.

189
189
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&
. ;(&
I The seventh year
*

. 260,
.A.D.
;
<3 \&(] the close
^&" of Gallienus ended towards
260, apparently a short time before
186 of
'
&&
1>€£6 the capture of
£ the M acriani
Valerian. From that time to the destruction of

19 0
190

1
,,
ECCLES.

were,
,& &.^ '.
00.8. HISTORY, VII. 3—
VII. xxin. 3—xxxv.

^\ 1)18
44

\66, put aside its old age and cleansed itself from its 3
66\166."
abroad everywhere."
11\^
,, &'
\1(168, and now blossoms forth in fuller
former wickedness,
&
bloom, is seen and heard more widely and spreads
.\)
Then, following on this, he indicates also the time
\6
- ,,-
at which he wrote this, in these words : "" And it

61 .
,^ \
:

occurs to 16me once more to observe 16 £

the days of the

^
imperial years. For I perceive that those wicked
persons, though they were\66 named with honour, after

\ , 1)66 nameless ; while he, who

a short time have become

, ;

is holier and filled with more love to God, has passed

"
the period of seven years, and is now completing a
,^ \1
,
XXIV.
."
^ ., ^
ninth year,' in which let us keep the feast."

\ \
88 \
XXIV. Besides 11

was supplied him 1)

all these, the two treatises On
Promises were also composed\> by him. The occasion
"
by the teaching of Nepos, a bishop
^,
"
,
of those in Egypt, that the promises which had been

,
made to the saints in the divine Scriptures should be
1)
1)

,
interpreted after a more Jewish
assumption that there will

.^ ^
;^, \
/
^\^11 fashion, and his
\11 be
^. :-
1) a kind of millennium
on this earth devoted to bodily indulgence. Think-
ing, for example, to establish his own peculiar opinion
from the Apocalypse of ^11, £John, he composed a certain
/
book

\-
^ ,
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ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, VII.
VII. xxfy. 4-6
4-6

a certain composition of Nepos, on which

8&)1
.
\11they rely
•

^ ,
greatly as
&8 proving indisputably that the kingdom of
Christ \11 be on earth, let me 8&
will 1)6

devotion to \;,
say that in many other
respects I approve and love Nepos, for his faith and

& & &, "

work, his diligent study of the Scriptures
&^£
^-61"^& &,
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and his abundant
&
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1> which
brethren have till this day been cheered ; and I am
;

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full of respectful regard for the man, all the more for

& §&§§
that he has gone to his rest already. But truth is

\1
dear and to be

\1
1)honoured above all things, 1 and one
must give ungrudging praise and assent to whatever
)
;^
8

^
^ & \
is stated rightly,
§11;1, but examine and correct whatever

, &,. be unsoundly \11.

appears to 1) written. And if "he were

;, \1 ^, (^
present and putting forward his opinions merely in
words, conversation, without writing, would be 1)6

- ,^
& ;
sufficient, persuading and instructing by 1)3 question
and answer them that oppose themselves.' But when
)11,
' '

-
•16

^
1)1 is published, which some think most con-
^,
a book
8,

vincing, and when certain teachers, who

& "
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^, ^,
law and the prophets of no value and disregard the
£11\§ "
following of the Gospels and depreciate the epistles
" &81,
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1)61

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teaching of this treatise as if

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gathering together and being made like unto Him,
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brother as if£ he were present."

£;6other remarks he adds as follows
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ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, VII.

68 ,
VII. xxiv. 6-9
6-9

when I came to the nome of Arsinoe, where,

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8
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,
ECCLES. HISTORY, VII.

;^ -
1)6;6,some rejoiced at the
brethren,
9—
VII.xxiv. 9—xxv. 44

16joint
.
^^1;conference, and ,
, -, , \
the mutual deference and unanimity which all

^&
displayed. ..."
. . ."

^ ,^
XXV. 1•
XXV.Then, in due course, lower down he speaks
"
thus, with reference to the Apocalypse of John :
1)
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&1^1
:

^
altogether impugned the book, examining it chapter

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8 &.
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&, &
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^11'8,no, nor yet an apocalypse (unveiling),
8

, , -
since it is veiled by
;

saints or those 1)1§§

\
,\1 .
"
"

,
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"
but Cerinthus,
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^-§^
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&
&
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ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, VII.

,
,^ ^
VII. xxiv. 5-9

do not measure and judge these

8^,
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^& &8§^
5-9

1686 things by my own

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6§
Moreover, &;6

,^
."
not indeed see them."
&6 too high
for my comprehension, and I do not reject what I
have not understood,1) but I 3,16
rather wonder that I did

&&,11\
after closely examining the whole book 1)1
^
\

, &^ ,
of the Apocalypse and demonstrating that it cannot
be understood in the literal sense, he adds as&8follows :
1>6
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, ;

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18
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allow
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^
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&
^&^
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&.
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8\
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 ,. ,
; ,-& - ^
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, VII.

his servant ^11

VII. xxv. 9-12
9-12

"
\1 bare witness of the word of
John ; who
.
:

-^
;

God and his testimony, even of &11 all things that he &1
&.'
saw.' Then he also writes an epistle : ' John ^^1 to the
'

, &
:

1168
306.'

\1
16
•
^( -
seven churches which are in Asia ; Grace to you and

even at the beginning

3,1;

without anything superfluous 1)§

;

peace.' But the evangelist did not write his name

1)6§§ of the Catholic Epistle, but

, &,
began with the mystery
: \11 was
itself of the divine revelation : ' That which
\
'

1)6§§, that which we have heard, that which

the beginning,
.'
\£ from
\11
1)
)8€

^
we have seen with our eyes.' It was

,
\£ in respect of
this revelation that the Lord also called Peter blessed,

,
^
saying :
'
&^-^&11 : for
8&}^§ : ' Blessed art thou, Simon Bar-Jonah :

.' ,
flesh and blood hath not revealed it unto thee, but
my heavenly Father.' Nay, not even in the second
1)

& &
;,,'
(; , & ,^
or third extant epistles of John,
\1
§§ ,1§ -
is ^11
short, 18 John set forth 1)7
^11, although they are
by name ; but he has written
;

' the elder,' without giving his name. But this writer
'

-
did not even consider it sufficient, having once men-

^ )1
&
11\8, 1);
tioned his name, to narrate what follows, but he takes
up his name again : ' I John, 1)11 and par-
^11, your brother &-

,
'
:

\11 you in the tribulation and kingdom and in

taker with
^,
\ &
^.'
'

^.'
things.'
"
book, and I ^11,
of this 1)1{, 1
^
the patience of Jesus, was in the isle that is called
Patmos, for the word of God and the testimony of

\
Jesus.' Moreover at the close he speaks thus :

,,
' Blessed is he that keepeth the words of the prophecy
\
John, he that saw and heard these

" That the writer of these words, therefore, was

^11, one must 1)1,
John,
^, . , ^-
believe, since he says.it. But what
John, is not clear. For he did not say that he was,
\11;
\8,
by
(][7
,
as is frequently said in the Gospel, the disciple loved
1 \11 leaned back
1)7 the Lord, nor he which
1)11 of James,
nor the brother
1)1 on His breast,
^18, nor the eye-witness and
1),

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&
hearer of the Lord.
,
\
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, VII. xxv. 13-18
13-18

,(1, For he would have mentioned

.&
some one of these aforesaid epithets, had he wished

, '.
&16 himself clearly known. Yet he makes use
to make

^^
"
of none of them, 1> £
but speaks of himself as our 1)11
£
and partaker
^,
,
&&1.6 with us, and a3. witness of Jesus, and
blessed in seeing and hearing the revelations. I
hold 1;13.;
that there
brother
£ ^^,
"
1166 have been many persons of the same

,\11)8,
name as3, ^11 •\ for the love they bore
John the apostle, who

3\
him, and because they admired and esteemed him
,,
and wished to be
§1
^ 1) &,1)1§ , , && &,
1)loved, as he was, of the Lord, were

,
glad to take also the same name after him ; just as
&, &
&
,^
;

&.
Paul, and for that matter Peter too, is a common
name among boys of believing parents. So then,
^11in the Acts of the Apostles,
there is also another John
\1
& ^; -
whose surname was Mark, whom Barnabas and Paul
\1
took with themselves, concerning whom also the

.'
& , -
Scripture says again : And they had also John
:
*
^11 as
their attendant.' But as£to whether it were he who
&

^ & ^, & &

\^, , ^
.1§ ,\1
was the writer, I should say No. For it is written
that he did not arrive in Asia along with
&, the Scripture says, from Paphos Paul
' having set sail,
'

and his company came to Perga in Pamphylia ; and

John
^ ^111.'
^11 departed from them and returned to Jerusalem.'
But I think that there was a certain other [John]
[^11]among
those that were in Asia, since it is said both
1)
\1;1 them, but

\)\\ that
there were two tombs at Ephesus, and that each of

.
"
^, ; ^
the two is said to be

;
^^1'.
1) John's.
,§1
" And from the conceptions too, and from the
terms and their arrangement, one might naturally
\
.
1)\ ,
assume that this writer was a different person from

^
the other. For there is indeed a mutual agreement
between the Gospel and the Epistle, and they begin
:

•11was
Word ' ; the other : ' That which
'
; :
'
'
1)§§ \
alike. The one says : ' In the beginning was the
\8 from the begin-
1)§-
208
203
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1,14 5
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6
2
*
1
1

.-.387',
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11 John i.
The text is
passim; 1
))1 1, 2,
. 1,

&(1passim; 11 John .
4, and
1 ^11
2, 3.

John i.
14,and passim ; I1 John i.
. 14,
^1^.
* John i. 14,
;
3.
18probably corrupt.
ii. 25;
. 5,
5, 7;
.
25; iii. 14
7;ii.
. 8;
; 2 John 3.
.
,
f., etc.
14 ".,
.8-10.
8;iii. 19, .
8-10.
19,etc.
6
14, 16,
16, 17
17; 3.

204
204
^.'
,.,
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, VII.

^( \ £• )
ning.' The one says ,
VII. xxv. 18-21

8&8: And the

, 16
:
18-21

'
1)6€&
Word became flesh,
8 ^,
.
\8^&^ &
^-^
3.dwelt among us (and we beheld
and 1)66his glory, glory
§1)
3.8

&
as of the only-begotten from the Father) ' ; the other,

\
'
;

-^\ ,
\
\1 ,
\11we
&, &
16 same words slightly changed : That which
the

&&,-
'

^ \^& ,
:

\
, .'
have heard, that which we have seen with our eyes,
that which we beheld, and our hands handled, con-
'^

.^ & ,& ,
cerning the Word of life ; and the life was manifested.'
;

For these words he employs as a prelude, since he is

&§,
aiming, & as he shows in what follows, at those who •1
were asserting that the Lord had not come in the

&; \1 -
&
flesh. Therefore he was 1
-«^ careful also to add : And
1)&witness, and \
:
'

, ,
that which we have seen, we bear

& \11was
declare unto you the life, the eternal life, which
&, \35

& &,.
& &,"^
\1

^
with the Father, and was
\11
which \6

depart from what he has

&
&*& " ^
\& manifested unto us ; that
we have seen and heard, declare we unto you

\1 1
18proposed, but
\1
&1.'1^ He is consistent with himself 2 and does not
also.'
1)proceeds
throughout under the same heads and expressions,
" \
certain of which we shall mention concisely. But
\
, ; &;

'

'

&
& &
^
the attentive reader will

'

7
;

love of God toward us,'

7
' ^^ .
John iii. 29,
(v.1. "^&").
8
'

,' &\
.; ^1
£€[1;1)
\11find frequently
,'
the other ' the life,' 3* the light,'
'

29, etc. ; 11 John .i. 4;

" grace").
'

307/' the flesh and blood of the Lord,'

the joy,'
3§,'
' the judgement,' 10
'

'
in one and
^,'* 2 turning from6
darkness ' ; continually the truth,' 9 the grace,'
'

^° the forgiveness of sins,'"

4; 2
,'^
§•&,'*

^^ ' the

,'12^^ the ' commandment ' that

we should ' love one another,'"" that we should keep
'

all the commandments ^*

\\ ;
1<:
' " ; the conviction ' of the
^1112;
2 John
'

12; 3
'

^1144
3 John
'
'

£ ,'
'

'
,,'
'

'
;
'

'

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8 ^^1
John i. 13,
. 13,14;
14;vi. 53, .
53,56, ^1^iv. 2.2.
56, etc.; 11 John ; .
» John .
^^1vi. 53-56;
53-56;xix. 34; ^1
34;11 John i.. 77 ; v. . 6,
6, 8.
9

.
.. ^
8. ;

10
.
^^1iii. 19,
1* John .;
^11iv. 17
19, etc.; 11 John cf. .
17 ; /, ii. 18,
18, etc.
;

.
" Cf.
11
/. John xx.
12 ^11
12
.
^1.
XX. 23:
John iii. 16;
16;xiv. 23; .
23;xvii. 23;
. 12
23: 11 John i.. 99;; ii. 12;
^^1
23;1 1John
; cf.
/, iii. 5.
5.
iii. 1 1; iv. 11,
11,etc.
. .
. . .
^ .
;

13
John xiii. 34;
34;xv. 12,12,17; ^1^iii. 23,
17;11 John 23,etc.
13

^^1xv.
"1* John XV.10;
10;11John ii. .3;3;iii. 2222ff.,
".,etc. .
205
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^^1 i.. 12;
' John
6
12; xi. 52;
52; 11 John iii. 1,
1, 2,
2, etc.
206
206
 ,
^& &
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, VII,
VII. xxv. 21-26
21-26 .
^ ^& & &
,'
8£
£ ,' "
world,' 1^ of ` the devil,' 2^ of the antichrist ' 3* the
' '

promise of the Holy Spirit'* ; the adoption of the;

sons of God 5' the ' faith ' 6* that is demanded of us

;
'
' ;
;

"

(.
; '

&6 to be
are
;
'

^-.
throughout ; the Father' and ` the Son ' 7 : these
1)€ found everywhere. In a &
' *

word, it is obvious
)866 their character throughout
\,
'
'

)8
:

,
that those who observe 1011§1011
\11 66
will

\^ , ,^
see at a glance that the Gospel and Epistle have
one and the same complexion. But the Apocalypse
,
^ ^ . ,)
is utterly different from, and foreign to, these
& &, &
,*
writings ; it has no connexion, no affinity, in any way
;

\1
-
with them ; it scarcely, so to speak, has even a
;

(
,
syllable in common with them. Nay more, neither

§ ,
does the Epistle (not to speak of the Gospel) contain
,
any mention or • thought of the Apocalypse, nor the &1)^,
&
^
Apocalypse of the Epistle, whereas \1&8 Paul in his

&,
epistles gave us 3.a little light also on his revelations,

"
1
" And further, 1)
&&.
which he did not record separately.
by means of the style one can

&.
^& ,,^
1)•\
estimate the difference between the Gospel and

.
Epistle 3,

,,. ,^ ^^,
and the Apocalypse. For the former are
only written in faultless Greek, but also

•1
and the constructions in which they are expressed.
&(3
3,1)of any barbarous word,
There is a3. complete absence
or solecism, or any vulgarism whatever. For their
author had, as & it seems, both
1)1 kinds of word, by
&• not
&1 show the

, &
\1.
&8§8,
greatest literary skill in their diction, their reasonings,

^&
\> the
\,
,, •(1 of knowledge and the &
\
free gift of the Lord, the word
\(1
)
word of speech. But I will not deny that the other

£
&
writer had seen revelations and received knowledge

,
^^
'
7
&,
^
and prophecy ; nevertheless I observe his style and

^; 6
*
;

that his use of the Greek language is not accurate,

but that he employs barbarous idioms, in some places
John i.. 7,
^I1iii. 36
John . &. ^^^v.
7, etc.; 11 John
36 and passim; 1
;

1 ^11
. 4.
4.
John iv. 14, .
14, etc.
1\1§

.
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208
208
 ,
^^^. ,.
ECCLES. HISTORY, VII. . .
27—xxvii. 22
VII. xxv. 27

&
—

^6)1 (-. &

committing downright solecisms. These there is no
necessity to single out now. For I have not said these ~

€
things in mockery (let no one think it), 1) merely
), but

, ^." '

^, ^ ,
£ these writings."
to establish the dissimilarity of
£

&
XXVI. In addition to these letters of Dionysius

^ .
166 &6 extant also many others, as
there are & for example
1)1 "
&1)61 to Ammon bishop of the
those against Sabellius
&
- & &
at Bernice, 3,
church 3.1 and that to Telesphorus, and that

,. &
to Euphranor and Ammon again and Euporus. And
)^6

,
he composed on the same subject also four other

, ^
€&68,
treatises, which 16 &6886 to his namesake at
he addressed

1}66
,
besides 166,
\
Rome, Dionysius. And we have many letters of his
1)1written
these, and moreover lengthy books

6 &)^
66,

& &
,
in epistolary form, such as those on Nature, addressed

&.
to Timothy his 1)7,

& \§
&,
1

.
-
1 & )6
1)1 "
&
boy, and that on Temptations, which
also he dedicated to Euphranor. In addition to
these, in writing also to Basilides, bishop of the
communities in the Pentapolis, he says that he

. "
16 him-
1)6§§of
self had written an exposition of the beginning

^ &&
16
& ,
16 ^,
;

\
&66(1to this person.
various other letters addressed
So much for Dionysius. But come now, after
recording these things, let us hand down for the
1)66;
Ecclesiastes ; and he has left behind for our benefit

.
^&.
.,, ^
information of posterity the character of our own
generation. XXVII.

&
XXVII. When Xystus had presided
,^
16church of the
over the
\ ,
was succeeded \)
16Romans for eleven years, 1 he
by Dionysius, namesake of him of

,&
Alexandria. At this time also, when Demetrian had

'^,
departed this life at Antioch, Paul of Samosata

&
received the episcopate. As this person espoused
\8
^,
1\ and mean views as to Christ, contrary to the
low
\
Church's teaching, namely, that He was in His nature
1

258.
.
^ Xystus II.
II.was ^. ."
\&8bishop from Aug. or Sept. 257 ^.
257 to Aug.
258. Eusebius should have said ""eleven months."
209
209
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^
VII. xxvii. 2—
ECCLES. HISTORY,VII. 2-xxvIii. 33

£
an ordinary man, Dionysius of Alexandria was
3. \8
-
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^
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& ,
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\6&168,
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^
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XXVIII.
XXVIII,
all hasted to Antioch, and assembled as
"Christ.
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1)1
-
&3

,,[] ^
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,
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Tarsus,

^^181I,
& -
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,
;

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& £
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;

&,
^.
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1§;

\1 1)1
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\ -; \1
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^
^ ^^ (
deacons, who were gathered together in the above-

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^
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&,
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(^1)^
&11,then, were
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^,
, \&^^
& - €[1;8were mooted at each
arguments and questions
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. &
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\)
and blasphemy

§
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laying

& 1)1&1} &

against Christ.

-
At that time Dionysius died in the twelfth year of
0&11,^
the reign of Gallienus,' &^
having presided in the epis-
^ ..
A.D. 264-26.5.
264-265.

211
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 &
^
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.& .^ VII. xxvut. 3—
ECCLES. HISTORY, VII. ...
3 xxx. 11 —

copate at Alexandria for seventeen years. He was &8

'^
3
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\6.
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78,0£8&8
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& his successor.'
&, §&
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XXIX.In Aure-

,)^
lian's day a final synod of an exceedingly large number
&
36§unmasked and now clearly con-
at Antioch, being -
of bishops was assembled, and the leader of the heresy

&,
"
demned of heterodoxy by )^ all,
&.
&11,was excommunicated

^
&, 11§
&:
from the Catholic Church under heaven. The person
foremost in calling him to account and in utterly

, &,
refuting his attempts at concealment was

& ^ ^.
,,
& \&8Malchion,
a learned man, who also was head of a school of

&§ ^^1^educational establishments

rhetoric, one of the Greek
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;

1)
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&,
8)73,
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-
"

&8 he

&
. &
^,, , ,
, . &,
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& - ; ,
1\
\11we know to be
extant even to this day ; and he, alone of them all,
1)
&11,

, ^
was &1)1
able to unmask that crafty and deceitful person.
&, &)1

&,
,.
XXX. The pastors, then, who had been assembled

Alexandria, and sent it throughout all

In it they make manifest to all
§1
together, indited unanimously a single letter person-
ally to Dionysius, bishop of Rome, and Maximus, of

^ &11the provinces.
&1
11 their zeal, and also

', ,
the perverse heterodoxy of Paul, as well as the

.
arguments and questions that they addressed to him ;

conduct. From which, by

1
»
\
and moreover they describe the man's whole life and
^, \)way of memorial, it may
..
A.A. 270.
270.
, ;

213
213
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 8,ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, VII.
VII. xxx. 1-4

§
1-4 .
^
be
&.
\) well on the present occasion to give an account of

88
686their utterances.
these

88 ,&
"" To Dionysius and Maximus and to all

, , ^
& &,
& . &68
61\-
31our fellow-
68)^68
1)88,presbyters
ministers throughout the world, bishops,
and deacons, and to the whole Catholic Church under

6 ^ , ]
heaven, Helenus and Hymenaeus and Theophilus and
*18,
Theotecnus and Maximus, Proclus, Nicomas and
&
Aelianus and Paul and Bolanus and Protogenes and
Hierax and Eutychius and Theodore and Malchion
>8
and Lucius and all
^^;
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\1,with us, sojourn
in the adjacent cities and provinces, bishops and
)^8
presbyters and deacons and the churches of God, as
1)}
" ,
^ ,
^^."
to brethren beloved in the Lord send greeting."
\

,
,
A little further on they proceed thus : "" And we
:

\;
wrote ^1 inviting many even of the bishops at a dis- 8-
tance to come and heal this deadly doctrine, as for

^
"
, ,*
example, 1)1

[ .
both Dionysius at Alexandria and Firmilian
of Cappadocia, those blessed men. The former of
^,]
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\1
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^ , ,
\
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"
deeming the leader of the heresy worthy of being
addressed nor writing to him personally, 1)

, \ )^
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\\^1 letter also we subjoin a
whole community ; of which
copy. Firmilian, on the other hand, even came twice,
\-^1
^ [^]
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1\
^^
know as \11well ; but,
; ^,1
were present know and bear witness, and many others
1),on his promising to change, he
::

.
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" \1
,

the matter would be 1)fittingly concluded without any

\1 1)1
who
; \
reproach to the Word ; for he was deceived by
,,
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both denied his God and Lord, and also did not
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661(imperf.) implies a continued correspondence.
215
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&
216
216
"
salary of 200 561&.
sestertia.
8
^1 A procurator of high rank, so called 1)68
because he had a &
 . ,
, ^ ^
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, VII.

And Firmilian was

^
. \§^&
-8
VII. xxx. 4-8

preserve the faith that he himself formerly held.

6666 " ^ 8 ( .
\&8 now again on his way to cross over
&
to Antioch, and had got as

, -; £
&8 far as &88,for he had
&8 Tarsus,
had experience of the villainy of this denier of God.
.
88

calling
'&
But while we had come together and were actually

^, , '
0£11§ him and awaiting his arrival, in the midst of
."
-
it all

1 & ],
&11 he
16 reached life's end."

,
Again, after other remarks they describe the man-

, ,& ^^^
"11\^ terms : "" But whereas
ner of his life, in the following
he departed from the canon [of

»1§ £ 1)8
:

[" truth], and has turned

aside to spurious and bastard doctrines, we are under
^^
\&

,
no obligation to judge the actions of him that is
1)&8,though he was
without, not even because, 1
\&8formerly
-
^^
poor and penniless, neither having received a liveli-
§
, \
hood from his fathers nor having got it from a trade
or any occupation, he has now come to possess
&1)&1;
abundant wealth, 3.8 £\188 deeds and
as a result of lawless
& ^
sacrilegious plunderings and extortions exacted from

\
1)61
the brethren by
^,
;
\ ,
1) threats ; for he deprives the injured
;

of their rights, and promises to help them for money,

1)
yet breaks his word with these also, and with a light
,^;
&:
,^
&]^ ^
^ ^^
heart makes his harvest out of the readiness of
1&\81 to make an offer, for the
persons engaged in lawsuits

&
sake of 1)§
being rid of those that trouble them ; seeing

^ ^ \§, ^
;

that he considers that godliness is a way of gain. ^.

\ 1)&
Neither [do

& \
[( we 3^8judge him] because he sets his mind

^, ^ ^,,
on high things and is lifted up, clothing himself with
wordly honours and wishing to 1) be called ducenariusl^
rather than bishop, and struts in the market-places,'
1&^1^-1&^,^

11•§,
2
, •,
reading and dictating letters as he walks
\ \>\,
&
,
/. Demosthenes, Kara Metdiou, 158:
^ Cf.
•&11 in public,
and attended by a bodyguard, some preceding, some
following, and that too in numbers : with the result

rftrapas auras 4xoy Stec riffs arpas (roper.

:

^
158: rpeis &KoXotOous

217
217
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218
&
,^^,^
r;[6 ^
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, VII.

that the faith is ill

^
Nor [do we3§6]

86, , ^
68,
VII. xxx. 8-11

"
judge] the quackery
8-11 .
1)8£
11 thought of and hated because of
&.
his conceit and the overweening pride of his heart.
0[&17in church assemblies
&88)168
£
that he devises, courting popularity and posing for
&6&6'
,& '^^ &
appearance' &16,
sake, and thus astonishing the minds of
)£1
the simpler folk, with the tribunal and lofty throne
£

)1- & ,
, &\.
-, ,

\,
&,1)§
& ,
,
'
,
that he prepared for himself, not befitting a disciple
6-, &
of Christ, and the secretumi which, in imitation of
the rulers of the world, he has and 8 so styles. Also,
he smites his hand on his thigh and stamps the

•«3
- && &
tribunal with his feet ; and those who do not applaud
;

or wave their handkerchiefs, & as in a theatre, or shout

out and jump up in the same way as
wretched women \1 & & do the men and
who are his partizans and hearken
in this disorderly fashion, 1)
but who listen, as in God's
—
house, with orderly and becoming reverence,—these

,
1)18

,,
&
he rebukes and insults. And towards the interpreters

1)1
not a bishop 1)

^, - &.
about himself &
brags &1)
assembly, and 1)§8 ^
11-1)fashion in the common
in an insolent and ill-bred
£
1)1&8
of the Word who have departed this life he behaves

as though he were
but &a sophist and charlatan. And as , to
psalms, he put a
^8 -
&
Jesus Christ, on the ground that they are modern and
the compositions of modern men, 1)
§ ^& &,\-^
1<0
& stop to those addressed to our Lord

but he trains women

to sing hymns to himself in the middle of the church

^^-
^
on the great day of the Pascha, which would make
&.
one shudder to hear. Such also is the kind of dis-

^ ,
course that he permits the bishops of the neighbouring

.
country and
presbyters as
\8,
3. towns, who fawn upon him, and the
&8 well,
-^
& \ \
\11,to deliver in their sermons to the
people. For he is not willing to acknowledge with
us that the Son of God has come down from heaven
1^
860€ &)€ &^
The secretum was the private chamber of a magistrate
3§.
or judge.
219
219
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.
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Jesus

& £."
&,
a mere man, although
^V8,5
anointed in a special degree with the Holy Ghost. Hence He
&1>6:He was ""from below."
had no divine origin from above:
220
220
(
,.^, ,
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, VII.
VII. xxx. 11-14

"
11-14

(to anticipate something of what we are about

.
&
3,1) to
\6
;, ; ^6 & \
write ; and this will not be
;

^§
proved from many £8&§6
& &;
1) is
1)6 merely asserted, but
"
passages of the notes that we send,
\16 he
§§
and not least where
\1
16 says that Jesus Christ is from

\ , ^& -
1)6\ ^)1) ; while they who sing psalms to him and
below &<1

.
;

&€8
^
utter his praises in the congregation say that their
&
^ ^
impious teacher has come down an angel from

,^ 1
heaven. And he does not prevent this, but
&,
1) is even
\16 such things are said, arrogant fellow
present when

& ^
that he 18.

6)}^
, & , \&, •1 "
& to the subintroductae,2 as
is. And as
Antiochenes call them, his own and those of the

^
presbyters and deacons in his company, with whom
& the

, (^
he joins in concealing both this and the other in-

,^
curable sins (though he knows of,
),
, ;
them), \\\
", and has convicted,
that he may have them under obligation to
him, and that they may not dare, through fear for

\ ,1 "
themselves, to accuse him of his misdemeanours in
word and deed ; yea, he has even made them rich,

;
£ \1 ;

1)6
£
,"
^ ; \ -)1, \
for which cause he is the beloved and admired of
—
\1 affect such conduct—why should we write
those who

^§^ ^ ,,
£ 1\, beloved, that the

^
of these things ?? But we know,

\§•
bishop and the priesthood as a whole should be
pattern to the people of all
6
"
11 good works ; and we
are not ignorant of this : how many have fallen
:
1)6 a
;

through procuring subintroductae for themselves,

^ ,
be
^^ .
while others are under suspicion ; so that even if it
;

1) granted that he does nothing licentious, yet he

,
ought at least to guard against the suspicion that
arises from such a practice, lest he cause someone to

^ , ,\^ ^
[)1,
stumble, and induce others also to imitate him. For
how could he ^)V11^
rebuke another, or counsel him not to
\1
consort any further with a woman and so guard
against a slip, as it is written, seeing that he has
* .6. ."
i.e. spiritual "" sisters."
221
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*1 § 6.
§ 6.
2
• /, .
Cf. v. 28.
28. I,
1, where he is
18 called Artemen.

222
 .,^ &
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY,VII.

&\ ,, & & \ 8

^ \. \}\, 1)^
,^ ^ all the \16
living 11
fore, though all
VII. xxx 14

^,
19
14-19 .
sent one away already, and has two in his company
& \3, \1
in the flower of youth and beauty, and even if
go away anywhere, he brings them around with him,
1§ \6-
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-

,
£ he

;
3,11 groan and lament in private, so fearful

\6,
,'&6 ., 1)66 of his tyranny and power, that
have they become

^
they dare not accuse him. Yet, as •6 have said
3.8 we

&\
before,i one might call to account for these matters

)6(1 ^ \1
a man who has at any rate a catholic mind and is
\1 bur-
numbered along with us ; but
6(|6
lesqued 16 the mystery,
;

(\
1^8^;6^, and strutted about
.\
& for one who
1) as
&1)
1)-
in the

&\ ^, 3 -
"
abominable heresy of Artemas 2 (for why should we
^^

8668 61&6his father ?)—from

1)^ ourselves to declare
not bring —
?)

13
such 3,a one we think that we are )1§3
&6 under no obligation
£ 1§."
to demand a3 reckoning for these things."

, 3 3 , 63
Then at the close of the letter they add as 11\8 :
38follows :

\6 were compelled therefore, as

,
"" We 38 he opposed him-
86
self to God and3(1 refused to yield, to excommunicate

,
Catholic Church [18§]
1)1
him, and appoint another bishop in his stead for the
[choosing] \) "
by the providence of God,

3,3
as 8
3 £
38 we are persuaded, Domnus the son of the blessed

[, , 3-&
Demetrian, who

)1 €[1
\1 formerly presided with distinction
; 36(1 \1
over the same community ; he is adorned with all
the noble qualities suitable for a3 bishop, and we
&11

.\ &
,

361;]
notify [this his appointment] unto you that ye may
write to him, and from him receive letters of com-

;
63,
munion. But let this fellow write to Artemas, and 3(1

\."1), ,
let those who side with Artemas hold communion
with him."

38
3
as has
. ,3; ,
When Paul, then, had fallen from the episcopate
as well 38
as from his orthodoxy in the faith, Domnus,
83, succeeded to the ministry of the
1&8 been said,
church 3 31 3
§
at Antioch. But as
88688
38 Paul refused on any
11-1)1(§,
account to give up possession of the church-building,
223
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.
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2'24
224.
:

1>}^ Aurelian.
1})>' a
i.e. the Christian religion : probably
 ,,
.88.
, .
\^
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, VII.
VII.xxx. 19-22
19-22

66€ ,^-
the emperor Aurelian, on being
extremely 31
§
1)ۤpetitioned, gave an
6§(^
just decision regarding the matter, order-

^ \§.
1)1§
ing the assignment of the building to those with

,
whom the bishops of the doctrine 1^ in Italy and Rome
should communicate in writing. Thus, then,

\ &. ^ ^,\
&£6
6
the church by
\1
16,was
aforesaid man driven with the utmost indignity from
£ \.£
}) the ruler of this world.
\11

\&the

^ Such indeed was the disposition of Aurelian to-

^.^,&^ , ^
wards us at that time. But as

1)^moved 1)
being
,
changed his mind with regard to us, and was
-
&his reign advanced, he
\&8now
by certain counsels to stir up persecution
& & §6
§
against 118
us ; and there was
;

all sides. But as

\ ^&, 3,8he
\& great talk about this on
16was just £
3118on the point of so doing

&,
and was putting, one might almost say, his signature

,^.
him, and pinioned 18 arms, 8
his &8,
^^^6visited
16decrees against us, the divine Justice
to the
so to speak, to prevent

to see
it easy

,
^-
his undertaking. Thus it was
68"
, 1\
\&clearly shown for all
16rulers of this world would never find
866 that the

\^^
6£8to proceed against the churches of Christ,
11

& \1}champions us were to permit

unless the hand which

. , ^
^
this to be

&
^ ,* ,,
&,'
1) done, as a divine and heavenly judgement

approve. At all
,'*
81§
\1
, \1&6
\1 &
to chasten and turn us, at whatsoever times it should

). )
&11events, when Aurelian had reigned
for six years,' he -&was succeeded1) by Probus. He held

&-
the government for something like the same number of
years,' and Carus with his sons Carinus and Numeria-
nus succeeded him ; and \16
;
£
when they in their turn had
remained in office for not three entire years, the
government devolved on Diocletian 4 and on those who
\66 1)§
were brought in after him ; and under them was
; \8

6^
2
2..
..
3'
A.D. 270-275.

coming 1)6\6
4
*..284.
A.D. 284.
270-275.
1\
A.D. 276-282,
3\
two emperors, Tacitus and Florianus,
^.
between Aurelian and Probus with short reigns.

..
VOL. H I 225
225
 '^.
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KA71crtcliv KaOalpecns.
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XXXI.

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XXXII. ^'
XXXII. Ka0' ous (D4AcKa Trig Tco '

•rcivTa KKA'r)cdas. &caw 7TEVTE Etil-vxtavOs

8gxerac• o06' Oitots
itevos, Fay ^ ' - -
dual.cov wpot

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^-
Kati 7f/ Las KaTCLAEITTEG TOV KA'lgpov-
Kal

226
226
1
V 8E Cip.01. Ta 7TEVTEKat8oca, gr.') 7rp0-

' () -, ^
1)6\6Md.vns (Mani) and pAyEis, although
* The similarity between
 ,.80, . .
ECCLES. HISTORY, VII. 22—xxxit. 11
VII. xxx. 22 —

68'£
,
-, ^
^
accomplished the persecution of our day and the

,£ , \ &
But a short time before

completed nine years.

XXXI.
16€.
destruction of the churches therein.
1)6£6this, Felix succeeded in
the ministry Dionysius, bishop of Rome, who had

&&. &&,^
XXXI. At that time also the madman,' named after
his

, , &&',
18 devil-possessed heresy, \&8
was taking &8

&,
as his armour

£.
mental delusion ; for the devil, that is Satan himself,
6 68} ;

\
the adversary of God, had put the man forward for

, & §^ &, &

the destruction of many. His very speech and
manners proclaimed him a barbarian
1)3,)&3, "
in mode of life,

&
and, being
1)6§by\) nature devilish and insane, he suited
his endeavours thereto and attempted to pose as

',
Christ : at one time giving out that he was the
:

Paraclete and the Holy Spirit Himself, conceited

^, . &another time
&8

^ ,1\1
&8, as well
fool that he was, \11 &8
as mad ; at

, &
,£ ', 3 ;
^
;

choosing, 3.8
as Christ did, twelve disciples as associates
\-£&§1(1system. In short, he stitched
in his new-fangled
together false and godless doctrines that he had

, 1§-, §(118
collected from the countless, long-extinct, godless
heresies, and infected our empire \1,with, 3.8
as it were, a
deadly poison that came from the land of the Persians;

.313&
,,
.
and from him the profane name of Manichaean is 8
^111^
still commonly on men's lips to this day. Such, then,

-
'

^& the foundation on which rested this knowledge

was 1\1(1§

.^., ,is falsely 8

which 18 31, 83§
so called, which sprang up at the
time we have mentioned.
XXXII. At that time Felix, who had presided over
`'the church of the Romans for five years, was \38sue--

: ^ ,
3.
' ceeded by\) Eutychianus. This person did not survive
[
for even ten entire months ; he left the office to
;

\1
Gaius our contemporary. And when he had presided
\<1have no etymological relation to each other, is8
ufficient to ^
,the words
§^.
give Eusebius occasion for punning.
227
227
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1»
11. 3, 24.
11.3,24.
228
228
,
£ , ,
&
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, VII.

&
VII. xxx". 1-6
1-6 .
&-
•& ^ .
.
for 3,1)

,
about fifteen years, Marcellinus was appointed his

,
successor, the same whom the persecution has over-

^ ^, . ,
taken.
16 "
In the time of these persons, in succession to
3.6 &§6
Domnus, Timaeus was in charge of " the episcopate of
Antioch, whom our contemporary Cyril succeeded.

1)£1;1
^ . &- \
During Cyril's episcopate we came to know Dorotheus,
1) \1 £
\1 had been deemed worthy of the
a learned man, who

)
8)1; ^,
presbyterate at Antioch. In his zeal for all that is

& '
beautiful in divine things, he made so careful a study

^ ^&&, &^& ^
)\
of the Hebrew tongue that he read with understand-
\& by

,^
ing the original Hebrew Scriptures. And he was 1)
&[&1(1 \1 1)£1 studies
no means unacquainted with the most liberal
\&1 1
and Greek primary education ; but withal he was \8 by
1)

-
;

1) 1),
&
nature a eunuch, having been so from his very birth,

& ^§§.
so that even the emperor, accounting this as
80 & a sort
&1,
.
,
of miracle, took him into his friendship and honoured

\
&
him with the charge of the purple dye-works at Tyre.
We heard him giving a measured exposition of the
Scriptures in the church.
^,
&
After Cyril, Tyrannus succeeded to the episcopate
\1
.
of the community of the Antiochenes, in whose day
^.
^&
the attack upon the churches was\3, at its height.

),
After Socrates &

& as head of the community at

& . , ^&
Laodicea came Eusebius, being a native of the city of

^ &,^ ^ ^
\1 &&
Alexandria. The reason of his migration was
affair of Paul. For when he had come to Syria on
\£8 the

business connected with Paul, he was prevented from

returning home \>
§1 by those who had divine things at ;
16&.

Il .
8&,
,
heart. He was

11\§
\&a3,goodly example of piety among our
contemporaries, as
.^,
(^ § 3 &^
& it will
\11 be easy to discover from the
expressions of Dionysius quoted above. Anatolius
\& appointed his successor, one good man, as they
was
say, following another. He also \8 was by race an
229
^
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'
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230
&, , .
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, VII. xxxxi. 6-9

§
Alexandrian, who
&£
6-9

^, 81&
\1 for his learning, secular education
and philosophy had attained the first place among our
&(1

^ ,
^,
arts of

\
^ * -
&
most illustrious contemporaries ; inasmuch as in

8668, \1€16
£
sciences, £ "
;

arithmetic and geometry, in astronomy and other

whether of logic or of physics, and in the
" rhetoric as -,
& well, he had reached the pinnacle.
& 1)6 £
It is recorded that because of these attainments the

&^ &.
citizens there deemed him worthy to establish the

\
&&.

,^^ ^ \6
school of the Aristotelian tradition 1 at Alexandria.
£
Now countless other of his deeds of prowess &6 £ 6-
are re-

^
lated during the siege of the Pirucheum 2 at
1\
andria, seeing that he was deemed worthy by
&
3,1 Alex-

\) all
an extraordinary privilege among the officials ; but
&
&^ & \
as an example I shall make mention of the following
\1 1)1
1\ of
1);

11\^
^,
one 1).

^
.
we are speaking, 1)§

§
, ^\
only. It is said that when the wheat failed the
besieged, so that hunger was now a more intolerable

\ ^,
\11;, the person of whom
thing than their enemies without,

& , ^^;
being present, adopted the following
device. The other part of the city was fighting in

^ 3^. \ \ ^&
alliance \11
1)§.
&&1
with the Roman army, and thus was
(
besieged. Among these latter was Eusebius (for it
is said that he -&
was still there 3,1
migration to Syria),
\3(1
\& not
at that time before his
\1 had won so great fame and
8}73), who §3

3&
13
so widespread 3a reputation that it reached the ears
80

^ \
even of the Roman general. To him Anatolius sent,

(( 3
and informed him 3
13 3 as to those that were perishing of
^.
hunger in the siege. When he learnt it, he asked the
Roman commander3 }^ §3
, 1 31
;,

,;
§31;
as 3a very great favour to grant
safety to deserters from the enemy ; and having ; 13§
)1;&1
31 30€[(1 Anatolius of the fact.
obtained his request acquainted

."
The moment Anatolius received the promise, he
3.
1
1^
^.
Lit. ""succession."
2'

1)1§,
important buildings.
1&&,
The Greek quarter at Alexandria, in which
\<111 were the most

231
231
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\
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ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, VII. xxxn. 9-11

^: &
"
9-11

assembled a council of the Alexandrians, and at first

66
&.
€€[68(3 all
requested

\\•66 getting ^^§

were
said 16,
I were
1
he, " ; &
to the Romans. But when
§6§
,
angry ^at the
"
&11 to extend the right hand of fellowship
\16 he perceived that they
- ,"
83,1, "" At any rate,"
16 proposal,
" I do not think you would contradict me if
\66 to counsel that those who were
,
\66superfluous

^- ,
and
&(1 in no wise useful to us ourselves, old women and

^ .^
\
young children and old men, should 1)6 be permitted to
go outside the gates whithersoever they wish. Why

^
\6
•^ ^&)^& & ^,,
keep we these persons with us to no purpose, seeing
&11 1)
they are all but on the point of death ?? Why destroy
\11 hunger the maimed and crippled in body,
we with
when \6 we should support only men and youths, and
18)&
husband the necessary wheat for such as
\1 £§&
& &6
are required
§(1 the city ?? "" With some such arguments he
to guard
"
^[6(1
& -,
^ ,\
£8863, and was the first to rise and
persuaded the assembly,
\\1 body of those who
give his vote that the whole

,,1) \^
not required for the army, whether men or women,
&; \6
\1 were

^ & ,
, ^
should depart from the city, because were they to
remain and uselessly stay therein, there would be 1)6 no

^
^.
hope of safety for them, since they would perish with

& \1)§
hunger. And when all the rest of those in the

\ \1
assembly assented to this proposal, he went within a

, & ,,&^ , \16 of them that were besieged ;

little of saving the whole
1)1§§ to the
;

^
he took care that first of all those belonging

, &,-
Church, and then the rest remaining in the city, of

'
all ages,
&11

,
&§68, should escape, not only those who
under the terms of the vote, but
&8§
1) also great
\1 came
§6& numbers
of others, passing themselves off as such, who secretly

)8 ^ §&1 by
the gates
Eusebius \8

, 1§& ^, ,
donned women's attire, and by
))^ night and

,^
1) his management left

, &, \ 3..
&(1 hastened to the Roman army.

^
was there to receive them all, and, like a
father and physician, restore them, in evil plight after
\11 every kind of forethought and
their long siege, with
233
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234
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.
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, VII.

\66
\1
of Laodicea was
VII. xxxn. 12-16
12-16

attention. Such were the two pastors that the church

\&8 deemed worthy to have successively,

. ,^,
\13
who by divine providence, after the above-mentioned
\,
war, 3,

& . ^
had left the city of the Alexandrians to come

&
composed \)

;
§6&
there. Not a very great
3 \8,
many works, indeed, were
by Anatolius, but enough have reached us

\
to enable us to perceive both his eloquence and his

&
§€&erudition. In these works he especially presents
great

§
his opinions \11 \11
with reference to the Pascha; from which
\6

8 $& .^
;

it may be
1)necessary on the present occasion to give
11\^&&^.

-
the following passage.
From the Canons of Anatolius on the Pascha. 1

, \

i
^&,
.
"
&
"

^
" It has therefore in the first year the new moon

,
of the first month, which
nineteen-year cycle, on the 26th

&£
& ^^,
cording to the Egyptians, but

,
1)§^
"

122£
£1 •11
\11is the beginning of the whole
2611of Phamenoth ac-
1) according to the
months of the Macedonians the 22nd of Dystrus, or,
1)
&-

as the Romans would say, the 111th before the Kalends

, -&^ ^
of April. The sun is found on the aforesaid 26th

of the zodiac, 1)
)^
but already to be
2611of
8§
Phamenoth not only to have arrived at the first sign
&^
1) passing through the
,
"

&*\1
^^ &.
fourth day within . it. This sign is commonly called
& [&1
§
' the first of the twelve divisions and the eqhinoctial

&§-
[^]

^ &.
§§
;
£
"
"
[sign] and the beginning of months and head of the
i )1
cycle and the starting-point of the planetary course.
But the preceding sign is the last of the months and
1\1
&(1
il the twelfth sign and the last of the twelve divisions

& ^^
^ -
^.
and the end of the planetary circuit. Therefore we
say that they who place the first month in it, and
determine the fourteenth day of the Pascha accord-
,^6 §1
,

^&. ( )
&11or ordinary mistake.
1 ingly,B are guilty of no small
* The Greek
2

general sense.
(Kar' abr7jK) is ^
unintelligible; \'
; we give the

235
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236
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, .^
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, VII. .
VII.xxxn. 16-19

\
16-19

And this is not our own statement, 1) &

&8
but the fact was
\
,&^,^ &\ ,.&1 ^6,those of old time even before
known to the Jews,
Christ, and it \&
was carefully observed\)
\1&is said 1>
may learn it from what
^
Musaeus, and not only by them but
by them. One
^6^1
by Philo, Josephus and
1)also by
§&1;1)1,
still more ancient date, the two Agathobuli,
8;11
) those of
surnamed
"

& (
the Masters of Aristobulus the Great. He was

^ , ^.
)\
reckoned among the Seventy who
sacred and divine Hebrew Scriptures for Ptolemy
Philadelphus and 18
\&8
\1 translated the
1)18
his father ; and he dedicated books

,^ ^-
;

£
exegetical of the Law of Moses to the same kings.
\\,
These writers, when they resolve the questions rela-
tive to the Exodus, say that all 11equally ought to

^ ^ €[,
sacrifice the passover after the vernal equinox, at the

^
middle of the first month ; and that this is found to

,
. ^
\1
;

^
occur when the sun is passing through the first sign
, ,
of the solar, or, as some have named it, the zodiacal

,
,^ ^
cycle. And Aristobulus adds that at the feast of the

,
passover it is necessary that not only the sun should

[1^ §,
1) passing through an equinoctial sign, 1)
be but the moon

§,,^ ,,-
also. For as the equinoctial signs are two, the one
vernal, the other autumnal, diametrically opposite
\,
each to other, and as the fourteenth of the month, at
evening, is assigned as the day of the passover, the

}^ ,
moon will have its place in the station that is dia-

,
; , ,, ,^
metrically opposed to the sun, as may be

[,
moons ; and the one, the sun, will 1)

of necessity1)
,)1,^ . 1) seen in full
be in the sign of
the vernal equinox, while the other, the moon, will
be in that of the autumnal. I know
many other statements of theirs, some of them
\11

* .
probable, others advanced as absolute proofs,' by
which they attempt to establish that the Feast of

The translation is uncertain.

1)

237
237
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, ^.^
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, VII.

"
VII.xxxii. 19-23

&(1 of unleavened 1)£

the Passover and
19-23

;
bread ought without

&^
exception to 1)6
be held after the equinox. But I refrain
from demanding proofs thus composed from those for
6 \
whom the veil upon the law
^,
, &
£ 868
1\ of Moses has 1)6been taken

^
away, and for whom it now remains with unveiled
face ever to behold as in a

.^
)\
£ 1)
things of Christ, both \&1
3. mirror Christ and the

[
what He learned and what
He suffered. 1 But that the first month with the \1

, ,, . & ."
"
the teachings in the Book of Enoch." 2^
1)1
,^
Hebrews lies around the equinox is shown also by
1§8
&,
,\
1))

And the same person has left behind an Introduction

to Arithmetic also in ten complete treatises, and, as
well, evidences of his study and deep knowledge of
\11,
^.
^
divine things. Theotecnus, bishop of Caesarea in"

,^ .^ ^ -
Palestine, first had ordained him to the episcopate,
seeking to procure him as his successor in his own
community after his death, and indeed for some short
time 1)1
\
both presided over the same church. But, the ,

.) ,
synod with reference to Paul summoning him to
Antioch, as he was passing \>

\
\
ceans he was retained there by
bius having fallen asleep.

\ \1 ,
^,,-
by the city of the Laodi-
1) the brethren, Euse-

And when Anatolius also departed this life, Stephen

, ,,
\
,
.
, ^^
was appointed over the community there, the last
1)
bishop before the persecution. He won widespread

^
• \1§
^,
admiration for his knowledge of philosophy and other
\
secular learning, but he was not similarly disposed
towards the divine faith, as the progress of the
persecution clearly proved, demonstrating that the
man was more of a dissembler, more of a craven and
coward, than a true philosopher. But indeed the

. \6
church and her affairs were not destined to perish
^
2
« . . 207 ; cf.
Aathjp.ara rah/Am a, Herod. i.
-

Enoch lxxii. 6,
6,9,
9, 31,
;

31,32.
32.
).
. 8.
/, Heb. v. 8.

239
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&&^ \ ^^ -
. 80,
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, VII.
VII. xxxii. 23-27
23-27

,^,,,,& ^&
£
because of him ; they were set to rights by
;

&\
16(1
munity by God Himself, the Saviour of all,
Theodotus, a man whose

&
"
"
\
1)one who
was immediately proclaimed bishop of that com-
&11, even
\86 deeds themselves proved
" >1.
true his title to his own name and that of a bishop.

"
,^, ^&&.
,^ ^ &
He had reached, indeed, the first rank in the science

,
,
&
of healing bodies, 31 "
but in that of curing souls he
second to none among men, because "
16 was
1)66-
1)686 of his benevo-
'11\-'66§ and zeal towards those
lence, sincerity, fellow-feeling

§ &&
&, &
§ ^
; \& also greatly devoted
that sought his aid ; and he was
to the study of divinity. Such a one was he.

^,^
But at Caesarea in Palestine Theotecnus, after

, \
exercising his episcopal office in the most zealous

^ 1)
& ,, ^
fashion, was succeeded by Agapius, whom also we
know to have laboured much, displaying a most
£ "
genuine regard for the government of his people,
&§

&^. .&,
.
&(1 1)&1 hand caring especially for all the
and with a3. liberal
\
poor. In his day we came to know Pamphilus, a
1€[
" ,"
most eloquent man and a true philosopher in his
1)
mode of life, who had been deemed worthy of the
presbyterate of that community. It would be \1
"
1) no

&& 1\ &
-
small
81&11 undertaking to show the kind of man he was

^
and whence he came. But of each particular of his
& -
\•1 ^
life and of the school that he established, as

,& \ & well as

his contest in various confessions during the persecu-
&)^(1 \1
tion, and the crown of martyrdom with which he was
\
\£8

,, ^ .,
wreathed at the end of all,
in a special \<. .
11, we have treated separately
work concerning him. Truly he was \& the
(^
most admirable of those of that city ; but as men
;

possessed of especially rare qualities in our day we

know
1<;\ Pierius, one of the presbyters at Alexandria,
and Meletius, bishop of the churches in Pontus. The
former of these had been noted for his life of extreme

41
241
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^
242
24,2
^^ &,
^. .
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, VII.
VII. xxxii. 27 30
27-30 -

., )
^)^ 38
poverty and for his learning in philosophy. He was \3.8
exceedingly\11 well practised in the deeper study of £
divine things and in expositions thereof, as 88 well as
(-
.
^, &, ^-
in his public discourses in church. Meletius 1 (edu-
cated persons used to call him the honey of Attica)
&
was such as
plished 811&
scholar in &11
68)
&8 one would describe as
^

&8 a&most accom-

all respects. It is impossible to
admire sufficiently his skill in oratory, yet this might

^,^& &
^. \1could

^
be
1)6 said to 1}6
be his \)
by a natural gift. But who
8{8 §6&experience and
surpass the excellence of his great
,&

. .
§,
erudition as

^
&8 well, 1>60&8
because you would say, even on a
& ^,
single trial, that he was the most skilful and learned

§
man in 11
".,
18 life distinguished for its virtues. We took note
his
£ £
of him during the period of the persecution, as
seven whole years he was fleeing in the regions of
Palestine.
3^8\&,after the bishop
In the church at Jerusalem,
\8
all branches of literature ?? Equally, too, was

&8 for

1)8
-
, ^. & £ ^ ,
Hymenaeus mentioned shortly before, 1)£, Zabdas re-
ceived the ministry. After no great time he fell

86 1)8

& ,
asleep, and Hermo, the last of the bishops up to the

&
^,
persecution in our day, succeeded to the apostolic

.^
present day. 2

-
1)6preserved there to the
throne that has still been

,, &. , \
And at Alexandria too, Maximus, who had held
the episcopate for eighteen years after the death of

&
&,
Dionysius, was succeeded)^
\1
- &,
by Theonas. In his day at
Alexandria Achillas, deemed worthy of the presby-

-
&1§with
terate along
1)
\1:Pierius, was
\&8 well known ; he had
;

been entrusted with the school of the sacred faith,

)^-
1
&

having
,\&1
13.§displayed &a wealth of philosophy most rare

"
and inferior to none, and a manner of life that was
^ His )[1;
sobriquet "the honey (/)
"
&6
\8
8 a pun on
(0Xt) of Attica" is
18 &.
his name. 2
* . 19 of this book.
See c.19 ^)1^.
243
243
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NOTE ON THE PASCHAL CANONS OF ANATOLIUS
(ch. xxxii. 14
(. ,
19).
14-19).

1)
\
,
81£1 Table of Anatolius is based on the
The Paschal

, ^ &^.,
supposition that after the lapse of every cycle of

^ )^\
nineteen 6&8
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£11 moons recur on the same
days of the month, and at the same hours. This
method of " calculation, although not strictly accurate,
&\\1-cycle employed
was an advance on the eight-year
\38
"

by Hippolytus (vi.
\) (. 22)
22) and Dionysius of Alexandria
(.
(vii. 20). €
20). Anatolius reckons as the first year of his

244
244
 —
.
&^
&&
he ^
&
,
0.80.80,
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, VII.

,&
\
£
. &,&
VII. xxxii. 31-32
31-32

truly in accordance with the Gospel. After 'I'heonas

,
had given his utmost service for nineteen years, Peter
succeeded to the episcopate of the Alexandrians, and
16 too was especially prominent for twelve entire
years ; he
16 ruled the church for less than three entire
& 1•
&. &
;

3&
^
\.
,1)6£ the persecution, and for the remainder
years before

, §
of his days practised a life of severer discipline, and
^&
cared in no hidden manner for the general good of "

,
the churches. For this reason, therefore, in the ninth
\
(& ^
adorned with the crown of martyrdom.
In these books
successions, from the1)1 £
1)1&(1, and so
year of the persecution he was beheaded,
\1 "
)^
1)1 having concluded the subject of the
birth of our Saviour to the

3 —,
" "
destruction of the places of prayer—a 8)^
& subject that

^,,
extends over three hundred and five years—come,

& ^
let us next leave in writing, for the information of

\ &£
those also that come after us, what the extent and
1) £
. &
nature have been of the conflicts in our own day of
those who manfully contended for piety.

^
,
month "" (..
^ &
\1
&
cycle that upon which "" the new
^11
&-)
(i.e. the Jewish Nisan or Abib,

[, \
\1 &
-
-^ moon of the first
1)11),correspond-
ing to our March-April) falls upon March 22 1,
22 : he is,
:

^) & &^
however, in error about the vernal equinox, which
he places on March 19 19 (§
(§ 15,
15, where March 22 22 is "" the
") "
fourth day ") instead of March21.

•
insists (&
moon must £11fall after the equinox, as
whom he mentions &1
(" at the close of §§ 15,
"),
^
21. He rightly

,
(as did also Dionysius) that the paschal full
(|, & opposed to those,
\
15, who regarded

.
the full moon (" the fourteenth day "), if it fell on
(|,
the day before the equinox, as the paschal moon.

245
245
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246
246
 :

CONTENTS OF BOOK VIII

§ /
VIII

88€ ^
The Eighth Book of the Ecclesiastical History
^^^
contains the following :
.

II.

.
day.

III. On 16
III. "
.
I. On the events before the persecution in our

II. On the destruction of the churches.

16conflicts endured in the

the nature of the

IV.

«
persecution.

. £ ,\ ,
IV. On the famed martyrs of God, how they filled

\8 ^.^^
every place with their memory, being

V.
V.
VI.
VI.
VII.
VII.
86 .
wreathed with varied crowns for piety.

^^ .
186 in Nicomedia.
On those
On those in the imperial palaces.
On the Egyptians in Phoenicia.
^.
VIII.
VIII.
IX.
IX.
.
X.

XI.
XI.
^
On 186
those in Egypt.

&
.^ , .
Alexandria.
&.
On those in the Thebais.
•1^
Accounts in writing of Phileas the martyr
\1
concerning what had taken place at

&^8 ^^.
On the martyrs in Phrygia.
\,
XII.
\
XII. On very many others, both
\>\) men and women,
who endured various conflicts.
c.„
247
247
 . .

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2 .1.8
21•8
,&,^&
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, VIII.

XIII.
XIII.

XIV.
XIV.
616 \
\1
VIII. CONTENTS

piety of which 16)

6 \1
they were
\1 displayed
On the presidents of the Church who
in their own blood the genuineness of
)&&8.
.
\66ambassadors.
16 enemies of piety.
On the character of the
" the

XV.
XV.
].
[&^ \1-
On the events which happened to those with-
out [the Church].
XVI.
XVI.
XVII.
XVII.
On 16
the change of
On 16 .
" affairs for the 1)6:6.
" the rulers.
the recantation of
better.

249
249
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250
 BOOK VIII

, ^
^
HAVING concluded the succession from the apostles

:
1)1, in this eighth treatise we
in seven entire books,
6§(1 it as one of our most urgent duties to hand
regard
1<\1§ £
\, & \1 £ ,
down, for the knowledge of those that come after us,
the events of our own day, which are worthy of no

& & •,
casual record ; and from this point our account will

& ^, ^^^.
;

take its beginning.

.I. It is beyond (1)
1)(1 our powers to describe in a worthy
manner the measure and nature of that honour as 3,8

>11

, &-\ &
well as freedom \11

^ ;
which was accorded )^
1)£
by all 1)1
11 men, both
Greeks and barbarians, before the persecution in our

- £ ^
\.
, ^ £ § ^&
&^,
£1§
-
favours granted \3
£
day, to that word of piety toward the God of

£ & ^ 1)
universe which had been proclaimed through Christ

\
to the world. Yet proofs might be
£ the
1) forthcoming in the
by the rulers to our people ; to whom

£1
&.&&)
^ £
inces, freeing them from agony of mind as
£
;

they would even entrust the government of the prov-

& regards
sacrificing, because of the great friendliness that they
£
£
,\,
used to entertain for their doctrine. Why need one
speak of those in the imperial palaces and of the
supreme rulers, who
—
\1 allowed the members of their
—
£
£

,^
£^^&& -
households—wives, children and servants—to practise
££ the divine word
openly to their face \(1 and conduct,
— —
and—one might say—permitted them even to boast
£ £1
of the freedom accorded to the faith ?? And these
they used to regard with especial esteem and more &
251
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 .88.
--&.
,\1 &
,
,&
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, VIII.
VIII. 1. 4 7
. 4-7

£{&1)1 than their fellow-servants. Such a one

favourably
was the famous Dorotheus, who
\&8 \1 surpassed all
-

11 in his
1
6 ^^ ^.&
tions as
066)6
" ^ -
devotion and faithfulness to them, and for this reason
\8 more highly honoured than men who held posi-
was

,
& rulers or governors. With him was
celebrated Gorgonius and &11

^ \ ^
\3 the
\1, like them,
all those who,
1)
^
& . ^^
^^&- & ^,\
\}

,
1)&
had been deemed worthy of the same honour because

, ^
"
of the word of God. With what \13.favour one might
note that the rulers in every church were honoured
by all
&11 procurators and governors ! And how could
!

one fully describe those assemblies thronged with

countless men, and the multitudes that gathered

^
^,
together in every city, and the famed concourses in
"
the places of prayer ; by
; £ \11they were
\)reason of which
"
1>1(1§of olden time,
no longer satisfied with the buildings

^ & ,
and would erect from the foundations churches of

\
spacious dimensions throughout&11

§1) ^,
"
all the cities ?? And
as these things went forward with the times, and day

,
)^ , ^ ^\
by day increasingly grew mightier, no envy could
\)
stop them, nor was\8 any evil spirit able to cast its

^ ,^ ^
§, ,
^,
spell or hinder them by

-,
,,
ing, as a worthy object,
)]1;,its own people.
1§
1) human devices, so long as the
\ §-
divine and heavenly hand was sheltering and guard-

But when, as the result of greater freedom, a."1

\
\
change to pride and sloth came over our affairs, we

,
fell to envy and fierce railing against one another,
\•§
^, \
-
81^,as occasion
warring upon ourselves, so to speak,
"
offered, with weapons and spears formed of words ;
and rulers attacked rulers and laity formed factions
1:)1
;

)1 \^,
against laity, while unspeakable hypocrisy and pre-
tence pursued their evil course to the furthest end :

\ ^§11; \11a sparing hand, as is

until the divine judgement with
0\),
(£ the assemblies were still crowded),
its wont (for

258
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254
254
 ^,
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, VIII.

-
VIII. 1.
. 77-9
9 -

^,

^
&;
"
-
-
1)§
(}61) and moderately began to exercise its over-
quietly

.
sight, the persecution commencing with the 1)616

- , §\11
brethren
in the army. But when in our blindness we took not
0&6 to secure the goodwill and propitious
the least care

&^ &^» ^» £
^^ some kind of atheists,
favour of the Deity, but, like

&, ^ &
& ^
i magined that our affairs escaped all heed and over-
^, \ &116 ;
sight, we went on adding one wickedness to another

& "(&,
;

£,
and those accounted our pastors, casting aside the
sanctions of 16
the fear of God, were enflamed with

^& & &, ^,

\ (' )^ £) &§
, ^
mutual contentions, and did nothing else 1)

, ^
but add to
the strifes and threats, the jealousy, enmity and
hatred that they used one to another, claiming with •1:1

^
all vehemence the objects of their ambition as if they
&11

were a despot's spoils ; then indeed, then according

;

(&
&><1
\(1 spoken by
to the word
^, & \) Jeremiah,
^^^^£11, the Lord hath
darkened the daughter of Zion in his anger, and bath
§\
^
cast down from heaven the glory of Israel ; he bath
, )/^ ;

^&, ^
not remembered - his footstool in the day of his anger ;

^ ^.&,
& & 1)11)
8\&11
but the Lord hath also swallowed up 11
Israel and bath broken down 11
according to \1&

& ^,
what 1&8
all the beauty of
all his hedges. And
has been foretold in the Psalms,
&
He bath overturned the covenant of his servant and

&& §11^^
hath profaned to the ground, through the destruction
;

^, &
of the churches, his sanctuary and bath broken down
\&1.
&
all
11
,
31 his hedges, he hath made his strongholds cowardice.

, &
All that pass 1)

^.. by the way have spoiled the multitudes

^
& ,.
of the people, yea more, he bath become a reproach

&,
to his neighbours. For he hath exalted the right hand

8\ &
of his adversaries, and hath turned \)\
back the help of

& &\
his sword and hath not taken his part in the battle.
;
But he bath also made his purification to cease, and
§(1, and bath
bath cast his throne down to the ground,

255
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I1 A.D. 303.
303.
256
256
 80,
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY,VIII.
VIII. .
i. — . 44
99—n.
8. ,;"
we
^
II. All
II.

6(1 &
&•; &^ &^
shortened the days of his time and, last of all,
covered him with shame.
66 ^,
1
3.11,he hath

\6 saw with our very eyes the houses of prayer cast

&6 , &-,
1),
down to their foundations from top to bottom, and

^
the inspired and sacred Scriptures committed to the

- £
flames in the midst of the market-places, and the

,
\16
11things in truth were fulfilled in our day, when
&;

& \^-
pastors of the churches, some shamefully hiding them-
selves here and there, while\11others were ignomini-
,<§ ,
ously captured and made a mockery 1)) by their enemies ;
when also, according to another prophetic word, \(1,
poureth contempt upon princes, and causeth them to
He
;

)^, \
\1 -&,
& 8)\
wander in the waste, where there is no way.

,}^
"&.

.
But &

]1
&,
,
as to these, it is not our part to describe their
melancholy misfortunes in the issue, even as we do
not think it proper to hand down to memory their

^
dissensions and unnatural conduct to one another

\1
^^,<§1,
-
before the persecution. Therefore we resolved to
1)
place on record nothing more about them than what

we

^^
\\1justify the divine judgement. Accordingly;
would

&, & \
\6 determined not even to mention those who
been tried by

,, -"
1)the persecution, or have made
\1have
3.(1utter
shipwreck of their salvation, and of their own free

^, ^ 1§8
,,
will
\11 were plunged in the depths of the billows1)11\; but
; 1>
$ may 1)
as ,
\6 shall &(1
we add to the general history only such things
be profitable, first to ourselves, and then to

§.&
those that come after us. Let us proceed, therefore,_ .
from this point to give a summary description of the
\.
^
!

-
sacred conflicts of the martyrs of the divine Word.
&
^

2
^
\1 ,
The seventh month of
in September.
61:1[)6.
& &
It was the nineteenth year of the reign of Dio-
&,^& ^,^ &,
cletian,' and the month Dystrus, 2 or March, as
\,
&,^^&
&8 the
;Romans would call it, in which, as the festival of the
£the Macedonian year, which began
^.
VOL. II
II K 257
257
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III.
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eva0A4cravres, FceyciAaw dycinicov iaroptas e7r-
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hr' dadOovs. Ketp,evos idaKpdv
i.e. Easter.
258
€58
,. ,
' ^&,§ ^ &
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, VIII. . 4-111.
VIII. ii. 4— 33 .
;

^, ^ ; -
,
&8
§
was 66}"166
\8 coming on, an
Saviour's Passion' was ^ 3, imperial letter
everywhere promulgated, ordering the razing of

6 *116868,-^
the churches to the ground and the 16 destruction by
fire of the Scriptures, and proclaiming that those who
^, \1
1)

^, - . \11

,& -, ^^-,
held high positions would lose all 3,11 civil rights, while

^
those in households, £

&
if they persisted in their profes-
sion of Christianity, would 1) be deprived of their liberty.
Such was the first document against us. But not
1§ \
.
-!
long afterwards we were further visited with other

.
letters, and in them the order was \£8 given that the
presidents of the churches should all, 11, in every place,
,
)
,
be first committed to prison, and then afterwards

, -
compelled1)

^ £
by every kind of device to sacrifice.
III. Then indeed, then very
III. "
)7^ many rulers of the
1&
>
&;
, \
churches contended with a stout heart under terrible

, \1 1)"1,
numbed beforehand, readily proved \&1
\1; "
1;)1
torments, and displayed spectacles of mighty conflicts ;
\3.(1 had
while countless others, whose souls cowardice
weak at the first
\11 of the rest, each underwent a series
assault ; while

^^ && ^,
;

£
of varied forms of torture : one would have his body

^
:

5
&
,& & ^^
maltreated by1> scourgings ; another would be punished

; 11\
&, ^
.
^
;

with the rack and torn to an unbearable degree,

whereat some met a miserable end to their life. But
,^, emerged from the conflict otherwise :
others, again,
3.1>&1)1 and unholy
one man was brought to the abominable

,
:

&
sacrifices \)
by the violence of others who pressed round

&
1

&
,
him, and dismissed as

1
^, ^ &
& if he had sacrificed, even though
he had not ; another who did not so

.
; 80 much as approach
or touch any accursed thing, when others had said

-
that he had sacrificed, went away bearing the false

, ^, ( ^ , 1§ §-
accusation in silence. A third was
&8
dead and cast aside as
\& taken up half-
&8 if he were a corpse already ;
and, again, a certain person lying on the ground was
;

&^^ 1§
dragged &a long distance \> 1)
by the feet, having been
259
259


^ -
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260
260
1
, ^, .
668, or, as&£ some have thought, the Devil. The
 .,, ,&.
1
^
.&, §1§ . &
VIII. in. 33—iv. 2
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY,VIII.

\1
\ }^
.
reckoned among those who had voluntarily sacrificed.
One cried out and with a loud voice attested his
refusal to sacrifice, and another shouted aloud that
he was a Christian, glorying in his confession of the
£§
— .

£ ,
saving Name. Another stoutly maintained that he
had not sacrificed, and never would. Nevertheless
these also were struck on the mouth and silenced by )^
9,

^ &^
^; . ^
a large band

. ;&
"
1)3. of soldiers drawn up for that purpose,

§ & &
and with blows on their face and cheeks driven
forcibly away. So great store did the enemies of
godliness set on seeming )^ &. means to have
by any
£

&
accomplished their purpose.

^ 3.^. \\ ^&;
)
But even such methods did not avail them against
"
the holy martyrs. What word of ours could suffice

^
for an accurate description of these? ? IV.
might tell of countless numbers who
&11
IV. For one
\1 displayed a3,

^ ^3
not only from what time the persecution was

^ ,&
. up against all, but 1§ 1),
&.
"
marvellous zeal for piety to the God of the universe ;
)^ \£ stirred
1) long before, during the period
;

1\
i &\&1§,

^ , &^ ^
I when peace was still firmly established. For when
he who had received the authority 1^ was
\,
\& just now
awakening, as it were, from profound torpor, though
1\ ,
I he was in,a secret and hidden manner already making
attempts against
, came &£;
" &&,^(
&§&3; the churches during the time that
,
after Decius and Valerian, and did not get
\& against us all
'-
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&
self in readiness for the war
but as
1)111;

(
could easily 1)
1)
&
^,\1;
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^; &
)^ ^\
3,11 at

&8 yet made an attempt only upon those in the

camps (for in this way he thought that the rest also
}^ if first of 11
&1 once,

^
all he were to get the

^, )8 ,
I better in the conflict with these) : then one could see
:

^&
.&
great numbers of those in the army most gladly
(
€)&§
embracing civil life, so that they might not prove
" profound torpor"
i" " is &' —
18 the forty years' peace—the interval
£
between the persecutions of Valerian and Diocletian.
261
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262
262
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«' Veturius, 8 8 in his

as Eusebius tells us 8
.
,
^ ^ ^ ),^1§
80,
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, VIII.

^ -
§3(68 16 }^
2—. 11
VIII. iv. 2—v.

,^-
renegades in their piety toward the Creator of the
universe. For when the supreme commander,' who-
ever 16
.

\8, was just making his first attempt at per-

he was,
16 86•8—863,§
secuting the soldiers—separating into classes
86§
18868and
thoroughly sifting out those serving in the camps,
§§
\1-
—

, (1
giving them a choice whether they would obey and
^^
'
enjoy the rank they held, or else be

^,
1)deprived of it,
(81)7the commandment—a&
if they continued to disobey

^
,
&,
. ^
^
&^
§3,many soldiers of Christ's kingdom, without
great

& & [61&3 \1:

hesitation, unquestionably preferred to confess Him

& ^^ ^^^^
than retain the seeming glory and prosperity that

&& ^^,
\
they possessed. And already in rare cases one or
"
^&-
two of these were receiving not only loss of honour "
,
1)even death in exchange for their godly stedfast-
but

\^ \^
ness, for 3, -&working
as yet the instigator of the plot was

&
1)1(1

. ^
with a certain moderation and daring to proceed unto

^ £ 1)1,
; &^,
blood only in some instances ; fearing, presumably,
the multitude of believers, and hesitating to plunge
; \1
; )
^ § &&
\& against us all at once. But when he
into the war

&
prepared himself still further for 1)111,

' battle, it is quite

,
impossible to recount the number or the splendour of
\8given to the inhabitants
God's martyrs that it was
.
^ -& -,
throughout all
V.
11 the cities and country parts to see.
1)§ with,
V. To begin \1, the moment that the decree
against the churches was
^^ -& published at Nicomedia, a
)8,
, \ ,,
certain person 2^ by no means obscure, 1)but most highly
honoured as the world counts pre-eminence, moved
by zeal toward God and carried away )^
\) \7 1)^
by his burning

.
faith, seized and tore it to pieces, when posted up in

^ \1^.
an open and public place, as an unholy and profane
Chronicle. The words ""whoever he was )&1)7

,
" are probably
\^9,8"

\1
— \&8
3&376;18,11&&1:(
contemptuous—he was not worth naming.

)7 &
on February 24,
1\6,
Tradition, however, identified him with S5(:. ^.
^ Probably Eueth ius, who suffered martyrdom at Nicomedia!
2

« )1861.
24, the day on which the edict was published.
^^ t. George of England. ,,.(
263"
263
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^ i.e. ** i.e.&.
.«. Galerius.
,. , ^
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, VIII.

^[ ,
VIII. v. 1— 33
. 1—vi. .

, ^
; ]
thing ; [and this he did] while two emperors were
686 16 same city, the senior of them all,'
present in the
\66
\\,^ and

& ,&&&&&
&
.2 ;
who

followed a daring &1

,
-
him.' But this man was the first of those &1
;

time, in his endurance of such results as

11\ &^
&"6
he who held the fourth place in the government after
at that time
\1 thus distinguished himself ; and, at the same
&,
& naturally
act of this kind, he maintained an
untroubled and undisturbed demeanour to ; his very
1)1.
1)
^, \11
;^
last breath.
&§\1 \1
VI. But among all

^ ^ &
11 those whose praises have ever

-
yet been sung as worthy of admiration and famed for
courage, whether by

. & &,
^
3&)£8,this occa-
1) Greeks or barbarians,

-
&-^
sion produced those divine and outstanding martyrs
Dorotheus and the imperial servants that were with

,\
1>
highest honour by

^
him. These persons had been deemed worthy of the
)^ their masters, who loved them no
less than their own children ; 1);

§6& \&-
;

^)^
but they accounted the

,
reproaches and sufferings for piety and the many
forms of death that were newly devised against them,
&
.,
.\^
as truly greater riches than the fair fame and luxury

&
of this life. We shall mention the kind of death that

\ ^, &
, .
one of them met, and leave our readers to gather from
that instance what
\1&1 happened to the others.

\
\1 -< & 1)§
A certain man was publicly brought forward in the

,
city of which we have spoken above, under the rulers

^
we have mentioned. He was ordered to sacrifice ;
\
§ &, §
5 he refused, the command was given that he
and, as
\1
;

\^ &^&
\ ^,
should 1)
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- .- ,
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body
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when he remained unmoved even under these suffer-

^. ,
^,
ings, they proceeded to mix vinegar and salt together

\ £§1
and pour them into the mangled parts of his body,
1) &1&
where the bones were already showing. And as & he
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ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, VIII.

§
VIII. vi. 3-7

,6&8
3-7

despised these pains also, a gridiron and

then produced, and the
66
, ^,
& &
16 remnants of his body,
^
if it were flesh for eating, were consumed by
.
3. fire were
],
1), just as &8
1) the fire,

..,&.^ ^^^- ,.
&,
not all

^,
&11 at
but little by ;

,\ ,
&1 once, in case he might find immediate
release, 1)

&
\1 placed
1) little ; nor were those who
him on the pyre allowed to desist, until, after such
sufferings, he should signify his assent to what was

§-1§
commanded. But he clung fixedly to his purpose,
\&8

1§1
&
and ^^^111^
triumphantly gave up the ghost in the midst of

, ^^
\^
imperial servants, who truly was

,^,
For he was called Peter.

;
\
But we shall pass )^
£
his tortures. Such was the martyrdom of one of the
£
\&8 worthy of his name.

^&£
by the martyrdoms of the rest,
though they were not inferior, having regard to the
&^
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;
,
£

&,, -^
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,
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£
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8 carried off the prizes of the God-given victory._
so )?^..

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1)1
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\1; & (, ^
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& & \--^

;

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,--,
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- 8\ &,
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1)1
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268
268
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The province of Armenia Minor, of
 ,.^ ,
-^,-
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, VIII.
VIII. vi. 7-10
7-10 .
868,
servants, \16
whose 1)€8
bodies 3,£6

,
after death had been&
mitted to the ground with fitting honours, their
8&§
&868, starting afresh, deemed it necessary
reputed masters,
to exhume them and cast them also into the sea, lest
&^
1)6 com-

,
.8 ^
,,
^),

,^
.
any, 6§3,§
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, & \&
\1
§8 (
3.8 actually gods (so &1;

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tombs.

( \6 &;
at least they
\3 in their
\66 done in Nicomedia
Such were the things that were
1)§§
, the beginning of the persecution. But not long
at

^
&6•\&8, when some in the district known as
afterwards,
&
Melitene,' and again on the other hand when others
1\1§
£8

,*
\
, ,\ &
&
in Syria, had attempted to take possession of the

^
- .
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presidents of the churches everywhere should be

)
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what followed surpasses 11
1)

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place a countless number were shut up, and every-
\1 ,1)&
;

,, §^ ,
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with 1)88
1§
§-)1),
&§ had been prepared
for murderers and grave-robbers, were then filled
bishops and presbyters and deacons, readers and
exorcists, so that there was ,
\3. no longer any room left
\§§.
there for those condemned for wrongdoing.
&

,,6.) ,, ,&\
prison should 1)6
sacrificed,1)
by
be &11\
& 1) § 11\
\& followed by
Moreover, the first letter was
wherein the order had been given that those in
)6
\) others,

allowed to go in liberty if they

but if they refused, should be 1) mutilated
1)7 countless tortures. And then, once more, how

I
'
&^
could one here number the multitude of the martyrs

&,' 1)
in each province, and especially of those in Africa
and Mauretania,' and in Thebais and Egypt ??
From this last country also some departed into other

'* Lit.
&{)^ 8) 8." £8.
It 18is quite uncertain to what rising Eusebius here refers.
^. "" the province (gOpos) of the Moors."
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 ,^
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, VIII. 10— 33
VIII.vi. 10—vii. . .
&^.
068
VII.
, \6
cities and provinces and were distinguished in their
martyrdoms.
1\
&
VII. We know at any rate those of them who

\ ,&\ \1were
conspicuous in Palestine, and we know also those at
16&.
&
\66

-^ ^ -
}^6 in Phoenicia. Who that saw \& not
Tyre
)66 3,\ them was
struck with amazement at the numberless lashes and
(€
&^;
the stedfastness displayed under them by 1) these
)^ "
-
truly marvellous champions of godliness ; at the

6(6
;

&
conflict with man-eating wild beasts that followed
immediately on the lashes ; the attacks that then
;

took place of leopards and different kinds of bears,

1)6&8, of
\1
wild )3.8 \1
boars and bulls goaded with hot iron ; and the
)1
;

marvellous endurance of these166 noble persons when

\16

^ , ^,
, -
1)6
opposed to each of the wild beasts ?? We ourselves

,^. -^ 1§
\66 present when these things were happening,
were
-
what time we beheld the present, divine power of our
Saviour, ^^8Jesus Christ Himself, the Object
013^^^ of their
witness, and the clear manifestation of that power to
1
the6 martyrs. The 1)6
16man-eating beasts for a consider-
6
^
16
,^ \
able time did not dare to touch or even approach
1)6
the bodies of those who \66were dear to God, but made
their attacks on the others who presumably were
§§
^) ,
provoking and urging them on from the outside ;
\16 16
while the holy champions \66

\ , 1)
were the only persons they
did not reach at all, though they stood naked,
;

\§
,\1 -
waving their hands to draw them on to themselves
( \1)
\1 , ,
;^ ,
(for this they were commanded to do) ; and some-
;

times, when the beasts would make a rush at them,

they would be
^1§ , . \1
1) checked by,
\), as it were, some divine

^
power and once again retreat to the rear. And when

^, ,\6
this happened for a long time, it occasioned no small
astonishment among the spectators, so that, as the

^.
first beast did nothing, a second and a third were let
loose against one and the same martyr.
271
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55

Acts 9, 1
,
Troalv Kai rag fdpaaw TfiSe KaKcicre xpaqievos Kai
Sta Tabs (I7T6 Taw KaIn-wan , pEütatioas Ovp.ofi
•^5• 7TV&W ELS TOOT," 101.0 wpOs. Tijs. lepas avO-
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aVTL As. KaG Tackaw Tois OaAarriocs. 7rapa818ovrai
VIII. Kai Tocciiiros it.av o ciyetw Taw 11
Kti,uaaw. VIII.
KaTa T?ipov Tan 2571.43 ekrefietas. a'0Aovs. -
Seceatavaw Alyznrricov.
272
872
,.
^ , & &
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, VIII.
5
&
4—
VIII. vii. 4.--vnt..11 .
One might be astounded at the fearless and valiant

, ^^
1)&^ 08 holy persons in the face of£ these
bearing of those

&, ^,
^667 , , &&
&}^, inflexible endurance to be
trials, and the steady,
1)6. For example, you
found in young bodies.
86
,
)^ might
have seen 3.a youth, not twenty years old in all,

, , ^^ &
standing unbound, his hands spread in the form of a

^^ &^ -
cross, and, with a mind undismayed and unmoved,
most leisurely engaged in earnest prayer to the
£
1)6

§ ;

&,. &
Deity ; never a whit changing his ground or retreat-

1)1^ ^ &,
&,
ing from the place where he had taken his stand,

\,
\11 1)£
while

^^ \ , & ,
bears and leopards, breathing anger and
,
almost touched his very flesh. And yet, by

& ^ ^
3. death,
)^ a&divine
and mysterious power I cannot explain, their mouths

^
were muzzled, so to speak, and they ran back
. 1)1 again
& &.
( \
to the rear. Such a one was \£8 he. Again you might

, 86 11\

^
have seen others (for they were five in all) &11) thrown
to a maddened bull,

&§
&
\ & ^&
,
,^
;
1)11, who,
&

, ^-
up half-dead ; but
&
,
\1, when others approached
from the outside, tossed them into the air with

&- &§1
& 1§
&^
horns and mangled them, leaving them to be taken
\1
\11 his

1)1; when he rushed in threatening

anger at the holy martyrs as &8 they stood unprotected,
he was unable even to approach them, though he

^^
pawed with his feet and pushed with

^
\1;1 his horns this
way and that ; and though the goading irons pro-
&
^,
;

\8

\\ ^
voked him to breathe anger and threatening he was
&^^ 1)&1&\7 backwards 1)
dragged away by Divine Providence ; so 80

&-
;

\1
3,1 other wild beasts were let loose against them,
that
^^.
since the bull in no way did them the slightest injury.
&,
1)- \
Then at last, after the terrible and varied assaults of

£
^
1)&, they were all
these beasts,
and instead of being
mitted to the waves of the sea. VIII.
£
VIII. Such was
\(1,
&11 butchered with the sword,
1)§ buried in the earth were com-
. & ^^ \£8 the
contest of the Egyptians who at Tyre displayed their
" ^.
conflicts on behalf of piety.
273
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&; ,
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, VIII. 1— 22
VIII. vim 1—ix. . .

,
,' , ^ \ &, "them also that were
But one must admire those of \6
)6,
\16countless numbers,
martyred in their own land, where
&^
men, women and children, despising this passing

^. ^ &-
life, endured various forms of death for the sake of

&
^^ ^,, ^ &
our Saviour's teaching. Some of them were \66com-

§ ^
mitted to the flames after being torn and racked and
grievously scourged, and suffering other manifold
torments terrible to hear, while some were engulfed
&§
;&^ ,, ^
1€ sea
6£ ; others with
in the
& ; \;1a good courage stretched
; ,
forth their heads to them that cut them off, or died

, , , ^, -
in the midst of their tortures, or perished of hunger ;
and others again were crucified, some as
&)^
& male-
factors usually are, and some, even more brutally,
;

, ^ ^
^ 1-\-
were nailed in the opposite manner, head-down-
wards, and kept alive until they should perish of

^ ^.1). \ \^,
§11).
hunger on the gibbet.
IX.
IX. But it surpasses all 11 description what
\11; the
martyrs in the Thebais endured as regards both
outrages and agonies. They had the entire body 1)7

1)7

,
torn to pieces with sharp sherds instead of claws,

-
even until life was extinct. Women were fastened

\, ^
3 17 \ ^,^ \§
by one foot and swung aloft 11§1
downwards, to a height by
,
through the air, head-
)^ certain machines, their

.
bodies completely naked with not even a covering ;

,
, . ^\ ^
\ }^
and thus they presented this most disgraceful, cruel

,
and inhuman of all

'
\11 company
11 spectacles to the whole
^,
of onlookers. Others, again, were fastened to trees
and trunks, and so died. For they drew together by
certain machines the very strongest of the branches,
to each of which they fastened one of the martyr's
)
;

§, 1)}
legs, and then released the branches to take up their
275
275
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276
276
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' EKE1V01. Oavttaaarrepoc
&&
, .
all
.^^
&11 at

-^
18
80,
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, VIII.

of this device. And indeed all

^^)8
VIII. ix. 2-6
2-6

done, not for a few days or for some brief

£ 1§
&,
for a long period extending over whole
,
.
natural position : thus contriving the rending asunder
:

^ once of the limbs

1)8 of those who \1 were
\66 the objects
&11 these things were

^ -
\11years—some-
1)
1)6£ space, but

)—1\}
persons \>§
than thirty, \ &\1
times more than ten, at other times above twenty
;

^^ ,,
being put to death ; and at others not less
87, and again at other
1;11^^^, now nearer sixty,
times a hundred men would be
\, 3^
188

1) slain in a8. single day,

along

. -
&1^ with quite young children and women, being
condemned to manifold punishments which followed

, ^&,
one on the other.

these places, many all

£ \1 &11 at
-
And we ourselves also 1)11, \1
,\6
beheld, when we were at
, once in a single
8§1 day, some
,

' , -
of whom suffered decapitation, others the punish.

,\,\
ment of fire ; so that the murderous axe was

.
\8dulled

^
;

)
and, worn out, was broken in pieces, while

\
§\
\11 the execu-
tioners themselves grew utterly weary and took it
in turns to succeed one another. It was then that we
observed a most marvellous eagerness and a truly

.,,
divine power and zeal in those who

^ ^; 8
\
\1 had placed their

^
"
\8 (^
faith in the Christ of God. Thus, as soon as sentence

£
was given against the first, some from one quarter
\1
^ ,
and others from another would leap up to the tribunal
1) 3§ \
before the judge and confess themselves Christians ;

\ \1
;

,
^ ^^
paying no heed when faced with terrors and the

317 1§
"
varied forms of tortures, but 1)1;undismayedly and
boldly speaking of the piety towards the God of the
] "
^^ ,^
universe, and \;1 with joy and laughter and gladness

^
receiving the final sentence of death ; 8 so that they J

^
;

\^
sang and sent up hymns and thanksgivings to the
God of the universe even to the very last breath. 1)1;1.
\11 these indeed were marvellous, those
And while
especially were marvellous \1 who were distinguished
277
 TrAoliTcp
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278
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1 1V.
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 ,.
, ,^^
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, VIII. 80, 6— . 11
VIII. ix. 6—x. .
&^
& &, -
&,.
for 611,
wealth, 1>1
birth and reputation, as &8 for learning
&8 also

, &
and philosophy, and )^1; yet put everything second to
true piety and faith in our Saviour and Lord Jesus ^^8
;. &
Christ. Such was Philoromus ; who
"
\1 had been
;

\11 an office of no small importance in the

trusted with
imperial administration ,
&&
at Alexandria, and who,\1, in

/ .^^,^ &,\1 ^}^

connexion with the dignity and rank that he had
3&1
from the Romans, used to conduct judicial inquiries
&
Such &1
^,
also \3, &,
every day, attended by \§\
)^ a bodyguard of soldiers.
was Phileas, bishop of the church of the
Thmuites, 1 a&man who \1 was distinguished for the
)^
services he rendered to his country in public positions,
and also for his skill in philosophy. And though §&1 great

, ,
^ & ^ -
numbers of relatives and other friends besought
them, as & many officials of high rank, and
3,8 well as

^^
though the judge himself exhorted them to take pity
& ^&,

8
)^§
, ^
^
on themselves and spare their children and wives,
they could in no wise 1)

,-
^
denying ; but
;

&,
be induced

tion, nay rather, with a pious and

stood firm against 31
,
8§
",
by this strong pres-
^ \)
sure to decide in favour of love of life and despise

-
the ordinances of our Saviour as 3.8 to confessing and

\).and philosophic resolu-

1) with a brave
^^
3(1 godly soul, they
all the threats and insults of the
3§,

3.
\ •,
, ^
judge, and
3(1 both
-
1)1.
1)1 were beheaded.

reputation for his secular learning as

appear as
3, 8\
^
1138 deserved a high
X. But since we said 2^ that Phileas
38 well,

3&1^ 3
•11, let him
38 his own witness, to show us who he was, \38,
and at
\
\ 13
we could, the martyrdoms that took place
33. 3
andria. Here are his words : :
-
3 the same time to relate, more accurately than
306 at3 Alex-

' Thmuis was a town in Lower

* 9.
2
9. 7, )6.
7, above.
^.
^^^ Egypt.
279
 EUSEBIUS

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07TA7C0 Tth XdpE 8096Tes. irepi, TO ea011 e'ripTa.11,TO
 ./
" &
80,
VIII. .
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY,VIII. x. 2-5
2-5

».
From the Writings of Phileas to the Thmuites.
" Since 11 6 & ^^
all these examples and patterns and goodly

"
but directed the eye
6 £ &
&,
tokens are placed before us in the divine and sacred
868,6
Scriptures, the blessed martyrs ^8with us did not hesitate,
6^6of the soul sincerely toward

§ &; ^^&& ^^,,

the God who is 18 over all,

finding that our Lord Jesus

our sakes,
\1
&11, and with a mind resolved on

death for piety they clung fast to their calling,

1< ^618Christ became man for
68)
8&168, that He might destroy every kind
and provide us with the means of entering into
"
1^^{^of sin,

.
^ ;
, & ',
eternal life. For He counted it not a prize to be

, .' ,
on an equality
6(|£17 with God, but
"
1)1; emptied Himself,
taking the form of a servant ; and being 1)6^found in
1)6

^ ,
;

, ^ ,^-,
fashion 8 as a man, He humbled Himself unto death,
\6£
yea, the death of the £ 16cross. Wherefore also,
^,
desiring earnestly the greater gifts, the Christ-
"
1)6^
^ ^
&)78endured every kind of suffering and
bearing martyrs
all manner of devices of torture, not once, but

,§
1); even a

,
second time in some cases ; and

\ , &
vied in all

\
word 1)
; 3. though their guards
&§&8them, not only in
3,11 kinds of threats against

.
but also
8.180 in deed, they refused to give up their

,
resolution, 1)3,8
!;
, &^\ ^ &
because perfect love casteth out fear.
What account would suffice to reckon up their bravery1)3,
\1
^ ,^, ,
and courage under each torture ?? For when all

&. & .
,
who wished were given 8,a free hand to insult them,
some smote them with cudgels, others with rods, others
\1 ^&,with straps, and others
with scourges ; others, again,
;

with ropes. And the spectacle of their tortures was \&8

86
Some \11
with both
\1
a varied one with no lack
1)11 hands
suspended upon the §)1), gibbet, and with
\
1&^1^of wickedness therein.

& 1)1
13, bound behind them were
-
\1;1 the aid of cer-

281
281
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EUSEBIUS

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, , ^,
'
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p,ETOatvev, Tag 7rpo-14pots KareAll.t7ravev 4E8pE4Etv
Totis col.,CTICL al3T0i; t57711 p ET 01.1.1.11 , 0 ,, Et 7T OU

'
TGS 7)TT7)0 TWV f3aadivow v8t80Ivat
cigSEL8Cos. `
Kelte4wv

^-
Kai i-ois Sec/pas irpoc•avat

, ,* ,-
Kai /LEVI Tana tkuxoppayormi-as aen-cnis KaTa-
TtOetzlvous. ELS Tiv yip, `axEcrOat• 073 yap Ervac. Kcii, 77
ugpog Opowri8os. anois
a oi57-co

alKaTtLatig
8, , ,
8LavocicrOat, Kai 71" paTT ELY , Lin tin KIT ' OVT CO V,
Tairrip, 8EvTgpav flaaavov 6ri T dig TTA7f ya6S TWV
1.57T EV aVT ICOV ELI) Et 1p OVTCOV

crecpwv d7rcin, 8caTeraplvot litukco

T
• ^
. 7Ijaav
T017 et5A0v KE4,Evo„

^
Karacivcirqv al3Tobs. E7Tl TOO eatov inrriotys Etvat,

*
p.-11 Svva,alvovs Sta '6,avAa rpa4,uaTa aryl
7TA7n/O3 K a0' aov TOO acUp,aTos JTepoc
8E ELS roaaOos i3ukgv-rEs. gKEEVTO 757TO TilS* TWV
OL Kai /AETa Tan' 88
8,a TWV Ta•-
Teo 7rO8e, WS KaZ

282
282
 ,.,
,
VIII. x.
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, VIII. . 5-8
5-8

&\ ^^
),
^
as

. ^
tain machines stretched out in every limb ; then, as

86
^,
"
\
the instruments of torture, but
;

they lay in this plight, the torturers acting on orders

1)6§
, -
began to lay on over their whole body, \6
1)0(1), not only,
&8 in the case of murderers, punishing their sides with
1)also their belly,
and cheeks. Others were suspended from the porch
1)67,legs
,
^
^
by

\ 1) §, &, ^^ -
\) one hand and raised aloft ; and in the tension of
;

[&16^.
11)experienced unequalled agony.
their joints and limbs
Others were bound with their face towards pillars,
16
\ (&\ ^
£

^
their feet not touching the ground, and thus their

, -^ " • -
bonds were drawn tight by )^^ the pressure upon them
of the weight of the body. And this they would

^^\1\1, \ \ ,
endure, not while the governor conversed or was \&8

. ^§" ) \1 ,
engaged with them, 1) but almost throughout the entire
day. For when he went away to others, he would
leave the agents of his authority to watch the first, if
perchance anyone should be overcome 1)
"
by the tortures

11} 1) ,^ ,, \1 -
and seem to give in ; and he bade
; 1)&them approach

§ §£
^ ,
mercilessly \1;1
with bonds also,' and, when they were at

&\ \^&^,
. [ &] &
the last gasp after all (1\ to the
&11 this, take them down
ground and drag them off. For [he said] that they
&

\6
1) to be
but
. ,
were not to have the least particle of
\)so

.
of any account. Such was

, \
£regard for us,
8 disposed and act as if£we were no longer
\8 the second torture that

11
,
our enemies devised in addition to the stripes.
And some, even after the tortures, were placed in

, ,
the stocks, and had 1)1

[ ^]
both feet stretched out to the
fourth hole, so that they were compelled to lie on
\)] therein, being
their back 1)§ unable [to sit upright]

§
because of the recent wounds they had from the

,
stripes over the whole 1).

^ ^
to the ground and lay

.1
body. Others were thrown
1^ there, by \)reason of the whole-
\ &(1&
1 The text gives no good sense : perhaps we should read
^

£ :
11\
\1-
\1;."
rpoo nOhnu for IrpootIvat: "
- : " he bade (1€ actually add
\3.& them to
their bonds without mercy."
288
283
 ;

, , EUSEBIUS

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Ex. 22,

.
22, 20
20 ,'
Oavcircp Itcnv jK8gxecrOat, ot',8av /2,EVvrjaavres
oicrtavcos hri TOv OcivaTov IxcLpovv• n8eaav yap 7a
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'

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'
1 , 41,0
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p zipTypos Owval. 77.p8) TEAEvTatas

, ^
aTToCf)aaewS, VITO rip 8 Ea ILCOTGK7F ge ' inrcipxow
Ttletv, TOTS Kara T7)V aerroii irapotKlav et8eAchois
,

,
77'ECITEf,AKEL Cip.a auav 7a gv ots , EiVaTLO4LEVOg
atm Kai rrapopitetiv atiTals. evrrp16;^^
x gr ec Oat

-
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ev Xptarip 0€oacI3das. dkla 71 xpi 7TOAAa Alyea/ 12
Kai Katvo7gpas 172-1 Kacvare'pacs TWV ava 7471, 011(0V -
12

,
/161v Oecnrpor 16v papTt;pow d0A75crets waparit9EcrOat,
pciAcara TC1JV 01)KETI, /LEV KO LV Li) VOjUp , 170A11100
T pgr7TGU IT EITOAGO pK71114VCOV
284
284
,.,^
, ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, VIII.

\ &1&1 "
83,16 application of 16
sale

. , &&, \
who saw them a sight
. 8-12
VIII. x. 8-12

the tortures ; presenting to those

6)6
;

8§1 more terrible than did the

& \)
&
1)68
actual punishment, in that they bore on their bodies
&8 £ 16 manifold and varied tortures that were
marks of the
devised. In this condition of affairs, some died

& ,^ &
&^
,§^.; ,
under their tortures, having shamed the 16adversary
\6
&
by ;

&^
\16 others were shut up half
\) their endurance ; while
dead in prison, and after not many days perfected by 1))

& -,,
reason of their agonies ; the remainder recovered
;

under treatment, and as £

& the result of time and their
116
8&7 in prison gained confidence. So then, when the
stay
\£8 given and the choice held out, either to
order was

&6.\^ & ^. ,
606§
&1)&1)6sacrifice and be
touch the abominable

£667 ^^ - \1
1)6unmolested,
receiving from them the accursed freedom ; or not
to sacrifice and be
hesitation they gladly went to their death. For

8&06(1
1\
16
&
they knew what had been
1 &,
8)6
\1;1;
1)6 punished with death : without

1)66 prescribed for us by

'
:

)^ the
sacred Scriptures. For he says, He that sacrificeth
;

& §
unto other gods shall be 1)6 utterly destroyed ' ; and,

, ,, -
;

.'
'

' Thou shalt have none other gods but

*
) me.'

Such £6 6 1)1
are the words of the martyr, true lover both

6 ^^;, -
•,

of wisdom and of God, \1} 1)6;16

which he sent to the brethren
1)6
in his community before the final sentence, when he
\8
was still in a state of imprisonment, at one and the

&) , .
same time showing the conditions in which he was
1§,
living, and also stirring them up to hold fast to the

-
fear of God in Christ, even after his death who

,
just about to 1)6
31181

, 1§ }^
\1 was
be perfected. But why need one make
a long story and add fresh instance upon instance of
3,

-- §\ 1§1
&

^
16
the conflicts of the godly martyrs throughout the
world, especially of those who were assailed no
longer 1)by 16
enemies ??
the common 1&\,law, 1)
but as ^\
35 if they were

285
285
 ^
EUSEBIUS

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,
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15 77 0 I.LEIV ag ciy&va.
*
, ,
XII.
XII. Ti tie xpoi Vvv 17? OvOi..taTos Tan/ Aooretiv 1\

-
cipc0p,dv I)
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,,
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* "
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rijs. sbAcyottIvris ans. ciirom4yotilvcov, ota Tois

286
€.. , ,
. ,
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, VIII. 1— 11
VIII. xi. 1—xii. .
XI. For instance, at this time armed soldiers
XI.
)§, \1, "
81€8

^ ," \§
1)8
surrounded a little town in Phrygia, of which the
inhabitants were all }^ "
&11 Christians, every man of them,
1);them, along
and setting fire to it burnt \1
&1§with young

, &
children and women & 11§
as they were calling upon the

1)
God \1who is over&11. ,
all. The reason of this was, that all
the inhabitants of the town to a man, the curator
&11

-
himself and the duumvirs with all\1 &11 the officials and
&86)1,confessed themselves Christians
the whole assembly,

^.& &&, §6
and refused to give the least heed to those who

& &,- ^
them commit idolatry.
\1 bade
\}&

&
And there was a certain other person who \1 had

,
Adauctus ))^

^
\1
&
1§
attained to a high position under the Romans,

^& ^

^
by name, a man of illustrious Italian birth ;
who had advanced through every grade of honour

^ . 1)
under the emperors, so as

,^
& to pass blamelessly through
the general administration of what they call
3,§£
magistracy 3. and ministry of finance. And besides
\\ the
;

^). \^ , §§,
all

1 \ ^,
11 this, having distinguished himself by

,
\) his noble
deeds of godliness and his confessions of the Christ of
\& adorned with the crown of martyrdom,
God, he was

as finance minister.
&8
\1 &17
enduring the conflict for piety while actually engaged

XII.

\ & , &
\7
XII. Why need I now mention the rest by

-&
)^ name,
or number the multitude of the men, or picture the
varied tortures inflicted upon the wonderful martyrs ??
\1

^ ,&
&
Sometimes they were slain with the axe, as was the
\1 \)
-,
case with those in Arabia ; at other times they had

high by
was
^; }^
^ ^
^
;

1)1, as happened to those in Cappa-

1§ broken,
their legs
docia ; on some occasions they were suspended on

\ & ^\
;

}) the feet, head-downwards, while

\& kindled 1)£1;1,
&,-
\11 a slow fire
beneath, so that when the wood was
alight they were choked by \) the rising smoke—a —
^&

287
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*
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, , 88
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;)^
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KOpats. 7TapaKEAEUCTa/1411 3 CLAAa Kai TO 7rpo8olwa6

, ^ .
,

1
\
* We learn from St.8. Chrysostom that her name was \8
Domnina, and that her daughters were Bernice and Prosdoce.
288
288
,. ,
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY,VIII.

,^,&.8 &, &&

VIII. xi'. 1-3

treatment meted out to those

1-3 .
118in Mesopotamia ;
on others, the noses, ears and hands were mutilated,
;

,6
and the remaining 1)8 " 1)
, &&
limbs and parts of the body cut
up, as \8 done at Alexandria.
3.8 was

^^

8,
8
Why need one rekindle the memory of those at
Antioch, \1

&
and of others \1
§8,
^^
who were roasted on heated gridirons, not
•\1 a view to lengthy torture ;
unto death, but with
§} )^
;

who put their right hand into the very,

, , 1)& \
fire sooner than touch the accursed sacrifice ?? Some {
of them, to escape such trials, before they }?^were
:

^& , 1\
&§
, \
caught and fell into the hands of those that plotted
against them, threw themselves down from the tops
§&§ .&1)1 §1
of lofty houses, regarding death as a prize snatched

,^
from the wickedness of evil men.
11}person, 1 admirable for strength

\
And a certain holy
of 81 -,\1,
1>) a woman, and famed as
soul yet in body 8 well
\11 by
\)

^;,
, 1) \ (^ ^^
^,^.
1)1and sound
all that were at Antioch for wealth, birth
11
1)^1 up in the precepts of piety
judgement, had brought
her two unmarried daughters, distinguished for the

^
^ ^
1)1 of their youthful beauty. Much envy
full bloom
\8

,
was stirred up on their account, and busied itself

.
in tracing in every manner possible where they lay

'
, , \
; \1
concealed ; and when it discovered that they were

. \,^
staying in a foreign country, of set purpose it re-
called them to Antioch. Thus they fell into the
soldiers' toils. When, therefore, the woman saw
-
&\

, ^ &\ § .^
that herself and her daughters were in desperate
1)
straits, she placed before them in conversation the
terrible things that awaited them from human
hands, and the most intolerable thing of all 11 these
—
^
terrors—the threat of fornication. She exhorted
}^
1)1 herself and her girls that they ought not to
both
8)
submit to listen to even the least whisper of such a
^, &
thing, and said that to surrender their souls to the
..
VOL. II .
L 289
289
€
EUSEBIUS

,/-
,
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,
.
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY,VIII.
VIII. xi'. 3-7

was \86
3-7

worse than all "

3.11 kinds of death

& , ^
^
and every form of destruction. So she submitted

,
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from it 11. \16 they had both
all. And when
}^
that to flee to the Lord was the only way

^;,1
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\&of escape
1)1 agreed to her
opinion, and had arranged their garments suitably 8)1

^,
^,
.
around them, on coming to the middle of
they quietly

-
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&
&
&, \,
into the river that flowed by.

,
1).
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Thus were these their own executioners. But

,
^ ,
,
£
another pair of maidens, also

"
&1 at
"
distinguished for their manner of life, young
'11^^^1^)
0[11^ requested the guards to allow them

"
their journey

a little time for retirement, and threw themselves

^^
3.1 Antioch, godly in

every respect and true sisters, famous by birth, )

^^'^^ in ^^

,
1)33, grave of soul, pious
years, in the bloom of beauty,

.\
in their deportment, admirable in their zeal, the
worshippers of demons commanded to 1)
,
the sea, as
excellence.

^ ^. &
^ 1 §,
\1
)1
Thus it happened with these martyrs. And others
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reeds were driven through their fingers under the
03 into
be cast
& if£ the earth could not endure to bear 1>3such

\ 11), ^ 1>§
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;

melted down by 1)1^, burning stuff

\3 fire, and the boiling,

1 )^ 1)1, roasting the most essential

poured down their backs,

^,
, \
parts of their body ; others endured in their privy
8§8
)1,\1
parts and bowels
;

1)0\8 sufferings that were disgraceful,

pitiless, unmentionable, \11 1)1 and law-

8^. , ^
which the noble 1\-
)1^ ^^ ^-
, 1§ 1^ §
abiding judges devised with more than usual eager-
ness, displaying their cruelty
;
^ as if it were some great
stroke of wisdom ; striving to outdo one another by \)
ever inventing novel tortures, as if contending for
prizes in a contest.

291
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 ,^ , ,
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, VIII.

, \^
«
VIII. xis. 8-11
8-11

But the end of these calamities came when

& \1 \,&£
.
\16 they
were now worn out with their excessive wickedness,
and were utterly weary of killing &
1^^11^§ and surfeited and

^\ ^,\-,^,
sated with shedding blood, and so turned to what
they considered merciful and humane
\1
13,6 conduct ; so ;

^1)6 ,&&^& &86&

&; 1§6
that they no longer thought that they were doing

- .
any harm to us. For it was not fitting, they said,
\;
to pollute the cities with the blood
or to involve in a charge "
well-disposed and mild towards&11all ;1);
6
should 1)
1^6
, &
be extended to all,
;
11
1)1 of their own people,
1&§6 of cruelty the supreme
government of the rulers, a government that was

;. .[ &]
but rather that
the beneficence of the humane and imperial authority
&11, and the death penalty

no longer inflicted. For [they declared] that this

1)
their punishment of us had been stopped, thanks to

§ &. §§ \6
&^,,^^) ^&-
the humanity of the rulers. Then orders were
given that their eyes should be
of their legs
1) gouged out and one
1§8 maimed. For this was in their opinion
humanity and the lightest of punishments inflicted
.
upon us. Hence, because of this humanity on the
part of godless men, it ; is now no longer possible to

^ , &11)1
tell the incalculable number of those who had their
&-
right eye first cut out with a sword and then cauter-
ized with fire, and the left foot rendered useless by )^

\ 38,
, , 1)&{§ irons to the joints,
the further application of branding

&
\1 after this were condemned to the provincial
and who
11-§
copper mines, not so much for service as for ill-usage

,3 §
^^;
and hardship, and withal fell in with various other

their brave and good deeds surpass all ^.

trials, which it is not possible even to recount ; for
;

11 reckoning.
In these conflicts verily the magnificent martyrs
of Christ were conspicuous throughout all \,
11 the world,
•-
298
293
 .

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294
294.
3,
and, as 8 was &,
,
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, VIII.

^^ 11—
VIII. XII. 11 .
5
-XIII. 5

\1
\&8 natural, everywhere filled with amaze-
.
&-
^ ^ "-
&\ 1)&6 ; while
\11 in

,
676-\68868 of their bravery
ment the eye-witnesses ;

,
\6 "
the power of our Saviour is
63)6.
86(1
their own persons they fuinished a clear proof that

pressible. To mention, indeed, each by

.
be
1)6 a ^ )1;.
1§ &,
&:
18 truly divine and inex-

))^name would
3, long task, not to say an impossibility.

, ; ,&
&}^
^
. &^\ ^^ &,
"
, "
XIII. Of those rulers of the churches who \1 were
\61-1\ cities, the first name that
martyred in well-known
we must record on the monuments to holy men, as a3.
;,
,-
martyr of the kingdom of Christ, is 8 that of Anthimus,
1)8
bishop of the city of the Nicomedians, who \1 was\8

^
beheaded. Of the martyrs at Antioch the best in
.£,
-& Lucian, a, presbyter of that com-
his entire life was

&
munity ; the same who in Nicomedia, where the

;,
,
;

&
\,
Christ, first }) ^,
emperor was, proclaimed the heavenly kingdom of

.
\6
by word of mouth in an Apology, and
afterwards also\) by deeds. Of the martyrs3,)8 in

,
'&
Phoenicia the most famous would 1)

, ,1 &,
^&,
,)1 1)1
,^,
Tyrannion, bishop of the church 8.1

. &-^ )
Zenobius,8)1;6
be the pastors of the
spiritual flocks of Christ, beloved of God in all

,
11 things,
at Tyre, and
presbyter of the church at Sidon, and,
1)8
moreover, Silvanus, bishop of the churches about
Emesa. The last-named became food for wild
&,
1)&8,
\1<1 beasts,

^
&1§ \1
along with others, at Emesa itself, and so was

& \), , ,
ceived up into the choirs of martyrs ; the other two
glorified the word of God at Antioch by
;
-
\8 re-
-
\) their en-
durance unto death ; one of them, the bishop, being
, 1)§

& -, . ^
;

,
committed to the depths of the sea, while
^&, ^&^
of physicians, Zenobius, died bravely under the tor-

,
tures that were applied to his sides. Of the martyrs

,
Gaza, \&8was 1)6&6
1)1
in Palestine, Silvanus, bishop of the churches about
beheaded at the copper mines at Phaeno,
1)
\11 that best
-
&1)

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,^ ^
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, VIII.

, ^ &,
^
with 168,
VIII. xIII. 5-9

,
,.^&&§ \-
)6
5 9 .
,
-

others, in number forty save one ; and Egyptians

^,£
;

there, Peleus and Nilus, bishops, together with others,

endured death \3 by fire. And among these we must

&£
§&1glory of the community of Caesarea,
mention the great

§
Pamphilus, a presbyter, the most marvellous man of

,
^
our day ; the merit of whose
;

6(1
^;
\)\and good deeds
\108brave
we shall record at the proper time. Of those at

^ ,^, \",\8
Alexandria and throughout all
\6
11 Egypt and the Thebais

,^78,, ,
who were perfected gloriously, the first that must
be recorded is Peter, bishop of Alexandria itself, a
\}
£ "
divine example of the teachers of godliness in Christ ;;

and of the presbyters with him Faustus, Dius and

"
Ammonius, perfect martyrs of Christ ; and Phileas,

^ }^. -
persons as well,
;

\11, who are commemorated by

;

Hesychius, Pachymius and Theodore, bishops of the

churches in Egypt ; and countless other famous
\) the com-

^.^,
munities in their own district and locality. It is not

^;•1\ \1§
our part to commit to writing the conflicts of those
1)1
who fought throughout the world on behalf of piety

\^; .
toward the Deity, and to record in detail each of their
1) that would be
happenings ; but 1) the especial task of

^,
;

,
those who witnessed the events. Yet I shall make
1<\
\
^ ^
\1
known to posterity in another works^ those with whom

)
I was personally conversant. In this present book,

^ )^ ; \ - \1
however, I shall subjoin to what has been said the
recantation' of the things that were wrought con-
1)1,

. ,
)1 ^ ^
the persecution, most profitable 8

;\1) 3)1
readers.

^ ,^
^-
1)§§
1)11since the beginning of
cerning us, and all that befell
as they are to my

^» .; /
Now as concerns the state of the Roman govern-
\&against us, during all
ment before the war 11 the periods
^ The
1

'»
.Pamphilus \8,
2
« . 17.
See c.
/
.
16reference is probably to the account of£Pamphilus
86)8'
given in the Martyrs of Palestine. Eusebius's Life of
was, 3,3,€7.
apparently, already written.
17. 3-10.
3-10.
297
297
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at the beginning of the tenth and of the

&.
1

1* A.D.

* i.e.

I*

298
^
&.
. . 305.
305.
.. Maximinian.
6§.
twentieth year of a reign.

£
3'
i.e.
... Diocletian.

The meaning of this sentence is that the \5

11€ Empire was
&
€0.80.80,
&
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, VIII.

&
VIII. xm. 9-12
9-12 .
that the rulers were friendly and peaceably disposed

' § \8 6)6

,
toward us,
118, no words could sufficiently describe how

1)"1
bountiful and plenteous\&8 8 "
was its harvest of good
§8 \6
&,
things; when also those who
\(1- \1 held the chiefest places
&^^& ^,^,-
;

&&^1.&- &
in a3, world-empire completed the decennalia and
£
vicennalia 1 of their principate, and used to pass
& ^,
their days in festivals and public games, in the most
^^8
joyous feasts and gaieties, possessing complete, well-
established peace.
But as \1
&3 their authority thus increased without let

&
& ;
towards 118

\
&,
or hindrance and day by \)day waxed §&6,all
\&(1greater,
at once they departed from their peaceful attitude

^ . ^- , us and stirred up a3. relentless \&.

"
war. And
the second year *a of this kind of movement on their
part had not fully
11)?^expired, when a sort of revolution
affecting the entire principate took place and threw
\1
the whole of public life into confusion. For a fateful
£11

(&
disease fell upon him who stood first among those
1)
(&^ ,'
,
of whom we spoke,8 which caused his mind to become

&,^ & .& ;

deranged ; and, along
; &1§ with him who had been
1,*1
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1)
he resumed
the ordinary life of a private citizen. And this had not

,
^ ^ ^§
yet taken place, when the whole principate was

7
&
^,
as having happened at any time in days gone by.
But after no very great interval of time the

)1- ( •
Emperor Constantius, who

,^^
\\ all
\(1
1§
\&8 rent
in twain, a thing that had never even been recorded

8;
6
\).^

11 his life long was most

8)]8,
mildly and favourably disposed toward his subjects,

(§ \,
and most friendly towards the divine word, died 6

&».
according to the common law 1&\ of nature, leaving his
\1
(
lawful son Constantine Emperor and Augustus in his
/
continued in the East, while
6
* .. 306.
A.D. 306.
II:
/
divided in respect of its treatment of Christians: persecution
&, \11it ceased in the
1€West.
:

299
299
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Not, of course, the first emperor to receive divine honours,
.
" the four rulers who at that time divided the
1) the first of
but
Empire between
1}€\6© them.
300
 ,
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, VIII.

^ /
VIII.

8^[ - &^]
.
XIII. 12-15
12-15

& ^\
&1>1
;

1
that he was.

&-§
,& ;
stead ; and was the first [of the new tetrarchy] to be

7 &^
proclaimed among the gods ))^
£
"&. He indeed was
contemporaries \1

^,
by them,' being
1)6§ deemed
worthy of every honour after death that might be

-^^
"
due to an emperor, kindest and mildest of emperors
\&8 the only one of our

-
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\1
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in other respects displayed himself in a most favour-
\
able and beneficent light toward all ; and he took
^& ;
1)

1)

;
11

-
1)even preserved

-^
no part in the war against us, but

& &; &§

the God-fearing persons among his subjects 8)^^8 from
\^
^^ ^\
injury and harsh treatment ; neither did he pull
;

I
down the church-buildings nor employ any other new
,
^•, \
device against us. So he has

alone enjoyed a favourable and

&8 had as
§18
& his reward a
happy and thrice-blessed issue of his life ; for he
\1
;

&(1 glorious end while he

1\1
^. & -
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was 811 8, in all
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&,
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most prudent and godly, to succeed him.
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^ ' )^,
^,
&
& ^
\ & >.
claimed \)
,, 1§
by the armies most perfect Emperor and
Augustus, and, long before them, by )^ God Himself,
the King Supreme ; and he set himself to be an
\& .
;

emulator of his father's piety toward our doctrine.

-
,
^,& ^^
Such was he. And afterwards Licinius was

,.^^
clared Emperor and Augustus by a common vote of
the rulers.' These things caused great vexation to

§
^, &
Maximin, since up to that time he was
\& de-

•& still entitled

^
only Caesar \)

,
16
2
by &11.

The reference seems to be

&, §
*

Nov. 307,
307, when Licinius, who appears to have been
£ Augustus.
Caesar, was given the title of
,
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a tyrant, he fraudulently seized the honour for him-
self, 3.

. , ^.^
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-
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301
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302
202
 ^. . . ,
ECCLES. HISTORY, VIII.

^
15—
VIII. xiii. 15—xiv. 33

^
self.1 \1
86£. At this time he who had resumed office again
^
.8\,&8
" 81,
&1)(3.,as
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8
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^ &16\ down, as
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&, 1)§§
^"
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^ ^,. 1)6customary to set

3.11 such things as it has been

1)6§§ to an
&8 belonging

,
infamous and utterly godless person.

& ^ \^
)^
XIV. His son Maxentius, who secured for himself

& £ -
.
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)]8
&
^ ^^ & ^&
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;

to give over the persecution against Christians ; for

,
;

he was
&
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favourable and very mild above his predecessors.

^ ^,
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\
&^ \1£
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, 5)1
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) \,
^
8§1 abominable and dissolute act that he
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, . 1£ undone, committing adulteries and all

has left
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^
11 kinds

husbands lawfully married women, insult them with

"\&§8
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1)8
their husbands ; and he made it his business thus to

.
;

)80, 1)
assail persons neither undistinguished nor obscure, but

^^ ,
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£
,
rank in the assembly of the Roman Senate were the
)]8 £
very and especial objects of his offensive behaviour.
£8
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, ^
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11 cowered 1)6£
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' .,
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£
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§
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£
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for example, on a small pretence he gave the people

808
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,. ,
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ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, VIII.
VIII.xiv. 3-8
3-8 .
&
over to his 1)0(7§&

-.
^ &
, &,
£
-,£
^
bodyguard to be

midst of the city, by

1)slaughtered, and immense
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\) the spears and arms, not of
"
Scythians nor even of barbarians, 1)

^ &-,
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"
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0£Of a truth it would not even
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)68
^^ "
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\6
£
\&
&11 the tyrant's evil deeds was

^ & 1) &^,
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&&^, 1 \1
:

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at

,
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&1)&1)1 &81)&1),

^ &
slaughter lions, and invent certain abominable actions

,,
to invoke demons, and as -&.
£18 a sacrifice to avert war.

For all
11 his hope lay ).
\.in these means of securing victory.

\ &, 8)
Indeed, one cannot even mention the kind of things
^& &&%
&& .
that this tyrant at Rome did to enslave his subjects ;

, &,
so that they were actually reduced to such extreme
;

,, ,
scarcity and lack of even necessary food, as &has never
1)1\,3.§
^
&

^
&

&
&
&&
^ ,
been known, according to our contemporaries, either
at Rome or elsewhere.

^ \
But the tyrant in the East, Maximin, secretly

&^
^ ,
7&1§
forming a friendly alliance with the tyrant at Rome,
1)1
as with a brother in wickedness, for a very long time

&\ ^. \ 1\.
thought that it was

,
\3, unknown. As a matter of fact,
&
afterwards he was detected 1 and paid the just penalty.

, -
\&marvellous how
It was

&& &^& \
&
&(:[
1\he acquired a family likeness
and kinship with the villainy of the tyrant at Rome,

& . \18
nay rather, carried off the first prize for wickedness
and the reward of victory over him. For it was
principal charlatans and magicians who
\3.the
\1were deemed
\^
Milvian Bridge (.
(ix. 9.
9. 2-7).
2 - 7).
£
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305
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,.
^ ^^ 80,
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, VIII.

-
VIII. my. 8-11
8-11 .
,
^ . 6, -
worthy \)

(&
^ 3,1;
;

exceedingly frightened at every noise and super-

&
1)60
by him of the highest honour ; he became

stitious, and attached great importance to error with

regard to idols and demons. For instance, without

^'
divinations and oracles 16
1>&,
^
^^,
he could not dare to move even
^.
" I may say so. Accordingly, he
a nail's breadth, if

&^ , 8
&16(1 himself to the persecution against us with
applied
1
\;1

-^ ^
\){
more energy

^
ordering temples to 1>6

^
66§7 and persistence than those before him,
be erected in every city}^ and

^
1)6destroyed through
the sacred groves that had been
1§ " \1
,
long lapse of time to be

,
and he
^
1) restored with all diligence ;
16 appointed idol priests in every locality and
;

^^ §
^^ &, "
city, and over them as

&^
& high priest of each province

, - 1)\&&,^^^&^)1" \£ the most

one of those engaged in statecraft, who was
1)&1of the public
manifestly distinguished in every branch
service, with an escort and bodyguard soldiers ;

, §. \&
;

and he recklessly bestowed governments and the

& ^ ,
greatest privileges on all charlatans, as if they were
pious and dear to the gods. Henceforward he vexed

)^
and oppressed, not a single city nor even district, 1)
but

,^ -
^ "" §1
by )!^
)^ exactions of gold and silver and unspeakably
§,
\11,
the provinces under him completely and as a whole,

, §^^ ^^,
large amounts of goods, and by \> the heaviest assess-
ments and varied fines. Taking away from the
\11
wealthy the possessions they had gotten from their
£
ancestors, he bestowed upon his train of flatterers
§.
riches and heaps of goods in a single gift. In truth

1)
he carried his drunken excesses to such a point that

§ .
he became mad and deranged in his cups, and when
\1 1 \1
)17
drunk would give such orders as he would repent of
1\
"
^ ,
next day when he was sober. In debauchery and
riotous living 16
he suffered none to surpass him, but

.
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appointed himself instructor in villainy to those
around him, rulers and ruled alike. He induced the
307
307
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88
80,
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, VIII. xiv. 11-15

, ^^ ^-
^ ^ -'\
11-15

£
.
&8 a result of every kind
of wanton excess ; encouraging governors and com-
;
:

^
manders to proceed against their subjects )^6^8 with
61\-7£. \}
&\ ^ ,-
rapacity and extortion, almost as if £ they
1;17 were his
fellow-tyrants. Why need one recall the man's
13

^ ^
& ^ ^.
£
£
disgraceful deeds of passion or reckon up the multi-
tude of those whom he debauched? ? In fact, he
could not pass by
1> a city without continually ravishing
^.\1
women and abducting virgins. And in this he was
\1
successful with 11,
all, save only with Christians. De- -
^
spising death they set at naught this his fierce
^&.
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^^
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;

3•§ £1),
8\(1 and
nailings ; wild beasts and engulfing in the sea
^^
cutting off and burning of limbs, stabbing and digging
^, £
out of eyes, and mutilation of the whole body ; and, ;,
in addition to these, hunger and mines and bonds :
1\§
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:

1< "
.
, §§ ^
8\ \,^
endure for the sake of piety rather than transfer to

,
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the other hand, showed themselves no less manly

\ ,
. ^ ,
\ \^[1 - ^^ ^ ,
than the men, inspired by the teaching of the divine

,
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:

men, won equal rewards for their valour ; and others,

,
;

,
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1)§ dragged away to dishonour,
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1)
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&§
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, & ,.^^
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;.
\1
at Alexandria, alone of those whom the tyrant ravished

1§1
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\)
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birth and education, she had put everything

1)6.
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^ & \
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Rufinus informs us that her name was Dorothea,.
-
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ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY,VIII.

&
VIII. xiv. 15 18
15-18 -

,
portuned }6,
-^ , 8
\ §6 30 £
,
her, yet was
\&8 unable to put her to death
though willing to die, for his lust overmastered his
&§ 1)
anger ; but punishing her with exile he possessed
£
;

himself of &11all her property. A great number of

others, unable even to listen to a& threat of fornication,
underwent every form of torture and racking and
mortal punishment at the hands of the provincial
§•8.
&1§
governors.

&\ ,^&-
\6 \1,

,&), &. \ )6 & &

These indeed were wonderful, yet most surpass-
^§1^ wonderful was that woman &
ingly at Rome,' truly

\1
whom 16 ^& , &,
the most noble and chaste of all &11 those towards
the tyrant there, Maxentius, in conduct like
&
Maximin, attempted to act offensively. For when

,, ^ -
she learnt that at her house were those who
ministered to16
also \&
^& (&
the tyrant in such deeds (and she
1)&,
was &a Christian), and that her husband, and he
too a prefect of the16 Romans, through fear had per-
^^
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1)6
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1)6 space, as if forsooth to adorn
be excused for a brief
her person, entered her chamber, and when alone
6\•. And straightway
transfixed herself with a sword.
\1

, &
dying she left her corpse to her procurers ; but

,& -
1€[1)
deeds that themselves were more eloquent than any

. ,
1\
words she made it known to all
;1) by
&11 men, both those
\)

-
present and those to come hereafter, that a Chris-

[6
tian's

, , ^, ^
' virtue is18 the only possession that cannot be

-
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1)

•^ &
truth, did the two tyrants, who had divided among

. ,\\
,
them East and West, carry the wickedness that they

§
wrought at one and the same time. But who is

,^ .
there, in search for the reason of such evils, who
\1
would be at a loss to find it in the persecution against
\
us ?? Especially as there was no cessation of this
118

^ Sophronia, according to Rufinus.

811
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ECCLES.

£
18—
VIII. xiv. 18—xvi. 22. .
16
^
great state of confusion until Christians recovered

,
^ .
686
"
their rights of freedom.
XV. In fact, during the whole £
\11 period of ten years
& 1§
£
&& ,
6 6^-
and warfare against each other. The seas were
^&,
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,,-
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\6€ un-
11167 sailed,
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& ,^. ^,
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^
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no one expected anything but an enemy attack all

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&11

^
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XVI. Such was the state of affairs that continued

§ 1\.^
§11
^ )^
throughout the whole persecution ; which
completely to an end, \)
; \11 came
by the grace of God, in the
^,^ though indeed it began to abate after
tenth year,'
the eighth year. For when the divine and heavenly
\1
,
^
grace showed that it watched over us with kindly

, ^\ ^ ,
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those very persons who

^, . ;
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,
1§
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(^^ 6
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^
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^
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^1 A.D. 313.

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ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, VIII. xvs. 2-5
2 5

say, or humanity of the rulers. Far from it.

1)6§§up to that time they were
For from the beginning

.
- 6&868against
daily plotting further and severer measures

6 \6
-

\6
;.

&
us ; from time to time they were inventing fresh
;

assaults upon us by means of still more varied devices.

, &"6&£
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/
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\
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, ^& ^^^, £

-
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"
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.^ , ;,
. 1)§^
^ ,
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&), ""Woe,
Scripture says,

&
^V,through whomsoever the
offence cometh."" *2 A divinely-sent punishment, I say,
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flesh and proceeding to the soul. For all
)8
^-&
8&,

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^ -
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; 1)

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§,
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(^ ,
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& ^^
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&,
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1)6 \11then became
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,
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, &
&
,&
putrid and presented an intolerable and most fearful

\
7-
sight to those that came near .

(^
it. As for the phys-
icians, some of them were wholly unable to endure
the exceeding and unearthly stench, and were
1)1 \1could not be1)of any assistance
butchered ; others, who

\
;

\1.
\11 mass had swollen
since the whole 8\11and reached a
\1
point where there was\&8no hope of recovery, ^^, were put

\^. (). ;,
to death without mercy.
* Luke xvii. 1
2 " &8
1 (inexact quotation). The words, " and was
wroth . . . cometh " "are omitted in several important mss.
. . . 88.
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316
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. 16. 1),
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&8 issued in the name
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 .
-
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he was

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XVII.
80, .
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, VIII.
VIII. xvm 1-5
1-5

\&8conscience-stricken for the cruel deeds he had

^, ^.
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,
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;

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-&
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&1 ^&
^
£

& '
an imperial 1&\ ^ &, ,
the persecution against Christians to cease, and by

^ law and decree to urge them to build

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)^
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their churches and to perform their accustomed rites,
1)&1£.Action

3.
&
&
,, & & , &^
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immediately followed his word, and imperial ordin-
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,
recantation of the [persecution edicts] of our time,

^,
after this manner : ""The Emperor Caesar Galerius

,
, &&, ^&
& - :

Valerius Maximianus Invictus Augustus, Pontifex

,
Maximus, Germanicus Maximus, Aegyptiacus Maxi-

,
\,
() , 1)&8
mus, Thebaicus Maximus, Sarmaticus Maximus five

^
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)£
six times, Armeniacus Maximus, Medicus Maximus,

, -
Adiabenicus Maximus, holding the Tribunician

,
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^,
& ,^
),
teenth time, 1^ Consul for the eighth, Father of his
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^, )&
,
. .

Flavius Valerius Constantinus Pius Felix Invictus

,
"

&& £
Augustus, Pontifex Maximus, holding the Tribunician

&
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§ ,, ,
,
[
Power, Emperor for the fifth time, Consul, Father

^
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:

Valerius Licinianus Licinius Pius Felix Invictus

&
^ .
Augustus, Pontifex Maximus, holding the Tribunician

^
names and titles, here omitted, must have appeared in the

,,\181,
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omit the reference to Licinius, which is here placed in
33.

brackets.
1)&16:.
1[)(1,
. &
Both Maximin and Licinius persecuted the
Christians subsequently, and this fact may have led to the
£
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317
317
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ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, VIII.
VIII. xvii. 5-9
5-9

,
Power for the fourth time, Emperor for the third £
^
time, Consul, Father of his country, Proconsul : to

}^ ^
•(£
"
, &
the people of their provinces, greeting.]
" Among the other measures that we frame for

^ "
^^.]
16 use and profit of the state, it had been our own
the
&;
1)
:

.& ^ ,^
wish formerly that all
\\ things should be set to rights

, , 1&\and public order 1^

in accordance with the ancient laws

,
of the Romans ; and to make provision for this,

^\ ,, &,
;

namely, that the Christians also, such as , had aban-

&1)&-
doned.the persuasion of their own ancestors, should
return to a3. sound mind ; seeing that through some
; &;

, \\- && 1)
reasoning 167
they had 1-\11
&(1been possessed of such self-will
£ \1 )^
and seized with such folly 2* that, instead of following
16 institutions of the ancients, which
the \11perchance
11\^
their own forefathers had formerly established, they
, )§,
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in accordance with their own disposition and as & each
\}, &)1§

^
& \
11\
)] ,,
one wished, and

-&
3. were assembling various multitudes
in divers places : Therefore when a command of ours
:

soon followed to the intent that they should betake1)&1

themselves to the institutions of the ancients, very
many indeed were subjected to peril, while very

&§ \ ^ ,
^
many were harassed and endured all 11kinds of death ;
&^^
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;

\
§
^
&
& ^
we perceived that they were neither paying the
worship due to the gods of heaven nor honouring the

,&^ -
.
11 h-lo-r4gn 8
) ^
1&§
god of the Christians ; having regard to our clemency
;

\
\11we are wont to
and the invariable custom by which
\
\
accord pardon to all men, we thought it right in this §1
(
is the usual translation of disciplina (the word
^^(^

«\2

portant hiss.
given 137
,
in the original in 13
same word and translation occur again in §§ 9.

^
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2 The

by Lactantius.
.

53, of Eusebius, 1)
^&.
. .
9.

^
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8 19
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ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, VIII.

case

\1
VIII. xvix. 9-11

; ^&
0&86 also to extend most willingly

^^, .
^^
9-11 .
\11§1);^ our indulgence :
868
1)1 the houses
That Christians may exist again and build
;
&&78 provided that
in which they used to assemble, always
they do nothing contrary to order. In another letter
1\
we shall indicate to the judges how they should
:

^^,
\ ,
6(3. \1
7
proceed. Wherefore, in accordance with this our
indulgence, they will
\11 be 1)
, \
1)6 bound to beseech
1)6661 their own
,
, £
- 3§ &
god for our welfare, and that of the state, and their
"
\& both the well being of the
1 \^ ."
&&
own ; that in every way
;

&^
3. they may be
-
state may be \) secured, and 1) enabled to

&
live free from care in their own homes."
"
Such 18is the character of this edict in the Latin
1<£1
^,
\
tongue, translated into Greek as well 8 may 1)6.
\11 as
0•611) what
Now it is time to consider carefully
be.
\11; happened
8)€[67.
subsequently.

..
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THE APPENDIX TO BOOK VIII

6(&67,
(/
VIII
.).^
(found in codd. AER). 1
the author of the edict, after
3,";6
^,
\£8 immediately, though not for long, released from
.
his pains, and 80
,
such a confession,

so departed this life. It is recorded

,
^^ ^
—
&
that this same person was the prime author of the

,\ &^
1§
calamity of the persecution ; since long before the

[ ,]
;

movement of the other emperors he had used force

to turn aside [from the faith] the Christians in the
"
army—and, first of all, those in his own house—
"

,,
.
. &
§&1 "
&
& \
,
degrading some from their military rank, and heaping

, &^
the most shameful insults on others ; and since he
\ &
.&
;

was already threatening others even with death, and,

&
finally, had stirred up his partners in the principate
to the general persecution. It is not possible to pass
over the ends of these same emperors in silence.
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&,

1)\
1

,&.& . ^
\1were the more advanced in age &§
^, \ \
them. Those who

^ \11
3,honour 2" retired from the principate not two whole
and
years after the persecution began, as we have already

;^ * ^
stated, and passed the remainder of their existence
, private citizens. The end of their lives
like ordinary,
&
fell out thus. The one who had attained the chief
^
\
place in honour and age 3' fell a victim to a prolonged
\>
. &.
and most painful infirmity of the body ; while he who
;

held the second place to him* ended his life by }

*
2

4*
(.
Diocletian and Maximinian (viii. 13.
13. 10, ).
10, 11).
^ Diocletian.
3 Maximinian.
323
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1
 .&^,,
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, VIII.

8^1§
&.
VIII. APP. 3-6

,
3-6 .
strangling : suffering this fate, in accordance with a
06
& "
& \,
:

certain demoniacal prediction, for the numerous

crimes he had perpetrated. Of those after them, he 1^
&
—;

^, ,^
\1 held the
who

1)
,
& -^
1»
but he who ,
&&; , —
16 last place—the same who was the
) "
\
\11persecution—
originator, as we stated,' of the whole
suffered the fate which we have mentioned aboire' ;

^
\1 ranked next before him, that kindest and
mildest of emperors, Constantius, passed the whole

^, & " \1
period of his principate in a manner worthy of his

1) )1^& ^,
high office, and in other respects displayed himself in

3 )^ &;-^(
a
& most beneficent and favourable light to all &11 ; yea,
1
and he held himself aloof from the war against us,
;

,
and carefully preserved his God-fearing subjects)31:

\ ^
from injury &(1
and harsh treatment ; neither did he pull
, &
down the church -- 1)\1(§
£&1
;

buildings nor employ any other

& \&
^
had as

& ,
additional new device against us at&11.

issue of 18

,
&
and glorious end while

.
1
all. So he has
1-1)1(1
& his reward a3. truly happy and thrice-blessed
\1 &1)1
his life ; for he alone met with a favourable
;

\& still emperor, with a

\11 he was \'

&^' &(.,.&&
1&\1
' ^;
lawful son, in &11
all respects most prudent and godly,

was proclaimed )}^

§1)^,to
succeed him in the office. He from the very first
by the armies most perfect Emperor
and Augustus ; and he set himself to be
; 1)an emulator
)^
of his father's piety towards our doctrine. Such was

& ,,' ]1
the \11 befell,
16 issue which 1)11, at different times, the lives
\
of the four men of whom we have written above. Of
\
\11
)€[1\
while &§

,* &
these same persons, he of whom we spoke a little

; &,
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.
with those who\1 subsequently were admitted to the

,
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3
:
.
(
./^
17- 1 Xtruiv : but
above sense.
1)1;we
\11was
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^
\6should require Xeurk.Levos to give the
^,&
* Constantine, Licinius, and Maximin.
4

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526
326
 CONTENTS OF' BOOK IX
]{ /
IX
^
L ^ .
The Ninth Book of the Ecclesiastical History
€$
^ ..
/
contains the ^'^^§
. On the feigned relaxation.
following :

{" the worse that ensued.

II. On the change for
II.

III.
IV.
IV.

^.^
\-&(1
III. On the new-made idol at Antioch.

On the petitions against us.

8.

VI.
VI. \1 \
V. On the forged memoirs.
V.
On those who were martyred 3,1
at this time..
VII.
VII.

VIII.
VIII. On the subsequent
& &.
,
&§&8 us set
On the document against 8€ up on tablets.
&1)1*8.
8)860[61; events, the famine and

^' , & \1;

pestilence and wars.

.
X.
£
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IX. On the close of the tyrants' lives,
IX.

\> ..
and what
expressions they made use of before the end.
"
On the victory of the God-beloved Emperors.

^.6& £
XI. On the final destruction of the enemies of
XI.

godliness.

327
327
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BOOK IX
IX

8
. THE recantation of the imperial will set forth
I.
&1)6 ^I was
above
§1)§ 1)£&8 throughout Asia
\8 promulgated broadcast
^& £, 8
and in the neighbouring provinces. After this had

,) ^&&&&^^&
thus been
1)66 done, Maximin, the tyrant of the East,

1)8^
monster of impiety if ever there was one, who had
" \(1
been the bitterest enemy of piety toward the God
"
\,
of the universe, was by
&8 & \1 \&
1) no means pleased with what
"
was written, and instead of making known the letter
&8, a

,
86
set forth above gave verbal commands to the rulers

^
, & ^, &
superiors, he put in a corner the law
&^
.
under him to relax the war against us. For since he
1\1 §&& 3{1§1; of his
might not otherwise gainsay the judgement
3,\ set forth above
and, taking measures how it might never see the
^; "
light of day in the districts under him, by 1) an oral
18
&1) ;
;

-
& ,
direction he commanded the rulers under him to

&1)8,
. \1
&§& ,
relax the persecution against us. And they inti-

'. &, ^& \1;§ the terms of the order.

mated to each other in writing

1\\1
Sabinus, for instance, whom they had honoured with
" &(1 known the
the rank of most excellent prefect, made
Emperor's decision to the provincial governors in a
,&
\1
:

&,
&
" With a most earnest and devoted zeal the
"
,'
Latin epistle. The translation of the same runs as
follows :

Divinity of our most divine masters, the Emperors,

& 1§
has for a long time determined to lead all
1
1 .
viii. 17.
17.
3.11 men's

3 29
329
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330
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,
^
&& &
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, IX.80,
IX. 1.
. 3-7

^,
\^
thoughts into the holy and right path of life, so
those also who seemed to follow

^\ £
the Romans should perform the acts of worship due
^. )&7
16 immortal gods. But the obstinacy and most
to the
unyielding determination of some was
,
8 that
11\ customs foreign to

\£8 carried to such

^, ^ 6£8^ &
,,
a length, that neither could they be 1)6 turned back
1)&1
from their own purpose by \) just reasoning embodied

&. 86 &^(6, nor did they fear the punishment that

in the order,
& &
&)^^ by
many

^ ^ ,
threatened. Since therefore it has come about that
)^^ such conduct endanger themselves, in
}^
;)^
^&,
accordance with the noble piety that is theirs, the

^
Divinity of our masters, the most mighty Emperors,

^,^
£
, § &; &^
deeming it foreign to their divine purpose that for
such 3, 6&8
a reason they should so greatly endanger these

&^ , -
^;
men, gave commandment through my Devotedness
to write to thy Intelligence, that if"any of the Chris-

^ &^,
tians be 11\§
1)6 found following the religion of his nation,

thou shouldest set him free from molestation directed

^ ^
&' , ,
against him and from danger, nor shouldest thou
&^,
deem anyone punishable on this charge, since so 8 long
&
a passage of time has proved that they can in no
3.

-
.
\8
wise 1) 68£(1 &1)(1 such obstinate con-
be persuaded to abandon
duct. Let
1«6it be thy Solicitude's duty, therefore, to
1)6

\
&^& ,& &
write to the curators and the duumvirs and the

1\ & 1)§
any further notice of that letter." 1

; &§ ,^
magistrates of the district of every city, that they
may know that it is not beseeming for them to take
."^
Whereupon the rulers of the provinces, having
\1 & 1)6 written

.
concluded that the purport of what had been

^,1 "
^

^
If the Greek 66 £
061here is a&correct translation of the Latin
original, the words "" that letter "" must refer to some previous
document ordering the persecution of Christians.
331
331
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^&, &
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, IX. . 7-11
IX. I. 7-11

to them was

167 & &,

\&8 a genuine expression, made known by
means of letters the imperial resolve to curators,
duumvirs and rural §•&18.

^
magistrates. And not only did
they further these measures by
&1. -^ \1§, but
1) writing,
\}

1)1; also

^
much more so )^

. 6&1
out the imperial will,

&^
& many as
\11, as

^^
by action. With a view to carrying
&8 they kept shut up

,
in prisons for their confession of the Deity they
1)§1;
,'
brought into the light of day and set free, releasing
16
such of these same persons as \6
,
3. were consigned to

^ -
the mines for punishment. For this, in truth, they

^
^^ ^^^^ &\^&,
\1.
,mistakenly conceived to be 1)6 the Emperor's wish.
And when these things had thus been carried into

^,^;
effect, as though some light shined forth all&11 at once
"
. ,
out of a gloomy night, one might see churches
,
thronged in every city, and crowded assemblies, and

)6^
^'
the rites performed thereat in the customary manner.

^,
And every single one of the unbelieving heathen was
in no small degree amazed at these happenings,
&
&11§ §6 ^,
, \ .
marvelling at the miracle of so

6 ^; ; -
&^
extolling the Christians' God as
8 great a change, and
& alone great
§&1 and true.
Of our own people, those who had faithfully and
1)6)^

&
bravely contended throughout the conflict of perse-

.
^,
^
^&
cutions once more resumed their confident bearing

§1
^
in the sight of all

\ ^, -; &^
&11 ; but
;

&,
merciful to them. And then also

1\ ,
1)&§
1)those whose faith bad been1)6
diseased and souls storm-tost eagerly strove for their

- 1)1§
own healing, beseeching and 1)§§^begging the strong for
the right hand of safety, and supplicating God to be

^
, \^ . ^ &1 the noble cham-
pions of godliness, freed from their evil plight in the
mines, returned to their own homes. Proudly and
joyously they went through every city, full of un-
^^1817 -
1)

8&&)1
\. , 1§§
speakable mirth and a& boldness that cannot even be 1)
expressed in words. Yea, thronging crowds of men

388
333
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ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, IX.

^& 8§
^\-
IX. I. 11— 11
. 11—m.

went on their journey, praising God in the midst of

&18^(6§§ &,
thoroughfares and market-places \1:1 8^8 and
with songs
psalms ; and you might see those who shortly before
868 ;

1£168
.
£
1)€
:

,^ ^^
had been
1)6611prisoners undergoing the harshest punish-

^.&, \
ment and driven from their 116native lands, now re- 6-
^
^&^\1
gaining with gay and joyful
hearths so
]'1countenances their own
8 that even those who \1formerly were
thirsting for our blood, seeing the wondrous thing

^ , -«
contrary to all expectation, rejoiced with us at what
had happened.
.
&^&;
\1

,
II. This the tyrant could no longer endure, hater

&( & ,
.&
&
as he was £ ^,
\&of that which • is good, and plotter against
&§8;

,^\& ,* ^
" )
every virtuous man (he was the ruler, as we
of the eastern parts) ; nor did he suffer matters thus
to be
;

1)carried on for six entire months. Numerous,

therefore, were his devices to overturn the peace :
&,^
\6 said,' -11

at first he attempted on some pretext to shut us out

" ^^ ,
from assembling in the cemeteries,' then through the

^& , 1§ 1)&
medium of certain evil men he sent embassies to
himself against us, having urged the citizens of
Antioch to ask 3,1that they might obtain from him, as &8
£

^ , "
§&
,
&
1),that he should in no wise permit
a very great boon,
1&3
any of the Christians to inhabit their land, and to

&§ ^^.
contrive that others should make the same suggestion.
The originator of all this sprang up at Antioch itself

, ^ &
in the person of Theotecnus, a clever cheat and an

. &.'
evil man, and quite unlike his name.' He was

, ,
^ ^,^^-&
accounted to hold the post of curator'* in the city.
\£8

.
*
^
III. This man, then, many times took the field
III.

.
. .
;

1 1. 1.
1.
&, 1&§36
against us ; and, having been at pains by
method to hunt our people out of hiding-places as
\6
if they were unholy thieves, having employed every

The chief
2
635
/..
^ Cf.

£
vii. 11.
£
^ Theotecnus means Child of God.
3
10, note.
11. 10,

\&{finance officer of a municipality.

)^
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335
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*
ToUs. zne (LUTON cipxovrcis TE Kai cipxo[t6ovs
)

386
$86
 ./,-&
by
certain juggleries
80,
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, IX.

&66^ 86 £
1— S3
IX. in. 1—iv.

,
)8,^
device to slander and accuse us, having been

^
. .
1)66 the
cause even of death to countless numbers, he ended
1)7 erecting a statue of Zeus the Befriender with
^^§1^^^8and sorceries, and having devised
&
\1

',.& , &
1&11\(1
working 1))

&6^&
£
unhallowed rites for it and ill-omened initiations and
&1)&)6purifications,' he exhibited his wonder-
\^ &,
abominable

&
\(1-
by what oracles he pleased, even in the
Emperor's presence. And moreover this fellow,
&1§, &;
order to flatter and please him who

, ^
'11\,in
\1was ruling, stirred

.
up the demon against the Christians, and said that
the god, forsooth, had given orders that the Christians
\))^\6
should 1)6 1)0(1of the city
be driven away beyond the borders

, &\
&&^
^ ,&^ &^, -
and country round about,
&1)1;, since they were his enemies.
IV. This man was the first to act3. thus of set pur-
\1lived in the cities
pose, and all the other officials who
^
under the same rule hastened to make a like decision,
the provincial governors having seen at a glance that
\ )& 1&§§§6
it was pleasing to the Emperor, and having suggested

§,
\ ^
& ,
.,
1)^^8to do the very same 1§.
to their subjects

^
^&
when the tyrant had given a most willing

,
&
to their petitions 2' by
^&
thing. And
\11§assent
\3a rescript, once more the
\£rekindled.
persecution against us was
Maximin himself appointed as priests of the images

&
. .
in each city and, moreover, as

^^
1§1priests, those who
&8 high

&
1:)1services
were especially distinguished in the public
and had made their mark in the entire course thereof.

, ^£ .
§ &, 1)§
These persons brought great zeal to 1>&

^,
bear on the
worship of the gods whom they served. Certainly,

^,.all under him, 1)1

in a word, 11
\&inducing,
the outlandish superstition of the ruler was
\, both governors and governed,

^.
1)\8some phrases from Dion. Alex.
1 Eusebius here borrows
^

(. 10.
(vii.
2
,).
10. 4
4 above).
^ We have thus translated ,pnOicriharct (" decisions")
") here
("

" \
\166 ^^^ " "
1)1,inasmuch as these
and wherever it occurs in this book,
"
" decisions " were " petitions" against Christians.
337
337
 €
, ^ €., -
^ EUSEBIUS
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338
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* i.e.
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the commander of the frontier troops.
1
 .
^ ,
&86 ,£^
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, IX.

8
3— 11
IX. iv. 3—vi. .
^ ^
.
to do everything against us in order to secure his

^ 1)68which
favour ; in return for the benefits
; \11 they thought
to secure from him, they bestowed upon him this
^6&68;&^, £
&
1)8, namely, to thirst for our blood
greatest of boons,
8

^,,^, &1 ()^ £

and to display some more novel tokens of malice
\& &
,
toward us.
18.
V. Having forged, to be 86,Memoirs of Pilate
1) sure,

, .& &
, \^ ,
\1
)^
£
and our Saviour, full of every kind of blasphemy

6;
&§&
against Christ, with the approval of their chief they

edicts that they should be 61)6

\1
sent them round to every part of his dominions, with

, 1)6exhibited openly for

everyone to see in every place, 1)11
both town and country,

&
,
,
(
\6
& \ \ ,^
,
-
and that the primary teachers should give them to
the children, instead of lessons, for study and com-

&
mittal to memory.

&
While this was 1)§carried out, another
\&8 thus being
person, a commander, whom the Romans style
,^
,, &-&
dux,' caused certain infamous women to be )-
1) ab-

\§& \ , ,
ducted from the market-place at Damascus in
Phoenicia, and, \) \1
by continually threatening them with

&^& . \ ; ,
the infliction of tortures, compelled them to state in

& &
writing that they were once actually Christians, and
1£11\
privy to their unhallowed deeds, and that the
Christians practised in the very churches lewdness

, & \(1
and everything else that he wished these women to
say in defamation of our faith. He also made a
memorandum of their words \(1 and communicated it

.
)-
to the Emperor, and moreover at
.
& his command pub-

&,
\ ^ &
lished this document also in every place and city.

,
But as
1§
(
VI. But not long afterwards
commander, died \3

,
\, &, the
&{;\'£(1 he, that is to say,
by his own hand, and thus paid
the penalty for his wickedness.
&8 for us, banishments and severe persecutions
6\,
were again renewed, and the rulers in every province
339
339
 . . ,

^, ,-
EUSEB I US
^
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340
340
 80, .
6 6£
&
once more 086 ^^
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, IX. 1— 11
IX. vi. 1—vu.

,
.
\
rose up cruelly against us, with the result

^,
.
mercy.

&. §,
^ ,
that some of those eminent in the divine Word were
&,
& \
16 3.,
£ \11
taken, and received the sentence of death without
\6
Of these, three in Emesa, a city of Phoenicia, were
&^ \1 1)£8 as food, having declared
consigned to wild beasts
themselves Christians. Among them was
81£,
Silvanus, exceedingly advanced in &§,
\8 a&bishop,
1)8,
age, who had
&. •1
^& &
exercised his ministry for forty entire years.

- \1 presided with the

&1, who
At the same time Peter also,
greatest distinction over the communities at , Alex-
— " 1>1
andria—a truly divine example of a bishop on account
"
of his virtuous life and his earnest study of the holy
—\
.
Scriptures—was seized for no reason at all

^
€[;
^&,
^
;

accountably beheaded, as "if 1)

7&.;,
<£1} \\ and
quite unexpectedly ; and then immediately and un-
by the command of
Maximin. And along with him many others of the
1)1
-
£

>^ , ,
Egyptian bishops endured the same penalty.
.£,
Lucian, a most excellent man in every respect, of

&1&§,
\11 versed in sacred learning, a
temperate life and well

,^
^^ ,
presbyter of the community at Antioch, was brought
to the city of Nicomedia, where the Emperor was
1)§11;

then staying ; and, having made his defence before

,, ,^ & §,.&
;

\1
the ruler on behalf of the doctrine which he professed,
1
he was
So 1^§11^1^,
& &.
\& committed to prison and put to death.
^,
mightily, indeed, did that hater of the good,
Maximin, contrive against us in a short space, that&;
&
&
this persecution \11

,
us by &^ ^ -
which he had stirred up seemed to
us much more severe than the former one. VII.

1) — —
In fact, in the midst of the cities—a thing that had
never happened before—petitions presented against
VII.

1) cities, and rescripts containing imperial ordin-

211
341
•
7$•/ , EUSEBIUS

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'
,
ANTtITAI.ON EP3IHNEIAM THE MAZIMINOT IIPOM TA
KA9' ElMON N1, 1143IMMATA ANTIPPAIII/ A110 THY.,
EN TTP2I MTHAIIM METAAWDOEIMHL

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342
342
&68
.&^
antes in reply,
£>18
80, .
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY,IX.
IX. vii. 1-4

,
\6 set up, engraved on brazen
61, were
&
&
&
>11 the children in the schools had every
tablets ; while
;

^
^
&7
day on their 18 £
lips the names of ^688
Jesus and Pilate and

8£ ,
the Memoirs forged to insult us. 8.

,
8
At this point I think it necessary to insert this same

& -8
document of Maximin that was set up on tablets, so 8

&- , , -8
as to make manifest at once the boastful,
&8 1)£8;1,overweening
"

&
arrogance of this hater of God, and the divine ^8^^
&§3.6
\1 . &
hatred of the evil in wicked men. It was this which

^. ^ \1
; 1§
smote him ; and not long afterwards he reversed his
&(1a decree by
policy with regard to us, and made
Justice
that followed close upon his heels with its sleepless
" \11
18
37laws

^^
in writing.

87€/ /
1/ /
answer to the Petitions against us,
^.
at Tyre.
/
Copy of a Translation of the Rescript of Maximin in
«, taken from the Tablet

\ ^,"
"" Now at length, the feeble boldness

,&
mind has

"
senses of men not so
\1
\1\ ,&^
8 much wicked as & &
^,
1)188of the human
1)1(§mists
38 shaken off and dispersed all blinding
of error, that error which hitherto was attacking the
8 wretched, and

^ \ ^&&
was -&^& 1)
\£8 wrapping them in the baneful
;

governed and established by

§.
}) the
£ ^-
1)&1darkness of ignor-
1)1 -
ance ; and it has been enabled to recognize that it
benevolent provi-
1)1to say
dence of the immortal gods. It passes belief

§
3
\1 is

&
1\ ^&,
; § ^ §&1)1,
how grateful, how exceeding pleasant and agreeable,

\ 1§ \8
this none could be
§\
^ ^
it has proved to us that you have given a very great
proof of your godly disposition ; since even before
;

1) ignorant what regard and piety

you were displaying towards the immortal gods, in§,
343
343
€ ,,^
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[8-
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* 33.

844
£44
,.
,'
& ,& 80, .
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, IX.
IX. vu. 4-8

£
4-8

,&^ ^^^&[1
whom 18 \)3 and empty
is manifested &a faith, not of bare
words, 1)but constant and admirable in its noble8 )1
(. \6£ ^;\1)
deeds. Wherefore your city might worthily be 1)called
\61§-1&£
a temple and dwelling-place of the immortal gods. §8,
Certainly, \3 8§8it appears that it flourishes
by many signs
1)€6 there the immortal gods sojourn.
because 80^^. Behold
£

^
1666,
,
,^^-
)?^ city put away
therefore, your &\&all 3.11thought for its own

private advantage and neglected former requests for

11\ ^^
^
^&
its own affairs, when once again it perceived that the
)^
followers of that accursed folly were beginning to
£

\1
^. ,& a neglected and smouldering pyre which,
spread, as •1,
when its fires are rekindled into flame, forms once

^
^ .^. ^ ,
more a mighty conflagration. Then immediately and
without any delay it had recourse to our piety, as

& ^ " ^, (:[1;§some

a metropolis of all religious feeling, requesting
healing and help. It is evident that the gods have
& to

"
-
^ , , ^,
8&§ 1§11;on account
placed in your heart this saving thought

,
of your faith and godly fear. Accordingly it was
the most exalted and mighty, even Zeus, he who
presides over your far-famed city, he who

^
hearth and home from all
1
•8he,
\1protects
your ancestral gods and women and children and
11destruction, who inspired
1,
\1

§ .-
\1
1\
^ ^
your hearts with this saving purpose ; it was
; 1
\8he who
plainly showed how excellent and splendid and saving
1§
a thing it is to draw nigh to the worship and sacred

£ £
\1 can be
who
\1
rites of the immortal gods with due reverence. For

§ ^ £
1)£of all
1) found so senseless or bereft
gence as not to perceive that it is by
11intelli-
))^the benevolent
£ £8-
care of the gods that the earth does not refuse the

li0Oopov.
,
. 8&^^
seeds committed to it, and thus disappoint the hus-

.\ " This word is

5 evidently corrupt. Schwartz suggests

845
3^5
 8
,,
cipvdo-Oat
EUSEBIUS

]
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^
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346
346
^,
€.88.80,
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, IX.

1)&"
IX. vii. 8-11

\1
8-11

&
bandmen of their hope with vain expectation?? Or,
£
, 68
,
again, that the spectre of unholy war does not plant
,
&
1;86'without opposition upon the earth,
itself
€[1
squalid 1}68
\1686 £
^§&
6&11,so8 that
bodies are dragged off to death, while the
wholesome air of heaven is polluted?? Or, indeed,
that the sea
863.does 88 and swell
(163not toss
,
\61under the blasts
,
&
" \8
,
&^ -&^
of immoderate winds? ? Or that hurricanes do not

,
& ;
burst without warning and stir up a death-dealing
,
-& ,
16" 6
these
^
tempest ?? Or, still

& &
and mother of all,
11\8
-
811further, that the earth, the nurse
&11, does not sink from its deepest
hollows with fearful tremor, and the mountains that

,
lie upon it crash into the resulting chasms? ? For all

^ 1)6
pened many a time before this, as , )1,
166evils, and evils even more terrible, have hap-
1\.
&everyone knows.
&11

^&6
And all 1)6£
,,
&11 these things happened at once because of the

,
111\6(1
baneful error and vain folly of those unhallowed men,

^ & .",
when that error took possession of their souls, and,
one might almost say,
^\^1 &,oppressed the whole world

& ,
everywhere \;1

,^ , ,
with its deeds of shame."
1
After other remarks he adds : "" Let them behold
:

\1
\3.§
in the broad plains the crops already ripe with waving

1)1-
ears of corn, the meadows, thanks to opportune rains,

, ^,
,3
,^
brilliant with plants and flowers, and the weather

-
\"1
1)6granted us temperate and very mild ;
that has been
further, let all 6^^^since through our piety, through
11rejoice
\
the sacrifices and veneration we have rendered, the
most powerful and intractable air has been propiti-
ated, and let them take pleasure in that they there-
fore enjoy the most serene peace securely and in
-
;

^^1.

^ ^^ 6 3\17
quiet. And let as many as have been wholly rescued
from that blind folly and error and returned to a

^ .
right and goodly frame of mind rejoice indeed the

£
The text of this clause is hopelessly corrupt.
847
347
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348
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15
.88. .
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, IX.

, 67 ' & ' ^ '

more, as
,
IX. vu. 11 15
11-15 -

&8 if they were delivered from an unexpected

1^; . && ,
hurricane or severe illness and were reaping life's
\1;
,
^
sweet enjoyment for the future. But if they persist

\ & , 6§13,
in their accursed folly, let them be

-
1)6 separated and

driven far away from your city and neighbourhood,

&& , &
even 3.as you requested ; that so, in accordance with
&6\1 &
;

-, ^, ,
your praiseworthy zeal in this respect, your city may
be
1)6 separated from all pollution and impiety, and,

11\§
following its natural desire, may respond with due
6666
; \1,
reverence to the16 worship of the
1\ &^
^
^.
16 immortal gods.
"" And that you may know how pleasing this your
60[ &
request has been
1)6666
-
&
1)66 to us, and how fully disposed to
,£
benevolence our soul is, of its own accord apart from
66&6
petitions and entreaties : we permit your Devoted-

)^,
:

616 .
ness to ask whatsoever bounty you

,^
\ \1, in return
3011 wish,
for this your godly intent. And now let it be
resolve so to do and receive. For you will
)^
1)6 your

\11 obtain

^^) &
1)
7011 bounty \11;
your
your city will
&& ^&^ \1
without delay, the granting of which to
"
•11 furnish a testimony for evermore of our
godly piety towards the ^,
16 immortal gods, and a proof
6 \1
to your sons and descendants that you have met with
"
."
1)6666
6\&(1from our benevolence on
the due meed of reward

,,,
£ ^^ £
account of these your principles of conduct."

^
&
& ,^
6)1&6€ against us in every province,
This was emblazoned

& & ",

, "
excluding every ray of hope from our condition, at
&
least as far as human help is concerned ; so that, in
\1
accordance with 16
;

the divine oracle itself, if£possible

349
34,9
&..
Matt. 24,
(cf.
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24,24
(/, vi. 41.
41.

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850
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88 ,& 6
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ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, IX.
IX.vn. 15—VIII.
15— 3
3

^^ ,
even the elect themselves should 1)
^. be caused to
stumble at these things. In truth, expectation was

\ \16all
\8

, ,,
already almost failing in very many souls, when &11
6, &§&
\
at once, while those serving the writ set forth against
\66 on their way and had not yet finished their
us were
\
^,
".^
"
journey in some districts, the Champion of His own
\,
1)§ "
^
Church, even God, stopping,' as it were, the proud

VIII. ,
&)&,&
heavenly aid on our behalf.

1§
,
boasting of the tyrant against us, displayed His

VIII.The customary rains, indeed, and showers

^ , ^. ,
of the then prevailing winter season were withholding
(1\ ..
their usual downpour upon the earth, and we were
visited with an unexpected famine, and on top of this
"

^
a plague and an outbreak of another kind of

^ \
This latter was an ulcer, which
.*
£disease.
\11on account of its fiery
character was called an anthrax.' Spreading as

, \ .^
( ; used to endanger greatly
it did over the entire body it
\
^,
its victims ; 1)1;
; but it was the eyes that it marked out

[)
for special attack, and so it was the means of blinding

,
numbers of men as well as women and children.

^ ^\ ,
In addition to this, the tyrant had the further
trouble of the war against the Armenians, men who

,
\
from ancient times had been friends and allies of
the Romans ; but as they were Christians and

,,
exceedingly earnest in their piety towards the Deity,

§
this hater of God, by attempting to compel them to

^ .
sacrifice to idols and demons, made of them foes
\

^^,
instead of friends, and enemies instead of allies.

, ^' ,
The fact that all
11 these things came together all11 at
once, at one and the same time, served to refute
utterly the tyrant's insolent boasting against the

^ ;

,
Deity ; for he used to affirm insolently that, on

&. £
precious stone of a dark red colour, and hence is also used of
600118
£
a malignant ulcer of similar appearance.
351
351
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352
352
 ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, IX.

£
,
IX. VIII. 3-8
3-8 .
& . ^, , ^&
^
account of his zeal for the idols and his attack upon
us,

\6 ^ &
\1
\{ worn out along with his commanders in the
was
"
,
118, neither famine nor pestilence nor even war took

,
place in his time. These things, then, coming upon

& &&, &^ &^

him together and at the same time had constituted

\ ^-1\.
the prelude of his overthrow. He himself, therefore,

&1)1;8 of
Armenian war ; while the rest of the inhabitants
:

the cities under his rule were so terribly wasted by

1) 6
1)

. ,
both the famine and the pestilence, that two

63.86 of wheat. Countless was the &

1\ thousand
five hundred Attic drachmas were given for a single
16 number of "

,
measure
those who \66
6 ^^
&- ^, \ &^
were dying in the cities, and still larger of
those in the country parts and villages, with the result

\
6§68, which formerly contained the
that the registers,

. ,^
"
names of a numerous rural population, were now all &11
1) ^;
but entirely wiped out ; for one might almost say
; &18 &
&
that the entire population perished all at once through
^. 8,
lack of food and through plague. Some, indeed, did
£

^^ 1) -
1)&
not hesitate to barter their dearest possessions for

§
the scantiest supply of food with those better pro-

\ &&
^ & . & ^ \,^
, 81 off their goods little \)
vided ; others sold
; by little and
were driven to the last extremity of want ; and others
&§& ](1
;

again injured their bodily health, and died from

chewing small \88

&
some \11-1)
,^,
wisps of hay and recklessly eating
certain pernicious herbs. And as

want to shameless necessity, and \1;

&-&,
)1 )§§ 1
&8 for the women,
well-born ladies in cities were driven })

in the market-places, displaying a proof of their

by their
went forth to beg

\
§
^ 11 &.
noble upbringing in their shamefacedness and the

&,
decency of their apparel. And some, wasted away
like ghosts of the departed, and at the last
8)1 &
&: gasp,
stumbled and tottered here and there from inability
§8,

..
VOL. IIII N 353
85$
 ,

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354
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 , \1 & &
,
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, IX.

\,
&,
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belonging at the
"
&&§^
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\1
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1)£
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\11

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^ \£

^
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\
;12
&
\,
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1
^ "32
Or " beating (of breasts)."
(£1)653)."
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356
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&
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, IX.

^
IX. vu:. 12

persons carried out for burial

&.
train.
15
12-15 -

1)3.1 in a3,single funeral

'
\}^ \6
Such were the wages

& . &,
"

&
•§8 received for the proud
1)0,§ of Maximin and for the petitions presented
boasting
by the cities against us ; while the
;

6)
Christians' zeal and piety in every respect were
"
16 proofs of the
\^6

^ ^^ § &
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£
alone in such an evil state of affairs gave practical
£
^ £ ^\
^I3,^^ : all
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: 11 day

),
,^
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( )
them (for there were countless numbers, and no one

^)&^ §£1
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" &\
; \11 others would gather
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',, ^
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&,
§ & ^ \&
"
all throughout the city were wasted

,
the famine, and distribute bread to them all,

the God of the Christians, and, convinced \3

,,
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deeds themselves, acknowledged that they alone
-&^.
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\11
\&1(1 with
11, so that
\& on all men's lips, and they glorified
their action was
by the
^^

^^ ^ & &
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, ^
,
1£§
he great and heavenly Champion of the Christians,

^
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;16
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\\ ,
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& ^^;

, ^ ;
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.

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,
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^,
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;o all
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& in

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nd again on the other hand after sufficient chastise-

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.
viii. 13.
13. 12
This is
12 f. {.

18 a translation of the text given in ATER. The

358
858
.,,,
: ^
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IX. viii. 15—
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, IX. 15 ix. 3
S

ment showing mercy and goodwill to those who §\11

\1fix
. — .

^
their hopes on Him.

was
IX.

§ 8§ ,
\1,as
IX. Thus in truth Constantine, who, &8aforesaid,'
\£8 Emperor and sprung from an Emperor, pious
and sprung from a most pious and in every respect
most prudent father, and Licinius, who ranked next &
&

and piety—were
(3
,
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to him—both honoured for their understanding
, €6 —
\66 stirred up by
God of the universe and Saviour, two , &
^^,
1)) the King of kings,
;\men beloved
^
- &
3§&8the two
of God, against 1\most impious tyrants ;
\£was formally engaged, God proved
,
^^, ;

^
and when 3war
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their ally * in the most wonderful manner, and

. , 1)
,
,
Maxentius fell at Rome at the hands of Constantine ;
\11
^
he too perished by a most disgraceful death at the
: 1§
while he *3 of the East did not long survive him, for
;

*1
1(1of Licinius, 'who had not yet become mad.'
hands .*

&^ &)]^^,
&
But to resume. Constantine, the superior of the

, ,
Emperors in rank and dignity, was -& the first to take
&1^

,^
}^
pity on those subjected to tyranny at Rome ; and,

^ ,^ ,
;

calling in prayer upon God who is in heaven, and His

\,
Word, even Jesus Christ the Saviour of all, as his ally,,

^ ^-
he advanced in full force, seeking to secure for the
^^.
,Romans their ancestral liberty. Maxentius, to be 1)

;1)€)^
sure, put his trust rather in devices of magic than in
)^,
the goodwill of his subjects, and in truth did not dare
§,
;}^'gates, but with an
to advance even beyond the city's \1
innumerable multitude of heavy-armed soldiers and
countless bodies of legionaries secured every place
and district and city that had been reduced to 1)
() , "
slavery \3
by him in the environs of Rome and in all 11

. .
3
.

* Maximin.
3
,
. & .
.^ ^
£ Eusebius (BDM X) runs&
shorter text of as 11\^
follows : "Thus
in truth Constantine . . . most prudent father, was stirred
. . .

up by the . .. Saviour, against those most impious tyrants

. . .

."
. . . God proved his ally.. . ." . .

* This clause is a later addition.

:

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ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, IX.
IX. ix. 3-7
3-7 .

\1

^^,
&&
with ease

§ , &
,
Italy. The Emperor, closely relying on the help

^' &§
that comes from God, attacked the first, second and

^ "
^ & ",
third of the tyrant's armies, and capturing them all
6&8€ advanced over a large part of Italy, actually
".
coming very near to Rome itself. Then, that he
&11

^ &^& , ^
might not be 136 compelled 1)60&86
because of the tyrant to
fight against Romans, God Himself as if with chains
§§&
dragged the tyrant far
\6
£& away from the gates
§&68 ; and
;

, &
sacred books
8&06(1
6)
\, &
those things which were inscribed long &§

, §&
myth very many gave no faith, yet were
"

, & ^
of faith to the

.
—
16 faithful—now by
\, \1
—
1)1 against wicked men—to which as
ago in the
3,8 a

\1)
\€6 they worthy
1> their very clearness
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,
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who

,
&^
&\,
,
&, \)\, &'
example, in the days of Moses himself and the ancient

\ ^ -\
&
^
&
and godly race of the Hebrews, "" Pharaoh's chariots
,
and his host bath he cast into the sea, his chosen
horsemen, even captains, they were sunk in the Red
,
Sea, the deep covered them "" ; in the same way also
;

Maxentius and the armed soldiers and guards around

," \1
,- ^ ^
him "" went down into the depths like a3. stone," when
1

& .." \ &

he turned his back before the God-sent power that
\
was \;1
,
with Constantine, and was \8 crossing the river that
1)§
&;
•
lay in his path, which he himself had bridged right
well by ^^&§;
1)) joining of boats, &
^^^
1)&, and so formed into an engine
& ,1 §§ , ^;
of destruction against himself. Wherefore one might
8& : "" He hath made a pit, and digged it, and shall
say

,
:

&
\ ,^
, \ \ &." \18
fall into the ditch which

^,
\11 he made. His work shall
return upon his own head, and his wickedness shall

^,
come down upon his own pate."
Thus verily, through the breaking of the bridge

1)& all
went the boats 11 at once, men and all,
1)»
over the river, the passage across collapsed, and down
11, into the deep ; ;

361
.
Ex. 15,

.
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,
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, IX.

:
and first of all
IX. ix. 7-11

&8the shield-bearers
and then also

\^ &\8
7-11

\1
86-1)668around him, as
)]^,
sank 8
divine oracles foretell, 8£1
, ^
.
11 he himself, that most wicked of men, ,
3.8 the

as lead in the mighty

^
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11\8
^
in deeds, like the followers of the great servant

^ \1 ^
Moses, those who had won the victory \) by the help
of God might in some sort hymn the very same words
\1 ,
& , §
which were uttered against the wicked tyrant of old,

«\
,^
\
,
& §1
, ^
,
,&§1
1)
;1\
^
and protector, he is
.
,,
and say : ""Let us sing unto the Lord, for gloriously
:

hath he been glorified : the horse and his rider bath

:

he thrown into the sea. The Lord is8my strength

8 become my salvation "" ; and
,, &§
"" Who is like unto thee, 0 Lord, among the gods ??
&, &118
who is like thee, glorified in saints, marvellous in
;

^ & 81& , ^,
praises, doing wonders? ? "" These things, and such
as
&§
^ ^
3.8 are akin and similar to them, Constantine by his

very deeds sang to God the Ruler of all

^1,
1
of the victory ; then he entered Rome with
11 and Author
\11hymns
18

, , 1( ^
;

,
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great note, together with women and quite young

\ 1)&§
children and all

&,
11 the Roman people, received him in a
1)^ with beaming countenances to their very heart
body
as a ransomer, saviour and benefactor, with praises
38
8)1
and insatiable ].
, 1, 1, as one possessed of
joy. But he,

\)
1\
§ '
natural piety towards God, was by no means stirred
by their shouts nor uplifted by
he knew that his help was

should 1)
)'
))^^ their praises, for well

\8 from God ; and 1;§1\7

\)1
; straightway
he gave orders that a memorial of the Saviour's Passion
be set up in the hand of his own statue ; and
•1
^^ ^ ^,
;

indeed when they set him in the most public place in

}1§
1) ^
Rome holding the Saviour's sign in his right hand, he

» }^§,
bade them engrave this very inscription in these
1#1tongue : ""By
words in the Latin : ^^this salutary sign,

363
863
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864
364
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, IX. 80,
11— 11
IX.ix. 11—ixa. . .
\)&, 8
&
16true proof of bravery, I saved and delivered your
the
£
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£6
',."
;

66,
freed and restored to their ancient fame and splendour

^^
§,& & \
deranged by
8€6
16senate and the people of the Romans."
both the
And after this Constantine himself, and with him
^\18 mind \&8
the emperor Licinius, "whose was not yet
\11he afterwards
1) the madness into which
,^

^, ,
&
\ 1)
& the Ahthor of all
fell,' having propitiated God as

of the Christians' ; and to Maximin, who

; \1was
&11 their
good fortune, both with one will and purpose drew
up a most perfect law 2* in the fullest terms on behalf
1)&1
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ruler of the provinces of the East and playing at

,
11
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^ , )&
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\
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&^
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&
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&)&,
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&
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1 -&, \£greatly
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;

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&8
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1
,
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.
1)11of the Christians to the governors
letter on behalf
1)1himself, and feigns
under him ; in which he belies
;

1§81
that he had done things he never had.
^^

&8&
€^
^ / / /

,6 ,&: :&.&;
Copy of a Translation of the Epistle of the Tyrant
^^&
"
" &.
Jovius Maximinus Augustus to Sabinus. I am
1)1to thy Firmness
persuaded that it is manifest both
3
and to all
&11men that our masters Diocletian and
Maximian, our fathers, when they perceived that

8 a later addition.
This clause is
'

2
* 5-€11Edict of Milan: see x..5.5.1-14.
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' ^^}^
^ Januar,y 313.
313.
365
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 ,
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, IX.
IX. ixa. 1-5 .
,&;.
1-5

3,18 &11 & &1)6 \1 £

^^ &
almost

§
all men had abandoned the worship of the

&
§<8 and associated themselves with the nation of
gods
\£
the Christians, rightly gave orders that all men who
^, ^,
deserted the worship of their gods, the immortal gods,
\1 £\1
,
should \)
be recalled to the worship of the gods by
correction and punishment. But when under happy
1) open

&;, and
auspices I came for the first time to the East,

^ ^\
,
learnt that in certain places very many persons who

^^ )1 &
were able to serve the public good were being
!©

& ^ &,
1)3.(1 )^
banished by the judges for the aforesaid reason, I
§&
gave orders to each of the 3(1§
judges that none of them

1)

^ & -
\1
\& to deal harshly with the provincials,
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&^,1£,\1
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) £ ^.
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^,
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&&^ ,^
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§
&[8§
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"
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&
^,
gods, earnestly requesting that on no account should

^
such 3.
a nation be
&
1) permitted to dwell
&
^•
"11 in their city.
, "
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& ^,
,
religion (1"1
dwelt in those very parts, I thus made them
}^ \&gratified, and thanked them for
[, , , , \[6;,
reply : That I was
:

their request, but

1); I perceived that this request did

& &
not come from all. If, then, there were some that
persevered in the same superstition, let each one
367
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ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, IX.

;
8
\1
wished ; and if they so
IX. Ixa. 5-8

^.
5-8

keep thus his resolve according as he personally

,
,
-
8desired it, let them acknow-
6§6 the worship of the gods. Nevertheless to
ledge
,
& ,
£
\1& 83,6Nicomedians and the rest of the cities,
these same
who themselves have so 8 very earnestly addressed me
,
^,
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&,
^
6[61;,namely, that no Christian should
inhabit their cities, I was \&8compelled to reply in a
friendly manner, because the Emperors of old time

&^ ^)866
pleasing to the gods themselves, by

, \ , \
^,
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-^
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),&^
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.
I should confirm such . & they were making
a request as
1)11of the worship of their Deity.
on behalf
&1§ 1)
" Therefore, although special letters have been
" 1)
^& &
written to thy Devotedness before this time, and

&
\& ,
likewise it 13,8 1>
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harsh measures should be
1)ordinances that no
1)adopted against provincials

^
&
who have a mind to persevere in such a custom, but 1)
1^-8§
that men should deal with them in a long-suffering
and adaptable spirit : nevertheless that they may
: ,

.&
not suffer insults or extortions at the hands of the

^ \1&;,
beneficiarii3 or any others whatsoever, I think it

&
;
right by\) this letter also to put thy Firmness in mind

- ^
that thou shouldest cause our provincials to recog-

persuasive \{1

^, ^--
)^
nize the attention they owe to the gods rather by
words and exhortations. Wherefore if
^-
\>
\
^
;
any should make it his

^ ^^\. ^.
the gods should be
such persons ; but
\1, ;
\1
18 resolve that the worship of
1)recognized, it is fitting to welcome
11\their own
1)if some desire to follow
worship, thou shouldest leave it in their own power.

*
1'
^

8&^
:

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as ^^686<1
* Omitting °Dv, &8 suggested 1)
by Schwartz.
\&8 given to military officers "
^ ^&1.
[8in the original.
U as : probably representing per quos
, of a high rank.
In this passage it seems to mean officers in the entourage of a»
5»•.
provincial governor.
369
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ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, IX. 9— . 11
IX. ixa. 9—x. .
6&8 1)6€8 ^
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For this reason it behoves thy Devotedness to observe >8
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.^
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authority be

] ^ 16
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&
86, as we
with insults and extortions, since,
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1)6 given to none to afflict our provincials

),
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& ^ (1 ^
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&
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88)^&
1) thyself."
^1^^1"."

one any longer regarded him as

£ \
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pulsion of necessity and not of his own free will,

already on a former occasion showed himself to be

§&1)1 " "
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trustworthy, because after a similar concession he had

1\ 1)

,
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1)&
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^,
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&.
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16 advocates of peace and piety,
^6 the
{1\,
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7 had resolved not to give in as &8 regards this

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; ^
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1)
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^8^^,
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-&
871
371
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.,6•9, " ot) crctgerat Pacrt,Ach 8,a
P8. 33, 16-19 attot;s, Iv ors eivrirat "

372
372
1
* ^.
Licinius. This clause is probably a later insertion.
 :

8,
& , ^&
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, IX. . 1-5
IX. x. 1-5

imperial mind, he managed his affairs tactlessly ;

^, 6\6§, ^, \
;

,,
and, above all,
&11, his soul was uplifted in an absurd){1
manner by \) an overweening arrogance, actually
16£§6 \1 were
\1 & ^, —
against his colleagues in the Empire, men who
)§^
in every way his superiors in birth1)11 and upbringing

&;,.
what is most important of all—in
\3.1 &11

^
towards the true God. So he began
\1
— ]^
and education, in worth and intelligence, and—
sobriety and piety

^
1)§3 to venture to

, &
act
30; with insolence, and publicly to style himself first

\1
a
&.
&, ,&
§1 (
£
1
in rank. Then he pushed his madness to the length

&
of insanity, and, 1)£1§

^^ ,
, ., ^^
-.
8. short time he threw everything into confusion,

,§ " ,\
,
^
breaking the treaty he had made
with Licinius, raised an internecine war. Next, in

all

,
greatly disturbed every city, and, gathering together

,
11 the army, an innumerable multitude of men, went

^ .
^ , 1);1-£&^,his soul uplifted by
forth to fight him in battle-array, ))^^

\1, -
^
garded as§,
\1 1 3
the hopes he placed in demons, whom, forsooth, he re-
& gods, and in his myriads of armed soldiers.
^,
But when he joined battle, he found himself

^,
^, -
bereft of divine Providence, for, by 1) the direction of "
Him who is the one and only God of all, &11, the victory

\
&8 given to Licinius\1
was
all,

,
who\£ ^:.
was then ruling. First of
&11, the armed soldiers in whom he had trusted were
^&'
§
destroyed ; and when his bodyguard had left him

\
\ ^,
;

^, & ^&
defenceless and wholly deserted, and had gone over
to him who was

,
\& ruling, 1 the wretched man divested
himself with &11all speed of the imperial insignia that
ill

, ^^ ;
11 became him, and in a cowardly, base and unmanly
-.
^
^& (:[1^
way

\ ^ ,
&
quietly slipt into the crowd. Then he ran about
here and there, hiding himself in the fields and
villages ; and for all
11 his courting of safety he escaped

,\ -
;

with difficulty the hands of his enemies, his deeds

themselves proclaiming how very trustworthy and
true are the divine oracles, in which it has been said :
373
373
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374
374
"
will
.
" There is
\11 not \)
is a
18 ^
.,
^
be saved \)
&,
80,
IX. .
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, IX. x. 5-7
5-7

\^, &
^.
18 no king saved by much power, and a

8& 8 ^;
&^
^&;
& giant
by his great strength. A horse

,&
, vain thing for safety, and will not be
his §•63,
, &
1)6 saved by

great power. Behold, the eyes of the Lord are

." ,
., ,,
upon them that fear him, upon them that hope in his

,
mercy ; to deliver their souls from death." Thus,
;

then, did the tyrant, filled with

\ & ^
\1;1shame, come to his

§&
own territory. And first in his mad fury he put to
death many priests and prophets of those gods who
had formerly been
,
1)66his admiration, and whose oracles
\1

' &.
&§1\,
"
&,
, \
1)^ the war,
had incited him to begin

.
\£, on the ground that
,,
§
they were charlatans and deceivers and, above all,
betrayers of his safety. Next, he gave glory to
the Christians' God, and drew up a law

Then straightway, no respite being ^& , .

^^
1&\ on behalf
3,11,

1)1&1£of
their liberty in the most complete and fullest manner.
1>6§ granted him, he

\
ended his life 1)}
by 8,
a miserable death.
\
}. ^^ ,^
Now the law

€/ /
,
£\ issued by
)^him was as

Copy of a Translation of
/
»8follows :

/"the Ordinance of
:

/"the Tyrant
on behalf of the Christians, made from the Latin tongue
into the Greek.

^, "

&, ^:, ^-
" The Emperor Caesar Gaius Valerius Maximinus
Germanicus, Sarmaticus, Pius Felix Invictus Augus-
.
is
\
; ,
&,&^ ^§& &^
^- \
1)666that no one is ignorant, nay that
tus. We believe
\} has recourse to the facts knows and
every man who

^^ -
18 conscious that it is manifest, that in every way we

take unceasing thought for the good of our pro-

vincials, and desire to grant them such things as &8 are
9X6
best
1)68 calculated to secure the advantage of all, &11, and

375
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IX. .
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, IX. x. 7 10
7-10 -

,, &,
\19,066
whatsoever things are advantageous and useful to
&
their common \&1,
&&&§6 §&\&
; .
weal, and such as are suitable to the
&
public advantage and agreeable to every mind.
6, &
Since, therefore, 1)66
1\6§€
, &^
before this it has been evident to our
knowledge that, on the plea that the most divine
&
&&
Diocletian and Maximian, our fathers, had given
orders for the &1)116 1)16,
abolishment of the Christian assemblies,
&^ 1)
\)\>8 have been practised
many extortions and robberies
&,
by the officials, and that this increased as
\)
"
\
8 time went
( \1
§
on to the detriment of our provincials (for whose

^^
^), & \ -
good it 18is our especial desire that there should be
1) due

\
thought), and that their own personal possessions
were 1)^
&,^
being destroyed : we addressed &a letter to the
:

&& \
governors in each province last year, laying it down
that if" any should wish to follow11\ such a custom or
)8&8,
&,
,
the same religious observances, such a one should

-) &,\1 & &&

adhere to his purpose without hindrance, and be
hindered or prevented 1> by no one ; and that they
;

should have a free hand, without fear and suspicion,

, \
^,
&.
to do whatsoever each one pleases. But it; cannot
& ^^
&
escape our notice even now that some of the judges
1)

^ \1& ^
\
misinterpreted our injunctions, and caused our people
&
^ ,
to have doubts with regard to our commands, and

. & 1)&1\£ in joining in those

,,
made them somewhat backward
1&8§
religious observances that were pleasing to them.

)^ "&,
"That, therefore, for the future all
doubt arising from fear may be
&11 suspicion or

\
&
1) removed, we have

may be1) plain to all &

decreed that this ordinance be 1) published, so that it
&11 that those who desire to follow

377
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378
 ,.,
^ ^, IX. .
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, IX.

\
x. 10 12
10-12

,
-
;

, .,
this sect and religious observance are permitted, in

\ .
1),
&^, ^
accordance with this our bounty, as 3,8 each one wishes

)8-
or finds it pleasing, to join in that religious observ-

And permission has also 1)6 ^&

ance which from choice he was wont to practise.

,' & 1)1

been granted them to build

^ & &,, ^ ^
&,
the Lord's houses. Nevertheless, that our bounty
may be §6&6,we
1)6 even greater,
1)
\6 have decided to decree this
also : that if"any houses or lands, which used formerly
:

1)6§ \)
to belong §1 16Christians, have by
by right to the \) the
"
£
)1 68
injunction of our parents passed into the right of the
public treasury or have been
\166
1)66 seized by)^ any city—
16
—
' ."
whether a sale of these has taken place, or they
been handed over to anyone as
1)66

16 ^& ^,
orders that all
&
11 these be66(1
§" —
&a gift—we
6)?^ have
have given
1)6 restored to the Christians as
6-
&

,^ & ,
their original right, so that in this also all &11 may per-

& 16 6& ^
066 our piety and solicitude."
ceive
These are "
&6 the words of the
than a3, whole year after the
16 tyrant that came 68
0&16less
16ordinances against the
6
Christians, set up by him on tablets ; and he who
;

a short while previously looked upon us as impious

^
and godless and the
,
not permitted to dwell id I \11

^ ,^
, so that we were
16 pests of society,
,—
will not say, a city, but
even a spot in the country or a desert—this same

\ )^^
person drew up ordinances and legislation on behalf

^)^ , ,\
of the Christians ; and those who shortly before were
;

being destroyed by fire and sword and given to wild

beasts and birds for food before his eyes, and were
enduring every kind of chastisement and punishment
and loss of life in the most pitiable manner, as if they
\6
were godless and wicked, these he now allows both
to observe their form of worship and to build churches ;

^ }^
and the tyrant himself confesses that they possess
certain rights !!

379
379
 ^
" ]
Kai
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380
^& ,
.88. ,, IX. .
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, IX.

^ ,
x. 13-15
13-15
;

&
And \16
when he had made these confessions, as if £
"
meeting with some kind of reward on this very
— ,
account—that is, suffering less, to1) be sure, than it
—
.,
behoved him to suffer—he was smitten all at once by

^
1)
"
a stroke of God, and perished in the second encounter
3.

"
^, "
of the war. But the circumstances of his death were
; \6
&, §^
; . ^\\,^
not such as fall to the lot of generals on a campaign,

^
glorious end in 1)11

3.1
battle ; but

array on the field. All

;
1)&1 on behalf
who time after time contend bravely

1
1)1£1'of
\;1 a good courage meet a
virtue and friends, and with
1) he suffered his due
punishment like an impious enemy of God, skulking
\11 his army was still stationed in 1);1-
at home while
11at once he was smitten by
\1 \,
battle-
\) a
!;
"

^ \ -,^,-
stroke of God over his whole body, with the result
that he fell prone under the onslaught of terrible

\ ,
pains and agonies ; he was wasted by hunger, and
;

his flesh entirely consumed by )^an invisible, divinely-

) ,
\11his body once possessed
,
sent fire ; the form which
;

^
wasted away and vanished, and there remained only
a form of dry bones, like some phantom shape long

1) )
since reduced to a skeleton, so that those present

\ , \1 1) \
. ;- \
could not but think that his body had become the tomb
of his soul, which had been buried in what was now a

,
corpse and completely wasted away. And as the heat

, ^,
consumed him still more fiercely in the very depths

.
^ 11§
of his marrow, his eyes projected, and falling from

.
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in this condition, and making confession to the Lord

1§ ^
invoked death. So with
^%
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1.
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§1.
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;

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881
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882
382
.
^
, ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY,IX.

XI. \6
\
•8
IX. xi. 1-4
1-4

XI. When Maximin was thus removed—he who

.
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— \1
was the only one left of the enemies of godliness,
\&8
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\&1
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and showed himself the worst of all—by
&11 §& "
)^ the grace of
Almighty God the renewal of the churches from the

',"
foundation\8

& -& §\
& ^ \(1 of Christ
was set on foot, and the word

" -
received a due increase upon its former freedom, and
was clearly heard to the glory of the God of the uni-

.
verse ; while the impiety of the enemies of godliness
;

was covered with the most abject

\&8 -
&1)3 shame and dis-
&
honour. For Maximin himself was the first to be 1)

, ; \&,-^ &.
proclaimed )^ by the rulers as a common enemy of all,
and posted in public edicts on tablets as
11,
&8 a most

&& ^ & & ,

impious, most hateful and God-hating tyrant. As

^
to the portraits which were set up in every city to
his honour and that of his children, some were hurled

-
, ,^ ^ ,
from a height to the ground and smashed to pieces,

likewise, &, 1)1&1

1)1
;
\}
others had their faces blackened over with dark-
coloured paint and so rendered useless ; the statues
as many as had been set up in his honour,
(1\ and broken in the same manner,
were cast down

, \ \,>,. ^ \^-
and lay as an object of merriment and sport to those

7§
who wished to insult or abuse them.
Next, all

^, ^
, \,
by
11 the honours of the other enemies of godli-
ness also were taken away, and all

)^
1)
high government positions who
1) him, and who
\ .
11 who were of the
party of Maximin were slain, especially those in
\1 had been honoured
\1 indulged in violent abuse against
our doctrine in order to fawn upon him. Such was \8
above all,

,§ 1§1
1
,
Peucetius, a man whom he honoured and respected

, §1
11, the truest of his friends, consul a second

§§1\
and a third time, and appointed by
-
)^ him general

§-
finance minister ; such likewise was Culcianus, who
;

had gone through every grade of office in the govern-

ment, the same person who \1 gloried in the murder
383
383
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^^ .^
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY,IX.
IX. xi. 4-8
4-8

of countless Christians in Egypt ; and in addition to

'8
;

168 168,who
these not a few others,
3, \1were 6£8of
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confirming and increasing Maximin's tyranny.

&
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- ^-
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&
&
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\1
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-
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,
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&
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, \
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princes, in the sons of men, in whom there is no help. .3

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..
VOL. II
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 ,. ,
. \ ^ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, IX.

&
IX. xi. 88

earth. In that day all&\\his thoughts shall perish."

.
."^
,',
&
3 Thus verily when the impious ones had been purged
^

1§(1 1)6^6 to them was

away, the kingdom that belonged

&
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^
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\8

^: , , § ^
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;

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6 \& "
against God, conscious of the good things that He

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&
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Book X. (In M it is found in both places.) The text as
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.
(see vol. .i. pp. xix ff.),
(866
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.), and was naturally omitted in the last
recension, after the Damnatio memoriae of Licinius.

387
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888
888
 CONTENTS OF BOOK X
/ / / ^•^§ ^
The Tenth Book of the Ecclesiastical History
€8
.
I.

& ..
contains the following ::
18&'(1
On the peace vouchsafed to us from God.
16 68& *

.& ^.
II.
II.On the restoration of the churches.
6
III.
III.

IV.
IV.
V.
V.
&^ ^
On the dedications in every place.
Panegyric on the joyful
68
Copies of imperial 1\8
£ &.
37'1 condition of affairs.
laws having reference to the

66 -
Christians.

^.
VI.

VII. On the
VII.

VIII. On 16
\11
&^
18.
to the clerics.

his tragic end.. && .^ 86 §&

VI. On the exemption from public service granted

£
)6(][6 wickedness of Licinius and
16 subsequent

the victory of Constantine and the blessings

which he •\&8 £
1)188§8
was the means of procuring for the
subjects of the Roman Empire.
8)361;8

3 89
389
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390
390
1
 8 ^, ^ 5 §
BOOK X

,£^)6\1\ &
. be to God, the Almighty and King £
1. THANKS 136 of the
686,
to the , &11

& .
universe, for all things ; and abundant thanks
; 111^8 be

Christ, through whom we pray continually that

6 &^ \ ,
1) also
16 Saviour and Redeemer of our souls, Jesus ^65
peace from troubles without and troubles in the heart
may 1)6
013.^ 686<1 for us stedfast and undisturbed.
be preserved

^
And having now added, while we pray, the tenth

,
&,

^
£
tome also of 16 \11
the Ecclesiastical History to those which

• &,^
€£ ,
) ,
preceded it, we

&
\6 shall
1&11 dedicate this tome to thee, my
most holy Paulinus,1 invoking thee as the seal of the
whole work ; and fitly in a perfect number we shall
;

here place the perfect and panegyrical discourse on

£ )666
-£

^ " §
the restoration of the churches, in obedience to the

§ &,
divine Spirit \1

^ &^
Lord a

-^ ,
who thus exhorts us : " 0 sing unto the
:

3. new song ; for he hath done marvellous

. ,
;

things : His right hand, and His holy arm, hath

^
:

,, - ^ \ \,
&
wrought salvation for him. The Lord bath made
1\ ."
known his salvation : His righteousness hath He

\ :

revealed in the sight of the heathen."

, ^, ,
And verily, in accordance with the oracle, which

^ \ ,,
thus bids us, let us now cry aloud the new song, since,
after those terrible and gloomy spectacles and

. , \
narratives, we were accounted worthy now to behold
1

^^ 86)5
8)87
^ &(& .
Bishop of Tyre, and subsequently of his native city,
Antioch. Eusebius had a great admiration for him, and
) 5
1)1 but also his Onomasticon.
dedicated to him.not only this book
391
391
 -

,. ,
, , ,^ .
13,1717 c(,v
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1 ix. 11.
1 IL
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^}^ ^, &^. ,
which originally meant a Bacchic revel •
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58;7 a religious guild, or confraternity, in which
came to signify
39
8922
 .&
,
&^^
&^ , & &^ ^
^
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, X. I.

,,
. 4-8
4-8

and to celebrate in panegyric such things as81

.
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truth many righteous men and martyrs of God before
6&
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us desired to see upon earth and saw
118

&,
to hear, and heard them ;.
8\ them not, and
1)6

& &
not. But they indeed,
basting with

^-
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^
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11 speed, obtained far better
\6
the heavens themselves and were caught up into a

, ^^ ,-
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paradise of divine pleasure ; while
; \6,acknowledg-
ing that even these present things are beyond our

,
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cence of the bounty of which He is the Author, and
\1
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with our whole soul's might fittingly render Him our

,, \ &3
awe and worship, attesting the truth of

. 1§
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\1&wonders He bath made
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, :

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in the earth, making wars

&,
]§-&, ^ &
the earth. He will\11break the bow
."
armour, and the shields he will
-
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\11 burn with fire."
Rejoicing that these things have been clearly ful-
filled to us-ward, let us proceed to take up our
&&. '/
narrative.

'^ • ,
The whole race of God's enemies had verily been
removed even &

^, ,,
\
as we have stated, 1 and in a moment
8that once more a divine
blotted out of men's sight ; so
8&§
,,
;

saying hath fulfilment, that which says : "" I have seen

:

\."
the wicked in great power, and lifted up like the cedars

\8§ , ^\
of Lebanon. And I passed by, ^,and, lo, he was not : :

^^ &
and I sought his place, and it was not found."
\•
And now henceforth a day bright and radiant with

, ^,
rays of heavenly light, overshadowed \) by never a
cloud, shone down upon the churches of Christ
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]-
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18
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society is remarkable.
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393
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ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, X. I.

& &&
6 &
8— 11
. 8—rn.

ment of our divinely-sent 1)188§8,blessings, at any rate a&

66.
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II.
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letters from the Emperor, and honours and gifts of
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\,
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book
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^,^ ^ '
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, &,&)1&§8
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&
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\&(38
foreign lands, kindly acts on the part of laity towards
1)\
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ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, X. iii. 2—iv.

^ ^&
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,
-
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;
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^ §^
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338
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§§ - §
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^ .
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&§
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&^ && §,
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,
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^ , ^,
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the presence of very many pastors \1

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0[
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1)1 , \1
splendour all
,
1
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sonally to a single bishop who was \& in every respect
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Eusebius himself.
1) whose zeal
and enthusiasm the temple in Tyre, surpassing in
1)
11 others in Phoenicia, had been erected :
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ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, X. iv. 2-6
2-6

Panegyric on the building of the churches, addressed

to Paulinus, bishop of the Tyrians ::
"

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\\are
" 0 friends of God and priests who &6clothed with
the holy robe 1^ and the celestial crown of glory,

' §1, the

\1

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divine unction and the priestly garb§\) of the Holy

&
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auditory of godliness grave and dear to God : Long
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,-^^
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\
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^ ,, ,
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days, in the days of old.' But now indeed no

^, .
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. ^: ^
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stretched out arm
(1. xxix. 5 TOP XeriBlia rbv roahrnb lit.
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ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, X. iv. 6-8

our 11-§&8

we 1)61
1§^
6-8

all-gracious God and universal King ; nay, by

deeds, &8
• §8 8, and with
as one might say, \1; our very eyes do
behold that those things committed to memory
are £1£1
long ago &6 8 we
faithful and true ; and so
" ^, &\6 can sing a

& &,
second hymn of victory, and raise our voices aloud
;
..
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;

§
,,\1,
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and say : As we have heard, so have we
:
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,'
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^
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the city of the Lord of hosts, in the city
\-&
, §
And in what city, if it be not the new-made city that
God hath 1)1,

& ^^ \
builded, which is the church of the living

^,
God, the pillar and ground of the truth ; of which
also another divine oracle speaketh good tidings,
;

-
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81& , £
somewhat on this manner : Glorious things are

-^
'
:

^
spoken of thee, 0 city of God ' ?? To which city '

since the all-gracious God hath gathered us, through

§&
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8§,
,&
all 1)1 ,
the grace of - His Only-begotten, let each of the guests
but shout, and say I was
,\ &8glad
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&
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,
they said unto me, we will

^ ,§\
;
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house, and the place where

,^
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,,
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'

\16 thy glory dwelleth.

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1)&
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^, § ,
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together with one spirit and one soul, give honour and

, ,'
praise, saying : ' Great is the Lord, and highly to be
:
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praised, in the city of our God, in his holy mountain.'

8 .^
Yea verily, He is truly great, and great is His house,

,
.
lofty and large ; and more lovely in beauty than the

^§^§ , ^. -
;

sons of men. Great is the Lord who only doeth

^ ^ , ^;, ^
wondrous things. Great is He who doeth great §1;
things and past findingout ; yea, glorious and marvel-
;

lous things of which there is no number. Great is

^^1§,
13

\1 changeth the times and the seasons, removing

He who

.§,
kings and setting them up, raising up the poor from
the ground, and from the dunghill setting up the
needy. He hath put down princes from their thrones,
and hath exalted them of low 1\ degree from the
401
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ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, X. iv. 8-11
8-11 ..

,
,- ^,,
1)
^;^, ,
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ground. The hungry he hath filled with good things,
and 16he hath broken the arms£
\
of the proud. Since,
1)•
therefore, He hath confirmed not only for the faithful
but also for the
, £
16 faithless the record of the ancient
narratives, even He, the Doer of wonders, the Doer of
great things, the Lord of the universe, the Maker of
£
£
^,

11-§&,
16
^
the whole \(1,
world, the Almighty, the All-gracious, the
'§,
^^
^
—
^; \
one and only God—let us sing to Him the new song,_
supplying in thought this also : To him who

^
: \1alone
'

doeth great wonders : for his mercy endureth for

:

^&^,
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ever .... \11smote great kings, . . . and
. . to him which . . .

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&
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. .

& &£
.

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. . . for he remembered us in our low estate, .. ..
and hath delivered us from our adversaries.'
"
" And may we never cease to praise aloud in these
£
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words the Father of the universe. But as for Him who

1:\1§£ ,
is the second cause of our good things, who brought
\1
. .

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men to the knowledge of God, the Teacher of
£ \1, £
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piety, the Destroyer of the wicked, the Slayer of
^,
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tyrants, the Emender of human life,
when we were in despair, even Jesus,
£,our Saviour
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£ 1)§the

.
His name upon our lips ; for He alone, as being
^, 11-§ £ 11-§
;

one only, all-gracious Son of an all-gracious Father,

^
^
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, \1 anywhere lay low

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,
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1£ £
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,
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sick
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,
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,
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putrifying, but even lying among the dead ; for none
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403
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ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, X. iv. 11-14

^
'^ ,^
,
,
"
&, ,
..
1. 1 - 14

other in heaven possessed such strength as &§ to minister

unscathed for the salvation of so many. He, then, it
was who alone laid hold upon the grievous suffering
of our corruption, alone endured our sorrows, alone
\16(166;
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- ^§,§%.
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- ^ \ ^*
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^
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ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, X. w. 14-16

&,
one time \)

^&^
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,
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1)38168 ordinances of impious rulers ; yea
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^ , 8,
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"
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^
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appearing caused to vanish into nothingness whatso-

ever \8
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\&8

11
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^ "
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&, & ^ 8 & 1£11\

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record His righteous acts and His victories over the
impious ones, in imperial characters in the midst of
^ *1»is Empress among the cities of the world.\.
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most exalted on the earth, not as

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Greek and barbarian, with votive offerings of his 18

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33 '3
3 \,
Truly venerable and great are these same things,
worthy of amazement and wonder, and in themselves
13
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even now He spake, and they were made 3(1 ; He
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ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, X. iv. 20-23
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X. .
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY,. iv. 23-26
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418
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ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, X. iv. 26-28
26-28 ..
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bath formed this magnificent temple of God most
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415
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28-32 . .
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1)7 men was such as we have seen ; so that the

\
prophecy of Isaiah calleth aloud unto her in these
words : ' Be §1,
:
'
glad, 0 thirsty desert ; let the desert re-
joice and blossom as a lily ; and the desert places shall
1)1813.
..
VOL. II
II
.

P
;

blossom forth and rejoice. . . . Be strong, ye hands that

. . ^, ;
;

-
417
*17
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above)
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Is. 35
8.
above)
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'1'1 t. 3,
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above)
3, 55
(8
35 (see

418
418
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yip) ,
 ,
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66861 ^^, ,' ,
^,
, ^,
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, X. iv. 32

hang down, and ye palsied 168.

ye feeble-hearted, 1)6
34
32-34 . .
knees. Be of good courage,
be strong, fear not ; behold, our ;
-
'

16
1>16 ,§&& &. ^.
^
&
God recompenseth judgement, and will

-, . .
\11 recompense ;
he will come and save you. . . . For,' saith he, ' water
.

broke out in the desert, and a stream in thirsty ground.

16 waterless place shall become marsh-meadows,
And the
'
;

&
and upon the thirsty ground shall be
1) a fountain of water.'
.

^, &
\), 1§
^, had been 1)
^
" Now these things, foretold long ago,
"

\
&\. ,, \1\&^\1,
recorded in the sacred books in words ; howbeit the
deeds have come down to us no longer by
;

1) hearsay,

^
but in actual fact. This desert, this waterless place,
1)111

(1\6
this widowed and defenceless one, whose gates they

- {1\ with axes as in a thicket of trees ; whom

cut down ;

\1 ^-
together with hatchet and hammer they brake (1\ ;
1)&1 down

&&
;

^
whose 1)1books also they destroyed and set on fire the
"
- , ^ \ &^
sanctuary of God ; they profaned the dwelling-place

& , \1
£
\
;

&
of His name to the ground ; whom all ; 11 they which
pass 1)7
by the way did pluck, having before broken down 1)1
\) "
" ,
her fences, whom the boar out of the wood did ravage

, &,; & ,
\1
\
and on whom the solitary wild beast
now \)
1)1: did feed :
£
by the miraculous power of Christ, when He \1
:

&. ^
also \)
,
willeth it, hath 1)[6
become as&a\\.
by His command, as
,\1
£
.
lily. For at that time
& of a careful father, she was
chastened. For whom the Lord loveth He chasteneth,

,^
and scourgeth every son whom He receiveth. So
\)§ corrected in due measure, once
then, after being
63,
&,
, ,8\-&^ && , &^-
more again she is bidden
1)1
1)(1(1 anew to rejoice, and she
blossoms forth as &a 11}^ &, 1)&118 upon all
lily and breathes &11 men of

her divine, sweet odour ; for, saith he, water broke

;

£
1)1
out in the desert, the streams of the divine regenera-
"

& &;
\ &1§\ £ 1)681 ; and
tion that the washing of salvation bestoweth ;

1)
that which

§
\11 a, short time before
3.1-£\8,
1)"6 was desert hath now
become marsh-meadows, and &a fountain of living
water bath 1)5>1
\\ £11 upon the thirsty ground ; and
burst forth
"
;

4 19
419


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Matt. 24,
24,158
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^. ,
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, X. iv. 31-37
34-37

1§
. .

& ,^,
in very truth hands that before 1)6£6 hung down have
1)6 ^, £ 16
^ &; 1§ ^ \66 6
become strong, of the strength of which \11 hands these

16 ^,
great and manifest works are tokens. Yea, and the
knees that long ago were diseased and relaxed have
£^£
recovered their natural movement, and go straight
\£(1
&^
16 6 . ^
forward upon the way of the knowledge of God,
£ &11-§& Shepherd,
basting to the flock of the all-gracious
their true home. But if through the threats of the

\ >,
&,
1€

^ 6 ^, ^ &
tyrants the souls of some have waxed numb, not even
&^
these cloth the saving Word pass by as incurable, but
right well lie healeth them also and urgeth them on
1)1;

§ &^, -&, ^, &§

towards the divine encouragement, saying : ' Be of

\
'
:

good courage, ye feeble-hearted, be strong, fear not.' .'

^ ^,
^\&1)&^,,&^ 1)<&1 &&
" \(1 which prophesied that she whom God
" The word
£(1 desert was
had made \£ to enjoy these blessings, this

&, ^ &,
our new and goodly Zerubbabell heard with
011 \11 the sharp
hearing of his mind, after that bitter captivity and
the abomination of desolation ; nor did he pass by
; \)
\1
\&
the corpse as dead, but 1) first of all&11 with entreaties
and prayer he propitiated the Father with the common
&1§ 11\-
&his Ally and Fellow-
consent of you 11
\.
worker Him \1
all ; and taking as

&
;

(^
who alone can quicken the dead, he
raised up her that had fallen, having first cleansed and
1
^, ;
healed her of her ills ; and he clothed her with a
-
,
;

garment, not the old one that she had from the be-
§^,
ginning, 1) 1\
\11 such a one as he was once more
but with
\1
^, ,
instructed by
:
'
)^ the divine oracles, which thus clearly

.'§\
say : And the latter glory of this house shall be
greater than the former.'
- §\
1)

much ^.'*
" i.e.
2
.. than that occupied by
description €6
;
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here given (§§
8€5
^
(§§ 37-45)
37-45) is
.
"" Thus, then, the whole area that he enclosed was
larger.2 The outer enclosure he made strong
&^ 1)7 the previous church. The
8 the earliest account
£
\6 possess of the structure and furniture of a Christian
church.
421
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422
422
 ,
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be a most secure
1)6
..
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, X. iv. 37-40
37-40

&1 ^
\11, so that it might
with the wall surrounding the whole,

^&, & ,
\16 he spread
860116 defence thereof ; while
out a porch, great
"
^
^^6£ and
&&
3. raised aloft, towards the rays
--£
of the rising sun, and even to those standing far out-

§,
\1 ^ ,
\1 , ^; &
side the sacred precincts supplied no scanty view of

, ,
\1} is within ; thus, one might say, turning
that which

^
^ ;

£ 3.§6
the gaze, even of strangers to the faith, towards the

^
first entrances, so that none might hastily pass by

& - \1\& & ,^,;

without first having his soul mightily struck by
memory of the former desolation and the wondrous
miracle of to-day ; struck
;1^1^ by 1
1) the

\) which he hoped that

&&&&. \ &
;

perchance such 3,a one would also &1 be1) impelled, and
have his steps turned forwards \) \). sight,
by the bare

^ &&-,&8
^
towards the entrance. Now he hath not permitted

,
places within ; but

&^
;
^& 1\11
him that passeth inside the gates to tread forthwith
\1
& ^
with unhallowed and unwashen feet upon the holy

&, 1) hath left a space exceeding large

between the temple and the first- entrances, and
adorned it all \;1four transverse colonnades,
&11 around with
§6,
fencing the place into a kind of quadrangular figure,
& \\§the spaces
^
16 , ^
1)6\
^ - ;&
with pillars raised on every side, and filling
1)6 1^^6-^1^
between them with wooden barriers of lattice-work

^ &^., ,
rising to a convenient height ; and in the midst

open to the rays of %1.

;

thereof he bath left an open space where men can

^
symbols of sacred purifications, )^
^;
\§ \&
^-
,
see the sky, thus providing it with air bright 1)§11; and
light. And here he hath placed
by erecting fountains
right opposite the temple, whose copious streams of
flowing water supply cleansing to those who are

- &

. &
advancing within the sacred precincts. And this is

3
the first stopping-place for those that enter ; supply-
^ ;

ing at once adornment and splendour to the whole,

5
\11,
and a place of sojourn suited to such as are still in
need of their first instructions.
423
423
3
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424
424
 .,&,
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, X. iv. 41
" 6%, &88|^ by
" But verily, passing
&&^
44
41-44 ..
) this spectacle, he hath

^
innermost porches in still §6&16

,^ & &
under 16 " ^6 ^
thrown open passages to the temple by means of
?68,
-

1&1
greater numbers, once again
the rays of the sun placing three gates on one

, ^ ^
side, upon the middle one of which he hath bestowed
\
\ 1)6, &^^ 1)§,
1)6\6(1
a height and size that far surpasseth the two on either
£
side, and hath singled it out for special adornment

&
with bronze fastenings bound with iron and varied

&& )
embossed work, making the others a& bodyguard, as 8
\,
it were, beneath it as (^.
3. their queen. And after the
same manner he hath also ordered the number of the
porches for the colonnades on either side of £ the

^ §8
&well
&& § &
\ -&
3.1?them hath devised as
entire temple ; and above
; \11

-^
separate openings into the building

.£ 1)1(]5to give stillfurther

light ; and for these also he bath wrought a varied

&^ ^
;

^&\ .
adornment with delicately-carved wood.
,^
"" Now &8

^
as to the royal house,1 he hath builded it of
&1)& &&,
,^ ^ ,
abundant and still richer materials, eagerly desiring
to spare no expenses. I deem it superfluous for me to
describe here the length and breadth of the edifice,
1)1,the magnitude
to recount in full the brilliant beauty,

,) ,/)^
\1,,
no words can express, and the dazzling appearance of
the workmanship, yea, and the loftiness that reacheth1
heaven, and the costly cedars of Lebanon that are
placed above ; the mention of which even the divine
;

oracle doth not pass over in silence, saying : The

:
'

\ \ .'
trees of the Lord shall be §1, even the cedars of
1) glad,
.)&
Lebanon \11

) ,- ^^^
which he bath planted.'
81^more particularly of the
"" Why need I now speak
\1
perfect wisdom and art with which the building bath

,-
been ordered, and the surpassing beauty of every
part, when the witness of the eyes leaveth no place
for the instruction that cometh through the ears ??
^ , ^ should say,
Or, as we£18 ^» " basilica."
"1)»1."
&
425
425
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.6. the basilica was
68)1 88, &^^^
8,
\8 provided with additional rooms, for
various ecclesiastical purposes, which adjoined the main
,
building, &, the church proper.
1)1(1^, or, as we should say,
426
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,
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, X. iv. 44-46

Nevertheless, &^
1188,
adorned it with
16
,
£ ^,
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the presidents, and likewise

,
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44 46..
having thus completed the temple he

&^
-

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\11 benches arranged
in order throughout in a& convenient manner ; and

&, ^
;

'
after \\
all these he hath placed in the midst the holy
£
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of holies even the altar, and again surrounded this
part also, that the multitude might not tread thereon,
\1
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with a3, fence of wooden lattice-work, delicately
wrought with the craftsman's utmost skill, so as to

^,,, ^
present a marvellous spectacle to those that see it.
" Nor did even the pavement, as one might suppose,

-
escape his care. This also, for example, he 11;1
exceeding 1)11
hath made
.

brilliant with every kind of fair marble ;

&8§
;

3 ^-^^
and then, finally, passing on outside the temple as
13) 3.8

well,

/ 3
1)1^
\11, he hath constructed chambers and buildings on
^, \11 he hath skilfully
either side, very large, the which

^^ ^
11\17

,
joined together to the sides of the royal house," and
&1
\1
,
These also were wrought by
Solomon, who 31(1

\ ,^\1\ , -
13
1)1(1§.
united with the openings into the central building.
1>7 our most peaceful
builded the temple of God, for those
who still have need of cleansing and sprinkling with
water and the Holy Spirit, insomuch that the afore-
-«

1),. \ ^
said prophecy 2^ is ^ no longer a word only, but 1) is18

.
become a fact. For the latter glory of this house
,
hath become, and in truth even now is, greater than

,- ^,
^
the former.
\8 meet and right that, as her Shepherd
"" For it was
and Lord had suffered once for all
11 death on her behalf,

§ 1)7 with
and after the Passion had changed the foul body

-&
which He had clothed Himself for her sake into His
30§1 the very
1), and brought
splendid and glorious body,
flesh that was dissolved from corruption into incor-

z2 §5 36.
36.

427
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428
428
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ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, X. w. 46-49

£, ^ . ^
ruption, she also likewise
&^
,
£
46-49

the dispensations of the Saviour. For verily having

£
received from Him a promise of much better things

&^ ; ,
than even these, she longeth to receive as
,
..
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1§8
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^&
^ ^&. ^
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lastingly and for the ages
&§68 that are to come, the much
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&, "&\1 1) ^,
an incorruptible body, in the company of
"
£ the choir
of the angels of light in the kingdoms of God beyond
^1
the heavens, with Christ Jesus Himself her supreme
£

saith
,
Benefactor and Saviour. But meanwhile in the
present time she who

^ ^
1)
deserted hath been robed by

^ &, ^
)1) 1§ 1)
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these blossoms, and is become in truth as a lily,
&^
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^& " 1)
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<1; us listen to her as &8 she saith :
Let my soul rejoice in the Lord ; for he bath clothed
£ £
;

me with the garment of salvation and the cloke of

^^
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\^ \, , 3\} , 31
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all the nations.'
before 31
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430
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. ,^
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, X. iv. 49-52

^&-& 6.
,,& ,
shalt thou remember no more. . .. Not as
"81
.
49-52

&8 a wife
forsaken and faint-hearted hath the Lord called thee,

\1 ^
&5 a wife hated from her youth, saith thy God.

&, .
For a little time I forsook thee ; and with great mercy
I will have mercy on thee. In a little wrath I hid
^
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. . .
..
;

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,
my face from thee, and with everlasting mercy I will
have mercy on thee, saith the Lord who

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. .

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staggering, the bowl
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.
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drained .
&§ it. And there was none to comfort thee
\1 & &
among all
was none to take thee\)
1)0§ forth ;
11 thy sons whom thou hast brought
and there \& by the hand. .. .
Behold 1I have taken out of thine hand the cup of
. . . .

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staggering, 1)\1 of my fury ; and thou shalt no
^.
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of them that did thee wrong and of them that

humbled thee. . . . Awake, awake, put on strength,

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gathered together and came to thee. As I live,
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,
1)^81 with them as
as with an ornament, and gird thyself
&8 &8 \1
^^
with the ornament of a 1). 1)desolate and
bride. For thy
destroyed and ruined places shall now 1) be too strait
,\
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8\11\
swallow thee up shall 1)
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by reason of them that inhabit

\ be far away from thee. For \7 . 8,

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may \11.'
dwell.' And thou shalt say in thine heart, who
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but as for these, who hath brought
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(€18:)

32
2
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432
Eusebius 65 of£ the
(Christ) who assists the Bride (the Church).
\£1 as the restoration
56)3 means that wonderful &$
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ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, X. iv. 52-56

,
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52 56

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661
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31
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,&
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thus addresseth His Bride, the sacred and Holy
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"
,
your hands in the common prayers of you all,
awake and raise up her who
£\1;6

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6 ^
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amazement, especially in the eyes of such as take
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the rational prototypes of these things, and their

-
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spiritual edifice in our souls. This edifice the Son of
God Himself created in His own
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divine likeness, an incorruptible nature, an essence
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church is,
6
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18, more wonderful is the restoration of the soul,
inasmuch as » the spiritual is the archetype or prototype of
the material.
483
433
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2.
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6, 16
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ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, X. iv. 56-60

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56-60. .
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^ .'
\11 in them ;
confesseth : I will dwell in them, and walk
'

be their God, and they shall be

^
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1) my people.'
Such then, is the perfect and purified soul, 13
801, thus

^ & ^\
1)6§6 1)6§^ so
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"6
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& -,
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^ ( ,
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the truly divine sanctuary of God on fire, and have
\1
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^ . ;

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^& & , & 1)§

ground ; then they buried the hapless one in a&

of all hope of salvation.

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&
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& ,^- ^
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to the loving-kindness of an all-gracious

4,35
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ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, X. Iv. 60-62

supreme Emperors, 1))

&
60-62..
First, then, choosing unto Himself the souls of the

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by means of these men most
1)66 of God He cleansed the whole
dearly beloved

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^ ,&,
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& &
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^
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clear the place of the understanding of all
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11 of you,

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, ,
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&11 to fit into its place, at
&
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,
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the precious and costly stones ; so
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1)

^
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:
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^,, ^ ^,
^ ^,
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jasper, and thy gates of crystals, and thy wall
) \11 of

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choice stones, and all 11 thy sons taught of God, and in
great peace thy children : and in righteousness shalt
thou be 1) built.'
:

437
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ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, X. iv. 63-65..
63-65

^
,&
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\1 possess the divine vision of that which is inner-

,
who

,
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^, ^
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with
\) the

\11 pillars much greater than the outermost, from

\1
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the innermost mystic teachings of the Scriptures,

- \ \1

,&'&
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&
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&.
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;

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,
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& &1)
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, &
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439
439
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ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, X. iv. 65-68
65-68

11-\§: £
builded

^
&&^ - ,
1§
bright and full of light both
1)§11; -
well-wrought stones of men's souls. Thus he
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"
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;

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.:
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&
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3,11, as

[§8^]
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^,
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^- &
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& &
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^&^^,
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1)

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€[ \1 &
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1)
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\1^1
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1-1)§
all?'
? ^ Standing
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^18, the only-begotten of God,
&
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8\-11^
hands the sweet-smelling incense from all, &11, and the

-
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and sendeth them on their way to the heavenly
Father and God of the universe ; whom He Himself

\
;

first adoreth and alone rendereth to His Father the

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81
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typifies the spiritual sanctuary (i.e. )

(.«. the soul) of Jesus
^^88

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,
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412
442
 ..
.
,
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, X. iv. 68-71

Him to remain
68-71 ..
63,favourable and propitious toward us
&
all for ever.
"
"
§6&
is 16
Such 18

-
§6
,
&&&, ^^- '^ \,
the great temple which the Word, the
great Creator of the universe, hath builded through-
;
this spiritual &§6
"
image upon earth of
&;
the vaults of heaven ; so that by
&&,1§
;

. &
\(1 beneath the sun, forming again
out the whole world

&
^&
1>6
£ those vaults beyond
\16 creation,
1) the whole

&
and by
\) the rational, living creatures upon earth His
16 ^;
Father might 1)6
6§ &, &
be honoured and revered. But as & for
^ ,& &1) the heavens and the models there
the region above
"
, &3.1)1 §1 ^^181I that is
of things on this earth, and the Jerusalem
&1),
above, as it is called, and the mount Zion the

1§ ,
heavenly mount, and the supramundane city of
"
living God, in which innumerable hosts of angels in
" the
13

)1&\,\1
\1
general
&
6§ &^ &
§63,1assembly and the church of the firstborn who
are enrolled in heaven honour their Maker and the
Sovereign of 16
\
, \1
the universe, proclaiming His praises in
"
unutterable words of which \11we cannot conceive : :

& &,
these no mortal man can 03.worthily hymn, for in truth
,
& .^
&
eye saw
8£\ not, and ear heard not, nor did there enter
"
into the heart of man those same things which God

\ & , ^ -,& ^,1§8

prepared for them that love Him. Of 0£these things
now in part deemed worthy, let us all together, men

, &^&
with women and children, small and &(3 great,
§6&1;,with one
spirit and one soul, never cease to praise and acclaim

,
-
Him who

all
&11 our -
\1 is the Author of so8great blessings to us ;
\1 is very merciful to all
who

& - §, ^
, , -
diseases,

&
\1
who redeemeth
-«
€[1,
our life
\1healeth
&11 our iniquities, who

from
tion, who crowneth us with mercy and pities, who
satisfieth our
;

destruc-

011 desire with good things ; for He hath

;

\1
not dealt with us after our sins, nor rewarded us after
443
443
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I This document, quoted in §§ §§ 2-14,
" Edict of Milan," although it is,
an edict,
•
&avail?, Kai T7) govA'rjaEc jeova(av 8o-reov Too
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&£
^ &^,
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5, properly speaking, not

&
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wit, a governor, by whose edict it was\88 to be
1> made known to
444
44-4
 0080
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8 {&¥
so
;
,(6 71—. 22
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, X. iv. 71—v.

& £ &
..
8 the east is8from the west,
iniquities ; for as far as
.
far bath He removed our iniquities from us. Like
\68,

& , 8,
&8

&
that fear Him.
" Let
"
both
£ ^
as a father pitieth his sons, so the Lord pitied them

1,61; us rekindle the memories of these things

^,^ £ ,, -
^,
1>1now and for 11 all time hereafter ; yea, and let us

^;
;

1)£
,
keep before our minds night and day, through
hour and, one might say, in every breath,
11§1every
1)6&11,the Author

,
of the present assembly,
&86)1^,and this happy and most

\ ,^ &
glorious day, even the Ruler of the assembly Him-
81£
£
;

&,
self ; let us cherish and revere Him with \1;1the whole
81 ; and now let us rise and beseech
power of our soul ;

& \1\£ & -,)1

Him in loud accents, as & befitteth our earnest desire,
that He would shelter and preserve us to the end in

,^
,^,\1 £ , £
£1, and award us that eternal peace, unbroken
His fold,

^
and undisturbed, which cometh from Him, in Christ

6 . ."
Jesus our Saviour, through whom to Him be
ever and ever. Amen."
^^^for
1)6glory

£16,1>\
. ^/£
(^
V. But come, let us now quote also the translations
£
made from the Latin of the imperial ordinances of
Constantine and Licinius.

§ £
€/ /
Copy of Imperial Ordinances translated from the

\£1 ,
^§. , §,
Latin tongue.'

\1
£
In our watchfulness in days gone by
be denied, 1)
of worship should not 1)
)^that freedom
but that each one
according to his mind and purpose should have
£
&

^: ^^
110^^given him to care for divine things in the
authority

&.' ^,.
the people"
313 (ix.

,
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(. 11.9),
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instructions to governors which might be
some variations in (&,
,» " \
One redaction of that norm was translated by
{
\1
5
1) copied, with perhaps
detail, and sent to the various provinces.
1)Eusebius,
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secutorum 48).
48).
445
445
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cf. §§ 6,
446
446
 ,
& &^
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, X. .
v. 2-6
2-6 .
—

. ;&&
\6 had given orders &;
\.
31;1
€ [
way that pleased him best,
1)6;, we
both to the Christians [and to all 1)6
that
&11 others liberty should
16 own
0\ sect
-
&11\6(1]^ to 166
be allowed]'
& 16 faith of their
keep to the

& &
1)€

&\
and worship. But inasmuch as&many and various con-

,\& ^ 2

&
ditions ^ seemed clearly to have 1)66
80,

^ \
been added in that re-
script, in which such rights were conceded to the same
-

& ,
persons, it may 1) " them were
be that perchance some of
shortly afterwards repelled from such observance.
"" When I Constantine Augustus and I Licinius
)8&,
§88 &,
£3.§ ^ ^
Augustus had come under happy auspices to Milan,

,&
and discussed 11all matters that concerned the public
advantage and §(1,
,'
&
good, among the other things that
seemed to be of benefit to the many,'—or rather,
{"; - —
first and foremost—we resolved to make such decrees

&, ^
as should secure respect and reverence for the Deity ;,
1)
namely, to grant both to the Christians and to all
£ 11\§ \1& \1
&11
" worship
;

&,\8 &
the free choice of following whatever form of

^&^^&^
they pleased, to the intent that all &11 the divine and
heavenly powers that be 1) might be £&&1)1 to us
1) favourable
and all those living under our authority. . Therefore ,
\1
\1 &
whomsoever to follow

§& \& §& ,

- & &
with sound and most upright reasoning we
on this * counsel : that authority be
& , & & &7
' :
\8 resolved
\)6refused to no one
11\ and choose the observance or
form of worship that Christians use, and that authority

"
& ^-
be granted to each one to give his mind to that form

&- & & ^.

of worship which he deems suitable to himself, to

&
the intent that the Divinity s^

^& \ & & &1§ &,

.. may in all
.. .
.

afford us his wonted care and generosity. It was

&11 things

{),8
»
fitting to send a& rescript that this is our pleasure, in
order that when those conditions had altogether been

^, ^
' Lat. })8
,). 8'
(pluribus omnibus).
* &.
.
^. pluribus kominibus ; the Gk. has Ey roXXols dracnv
;

Omitting illierepav, with the Latin.

4

The Latin adds " "cuius religioni liberis

5
5 )3 )€1-
1)€3mentibus obseryui-
.'*
mur."
417
447
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^
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2
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:
^,
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.&^
86
,
, ,^ ,
,
—

ECCLE
SIASTICAL HISTORY, X. .
ECCLESIASTICAL

6§ -
removed, which \66

^
.
v. 6-9

were contained in our former letters

sent to thy Devotedness, concerning the Christians,

\ & ^,^\)
\11 seemed to be
—

'
those things also which 1) wholly
\111) unfortu-
nate and foreign to our clemency might be 1) removed,

:& ,
^1\\^ &, ^
"
and that now each one of those who

, —
of the same purpose—namely, to observe the
)6 —
Christians' form of worship—should observe this
^, .
\1 were possessed

\11; any hindrance.

very thing, freely and simply, without
\1
Which things we have resolved, to signify in the

\ & ^&
fullest manner to thy Carefulness, to the intent that

8& 01&
\
perceivest that this has 1)
" .^&- &
thou mayest know that we have granted to these
same Christians free and unrestricted authority to
observe their own form of worship. And when thou \1
1&8 been granted unrestrictedly

}^,
to them by
§)& ,
\) us, thy Devotedness will understand ^
1) \1
^&
that authority has been given to others also, who
\1 £11\ their own observance and form of
\1
wish to follow

—
)& \1
worship—a thing clearly suited to the peacefulness

&
of our times—so that each one may have authority
to choose and observe whatever form he pleases.
& 1) &.\
, ^
This has been done )^

^
,
should not seem to have detracted in any way from

,
&,,\ \& &)1,
\1.
any rite 2* or form of worship.
" And this, moreover, with special regard to the
\
by us, to the intent that we

&
it was their former wont to assemble, concerning
\1
which also in the former letter dispatched to thy

&
\11
Christians, we resolve : That their places, at which
:

Devotedness a definite ordinance 3» had been formerly

& \,
& \1
&& 1)§1 them
£7 should appear to have bought
laid down, if any

&
either from our treasury or from any other source—
that these they should restore to these same
Christians without payment or any demand for com- -
^. - /. €) %
a3 Lat. cfrta forma. Eusebius has rriros erfpos,
^€$, as && if he
1€ had
,.
read cetera in the Latin.
,.
VOL. II Q 449
4«9
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11688
§,
and if
. 9-13
LESIASTICAL HISTORY, X. v.

86§
pensation, setting aside all
9-13

^^ &
.
&11 negligence and doubtful-
£ any chance to have received them by
gift, that they should restore them with all speed to
these same Christians : provided that if either those
:

§
who have purchased these same places or those who
^ •1
§-
\)

,
&
€[68aught of our gener-
have received them by )^ gift request
,^
be

&& ^& .
£
osity, let them approach the prefect of the district,'
1§1
to the intent that through our kindness thought may
1) taken for them also. All \1
11which things must he
"
handed over to the corporation of the Christians by

& &
"" And inasmuch as

&8)1,
^
only those places at which it was

,
assemble, 1) & 1\
\1; ^.
thy zealous care immediately and without delay.

, & these same Christians had not

^;
\£ their wont to
\)&

\)

&
&, , &,
but also are known to have had others,
1)6^^ not to individuals among them, but to
belonging
,*

& , , ,&
£
the lawful property of their corporation, that is, of
"
\1 ),€[68 §
the Christians, all &11 these, under the provisions of

, \
1\ set forth above, thou wilt give orders to be
the law
\1&
restored without any question whatsoever to these
\)

&,
,

,
same Christians, that is, to their corporation and

&
-
&8)1 £ & aforesaid,
, -
assembly ; provided always, of course, as

&,
;

compensation, 3,8 &

that those persons who restore the same without
\ as we have mentioned above, &1>, may
^.^
^
&& concerned,

,
look for indemnification, &8 as far as
&8 they are
from our generosity.
" In all
" &11 these things thou shouldest use all &11 the

& &-
,^ ,^ ,
diligence in thy power for the above-mentioned
"
corporation of the Christians, that this our com-

. &8
mand may be fulfilled with &11 \1
all speed, so that in this

, ^^ &^. (
also, through our kindness, thought may be
£
for the common and public peace. For by this
\
method, as we have also said before,
1
^ §1
\) taken

1)£, the divine

Omitting the gloss B_ IK_ t,OPTI.
^

451
 ,

^
EUSEBIUS

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^
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, .^€-
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AaBeiv Svv7?9i,j."

ANTIPPA4>ON ETEPAI BAMIAIKHE AIATA;E:EHE FIN

ATOII HEHOIHTAI, MONHI THI KAHOAIKHI EK- -

,
KAHEIAI THN M2PEAN AEAOZIE)AI THOIHMH-

€, ,
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- ^,
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8
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-
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' AvvAZve TljACCLTaTE. CIOEV flovAOttE0a , *
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van)
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v gKcio-Tacs 7rOAcac ij* Kai a'AA0,s. TO77OGS"

, -
-
[Kai] KaT1XOLVTO VOV 71 1i7TO 77'0ALTCUV 71

.,,^,
8C10Ep011

' -
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wpOTEpov (3.x71Keaccv, Ta) &KaL airraiv ciwoKara-
aTaffilvaL. 07TOTE Toivvv avvopri KaBoalwats 7)
co") Tairrns 7 7haCtiv T715 KeAetlaEcos aagSgararov Etvat

8633.
here by Eusebius.
452
^
TO 7Tpciarayfia, crvat!,8agov, ELTE 47TOG ELTE OLKLaL
^ The Latin original shows that some words are
&& omitted
& ^,
^-^. ,
^.
&&
. IS-17
LESIASTICAL HISTORY, X. v. .
13-17

^
care for us, which we
&68,
many matters, will

^^
\6have already experienced in
\11remain stedfast 1^ . . . continually.
.

And that the form which this our enactment and

-
generosity takes may be
1§ 1)§
. .

1)6 brought to the knowledge

£
of all,

&
6
be

)^
&11, it is
1)6 set forth by
1\1§
3
18 fitting that this which we have written

;
1)§1 to the knowledge of 11,
and brought
\1
)116(1everywhere,
1)thy order and published
"
66\166,
all, to the intent
that the enactment which embodies this our gener-
." £
osity may escape the notice of no one."
§66-

, ./€/
Copy of another Imperial Ordinance which he also

,&
made, indicating that the bounty had been granted to
the Catholic Church alone.
^, 1>16,& .
\1 ,)^ , ,
" Greeting, Anulinus, our most honoured Sir.
"

;
&
^
\1
. , \6\
,
£
It is the custom of our benevolence, that we will
that whatsoever appertains )^

when thou receivest this letter, if

\11
by right to another
should not only not suffer harm, but even be
1)restored,
most honoured Anulinus. Wherefore we will that, &;,
^; £"
£ aught of those

-&
1)1§
,
things that belonged to the Catholic Church 2* of the

& ,&
Christians in any city, or even in other places, be1)
now in the possession either of citizens or of any ^
^
others : these thou shouldest cause to be
:

,
\>restored
forthwith to these same churches, inasmuch as
1)6 our determination that those things which
been

,^
& it has
\1

& ;,&€&,:
these same churches possessed formerly should be

&
restored to them as ^.
thy Devotedness perceives that the order of this
our command is most explicit, do thy

1)5( &^)
2 Eusebius (see heading) 1:1^
1)
& their right. Since, therefore,
\\diligence that
took this to mean the Catholic
-1

.
2

Church 3.3
as opposed to the Donatist schismatics ; but 3
1)1; this is
;

very 1)1)1.
improbable. The phrase refers to the Church in Africa
8
as it &8 before
11 was 1)6£the schism.
1>€£€the persecution and before
453
453
 ^, '
EUSEBIUS
^

.,,
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,
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'•
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'

/
ANTIPPAON BAEIAIKHE EHIETOAHE AI' HE ETNOAON ]

EIIIEKOHON EIII KEAETEI PENEEOAI THEP

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1
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The
^^^^1^
(
' EKEZCTE

16Donatists (so called from a&bishop of theirs, Donatus)

alleged that Caecilian 1)6consecrated by a bishop (Felix)
had been
who in the Diocletian persecution had proved himself a
()
454
454
 ^,
.
all things,
66
whether
ever belonged
1)6§6(1 to these
be restored to them with
1)6
^ 80, .
. 17-19
EiLESIASTICAL HISTORY, X. v. 17-19

\161 gardens or buildings

;-,&
816 churches by
1686 same

;. ;
\18-
1)1(§8 or whatso-
& & §1,
\) right,
\1 all speed ; so that we
\6 may

,
learn that thou hast yielded the most careful obedi-
)6(1-
ence to this our order. Fare thee well, Anulinus,
our most honoured and esteemed Sir." ."

§ 8/ ,,/^^. //
&,&" &
€/
Copy of an Imperial Letter, in which he commands

& ^
/
the holding of a Synod of bishops at Rome on behalf
of

&, & )6
/" the union and concord of the churches.

, " Constantine Augustus to Miltiades bishop of the

•\ &^ ,^ ,
Romans, and to Mark. Inasmuch as documents of
such &a nature have been sent to me in numbers by
"
Anulinus, the right honourable proconsul of Africa,
\:)

^
& ,
&^, &^
from which it appears that Caecilian, 1 the bishop of the

,
city of the Carthaginians, is called to account on

-
many charges by
and inasmuch &

^^ ,
1) some of his colleagues in Africa ;
as it seems to me to be
matter that in those provinces, which

& &
and \16

^
,^
1) a very serious
\11 Divine Provi-
)6 £
dence has chosen to entrust to my Devotedness,
where there is a great number of people, the
multitude should be 1) found pursuing the worse course
;

, \ ,
£ , \,
§1)1
& it were, and the bishops at

,
of action, splitting up, as

, ; ^,
variance among themselves : it seemed good to me
:

that Caecilian himself, with ten bishops, who \1 seem

^ ,, ^^
to call him to account, and such ten others as he
may deem necessary to his suit, should set sail for
Rome, that there a hearing may be 1)6 granted him in

.^ ^ &'.\^
,
the presence of yourselves, and moreover of Reticius
and Maternus and Marinus also, your colleagues
i.e. had surrendered up the Scriptures to the pagan
traditor, .6.
authorities. Hence they held that
was invalid ; and 1)
;
&; Caecilian's consecration
1)5 of
by appointing a bishop £ their own in 13
stead began what,is known as the Donatist schism.
his

455
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} ^
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ANTIPPA4DON EAMIAIKHZ EIII2TOAHM AI' HE IIPOM-

,\
TATTEI AETTEPAN PENEMOAI ZTNOAON THEP TOT
HAZAN TON EIIIEKOHON IIEPIEAEIN AIXOZTAMIAN
"
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^
TOLITUW
ICA1701177COV CITTO T7f S
This is
1
8 the reading of ^
'AckpcKils Taw

& \&
£ the Latin and some mss. 33. of

& ..
^

16 and also in §§ 24
Eusebius here 24 ; 6..5
; 6. 5 ; in each case Schwartz
\

reads the fut. indic.

46
456

1
 .88.80, .
&&&^-^-
. 19
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, X. v. 21
19-21

(\1 &
-

),
(whom I have ordered to hasten to Rome for this

,6&& 6, &
purpose), in such a manner as
1)6 \1
8 ye may perceive to
be in accordance with the most sacred 1&\.
law. Never-

,
theless, that ye may have the fullest knowledge of

^^
all
&11 these same matters, I have subjoined

1
^.
he will
"

\11 gauge by what &-

1)^^6(1 to my letter
\6
copies of the documents that were sent to me by

,
Anulinus, and have dispatched them to your afore-
\1
said colleagues. Which when your Firmness reads,

& &1)-
\1&method the most careful
"
1))
£

, ^
investigation can be
1) made of the above-mentioned

:^
suit, and a just decision arrived at ; since it does '-
£
;

not escape the notice of your Carefulness that the

\}1 I pay to the lawful Catholic Church
respect which

.
'

( " ^;
\1
&
§&, that it.is my wish that ye should leave
is so great,
no schism whatsoever or division in any place. May ^
&^
the divinity of the great God preserve 1^you safely
&, .^
for many years, most honoured Sirs. 2 ""

^^
8, /^^for hethegives
Copy of an Imperial Letter, in which

§ 8 orders
/
^ 8/
for the holding of a second Synod
6/
/bishops.
removing all division among the

&. "

& &,
6$.
purpose /

" Constantine Augustus to Chrestus bishop of the

^
§£ \ ^,
Syracusans. Already on a former occasion, when \1
of

\
111^
1)& and perverse manner began to create
some in a base

^,
divisions with regard to the worship of the holy and

&
&, . ^
heavenly Power and the Catholic religion, in my

§ ,; &,
^. :
desire to cut short such dissensions among them,
1)18
I had given orders to the effect that certain bishops

,
should 1)
be sent from Gaul, nay further, that the

, ^ -.
opposing parties, who were contending stubbornly

88 ^ ^^ . , \
* Gk. "

^, ; ;
" Sir "" ; but the Lat. correctly gives the plural.
568 to have been addressed princi-
The Letter, however, seems
pally to Miltiades : nothing is8 known of Mark, who is
associated with him in the opening sentence.
13

457
 —

,, €€, )
EUSEBIUS

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'.

458
4,58
 .88. , . 21
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, X. v.

^,
23
21-23 . -
;

, ,&8861)
,^& ^
and persistently together, should be

,^^
;

&^
Africa ; that so,

. 0[6
1)6summoned from
£
8, in the presence also of the bishop
of Rome, this question which appeared to have been
raised might through their coming receive a right
solution by )^ means of a& careful examination in every

&&
1)1
1)66
^
]§,
particular. But since, as&8it happens, some, forgetful
"
both

& ^ ^,
1)1 of their own salvation and the reverence they

^^ ,
\6 to their most holy religion, even now do not
owe
cease to perpetuate their private enmities, being

&& &
-
1)§ un-
willing to conform to the judgement already passed, &,
&, ^, ^^
§ &
and affirming that after all "\persons who
&11 it was a few
-
; ^ ^^
&
gave their opinions and decisions, or that they were
in a& hurry to pass judgement very speedily and sharply

& &,
without having first accurately examined all those
1)6investigated ;
&
, &
matters that ought to have been

& 1)•1^ •
and since, & as a result of all
&11 this, it has come to pass
that even those very persons, who ought to be of one "
&
)& & §-
3. separate from each
&, §&1,
8&^ § -
mind in brotherly concord, are

^ &1)&1)1,
other in a disgraceful, nay rather in an abominable,
fashion, and give to those men whose souls are
—
strangers to this most holy religion to scoir—where-
1)&
&•
\1-

,
fore it became incumbent upon me to provide that

, ^^ &, -^ ^;

).
)^ &,
& ,
that which ought to have ceased by

\,
even now, if possible, 1)
1) voluntary agree-
ment, after the judgement already passed, may

& be ended by the presence of

\
many persons. Inasmuch, therefore, as we have com-

^ &,^, &>8, ^-
1)1
manded that very many bishops from various and
numberless places should assemble at the city of
Arles \)by the Kalends of August, we have thought it

8,
1
'•
,1 "
-«
good to write to thee also, that thou shouldest procure
§\
^
& 3§
rector " of Sicily,
^

certain provinces.
13,1)1 Latronianus, the ""cor-
from the right honourable
)1
81, a public vehicle, and joining to thy
^ £
16 title of£governors of
In the fourth century this was the
459
459
, , EUSEBIUS
^-
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,
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^*
VI. ANTIPPM)ON BAMAIKHE EllIZTOAHM
VI.
XPIIMATA TAIM EKKAIIMIAI7.; AUPEITAI

" KawaTavrivos Ai;yovaToss KacKcAcavcp

*'

.
'

ipccrev KaTa 77.aaas

CI K OTT Cp XapTay 67)g . ETi ELS71rEp
brapxias, Tag TE ' AOpucas Kai ras NoviuStas Kai
711,

Tcis May/wrap/.as, /37tras TUT& TC1JV 15771113ETLIJV T7]3

HE 11

^
11.06372,ov Kai cirturd7s KaBoAcK773 OpucKelas cis
civaAcut

?<,
,

, .
t aTa '771Xop7iy710 i'jvat TL, ESw Ka ypcip.para
rrpOs 015puoll 7-31, aLaanfterraTov KaBoAcK6v
' AybpcKijs KCLi 2877AW a a COTCU o rws rptcrxcAlovs-
"

9SOAE GS 'in Cfn arcppOnrc an-aptewrigac OpovTicr-n.

cry TO AIN rrpoSnAoup,Iv7 7700.6TT)Ta 2
Tai xpwaTcov 1577o8cx0/77vac 7TOL'40"ELS, &ram, roil

rrpoapwavocs KaTa TO Pp6:nov T8 7rpOs aE v-apa

1 i.e. presbyters.
460
460
,.
& ,
, , ^& ,
company ;\
\186 "
. 23—vr.
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, X. v. 23— 22
"
.
two others of those of the second rank,'
whomsoever thou thyself mayest decide to choose,
^1^/
.

&1§ \
&
be

\ ,6
and, moreover, taking with you three servants who

66 6
shall 1)6 )6 to attend upon you on the way,
be able

,&
.&1)6-66
\ 16 &
-&,do thou
1)6 present at the above-mentioned place 1)

&
same day ; so that both
; 1)1;1by
by that
\)thy Firmness and by
" \)

,
16 unanimous wisdom of the others
the 168assembled, &6)6,
), £ \ 31
[&6 (\11hitherto, by
(^&
this quarrel also (which )^reason of certain

^
&
disgraceful contentions, has maintained a miserable

,&
existence), when all
by

, 86
1)6heard that will be
3,11 has been 1)said
\} those who are now at variance among themselves,

^ & §.&&&
,
may, £

1£•1)^
§ &
whom 11\86 \
likewise we have commanded to be 1) present,
if only tardily, give place to a due state of
religion and faith and brotherly
1)11617concord. May the
Almighty God preserve thee in good health for many
&."
"
&^

/ / / € .,
years."

&^. "

,&^
VI. Copy of an Imperial Letter in which grants of
money are made to the churches.

&, ,
/"

" Constantine Augustus to Caecilian bishop of

& 1)
Carthage. Forasmuch as

& \1&
&
§$
,it has been our pleasure in

&
the Mauretanian, that somewhat be

, 06&
(^ &
all provinces, namely the African, the Numidian and
&11
1)contributed for
"
expenses to certain specified ministers of the lawful
1§,
&,
1}
and most holy Catholic religion, I have dispatched a

£
, ^,
letter to Ursus, the most distinguished finance
&
minister of Africa, and have notified to him that he
1&(1
be careful to pay over to thy Firmness three thousand
1)
/.^ \1
folles. 2 Do thou therefore, when thou shalt secure
§
delivery of the aforesaid sum of money, give orders
that this money be

" /*\ ^, &,.-

1)distributed among all
£(1&
The follis was originally a \)

°
bag of
&\)-
&11the above-

mentioned persons in accordance with the schedule

£ small coins, 1)1;
but after-
<1)6denarius.
wards carne to denote a coin itself, the double
461
461
 EUSEBIUS

€€.
,
KAEvo-ov. €1
do
€.^€
^
e 0atov et7rocrra/Wv TabTa Ta xpr'huaTa 61,a3o0ijvai

-, ,
el '
€
8' apa rpOs TO 011/17TA1 1 pale ijVal pot) 33
€15 TOOTO 7rEpi diravTas at'Prof,s- 7rpoalpEgtv
E vOEGV TG KaTapADots, 7rapa tHpaKA€18a TOO lvt-
TpenrOV TWV VIETIpalV KT711.411TWV iiVattOtAIKTOn
€-

.
57TE p avayKalov ErVOG KaTaftdOOLS ., airijaac 80€t"AEts,

' '
Kai yap napcivri, ain-c7c) npocdraea Lv' et TL (111
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,» 8
aVEV 8taraypto0 Twos. ciiraptOtrijaat Opovri'cria.
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rvyxavov-ras aVt9pd.1770Vg TOV Aa3v
Kat KaBoAtKils
PonEo- Ocu 8cao-TplifiEtv, ylvcocrid /1,E
Kai. 4
4

ayLGOTaT173
Oman TtV1 67TOVOOEISCTEt
vvAlvcp
civ0v7rciry ciAAC1. 11,7)V Kai HaTptKLcp Tep". °infra:ply

.
TWO j'IrcipXWV irapoOcn Totati-ras vl-oAets. 8E8wKgvat
*
-
6V ' EV To is ADVITOIS &Tram, Kai TOliTOU ttciAtaTa
7rpou7)Kovaav 4ov768a 7Toojawv.rat Kai 14 civa-

8
,.
axwv-rat 7rEpcop6iv TOLOOTO ycvOp.Evov. 8t07rcp Er 55

8, -
Ttliag TOLOZ5TOln etVept67TOVC /^^ -
T7)p,avict e7TG-

, .
- , , *
ICCEVECV Ka riSots , avEV T1.1 1 S• et/4130AlaS TOGS irpo-

apnitIvois 86Kaarais irpOcr€ABE Kai at'n-O TOOT°

77p00'atiVEyKe O7Talg aziTcnis. E KELVOL KONITCp CtUTOIC
,

irapacriv Kdtevcra, 77-to--rpgikuicrtv. 7? Octdrqs. TOO

FtEyciAov Noi3 ac 8ta0vAa6at E7ri 7roAAois. &cacv."
VII.
-
VII. ANTIPPA430N BAZIAIKHE AI' HE 11 '

^,/.
TOTE, IIPOELMTAZ TON EKKAI1 Ill TIAEHZ AII0-
AEATEOAT THE IIEPI TA TIOAITIKA AETTOTPPIA2
TIPOITATTEI
€,
;
" Xalpe, 'AVUAIVE, TLIJALUTOTE ;y111 1 . E7TEL8i7 EK

"" ^,
TrActOvani wpayticiTaw sbaiveTat TrapEeovOoniOcicrav
1^

>?€ In the administration of

governor of
8
£this period, the Vicar was
>8the11€
£a&" diocese" or group of£provinces; the Prefect
462
462
8€ 166by .,
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, X. vI. 2—

^^
..
2 vii. 1I

,thou shalt
,after all,
— .

&
sent to thee \3 Hosius. But if,

€06&
;)§
find that there is

\166
ask without doubting whatsoever thou findest to be
&.
necessary from Heraclides our procurator fiscal. For
£
18 aught lacking for the fulfilment of

this my purpose in respect of them all,

&11,thou shouldest

1)

\1
-
&§ .
•,
§&

,
indeed when he was here I gave him orders that if
&1 any money from him, he

&
thy Firmness should ask
should 1>
be careful to pay it over without any scruple.

&
And since I have learnt that certain persons of

£
, , && "
unstable mind are desirous of turning aside the laity

§ -
of the most holy and Catholic Church by )^some vile
method of seduction, know that I have given such com-
£
&&
&, § \1 \
,^
-
mands to Anulinus, the proconsul, and moreover to

§
Patricius, the Vicar of the Prefects,' when they were
1•,

, ,
here, that they should give due attention in all

occurrence to be overlooked ; therefore if thou

;
&11other
matters and especially in this, and not suffer such an

^& &
)8 ^
obscrvest any such men continuing in this madness,

- -,)
§
do not thou hesitate to go to the above-mentioned
1)
1)§this matter before them, so that
judges and bring &
&

(
( . &
(as I commanded them when they were here) they

^
may turn these people from their error. May the
divinity of the great God preserve thee for many

8€8. /, ^-
&."
years.
€^ / $
VII. Copy

,
of an linperial Letter, in which he gives

&^
orders that the presidents of the churches be released from

§,\
"
& ^
all public offices.

^ ]5(
.
" Greeting, Anulinus, our most honoured Sir.
&
Since from many facts it appears that the setting at
&6&.
had under his control a still larger administrative area.

6.:,.
£ \8 in the jurisdiction of the

as associated^
Patricius as Vicar of Africa was
Prefect of Italy. His title vicarius praefectorum (pl.)
(1.) is
8 a&
\16the Prefects were regarded
relic of more ancient days, when
&16(1together in office.
463
463
 88
)€,18
OpnaKElav,€
,8'--
EUSEBIUS
Ev•^71 i KoptiOala Tng ilytarrarns
1

,
27rovpavlov al8ths vAciTTETac, itcyjAous Kti,87!)-
vous evrivoxgvat rols 87ittocrtocs Trpaypaatv al3T7jv

8 ,
TE Tat',T7 dvfMap,cos dvaATIONicrav Kai cbvAarro-
p,jvgv pc,cytaTnv Etirvxtav 'Pcopai*KCI) Owipart

^ ^
Kai mitoram, rag TO; v dv8p(inrcov Trpdyt,cacrtv le-
alpETOV eMatp,oviav TrapEoriKgvat, T(7.0 Oawv Eii-
cpycatan, TOOT() 7rapEXouowP, nOeEV jKEIVOUg TOYS
dV8pag 1- 01)$ TYj 80EtAOILIV7j (1)/LOT77Tt Kai Tfi roil
-
-

^,.^^, -
VO iLLOV TOVTOU 7rape8p4t Tag 1.57T7ipEcricts Tag
aura, Tfl TnE Odas OpnaKElas 0Epa7rEtie 7rap-

^,
xovras. TO3V KaiLdraw T6v Ta E7raOAa Kopf,-
aaa9ac, 'AvvAive Ttp,LCUTaTE. 8L07TEp EKEGVOUS Toils. 22
-

, ,--
EWUJ Tfis &apxlas 7TEITLaTEVILIV773 j1) Tn

,
Ka00AGICl2 EKKA7jaia, ^ KatiakavOs 41CITIIKEV 3 T))V
}/
aen-ci , 67r7ipEalav Tfl 441, Taiirg OpnowEict Trap-
IxovTas, OtJaITEp KATIpLi<01)3 ETrovolugetx ciaao-tv,

,, ,
a7T6 7raVTCOV et7Tae d7TACOS 71:0' v Aetrovprani yozi-
Aoptat clActrovpy4Tous 8caOvitax0fivat, &mos ji'i
Sul TWOS 7TAdV7I5 rj EeoAcaO7jaews lepoatlAov cin-6
Tijs. 0Epa7rE6as Tijs Tn OEL6T1111, 30ELA0p -
.11, 71g 1:10-
1AKCOVTaL 3 CIAJVC tta.A.Aov CLVEZI TWOS' ePDXA71CTECOS' Tci.)
181w v6/1,u) Eev7r7jpETWvraa, (limy p,EytaTnv -rrepi.
TO OEI01, Aarpdav 7r000v,ulva, 7rAc6crov Ocrov Tag
8. *-
,
Kotvois vpay,u,aat. OVVOtUEGV SoK€1. 'Avv-
AINE, TGIUCtiTaTE Kai -rroOetvOTaTe ."
^' ,
VIII. TotafiTa jGEv otiv 7)12,1,v
VIII. Oda Kai oOpavtos 1

&a
' ,
Tijs rot; erarrijpos 75,ua1v 6n0avElas E8WpEaTO
!^
roaaj7-77 7-€ ci7raolv civ0pUnrots ciyaBeav et00ovia
. 8
ihuci4pas d7rpvTavEOETo Elp4v-qs. Kai 658€
/LEV Ta Ka0' 7)p,as. EV EZOpoo-tivacs Kai 7ravriyelpEcnv 22
461
46"1
00>80. 80, . . 1—.
^
, £
^ -
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, X. vu. 1—viii. 22

;\, \11 ^;
^&
^ -
naught of divine worship, )^
[\]
preserved, has 1)§1

&& ^)
by which the highest rever-
ence for the most holy and heavenly [Power] is

&, &
^^ § §\1
)1 brought great dangers upon public
£\\1 restoration and preserva-
affairs, and that its lawful
1)6\
tion have bestowed the greatest good fortune on the
Roman name and singular prosperity on all &11 the affairs

of mankind (for

8
1)^
)8 ,( \1,
bestows these blessings) : it has seemed good that
:

&
(£ it is the Divine Providence which

\&(1
\1
, &,

,
.
those men who, with due holiness and constant
observance of this law, bestow their services on the
performance of divine worship, should receive the

\6 - , ,
rewards of their own labours, most honoured Anulinus.
Wherefore it is my wish that those persons who,
within the province committed to thee, in the Catholic
1)\
Church over which Caecilian presides, bestow their
^&^^11^^

86 \1 — \1 &
- & ,
service on this holy worship—those whom they are
— £ be 1^^

,;
accustomed to call clerics—should once for all 1) kept
&1)811:7
; \1 & \ &§
absolutely free from all &11 the public offices, that they
be

-
\) not drawn away by
from the worship which

\ &\1
\) any error or sacrilegious fault
\11 they owe to the Divinity, but
rather without any hindrance serve to the utmost

,& &&
1)1;

,
their own -.

1)
law. For when they render supreme service
to the Deity, it seems that they confer incalculable
&.
benefit on the affairs of the State. Fare thee well,
&
\ ^1)\ &
VIII.
."
Anulinus, our most honoured and esteemed Sir."

<
VIII. Such then were the gifts that the divine and
§&
\11,

§&.} ^
&^,
& & \£
& §
heavenly grace of our Saviour bestowed upon us by
His appearing, and such was the abundance of good
things that the peace which came to us procured for
all
&11 mankind. And thus our happy state was
brated
1) )18. --
\& cele-
with rejoicings and festive assemblies. Never-
465
465
 EUSEBIUS
€€€•
€

€€ (Lawcp €
',,^-
&EMT°. ol3K iv 8E Jpa TLO it 1.00 K Cay 019climp

€
-re 9k o7rov7;p39 8ali.tovt ckop7)7-63
€,
6,4
TCV V Opa3gvaw
ae.,U AcKtvvly 7rpOs. ad)Opova
Aoytaiu,Ov &ijyxavev ain-c'Epwq 7a Tag 71-pOo-Ocv
€ -
8E8T1kotigvots. Tupcivvois o-vitfleAriKOTa. as et; Oe-

KCOVUTCCVTGVOV 8evrepE6cov /-^•

€
po itigns Tijc cipx77s. ativ.1) 13aatAjan TE itcyciAov
€
7rtya[1.13plas TE

, ,
Kai avyyEvcias Tijs- dvan-CITa) -qecw[avos-, [1312.4-

T a , CICIE13a)V TV pCiVVOJV -
crews- [-ay Tijs- Tcliv KaAa., 1317TEAGI1,17 ciVET 0 ,
oxffriplas KaKo-

/
Tporrlav,

8 .
651,' TOO plOV

8 '^
KaTaaTpokv E 7TEISEV

, -
atiTas 60 OaA iudis, TOL/7 701V ZvEcreat TI) yvd,[zn

,
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,.
Tfi TOOpEITTOVOC Epp.EVECV
ScaO3TEt, oipeiTo. 3tacbOon0€13 ye' TOG TC1) 7ravEv- 3

-
TE Kat

cpyh-n, 77-6Aciaov 8tiaayii KaL O EGVOTaT01, irpOs- ai1T6v

,,-
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•
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8cavoict, Aaf3361,. 6 [al, yap aliTi[i ora 7ravayaBos- 44
^85•
PaaGAEOg Et 3 1, 0 LS' vapdxan, ciA-q0ofis atipfloAa, Guy-
yEvelas- Tfis 77-pag ctiprOv (>1)K 00(3v-qo-Ev yajiwo TE
Aa[orpCtiv 31.8cAd) ,'"R,S ILETOVCI lay OUK dn-npojaaTo,
cwia

, 8
.
Kai Tijs- EK vaTIpaw ayeveias /3aatALKoi3 TE
cive"Ka0Ev aiikaTos Kotmov8v yEvlaBat, 7'ietwacv Tfis.

, '
TE KaTa 77-fivTalv cl7mAat/etv

/
act K-q8ccrrli Kai
avi3,6aacA€1, 7apeixev T7)v eovalav, ot')K naTTov
tapos TWO Ii7TO Pco,ualovs- 01 ,(.7, v 81, g1TE
Kai, 'Stowell, KExaptatdvos.
rcivavTia 8ce1rpciTTeTo, vavrolas- OaThugpa3 KaTa

^
&.
1 Maxentius and Maximin.
,
This perhaps refers to the treaty of December 314,
a new partition of the Empire was
CL73T CI)
' 'eitmaAtv Toirrocs. 55

314, when
\5 made, and five of the
^
466
466
\1
.
,
&;
,
80,. .
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, X.

^,
2-5
VIII. 2-5

^
theless the envy that hates the good, even the demon
who loves the evil, could not endure the sight of
he 1)66 &;which
\11had happened
.
,
what 16 beheld ; as
£8 indeed that
)6-66 \
,
;

\ 1) -
to the above-mentioned tyrants I^ was not sufficient
3§
even for Licinius, to bring him to sound reason.
\1 " &
^
He who had been deemed worthy of the princi-

^3 £
pate in a state of prosperity, of

& & 11§ § ,

-
£second rank after
the great Emperor Constantine, of a connexion by
marriage and the most exalted kinship with

\18
ceased from the following of good men and zeal-
8)
ously affected the evil manners and wickedness
^& 1
\)
\1;1him,

11\
\ .&\1 .^
of the impious tyrants ; and he preferred to follow
^^1 1
;

, - ,
the judgement of those whose end he had seen
with his very eyes, rather than continue on terms
of friendship and love with his superior. Filled,
1)&,
&^&§§ & 1\ & ,
,
in fact, with envy of the common benefactor, he

§^ & §
waged an impious and most terrible war against him,
neither giving respect to the laws of nature nor be-

^. 8\
1)-
stowing a thought on sworn treaties or ties of blood or

. ,
,
& , ^^\1 \ £11-§&
agreements. For Constantine, all-gracious

§\11,did not grudge him kinship with himself,

goodwill,
Emperor
that he was, furnished him with the tokens of genuine

& &
and did not refuse him the enjoyment of an illustrious

, ^,&
3;-, ^
union in the person of his sister. Nay further, he

-
deemed him worthy to partake of his ancestral &&1
nobility and his imperial blood and origin, and be-

&^)--1\
stowed on him, as a brother-in-law and joint-emperor,
§•
&^
^
& & :
2
the right to a share in the supreme government * for
of his bounty he gave him the ruling and administra-
1)-

tion of no inferior part of the peoples under the Roman

sway.
of conduct : he was
: &
\&.But Licinius pursued an exactly opposite line
^
\8daily contriving all
88
&11kinds of

(,
European provinces passed from Licinius to Constantine
(Gibbon, i..432).
432).
467
467
 €
.
€7
, )
,
rob" KpEITTOVOS mavas
j771VOCIJV j7TegOVA71g TpO7TOV$
€€€ aflEti/fOLTO. Ta taV
EUSEBIUS

jrucp6TrTEtv, AOS ElVat 7rpoo-

,
-
j77"GTEXV4EVOS TITCYTOS TE
Sy Ka feels

--
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apa 6
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Kai Otaae, OS an-E.:6 Tas. EV EirroppiTy Kai CKOTEI
^.
11.13
11-13
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Cf.

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^
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8 , ,,
cktAlc•TaTos
88. paaaei), Tas. a
avcr t6,uov

,
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,,
^
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- '
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-
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Sy 7j7TtaTaTO 0413EtV atirdv, 7raparcirrEcrOat wp/1aTo,
' ^
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ITC(17TOTE cipxiv aUTOV AvrrripOv OtaBEtElvovs,
71pg1ta TEWS* Kai 7e10'UX:13 7TOACOpKEIV &E/30t/NETO.
Kai TOOT ' brpaTTEv,
*
ciflAen-reiv z17r3 Tijs
-
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jp,06Tov KaKtas 71vayKaa1avos• 0i5T ' 001, T71̀V
. :

'
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^^
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000a4t 3v gem OUSE a, aOTOs edterip Kai Tti.taipOs
'
8,' as

,
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.
aciKkpovos bETpaw-Eis Aoycallo13, StappliOnv SE ///.^•
Tas. opgpas, TOP OcOv ELOTOv ota 871 KtovaTavTivov
fionBOv avTi 7,o POO OV1.2610V 7TOAE1LEIV gyVCICEE.
468
Lavas.
.
,,,,^
devices &§&8

.
£of plans to 6\{1
^& &
&
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, X. .
.

^, ,
\1 .
against his superior, and inventing all
5-9
VTII. 5-9

11 manner
reward his benefactor with evil. At first,
indeed, he attempted to conceal the intrigue, and

^;
,. \
&' 6€[6 recourse
feigned friendliness, hoping that frequent
§1
to guile and deceit would most easily secure his

, §,& ,\^
expectations. But God proved to be
Friend and Protector and Guardian, who
\6
\1 1)§11;
13
1) Constantine's
brought to
light the plots that were devised secretly and in

\&
darkness, and confounded them. Such power is
there in the great weapon of godliness to ward off the
8

-& &^ ,
& ^. }^.
enemy and to preserve its own in safety. Fenced

^^\1^
verily with this, our Emperor, most dear to God,
escaped the plots of this ill-famed master of£ intrigue.
, \1-
And he, when he saw &; \& by
8&\ that his covert design was
( - \)
§§
no means going according to his wish (for God dis-

), & &
,, & -. , ,-
closed every guile and wickedness to the Emperor
whom He loved), since he was no longer able

Constantine, he was

,^
£§& £ ,& , ^^
in his decision to make war
&^ (^
\1, 1
&1)1 to con-
ceal himself, raised an open warfare. And, to be 1) sure,
\& at close quarters upon
1)&1 also
\^8 already hastening to battle
against the God of the universe, whom, as he knew,
1
Constantine worshipped ; and so he designed an
;
1\,
&
subjects,
at all
\1
^
8)^8, who had never at any time done any harm
, 1)£ &
attack, quietly and silently at first, upon his godly

.&
11 to his rule. And this he did, because his innate

^
wickedness had perforce brought upon him terrible
1)1.

^",^ ,^ .,
\ \ .,\
blindness. Thus he neither kept before his eyes the

,£
memory of those who had persecuted Christians
before him, nor of'those whom he himself destroyed
£ £ &
and punished for the evil deeds they had pursued.
But he turned aside from the path of sound reason,
and becoming altogether mad, decided to make war
on God Himself, as & the Protector of Constantine,
instead of on him who was \& being protected.
469
469
 -

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Ta OcAdv0pcorm8caKovoukavovs.
8 TotaiiTat al ALICGV- 11
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tLETakIl TT OV Cr LV V ECOT E
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CLI1T 01 , 8G ' 05V Tan'
Ei; Kai. cro0Cos. Keti.cvovs. vOrtovs.
vaAatoin ` Pwilaicov r

7rEptypaqsat ToAtv4aas, PapPapovs rtvas Kai civ-

470
470
. .1
* Cf. .
/, Dion. Al. ad Ilerm. (. ).
(vii. I1 above).
-
^ £
\616
^" £
. ,&^
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, X. yin. 10-12

8,
; ,
First, he drove away

,"
palace ; thus by
,^
^ &\.
10-12 . .
3.\£7 every Christian from his
1) his own act depriving himself,
wretched man, of the prayers to God on his behalf,'

^ ^
which after the custom of their fathers they are
taught to make for all&11 men. Then he gave orders
&
. -, &&.^&
&,& 8168 in cities were to be
that the soldiers 1) singled out and
deprived of honourable rank, unless they chose to

^,
sacrifice to demons.
And, moreover, these were but1) small matters when\1
^

^§ ^
judged by\) comparison with graver measures. What \&1;

,,
&
things done by

^
need is there to mention singly and successively the

"^
"
\} this hater of God : how,
£
most lawless of men invented 1&\1
\1
with regard to those who

^\\^
prisonment, he laid down a law
treat them humanely by
:

lawless£\8 ,-
\, this
1\, to wit,
laws? ? In fact,
\1 were suffering under im-
&, 1\ that no one should
\) distributing food, or have
pity on those who were perishing of hunger in bonds ; ;

^
and that no one should be
\1
1) kindly at all,
kindly action, even when they were moved by
11, or do any
\) mere

,& ^, \^\, §1)8.

natural feeling to sympathize with their neighbours.
And of his laws this one at least was quite openly
shameless and the harshest of all,11, in its putting aside

\.
of every civilized, natural feeling, by \8
1) which also it was
enacted as a punishment that those who \1showed pity

^
should suffer the same as those whom they pitied, and

. §§ 111^
\1 humanely ministered should endure
that those who
the same punishment as those who
,
•
^ ^
it, and be 1)
\1 were undergoing
1)consigned to bonds and imprisonment.

^
, •
^,
• \
\)
Such were the ordinances of Licinius. Why should
one recount his innovations with regard to marriage,

,
or his revolutionary changes in respect of those who
were departing this life, wherein he dared to annul
1\8 of the Romans well and wisely laid
the ancient laws
1)0§ in certain that were
down, and in their stead brought
\
471
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472
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 &
V
:..
'&, ,^ &
1:CCLESIASTICAL HISTORY,.
X. viii. 12-16
12 16. -
;

,
arbarous and uncivilized, that truly were

, ^&
&
contrary to law ; or the countless assessments that

, ;

he devised to the detriment of £his subject

1[)];peoples,
&
\66 lawless and

,,
" §1
and the manifold exactions of gold and silver, the
&
revaluations of land, and the lucrative fines of men
&3
in the country parts no longer alive but 1§
1) long since

)&
^
& &\&^
,\ \&
\ &
departed ?? And, moreover, as

\^,
1)&1:3
& to the banishments

, esteemed men, whose wedded wives he separated

©£
from them and consigned to certain abominable

§
^- \1
that this hater of mankind inflicted upon those who
had done no wrong, the arrests of noble and highly-

members of his household for disgraceful insult ; as

^
;

\1
)1 - &
to the many married women and unwedded girls with

^&^
whom this drunken old dotard satisfied his soul's
—
unbridled lust—why should one enlarge on these
^,\
&, &&^
^
things, when the outrageous character of his last

,
deeds show the first to be
1)small and of no account ??
1

^^,,-&^ ),
For example, in the final stage of his madness he

^,
proceeded against the bishops, and deeming them
^, 1)§ the servants of the
opposed to his doings as being
supreme God, forthwith plotted against them, not
( ;
1)once
& yet (for he feared his superior), but
openly as

•&^ & &\&

more with secrecy and guile ; and the most highly

\, ,

were murdered was &^

.
;

§-
respected of these, by the contrivance of the gover-
nors, he put to death. And the manner in which they
\& strange and hitherto unheard of.
For instance, the things that were done at Amasea
and the other cities of Pontus outdid every excess of
.

^ \
017, There some of the churches of God were
cruelty.
10\
again thrown down from the top to the bottom ;

^, )1
others they shut up, so that none of the accustomed

\.
worshippers might assemble or pay to God the
1
1)11—
prayers were offered on his behalf—such \
service due to Him. For he did not think that the
was the
473
473
 -.

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Ex.
'^' 6,1, ^^
,

etc. *lite? gpaxtom E77i Ta T718E xEcpaycorjaas.

^^**"
Ex. 14, 81
^
^^
WS 6 fl a0€1, aKOTcp Kai VVKTI 00(08ECYTCiT11
OcocrTfjpa f.t yay dOp&os Kai acorilpa Tag warty
TOy a0Tor, Oepd7rovTa KanicrTavTivov

IX. TOOTT /lay OUV CIVCOBEV E 00pavoin Kap7TOV

IX.

474
,
.
EtkrEflEtag 6Tde,o, Ta Tpdrata Tijs. KaTa TaIV
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-
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)^
 ,
^ & . "
16— 2
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, X. yin. 16—Ix.

—
reckoning of an evil conscience—but
. .
&
1?1; had 1)€6
.
-
been per-
suaded that we

16
^&" " 6

\^ , &^, ,
\€ did everything
on behalf of the Emperor \•1

^
he hastened to vent his wrath on8.
&
66)^11§and supplicated God
whom He loved. Hence
us. And in truth

&
the sycophants among the governors, persuaded that

., §
they were doing what pleased the impious man, plied
1) \ &-
\ ,
some of the bishops with penalties suitable for male-
&8,
factors, and those who had done no wrong were
& \11; a pretext, like
led away and punished, without
&
,\
murderers. And some endured at that time a more

8\(1
£ :

,
&
1)(8 were cut with a&
novel form of death : their bodies
sword into many pieces, and after this cruel and most

. ^:
fearful sight they were cast into the depths of the
8 ^& ,
sea as
^& ,
38 food for fishes. Thereupon the men of God

.^
began again to flee, and once more the fields, once
38, §1
more the deserts, glens and mountains received the

, - \8

^,
servants of Christ. And when the impious man was

^ \
thus successful in these measures also, he then con-

^
ceived the idea of stirring up anew the persecution
against all.

, , ^
11. He had power to accomplish his purpose,
and there was nothing to hinder him carrying it into
effect, had not God, the Champion of the souls that

\,
^ \1
\,
,^,
^
\1
are His own, foreseeing with all

.,
11 speed what would
come to pass, caused to shine forth all11 at once, as
it were out of deep darkness and most murky night,

,, \
a great luminary and saviour of them all,

^
&3

11, leading
thither with a lofty arm his servant Constantine.

)
^ §1 ,
,
He laid him low, with all
.
IX. To him, then, as the worthy fruit of piety did
God vouchsafe from heaven above the trophies of

,\
victory over the wicked men ; as for the guilty^ one,
;

11 his counsellors and friends,

prone beneath the feet of Constantine.
For when Licinius had carried his madness to the

475
475
 ,
,
, ^.
,
'
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EUSEBIUS

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,
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Acts 9,
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,
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,
, ,
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lag AcKlvvcos, Ta6ra Opoitus Kai aOTOs- g77aaXEV,
was defeated 8;
^ Licinius &8

5^& &
and secondly, when he had fled to Byzantium and had
&, &Chrysopolis
been forced to cross the Straits, at (8&),
^1,
first at Adrianople, 33 July,

€1}^818 (Scutari),
476
476
.
& 1
,
, , &,^
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, X. ix. 2-5

68 "1^6
that he was
" , 1§
,
\&8 no longer to be
2-5 ..
16Emperor, the friend of God, reckoning
uttermost, the

8 1)6endured, summoned his

sound powers of reason, and tempering the stern
168
\ \ &, ^
qualities of justice with humanity determined to

§
, ^ ;
succour those who were 1)§ being evil intreated under
\
^& ,
1}^'power ; and hastened, by
the tyrant's

.& -^ \ \
&,§ - \1,
& & 3§&-,
; )^ putting a few
spoilers out of the way, to rescue the greater part of
the human race. For hitherto, when he employed
humanity alone and showed mercy to him who was
undeserving of sympathy, there was no improvement
1
in Licinius : he did not give over his wickedness, but
:

peoples ; while as
,§
rather increased his mad fury against his subject
\1 were
&8 for those who
)^6;
\66 ill-treated, no
\&8

1)1;

-
;

^
(
hope of salvation was

,
as they were by
§1§ , &
§ \,
, ,& ^- ^.
)^ a
\'& left for them, ground down

^,
\1 \66,
1). Wherefore,
3, terrible wild beast.

mingling a hatred of evil with a love of goodness, the

§1
^
right hand of salvation to all
Then, inasmuch &
\1
defender of the good went forth, with that most
81§
humane Emperor, his son Crispus, stretching out the
\1were perishing.
&11who
as they had God the universal King

,
and Son of God, the Saviour of &11,
Ally, the father and son both
all, &
as their Guide and
1)1 together divided their
&&
\)\-&§8
- .&
battle-array against the haters of God on all &11 sides
}^1§
^
ing to His purpose. Yea verily,

,
&7 1)1§
;

encounter was made smooth for them by

,
^
and easily won the victory ; ^1 for everything in the

)^^, all

&-
&
1) God accord-
&11 at once and in
less time than it takes to say it, those who the other
day were breathing death and threatening were no
\3 even so much as
more, nor was
1)
^ -
& their name remem-
^&
,& ,
bered ; their pictures and honours received a well-

\ &
;

deserved disgrace ; and the things that Licinius had

;

seen with his own eyes happen to the impious 1)£8 tyrants
September 18
IS or 20,
20, 324.
324. Shortly afterwards, Constantine
&.
had him put to death.
477
477
.
Zeph. 3,3,22 ^
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-
,
v eL7 ' aVICX0VTOS 7)A101) 77 IFECICCV EV KtiKACU KaTa

Pptav
.
(MTEpa TYjS OCKOV ialV71S" cipKTOV TE Op,o5 Kai pccolyt-
'crxa-ra 6votav7is 1577-8 rip airre;:w

, /,
' o0v E civapcUiron, 77
8
ciyov-rcs Eityvnv. cicfrOpnTo 8'
Ira V 3 o.s. Tani 77piv al3T0?)$ T•GE OZSVTWV, Aa1217p8C3
8' ETEAOVV Ka6 77av71yupticas- jop-rciw i,agpas, 7jV TE

,,
CkOJT8C EtLITAEa TTaVra, Kai 11E051,a:ft Trpoacinrots
6141.0.0- 1 TE OaL5pois- 17"1323, Karykeis ciAA-4Aovs.

,
, 8,
'13A€7 1-ov, xopelai, ' ae)rdis. Kai vlbvoL KaTa 176Accs

*
»
Op,o0 Kai ecypoi,s TOV 7ra iueaacA& OEOV Trpcirrtcr-ra

^'^ ^
77aVTWV, OTG 8
8.77 TOUT'-.5t8cixOnaav, Ka7TELTa
dgegij flaadtga Traccriv a1/.a OcocktAcrtv 4patpov,
TOV

-
KaKCo'v '

8,.
8' ci,avna-ria 77aAaca, .7). 1., Kai A71071 Tracn)s 88

^ 8^.^'^
8vaae/3€1a3, TrapOvTcov '8' ciya0a, ci7rOAavats Kai
77130a &G I.LEAAOVTOJV 77p0080Ktal, 777TACJVTO 8' oin, '
Kara 77CIVTa TO770V Toy vcK-riroii gar/GAECOF cktAavOpoi-
7rias 41.7rAcot 6carciects vOpcot TE pxyaAo8wpaig

8
Kai (140o Os ao-cficias yva,pluictara 77eptAovres.
OVTW 8/Yjra rrcicrqs Tvpavvaos jKKaOapOcten)s, 99 ,

/36?
i.cOvots gOvAciTTero Ta rijs Trpocn7Kozia7)s PaacAE Ea s
1348acd TE Kai civeTric60ova KoJvcrTavrivy Kai Tois

478
478
" 8
00.80. ,
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, X. ix. 5-9

§
- •6
of days gone by,
\), these he
5-9 ..
116\8
16himself also likewise
;

did 16

^ ,.
&^ &^
.
suffered ; for neither did he receive correction nor

-
;

he learn wisdom from the strokes that fell upon

6§)8,
his neighbours, 1)
, but pursued the same path of iniquity
31
as they did, and justly reeled over the same precipice.
&8
-
Thus was Licinius&; cast down prostrate. But Con-

^
8,
stantine the most mighty Victor, resplendent with
every virtue that godliness 1)8•,

, ^& ,
•1
bestows, together with his_
son Crispus, an Emperor most dear to God and in all
&,
respects like unto his father, recovered the East that
11

^ ,
belonged to them, and formed the Roman Empire,

^, ,,& ^ \
1)§§
,
as in the days of old, into a single united whole,
&8
bringing under their peaceful rule all
rising sun round &1)\
well &
\11
,.
",
\11,
11 of it, from the
about in the two directions, north as

8^
£
as south, even to the uttermost limits of the
\
declining day. So then, there was taken away from ^
men all
&11 fear of those who formerly oppressed them ;
6)•&
they celebrated brilliant festivals ; all&11 things were
\&,
^ & &
;

\1 ^,
filled with light, and men, formerly downcast, looked
\1 1§ , 1)&§
at each other with smiling countenances and beaming
\1 .
eyes ; with dancing and hymns in city and country

\^ §^
;

§£
alike they gave honour first of all to God the universal
§, 1) ,
King, for this they had been instructed to do, and
1)1
\1
then to the pious Emperor with his sons beloved of
God ; old ills were forgotten and oblivion cast on

-
3
;

£
^, . , ,
every deed of impiety ; present good things were
;

enjoyed, with the further hope of those which were

^
yet for to come. And, in short, there were promul-

,, ,&
gated in every place ordinances of the victorious

.
1)1 ^
& & 1)1^
when all

&
Emperor full of love for humanity, and laws

11 tyranny had been purged away,

\ &
1\8 that
betokened munificence and true piety. Thus verily,
1) &\,the king-
dom that belonged to them was preserved stedfast
and undisputed for Constantine and his sons alone ;
1§-

479
479
;
 ,
€4 , ^ ,• EUSEBIUS

-
atiTo0 7rac0iv, oG T Z3V 7T p6a0Ev CunCILVTCOV cliroa,u,716av-
€

4, ^
0E001- Vyliall, T631; 1K 0E0f, wpv-
€§• TOO ftiov
TEC
^/^'
TavEvOvraiv clya0Cov at;Tois. ?jo-Orip.vcos. TO ckcA-
€
dpcTov Kai OcoOLA4 76 TE irpOs TO Ociov cOaEgas
-
ci3xcipt07011 WV els 71-poi:in-Toy i&raaw
civOpo!rots o-ap6rixov Opav, EITESdeCLVTO

480
480
 ,.
•,
,
& & ,
„ ,
3-

^
..
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, X. ix. 99

who, when they had made it their very first action to

,"
§ & £ \(1 from hatred of God, conscious of
cleanse the world

^&^ ., , &; & 1)6\•6 upon them,

the good things that He had bestowed
(^^
displayed their love of virtue and of God, their piety
and gratitude towards the Deity, by
deeds in the sight of all
&11 men.
1)) their manifest

-,
VOL, II
II it 481
 INDEX OF PROPER NAMES
,.
,
8
,
,
,
)§,
)8 ,
, ;,
,
.A.B13178, i.

,
95
. 95
Abercius Marcellus L. 478
Abgar Uchania,.89-97
IN VOLS. .

473
I. AND II.
II.

Alexander, Bishop of Rome, 1..305

309, 451
809, 451
Alexander, martyrs named, i..431,
305

,
89-97
' 431,
1)18,
Abilius, 1..233, 291 . 107,
)»,
Abraham, i..15,
233, 241
15,41-45
483 ; iL
483 ; 107,167
167

, Alexander, Montanist martyr, 1.

41-45 1.
Achaeus, iL .171171 489-491
489-491
38,
, , 88,
.243
ii. 243 Alexander Severus, if. .67,67,79

,
79

,
Achior, I.. 63
Actium, ii.
»38, .53
63
53
Adarnantius, name of Origcn, H.

,
Adauctus, ii. .287
.4949
Alexandria, .
99 •.,
99 ff., 231,
231,243
Alexas, 1.. 7171
.473
L 305,
305,463
243.,
463; .
f., 279,
; ii.99 ff.,
289, 297
279,289, 297
79,
".,79,

,
28'' Amasea, ii. 473
(3),

,
&,,
^81I
&180

,
, ,
Adiabene, 1.
1&,.i. 137,
Anita..

Aelianus, it
. 137
137
137,313
also Jerusalem
.215
313 ;.
215
; ii. 65,
65, 139.8
139. See
Amastris, L.381
)33,
Ambrose, ii.
Ammia, i.. 485

&,
381
.55,
485
81
69, 81
55,69,

Ammon, Bishop of Bernice, IL .209209

,
Aelins Publius, i..495

18», ,,
Aemilianns, ii.

.269,
Africa, ii.
495
.155-161
155-161
Aemilius Frontinus, i. 491
», 455, 459
269,455,
Africanus, L.51-65 51-65
49
; ii.
;
491

.83-85
83-85
Ammon, martyr, ii.

^,
Ammonarion, ii.

Ammonius Saccas,
.107
Ammonius, martyr, ii.
83008,
Ananias, courier, i..89
88,8
.109
107
109

.297
.59
ii.
89
297
59 .

(8),

,
Agabus,
83,)8, i..117,
117,485485 Ananus, son of Ananus (Annas), 1. I.
{38,
^,
»
, ,
Agapius, ii.
8»(;1)1,

,
Agathobuli,
.241
Agathonice, i 859

,
Agrippa I.,
,
241

.,i..117,
.237
the, Ii.
359
117,
237

129-133
129-133
177
177f.
»18,
18,
.
Anatolius, ii. .229
Anchialus, 1.. 495
Andrew, i..191,
229
495
191, 293
ff.,
293
.,244f.
244.

,
^»
, \,
Agrippa IL, II., i..161,

Agrippinus, i. 373,. 373,

179, 231
161,179,
Agrippa Castor, i.. 315 315
961
461
231 Anencletus, i. 233,
Anicetus, i..327
511
511
(),
. 241,449
233,241,
I., 335,
327., 335,
449
373
378 L,
.,451,
451,

,
Albinns, i. . 177-179, 223 Annas (Ananus), i. . 75 f.

,
177-179, 228 75 .

,
11>3,
1)3<18,
,
Alburnus,
Alce, i..357

,, ,
357
Alcibiades,

1)£8,
1)»(18,
Alcibiades,
i. 118
.

8.,
8;,
113

martyr, i. 493
. 443
Montanist, i..443 443
Annianus, i..179,

i.
. 473
473•.fr.
Anteros, IL .81
179,

81
233,
233, 241
Anonymous writer on Stontanism,
241

8
i.
,
Alcibiades, opponent of Montanism,
1. 485
485

,,
Alexander, alabarch, i..119
Alexander, bishop in Cappadocia

31,
8)811
and subsequently of ^^8I1,
31,87.39,
87-89, 43,
48,49,
49,65,
65,79,
0»& 119

79,93,
.
Jerusalem, ii.
93,131,139
131,139
{;18,
Anthimus, ii.

Antinous, I..321
Antioch, .
295, 835
295 335
.267,
Antinoopolis, i..821
267,

321
it. 39,

Antipas, Herod, I.
295

39, 181,
295
321; ii.
;

181,209
.87 87

209ff.,

78 ff.,
1. 73 .,117
.,289

117
289.,f.,

483
488
,
.»
Antipater, 1.1.51,
Antoninus, i..399
INDEX OF PROPER NAMES
51,

8
61
399
61 81(13,
818, 8&8 ,
Asclepiades, heretic, i..523
Asclepiodotus, I..519 519
523

Antoninus. See Marcus Aurelius

.
(-»1),
Antoninus (Caracalla),

,
Antoninus (Elagabalus),
(18»1)18),
Antoninus Pius, 1..331 331
.31,
ii.

1.,
31,67
.67
ii.
.,369,
67
67

391,
369,391, ,
88 (),
,
Asphaltites,
81£111;8,

,
,
481
481
Astyrius, ii.
,^.See Dead Sea
Lake.
Asterius Orbanus (Urbanus), .

.173
178f..

, 8
,
449
449
Antoninus Verus. See Marcus Au.

» &,
relius
Antony, i.1.47, 47,61
-
,
.107
Ater, IL 107
Athenodore, ii.

,
Athens, i..379,
.83,
379,
Attains, i..415, 421
88,
391
171,
171,
: .85
391: li.
211
211
85
ff., 443
42>.,

,
61 415, 443
Annlinus, IL.453 453 f.,
., 457,
457,
Apaines on the Maeander, 1..431,
463
463 f..
481, ,,
Atticus, Bishop of Synnada,
8>'»(,
Atticus, the Consular, i..275 275
.65
ii. 65

,
,,
,
483

»18
483

&&,
118,
Apelles, i..467
467 .
ff.
Apion, grammarian, 1..119,
Apion, writer, i..515 515
119, 291
291

,
88;8,
Augustus, 1..47,

18
Aurelian, H.

Auses,
1868, i..29
29
213,
^^^^8,
Aurelius Quirinius,
51,
225
53,
225
.169
if.
73,
47, 51, 53, 73,
.213,
169
389
8891,f.

,,
Apocalypse of John, ^11, I..2356.,
235.,257, Autolycus, i..385

,
257, 885
293,
293, 871
197
197ff.
371.,
".
f., 385,
385, 457,
457,493493; .77,
; h. 77,
,,
BABYLAS,.

,
ii. 83,
83,95
Apolinarius, i. ()6£§ ),
95
Rome), i.

,
. 375, 387, 393
3931.,.,447, Babylon (meaning . 145

»,473, 493
473, 493f..
375,387, 447,
13acchins, I.. 833
1)(8,
333
145

§£8• ,
Apollonia, Ii. .103
103 Bacchylides, 1..381 381
Apolloniades, i..523 523 1)18,
Bacchyllus, i..505 505

,,, ,
Apollonius, martyr, I..501
,
501
Apollonius, writer against Montan-
.
»
Bar Cabbas,
08)1)8,
0111;8,
liar Chochebas,
i.1.317
317
1..311
311f..

,
ism, i..487487ff. Bar Coph, i.. 317 317
111»8, .59
»,
Apollophanes, ii. »(18£8,
Bardesanes, L. 399

,
59 399
Aquila, Prefect of Egypt, it. .17, 17,25
25 Barnabas, I..88, 83,105,
105,115
115f., 127; .
.,127 ii.

,
;

Aquila, presbyter, it. .165

Aquila, translator of 0.T.,
165
. .,i.. 459; — 81,
203
203
-Epistle of, i..257 .47
; II.

,
459; 257 47

,;- ,,
;

.
ii. 51
512.
. Barsabas, i..295
8&1)»8, 295
»1)»,
Arabia, .63,
ii. 87, 91,
63,87, 91,287
287 Bartholomew, i..463 463
»1)» .111 818,
)8,
Arabian Mountain, ii.
Arabianus, t. 515
Archelaus I..58
. 515
53f.,
.,73
111 Basilicus, I..967 467
»18,
Basilides, Bishop In Pentapolis, .
209

, ^, ,
73 209
(16»,
», ^,
Ardabav, i.i.475475 181,
Basilides, heresiarch, i. . 315
315.f.

, .25
Aretas, I. . 79
79 81(18,
Basilides, martyr, ii. f.
25 .

,
8(38,
Aristides, apologist, i..309
8<18,

,
Aristides, correspondent of Afri

,
canna, i. . 55 .85
55; ii.
Aristion, 1.. 293,
;

293,297
297
85
309 81&8,
Basilidians, 1.
Bathezor, 1.. 213

)118,
. 209
Bernice, ii.
Beryllus, ii.
. 377
213
209
. 65,
877

65,87 87

,
Arlstobulus ., IL, High Priest, L1.53, . 107
[Issas, 11.

,
53, 107
61
61 Bethlehem, i.. 47, 47,85.
65.7378
1181,
8()18,
»,
Aristobulus, philosopher, ii. .45, 45,237
237 Beththera, . 1. 813
313

, ,
,
Ariston of Pella, 1.. 313 313 )18,
Biblis, i.
. 419
419

,
Aristotle, i.. 523
», .459
Aries, it. 459
523; ii.
; .230230 131thynia, .I. 191,
191, 195
Blandina, 1.. 415,
415, 455
;

.
425ff.
.141
195; II. 141

, 8, .129,

,
Armenia, ii. 129,851351 Meatus, 1. . 471,
471,495495

,39, 67
39, 67
. 195
Arsinoti, Ii.

(&),
195
Artaxerxes, i.. 229,
229,461
Artemon (Artemas), 1..517;
Ascalon, i. . 51,
51,61
61
401
517;

(},
Asclepiades, Bishop of Antioch, ii.
.223
11. 223

.
13olanus, .
8»,
,,
Bostra, II.

08
088,
Caesarea, i.
Il. 215
.6.5,
CAECILIABT, .
215
65, 8787

ii. 455,
. 115
455, 461
461.,

.85,
115; IL
;
1, 465
465
Caesar the philosopher, L. 333333
85,167,171, 2»
67,171,297
484
484
 .
,
(3838

,
INDEX OF PROPER NAMES
. 211
Caesarea In Cappadocia. ii.

.
£68&£
211 ,
,
,
Constantine, ii..299

,
299ff.,
.,817,
317, 359365,
359•365,

,
.1751.

,
Caesarea Philippi, ii. 1751 371,
371, 387,
387, 445-465,
445-465,475,
475, 479f.
479 .
0<&13.

», , ,
Caiaphas. I..75
751.
0»3
86Gaius
Caius. See
.

Callirhoe, i.'. 6969

Constantius, ii.
. 195
Coracion, ii.
Corinth, i..183,
.299
195
299f.

183,235,
.

235,451
451

, ,. 67
Callistus, ii. 67 Cornelius, Bishop of Antioch, 1.,

, ,
Candidus, i.. 515
0»<1(13, 515 373
373
Caparattaea, 1.. 261 261 Cornelius, Bishop of Rome, ii. . 93,
93,

8,
0&<3£,
Cappadocia, ii. . 287
287
18,
115-125,
115-125,129

,
129
Caricus, i.. 493;
493 ii. .41

&,
; 41 Cornelius, centurion, i..115 115
0!3,
Carinus, ii.. 225225 Cornutus, ii.. 5959

&,
, ,
,
Carpocrates, i.1. 817
Carpocratians, L. 377

^,
,
, ,
Carpus, i.. 359
Carthage, ii.
359
317
377

• 139, 455,461
139, 455,
0308,companion of Paul,
Crescens,

Crete, i..197,
Crispus, H.
197,375,
. 477
375,379
379
»1,i.. 197
^8^,.861
Crescens, opponentofJustin,
197
861f.
1.

,
461 477
0&8, . 225
Carus, ii. 225 Cronion, called Eunus, ii. .105
106

8, , ,
0&88, . 45
Cassian, ii. 45 . 50
Cronius, ii. 59
Cassius, i.. 513 Culcianus, ii.. 3S3

,
518 383
Celadion, i.. 329,329, 373
373 08.,
Cumane, i.. 481
481
Celerinus, h. .117 .115,
Celsus,
, 117
088, Bishop of Iconium, ii.
^.
.•!, writer against 08;»1;,
. 65
65
Cyprian, ii.
Cyrene, i.. 805
. 229
115,189
305
139

,
Celsus, Christianity, Cyril, ii. 229
. 91
ii. 91
3,
, , ,,
0138,1.. 83
Cephas,
.159
83f. . Dames, 1.. 281
808, 281

,
Cephro, IL 1591.. Damascus, ii. . 339
339

, 241

,,
Cerdo, Bishop of Alexandria, i.. Dead Sea,
)11, 88, i.. 6969

8,
Debeltum, i.. 495
8,241
Cerdo, heretic, i.. 327
Cerinthus, i..263
327
ff., 337
263., . 197
337 ; ii. 197
«3,
Deals, ii..93,
(;»,
Demetrian, ii.
495
93,137137
. 131,
131, 139,
139,171,
171,209,
209,

,,
;

Chaeremon, Bishop of Nilopolis, ii. .

8, 223

,
223
111
111 1)3,ii..189
Demetrius, bishop, 169
1<],
01&8,
&, ,
H.

,
Chaeremon, Deacon of Alexandria,
. 155 .,
0183,h..457
Chrestus,
»,
f., 165

. ,^,»,
513
Claudius, L. 127,
018,»8,
165
Chaeremon, Stoic, H.

, 457
Chrysophora, i.. 883

,
Clams, i.. 513
383

127, 133,
. 59 59

133, 159f.
159 .
Demetrius, Bishop of Alexandria,
i. 501;
. . 11,
501 ; ii. 11, 29
291.,

Demetrius, presbyter,
Desposyni, i.. 63

^»,
88, . 107
Dionysia, ii.
63
Diocletian, ii..225,
., 51,

225,2G5,
107
51, 65,
Demetrius, Hellenistic Jew,
(;8, 85}•,ii..165
65, 79

205,299,
165
79
^^, ii..45

299, 865,
45

365, 877
377

45
,
Clemens, Flavius, L. 287

; , 8
,,, ,,
1., 241,
233 .,
.
ii. 45
241, 289 .,

ff., 389,
243 8".,
43 tf.
".
1»(],
Clement of Alexandria, i..105,
3S9, 463 463.,
237
Clement, Bishop of Rome, i.. 197,

1
1., 375,
375, 383,
383, 449

517 ; .
f., 517;
197,
449f. ;

105,177,
ii. 27,
;

177,
27, 89,
39,
Dionysius, Areopagite, 1..197,
Dionysius, Bishop of Alexandria,
.
ii. 83,
83, 89,
177.215
177-215
89, 95.113,
95-113,125-181,
197,379

Dionysius, Bishop of Corinth, 1..

183, 197,
183, 197, 375,
375,379-385
379-:85
Dionysius, Bishop of Rome, ii.
379

125-131,187.169,
137-169,

. 141,
141,

,
01)3,
01£3,
01)8,
Cleobius, Cleobians, i.. 377
Cleopatra, 1.. 47
377 147,
147, 149,
149, 169 (f),
169 (, 209,
209, 215,
Dioscorus, confessor, Ii.
8),
215, 227
.107
227
107f..

,
47
Clopas, .233,
888,

,
, .,
233,
Cnossus, 1.. 381
)»,
Cochaba, 1. . 63
381
63
Coele Syria, 1.. 465
Colluthion ii.
. 129
Colon, ii. 129
'
Commodus, 1.. 461,
273
273f.,

465
. 161
161
.,375

461,501501
375

,
0308,
Dioscorus, presbyter, ii.
8,

»,
^81,
. 43
Docetae, ii.
»,
43
Domitian, 1.. 233-241,
.165
Dius, Bishop of Jerusalem, H.
8,
3,
Diva, martyr, ii.
»,
.297
297

233-241,278,
Domitilla, Flavia, L. 237
Domitius and Didymus, it.
165

278,891
237
. 35

891

.163,
35

163,1717 -11
.,
VOL. II
II 22
R 485
485
, ,»,
,
INDEX OF PROPER NAMES
Domnua, Bishop of Caesarea, u. . ,
,
5
8,,
Faustus, presbyter, ii.,99,
, 99,165,
165,297
297

,
, ,
171
171
Doinnus, Bishop of Antioch, ii..223,

, 8) ;,/,
229
229
. 39
Domnus, apostate, ii. 39
228,

,,
Felix, Bishop of Rome, ii.

,
Felix, Procurator of Judaea,
165
165
Festus, f..165,
165,169,
169, 177
177
. 227
227
^88,1..161, 161,

8
,
Dorotheus, imperial servant, ii. . Firmilian, ii..67,67,181,
131,139,
189,171,
171, 211,
211,
253, 265
253, 265 f.
. 215, 217
215, 217

&,
Dorotheus, presbyter of Antioch,
. 229
ii. 229
Doaithians, 1. 377
377
Flavia Domitilia, 1.. 287

,
Flavia 688,i..333
1&8 Neapolis,
018,1.. 237
Flavius Clemens,
237
333
237

,
1.

. 179
08,
EBION1TES, i.. 261 f., 459;
261 ., . 58
459 fi. 58
'"88, unidentified, ii.
Flavius,
Florinus, i..471,
471,995,
495, 497
497
179

8
;

Edessa, 1. 87, 107

, ,'
(188», . Florus, 1.183
^,
Egypt, i..47,
. 03,
ii. 68, 161,
87, 107
47,135,
135,149,
161, 165,
149,305,
165, 179,
305,315,
179, 189,
315,465
189, 191,
465;
191, 269,
; &5, 1. 183
Fundanus, i..323,323,391
391

,,
269,
275,
275, 279
279 (}8, Bishop of Rome, IL. 227
Gems, 227
(()3),ii.. 67
Elagabalus (Antoninus), 3,
, Gaius, companion of Dionysius of
88»1>»18 67
Eleutherus, i.. 331, 331, 375,
375, 405,
405, 445,
445, 18(8,if.. 99,
Alexandria, 99, 165
165
449,
449, 451
451 (),
Gaius (Cetus), Emperor, i..117 117ff.,

,
.,
Eliezer, 1.. 77
188,
Emesa, if.
77
Elpistus, 1.. 381
»,
, 1^ . 341
Enoch, Book of,
381
841
Encratites, 1.. 395 395
, II.. 239
239
127,
127, 133,
8,(),
i. 181,
.
133, 159

181, 263,
Gaiba,
081)8,1.
159
Gaius, martyr, L. 483
Gains (Calus), 81)}'
0»8
263,271;
1. 199
483
,
presbyter of Rome,
271; IL. 65
65 f.
.

88,
Ephesus, i.. 191, 191, 195,
195, 243,
243, 271,
271, 281,
281, 08,1.. 523
Galen,
199
523

18,
293,335,
293, 335, 337,
337, 371,
371, 455,
. 107
455, 491,
491, 503,
503,507
507
',
088,ii..315
Galerius, 315ff.,
(., 825
825
Epimachus, ii.
8,
Eros, 1.. 373
888, ii.
Esdras,
373
. 78
107

,
GalPeans, I.. 49,
118,

,
Gallus,
0818, ii. . 137,
49, 377
Gallienus, ii..151,
377
151,169,
137, 151
169,189,
189,211
2111.
£,

,
78 151
888, f.. 377
Essenea, Gamala, i. 49

,
377 . 49

»,
83, i.. 59 &,
,
Estha,

,
59
Ethiopia, 1.. 111
Euclid, i.. 523
111
Gaul, i.. 197,

,
,, 197, 407
. 295
Gaza, B. 295
Germanicus, i.. 341
. ; ii.
407 ff.; 1. 457
457

,
*, 523 341
Euelpis, Ii.. 6565 Germanion, 11. . 3535
Eumeneia, 1.. 483,
Eumenes, i.. 311,
8,
488, 507
07
311, 329
,
Germans, i.. 445

,
,
Germanus, ii..95,
445
95,155,
155,163

,8
329 168

»,
Eunus, ii.. 105
Euphranor, ii.
105
. 209
Gihon, ii.

,
. 181
181

,
Gittho, i.. 137

,
209 137
Eupolemus, ii. . 4545 Gnostics, 1.. 317317
Euporus, ii. . 209209 Gordian, ii.. 81,81, 89
89

,
8)8,
Eutychianus, if.
Eutyehius, if.
808,
Evarestos, 1.. 279
(18,
0»88,1i..897
Eusebius, Bishop of Caesarea,
8)
Eusebius, Bishop of Laodicea,
155,
155, 165,
165, 167,
167. 229,
229, 233
. 227
. 215
215
279
227
233
1<80(]&,11.
897
.
Gordlus, 11.
88,
&, &, . 35
Gorgonius, ii.

,
,
35
. 253,
253, 287
267
Gorthaens, Goratheni, i.. 377
0&8,
,
Granianus, i.. 925
Gratus, i.. 475
Gregory, ii.
475
.83,
325

83,171,
171,211
211
877
-
'

,
Evodius, L. 241
»,
Ezra, i.. 401

,
FABIAN,
461;

. 81
II.
241
; 11.73
.73
f., 91,
81 ., 91, 93
93 289,
289, 515
307-313, 321.827
i. 307-313, 321-827
HADRIAN, .

. 47,
515 ; ii.
81 , 47,67,
,
Hebrews, Epistle to, I..161,
67,77
771.
.
151,193,
193,

, &, )^8,Gospel of, i..257,

;

Fabius, ii..05,
»1)8, 95,99,
99,115,
115,125,
125,131,
131,171 Hebrews, 257,263,
268,299,

/,
Fadus, 1. 135
1. 135
Faustinus, Ii. . 165
165
Faustus, deacon, H. .157,
157, 165,
165, 167
171

167
377
377
;88,.
Hegesippus,1. 171.177,
821,
321, 331,
331, 375
171-177,
875 f.
£.
287
287f.,
299,

.,27311.
278

486
,^& ,
,
Helenus, ii..129,
INDEX OF PROPER NAMES
Helena, companion of Simon, i.. 139
»1),
Helena, Queen of Adiabene, i.. 135f.
139
135 .
^8I8
17 7
177
^^«811
8
,
Jam es the Just, 1..105,
105,169-179
169-179; if.
11. :

129,139,
189,141,
141,211,
211,215
215 (»),I..53,
Jerusalem (Aelia), 53,89,
89,105,135,
105, 135,
1(18,
Heliodorus, ii.. 139139 161-165, 169,169, 201-227,
201-227, 231 231f.,
., 281,
281,
11<83,
Helkesaites, ii.. 93 465 .f. ; .
)»8<;3,
3083,ii. 17,17,51,
Hernias,
18,
93
Hernerobaptists, 1.. 377 377
51,6161f.,
.,79,
79,83,
83,85,
85, "
309-313,
309-313,465
139, 171,
139,
" Jerusalem," ;,
3 ,
171, 177,
;

177, 243
243
if. 31-37,
^1811,"Montanist, 1..487
31-37, 65,
65, 93

487
93 f.,
.,

89,
89, 145,

13,»3,
145, 147
147
Heraclides, martyr, ii.
,
. 2323
Heraclides, procurator fiscal, ii. .463463 ,
^88,
Jesus, High Priest, i..179
Jesus, 388,
^818,son of Ananias, i..223
&81,i..191,
John, apostle, 191,235
179

235f.,
223
.,2424 -257,

&,
-257,
611113,

,^
Heraclitus, 1.. 515
515 265,
265, 271,
271, 299,299, 837,
337, 455,
455, 457,
457, 493,
493,
•£8,ii.
Herais, . 23 497, 511
511 ; ii. . 49,
49,75,75,77,
77,199-209.
23
. 137, 8 38,
497,
See &8
; 199-209.

,
Hermammon, 11.
&8,
257,
257, 457
457
. 243
Hermo, ii. 243
137,151,
151, 189
,
189
Hernias, the Shepherd of, i.. 193f., 193 .,
John,
John,
^(;1I1,
,
also Apocalypse

/,
^11,Baptist, i..7979'.,
John,
^1,elder, i..293 293ff.
^^,two named, 1.. 293
ff., 253
".
253

; .199
293 ; it 199ff.
".
Hermophilus, 1.. 523

, ^»
11;£3,
Hermopolitans, ii.
<;>•,(a)
Hero, martyr,
523
. 129
129
. 23
() if. 23 '• (b) . 107
(6) ii. 107
Jonathan
^^,
Jordan, h.
Joseph,
? i.
.175
^0811,i..57-65,
. 163
175
163

57-65,105,
105,459 .53
459 ; ii. 53

,
; ;

,
Herod Agrippa I..,i. .117, 129
129ff. Josephus,
^08611^8, f..79-83, 101,119-125, 129-

;,,
117, (. 79-83, 101, 119-125, 129•

,»,
0(1
Herod Agrippa II., i..161,
161,179,
179,231
231 133,
133, 135,
135, 161-165,
161-165,177 177 f.,
., 183
183f.,

,,
II., .,
Herod Antipas, 1..61, 61,75-81,
75-81,117 203-217, 221-231
221.231 ; ii. . 45, 237
45, 237
Herod of Ascalon, i.. 51, 51,61
61
117 203-217,
Joshua,
^08^1»,i.. 17 17f.,
.,3131
;

,
,
Herod, captain of police, i..347,
Herod the Great, i. .4949ff.,

,
,
0(1»8,
Herodias, i..79

,
,,
(),
79f.,
., 117
Heron (Hero), i.. 287,
Hesychius, ii.
.51
Hexapla, ii.
. 297
297
51 L.
117
287,373
.,61,
373
347,357
61,65-73
357
65-73
Judas,
275
275
Judas,

&,',,
, &
^(18,brother of the Lord, i..237,
^(18,commentator, 11.
Judas, prophet, i..485
. 29
(316),1.. 49
Judas, Galilean (Gaulonite),
^(^8,
Jude, Epistle of, 1..179,
485
179,257
29

257; H.
237,

49

. 4545

,, ,
;

Hierapolis, i..271,
271,281,
281,295,295,505
505 Julian,
^11^^^,Alexandrian martyr, ii. .105
105

,
. 179,
Hierax, 11. 179, 215
215 Julian,
^11^^,Bishop of Alexandria, i..461, 461,
.65, . 11

,
Hippolytus, ii. 65,69
69 501
501 ; ii. 11
1)8,
Hippolytus, unidentified, ii.
38, . 463
Hosius, ii. 463
.131131
^1^&,ii.
Juliana,
;

Julian, Bishop of Apamea, 1..481

. 65 55
481

88>
Hyginus, 1.•327,
327,329,
Hymenaeus, ii..171,

^,
/3$,
329,451,
171,211,
451,511
511
211,215,
215,243
243
8
^8^
Justin Martyr, 1. .821.825,
350-373,
359-373,517 517
321-325, 331
3311.,
,,

,
Hypotyposeis, .
Hyrcanus, i..53,

,
818,
,
. 65,
IcoNiusi, ii.
Ignatius, i..241,
i.
. 493
Ionia, 1.
. 465
ii, 43

65,145
241,
463
465
145
43
53, 61
61

281-291
281-291
^88,Bishop of Alexandria, i.1.
Justus,
309
309
88,
Justus of Tiberias, 1..231

/,,
.,8,
KALLISTIO, .
1. 469
469

LACEDAEMONIANS, .1. 879 379

231

*
»3,
Irenaeus, L.235 235f.,
.,297,
297,375,
375,445,
445,449.
449- 78,
,,, . 11
Laetus, il. 11

,
»,
, 461, 495-499,
495-499,509-515 Laodicaea, in Asia, 1..388,
388,507
461, 509-515 507
8)',
Ischyrion, ii. .111
111 1,»13,in Syria, ii..129,
Laodicea, 129,139,
189,229,
229,
831, 235,
235, 239

, ,
Ishmael, 1. . 77 239
Isodore H.
77
. 107
107 ,.,
Laranda, H.. 8565

,
,
.
Italy, 11.' 115,

JACOB, 1. 17
. 17
115,119,
119, 225
225 Larissa,
1&88»,1.. 391391
Latronianus, ii.
.9-15
Leonides, ii.
.459
9-15
459

, &86,i..105,
James, apostle,
293:465; .199,
293, 465 ii.
;
105,
199,201
,
127,
201
James, epistle of, i..179
179
127,129,
129,199,
199,
,,
,1)33, .159,
Libya, ii.

373, 445,
878,
159,165
.301,
Llcinius, ii.
165
301,817,
445, 467-479
817,850,
467-479
859, 865,
865, 371,
871.

487
487
,
,
^,',
INDEX OF PROPER NAMES

,^
,
,
8
,, .455

,
Units, L.191,
191,197,
197,233,
233,241,
241, 449
449 Mark, not identified, ii. 455
Longinus, ii. . 59
59 Mary, daughter of Eliezer, 1.. 213
^,
,
218

) ,
Lucian, martyr, ti..295,

, 11(1,
295,341
Lucian, not identified, ii.
341
.149
Mary, the
. 53
;1 Virgin, i..22, 22,26]
2611.,
., 459
459 ;;

,, ,
149 il. 53
'Rome, ii..139
8,
Lucius, Bishop of

- 8;>',i..367
Lucius, martyr, 367f.
.
139 &7, wife of Clopas, 1.. 275
Mary,
8)11,
Masbothei, i.. 377 377
. 455
275

,
Lucius, member of synod at An- Maternus, ii. 455
. 215 ;11\, i.. 251
»,tioch, ii. 215
8)3; .
Matthew, ff., 293,
2518•., 293, 297,
297, 455,
455,

8,
, -
Lucius, presbyter of Alexandria, ii.

,
463
463 ; iL
&18,
; . 7575

,
165
8
165 Matthias, apostle, 1.. 85, 85,103,
103, 259,
259,

,
Lucius, son of Caesar the philo-
sopher, i.. 833
(),
&,
333
267,
267, 295
Matthias,
295
&4)(}3, father of Josephus, ^0818, 1..

,
Lucius (Verus), Emperor, i.. 839 839 227
Lucuas, i.. 307

, 8, Maturus, 1.. 415,415, 425

307
,,
»,
Luke, I..195
1051.,
., 255,
255, 289,
289, 455 . 47,
455 ; ii. 47, 75
75 Mauretania, ii. .269,
425
2(59,461
401

,
;

Lupus, i.. 305

306 Maxentius, IL .303303f.,.,311, 359^
311,359 ff.

^, »,
Lusius, i.. 307
307
Lyons, i..407-445
Maximian, ii. . 299,
299, 303
303

,
407-445 Maximiiia, 1. . 471,
471, 479f.,
479 ., 485,
485, 993
493

, .
£)8,
18, »8,
MACAR, ii. 107
,
Lysanias, i.1. 75,
75, 117

Maccabees, 1.,229;
117

.229; ti. . 75
Maximin .,
Maximin 11.,
325,
325, 329,
. 81
1., ii.
II., ii.
329. 335-359,
81
. 301,
301,305.311,
335-359, 365.387
305-311, 317,
365-387
Maximinus, Bishop of Antioch, 1..
317,

,& 88,
75

8,
,
Macherus, I.. 3181 385,
885, 493
493

&, (
^
Macrianus, IL

,
1. 151
151 ff.,
., 189 1(», ,

,
189 Maximus, Bishop of Alexandria, ii.
Macrinus, ii.. 67

,
67 155,
155, 165 ., f., 215
215
Magna Graecia (South Italy), &7)•1.. 465 465 Maximus, Bishop of Bostra, ii. .211,
211,
Magnesia, i.. 281
281 215
215

,
,
»,
118,
,
Maichion, ii.
Malthus, ff.
Mamaea, ii.
(),
. 213
. 167
. 87
213 1
167
67
Maximus, Roman confessor, ii.
-«,
Maximus, writer, i.. 515
/.8)3, ii.
Mazabanes, . 95,95, 139,
515
139, 171
171
. 117
117

,
Manes (Mani), IL . 227
227 31eander, 1. . 281,
281, 483
483

^, ,
,
»0118, ii.
Marcelius,
. 25
Marcella, it. 25
Marcellinus, ii.. 229
. 157
229
157
Meletius, ii.
11;,-<?3>.
31
. 241f.
Malik', 1.. 335,
241 .
el itene,-tr4-95-;•.-ii. 269
335, 375,
269
375, 387-393,
387-393, 507,
507,

,
Martian, 1.. 515

,
,
Marcianus, ii.

)
Manion, 1.
515
Marcianists, i.. 377,

8, . 41
. 327
377, 483
41
327 .,
483

ff., 373,
373, 379,
379, 385,
. 169
385,
517
517 ; ii.

(1,
; . 47
.
MelOth, ii. 73
47
73
Menander, i.. 259
(388, 259 f.,
Menandrianists, i.. 377
., 315
315
377

,
395 f., 459,
395 ., 459, 467,
467, 483
483;; ii. 169 Mercuria, ii. . 107107
Marcius Turbo, 1.. 307 . 129
, 307
8»8,
Meruzanes, ii. 129

, . 141,
&0118 Aemilius, .i. 113
Marcus Mesopotamia, .i. 307, 807, 899899;; IL

,
141,
&018 Aurelius, i.. 333,
Marcus 333, 339,
339, 369,
369, 239
289

,887,

, ;,,
387, 405,
405, 445,
445, 447,
447, 461
401
1(&, Metras,
6(;£18, it. .101101

,
Marcus, Bishop of Alexandria, 1. 3fetrodorus, i.. 359 359

, ^•
329 . 445,

,
Marcus, Bishop of Jerusalem, 1.

,313,
313, 987

8 ,
467 •
1.
Milan, ii.

(18,
445, 447
447
1(;«18, Bishop of Rome, IL
Miltiades,
Miltiades, Montanist, i.. 473 473
. 455
455

, ,, «, ,
,
Marcus, heretic, 1.. 329 329 Miltiades, writer against 3lontan-
(),
Mama (31areia), .1. 149;149; ii.
Marinus, Bishop of Aries, ii.
. 181,
161, 185
.455
455
165 ists, 1.. 483
(1»1;8, ii.
Moderatus,
ff., 517
483'.,
. 59
517

»8, 59

,
Marinus, Bishop of Tyre, ii.

,;,
Marinus, martyr, ii.
Mark, evangelist, 1.
2511f.,
251

488
., 297,
297, 455
455;
.171
; 11.
171 f.
.
. 143f.,
. 49,
. 139
139

143 ., 179,
49, 75
75
179,
,
£.8;8, .i. 875,
Modesttis,
Montanus, 1.. 443,
83, 3}7«
875, 385
885
443,471-493
471-498
Moses, presbyter of Rome, ii.
Musaeus, IL . 237
287
. 125
125
,
,
INDEX OF PROPER NAMES

, ,,
,,
,
Musanus, i..375,
375, 395
395 »1, bishop, it.215
Panl,
Mysia, i.. 475
475
215
Paul, companion of Dionysins of
Alexandria, ii. .99,99, 165
]88
888,
NARCISSUS,. 1.465 465.,f.,505,
505,518
513; ii.
: . Paul,
165
»1, heretic at Alexandria, ii..15 15

, 33 88,3, L. 517;
33 39
39 .209-
»8,
', Paul of Samosata, 517 ti.

,
; 209-
Natalius, i..519519f.. 225,
225, 229,
229, 239
Nazareth, i.. 63 63 88, 239
Paulinus, Bishop of Tyre, ii. . 391,

,
391,

,
Nebuchadnezzar, 1.
Nemesion, ii. . 109
109
. 461
461 397,
397, 413
»18,
413
Paulinus, lay preacher, ii,
18, . 66
65

, ,
. 65 . 297
,
8,
Neon, ii.
Nepos, IL
65
. 191
Nero, i.. 161,
191 f.
161, 167
.
167 f.,
., 179
179 f.,
., 199,
199, 235,
235,
,
Patens, ii.
»,
Pella, 1.. 201,
297
201, 313
Pentapolis, ii.
313
.143,143, 209
209

3,
,
239,
239, 391
391
Nerva, i.. 241
241
Nicolaitans, i.. 267
38,
318,
Nicolas, I.. 267
267
267

. 59
,,
Pepuza, i.. 487,
487, 493
Perennius, i..501
Pergamon, i.. 359,

,
Persians, ii. . 227
501
493

359, 415
227
415

,
Nicomachus, ii. 59 Pertinax, i.. 515515
3,8,
Nicomas, IL . 211,
211, 215
215 Peter, apostle, i. .141-145,
141-145,181,181,191191 ff.,
«.,

,
Nicomedia, .L 379;
295,
295, 341,
341, 367
.
367
Nicopolis, it 53 53
379 ; .it 263,
263, 267
267 f.,
.,

,
,
, »,
257
257 .,
177,
f., 269,
177, 203
203
269, 291
291; u.
; . 41,
Peter, Bishop of Alexandria, iL
41, 4747 1.,
., 7575 f.,
.,

,
Niketas, i.. 347,
18,
Nilopolis, u.
3,
,
,
£8,
. 297
Mins, ii.
(),
297
347, 357
. 111
111
357

Novatus (Novatian), ii..113.131,

Numenius, ii.

, ,,,
Numerianus, ii.
. 59
. 461
. 225
225
113-131, 147
147 ,
8, ,
245,
245, 297,
297, 341

Peucetius, Ii.
Phaeno, ii.
341
Peter, companion of Dlonysius of

,
, Alexandria, ii.

. 383
. 295
295
. 99,
383
99, 165
Peter, imperial servant, iL
>'83
165
. 265
265 f.
.

,
Numidia, ii. 461 Pharisees, L. 377 377

ONESIMUS, Bishop of Ephesus, I..

1111,
Philadelphia, 1.. 283,
18, . 279.285,
283, 357
357
Phileas, ii. 279-285, 297 297
. 141
88,
281
281 Philemon, ii. 141 f..

,,
11;8, . 67,
^,
Onesimus, friend of Nelito, 1.. 393
8, .9-23,
Origen, ii. 9-23, 27-31,
27-31, 49-95
49-95
393 Philetus, ii. 67, 7171
Philip, apostle, i.. 271f. (?»•
271 . (Pavan.

8
,
,
Osrhoene, i.. 105,
105, 505
505 gelist), 293,
818), 293, 295,
295, 505

,
505
\&, i.. 183
Ostian Way, 183 Philip, Asiarch, 1.. 351 351
Otho, 1.
0(;3,
. 199
199
Otrous, L. 475
, 379, 385
;)»,
Philip, Bishop of Gortyna, f.. 375,

,
375,

,
475 379,

PACHYMIUS,.it 297
,
Philip, Emperor, ii.

,
»);, . 89-93
89-93

,
Philip, evangelist, i. .271 271f..(Y),
(?), 287
297
8 287
»18;,

,
888,
113 ; .
Palestine, .1. 113
Palmas, i.. 381,
381, 505
505
it 171
;171

,
Philip, son of Philip the Emperor,

, .
IL 89

,
Pamphilus, ii.. 87f.,
87 ., 241,
241, 297
297 Philip, tetrarch, i..75, 75,117,
117, 133
133
»38, . 175
Paneas, ii. Philo, 1.. 101,
101, 117.123, 145-159; ; ii
117-123, 145-159

,,
175

,
£88, . 175
Paneion, ii.

Paplas, i.
Papirius, i.
338, .
145,
175

145, 281,
. 507
Papylas, I. 359
507
359
.27, 43, 49, 61
Pantaenus, i..463 f.. ; ii.
8, .
463 ;

281, 291-299
291-299
27, 43, 49, 61
........
45,
45,

18,
237
Philomelium, 1.. 341
Philoromus, ii. . 279
(),
Philoumene, i.. 467
341
279
467
Phoenicia (Phoenice),.i. 107; 107; IL 11.

Paraetonium, . it 165
165 271, 295,
271, 295, 341,
341, 397
397
8<;1,
Parthia, i.. 53,
&1;8,
»8,
53, 191
Patmos, 1.. 235
191
. 201
235 ; 11. 8,
1)8». >• 343, 443; . 287
Phrygia, I. 343,
. 241,
Pierius, ii.
,, 241, 243
443; u. 287

,
; 201 243
Patricius, ii.. 463
463 Pilate, i.. 73
73 f.,
., 83,
83, 111, 121-127 ; .
111, 121-127
&,
Paul, apostle, i..181 181 f.,
.. 191,
191, 195 195 f.,
., 339, 343
339, 343
;

269; ii 177,
269,• 203 ,
177, 203 Pinnas, II.. 169
169

49
489
,
^,
8,
PMytus, 1.. 375,
INDEX OF PROPER NAMES
375, 381381 ,
8
Rhodo, i..467-471
467-471

, ,
Pionins, i.. 359
Pirucheum, ii.

, 8)
359
.231 231
Pius, Bishop of Rome, i..329, 829,451, ,
Rhone, 1.
Rhossus,
. 407,
108818,ii.

,
407, 437
. 41
41
437

Rufus, companion of Ignatius, 1. ^&,

,
451, 1.
511
511
Plato, i.. 117
^, 117 ; ii.
; . 59 59
,285
285
3\\&,i..811
Rufus, Governor of Judaea, 311

,
Pliny, i.. 277f.
277 . Ruth, i.. 63
63
,17
Plutarch, ii.

',
1))8,
Polybius, i.. 281
17
^^, .
SAI3ELL1178, ii. 143,143, 209

;
281 209

,
Poiycarp, i..265,

,
,
497 .,
1»8, f., 511

Pompey, 1.

8,
,
511 f.

Pontianus, E.
. 53,
Pontia, i.. 237
237
.
Polycrates, 1..271,
265,281.285,

271,503,
53, 61

. 71,
61

71, 81
281-285,335.359,

503,505-509

81
335-359,

505-509

, ,
83)8,
Sabinus, Praetorian Prefect, ii.
329 .,
8)8,
f., 365
365
Sabinus, Prefect of Egypt, II.
163
163
Sadducees, i.. 177,
8»88,i.. 387,
Sagaris,
177, 377
337, 507
507
377
. 97,
.
97,

,
,
Ponticus, i.. 433 433 8&1, i.. 71
Salome, 71
Pontius,
11113, i.
. 493;
493 ii. . 41 41 8»&3,
Samaritans, i.. 377 377

,
;

. 83,

,
Pontus, 1.. 329,
329, 331,
331, 881,
381, 505
505 ; II. 8»3(;3,
Samosata, i.. 517 . 209
517 ; ii. 209

,
; 83, ;

141,
141, 171,
171, 211,
211, 241,
241, 291,
291, 473
473 8&,8,i..415
Sanctus, 415ff.,
«".,425
4256.£.
.

,
Potamiaena, ii.

, , &», »,
.
Porphyry, li. 57-61

Pothious, i.. 421

Potitus, i.. 467
467
57-61
. 25 25 f.
421 f.,
.
{., 449
449

Primus, Bishop of Alexandria, 1..

305,
305, 809
309
8£»8,
Saracens, 11. 111
Sardis, i..335,
8»8{;8,i.. 445
Sarmatians,

8(;8,
111
335,887,

Saturninus, i..815,
Scythia, 1.. 191
191
387, 507
445
Saturnilians, i.. 377 377
815,395
507

395 .

^, 88
Primus, Bishop of Corinth, i.. 375 375 8^I8,i.. 121
Sejanus, 121
88,
^,
Priscilla, i..471,
471,487,

8», 1"»,,
487, 495
^8^
495
Priscus, father of Justin Martyr, i..
80118,
Septimius Severus, I..515
31
;.9,9,29,
515; II. 29

,
, &,
333
333 Septuagint, i.. 459459 f. . 51
. ; ii. 51 f.
.

83\,
;

Priscus,
80118, martyr, ii. .167 167 Serapion, Alexandrian, ii. .125
125 f.
)3, . 225 8», .

;,
Probus, ii.
58 225 Serapion, Bishop of Antioch, 1.1.

,
Proclus, bishop (7),
18,
^,, ,
Proclus, Montanlst, 1..183,

,
Protoctetua, ii.

,
Protogenes, II.

,
Ptolemais, ii.
. 81
. 215
. 143
81
215
143
. 215
(?), ii. 215
183,271; ;. 67
271 11.67

.
493f.,
493
868,
., 501
501 .
Serapion, martyr,
; . 8943
f. ; ii.
»>',ii..103
39-43

Serennius Grenianus, i.. 323

88,
Serenus, two martyrs named,
8118(»)18,
103

Servillius (Sergius) Paulus, I..387

8}',
323 f.
.
3(1,ii.. 23
387
23

, ,
Ptolemy, martyr, (a) ()1.. 367367 ; (b)
(6) ii. Seventy, the, i..79, 85, 87, 91,
79, 85, 87, 91, 105 105
8»,
)^, 8
;

109
109 Severs, IL . 9191
Ptolemy Philadelphus, ii. .237
237 Severiani, 1.. 397
397

)18,
Puldius, i.. 379
379
,&,
Ptolemy Soter, son of Lagus, i..459 459 f.. 88,
Severus, i.. 397
8(;8,1.. 515
Sextus,
397
515
Pythagoras, i..117, 117,317 317 8/1), . ii. 57
57
)&80»8,
Pythagoreans, II.

^, , ,;,
, . 59
^^^8, Bishop of Athens, i..
QUADRATIIS,
879
59 8(18,ii.
Sidonius,
88,1.. 485
Silas,
818, 1)8
485
Silvanus, two
295
. 117
117

1, bishops so 8named, Ii.11.

,
379 295
Quadratus,
^1(^&^18, prophet and apologist, 81, ^»
Simon, High Priest, 1.1. 77 77

».
i.
. 287,
287, 307
307 f.,
., 485
485 Simon, sorcerer, 1..109, 109,137-148,
137-148,315,

,
315,
. 101
88,
Quinta, li. 101 317,
317, 327,
327, 377
377

,
^^18,
Quintus, 1.
^^^^^3,
RECHAB,

49
4900
. 343
343
Quirinius, I.. 49
49

&1)1,
Rechabim, 1. 175
.455
Reticius, ii. 456
176
1.
Simonlans, I.. 377
8),
Smyrna, 1.. 281

,
8&68,sage, i. 368
Socrates,
88(;8,1.1. 83
Soathenes,
377
281 f.,

83
., 841,
841, 359

368
1.
859
Socrates, Bishop of Laodicea. jI. .229229
,
,
INDEX OF PROPER NAMES

,
8
,
Rotas, 1.

,(,,),,,
81,
. 495
495
Soter, 1.1. 373,
373,381,
381,399,
390,405,
405, 451,
451,511
;3<»,ii..239
Stephen, Bishop of Laodicea,
511
239
. 139,
1(8,
Theudas, i.. 133
Thmuis, 11.
»8,
Thomas, 1. 87,
8»3,
.
133 f.
. 279 .t
.

87, 91,
91, 107,
107, 191,
191, 259,
259, 29
29

'
Stephen, Bishop of Rome, ii. Thraseas, . i. 493,

,
493, 507

,
139,
)3, 507

, 8,
141
141 Tiberius, i.. 7373f.,
.,111
111 f.,
.,117
117
Stephen, one of the seven, .
107,
107, 199,
199, 441
441
I. 103,
103,
,,8188,
Timaeus, . IL 229
229
Timothy, Bishop of Ephesus, . I. 195

,,
195
Timothy, ""\)"
Symeon (Simeon, Simon), i.. 233,
241, 275,
241, 275, 279,
279, 311,
311, 875
375
233,

, boy " of Dionysius of

Alexandria, ii. . 97,
97,209
209

, ^,
Symmachus, Bishop of Jerusalem,
i.
.
818, 467
467
Symmachus, translator, ii.
^^8!I1,
. 51
51 81
',,Bishop in Crete, i.. 197
Titus,
68,Emperor, i.. 199,
Titus,
)8,
Tobias, I..91911..
197
199, 209,
209, 233
233

Syneros, i.. 469

'»,
Synnada, Ii.
8^8,
Syracuse, ii.

,
8»,iL
Syria,

088,
. 269
TAPOBIRIS, .
469
. 65,
269
65, 145
. 457
457

Ii. 97
145

,
,
Trajan, i..239
08,
},
239Lt.,
Troas, i.. 283
283
Trypho, i.. 371

^,
Tyrandon, ii.

,
Tyrannus, ii.
«•.,275

371 f.
Tymion, i.. 487487
.

.295
.229
295
275ff.,
«"., 807
807

,
97 229
&«&,i..363,
Tatian,
.
ii. 45
45
363,395395 f.,
.,467,
467,471,
471,517517;
;

., 8)
.229,
Tyre, ii. 229,271,

,
271,273,
273,295,
295,343,
343,397
397

,
Telesphorus, i..311,
118,
Tertullian, .

138,
Thebais, ii.
I. 113,
.9,9,269,
1)1;18,i..377

,
Theboutlils,

,,
Thelymidres, ii.
311,327,
113, 181,
Thaddaeus, i.. 85.97,
269,275,
377
.129,
327,451,

107
275,297

129,139
139
451,511
239,279,
181, 239,
85-97,107
297
511
279,447447f.
. ),88,
URBAN, Bishop of Rome, iL

,
,
Urbicius, .

8
.461
Ursua, ii.

-8,
,
461
367 .
.117
Urban, confessor, ii.
)8, I. 3671.

VALENTINIANS, .I. 377

,
,
117

377
. 67,
67, 71
71

,
,
Themiso,
116180.i.. 481,481, 489
489 Valentinus, i..327327f.,
.,337,
337,397
397
1)8;8,
Theoctistus, 11. . 31,
31, 63,
63, 79,
79,131,
131,139 Valerian, ii..151-155,
151-155,169

,,
139 169
Theodore, lay\& preacher, ii. . 6565 Valerins 0(;8,
Gratus, i.
. 77
77
Theodore, martyred bishop, 1)8,ii..297 297 Vatican, i.. 183
183
Theodore, unidentified, ii. .215215 Vespasian, i..175,
175,199,
199,225,
225,233,
233,285,
286,
Theodotion, . . 51
i. 459 ; ii. 51 1.
.

, 449
449

, (;8
;

1)1,i. .519,
Theodotus, banker, 523 CO Vetting Epagathus, i.. 409
1(11;8, ^»,
519, 523 (?)
.
409

,8 ,
Theodotus, Bishop of Laodicea, II. Victor, 1.. 271,
271,501,
501,505-513
505-513
241 Vienne, i. . 407,
407, 415
415

»
241
1<18,
^;,
)1)1,
Theodotus, cobbler, i. 519, .
Theodotus, Montanist, i..443,
18,
523 CO
519, 523
443,479
(?)
479 88
Xyrrrus I.
.,L.309,
309,311,
311,451
451
Theonas, ii.

,
373, 385
373,
1113,
385
.2432431. .

Theophilus, Bishop of Caesarea, 1.

503 1.,
., 613
513 ,
, 18,
Theophilus, Bishop of Antioch, 1..
8», 8,
, ;,
8,
.
Xystus II.,
209
209

ZABDAB,.
.141,
II.,ii. 141,147,

ii. 243
243
147,149,

Zacharias, martyr, 1..411

149,171

411
171

,
16118,

,
Theophilus, bishop not identified, Zacharias, priest, i. 411
. 411

,
. 215

&,, ,,
ii. 215
3.},iL.109
Theophilus, martyr, 109)8,
, Zadok, L. 49
49
Zebennus, 11.. 71,
71, 83
83

,
11&88,
18,
Theophrastus, i..523

171 .,

,
. 335
ii.
211, 215,

335 1.,
., 385
385
523

215,239
239
»,
Theotecnus, Bishop of Caesarea, ii.
171 f , 211,
Theotecnus, Curator of Antioch,

Therapeutae,Therapeutrides,.147-
.
8,67
67
. 109
Zeno, ii. 109
Zenobius,iL . 295
295
Zephyrinus, I.. 181,
181, 517,
517, 521;

Zeus, the Befriender, if.

Zosimus, i.. 285
.337
337
. 49,
521 D.; 49,

,
147- 285
157
157 Zoticus or Cumane, i..481, 481,493
493
1881,
Thessalonica, i.. 391 391 Zoticus of Otrous,
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(2 .)
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Peck.

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ON BREATH. W.

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ARISTOTLE: ORGANON. H. P.
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ARISTOTLE : ON THE SOUL, PARVA NATURALIA,

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80.:
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LYCOPHRON. Cf.
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LYRA GRAECA.^.
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J. M. Edmonds. 3 Vols. (Vol. I. .

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3rd Imp., Vol. II. 2nd Ed. revised and enlarged, Vol. III.
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LYSIAS. W. (<2 Imp.)
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MANETHO. W. ^. G. Waddell. PTOLEMY: TETRA-
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.E. Robbins.
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.:
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SOPHISTS. Wilmer Cave Wright.
PINDAR. Sir ^.

W. R. M. Lamb.
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\^.
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NUS, EPISTULAE. Rev. R.

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....,
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(Vol. .I. 2nd Imp., Vol. II. 3rd Imp.)

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AND SYMPOSIUM. .
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3 Vols. (2nd Imp.)
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XENOPHON : HELLENICA, ANABASIS, APOLOGY,
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L. Brownson and 0. J.

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THE LOEB CLASSICAL LIBRARY

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VOLUMES IN PREPARATION

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GREEK AUTHORS

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ALCIPHRON. A. R. Benner and F. H. Fobcs.

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ARISTOTLE: DE MUNDO, etc. W. \.K. C. Guthrie.
ARISTOTLE: HISTORY OH' ANIMALS. A. L.
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ARISTOTLE: METEOROLOGICA. H. D. I'. Lee.
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..Peck.

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DEMOSTHENES: EPISTLES, eta. N. W. and N. J. ^.
DeWitt.

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LATIN AUTHORS

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[CICERO:]:] AD IIERENNIUM. H. Caplan.

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CICERO : PRO SESTIO, IN VATINIUM, PRO
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S. AUGUSTINE : CITY OF GOD. J.^.H. Baxter.

CAELIO, DE PROVINCIIS CONSULARIBUS, PRO

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BALBO. J.^.H. Freese and R. Gardner.
CURTIUS, ^.:
Rolfe.
Q.: HISTORY OF ALEXANDER. J.
PltUDENTIUS. H. J. .
^.Thomson.
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