Alternate Names

of Places
 ALSO BY ADRIAN ROOM
AND FROM MCFARLAND

African Placenames: Origins and Meanings of the Names

for Natural Features, Towns, Cities, Provinces and Countries, 2d ed. (2008)
The Pronunciation of Placenames: A Worldwide Dictionary (2007)
Nicknames of Places: Origins and Meanings of the Alternate and Secondary Names,
Sobriquets, Titles, Epithets and Slogans for 4600 Places Worldwide (2006)
Placenames of the World: Origins and Meanings of the Names for 6,600 Countries,
Cities, Territories, Natural Features and Historic Sites, 2d ed. (2006)
Dictionary of Pseudonyms: ¡¡,000 Assumed Names and Their Origins, 4th ed. (2004)
Placenames of France: Over 4,000 Towns, Villages,
Natural Features, Regions and Departments (2004; paperback 2009)
Encyclopedia of Corporate Names Worldwide (2002; paperback 2008)
A Dictionary of Art Titles: The Origins of the
Names and Titles of 3,000 Works of Art (2000; paperback 2008)
A Dictionary of Music Titles: The Origins of the
Names and Titles of 3,500 Musical Compositions (2000; paperback 2008)
Literally Entitled: A Dictionary of the Origins of
the Titles of Over ¡,300 Major Literary Works
of the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries (¡996; paperback 2009)
Placenames of Russia and the Former Soviet Union:
Origins and Meanings of the Names for Over 2,000
Natural Features, Towns, Regions and Countries (¡996)
The Naming of Animals: An Appellative Reference to Domestic,
Work and Show Animals Real and Fictional (¡993)
Corporate Eponymy: A Biographical Dictionary of the
Persons Behind the Names of Major American,
British, European and Asian Businesses (¡992)
Alternate Names
of Places
A Worldwide Dictionary
ADRIAN ROOM

McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers

Jefferson, North Carolina, and London
 LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOGUING-IN-PUBLICATION DATA
Room, Adrian.
Alternate names of places : a worldwide dictionary / Adrian Room.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references.

ISBN 978-0-7864-3712-2
softcover : 50# alkaline paper

1. Gazetteers. I. Title.
G105.R648 2009 910.3 — dc22 2009017992

British Library cataloguing data are available

©2009 Adrian Room. All rights reserved

No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form

or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying
or recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system,
without permission in writing from the publisher.

On the cover: Green hills near Golden Bay, South Island, New Zealand;
globe; both ©2009 Shutterstock

Manufactured in the United States of America

McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers

Box 611, Jefferson, North Carolina 28640
www.mcfarlandpub.com
 Contents

Introduction
1

The Placenames
7

Appendix I:
Names of Places in Non-English Languages
235

Appendix II:
Fictional Names of Places
246

Select Bibliography
255

v
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 Introduction

This new type of geographical diction- not even associated with the place in question.
ary lists the alternate names, current and his- Many Soviet places were simply given a gen-
torical, by which over 7,000 places in the erally Communist name, typically with the el-
world are or have been known. (The actual ement Krasno-, “red,” to reflect the new
number of alternate names is nearer 9,000, regime, while others were renamed for Lenin
since many places have or had more than one or Stalin without any local connection with
such name.) these leaders. Some such renamings remain on
For the purposes of this record, an alter- the map today, almost 20 years after the demise
nate name is one that bears or bore an official of the Soviet state.
or at least a semiofficial status, rather than Ideological renaming of this kind was not
being simply a nickname or a colloquial abbre- confined to the USSR, and some towns else-
viation. where in the Socialist bloc took on new names,
An alternate name may be a respelling, as such as Hungary’s Dunaújváros, which for a
when a name is restored to a correct form from decade was Sztálinváros, or the former East
a corrupt original, or it may even be in a com- Germany’s Chemnitz, which for almost forty
pletely different language, as when one coun- years was on the map as Karl-Marx-Stadt.
try is occupied or conquered by another, a fate There were few such renamings in Poland, a
that historically befell many European states. country recast with German placenames dur-
Not all name changes are the result of ing World War II, but from 1946 to 1992 the
hostilities. Sometimes settlers in virgin terri- city of Podgorica in the former Yugoslavia hon-
tory find it hard to decide on a suitable name ored the republic’s first president as Titograd.
for their place of settlement. There are thus In countries of central and eastern Eu-
places in the United States that have under- rope such as these, a new name was often
gone more than one change of name, such as based on a previous name, which was either
Glen Ellyn, Illinois, which finally arrived at its adapted to the succeeding new language or
present name after a run of six successive ear- where possible translated into it. Thus the Slo-
lier names. vakian town of Nové Mesto nad Váhom, with
The choice of a new name for a place a name meaning “new town on the Váh,” for
may be politically motivated, as the hundreds the river on which it lies, was earlier known
of towns and villages renamed in the former by the Hungarian name Vágújhely and Ger-
Soviet Union. Here two birds were often killed man name Waag-Neustadt, with “new town”
with one stone, since an undesirable or polit- translated into the superseding language and
ically incorrect name could be abolished and the form of the river name accommodated to
replaced with a new politically correct one, it.
which often as not bore no relationship to the Many places around the world have roots
earlier name. In some cases, a new name was that go deep into history, with an original

1
Introduction 2

name in a now extinct language. Names of exist in tandem, but with English usually
biblical origin are often of this type, as are the being the official form. (Irish equivalents for
numerous places in the Roman Empire with names in Northern Ireland exist but are gen-
Latin names. Such names, marked “Roman” in erally not official. They are included in the
the present book rather than “Latin,” in turn dictionary, however. In this respect, care is
are often of earlier origin, dating back several needed in differentiating between “northern
centuries BC to a defunct language such as an- Ireland,” in the Irish Republic, and “Northern
cient Greek or Phoenician. The Roman names Ireland,” as part of the United Kingdom.) In
of places in France are thus often Gallo- Wales, English still mostly predominates, but
Roman, and based on Gaulish, a Celtic lan- the Welsh names are invariably used in Welsh-
guage. language texts, as in the media and official leg-
In countries with a colonial heritage there islation. Most places in Scotland have equiv-
can be a complete change of language, with a alent Gaelic names (listed in Edward Dwelly’s
native name replaced by a European one, itself Illustrated Gaelic-English Dictionary) but in
in more recent times either reverting to its in- regular use retain the English forms of their
digenous original or assuming a new native names. An exception is the Gaelic-speaking
form. Not many European names remain Western Isles, where the town of Stornoway
today on the map of Africa, although English now officially appears on maps in its Gaelic
names are still a significant presence in coun- guise of Steornabagh, as do most villages and
tries such as Australia and New Zealand, de- natural features, including the islands them-
spite the prevalence of native names, here re- selves. (Many of these names are not actually
spectively Aboriginal and Maori. An Gaelic in origin but Scandinavian, so that the
analogous situation exists in the United States Gaelic form is simply a respelling. Stornoway
and Canada, where names of European origin itself is one such.)
in languages such as English, French, and In the Basque Country of northern Spain
Spanish remain widespread on the map and southwestern France, places are now often
amongst the numerous Indian names. In known by their Basque names in addition to,
South America, and especially Latin America, or instead of, their respective Spanish or
Spanish and Portuguese names are visibly in French names. A similar situation applies in
evidence today as replacements for historical Brittany, northwestern France, where Breton
Indian names. It goes without saying, of names are often bracketed with their French
course, that not all European placenames in equivalents, while in Catalonia, northeastern
countries with a colonial past are substitutions Spain, Catalan names are now regularly given
for native names, as a good number of such pride of place on the map, in acknowledgment
names are those of newly-founded settle- of the region’s status as an autonomous com-
ments. munity. In Switzerland some places have as
In many countries today more than one many as four different forms of name in each
language is spoken, so that places officially of the country’s official languages, French,
bear two names. Thus, places in Belgium often German, Italian, and Romansh, this last being
bear both French and Flemish names, while the local language.
places in Ireland are known by an English For the purposes of this dictionary, alter-
name and an Irish and places in Wales by an nate current names are often not simply vari-
English name and a Welsh. In Belgium, the ant spellings but distinctively different. Thus,
official form of the name is usually French in the name of La Guajira, a department of
the south and Flemish in the north and east, northeastern Colombia, is also spelled La Goa-
while in Ireland the Irish and English names jira and La Goagira, but these are basically one
 3 Introduction

and the same name, not significant alternates. uation is created in which alternate names be-
The same goes for names that are essentially a come current, sometimes for years, and cer-
shorter version of an original much longer tainly long enough to feature on maps and in
name. In such cases the present name is ex- gazetteers, even if the old name is regarded as
actly the same as the main part of the histor- secondary and is printed in parenthesis. Some
ical name, so is not a true alternate. Many co- atlases retain the old name for the physical or
lonial Spanish and Portuguese names in the geographic map of a region, giving the new
Americas began life as an impressive religious name in the political map. Thus, Philip’s Great
dedication, incorporating a saint’s name, but World Atlas (see Select Bibliography, p. 255)
today only the basic name or word remains. shows the location of the New Hebrides in its
Such are Argentina’s San Pedro de Jujuy, now physical map of Australia and Oceania, but
usually San Pedro, Uruguay’s Santo Domingo de names the island republic Vanuatu in the cor-
Soriano, now Soriano, and Brazil’s São Miguel responding political map.
de Jucurutu, now normally Jucurutu. Names The traditional English spelling of well-
of this type are generally absent from the dic- known names also persists in general use, even
tionary. But where an earlier lengthy name has in the media and works of reference. Thus,
now been superseded by a different shorter The Times Style and Usage Guide, published in
one, they duly feature. Brazil’s Santo Antônio 2003, recommends such spellings as Dunkirk,
de Leverger has a name previously shortened Gothenburg, and Lyons, as well as the conven-
to Leverger and before that Santo Antônio, but tionally accepted Brussels, Cologne, and Venice,
it originated as Santo Antônio do Rio Abaixo. Its while the 11th edition of The Chambers Dic-
name has thus changed and is therefore in- tionary, published as recently as 2008, de-
cluded. Where a well-known name in one of scribed the World War I Western Front as a
these two languages has an interesting origin, belt of land running from the Belgian coast
however, it is generally included. A famous “through Rheims to Verdun.” Not surpris-
example is California’s Los Angeles, which ingly, the anomalous situation forms a recur-
began life as El Pueblo de la Reyna de Los An- ring topic of discussion in the press.
geles on a river that the Spanish christened Por- Entries in the dictionary give the current
ciúncula in honor of Nuestra Señora la Reyna de name, location, and description of the place
los Angeles de Porciúncula, “Our Lady the followed by its one or more present or past al-
Queen of Angels of the Little Portion.” Today ternate names, preceded by qualifying words
the city’s name has reduced even further to a such as “formerly,” “conventional,” “origi-
colloquial LA. nally,” and in the case of former names by a
A broad range of places have abandoned date, where known, of the relevant name
a colonial name in favor of an indigenous one, change. Names beginning with a numeral are
from towns and cities in Africa, such as located alphabetically as if the numeral were
Harare, formerly Salisbury, and Lubumbashi, spelled out in the language concerned. Thus,
formerly Élisabethville, to South Pacific islands 26 Bakinskikh Kommunarov, imeni is located
such as Fatu Hiva, formerly Magdalena Island, between Duzkend and Dvigatel’stroy since the
and Nanumanga, formerly Hudson Island. In numeral represents Russian dvadtsat’ shest’,
such cases, however official and publicly pro- “twenty-six.” The same applied to names con-
moted the name change, the old name often taining a numeral other than as the first word.
continues in general use alongside the new. If Thus, Pio IX is located between Pionersky and
the inhabitants of a place, or those familiar Piotrków Trybunalski, since the (Roman) nu-
with it, have long known it by a particular meral represents Portuguese nono, “ninth.”
name which is then replaced by another, a sit- The geographical location of a place is
Introduction 4

usually given as a “compass” indication in the southern Kuril Islands, territory which passed
country concerned, as “eastern France,” to Japan following the Russo-Japanese War of
“northwestern Turkey,” “southern Russia.” In 1904–05.
extensive English-speaking countries such as Where the name includes a generic term
the United States, Canada, and Australia, the such as “Islands” or “Mt.” this is not repeated
place is additionally located by state, province, in the description, so that for example Bonin
or other administrative region. It should be Islands and McKinley, Mt. simply have their
noted that the “compass” indication is that of respective locations (“western Pacific,” “Alaska,
the place in the country, rather than that of northwestern United States”). The designa-
the administrative region, although the two tions “village,” “town,” and “city” do not de-
may coincide. For example, Cambridge Bay is note official status but define a place in terms
in northern Canada in the territory of of approximate size of population, so that “vil-
Nunavut, while Cape Dorset, also in Nunavut, lage” denotes a small community with under
is in northeastern Canada. The disparity oc- 3,000 residents, “town” a larger settlement
curs because Nunavut itself is a large region. with up to 20,000 inhabitants, and “city” a
Where the named region is smaller, as one of center with a population greater than this.
the northeastern states of the USA, the geo- Similarly, status titles such as “capital” or “cen-
graphical location will tally with that of the ter of government” are not used, although
place within the country as a whole. Thus countries that are republics are designated as
Lackawanna, in the northeastern state of New such.
York, is in the northeast of the United States, In the main part of the entry, a date pre-
but San Diego, in the western state of Califor- ceded by the word “to” indicates either that
nia, the third-largest state in the country, is an original name was current up to or through
more precisely in the southwest of the United that date or else that the name was in use over
States rather than simply in the west of the an unspecified period some time before the
country. stated year. It should be noticed that the dates
In cases where places of identical name run in reverse chronological order, with the most
are located in the same geographical section recent former name given first and the earliest
of a country and are not otherwise distin- last. Thus Dearborn, Michigan, was formerly
guished by administrative region, a more exact known as Dearbornville; then before that
pin-pointing is given by means of “near” and Pekin; then before that Bucklin; and ultimately,
the name of a local town or city. This typi- as its original name, Ten Eyck. Where a name
cally occurs in Russia, where for example there was current over two separate historical peri-
are two places Donskoye in the western part of ods, however, the dates run chronologically.
the country, one near Kaliningrad, the other Thus, Beijing (formerly Peking) was known as
near Lipetsk. (Administrative regions are not Peiping from 1368 to 1403 and again from 1928
given in non–English-speaking countries, even to 1949, and these two periods are given in
in extensive lands such as Russia, as these may normal sequence. In a few cases, where a name
be of little significance to the general English- switches more than once from one language
speaking reader, who in this particular case to another, the recurring name is repeated for
would need to “place” the oblasti of Kalin- sake of clarity. Thus, the city of Cahul in
ingrad and Lipetsk, named for their respec- Moldova, known when in the Soviet Union
tive capitals.) It should be observed that for- by the Russian name Kagul, bore its present
mer names in eastern Russia identified as Romanian name from 1919 to 1940, its Russian
Japanese are almost exclusively in the southern name before that from 1878 to 1918, its Ro-
half of the Kamchatka peninsula and the manian name before that from 1856 to 1878,
 5 Introduction

and its Russian name before that from 1812 to Canada, English names were largely replaced
1856. The entry thus reads: 1919–1940 Ro- by Inuit (Eskimo) ones following the creation
manian Cahul, 1878–1918 Russian Kagul, of the territory of Nunavut in 1999 from the
1868–1878 Romanian Cahul, 1812–1856 Rus- eastern region of the Northwest Territories. In
sian Kagul. eastern Europe and central Asia new names
The dates themselves are frequently a appeared in most of the former Soviet re-
significant pointer to historical events, espe- publics as they celebrated independence in or
cially in Europe. Thus, 1809 was the year soon after 1991, the year that brought the col-
when Sweden ceded Finland to Russia, result- lapse of the Soviet Union as a whole.
ing in wholesale renaming, while the recur- Placenames in the USSR usually became
ring date 1878 marks the Congress of Berlin at known to the world in their Russian forms,
the end of the Russo-Turkish War, following even where the local language was not even
an era during which the declining Ottoman Slavonic. In such cases, the Russian forms are
Empire fought a series of wars with Poland, given in round brackets (parentheses). Names
Austria, and Russia. That year saw the estab- in a local language differing from the accepted
lishment of Bulgaria as an autonomous prin- English form of the name are by contrast given
cipality and the beginning of that country’s in square brackets. Thus the country called by
abandonment of the Turkish placenames that the English Latvia is known to the Latvians as
had hitherto existed. The wholesale bulgar- Latvija (in square brackets), was known to the
ization of such names, however, did not take Russians when in the Soviet Union as Latviya
place until 1934, following the installation of (in round brackets), and when under German
Kimon Georgiev as prime minister and the rule was named Lettland (unbracketed). For-
“national restoration” policy of his dictatorial mer Russian names are mostly given for places
regime. in countries speaking a language closely allied
Dates relating to World War I (1914–18) to Russian, as particularly Ukraine and Be-
and World War II (1939–45) usually involve larus. In these countries there may thus be lit-
the invasion and occupation of one country tle difference between the names in the respec-
by another or, conversely, a peace treaty end- tive languages, and they will require careful
ing hostilities and establishing a new territo- distinction.
rial order. Poland, for example, was occupied As a matter of linguistic precision, it
by Germany in both world wars and invaded should be noted that an apostrophe in a Rus-
by Soviet armies during the latter. The lan- sian name represents a soft sign, a character
guage names “German,” “Polish,” and “Rus- (denoting palatalization of the preceding con-
sian,” among others, appear regularly over this sonant) often omitted in transcription. But in
period. Ukrainian and Belorussian the apostrophe is an
As stated, not all new names were cre- integral part of the orthography, and should
ated as a result of war or oppressive hegemony, properly never be omitted. In the present
and in several instances a renaming marked book, the apostrophe thus appears in names in
the achievement of autonomy. Greenland, still all three languages.
today an integral part of the Danish realm, A special situation applies to alternate
changed most of its names from Danish to placenames in China, where names have two
Greenlandic when the island was granted forms. The traditional way of romanizing Chi-
home rule in 1979, and many of the towns and nese names is the so-called Wade-Giles sys-
cities in northeastern South Africa abandoned tem, devised in the mid–19th century by two
their Afrikaans or English names in favor of British scholars, Thomas Wade and Herbert
African ones from the 1990s. In northern Giles. Distinguished by its use of hyphens and
Introduction 6

apostrophes, the latter denoting aspiration in places have more than one present or past al-
consonants, it produced such names as Hei- ternate name. Names mentioned in an entry’s
lung-chiang, Liao-ning, Nan-ch’ang, and Ch’ing- appended comment are also cross-referenced.
hai. This contrasts with the prevalent Pinyin Since language plays a significant role in
(literally, “spell sound”) system, adopted from alternate names, Appendix I, p. 235, lists a se-
1956 and now officially prescribed for English- lection of names of well-known places in lan-
speaking countries. Examples of Pinyin names guages other than English, if only because
with their Wade-Giles equivalents are Chang- modern atlases, maps, and gazetteers give pref-
zhi (Ch’ang-chih), Guiyang (Kuei-yang), Nan- erence to the local name of a place, rather than
tong (Nan-t’ung), and Xiantan (Hsiang-t’an). its traditional English form. As explained in
The name for China itself is Zhongguo or the preamble to this Appendix, the languages
Zhonghua in Pinyin, Chung-kuo or Chung-hua chosen for this purpose belong to different lin-
in Wade-Giles. The present book uses Pinyin, guistic families.
but for its particular purpose does not treat Appendix II, p. 246, is devoted to a spe-
the two forms of names as alternates. Such cial category of alternate names, as a selection
pairs could alone make up a gazetteer of their of fictional names of places, meaning not
own. This does not mean that Chinese names fictional places, but real places known in liter-
are altogether excluded, since some have tra- ature by fictional names. The names of the au-
ditional English forms (as Nanking for Nan- thors in whose work or works these names ap-
jung) and others, as elsewhere, have historical pear are also given. In a few noteworthy cases,
forms (as Nanning, formerly Yongning). a place has officially adopted its fictional name,
Several entries have appended comments. either by a name change or by adding the lit-
The purpose of such additions is either to pro- erary name to its real name. Thus Oliver
vide information regarding the circumstances Goldsmith’s “Sweet Auburn! loveliest village
of a name change or to explain the origin or of the plain” gave not only the name of the
meaning of a name where this is relevant to village in Ireland but also the names of several
such a change. Sometimes an important event Auburns in the United States. In France, the
such as a battle or treaty has resulted in the town of Illiers added Combray, Marcel Proust’s
historical survival of an earlier name, and in name for it, to become Illiers-Combray.
such cases the key facts are provided. The bat- The Select Bibliography that closes the
tle of Eylau in the Napoleonic Wars was thus dictionary (p. 255) lists works directly related
waged near the Russian village now known as to alternate placenames, from discursive stud-
Bagrationovsk, and that of Königgrätz, in the ies to modern and historical gazetteers and at-
Austro-Prussian War, around the Czech town lases.
now named Hradec Králové.
A key feature of the dictionary is the Stamford, Lincolnshire, England
cross-references. These necessarily outnum- Summer 2009
ber the main entries, since as stated some
T H E D I C T I O N A RY

Aabenraa see Åbenrå Abbeyleix (town, east central Ireland) : Irish

Aachen (city, western Germany) : formerly Mainistir Laoise
French Aix-la-Chapelle; Roman Aquae Grani; Abdalyar see Lachin
alternate Roman Aquisgranum (The French Abdera see Adra
name is associated with the treaties of 1668, Abegweit see Prince Edward Island
ending the War of Devolution, and of 1748, Abellinum see Avellino
ending the War of Succession. In 1818 the city Abemama (atoll, western Kiribati) : formerly
hosted the Conference of the Holy Alliance, or Roger Simpson Island
Congress of Aix-la-Chapelle.) Åbenrå (city, southern Denmark) : alternate
Aalborg see Ålborg Aabenraa; 1864–1920 German Apenrade
Aalst (city, west central Belgium) : French Alost Aberafan see Aberavon
Aargau (canton, northern Switzerland) : French Aberavon (village, southern Wales) : Welsh Aber-
Argovie afan (The village is now a district of Port Tal-
Aarhus see Århus bot.)
Aarlen see Arlon Aberbrothock see Arbroath
Aasiaat (town, western Greenland) : formerly Abercorn see (1) Mbala; (2) Shamva
Danish Egedesminde Aberdâr see Aberdare
Aat see Ath Aberdare (town, southern Wales) : Welsh Ab-
Abakan (town, southern Russia) : 1925–1931 erdâr
Khakassk; to 1925 Ust’-Abakanskoye Aberdaugleddau see Milford Haven
Abakanskoye see Krasnoturansk Aberdovey (town, western Wales) : Welsh Ab-
Abakansko-Zavodskoye see Abaza erdyfi
Abakumova see Dzhansugurov Aberdyfi see Aberdovey
1
Abay (city, east central Kazakhstan) : to 1961 Abergavenny (town, southeastern Wales) : Welsh
Churubay-Nura Y Fenni; Roman Gobannium
2
Abay (town, southern Kazakhstan) : formerly Abergwaun see Fishguard
Abay-Bazar Aberhonddu see Brecon
Abay see Karaul Abermo see Barmouth
Abaya, Lake (southern Ethiopia) : formerly Ital- Aberpennar see Mountain Ash
ian Lake Margherita Abertawe see Swansea
Abay-Bazar see 2Abay Aberteifi see Cardigan
Abaza (town, southern Russia) : formerly Abilene (town, Kansas, central United States) :
Abakansko-Zavodskoye (The present name is to c.1860 Mud Creek
an abbreviated form of the lengthy original, Abingdon Island see Pinta, Isla
comprising the initial syllables of its two Ableman see Rock Springs
parts.) Åbo see Turku
Abbatis Villa see 1Abbeville Abona see (1) Avon; (2) Sea Mills
Abbazia see Opatija Abovyan (town, central Armenia) : to 1963 Elar
1
Abbeville (town, northern France) : Roman Ab- Abrene see Pytalovo
batis Villa Abu Simbel (village, southern Egypt) : alternate
2
Abbeville (town, Louisiana, southern United Abu Sunbul
States) : originally La Chapelle Abu Sunbul see Abu Simbel

7
Abyssinia 8

Abyssinia see Ethiopia Adramyttium see Edremit

Acadia (historic territory, eastern North Amer- Adrano (town, southern Italy) : to 1929 Adernò;
ica) : 1604–1713 French Acadie (Acadia was Roman Hadranum
centered on Nova Scotia, Canada, but also in- Adria (town, northeastern Italy) : Roman Atria
cluded New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island, Adria see Adriatic Sea
and a coastal area extending as far south as Adrianople see Edirne
Maine, USA.) Adrianopolis see Edirne
Acadie see Acadia Adrianoupolis see Edirne
Acate (village, southern Italy) : to c.1937 Biscari Adriatic Sea (southern Europe) : Roman Adria;
Accadînlar see Dulovo alternate Roman Mare Adriaticum
Accho see Acre Adygeysk (town, southwestern Russia) :
Acelum see Asolo 1976–1992 Teuchezhsk
Acerra (town, southern Italy) : Roman Acerrae Adzhibakul see QazimImmId
Acerrae see Acerra Aegidia see Koper
Achadh an Iúir see Virginia Aegium see Aíyion
Achadh na Gréine see 3Auburn Aegyptus see Egypt
Achelous (river, central Greece) : alternate an- Aelana see Aqaba
cient Greek Aspropotamos Aelia Capitolina see Jerusalem
Achkhoy-Martan (village, southwestern Russia) Aemilianum see Millau
: 1944–c.1965 Novosel’skoye Aemilian Way see Via
Açores see Azores Aeminium see Coimbra
A Coruña see La Coruña Aenaria see Ischia
Acquackanonk see Passaic Aenona see Nin
Acqui Terme (town, northwestern Italy) : Aenos see Enez
Roman Aquae Statiellae Aeoliae Insulae see Lipari Islands
Acraephnium see Karditsa Aeolian Islands see Lipari Islands
Acre (city, northern Israel) : [Hebrew ‘Akko]; for- Aesernia see Isernia
merly French St.-Jean d’Acre; ancient Greek Aesis see Jesi
and biblical (New Testament) Ptolemais; earlier Aethalia see Elba
biblical (Old Testament) Accho (The city’s Afars and Issas see Djibouti
name is associated with several historic sieges Affreville see Khemis Miliana
including the unsuccessful French one of Afonso Pena see Conceição do Almeida
1799.) Agadès see Agadez
Acunum see Montélimar Agadez (city, west central Niger) : formerly
Adams (town, Massachusetts, northeastern French Agadès
United States) : to 1778 East Hoosuck Agatha see Agde
Adam’s Peak (mountain, south central Sri Agawam see Ipswich
Lanka) : Singhalese Samanala Agbulakh see Tetri-Tskaro
Adana see Aden Agde (town, southern France) : ancient Greek
Ad Dakhla see Dakhla Agatha
Ad Daw∏ah see Doha Agedincum see Sens
Ad Dijlah see Tigris Agen (town, southwestern France) : Roman
Adélie Coast (region, eastern Antarctica) : alter- Aginnum
nate Adélie Land Agincourt (village, northern France) : French
Adélie Land see Adélie Coast Azincourt (The English name is associated
Adelnau see Odolanów with the battle of 1415 in which the English
Adelphi see Arkansas City won a famous victory over the French.)
Adelsberg see Postojna Aginnum see Agen
Aden (city, southern Yemen) : Roman Adana Agnetendorf see JagniRtków
(Some biblical scholars have identified the Agosta see 1Augusta
Eden of Ezekiel 27:23 with Aden.) Agra and Oudh, United Provinces of see Uttar
Adernò see Adrano Pradesh
Adîncata see Hlyboka Agram see Zagreb
Adqyaman (city, southeastern Turkey) : to 1926 Ağrq Dağq see Ararat
Hüsnümansur Agrigento (town, southern Italy) : to 1927 Gir-
Adra (town, southeastern Spain) : Roman Abdera genti; Roman Agrigentum
 9 Aksu

Agrigentum see Agrigento Aix-en-Provence (city, southeastern France) :

Agrínion (town, west central Greece) : formerly Roman Aquae Sextiae
Vrakhóri Aix-la-Chapelle see Aachen
Agua Caliente see Palm Springs Aix-les-Bains (town, eastern France) : Roman
Aguaí (city, southeastern Brazil) : to 1944 Cas- Aquae Gratianae
cavel Aíyion (city, southwestern Greece) : Roman
Agüecha see Ahuachapán Aegium
Agylla see Cerveteri Aizkraukle (town, south central Latvia) : 1967–
Ahaggar (mountains, southern Algeria) : alter- 1991 Stuchka; to 1967 Russian imeni Petra
nate conventional Hoggar Stuchki
Ahfir (town, northeastern Morocco) : to c.1959 Aizpute (town, western Latvia) : to 1918 German
Martimprey-du-Kiss Hasenpoth
Ahmadabad (city, northwestern India) : alternate Ajemler see Aksakovo
Ahmedabad Ajo (town, Arizona, southwestern United States)
Ahmadnagar (city, west central India) : alternate : originally Muy Vavi
Ahmednagar Akchi-Karasu see Toktogul
Ahmedabad see Ahmadabad Akdeniz see Mediterranean Sea
Ahmednagar see Ahmadnagar Akdepe (town, northern Turkmenistan) : for-
Ahuachapán (city, western El Salvador) : for- merly Russian Leninsk
merly Agüecha; originally Güeciapam Akhali Ap’oni (town, northwestern Georgia) :
Ahunui (atoll, central French Polynesia) : for- (Russian Novy Afon); to 1948 Psirtskha
merly Byam Martin Island Akhisar (city, western Turkey) : biblical Thya-
Ahvenanmaa see Åland tira
Aigues-Mortes (town, southern France) : Roman Akhisar see Krujë
Aquae Mortuae Akhmnm (city, east central Egypt) : Roman
Aïn Azel (town, northeastern Algeria) : to c.1962 Chemmis, ancient Greek Panopolis
French Ampère Akhta see Hrazdan
Aïn Beïda (town, northeastern Algeria) : to Akhunbabayev (town, eastern Uzbekistan) : to
c.1962 French Daoud 1975 Sufikishlak
Aïn Beniane (town, northern Algeria) : to c.1962 Akhuryan (village, northwestern Armenia) : to
French Guyotville 1945 Duzkend
Aïn Berda (town, northeastern Algeria) : to Akkadqnlar see Dulovo
c.1962 French Penthièvre Akkad≠nlar see Dulovo
Aïn Defla (town, northern Algeria) : to c.1962 Akkerman see Bilhorod-Dnistrovs’kyy
French Duperré ‘Akko see Acre
Aïn el Hammam (town, northern Algeria) : to Akkol’ (town, northern Kazakhstan) : formerly
c.1962 French Michelet Russian Alekseyevka
Aïn el Kebira (town, northeastern Algeria) : to Akku (village, northeastern Kazakhstan) : for-
c.1962 French Périgotville merly Russian Lebyazh’ye
Aïn Makhlouf (town, northeastern Algeria) : to Ak-Mechet’ see (1) Chornomors’ke; (2) Kyzyl-
c.1962 French Renier orda; (3) Simferopol
Aïn Mokra see Berrahal Akmola see Astana
Ainos see Enez Akmolinsk see Astana
Aïn Oulmene (town, northeastern Algeria) : to Akpalanka see Bela Palanka
c.1962 French Colbert Akra-Leuka see Alicante
Aintab see Gaziantep Aksakovo (town, eastern Bulgaria) : to 1934
Aïn Tagourit (village, northern Algeria) : to Turkish Ajemler
c.1962 French Bérard Aksay (town, northwestern Kazakhstan) : for-
Aïn Tolba (village, northwestern Algeria) : to merly Kazakhstan [sic]
c.1962 French De Malherbe Ak£ehir (town west central Turkey) : ancient
Aïn Touta (town, northeastern Algeria) : to Greek Philomelion
c.1962 French MacMahon Ak-Sheikh see Rozdol’ne
1
Airds see Campbelltown Aksu (town, northeastern Kazakhstan) : for-
Aire-sur-l’Adour (town, southwestern France) : merly Yermak
2
Roman Vicus Julii Aksu (town, southern Kazakhstan) : formerly
Aisne (river, northern France) : Roman Axona Russian Belyye Vody
Aksum 10

Aksum (town, northern Ethiopia) : alternate States) : 1652–1664 Beverwyck; to 1652 Fort
Axum; Roman Axumis Orange
2
Aktau (city, western Kazakhstan) : 1964–1991 Albany (town, Western Australia, southwestern
Russian Shevchenko Australia) : to 1832 Frederickstown
Aktobe (city, northwestern Kazakhstan) : to 1991 Alba Pompeia see Alba
Russian Aktyubinsk Alba Regalis see Székesfehérvár
Aktogay (town, northeastern Kazakhstan) : for- Albat see 2Kuybysheve
merly Russian Krasnokutsk Albenga (town, northwestern Italy) : Roman
Aktsyabrski (town, south central Belarus) : Album Ingaunum
(Russian Oktyabr’sky); formerly Karpilovka Albert (town, northern France) : to 1620 Ancre
Aktyubinsk see Aktobe Albert, Lake (central Africa) : 1973–c.1997 Lake
Akyab see Sittwe Mobutu Sese Seko; earlier Albert Nyanza
Alagoa de Baixo see Sertânia Albert Edward Nyanza see Edward, Lake
Alagoa Nova (city, northeastern Brazil) : 1939– Albert National Park see Virunga National
1943 Laranjeiras Park
Alagoas see Marechal Deodoro Albert Nyanza see Albert, Lake
Alais see Alès Albertville see Kalemie
Åland (islands, southwestern Finland) : alternate Albi (town, southern France) : Roman Albiga
Finnish Ahvenanmaa (The Swedish name is Albicella see Ávila
more widely used, although the islands have Albiga see Albi
been part of Finland since 1917.) Albion see Great Britain
Alanskoye (village, southwestern Russia) : to Albion Mines see Stellarton
1944 Psedakh Al Bnrah (village, central West Bank) : biblical
Al ‘Arabnyah as-Sa‘¨dnyah see Saudi Arabia Beeroth
Al ‘Arnsh (town, northeastern Egypt) : Roman Ålborg (city, northern Denmark) : alternate Aal-
Rhinocolura borg; Medieval Latin Alburgum
Ala£ehir (city, western Turkey) : ancient Greek Album Ingaunum see Albenga
Philadelphia Albuquerque Lins see Lins
Al Ashmunein (village, north central Egypt) : Alburgum see Ålborg
ancient Greek Hermopolis Magna Alcalá de Henares (city, central Spain) : Roman
Alaska (state, northwestern United States) : Complutum
1799–1867 Russian America (The former name, Alcan Highway see Alaska Highway
denoting territory held by Russia, applied Alcazarquivir see Ksar el Kebir
mainly to Alsaka and the Aleutian Islands but Alcester (town, south central England) : Roman
also took in settlements on the Pacific coast as Alauna
far south as Fort Ross, California.) Alchevsk see Alchevs’k
Alaska Highway (road, northwestern North Alchevs’k (city, eastern Ukraine) : (Russian Al-
America) : formerly Alcan Highway chevsk); 1961–1992 Komunars’k (Russian Kom-
Alatri (town, central Italy) : Roman Aletrium munarsk); 1931–1961 Voroshylovs’k (Russian
Alauna see (1) Alcester; (2) Maryport Voroshilovsk)
Al-‘Ayzarnyah (village, south central West Bank) Alcira see Alzira
: biblical Bethany Alcobaça see Tucuruí
Alba (town, northwestern Italy) : Roman Alba Aldan (town, eastern Russia) : to 1939 Neza-
Pompeia metny
Alba see (1) Scotland; (2) Warren Aldborough (village, northern England) :
Al Ba∏r al-Abyaö see Mediterranean Sea Roman Isurium Brigantum
Al Ba∏r al-A∏mar see Red Sea Aldea Grande see Ciénaga
Al Ba∏r al-Mutawassi™ see Mediterranean Sea Alderney (island, Channel Islands, southern
Al Ba∏r ar-R¨m see Mediterranean Sea United Kingdom) : Roman Riduna
Alba Iulia (city, west central Romania) : to 1918 Alejandro Selkirk (island, western Juan
Hungarian Gyulafehérvár; to 1867 German Fernández, South Pacific) : formerly Más
Karlsburg, earlier German Weissenburg; 8th– Afuera
11th century Slavic BQlgrad, Roman Apulum Aleksandropol’ see Gyumri
Albania (republic, southern Europe) : [Albanian Aleksandrovka see Lozno-Oleksandrivka
1
Shqipëri] Aleksandrovo (village, northern Bulgaria) : for-
1
Albany (city, New York, northeastern United merly Turkish Karakhasan
 11 Alpargatal
2
Aleksandrovo (village, central Bulgaria) : to I’ir]; to c.1962 French Alger; Roman Icosium
1878 Turkish Okchelar (Algiers was captured by the French in 1830
Aleksandrovo see Miladinovci and became a military and administrative base
Aleksandrovsk (city, western Russia) : 1928–1951 for their colonies in northern and western
Aleksandrovsky; to 1928 Aleksandrovsky Zavod Africa. The city was the provisional capital of
Aleksandrovsk see (1) Belogorsk; (2) Polyarny; France in World War II and its French name
(3) Zaporizhzhya remains in official use.)
Aleksandrovsk-Grushevsky see Shakhty Al Gnzah see Giza
Aleksandrovskoye see Kyzyl-Adyr Al πaör (village, northwestern Iraq) : ancient
Aleksandrovsky see (1) Aleksandrovsk; Greek Hatra
(2) Novosibirsk Al-Hawtah see Laḩij
Aleksandrovsky Zavod see Aleksandrovsk Al Hoceima (town, northern Morocco) : to
Aleksandrów Kujawski (town, central Poland) : c.1958 Spanish Villa Sanjurjo
1940–1945 German Alexandrow-Weichsel Al Ḩudaydah (city, western Yemen) : conven-
Alekseyevka see (1) Akkol’; (2) Terekty; tional Hodeida
(3) Torez Alibotush see Gotsev Vrukh
Alekseyevo-Leonovo see Torez Ali Boutous see Gotsev Vrukh
Alekseyevo-Orlovka see Shakhtars’k Alicante (city, southeastern Spain) : Roman Lu-
Alekseyevsk see Svobodny centum; ancient Greek Akra-Leuka
Aleppo (city, northwestern Syria) : [Arabic Alice Springs (town, Northern Territory, central
πalab]; ancient Greek Beroea Australia) : to 1933 Stuart
Alès (city, southern France) : to 1926 Alais Alinda see Karpuzlu
Alessandria (city, northwestern Italy) : Roman Aliquippa (town, Pennsylvania, northeastern
Civitas Nova United States) : originally Logstown
Aletrium see Alatri Al-Iskandarnyah see 1Alexandria
Alexandretta see jskenderun Al-Ittihad see Madinat ash Sha’b
1
Alexandria (city, northern Egypt) : [Arabic Al- Al-JazI’ir see (1) Algeria; (2) Algiers
Iskandarnyah] (Alexandria was founded by Al Khalnl see Hebron
Alexander the Great, as were the originals of Al Khums (town, northwestern Libya) : formerly
jskenderun and Kandahar.) often Homs
2
Alexandria (city, Virginia, eastern United Al LIdhiqnyah see Latakia
States) : to 1749 Belhaven Allanmyo see Aunglan
3
Alexandria (town, Ontario, southeastern Allenburg see 3Druzhba
Canada) : to 1819 Priest’s Mills Allenstein see Olsztyn
4
Alexandria (town, southern South Africa) : to Allentown (city, Pennsylvania, northeastern
1873 Olifantshoek United States) : to 1838 Northampton
Alexandria see (1) Arlington; (2) 3Jackson Alligator see Lake City
Alexandria ad Issum see jskenderun Alma (city, Quebec, eastern Canada) : to 1954
Alexandria Arachosiorum see Kandahar St.-Joseph-d’Alma
Alexandroúpolis (city, northeastern Greece) : Alma-Ata see Almaty
1913–1919 Bulgarian Dedeagach; to 1913 Turk- Al Madnnah see Medina
ish Dedeağaç Al-Maghrib see Morocco
Alexandrow-Weichsel see Aleksandrów Ku- Al Marj (town, northern Libya) : formerly Italian
jawski Barce; ancient Greek Barca
Alfatar (town, northeastern Bulgaria) : formerly Almaty (city, southeastern Kazakhstan) :
General Lazarevo (The town was in Romania 1921–1991 Alma-Ata, to 1921 Russian Verny
from 1913 to 1940.) Al Maw•il see Mosul
Alfredo Chaves see Veranópolis Almenara (city, southeastern Brazil) : to 1944
Al FurIt see Euphrates Vigia
Alger se Algiers Almería (city, southern Spain) : Roman Portus
Algeria (republic, northern Africa) : [Arabic Al- Magnus
JazI’ir]; formerly French Algérie (Algeria was Almonte (town, Ontario, southeastern Canada) :
occupied by the French in 1830 and gained its to 1856 Sheppard’s Fall
independence in 1962.) Al MukhI’ see Mocha
Algérie see Algeria Alost see Aalst
Algiers (city, northern Algeria) : [Arabic Al-Jaz- Alpargatal see Vicente Noble
Alpesa 12

Alpesa see Elvas Alzira (town, eastern Spain) : alternate Alcira;

Alpes-de-Haute-Provence (department, south- Roman Saetabicula
eastern France) : to 1970 Basses-Alpes Amamlu see Spitak
Al QIhirah see Cairo Amandelboom see 2Williston
Al-Qa•rayn (town, west central Tunisia) : En- Amangeldy (town, north central Kazakhstan) :
glish Kasserine (The English name is associated to 1936 Batbakkara
with the nearby pass where in 1943 a decisive Amapá (town, southern Brazil) : formerly Mon-
battle between U.S. and German forces con- tenegro
tributed to the collapse of German resistance Amapari see Ferreira Gomes
in northern Africa.) Amarração see Luís Correia
Al Quds see Jerusalem Amatitlán (town, southeastern Mexico) : to 1938
Al-Qusur see Luxor Amatlán
Alre see Auray Amatlán see Amatitlán
Als (island, southern Denmark) : 1864–1920 Ambacia see Amboise
German Alsen Ambaritsa see 2Levski
Alsace (region, northeastern France) : 1871–1918, Ambianum see Amiens
1940–1944 German Elsass; Roman Alsatia (See Ambleside see Hahndorf
also Lorraine.) Ambleston (village, southwestern Wales) : Welsh
Alsatia see Alsace Treamlod
Alsen see Als Amboina see Ambon
Alsókubin see Dolnï Kubín Amboise (town, west central France) : Roman
Alsólendva see Lendava Ambacia
Altamura (town, southern Italy) : Roman Lupa- Ambon (island, eastern Indonesia) : formerly
tia Amboina (The city of Ambon on the island
Altanbulag (town, northern Mongolia) : to 1921 had the same former name.)
Maimachin Amboy see Perth Amboy
Alta Ripa see Altrip Ambracia see Arta
Altay (republic, southern Russia) : 1948–1991 Ambridge (town, Pennsylvania, northeastern
Gorno-Altay; 1922–1948 Oyrot United States) : to 1906 Economy (Remains of
Altdamm see DRbie the former village, a German communal
Altena see 1Wilmington group, are preserved as Old Economy.)
Altendorf see Spi§ska Stara Ves Ambrizete see N’zeto
Altentreptow (town, northwestern Germany) : Ambrolauri (town, northern Georgia) : to mid–
to 1939 Treptow 1930s Yenukidze
Altilia (village, central Italy) : Roman Saepinum Ambroz see Plasencis
Altlublau see Stará L’ubovûa Amelia (town, southern Italy) : Roman Ameria
Alto Parnaíba (town, northeastern Brazil) : to Amélie-les-Bains-Palada (town, southern
1944 Vitória do Alto Parnaíba France) : to 1840 Arles-les-Bains
Altrip (village, western Germany) : Roman Alta Ameria see Amelia
Ripa America see United States
Altsandez see Stary SRcz Americana (city, southeastern Brazil) : to 1938
Altschmecks see Stary Smokovec Villa Americana
Altschwanenburg see Gulbene Amherst (town, Nova Scotia, eastern Canada) :
Altsohl see Zvolen to 1759 La Planche
Alturas (town, California, western United States) Amherst see Kyaikkami
: to 1874 Dorris Bridge Amichow see Kaiyuan
Al¨ksne (town, northeastern Latvia) : to 1918 Amida see Diyarbakqr
German Marienburg Amiens (city, northern France) : Roman Am-
Al Urdunn see Jordan bianum; Celtic Samarobriva
Álvaro Obregón see Frontera Amisia see Ems
Alwand (mountain, western Iran) : ancient Amissa see Omi§
Greek Orontes Amisus see Samsun
Al Yaman see Yemen Amman (city, northwestern Jordan) : ancient
Alyoshki see Tsyurupyns’k Greek Philadelphia; biblical Rabbah; alternate
Alytus (city, southern Lithuania) : to 1918 Rus- biblical Rabbath-Ammon (The city was not
sian Olita the biblical Philadelphia, which lies beneath
 13 Anglesey

the modern town of Ala£ehir, western Tur- An Chorr Chríochach see Cookstown
key.) An Clár see Clare
Ammanford (town, southern Wales) : Welsh An Clochán see Clifden
Rhydaman An Clochán Liath see Dungloe
Ammokhostos see Famagusta An Cóbh see Cobh
Amnéville (town, northeastern France) : 1870– An Coireán see Waterville
1918, 1939–1944 German Stahlheim An Comar see Comber
Amoea see Portalegre Ancre see Albert
Amoy see Xiamen Ancyra see Ankara
Ampère see Aïn Azel An Daingean see (1) Daingean; (2) Dingle
Ampezzo (village, northeastern Italy) : to 1918 Andalaly see Nozhay-Yurt
German Hayden Andalucía see 1Andalusia
1
Amrit (village, western Syria) : ancient Greek Andalusia (region, southern Spain) : [Spanish
Marathus Andalucía]
1 2
Amsterdam (city, New York, northeastern Andalusia (town, Alabama, southeastern United
United States) : to 1804 Veedersburg States) : to 1846 New Site
2
Amsterdam (town, northeastern South Africa) : Andalusia see Jan Kempdorp
to 1882 Roburnia Andemattunnum see Langres
Amu Darya (river, central Asia) : ancient Greek Anderitum see Pevensey
Oxus Andernach (city, western Germany) : Roman
Amursk (city, eastern Russia) : to 1958 Padali Antunnacum
Amvrosiyevka see Amvrosiyivka Andes see Virgilio
Amvrosiyivka (town, eastern Ukraine) : (Russian Andijon (city, eastern Uzbekistan) : (Russian An-
Amvrosiyevka); to 1944 Donets’ko-Amvrosiyivka dizhan)
(Russian Donetsko-Amvrosiyevka) Andirá (city, southern Brazil) : to 1944 Ingá
Anaconda (town, Montana, northwestern Andizhan see Andijon
United States) : to 1888 Copperopolis Andorra (principality, southwestern Europe) :
Anadolu see Anatolia [French Andorre] (The official language of An-
Anadyr’ (town, eastern Russia) : to 1923 Novo- dorra is Catalan, but Spanish and French are
Mariinsk also spoken.)
Anagastum see Nik§iW Andorra-la-Vella (town, west central Andorra) :
Anagni (town, central Italy) : Roman Anagnia [French Andorre-la-Vieille; Spanish Andorra-
Anagnia see Anagni la-Vieja]
Analândia (town, southeastern Brazil) : to 1944 Andorra-la-Vieja see Andorra-la-Vella
Anápolis Andorre see Andorra
Anan’evo (village, northeastern Kyrgyzstan) : to Andorre-la-Vieille see Andorra-la-Vella
1942 Sazanovka Andover Forge see Stanhope
Anantnag (town, northern India) : formerly Isla- Andreyev see Jddrzejów
mabad Andreyevka see Kabanbay
Anápolis see (1) Analândia; (2) Simão Dias Andreyevsk see Tezebazar
Anatolia (region, western Asia) : [Turkish Andreyevskoye see Dneprovskoye
Anadolu]; traditional Asia Minor (Anatolia Andrichau see Andrychów
corresponds to modern Asian Turkey, amount- An Droim Mór see Dromore
ing to about 97 percent of the country’s area.) Andropov see Rybinsk
An Baile Meánach see Ballymena Andrychów (town, southern Poland) : 1940–
An Bhlarna see Blarney 1945 German Andrichau
An Cabhán see Cavan Anenii Noi (town, eastern Moldova) : formerly
An Caisleán Nua see 3Newcastle Russian Novyye Aneny
Ancaster (village, east central England) : Roman Anericiacum see Annecy
Causennis (The Roman name, often cited as Angaco Norte (town, western Argentina) : for-
Causennae, may have really been that of a fort merly Kilómetro 924
at Sapperton, 7 miles to the southeast.) Angerapp see Ozyorsk
An Charraig Dhubh see Blackrock Angerburg see Wdgorzewo
An Chathair see Caher Angers (city, western France) : Roman Julioma-
Anchialus see Pomoriye gus
Anchieta see Piatã Anglesey (island, northwestern Wales) : Welsh
Anglo-Egyptian Sudan 14

Môn; Roman Mona (The Roman name is said Ansloga see Oslo
to mean “mountain,” specifically referring to An Sráidbhaile see Stradbally
Holyhead Mountain on the island.) An Srath Bán see Strabane
Anglo-Egyptian Sudan see Sudan Anstrude see Bierry-les-Belles-Fontaines
Angoche (town, eastern Mozambique) : to 1976 Antakya (city, southern Turkey) : biblical Anti-
Portuguese António Enes och; Roman Antiochia (There are two biblical
Angola (country, southwestern Africa) : to 1914 Antiochs. This one, in the Roman province of
Portuguese West Africa (Although the name be- Syria, was the starting point of Paul’s journey
came officially recognized in 1914, Angola did to Rome. The other, also visited by Paul, was
not achieve independence until 1975.) in the Roman province of Galatia, or as Acts
Angora see Ankara 13:14 has it, “Antioch in Pisidia,” in modern
Angostura see Ciudad Bolívar southwestern Turkey. Both were named for the
Angoulême (city, western France) : Roman Eco- Syrian emperor Antiochus, father of Seleucus
lisma I, but the Antioch that is now Antakya was the
Angra Pequena see Lüderitz largest and most important of all the 16 cities
Angrezabad see English Bazar that took his name. A third was Antiochia
Angus (administrative district, eastern Scotland) Margiana, otherwise Merv in present-day
: to 1928 Forfarshire Turkmenistan, while a fourth, Antiochia Persis,
An Iarmhí see Westmeath may have been modern B¨shehr, in south-
Anicium see Le Puy western Iran.)
Aniene (river, central Italy) : Roman Anio Antalya (city, southwestern Turkey) : biblical At-
Anio see Aniene talia; ancient Greek Attaleia
Aniva (town, eastern Russia) : 1905–1945 Japa- Antananarivo (city, east central Madagascar) :
nese Rutaka formerly French Tananarive
Anjouan see Nzwani An tAonach see Nenagh
Ankara (city, west central Turkey) : formerly Antarctic see Antarctica
conventional English Angora; Roman Ancyra Antarctica (continent surrounding South Pole) :
Ankhialo see Pomoriye alternate popular Antarctic
An Longfort see Longford Antarctic Ocean (southern parts of Pacific, At-
An Lorgain see Lurgan lantic, and Indian oceans) : alternate Southern
An Mhí see Meath Ocean
An Muileann gCearr see Mullingar Antarctic Peninsula (northwestern Antarctica) :
Annaba (city, northeastern Algeria) : to c.1962 1938–1964 (UK) Graham Land, (U.S.) Gra-
French Bône; Roman Hippo Regius ham Peninsula or Palmer Peninsula; Spanish
Annapolis (city, Maryland, northeastern United Tierra de O’Higgins (Graham Land is now used
States) : to 1695 Anne Arundel Town; originally for the northern part of the peninsula, and
Providence (Annapolis is the seat of Anne Arun- Palmer Land for the southern part.)
del County, preserving the earlier name.) An Teampall Mór see Templemore
Annapolis Royal (town, Nova Scotia, eastern Antequera (city, southern Spain) : Roman Anti-
Canada) : to 1713 Port Royal quaria; alternate Roman Anticaria
An Nás see Naas Antibes (town, southeastern France) : ancient
An NI•irah see Nazareth Greek Antipolis
Anne Arundel Town see Annapolis Antibos see ¶tip
Annecy (city, eastern France) : Medieval Latin Anticaria see Antequera
Anericiacum Anticosti (island, Quebec, eastern Canada) : for-
Annenfeld see ßämkir merly French Assomption
Annian Way see Via An tInbhear Mór see Arklow
An Nnl see Nile Antioch see (1) Antakya; (2) B¨shehr;
Annobón (island, southwestern Equatorial (3) Merv
Guinea) : 1973–1979 Pagalu Antiochia see Antakya
An Ómaigh see Omagh Antiochia Margiana see Merv
Anqing (city, eastern China) : 1911–1949 Hwai- Antipatria see Berat
ning Antipolis see Antibes
An Ráth see Ráth Luirc Antipyrgos see Tobruk
An Sciobairín see Skibbereen Antiquaria see Antequera
Ansedonia (village, western Italy) : Roman Cosa Antium see Anzio
 15 Araguari

An tIúr see Newry Apt (town, southeastern France) : Roman Apta

Antivari see Bar Julia
Antivestaeum Promontorium see Land’s Apta Julia see Apt
End Apuania see Massa-Carrara
An t-Òb see Leverburgh Apulia see Puglia
António Enes see Angoche Apulum see Alba Iulia
Antono-Kodintsevo see Kominternivs’ke Aqaba (town, southwestern Jordan) : Roman Ae-
Antonove-Kodyntseve see Kominternivs’ke lana; biblical Ezion-geber; alternate biblical
Antopal’ (town, southwestern Belarus) : (Rus- Elath (The biblical names are now often re-
sian Antopol’ ); 1919–1939 Polish Antopol garded as those of two distinct places.)
Antopol’ see Antopal’ Aqmola see Astana
Antratsit see Antratsyt Aq Qaleh (town, northeastern Iran) : to 1980
Antratsyt (city, eastern Ukraine) : (Russian Pahlavi Dezh
Antratsit); to 1962 Bokovo-Antratsyt (Russian Aquae Arnemetiae see Buxton
Bokovo-Antratsit) Aquae Augustae see Dax
Antrea see Kamennogorsk Aquae Calidae see (1) Bagnols-les-Bains;
Antrim (town, central Northern Ireland) : Irish (2) 1Bath; (3) Vichy
Aontroim Aquae Calidae Pisanorum see San Giuliano
Antsiranana (city, northern Madagascar) : to Terme
1977 Portuguese and Spanish Diégo-Suarez Aquae Flaviae see Chaves
Antsohimbondrona (village, northern Madagas- Aquae Grani see Aachen
car) : formerly French Port St.-Louis Aquae Gratianae see Aix-les-Bains
Antunnacum see Andernach Aquae Helveticae see 2Baden
Antwerp (city, northern Belgium) : [Flemish Aquae Mattiacae see Wiesbaden
Antwerpen; French Anvers] Aquae Mortuae see Aigues-Mortes
Antwerpen see Antwerp Aquae Originis see Orense
An Uaimh see Navan Aquae Pannoniae see 1Baden
Anvers see Antwerp Aquae Sextiae see Aix-en-Provence
Anyang (city, east central China) : to 1913 Aquae Statiellae see Acqui Terme
Zhangde Aquae Sulis see 1Bath
Anzaldo (town, central Bolivia) : to 1900s Aquae Tarbellicae see Dax
Paredón Aquidneck see Rhode Island
Anzio (town, western Italy) : Roman Antium Aquincum see Budapest
Aontroim see Antrim Aquino (town, south central Italy) : Roman
Aorangi see Cook, Mt. Aquinum
Aosta (town, northwestern Italy) : Roman Au- Aquinum see Aquino
gusta Praetoria Aquisgranum see Aachen
Aotea see Great Barrier Island Aquitaine (region, southwestern France) :
Aotearoa see New Zealand Roman Aquitania
Apalachicola (town, Florida, southeastern Aquitania see Aquitaine
United States) : to 1831 West Point Arabestan see Khuzestan
Aparecida see Bertolínia Arabian Desert see Eastern Desert
Apennines (mountains, central Italy) : [Italian Arabian Gulf see Persian Gulf
Appennini] Araçá see Mari
Apenrade see Åbenrå Araçoiaba da Serra (town, southeastern Brazil) :
Aphrodisias see Geyre to 1944 Campo Largo
Apizaco (city, east central Mexico) : formerly Aracoma see Logan
Barrón Escandón Aracruz (city, southeastern Brazil) : to 1944
Apollonia see Sozopol Santa Cruz
Appennini see Apennines Arae Flaviae see Rottweil
Appian Way see Via Aragon (region, northeastern Spain) : [Spanish
Appleton (city, Wisconsin, north central United Aragón]
States) : originally Grand Chute Aragón see Aragon
Aprel’sk (town, eastern Russia) : to 1925 Araguaçu see Paraguaçu Paulista
Nadezhdinsky Priisk Araguari (city, eastern Brazil) : formerly Fregue-
Aprutium see Abruzzi sia do Brejo Alegre
Araguatins 16

Araguatins (city, north central Brazil) : to 1944 Arekhawsk (town, northeastern Belarus) : (Rus-
Portuguese São Vicente sian Orekhovsk); to 1946 Russian Orekhi-
Ara Jovis see Aranjuez Vydritsa
ArIk (city, west central Iran) : to mid–1930s Sul- Arelate see Arles
tanabad Arenacum see Arnhem
Arakan see Rakhine Arensburg see Kuressaare
Aranjuez (town, central Spain) : Roman Ara Jovis Arezzo (city, north central Italy) : Roman
Aranyoszmarót see Zlaté Moravce Arretium
Araquari (town, southern Brazil) : to 1944 Parati Argenta see North Little Rock
Ararat (mountain, eastern Turkey) : Turkish Ağrq Argentia (village, Newfoundland and Labrador,
Dağq (The English and biblical name relates to eastern Canada) : formerly Little Placentia
the Assyrian kingdom of Urartu, around Lake Argentina (republic, southern South America) :
Van.) officially Argentine Republic; colloquially the
Araripina (city, northeastern Brazil) : to 1944 Argentine
Portuguese São Gonçalo dos Campos Argentine, the see Argentina
Aras (river, eastern Turkey) : ancient Greek Argentine Republic see Argentina
Araxas (The river, which for about half its Argentoratum see Strasbourg
course forms the border between Armenia and Argovie see Aargau
Azerbaijan to the north and Turkey and Iran Argyrokastron see Gjirokastër
to the south, was confused by the historian Århus (city, eastern Denmark) : alternate Aarhus
Herodotus with the Oxus or Amu Darya.) Ariccia (town, central Italy) : Roman Aricia
Arausio see 1Orange Aricia see Ariccia
Araxas see Aras Ariconium see Weston under Penyard
Arbe see Rab Arn∏I see Jericho
Arbeia see South Shields Ariminum see Rimini
Arberth see Narberth Arizona City see Yuma
Arbon (town, northeastern Switzerland) : Roman Arkadelphia (town, Arkansas, south central
Arbor Felix United States) : to 1838 Blakelytown
Arborea (village, western Sardinia, Italy) : Arkadioúpolis see Lüleburgaz
c.1935–c.1944 Mussolinia di Sardegna; to Arkansas City (town, Kansas, central United
c.1935 Villaggio Mussolini States) : to 1872 Creswell, earlier Adelphi; origi-
Arbor Felix see Arbon nally Walnut City
Arbroath (town, eastern Scotland) : formerly Arkhangelo-Pashiysky Zavod see Pashiya
Aberbrothock (The town’s name means “mouth Arkhangel’sk (city, northwestern Russia) : En-
of the Brothock” and the river here is still glish conventional Archangel; to 1613 Russian
known by this name. The old name was popu- Novyye Kholmogory (The English name became
larized by Robert Southey’s 1802 ballad “The familiar in World War II as that of the port re-
Inchcape Rock.” See also Bell Rock.) ceiving convoys of lend-lease goods from
Archangel see Arkhangel’sk Britain and the USA.)
Arcobriga see Arcos de la Frontera Arklow (town, eastern Ireland) : Irish An
Arcos de la Frontera (town, southwestern Spain) tInbhear Mór
: Roman Arcobriga Arles (city, southeastern France) : Roman Are-
Arcoverde (city, northeastern Brazil) : to 1944 late
Portuguese Rio Branco Arles-les-Bains see Amélie-les-Bains-Palada
1
Arctic Bay (village, Nunavut, northern Canada) Arlington (county, Virginia, eastern United
: alternate Inuit Ikpiarjuk States) : to 1920 Alexandria; originally Belle-
Arctic Red River see Tsiigehtchic haven
2
Ardennes (wooded plateau, southwestern Bel- Arlington (town, Massachusetts, northeastern
gium/northeastern France) : Roman Arduenna United States) : 1807–1867 West Cambridge; to
Silva 1807 Menotomy
Ardino (town, southern Bulgaria) : to 1878 Arlington Heights (town, Illinois, north central
Turkish Egridere United States) : to 1874 Dunton
Ard Mhic Nasca see Holywood Arlon (town, southeastern Belgium) : Flemish
Arduenna Silva see Ardennes Aarlen; Roman Orolaunum
Area see Mundelein Arman see Kardam
Areia see Ubaíra Armavir (city, western Armenia) : 1938–1992
 17 Ashkelon

Oktemberyan; to 1938 Sardarabad (The city Arti (town, west central Russia) : to 1929 Artin-
should not be confused with the town of the sky Zavod
same name in southwestern Russia, although Artigas (city, northwestern Uruguay) : to 1930s
both are named for the historic capital of Spanish San Eugenio
Urartu, the ancient kingdom that became Ar- Artigas see Río Branco
menia.) Artinsky Zavod see Arti
Armenia (republic, western Asia) : [Armenian Artur de Paiva see Matala
Hayasdan] (This Armenia should not be con- Artyomovo see Artemove
fused with the much larger ancient country of Artyomovsk (town, eastern Russia) : to 1939
the name, now occupied by modern Armenia, Ol’khovsky
Turkey, and Iran and commonly identified Artyomovsk see Artemivs’k
with the biblical Minni.) Artyomovsky (town, west central Russia) : to
Armenierstadt see Gherla 1938 Yegorshino
Armenopolis see Gherla Aruanã (town, central Brazil) : to 1944 Por-
Armorica see Brittany tuguese Leopoldina
Arnheim see Arnhem Arun (river, southern England) : formerly Tar-
Arnhem (city, eastern Netherlands) : 1939–1945 rant; Roman Trisantona
German Arnheim; Roman Arenacum Arunachal Pradesh (state, northeastern India) :
Arnissa (village, northeastern Greece) : to 1913 1954–1972 North East Frontier Agency
Turkish Ostrovo Arundel see Kennebunkport
Arnswalde see Choszczno Arviat (village, Nunavut, north central Canada) :
Arorae (island, west central Kiribati) : formerly to 1989 Eskimo Point
Hurd Island Arys see Orzysz
Arpino (town, central Italy) : Roman Arpinum Arzew (town, northwestern Algeria) : Roman
Arpinum see Arpino Arsenaria
Arrabona see Gyâr A§ (town, western Czech Republic) : to 1918,
Ar Raqqah (town, northern Syria) : ancient 1938–1945 German Asch
1
Greek Nicephorium Asaka (city, eastern Uzbekistan) : formerly Rus-
Arras (city, northern France) : Roman Nemeta- sian Leninsk; 1935–1937 Assake; 1934–1935
cum Atrebatum; Celtic Nemetocenna Russian Zelensk; to 1934 Assake
2
Arretium see Arezzo Asaka (city, central Japan) : to 1932 Hizaori
Arriaca see Guadalajara Asba Littoria see Asebe Tefere
Ar RiyIö see Riyadh Asbest (town, west central Russia) : to 1933
Arroyo de la Luz (town, western Spain) : to Kudel’ka
c.1940 Arroyo del Puerco Asbestos Hill see Purtuniq
Arroyo del Puerco see Arroyo de la Luz Ascension Island see Pohnpei
Arsenaria see Arzew Asch see A§
Arsen’yev (town, eastern Russia) : to 1952 Sem- Ascoli Piceno (town, central Italy) : Roman As-
yonovka culum Picenum
Arshaly (town, north central Kazakhstan) : for- Ascoli Satriano (town, southeastern Italy) :
merly Russian Vishnyovka (This Arshaly, near Roman Asculum Apulum
the capital, Astana, should not be confused Asculum Apulum see Ascoli Satriano
with the settlement of the same name in the Asculum Picenum see Ascoli Piceno
east of the country, south of Semey.) Asebe Tefere (town, east central Ethiopia) :
Arsinoë see El Faiyum 1936–1941 Italian Asba Littoria
Arta (town, northwestern Greece) : to 1912 Turk- Asenovgrad (town, southern Bulgaria) : to 1934
ish Narda; ancient Greek Ambracia Stanimaka
Artashat (town, southern Armenia) : to 1945 Ka- Asfeld (village, northeastern France) : 1671–1728
marlu Avaux-la-Ville; to 1671 Écry
Artemove (town, eastern Ukraine) : (Russian A£gabat (city, southern Turkmenistan) : (Russian
Artyomovo); to 1921 Nelipivs’kyy Khutir (Rus- Ashkhabad); 1919–1927 Russian Poltoratsk
sian Nelepovsky Khutor) Ashdod (city, southwestern Israel) : Roman Azo-
Artemivs’k (city, eastern Ukraine) : (Russian tus
Artyomovsk); to 1923 Bakhmut Asheville (city, North Carolina, eastern United
Artesia (town, New Mexico, southwestern States) : to 1797 Morristown
United States) : to 1905 Stegman Ashkelon see Ashqelon
Ashkhabad 18

Ashkhabad see A£gabat Aswan (city, southeastern Egypt) : ancient Greek

Ashland (city, Kentucky, east central United Syene
States) : to 1854 Poage’s Settlement Asyut (city, east central Egypt) : ancient Greek
Ashley Center see Vernal Lycopolis
Ashmyany (town, northwestern Belarus) : (Rus- Atakent (village, southern Kazakhstan) : for-
sian Oshmyany); 1921–1945 Polish Oszmiana merly Russian Il’ich
Ashots’k’ (village, northwestern Armenia) : for- Atamyrat (town, southeastern Turkmenistan) :
merly Gukasyan formerly Kerki
Ashqelon (city, southwestern Israel) : biblical Atella di Caserta (town, southern Italy) : 1927–
Ashkelon 1945 Atella di Napoli
Ashraf see Behshahr Atella di Napoli see Atella di Caserta
Ash ShIm see (1) Damascus; (2) Syria Aternum see Pescara
Ash ShIriqah (emirate, United Arab Emirates) : Ateste see Este
conventional Sharjah Ath (town, southwestern Belgium) : Flemish Aat
Asht see Shaidan Athenae see 1Athens
Ashur see Qal‘at SharqIt Athenry (town, western Ireland) : Irish Baile
Asia Minor see Anatolia Átha an Rí
1
Asisium see Assisi Athens (city, eastern Greece) : [modern Greek
Asloga see Oslo Athínai]; Roman Athenae
2
Asmara (city, northern Eritrea) : alternate Athens (village, Ontario, southeastern Canada) :
Asmera formerly Farmersville
Asmera see Asmara Athens see Oshkosh
Asolo (town, northeastern Italy) : Roman Athínai see 1Athens
Acelum Athlone (town, central Ireland) : Irish Baile Átha
Aspadana see E£fahIn Luain
Asparukhovo (village, eastern Bulgaria) : to 1934 Athol (town, Massachusetts, northeastern United
Chenge States) : to 1762 Pequoiag
Aspinwall see Colón Athy (town, east central Ireland) : Irish Baile
Aspropotamos see Achelous Átha Í
Assab (former administrative region, southeast- Atig (town, west central Russia) : to 1929 Atigsky
ern Eritrea) : 1936–1941 Italian Dancalia Meri- Zavod
dionale Atigsky Zavod see Atig
Assake see 1Asaka Atlanta (city, Georgia, southeastern United
Assiniboia (town, Saskatchewan, southern Can- States) : 1843–1845 Marthasville; to 1843 Ter-
ada) : to 1913 Leeville minus
Assisi (town, central Italy) : Roman Asisium Atlixco (city, south central Mexico) : originally
Assling see Jesenice Villa de Carrión
Assomption see Anticosti Atria see Adria
As S¨dIn see Sudan Attaleia see Antalya
Assur see Qal‘at SharqIt Attalia see Antalya
As Suways see Suez Attinianum see Vodnjan
Asta Colonia see Asti Attock (district, central Pakistan) : to 1978
Astacus see jzmit Campbellpur
Astana (city, north central Kazakhstan) : 1994– Atwood (village, Ontario, southeastern Canada)
1998 Aqmola; 1961–1994 Russian Tselinograd; : to 1883 Newry Station
1832–1961 Russian Akmolinsk; earlier Akmola Atyrau (city, western Kazakhstan) : to 1992 Rus-
Asta Pompeia see Asti sian Gur’yev
Astapovo see Lev Tolstoy Aubigny see Lévis
1
Asterabad see GorgIn Auburn (city, New York, northeastern United
Asti (city, northwestern Italy) : Roman Asta Pom- States) : originally Hardenberg’s Corners
2
peia; alternate Roman Asta Colonia Auburn (city, Washington, northwestern United
Astorga (town, northwestern Spain) : Roman As- States) : to 1893 Slaughter
3
turica Augusta Auburn (village, east central Ireland) : Irish
Astrakhan’-Bazar see Cälilabad Achadh na Gréine; formerly Lissoy (The village
Astrida see Butare is said to be the original of Oliver Goldsmith’s
Asturica Augusta see Astorga “Sweet Auburn! loveliest village of the plain,”
 19 Avignon

in his 1770 poem The Deserted Village, as the Aurelia Aquensis see Baden-Baden
writer spent his childhood here. The literary Aurelianum see Orléans
description prompted the name’s adoption Aurelian Way see Via
elsewhere, as for the two above.) Aurinx see Jaén
Auch (city, southwestern France) : Roman Au- Aurisina (village, northeastern Italy) : to 1918
gusta Auscorum; earlier Roman Elimberrum German Nabresina
1
Audenarde see Oudenaarde Aurora (city, Colorado, west central United
Auderghem (town, central Belgium) : Flemish States) : to 1907 Fletcher
2
Oudergem Aurora (city, Illinois, north central United
Auerbakhovsky Rudnik see Rudnichny States) : originally McCarty’s Mills
3
Auezov (town, eastern Kazakhstan) : to 1967 Aurora (town, Ontario, southeastern Canada) :
Bakyrchik to 1854 Mitchell’s Corners
Aufidus see Ofanto Ausa see Vich
Augsburg (city, southern Germany) : Roman Auschwitz see O¢widcim
Augusta Vindelicorum Auspitz see HustopeVe
Augst (village, northern Switzerland) : Roman Aussig see Ústí nad Labem
Augusta Raurica Aust-Agder (county, southern Norway) : to 1919
1
Augusta (city, southern Italy) : alternate Agosta Nedenes
2
Augusta (city, Maine, northeastern United Austerlitz see Slavkov u Brna
States) : to 1797 Harrington; earlier Fort West- Austin (city, Texas, southern United States) : to
ern; originally Cushnoc 1839 Waterloo
Augusta see London Australia (country, Oceania) : to 1817 New Hol-
Augusta Auscorum see Auch land (A former alternate name for the land was
Augusta Nemetum see Speyer New South Wales, later limited in area to that
Augusta Praetoria see Aosta of the present southeastern state.)
Augusta Raurica see Augst Australian Capital Territory (territory, south-
Augusta Suessionum see Soissons eastern Australia) : to 1938 Federal Capital Ter-
Augusta Taurinorum see Turin ritory
Augusta Trajana see Stara Zagora Austria (republic, central Europe) : [German
Augusta Treverorum see Trier Österreich]
Augusta Vangionum see Worms Austria-Hungary (former monarchy, central Eu-
Augusta Vindelicorum see Augsburg rope) : [German Österreich-Ungarn] (The
Augustobona see Troyes “dual monarchy” was formed in 1867 but col-
Augusto Cardosa see Metangula lapsed in 1918 at the end of World War I.)
Augustodunum see Autun Autesiodorum see Auxerre
Augustodurum see Bayeux Autricum see Chartres
Augustonemetum see Clermont Autun (town, east central France) : Roman Au-
Augustoritum see Limoges gustodunum
Augustów (town, northeastern Poland) : to 1919 Auxerre (town, central France) : Roman Aute-
Russian Avgustov siodorum
Aujuittuq see Grise Fiord Auximum see Osimo
Aulenbach see Kalinovka Auyuittuq National Park (Nunavut, northeastern
Aulie-Ata see Taraz Canada) : to 1975 Baffin Island National Park
Auliyekol’ (town, northern Kazakhstan) : for- Avaricum see Bourges
merly Russian Semiozyornoye Avaux-la-Ville see Asfeld
Aulon see Vlorë Avellaneda (city, east central Argentina) : to 1904
Aulowönen see Kalinovka Spanish Barracas al Sur
Aumale see Sour el Ghozlane Avellino (town, southern Italy) : Roman
Aunglan (town, central Myanmar) : formerly Al- Abellinum
lanmyo Avenches (town, western Switzerland) : Roman
Aunus see Olonets Aventicum
Aupaluk (village, Quebec, eastern Canada) : for- Avennio see Avignon
merly Hopes Advance Bay Aventicum see Avenches
Aurangabad (city, western India) : formerly Avgustov see Augustów
Khadki Avignon (city, southeastern France) : Roman
Auray (town, northwestern France) : [Breton Alre] Avennio
Avila 20

Ávila (city, central Spain) : Roman Albicella Babcock’s Grove see Glen Ellyn
Avliköy see Zhivkovo Babaeski (town, northwestern Turkey) : 1920–
Avlonya see Vlorë 1992 modern Greek Eleutherai
Avon (river, southwestern England) : Roman Babelsberg (city district, eastern Germany) : to
Abona (The Roman name was given to a num- 1938 Nowawes (Babelsberg was united with
ber of Avon rivers in southern England, in- Neubabelsburg in 1938 and incorporated into
cluding the one on which Sea Mills stands.) Potsdam in the early 1940s.)
Avratalan see Koprivshtitsa Babimost (town, western Poland) : 1793–1807,
Axona see Aisne 1815–1945 German Bomst
Axum see Aksum BIbol (city, northern Iran) : to 1930 BIrfurush
Axumis see Aksum BIbol Sar (town, northern Iran) : to 1930s
Ayacucho (city, south central Peru) : to 1825 Meshed-e Sar
Huamanga Baborów (town, southern Poland) : to 1945 Ger-
Ayagoz (town, eastern Kazakhstan) : to 1939 man Bauerwitz
Russian Sergiopol’ Babruysk (city, central Belarus) : (Russian Bo-
Aydqn (city, southwestern Turkey) : formerly bruysk); to 1918 Russian Bobruysk
1
Güzelhisar Babushkin (city, western Russia) : to 1938 Losi-
Ayers Rock (monolith, Northern Territory, cen- noostrovskaya (Babushkin became part of Mos-
tral Australia) : Aboriginal Uluru cow in 1960.)
1 2
Aylmer (town, Quebec, southeastern Canada) : Babushkin (town, southern Russia) : to 1941
to 1847 Symnes Landing Mysovsk
2
Aylmer (town, Ontario, southeastern Canada) : Babushkina, imeni (village, western Russia) : to
formerly Troy c.1940 Ledengskoye
Ayodhya (city, northern India) : formerly Oudh BaVka Palanka (town, northwestern Serbia) : to
Ayteke Bi (town, southern Kazakhstan) : for- 1918, 1941–1944 Hungarian Palánka
merly Zhangaqazaly; earlier Russian Novokaza- BaVka Topola (town, northern Serbia) : to 1918,
linsk 1941–1944 Hungarian Topolya
Ayutinsky (town, southwestern Russia) : for- Back River (Nunavut, northern Canada) : alter-
merly Vlasovo-Ayuta nate Great Fish River
Ayutla see Ciudad Tecúm Umán Bactra see Balkh
Ayvalqk (town, northwestern Turkey) : ancient Badajoz (city, southwestern Spain) : Roman Pax
Greek Heraclea Augusta
Azania see South Africa Badalona (town, northeastern Spain) : Roman
Azerbaijan (republic, central Asia) : ancient Baetulo
Greek Media Atropotene (The Greek name lo- Bad Altheide see Polanica Zdrój
cates the territory in the part of ancient Media Bad Düben (town, east central Germany) : to
that was named after Atropates.) 1948 Düben
1
Azincourt see Agincourt Baden (town, northeastern Austria) : Roman
Azores (island group, North Atlantic) : [Por- Aquae Pannoniae
2
tuguese Açores] Baden (town, northern Switzerland) : Roman
Azotus see Ashdod Aquae Helveticae
Azov, Sea of (southeastern Ukraine/southwestern Baden-Baden (city, southwestern Germany) :
Russia) : Roman Maeotis Palus Roman Aurelia Aquensis
Azovs’ke (town, southern Ukraine) : (Russian Bad Flinsberg see ¡wieradów Zdrój
Azovskoye); to 1945 Kolay Bad Königsdorf see Jastrzdbie Zdrój
Azovskoye see Azovs’ke Bad Kudowa see Kudowa Zdrój
Azurduy (town, south central Bolivia) : to 1900s Bad Landeck see LRdek Zdrój
Pomabamba Bad Polzin see Poùczyn Zdrój
A≤ ¥ahrIn see Dhahran Bad Reinerz see Duszniki Zdrój
Baalbek (town, eastern Lebanon) : ancient Greek Bad Salzbrunn see Szczawno Zdrój
Heliopolis Bad Schönfliess in Neumark see Trzciüsko
Baarle-Hertog (town, northern Belgium) : Zdrój
French Baer-le-Duc (The town is a Belgian ex- Bad Segeberg (town, northwestern Germany) :
clave in the Netherlands.) to 1924 Segeberg
Babadaykhan (town, southern Turkmenistan) : Bad Warmbrunn see Cieplice ¡lRskie Zdrój
formerly Kirovsk Bae Colwyn see Colwyn Bay
 21 Balkany

Baer-le-Duc see Baarle-Hertog Baile Shlaine see Slane

Baeterrae see Béziers Baile Uí Fhiacháin see 3Newport
Baetis see Guadalquivir Baile Uí Mhatháin see Ballymahon
Baetulo see Badalona Bailieborough (town, northern Ireland) : Irish
Baffin Island (Nunavut, northern Canada) : for- Coill an Chollaigh
merly Baffin Land Bailundo (town, west central Angola) : 1930s–
Baffin Island National Park see Auyuittuq Na- 1970s Vila Teixeira da Silva
tional Park Bailundo see Luau
Baffin Land see Baffin Island Baixo Mearim see Vitória do Mearim
Bagachka see Velyka Bahachka Bajada de Santa Fe see Paraná
Bagenalstown see Muine Bheag Bajocasses see Bayeux
Bagh a Chaisteil see Castlebay Bakal (town, west central Russia) : to 1928
Baghdat’i (town, western Georgia) : 1940–1991 Bakalsky Zavod
Russian Mayakovsky Bakalsky Zavod see Bakal
Baghramyan (village, western Armenia) : for- Bakar (village, western Croatia) : 1941–1944 Ital-
merly Norakert ian Buccari
Bagni della Porretta see Porretta Terme Baker (town, North Dakota, northwestern
Bagni San Giuliano see San Giuliano Terme United States) : to 1908 Lorraine
Bagnols-les-Bains (village, southern France) : Baker see Baker City
Roman Aquae Calidae Baker City (town, Oregon, western United
Bagrationovsk (town, western Russia) : to 1946 States) : to 1989 Baker
German Preussisch-Eylau (The German name Baker Lake (village, Nunavut, northern Canada)
gave that of the 1807 battle of Eylau in the : alternate Inuit Qamanittuaq
Napoleonic Wars, an indecisive encounter be- Bakhmut see Artemivs’k
tween the allied Russians and Prussians and Bakhtaran see Kermanshah
the French. The town’s current name derives Bakwanga see Mbuji-Mayi
from the Russian general Pyotr Bagration, who Bakyrchik see Auezov
was present at the battle.) Bala (town, northern Wales) : Welsh Y Bala
Bahachka see Velyka Bahachka (Bala Lake, on which the town stands, is
Bahia see Salvador known in Welsh as Llyn Tegid.)
Bahía Blanca (city, eastern Argentina) : to 1895 Balallan (village, Western Isles, northwestern
Nueva Buenos Aires Scotland) : Gaelic Baile Ailein
Ba∏r al-Abyaö see White Nile Balanda see Kalininsk
Ba∏r al-Azraq see Blue Nile Balázsfalva see Blaj
Ba∏r L¨t see Dead Sea Balbunar see Kubrat
Baia Mare (town, northwestern Romania) : to Balchik (town, northeastern Bulgaria) : 1913–
1918, 1940–1945 Hungarian Nag ybánya 1940 Romanian Balcic; ancient Greek Dio-
Baile Ailein see Balallan nysopolis
Baile an Chaisil see 2Ballycastle Balcic see Balchik
Baile an Mhóta see Ballymote Balclutha (town, southern New Zealand) : for-
Baile an Róba see Ballinrobe merly Clutha Ferry
Baile Átha an Rí see Athenry Baldenburg see Biaùy Bór
Baile Átha Cliath see Dublin Baldy, Mt. see San Antonio, Mt.
Baile Átha Í see Athy Bâle see Basel
Baile Átha Luain see Athlone Bâle-Ville see Basel-Stadt
Baile Átha Troim see Trim Balfour (town, northeastern South Africa) : to
Baile Chaisleáin see 1Ballycastle 1905 McHattiesburg
Baile Chathail see Charlestown BQlgrad see Alba Iulia
Baile Coimín see Blessington Bali Efendi see Knyazhevo
Baile Locha Riach see Loughrea Balqhisar (village, central Turkey) : ancient
Baile Mhic Andáin see Thomastown Greek and Roman Pessinus
Baile Mhistéala see Mitchelstown Balkan Mountains (central Bulgaria) : [Bulgar-
Baile Monaidh see Ballymoney ian Stara Planina]; Roman Haemus
Baile na Lorgan see Castleblayney Balkansky Priisk see Balkany
Baile Nua na hArda see Newtownards Balkany (town, west central Russia) : to 1929
Baile Riobaird see Robertstown Balkansky Priisk
Balkh 22

Balkh (town, north central Afghanistan) : an- Bancroft (village, Ontario, southeastern Canada)
cient Greek Bactra : to 1878 York River
Balkhash (city, eastern Kazakhstan) : to 1936 Bancroft see Chililabombwe
Bertys Bandar-e Abbas (city, southern Iran) : to 1622
Balkis (village, southern Turkey) : ancient Greek English Gombroon
Zeugma (The Greek name, meaning “junc- Bandar-e Anzali (city, northwestern Iran) : to
tion,” referred to the twin colonies that stood 1980 Bandar-e Pahlavi
either side of the Euphrates here.) Bandar-e B¨shehr see B¨shehr
Balla Balla see Mbalabala Bandar-e EmIm Khomeinn (city, southwestern
Ballina (town, western Ireland) : Irish Béal an Iran) : to 1979 Bandar-e Shahpur
Átha Bandar-e Pahlavi see Bandar-e Abzali
Ballinasloe (town, western Ireland) : Irish Béal Bandar-e Shah see Bandar-e Torkeman
Átha na Sluaighe Bandar-e Shahpur see Bandar-e EmIm Kho-
Ballinrobe (town, western Ireland) : Irish Baile meinn
na Róba Bandar-e Torkeman (town, northern Iran) : to
1
Ballycastle (town, northern Northern Ireland) : 1979 Bandar-e Shah
Irish Baile Chaisleáin Bandar Maharani see Muar
2
Ballycastle (village, northwestern Ireland) : Irish Bandar Seri Begawan (city, northern Brunei) :
Baile an Chaisil to 1970 Brunei Town
Ballydesmond (town, southeastern Ireland) : to Bandon (town, southern Ireland) : Irish Droi-
1938 Kingwilliamstown chead na Bandan
Ballymahon (town, north central Ireland) : Irish Bandundu (city, western Democratic Republic
Baile Uí Mhatháin of the Congo) : to 1966 French Banningville
Ballymena (town, north central Northern Ire- BanghIzn (city, northern Libya) : conventional
land) : Irish An Baile Meánach Benghazi; ancient Greek Berenice; earlier an-
Ballymoney (town, northern Northern Ireland) : cient Greek Hesperides; alternate ancient Greek
Irish Baile Monaidh Euhesperides
Ballymote (town, northwestern Ireland) : Irish Bangkok (city, central Thailand) : locally Krung
Baile an Mhóta Thep (The city’s local name, traditionally
Ballyshannon (town, northwestern Ireland) : translated “city of angels,” represents the first
Irish Béal Átha Seanaidh part of a famously lengthy full name.)
Balombo (town, western Angola) : 1920s–c.1979 Bangladesh (republic, southern Asia) : 1947–
Portuguese Norton de Matos 1971 East Pakistan; to 1947 East Bengal
1
Balpyk Bi (town, southeastern Kazakhstan) : Bangor (town, eastern Northern Ireland) : Irish
formerly Russian Kirovsky Beannchar
2
Balsas (city, northeastern Brazil) : to 1944 Santo Bangor (city, Maine, northeastern United
Antônio de Balsas States) : 1787–1791 Sunbury; to 1787 Ken-
BQl´i (town, north central Moldova) : (Russian duskeag Plantation
Bel’tsy); to 1918 Russian Bel’tsy Bangor is-coed see Bangor-on-Dee
Baltic Port see Paldiski Bangor-on-Dee (village, northeastern Wales) :
Baltinglass (town, western Ireland) : Irish Bea- Welsh Bangor is-coed
lach Conglais Banias (village, southwestern Syria) : Roman and
Baltisch-Port see Paldiski biblical Caesarea Philippi; ancient Greek Paneas
Baltiysk (town, western Russia) : to 1945 Ger- Banivs’ke see Slov’yanohirs’k
man Pillau Banjul (city, western Gambia) : to 1973 Bathurst
Baltiysky port see Paldiski Bankä (town, southeastern Azerbaijan) : 1939–
Baltser see 2Krasnoarmeysk c.1940 Russian imeni Kirova; to 1939 imeni
Balykchy (town, northern Kyrgyzstan) : Narimanova
1989–1992 Issyk-Kul’; to 1989 Russian Banki see 1Krasnogorsk
Rybach’ye Bannack City see Idaho City
Banaba (island, western Kiribati) : alternate Bannau Brycheiniog see Brecon Beacons
Ocean Island Banningville see Bandundu
Banatski Karlovac (village, northern Serbia) : Bannovalium see Horncastle
formerly RankoviWevo; to 1947 Karlovac Bannovsky see Slov’yanohirs’k
Banbridge (town, south central Northern Ire- Bannu (town, north central Pakistan) : 1869–
land) : Irish Droichead na Banna 1903 Edwardesabad; to 1869 Dalipnagar
 23 Bashkicheti

Banská Bystrica (town, central Slovakia) : to Barmouth (town, western Wales) : Welsh
1918 Hungarian Besztercebánya; to 1867 Ger- Abermo; alternate Welsh Y Bermo
man Neusohl Bärn see Moravskï Beroun
Banská ¶tiavnica (town, southern Slovakia) : to Barnsdall (town, Oklahoma, south central
1918 Hungarian Selmecbánya; to 1867 German United States) : to 1921 Bigheart
Schemnitz Baroda see Vadodara
Bantry (town, southwestern Ireland) : Irish Barotseland see Western
Beanntraí Barra (island, Western Isles, northwestern Scot-
Banzart see Bizerta land) : Gaelic Barraigh
Banzyville see Mobayi-Mbongo Barra Bonita see Ibaiti
Bar (town, southwestern Montenegro) : formerly Barracas al Sur see Avellaneda
Italian Antivari Barraigh see Barra
Barabhas see Barvas Barre (town, Vermont, northeastern United
Baran (town, eastern Belarus) : c.1918–1920s States) : originally Wildersburgh
Russian Krasny Oktyabr’ Barretts Cross see Kensington
Baranavichy (city, western Belarus) : (Russian Barrón Escandón see Apizaco
Baranovichi); 1919–1939 Polish Baranowicze; to Barry (town, southern Wales) : Welsh Y Barri
1918 Russian Baranovichi Barstow (city, California, western United States)
Baranchinsky (town, west central Russia) : to : to 1886 Waterman Junction; originally Fish-
1928 Baranchinsky Zavod pond
Baranchinsky Zavod see Baranchinsky Bartang (village, southeastern Tajikistan) : to
Baranovichi see Baranavichy c.1935 Siponzh
Baranowicze see Baranavichy Bartenstein see Bartoszyce
Barão de Cocais (city, southeastern Brazil) : to Bártfa see Bardejov
1944 Morro Grande Bartfeld see Bardejov
Barbuda (island, eastern West Indies) : formerly Bartholomew Island see Malo
Dulcina Bartolo see Betanzos
Barbudo see El Banco Bartoszyce (town, northeastern Poland) : to 1945
Barca see Al Marj German Bartenstein
Barce see Al Marj Barvas (village, Western Isles, northwestern
Barcelona (city, northeastern Spain) : formerly Scotland) : Gaelic Barabhas
Barcinona; Roman Barcino (The full title of Bärwalde see Barwice
the Roman port city was Colonia Julia Augusta Barwice (town, northwestern Poland) : to 1945
Paterna Barcino.) German Bärwalde
Barcino see Barcelona Baryshnikovo see 1Krasnogorskoye
Barcinona see Barcelona Basarabeasca (town, southern Moldova) : (Rus-
Barczewo (town, northeastern Poland) : to 1945 sian Bessarabka); formerly Russian Romanovka
German Wartenburg Basargechar see Vardenis
Bardejov (town, northeastern Slovakia) : to 1918 Basel (city, northern Switzerland) : conventional
Hungarian Bártfa; to 1867 German Bartfeld English Basle; French Bâle; Italian Basilea;
Bardo (town, southwestern Poland) : to 1945 Roman Basilea; earlier Roman Robur (English
German Wartha generally uses the German form of the name,
Bardsey (island, western Wales) : Welsh Ynys although older French Basle was long current
Enlli and the spelling Basil also existed. The city is
Bardstown (town, Kentucky, east central United capital of, and virtually coextensive with, the
States) : originally Salem demicanton of Basel-Stadt.)
BIrfurush see BIbol Basel-Landschaft (demicanton, northern
Bar Harbor (town, Maine, northeastern United Switzerland) : French Bâle-Campagne (The
States) : to 1918 Eden demicanton was formed in 1833 by the divi-
Bari (city, southeastern Italy) : Roman Barium sion of Basel canton into two half-cantons.)
Barium see Bari Basel-Stadt (demicanton, northern Switzerland)
Bar-le-Duc (town, northeastern France) : Me- : French Bâle-Ville (The demicanton was
dieval Latin Castrum Barrum formed in 1833 by the division of Basel canton
Barlinek (town, northwestern Poland) : to 1945 into two half-cantons.)
German Berlinchen Bashanta see Gorodovikovsk
Barmen-Elberfeld see Wuppertal Bashkicheti see Dmanisi
Bashkiria 24

Bashkiria see Bashkortostan Baudens see Belarbi

Bashkortostan (republic, western Russia) : to Baudouinville see Moba
1991 Bashkiria Bauerwitz see Baborów
Bashtanka (town, southern Ukraine) : to c.1930 Bauman see Shofirkon
Poltavka Baumanabad see Panj
Basil see Basel Bausk see Bauska
Basilea see Basel Bauska (town, southern Latvia) : to 1918 Russian
Basilicata (region, southern Italy) : Roman Luca- Bausk
nia Bauyrzhan Momyshuly (town, southern Kaza-
Basle see Basel khstan) : formerly Russian Burnoye
1
Basque Country (region, northern Spain) : Bauzanum see Bolzano
[Spanish País Vasco; Basque Euskadi] (The Bavaria (state, southern Germany) : [German
Roman region of Vasconia gave the Spanish Bayern]
name of this region as well as that of Gascony, Baxt (town, eastern Uzbekistan) : to 1963 Rus-
France, and ultimately the word Basque itself. sian Velikoalekseyevsky
Cp. 2Basque Country.) Bayan Tumen see Choybalsan
2
Basque Country (region, southwestern France) Bayern see Bavaria
: [French Pays Basque] (Unlike Spain’s 1Basque Bayeux (town, northwestern France) : Roman
Country, which is both a historical region and Augustodurum; Celtic Bajocasses
an autonomous community, the French region Bayganin (village, west central Kazakhstan) :
is cultural only.) formerly Karaulkeldy
Basses-Alpes see Alpes-de-Haute-Provence Bayhead (village, Western Isles, northwestern
Basses-Pyrénées see Pyrénées-Atlantiques Scotland) : Gaelic Ceann a Bhaigh
Bassett-town see 2Washington Bayit veGan see Bat Yam
Bassopiano Orientale see Massawa Baykadam see Saudakent
Bastenaken see Bastogne Baykonur see Baykonyr
Basti see Baza Baykonyr (town, south central Kazakhstan) :
Bastogne (town, southeastern Belgium) : Flem- (Russian Baykonur); formerly Russian Leninsk
ish Bastenaken (The town is the site of the Soviet space-
Basutoland see Lesotho launch complex, which for purposes of disin-
Batalhão see Taperoá formation borrowed the name of another
Batalpashinsk see Cherkessk Baykonyr, 220 miles to the northeast, near
Batalpashinskaya see Cherkessk Zhezkazgan.)
Batavia see Jakarta Bayley’s Reward see Coolgardie
Batbakkara see Amangeldy Baymak (town, west central Russia) : to 1944
1
Bath (city, southwestern England) : Medieval Baymak-Tanalykovo
Latin Bathonia; Roman Aquae Sulis; alternate Baymak-Tanalykovo see Baymak
1
Roman Aquae Calidae Bayonne (town, southwestern France) : Roman
2
Bath (village, Ontario, southeastern Canada) : Lapurdum
2
to 1812 Ernestown Bayonne (city, New Jersey, northeastern United
Bath see Berkeley Springs States) : to 1869 Konstable Hoeck
Bathonia see 1Bath Bayrak see Kalinins’k
Bathurst (town, New Brunswick, eastern Bayram-Ali see Bayramaly
Canada) : to 1826 St. Peters; originally Nepisi- Bayramaly (city, southeastern Turkmenistan) :
guit formerly Bayram-Ali
Bathurst see Banjul Bayr¨t see Beirut
Bathurst Inlet (village, Nunavut, northern Bayt La∏m see Bethlehem
Canada) : alternate Inuit Qingaq Baza (city, southern Spain) : Roman Basti
Batken (town, western Kyrgyzstan) : to 1945 Bazarcik see Dobrich
Batken-Buzhum Bazargic see Dobrich
Batken-Buzhum see Batken Bazin see Pezinok
Batna (city, northeastern Algeria) : to 1849 Beaconsfield (town, Victoria, southeastern Aus-
French Nouvelle-Lambèse tralia) : to 1879 Brandy Creek
Bat’ovany see Partizánske Bealach Conglais see Baltinglass
Bat Yam (city, west central Israel) : to 1936 Bayit Béal an Átha see Ballina
veGan Béal an Mhuirthead see Belmullet
 25 Belgoray

Béal Átha na Muice see Swinford Beinn na Faoghla see Benbecula

Béal Átha na Sluaighe see Ballinasloe Beirut (city, western Lebanon) : [Arabic Bayr¨t];
Béal Átha Seanaidh see Ballyshannon formerly French Beyrouth; Roman Berytus
Béal Feirste see Belfast (The city was captured by the French in 1918
Béal na mBuillí see Strokestown in a campaign against Turkey.)
Béal Tairbirt see Belturbet Beit Guvrin (kibbutz, western Israel) : ancient
Beannchar see 1Bangor Greek Eleutheropolis
Beanntraí see Bantry Beitsch see Biecz
Beaucaire (town, southern France) : Medieval Beja (city, southern Portugal) : Roman Pax Julia
Latin Belli Quadrum; Roman Ugernum Béja (town, northern Tunisia) : Roman Vacca
Beaufort (village, southeastern Wales) : Welsh Bejaïa (city, northeastern Algeria) : to c.1962
Cendl French Bougie; Roman Saldae
Beaufort see Montmorency-Beaufort Bekabad see Bekobod
Beaumaris (town, northwestern Wales) : Welsh Bek-Budi see Qarshi
Biwmares Bekobod (city, eastern Uzbekistan) : (Russian
Beaumont (city, Texas, southern United States) : Bekabad); to 1964 Begovat
to 1835 Tevis Bluff Bela Aliança see Rio do Sul
Beaune (town, east central France) : Roman Belna Bela-Bela (town, northern South Africa) :
Beauvais (town, northern France) : Roman 1920–2002 Warmbad (alternate English
Bellovacum; earlier Roman Caesaromagus Warmbaths); to 1920 Hartingsburg
Beaver River see Beaverton Bela Crkva (town, eastern Serbia) : to 1918 Hun-
Beaverton (village, Ontario, southeastern Can- garian Fehértemplom; to 1867 German Weiss-
ada) : to 1928 Beaver River kirchen
BeVej (town, northern Serbia) : to 1918, 1941– Bela Palanka (town, southeastern Serbia) : to
1944 Hungarian Óbecse (The town was also 1878 Turkish Akpalanka
known as Stari BeVej, “Old BeVej,” matching Bfilá pod Bezdfizem (town, western Czech Re-
the former Hungarian name.) public) : to 1918, 1939–1945 German Weiss-
Béchar (town, western Algeria) : to c.1962 wasser
French Colomb-Béchar Belarbi (village, northwestern Algeria) : to c.1962
Bechuanaland see Botswana French Baudens
Bécs see Vienna Belarus (republic, eastern Europe) : to 1991 Be-
Beda Littoria see Sidi Rafa lorussia [Russian Belorossiya]; earlier English
Bedeau see Ras el Ma traditional White Russia
Bedford (town, Quebec, southeastern Canada) : Bela Slatina see Byala Slatina
formerly Stanbridge Falls Belavezha see Biaùowie∞a
Bedloe’s Island see Liberty Island Bela Vista see Echaporã
Bednodem’yanovsk (town, western Russia) : to Belaya Kalitva (city, western Russia) : to 1941
1925 Spassk Ust’-Belokalitvenskaya
Bddzin (town, southeastern Poland) : 1940–1945 Belaya Padleskaya see Biaùa Podlaska
German Bendsburg; to 1915 Russian Bendin Belaya Podlyashskaya see Biaùa Podlaska
Beekmanton see Sleepy Hollow Belaya Tserkov’ see Bila Tserkva
Beeroth see Al Bnrah Belém (city, northern Brazil) : alternate Pará
Beersheba (town, southern Israel) : [Hebrew Belém see Palmeirais
Be’er Sheva‘; Arabic Bnr as-Saba‘ ] Belerium see Land’s End
Be’er Sheva’ see Beersheba Belfast (city, eastern Northern Ireland) : Irish
Beeson’s Town see Uniontown Béal Feirste
Beeton (village, Ontario, southeastern Canada) : Belfast see Port Fairy
to 1878 Clarksville Belgard see Biaùogard
Begovat see Bekobod Belgian Congo see Congo, Democratic Re-
Behshahr (town, northern Iran) : to mid–1930s public of the
Ashraf België see Belgium
Bei-alan see Smirnenski Belgique see Belgium
Beijing (city, northeastern China) : formerly Belgium (kingdom, northwestern Europe) :
conventional Peking; 1368–1403, 1928–1949 [Flemish België; French Belgique]; to 1830
Peiping; 13th century Khanbalik (conventional Spanish Netherlands
Cambaluc); earlier Yen Belgoray see Biùgoraj
Belgorod 26

Belgorod see Bilhorod-Dnistrovs’kyy Belorussia see Belarus

Belgorod-Dnestrovsky see Bilhorod-Dnistro- Beloretsk (town, west central Russia) : to 1923
vs’kyy Beloretsky Zavod
Belgrade (city, central Serbia) : [Serbo-Croat Beloretsky Zavod see Beloretsk
Beograd ]; Roman Singidunum Beloshchel’ye see Nar’yan-Mar
Belhaven see 2Alexandria Belostok see Biaùystok
Beligrad see Berat Belotsarsk see Kyzyl
Belingwe see Mberengwa Belovár see Bjelovar
Belinsky (town, southwestern Russia) : to 1948 Belovezha see Biaùowie∞a
Chembar Belovo see Zemen
Belize (country, northeastern Central America) : Belovodsk see Bilovods’k
1840–1971 British Honduras Belovodskoye see Bilovods’k
Bella Unión (city, northwestern Uruguay) : to Belsk see Bielsk Podlaski
1930s Santa Rosa Bel’tsy see BQl´i
Bella Vista (town, southern Mexico) : to 1934 Belturbet (town, northern Ireland) : Irish Béal
San Pedro Remate Tairbirt
Belle-Anse (town, southern Haiti) : formerly Bely Bychek see Chagoda
Saltrou Bely Klyuch see Krasny Klyuch
Belle Glade (town, Florida, southeastern United Belyye Kresty see Sazonovo
States) : to 1921 Hillsborough Canal Settlement Belyye Vody see 2Aksu
Bellehaven see Arlington Beman’s Corners see Newmarket
Belleville (city, Ontario, southeastern Canada) : Benacus see Garda
to 1816 Meyers’ Creek Benares see Varanasi
Bellingham (city, Washington, northwestern Benbecula (island, Western Isles, northwestern
United States) : to 1903 Whatcom (The city Scotland) : Gaelic Beinn na Faoghla
was formed when Whatcom merged with three Bend (city, Oregon, western United States) :
other communities.) originally Farewell Bend
Bellingshausen Island see Motu One Bender see Tighina
Belli Quadrum see Beaucaire Bendery see Tighina
Bellovacum see Beauvais Bendigo (city, Victoria, southeastern Australia) :
Bell Rock (island, eastern Scotland) : alternate to 1891 Sandhurst
Inchcape Rock (The alternate name was popu- Bendin see Bddzin
larized by Robert Southey’s 1802 ballad “The Bendix see Teterborough
Inchcape Rock.” See also Arbroath.) Bendsburg see Bddzin
Belluno (city, northeastern Italy) : Roman Bel- Beneditinos (town, northeastern Brazil) : to
lunum 1944 São Benedito
Bellunum see Belluno Benefactor see 1San Juan
Belmeken see Kolarov Beneschau see (1) Bene§ov; (2) Dolní Bene§ov
Belmonte see Kuito Bene§ov (town, central Czech Republic) : to
Belmullet (town, western Ireland) : Irish Béal an 1918, 1939–1945 German Beneschau
Mhuirthead Benevento (city, southern Italy) : Roman Ben-
Belna see Beaune eventum; earlier Roman Maleventum
Belogorsk (city, eastern Russia) : 1935–1957 Beneventum see Benevento
Kuybyshevka-Vostochnaya; 1931–1935 Krasno- Benghazi see BanghIzn
partizansk; 1926–1931 Aleksandrovsk; 1860– Benin (country, western Africa) : to 1975 Da-
1926 Bochkarevo homey
Belogorsk see Bilohirs’k Bennachie (upland area, northeastern Scotland) :
Belogor’ye see Bilohirya Roman Graupius Mons (The Roman name has
Belo Horizonte (city, eastern Brazil) : to 1901 been spuriously connected with the Grampian
Cidade de Minas mountains in this part of Scotland.)
Belokamensk see Inkerman Ben Slimane (town, northwestern Morocco) :
Belolutsk see Biloluts’k formerly French Boulhaut
Belolutskaya see Biloluts’k Bentinck see 3Durham
Belomorsk (town, northwestern Russia) : to Benton Harbor (town, Michigan, north central
1938 Soroka United States) : originally Brunson Harbor
Belorossiya see Belarus Bentschen see ZbRszyü
 27 Beverly

Beograd see Belgrade 2

Berlin (town, New Hampshire, northeastern
Berane (town, eastern Montenegro) : 1949–1992 United States) : to 1821 Maynesborough
Ivangrad Berlin see Kitchener
Bérard see Aïn Tagourit Berlinchen see Barlinek
Berat (town, south central Albania) : Medieval Bermuda (island group, northwestern Atlantic) :
Slavonic Beligrad; ancient Greek Antipatria formerly English Somers Islands
Beraun see Beroun Bern (city, west central Switzerland) : French
Berdichev see Berdychiv Berne; Italian Berna (English generally prefers
Berdyansk see Berdyans’k the German form of the name, although the
Berdyans’k (city, southeastern Ukraine) : (Rus- French form is sometimes used alternately.)
sian Berdyansk); 1939–1958 Osypenko (Russian Berna see Bern
Osipenko) Bernardsville (town, New Jersey, northeastern
Berdychiv (city, west central Ukraine) : (Russian United States) : to 1840 Vealtown
Berdichev); to 1918 Russian Berdichev Berne see Bern
Berea see Véroia Bernolákovo (town, southwestern Slovakia) : to
Beregovo see Berehove 1918, 1938–1945 Hungarian Cseklész
Beregovoy (village, eastern Russia) : formerly Bernstadt see Bierutów
Kharino Bernstein see Peùczyce
Beregszász see Berehove Beroea see Aleppo
Berehove (city, western Ukraine) : (Russian Bere- Beroun (town, western Czech Republic) : to
govo); 1944–1945 Czech Berehovo; 1938–1945 1918, 1938–1945 German Beraun
Hungarian Beregszász; 1919–1938 Czech Bere- Berrahal (village, northeastern Algeria) : for-
hovo; to 1918 German Sächsisch-Bereg merly Aïn Mokra
Berehovo see Berehove Berriam see Kewanee
Berenice see BanghIzn Bertolínia (town, northeastern Brazil) : to 1944
Berenicia see Préveza Aparacida
Berent see Ko¢cierzyna Bertys see Balkhash
Bereza Kartuska see Byaroza Beruniy (town, western Uzbekistan) : to 1958
Berezanka (town, southern Ukraine) : to c.1960 Shabbaz
Tylyhulo-Berezanka (Russian Tiligulo-Berezanka) Berwyn see Gene Autry
Berezhany (town, western Ukraine) : 1919–1939 Beryoza see Byaroza
Polish Brze∞any Berytus see Beirut
Bereznik (town, northwestern Russia) : to 1962 Besançon (city, eastern France) : Roman Vesontio
Semyonovskoye Beshariq (town, western Uzbekistan) :
Berezniki (town, western Russia) : to 1933 c.1940–1983 Russian Kirovo; 1937–c.1940 Rus-
Usol’ye-Solikamskoye sian imeni Kirova
Bergama (town, western Turkey) : Roman Perga- Bessarabka see Basarabeasca
mum; ancient Greek Pergamon Beszterce see Bistri´a
Bergamo (city, northern Italy) : Roman Bergo- Besztercebánya see Banská Bystrica
mum Betanzos (town, southeastern Bolivia) : to 1900s
Bergen (city, southwestern Norway) : originally Bartolo
Bjørgvin Bethany see Al-‘Ayzarnyah
Bergen see Mons Bethlehem (city, south central West Bank) :
Bergen Iron Works see 1Lakewood [Arabic Bayt La∏m]
Bergomum see Bergamo Beth-shemesh see Heliopolis
Bergreichenstein see Ka§perské Hory Bet She’an (town, northeastern Israel) : ancient
Bergstadt see Le§nica Greek Scythopolis
Bergytown see Hespeler Bettendorf (city, Iowa, north central United
Berkeley Springs (town, West Virginia, east States) : to 1902 Lilienthal
central United States) : formerly (and still Beuthen see Bytom
officially) Bath Beuvray, Mont (mountain, east central France) :
Berkovets see Kotsyubyns’ke Roman Bibracte (The Roman name was that of
Berkovets’ see Kotsyubyns’ke a hill fort here, the original capital of the
Berlengas see Valença do Piauí Aedui, a Celtic people, who later moved to
1
Berlin (town, Connecticut, northeastern United Augustodunum, modern Autun.)
States) : to 1785 Kensington Beverly see Beverly Hills
Beverly Hills 28

Beverly Hills (city, California, western United Bibala (town, southwestern Angola) : to c.1979
States) : 1906–1914 Beverly; to 1906 Rancho Portuguese Vila Arriaga
Rodeo de las Aguas Bibracte see Beuvray, Mont
Beverwyck see 1Albany Bibrka (town, western Ukraine) : (Russian Bo-
Bewcastle (hamlet, northern England) : Roman brka); to 1939 Polish Bóbrka
Fanum Cocidi (The assignment of the Roman Biddeford see Saco
name to this particular location is tentative but Biecz (town, southeastern Poland) : to 1945 Ger-
made on plausible grounds.) man Beitsch
Beyläqan (town, southern Azerbaijan) : to 1989 Biel (city, northwestern Switzerland) : French Bi-
Russian Zhdanovsk enne
Beyrouth see Beirut Bielau see Pilawa
Beyuk-Vedi see Vedi Bielawa (town, southwestern Poland) : to 1945
Bezdru±ice (village, western Czech Republic) : German Langenbielau
to 1918, 1939–1945 German Weseritz Bielitz see Bielsko
Bezhitsa (town, western Russia) : 1936–1943 Or- Bielsko (town, southern Poland) : to 1919, 1939–
dzhonikidzegrad (The town was incorporated 1945 German Bielitz (In 1950 Bielsko united
into the city of Bryansk in 1956.) with Biaùa to form the city of Bielsko-Biaùa.)
Béziers (city, southern France) : Roman Baeter- Bielsk Podlaski (town, northeastern Poland) :
rae 1807–1915 Russian Belsk
Bezmer (village, southeastern Bulgaria) : to 1934 Bienne see Biel
Turkish Khamzoren Bierry-les-Belles-Fontaines (village, north cen-
Bhadgaon (town, central Nepal) : formerly tral France) : 1738–1882 Anstrude
Bhaktapur Bierutów (town, southwestern Poland) : to 1945
Bhaktapur see Bhadgaon German Bernstadt
BhIrat see India Big Boiling Springs see Russellville
Bhatner see Hanumangarh Big Bull Falls see Wausau
Bhutan (kingdom, southeastern Asia) : local (Ti- Big Glades see Wise
betan) Druk-Yul (The local name gave the Bigheart see Barnsdall
country’s English byname “Land of the Bight of Biafra see Biafra, Bight of
Dragon.”) Big Lick see Roanoke
Biafra, Bight of (western Africa) : alternate Bight Big St. Joseph Station see South Bend
of Bonny BihaW (town, western Bosnia-Herzegovina) : to
Biaùa (town, southwestern Poland) : to 1945 1878 Turkish Bihkeh
German Zülz Bihkeh see BihaW
Biaùa Piska (town, northeastern Poland) : 1938– Bikini (atoll, central Marshall Islands) : formerly
1945 German Bialla; to 1938 German Gehlen- Eschscholtz Island
burg Biläsuvar (town, southeastern Azerbaijan) : for-
Biaùa Podlaska (town, eastern Poland) : 1939– merly Russian Pushkino
1941 Belarussian Belaya Padleskaya; to 1918 Bila Tserkva (town, northern Ukraine) : (Rus-
Russian Belaya Podlyashskaya sian Belaya Tserkov’); to 1918 Russian Belaya
Bialla see Biaùa Piska Tserkov’; to 1155 Russian Yur’yev
Biaùogard (town, northwestern Poland) : to 1945 BileWa (town, southern Bosnia-Herzegovina) : to
German Belgard 1878 Turkish Bilek
Biaùowie∞a (village, eastern Poland) : 1939–1941 Bilek see BileWa
Belarussian Belavezha; to 1915 Russian Belo- Biùhoraj (town, eastern Poland) : to 1915 Russian
vezha Belgoray
Biaùy Bór (town, northwestern Poland) : to 1945 Bilhorod-Dnistrovs’kyy (city, southern
German Baldenburg Ukraine) : (Russian Belgorod-Dnestrovsky);
Biaùy Kamieü (town, southwestern Poland) : to 1940–1944 Russian Belgorod; 1918–1940 Ro-
1945 German Weiss-stein manian Cetatea AlbQ; 1812–1918 Russian Belgo-
Bialystok see Biaùystok rod; 1484–1812 Turkish Akkerman; ancient
Biaùystok (city, northeastern Poland) : 1941–1944 Greek Tyras
German Bialystok; 1939–1941 Russian Belostok; Bilimbay (town, west central Russia) : to 1929
1795–1807 German Bialystok Bilimbayevsky Zavod
Biarritz (town, southwestern France) : [Basque Bilimbayevsky Zavod see Bilibay
Miarritze] Bilin see Bílina
 29 Björneborg

Bílina (town, northwestern Czech Republic) : to Vizcaya; Roman Mare Cantabricum (English
1918, 1938–1945 German Bilin prefers to name the bay for the Spanish prov-
Billings see Monett ince of Vizcaya; French for the French prov-
Bilohirs’k (town, southern Ukraine) : (Russian ince of Gascony. The Roman name relates to
Belogorsk); to 1944 Karasubazar the modern Spanish province of Cantabria.
Bilohirya (town, west central Ukraine) : (Rus- Geographers point out that the English name
sian Belogor’ye); to 1946 Lyakhivtsi (Russian generally covers a larger stretch of water
Lyakhovtsy) than the French or Spanish.)
Bilokam’yans’k see Inkerman Bischoflack see ¶kofja Loka
Biloluts’k (town, eastern Ukraine) : (Russian Be- Bischofsburg see Biskupice
lolutsk); to 1927 Biloluts’ka (Russian Belolut- Bischofstal see Ujazd
skaya) Bischofstein see Bisztynek
Biloluts’ka see Biloluts’k Bischofteinitz see Hor§ovskï Tï n
Bílovec (town, eastern Czech Republic) : to 1918, Bisert (town, west central Russia) : to 1942
1938–1945 German Wagstadt Bisertsky Zavod
Bilovods’k (town, eastern Ukraine) : (Russian Bisertsky Zavod see Bisert
Belovodsk); to 1937 Bilovods’ke (Russian Bishkek (city, northern Kyrgyzstan) : 1926–
Belovodskoye) 1991 Russian Frunze; 1862–1926 Russian Pish-
Bilovods’ke see Bilovods’k pek
Bindloe Island see Marchena, Isla Bishopston (village, southern Wales) : Welsh
Binghamton (city, New York, northeastern Llandeilo Ferwallt
United States) : originally Chenango Point Biskupice (town, southeastern Poland) : to 1945
Binn Éadair see Howth German Bischofsburg
Biograd na Moru (town, southern Croatia) : to Biskupiec (town, northeastern Poland) : to 1945
1918 Italian Zaravecchia German Bischofswerder
Bioko (island, northwestern Equatorial Guinea) Bismarck (city, North Dakota, northern United
1973–1979 Macías Nguema Biyogo; 1494–1973 States) : to 1873 Camp Hancock; earlier Camp
Fernando Po; earlier Portuguese Formosa Greeley; originally Crossing on the Missouri
Biorra see Birr Bismarckburg see Kasanga
Bipontium see Zweibrücken Bistri´a (city, north central Romania) : 1940–
Birgu see Vittoriosa 1944 Hungarian Beszterce; to 1867 German
Birkat QIr¨n (lake, northern Egypt) : ancient Bistritz
Greek Lake Moeris (The present lake is smaller Bistritz see Bistri´a
in size than the original, whose ancient Egypt- Bisztynek (town, northeastern Poland) : to 1945
ian name means “big lake.”) German Bischofstein
Bir Mogreïn (town, northern Mauritania) : to Bitola (city, southern Macedonia) : to 1913 Turk-
c.1958 French Fort-Trinquet ish Monastir
Birnbaum see Middzychód Bitonto (town, southeastern Italy) : Roman Bu-
Birobidzhan (city, southeastern Russia) : to 1928 tuntum
Tikhon’kaya Bitterne (village, southern England) : Roman
Birr (town, central Ireland) : Irish Biorra; for- Clausentum (The Roman name has also been
merly English Parsonstown applied to the village of Wickham, 6 miles to
Bnr as-Saba‘ see Beersheba the west, but the coastal site, with its historic
Biruintsa see ßtefan VodQ naval base, is the traditional one. Bitterne is
Biryuch see 1Krasnogvardeyskoye now a suburb of Southampton.)
Biryusinsk (town, eastern Russia) : to 1987 Bituricum see Bourges
Suyetikha Biwmares see Beaumaris
Bir±ai (town, northern Lithuania) : (Russian Biyuk-Onlar see Oktyabrs’ke
Birzhay); to 1918 Russian Birzhi Bizerta (city, northern Tunisia) : alternate Ban-
Birzhay see Bir±ai zart; Roman Hippo Zarytus, earlier Roman
Birzhi see Bir±ai Hippo Diarrhytus
Birzula see Kotovs’k Bjelovar (town, central Croatia) : to 1918 Hun-
Bisanthe see Tekirdağ garian Belovár
Biscari see Acate Bjørgvin see Bergen
Biscay, Bay of (western France/northern Spain) : Björkö see 2Primorsk
French Golfe de Gascogne; Spanish Golfo de Björneborg see Pori
Blachownia 30

Blachownia (town, southern Poland) : to 1945 Blessington (town, eastern Ireland) : Irish Baile
German Blechhammer Coimín
Black Forest (wooded region, western Germany) Blestium see Monmouth
: [German Schwarzwald ] Blindheim see 1Blenheim
Black Mountain (southern Wales) : Welsh Y Bloemfontein (city, south central South Africa) :
Mynydd Du (The range lies to the west of the [Sotho Mangaung]
Black Mountains, which partly extend into Bloom see Chicago Heights
1
England.) Bloomfield (town, Connecticut, northeastern
Black Mountains (southeastern Wales) : Welsh United States) : to 1835 Wintonbury
2
Mynydd Du (The Welsh name translates as Bloomfield (town, New Jersey, northeastern
“Black Mountain,” and a plural equivalent, Y United States) : to 1796 Wardsesson
Mynyddoedd Duon, is sometimes found.) Blooming Grove see Bloomington
Black River (southwestern China/northern Viet- Bloomington (city, Illinois, north central United
nam) : Vietnamese Song Da; Chinese Hei Chi- States) : to 1831 Blooming Grove; originally Keg
ang Grove
Black River see Lorain Bloomington see Muscatine
Blackrock (town, eastern Ireland) : Irish An Bloomsburg (town, Pennsylvania, northeastern
Charraig Dhubh United States) : to 1870 Eyertown
Black Sea (southern Europe) : former alternate Bluefields see Zelaya
English Euxine Sea; Roman Pontus Euxinus Blue Nile (river, southern Sudan) : [Arabic Ba∏r
Blackwell’s Island see Roosevelt Island al-Azraq]
Blackwood (town, southern Wales) : Welsh Bluff (town, southern New Zealand) : formerly
Coed-duon Port Macquarie
Blaenavon (town, southeastern Wales) : Welsh Bluffs see 1Quincy
Blaenafon; formerly often English Blenavon Blumenau see Stettler
Blaendulais see Seven Sisters Blyukherovo see 2Leninskoye
Blagoevgrad (town, southwestern Bulgaria) : Boa Esperança (town, southeastern Brazil) : to
to 1950 Gorna Dzhumaya; to 1913 Turkish 1940 Dores da Boa Esperança
Cuma Boa Esperança see (1) Boa Esperança do Sul;
Blagoveshchensk (town, west central Russia) : to (2) Esperantina
1942 Blagoveshchensky Zavod Boa Esperança do Sul (town, southeastern
Blagoveshchensky Zavod see Blagoveshchensk Brazil) : to 1944 Boa Esperança
Blaj (town, central Romania) : to 1918 Hungar- Boat Yard see Kingsport
ian Balázsfalva; to 1867 German Blasendorf Boa Vista see (1) Erechim; (2) Tocantinópolis
Blakang Mati see Sentosa Bobolice (town, northwestern Poland) : to 1945
Blakelytown see Arkadelphia German Bublitz
Blaketown see Greymouth Bobriki see Novomoskovsk
Blanco see Luperón Bobrka see Bibrka
Blarney (village, southern Ireland) : Irish An Bóbrka see Bibrka
Bhlarna Bobruysk see Babruysk
Blasendorf see Blaj Bocâina (town, southeastern Brazil) : to 1938 São
Blatna see Blatná João da Bocâina
Blatná (town, southwestern Czech Republic) : to Bocaiúva see (1) Bocaiúva do Sul; (2) Macatuba
1918, 1939–1945 German Blatna Bocaiúva do Sul (town, southern Brazil) : 1944–
Blechhammer see Blachownia 1948 Imbuial; to 1944 Bocaiúva
Bled (town, northwestern Slovenia) : to 1918, Bochkarevo see Belogorsk
1941–1945 German Veldes Bod see Tibet
Blenavon see Blaenavon Bodenbach see Podmokly
1
Blenheim (village, southern Germany) : Ger- Bodensee see Constance, Lake
man Blindheim (The English name is famed Bodincomagus see Casale Monferrato
for the battle of 1704 in which the English and Bodrum (town, southwestern Turkey) : ancient
Austrians defeated the French and Bavarians in Greek Halicarnassus
the War of the Spanish Succession. Germans Bogatynia (town, southwestern Poland) : to 1945
usually know the battle as Höchstadt.) German Reichenau
2
Blenheim (town, Ontario, southeastern Boghari see Ksar el Boukhari
Canada) : formerly Rondeau Bogodukhovka see Chkalovo
 31 Bonvilston

Bogomdarovanny see Kommunar Bolivia (republic, west central South America) :

Bogomolstroy see Krasnoural’sk to 1825 Upper Peru
Bogor (city, southern Indonesia) : to 1945 Dutch Bolkenhain see Bolków
Buitenzorg Bolków (town, southwestern Poland) : to 1945
Bogorodsk see (1) Kamskoye Ust’ye; (2) No- German Bolkenhain
ginsk Bolnisi (town, southern Georgia) : 1936–1943
Bogorodskoye see 1Leninskoye Lyuksemburgi; 1921–1936 Lyuksemburg; to 1921
Bogoslovsk see Karpinsk Yekaterinofeld
Bogotá (city, central Colombia) : formerly Span- Bologhine (town, northern Algeria) : to c.1962
ish (and still official) Santa Fé de Bogotá; earlier French St.-Eugène (The town is now a suburb
Santa Fé de Bacatá of Algiers.)
Bogoyavlensk see 1Zhovtneve Bologna (city, northern Italy) : Roman Bononia;
Bogoyavlenskoye see 1Pervomaysky Etruscan Felsina
Bogumin see Bohumín Bolsena (town, central Italy) : Roman Volsinii
Boguszów (town, southwestern Poland) : to 1945 Bol’shakovo (village, western Russia) : 1938–
German Gottesberg 1945 German Kreuzingen; to 1938 German
Bo Hai (gulf, eastern China) : alternate Gulf of Gross-Skaisgirren
Chihli Bol’shaya Garmanda see Evensk
Bohemia (historic kingdom, central Europe) : Bol’shaya Martynovka (village, western Russia) :
[German Böhmen; Czech Techy] (Bohemia to c.1944 Martynovka
now occupies the west and center of the Czech Bol’shaya Seydemenukha see Kalinins’ke
Republic, Moravia the eastern part.) Bolshevik see Sveta Anastasiya
Bohemian Forest (southeastern Germany/south- Bol’shevo (town, western Russia) : 1928–mid–
western Czech Republic) : [German Böhmer- 1950s Stalinsky
wald; Czech Teskï Les] Bol’shiye Arabuzy see 4Pervomayskoye
Böhmen see Bohemia Bol’shiye Soli see Nekrasovskoye
Böhmerwald see Bohemian Forest Bol’shoy Kosheley see 2Komsomol’skoye
Böhmisch-Brod see Teskï Brod Bol’shoy Tokmak see Tokmak
Böhmisch-Kamnitz see Teská Kamenice Bol’shoy Yanisol’ see Velyka Novosilka
Böhmisch-Krumau see Teskï Krumov Bolton see Stonefort
Böhmisch-Leipa see Teská Lípa Bolzano (town, northern Italy) : to 1918 German
Böhmisch-Skalitz see Teská Skalice Bozen; Roman Bauzanum
Böhmisch-Trübau see Teská T†ebová Bombay see Mumbai
Bohoyavlens’ke see 1Zhovtneve Bombon, Lake see Taal, Lake
Bohumín (town, eastern Czech Republic) : Bom Jardim (city, southeastern Brazil) : 1944–
1939–1945 German Oderberg; 1918–1919, 1948 Vergel
1938–1939 Polish Bogumin; to 1918 German Bom Jardim see Bom Jardim de Minas
Oderberg Bom Jardim de Minas (town, southeastern
Boiling Springs see Rutherford Brazil) : to 1944 Bom Jardim
Bois-le-Duc see ’s-Hertogenbosch Bomst see Babimost
Boissevain (village, Manitoba, central Canada) : Bonaparte see Réunion
to 1886 Cherry Creek Bondyuzhsky see Mendeleyevsk
Bojodurum see Passau Bône see Annaba
Bokovo-Antratsit see Antratsyt Bonfim see (1) Senhor do Bonfim; (2) Silvâ-
Bokovo-Antratsyt see Antratsyt nia
Boldumsaz (town, northern Turkmenistan) : Bonin Islands (western Pacific) : Japanese Oga-
formerly Kalinin; to 1936 Porsy sawara-gunto (The islands belong to Japan but
Bolesùawiec (town, southwestern Poland) : to were under United States administration from
1945 German Bunzlau 1945 to 1968.)
Boleszkowice (town, northwestern Poland) : to Bonna (city, western Germany) : Roman Bonna
1945 German Fürstenfelde Bonna see Bonn
Bolgar (town, western Russia) : 1935–1991 Kuy- Bonny, Bight of see Biafra, Bight of
byshev; 1926–1935 Spassk-Tatarsky; to 1926 Bononia see (1) Bologna; (2) Boulogne;
Spassk (3) Vidin
Bolívar, Cerro (mountain, eastern Venezuela) : Bonvilston (village, southeastern Wales) : Welsh
to 1948 La Parida Tresimwn
Boone 32

Boone (town, Iowa, north central United States) Borysthenes see Dnieper
: to 1871 Montana Bosanski Brod (town, northern Bosnia-Herze-
Boothia Felix see Boothia Peninsula govina) : to 1878 Turkish Brod
Boothia Peninsula (Nunavut, northern Canada) Bosanski Novi (town, northwestern Bosnia-
: formerly Boothia Felix Herzegovina) : to 1878 Turkish Novi
Borbetomagus see Worms Boscawen Island see Niuatoputopu
Borchalo see Marneuli Boshnyakovo (town, eastern Russia) : 1905–
Borcovicium see Housesteads 1945 Japanese Nishi-shakutan
Borda do Campo see São Bernardo do Campo Bösing see Pezinok
Bordeaux (city, southeastern France) : Roman Boskovice (town, eastern Czech Republic) : to
Burdigala 1918, 1939–1945 German Boskowitz
Borden (village, Prince Edward Island, eastern Boskowitz see Boskovice
Canada) : to 1916 Carleton Point Bosna i Hercegovina see Bosnia-Herzegovina
Bordentown (town, New Jersey, northeastern Bosna-Saray see Sarajevo
United States) : originally Farnsworth’s Landing Bosnia-Herzegovina (republic, southeastern Eu-
Borders see Scottish Borders rope) : [Serbo-Croat Bosna i Hercegovina]
Bordj el Kiffan (town, northern Algeria) : to Bosphorus see Bosporus
c.1962 French Fort-de-l’Eau Bosporus (strait, northwestern Turkey) : alter-
Bordj Omar Driss (town, east central Algeria) : nate Bosphorus (The spelling of the alternate
to c.1962 French Fort-Flatters name is irregular, as the origin is in Greek
Borgå see Porvoo -poros, “passage,” not -phoros, “bearing.” This
Borgh see Borve Bosporus, connecting the Black Sea with the
Borgo San Donnino see Fidenza Sea of Marmara, was known in full as Bosporus
Borgonovo see Su§ak Thracius, “Thracian Bosporus,” as distinct
Borgotaro see Borgo Val di Taro from the Bosporus Cimmerius, “Cimmerian
Borgo Val di Taro (town, north central Italy) : to Bosporus,” now Kerch Strait, between the
c.1930 Borgotaro Black Sea and the Sea of Azov.)
Borgworm see Waremme Bosquet see Hadjadj
Borinquén see Puerto Rico Bossier City (city, Louisiana, southern United
Borislav see Boryslav States) : originally Cane’s Landing
Borisoglebsk see Daugavpils Boston see Manhattan
Borisoglebskiye Slobody see Borisoglebsky Botevgrad (city, western Bulgaria) : to 1934
Borisoglebsky (town, western Russia) : to 1962 Orkhaniye; to 1878 Turkish Orhanie
Borisoglebskiye Slobody Botev Peak (central Bulgaria) : to 1950 Turkish
Borisovgrad see P≠rvomay Yumrukchal; earlier Ferdinandov Vrukh
Borjas Blancas (town, northeastern Spain) : Botswana (republic, southern Africa) : to 1966
Catalan Les Borges Blanques Bechuanaland
Borjom see Borjomi Bottle Hill see Madison
Borjomi (city, central Georgia) : to 1936 Borjom Boufatis (village, northwestern Algeria) : to
Borovsk (town, west central Russia) : to 1949 c.1962 French St.-Louis
Ust’-Borovaya (The town is now part of the Bougaa (village, northern Algeria) : to c.1962
city of Solikamsk.) French Lafayette
Borshchev see Borshchiv Bougie see Bejaia
Borshchiv (town, southwestern Ukraine) : (Rus- Boulder Dam see Hoover Dam
sian Borshchev); to 1939 Polish Borszczów Boulhaut see Ben Slimane
Borszczów see Borshchiv Boulogne (city, northern France) : Roman
Bor u Teské Lípy see Novï Bor Bononia; earlier Roman Gesoriacum (The city’s
Borve (village, Western Isles, northwestern Scot- full name is Boulogne-sur-Mer, as distinct from
land) : Gaelic Borgh (The Gaelic name is that Boulogne-Billancourt, a suburb of Paris.)
of villages in the Isle of Lewis and on Barra. A Bountiful (city, Utah, western United States) : to
third Borve in Harris has the Gaelic name Na 1855 Sessions’ Settlement
Buirgh. The name itself is of Scandinavian ori- Bourbon see Réunion
gin and means simply “fort.”) Bourbontown see 2Paris
Boryslav (city, western Ukraine) : (Russian Bourbon-Vendée see La Roche-sur-Yon
Borislav); to 1939 Polish Borysùaw Bourges (city, central France) : Roman Avaricum
Borysùaw see Boryslav Bourg-Léopold see Leopoldsburg
 33 Breage

Bourg-Madame (village, southern France) : to Braine-le-Comte (town, south central Belgium)

1815 La Guingette : Flemish ’s-Gravenbrakel
Bourgogne see Burgundy Braintree (town, Massachusetts, northeastern
Bourg Royal see Charlesbourg United States) : to 1640 Monoticut
Bourne (town, Massachusetts, northeastern Brancaster (village, eastern England) : Roman
United States) : to 1884 Monument Branodunum
Bous (town, southwestern Germany) : 1936– Brandeis an der Elbe see Brandï s nad Labem
1945 Buss Brandy Creek see Beaconsfield
Bovec (village, northwestern Slovenia) : 1919– Brandï s nad Labem (town, north central Czech
1947 Italian Plezzo; to 1918 German Flitsch Republic) : to 1918, 1939–1945 German Bran-
Bovium see Cowbridge deis an der Elbe (In 1960 Brandï s nad Labem
Bowditch Island see Tokelau joined with neighboring Stará Boleslav to form
Bowes (town, northeastern England) : Roman the twin town Brandïs nad Labem-Stará Bole-
Lavatris slav.)
Box Elder see Brigham City Braniewo (town, northeastern Poland) : to 1945
Boykovo (village, eastern Russia) : 1905–1945 German Braunsberg
Japanese Kataoka Branodunum see Brancaster
Boyle (town, north central Ireland) : Irish Main- Branogenium see Leintwardine
istir na Búille Braüsk (town, northeastern Poland) : 1807–1915,
Boyoma Falls (north central Democratic Re- 1939–1941 Russian Bryansk
public of the Congo) : to 1972 Stanley Brantovka see 5Oktyabr’sky
Falls Brashear City see Morgan City
Bozcaada (island, western Turkey) : ancient Brasil see Brazil
Greek Tenedos Braslav see Braslaw
Boz Dağ (mountain, western Turkey) : ancient Braslaw (town, northern Belarus) : (Russian
Greek Tmolus Braslav); 1919–1939 Polish Brasùaw
Bozeman (city, northwestern United States) : Brasùaw see Braslaw
originally Missouri Bra£ov (city, central Romania) : 1950–1960 Stalin
Bozen see Bolzano or Ora£ul Stalin; 1867–1918 Hungarian Brassó,
Bozhedarivka see Shchors’k to 1867 German Kronstadt (The German name
Bozhedarovka see Shchors’k should not lead to confusion with the Russian
Bozhidar see (1) Kaolinovo; (2) Rozino town of Kronshtadt. In the former alternate
Bo±í Dar (village, northwestern Czech Republic) name, Romanian Ora£ul means “city,” giving
: to 1918, 1939–1945 German Gottesgab an equivalent to Russian Stalingrad, now Vol-
Bracara Augusta see Braga gograd.)
Bradford (town, Pennsylvania, northeastern Brassó see Bra£ov
United States) : to 1873 Littleton Brasstown Bald (mountain, Georgia, southeast-
Braga (city, northwestern Portugal) : Roman ern United States) : formerly Mt. Enotah
Bracara Augusta Bratan (mountain, central Bulgaria) : 1950–1969
Bragança (town, northeastern Portugal) : tradi- Morozov; to 1950 Golyam Bratan
tional English Braganza; Roman Brigantia Bratislava (city, southwestern Slovakia) : to 1918
(The English spelling is associated with the Hungarian Pozsony; to 1867 German Pressburg
royal house that ruled Portugal from 1640 to Brattleboro (town, Vermont, northeastern
1910 and also Brazil, as a Portuguese colony, United States) : to 1753 Fort Dummer
from 1822 to 1889.) Brätz see Brojce
Bragança see Bragança Paulista Braunau see Broumov
Bragança Paulista (city, southeastern Brazil) : to Braunsberg see Braniewo
1944 Bragança Braunschweig (city, northern Germany) : con-
Braganza see Bragança ventional English Brunswick (The English
Bragg’s Spur see West Memphis name primarily applied to the former duchy.)
BrQila (city, southeastern Romania) : to 1829 Bravoniacum see Kirkby Thore
Turkish jbrail Bray (town, eastern Ireland) : Irish Bré
Braine-l’Alleud (town, central Belgium) : Flem- Brazil (republic, east central South America) :
ish Eigenbrakel [Portuguese Brasil ]
Braine-le-Château (town, central Belgium) : Bré see Bray
Flemish Kasteelbrakel Breage see Vermilion
Brecknock 34

Brecknock see Brecon Brezno (town, central Slovakia) : to 1918 Hun-

B†eclav (city, southern Czech Republic) : to 1918, garian Breznobánya; to 1867 German Bries
1938–1945 German Lundenburg Breznobánya see Brezno
Brecon (town, southeastern Wales) : alternate Briançon (town, southeastern France) : Roman
dated Brecknock; Welsh Aberhonddu (The al- Brigantium
ternate name was more commonly current for Bricksburg see 1Lakewood
the former county and subsequent unitary au- Brickton see Park Ridge
thority, abolished in 1996, and remains in use Bridgend (town, southern Wales) : Welsh Pen-y-
for the town’s Brecknock Museum.) Bont ar Ogwr
Brecon Beacons (mountains, southeastern Bridgeport (city, Connecticut, northeastern
Wales) : Welsh Bannau Brycheiniog (The United States) : to 1800 Stratfield; originally
mountains take their name from the former Newfield
county of Breconshire, of which Brecon was Bridgeton (city, New Jersey, northeastern United
the county town.) States) : formerly Bridgetown; originally Co-
Bregenz (town, western Austria) : Roman Brig- hansey Bridge
1
antium Bridgetown (town, southwestern Barbados) :
Breisach (town, southwestern Germany) : formerly St. Michael’s Town; originally Indian
Roman Mons Brisiacus; earlier Roman Brisia- Bridge
2
cum Bridgetown (village, Nova Scotia, eastern
Breitenstein see 2Ul’yanovo Canada) : to 1824 Hicks Ferry
Breizh see Brittany Bridgetown see (1) Bridgeton; (2) Mount
Brejo da Madre de Deus (city, northeastern Holly
Brazil) : 1939–1948 Madre de Deus Bridgewater (town, Massachusetts, northeastern
Brelsford see Coffs Harbour United States) : originally Titicut
Bremenhaven see Bremerhaven Bridlington see 2Burlington
Bremenium see 2Rochester Brieg see Brzeg
Bremerhaven (city, northern Germany) : English Bries see Brezno
formerly often Bremenhaven; 1939–1947 We- Briesen see WRbrzeØno
sermünde (Founded in 1827, the city was ab- Brigantia see Bragança
sorbed in 1939 by Wesermünde, itself formed Brigantinus Lacus see Constance, Lake
in 1924 from the merger of two other towns. Brigantium see (1) Bregenz; (2) Briançon; (3)
In 1947 the combined municipality reverted to La Coruña
the original name, meaning “port for Bre- Brigetio see Szâny
men.”) Brigham City (town, Utah, west central United
Bremersdorp see Manzini States) : to 1856 Box Elder
Bremetenacum Veteranorum see Ribchester Brighthelmstone see Brighton
Brenner see Brennero Brighton (city, southern England) : formerly
Brennero (village, northern Italy) : to 1919 Ger- Brighthelmstone
man Brenner Brindisi (city, southeastern Italy) : Roman Brun-
Brescia (city, northern Italy) : Roman Brixia disium
Breslau see Wrocùaw Brisbane (city, Queensland, eastern Australia) :
Bressanone (town, northern Italy) : to 1919 Ger- to 1834 Edenglassie
man Brixen Brisiacum see Breisach
Brest (city, southwestern Belarus) : 1921–1939 Bristol (city, Connecticut, northeastern United
Polish Brze¢W nad Bugiem; to 1921 Russian States) : formerly New Cambridge
Brest-Litovsk (The Russian name is familiar Bristol see 2Dover
from the treaty of 1918 between Germany and Bristol Channel (southeastern Wales/southwest-
Russia and from its use in World War II, when ern England) : alternate Severn Sea; Welsh Môr
Brest was in German hands.) Hafren (The Welsh name has the same mean-
Brest-Litovsk see Brest ing as the alternate English name.)
Bretagne see Brittany Britain see (1) Great Britain; (2) United King-
Brewster, Cape (eastern Greenland) : [Green- dom
landic Kangikajik] Britannia see Great Britain
Brezhnev see Naberezhnyye Chelny British Central Africa Protectorate see Malawi
Bre±ice (town, southern Slovenia) : to 1918, British Columbia (province, western Canada) :
1941–1945 German Rann 1849–1858 New Caledonia
 35 Brussels

British East Africa see Kenya Brooks Islands see Midway Islands
British Guiana see Guyana Brossard (city, Quebec, southeastern Canada) :
British Honduras see Belize to 1958 Brosseau Station (The city is now a
British North America see Canada suburb of Montreal.)
Briton Ferry (town, southern Wales) : Welsh Brosseau Station see Brossard
Llansawel Brotas see Brotas de Macaúbas
Brittany (region, northwestern France) : [French Brotas de Macaúbas (town, eastern Brazil) : to
Bretagne; Breton Breizh]; Roman Armorica 1944 Brotas
(The eastern part of the Roman region became Brotherstown see Rockwood
1
Normandy, but the Celtic name gave Breton Brough (village, east central England, near
Armor for its coastal regions, as against Argoat, Newark-on-Trent) : Roman Crococalana
2
the hinterland. The name is present today in Brough (village, central England, near Hather-
the department of Côtes-d’Armor.) sage) : Roman Navio
3
Briva Curretia see Brive-la-Gaillarde Brough (village, eastern England, near Hull) :
Briva Isarae see Pontoise Roman Petuaria
4
Brive see Brive-la-Gaillarde Brough (village, northwestern England, near
Brive-la-Gaillarde (town, south central France) : Kirkby Stephen) : Roman Verteris (The name
formerly Brive; Roman Briva Curretia Brough, pronounced “Bruff,” derives from Old
Brixen see Bressanone English burh, “fortified place,” referring to the
Brixia see Brescia Roman fort in each of these four places.)
Brno (city, southeastern Czech Republic) : to Brougham (hamlet, northwestern England) :
1918, 1939–1945 German Brünn Roman Brocavum
Bro see Kristinehamn Broughton (village, northeastern Wales) : Welsh
Broads, The (region of lakes, eastern England) : Brychdyn
alternate Norfolk Broads Broughton see Effingham
Brocavum see Brougham Broughton Island see Qikiqtarjuaq
Brochów (town, southwestern Poland) : to 1945 Broumov (town, northern Czech Republic) : to
German Brockau 1918, 1938–1945 German Braunau
Brock see Sunderland Brownsville see Ogden
Brockau see Brochów Brownville see Phenix City
Brockton (city, Massachusetts, northeastern Bruges (city, northwestern Belgium) : Flemish
United States) : to 1874 North Bridgewater Brugge (English generally uses the French form
Brockville (town, Ontario, southeastern of the name, although the city is in the Flem-
Canada) : formerly Elizabethtown ish-speaking half of the country.)
Brod (town, central Macedonia) : to c.1945 Ju±ni Bruges-sur-Mer see Zeebrugge
Brod Brugge see Bruges
Brod see (1) Bosanski Brod; (2) Slavonski Brundisium see Brindisi
Brod Bruneck see Brunico
Brodnica (town, north central Poland) : 1772– Brunei Town see Bandar Seri Begawan
1807, 1815–1919, 1939–1945 German Strasburg Brunico (town, northern Italy) : to 1918 German
in Westpreussen Bruneck
Brojce (town, northwestern Poland) : to 1945 Brünn see Brno
German Brätz Brunson Harbor see Benton Harbor
Broken Hill (city, New South Wales, southeast- Brunswick (town, Maine, northeastern United
ern Australia) : Aboriginal Willyama States) : to 1717 Pejepscot
Broken Hill see Kabwe Brunswick see Braunschweig
Bromberg see Bydgoszcz Bruntál (town, eastern Czech Republic) : to
Bromont (village, Quebec, eastern Canada) : to 1918, 1938–1945 German Freudenthal
1966 West Shefford Brusa see Bursa
Bronkhorstspruit (town, northeastern South Bruselas see Puntarenas
Africa) : to 1935 Erasmus Brussel see Brussels
Bronson see Kalamazoo Brussels (city, central Belgium) : [Flemish
Brookfield (town, Illinois, north central United Brussel; French Bruxelles] (The city, officially
States) : to 1905 Grossdale bilingual, is geographically in the Flemish-
Brookline (town, Massachusetts, northeastern speaking half of Belgium although the major-
United States) : to 1705 Muddy River ity of the population speak French.)
Bruttium 36

Bruttium see Calabria Builth Wells (town, south central Wales) : Welsh
Brüx see Most Llanfair-ym-Muallt (English Builth is an angli-
Bruxelles see Brussels cized form of Welsh Buallt, here in its mutated
Bryansk see Braüsk form Muallt.)
Bryantsivs’kyy Rudnyk see Soledar Buitenzorg see Bogor
Bryantsovsky Rudnik see Soledar Bujumbura (city, western Burundi) : to 1962
Brychdyn see Broughton Usumbura
Brynbuga see Usk Bukavu (town, eastern Democratic Republic of
Bryson (village, Quebec, southeastern Canada) : the Congo) : 1927–1952 Costermansville
to 1873 Havelock; earlier Hargreaves Bukitinggi (city, western Indonesia) : formerly
Brzeg (town, southwestern Poland) : to 1945 Fort de Kock
German Brieg; Roman Civitas Altae Ripae Bulatselivka see 1Shevchenkove
Brze¢W nad Bugiem see Brest Bulatselovka see 1Shevchenkove
Brze∞any see Berezhany Bulembu (town, northwestern Swaziland) : to
Brzeziny (town, central Poland) : 1940–1945 1976 Havelock
German Löwenstadt B≠lgarevo (town, eastern Bulgaria) : to 1934
Buayan see General Santos Turkish Urumyenikoy
Bublitz see Bobolice Bulgaria (republic, southeastern Europe) : [Bul-
Buccari see Bakar garian B≠lgariya]
Buccino (village, southern Italy) : Roman Volcei B≠lgariya see Bulgaria
Buchanan (town, western Liberia) : formerly Bulung’ur (town, eastern Uzbekistan) : formerly
Grand Bassa Russian Krasnogvardeysk; to 1930s Rostovtsevo
Bucharest (city, southern Romania) : [Romanian Bunclody (town, southeastern Ireland) : Irish
Bucure£ti] Bun Clóidí; to 1950 English Newtownbarry
Buckhorn see 1Hastings Bun Clóidí see Bunclody
Buckley (town, northeastern Wales) : Welsh Buncrana (town, northwestern Ireland) : Irish
Bwcle Bun Cranncha
Bucklin see Dearborn Bun Cranncha see Buncrana
Buck’s Bridge see 2Hanover Bun Dobhrain see Bundoran
Buck’s Crossing see 2Hanover Bundoran (town, northwestern Ireland) : Irish
Bucure£ti see Bucharest Bun Dobhrain
Budapest (city, north central Hungary) : Roman Bunge Rudnik see Yunokomunarivs’k
Aquincum (The Roman name originally ap- Bunge Rudnyk see Yunokomunarivs’k
plied to Buda, on the right bank of the Bunzlau see Boleùawiec
Danube, which in 1872 joined with Pest, on Burbank see Moorhead
the left bank, to form the present city.) Burdigala see Bordeaux
Bud’onnivka see Novoazovs’k Bureya-Pristan’ see Novobureysky
Budua see Budva Bur Gavo (village, southeastern Somalia) : to
Budva (town, southern Montenegro) : to 1918 c.1926 Port Durnford
Italian Budua Burgh Castle (village, eastern England) : Roman
Budweis see Teské Budfijovice Gariannum (The Roman name was long cited
Budwitz see Moravské Budfijovice in the form Gariannonum.)
Budyonnovka see Novoazovs’k Burgundy (region, central France) : [French
Budyonnovsk (city, southwestern Russia) : Bourgogne]
1957–1973 Prikumsk; 1935–1957 Budyonnovsk; Burkina Faso (republic, western Africa) : to 1984
1920–1935 Prikumsk; to 1920 Svyatoy Krest Upper Volta
Budyonnoye see 1Krasnogvardeyskoye 1
Burlington (city, North Carolina, eastern
Budyonny see Chat-Bazar United States) : to 1887 Company Shops
2
Buena Vista see De Kalb Burlington (town, New Jersey, northeastern
Buenos Aires (province, eastern Argentina) : United States) : formerly Bridlington; origi-
1946–1955 Eva Perón (The province does not nally New Beverly
include the national capital, Buenos Aires, Burlington Bay see 2Hamilton
which was not renamed.) Burma see Myanmar
Buffalo (city, New York, northeastern United Burnie (town, Tasmania, southeastern Australia)
States) : to 1816 New Amsterdam (The city’s : originally Emu Bay Settlement
present name was in popular use from the first.) Burnoye see Bauyrzhan Momyshuly
 37 Caerhun

Burrium see Usk Byzantium see Istanbul

Burry Port (town, southern Wales) : Welsh Porth Caa-Catí see General Paz
Tywyn Caála (town, west central Angola) : 1930–c.1975
Bursa (city, northwestern Turkey) : formerly Portuguese Vila Robert Williams
Brusa; Roman Prusia ad Olympum Cabaret (town, central Haiti) : formerly Duva-
Burundi (republic, east central Africa) : to 1966 lierville
Urundi Cabellio see Cavaillon
Burwick see Woodbridge Cabillonum see Chalon-sur-Saône
Busch see Elk City Cabo Fisterra see Finisterre, Cape
B¨shehr (city, southwestern Iran) : alternate Cabo Verde see Cape Verde
Bandar-e B¨shehr; conventional Bushir (The Cabo Yubi see Tarfaya
original city here may have been named Anti- Cabra (town, southern Spain) : Roman Igabrum
och, as was Antakya.) Cabrália see Cabrália Paulista
Bushir see B¨shehr Cabrália Paulista (town, southeastern Brazil) :
Buss see Bous 1944–1948 Pirajaí; to 1944 Cabrália
Butare (town, southern Rwanda) : to 1962 Cacaguatique see Ciudad Barrios
Astrida Caçapava see Caçapava do Sul
Butler (town, Wisconsin, northern United Caçapava do Sul (city, southern Brazil) : to 1944
States) : to 1930 New Butler Caçapava
Bütow see Bytów Cáceres (city, western Brazil) : to 1939 São Luiz
Butterworth (town, southeastern South Africa) : de Cáceres
1976–1994 Gcuwa Cacheira do Sul (city, southern Brazil) : to 1944
Buttevant (town, southwestern Ireland) : Irish Cachoeira
Cill na Mallach Cachoeira see (1) Cachoeira do Sul; (2) Ca-
Butuntum see Bitonto choeira Paulista; (3) Solonópole
Butysh see Kama Cachoeira Paulista (city, southeastern Brazil) :
Buxentum see Policastro Bussentino 1944–1948 Valparaíba; to 1944 Cachoeira
Buxton (town, central England) : Roman Aquae Cachoeiras see Cachoeiras de Macacu
Arnemetiae Cachoeiras de Macacu (city, southeastern
Buynaksk (town, southwestern Russia) : to 1922 Brazil) : to 1943 Cachoeiras
Temir-Khan-Shura Cacongo (town, northwestern Angola) : to
Bwcle see Buckley c.1975 Portuguese Guilherme Capelo
Byala Slatina (town, northern Bulgaria) : to Tadca (town, northwestern Slovakia) : to 1918
c.1945 Bela Slatina Hungarian Csaca
Byam Martin Island see Ahunui Cadillac (town, Michigan, northern United
Byaroza (town, southwestern Belarus) : (Russian States) : to 1877 Clam Lake
Beryoza); 1919–1939 Polish Bereza Kartuska Cadiz see Cádiz
Byblos see Jubayl Cádiz (city, southwestern Spain) : English con-
Byczyna (town, southern Poland) : to 1945 Ger- ventional Cadiz; Roman Gades; Phoenician
man Pitschen Gadir
Bydgoszcz (city, north central Poland) : 1772– Cadoxton (village, southern Wales) : Welsh Tre-
1807, 1815–1919, 1939–1945 German Bromberg gatwg (The village is now a district of Barry.)
Byorksky see Krasnoostrovsky Cadoxton-juxta-Neath (village, southern Wales)
Byron Island see Nikunau : Welsh Llangatwg Nedd (The additions to the
Bystrovka see Kemin respective names distinguish the village from
Bystrzyca (river, southwestern Poland) : to 1945 Cadoxton by locating it near Neath.)
German Weistritz Cadurcum see Cahors
Bystrzyca Kùodzka (town, southwestern Poland) Cadwell’s Corners see Deerfield
: to 1945 German Habelschwerdt Caene see Qena
BytVa (town, northwestern Slovakia) : to 1918 Caerdydd see Cardiff
Hungarian Nag ybittse Caere see Cerveteri
Bytom (city, southwestern Poland) : to 1945 Caerffili see Caerphilly
German Beuthen Caerfyrddin see Carmarthen
Bytów (town, northern Poland) : to 1945 Ger- Caergybi see Holyhead
man Bütow Caerhun (village, northern Wales) : Roman
Bytown see 1Ottawa Canovium (The Roman fort based its name on
Caerleon 38

that of the Conwy River here, which itself gave Caia (town, central Mozambique) : 1954–1981
the name of the nearby town of Conwy.) Portuguese Vila Fontes
Caerleon (town, southeastern Wales) : Welsh Caiapônia (town, central Brazil) : to 1944 Span-
Caerllion-ar-Wysg, Roman Isca (The Roman ish Rio Bonito
name is that of the river here, itself giving the Caieta see Gaeta
modern name of Usk. The -leon and -llion of Cairlinn see Carlingford
the respective names derive from the fuller Cairo (city, northern Egypt) : [Arabic Al QIhi-
Roman name Isca Legionum, the latter word rah; alternate Arabic Mi•r] (The alternate Ara-
meaning “of the legions.” An alternate Roman bic name is also that of Egypt.)
fuller form was Isca Silurum.) Caiseal see Cashel
Caerllion-ar-Wysg see Caerleon Caisleán an Bharraigh see Castlebar
Caernarfon (town, northwestern Wales) : tradi- Caistor St. Edmund (village, eastern England) :
tional English Carnarvon; Roman Segontium Roman Venta Icenorum
(The traditional form of the name is preserved Caiuás see Rio Brilhante
in an aristocratic title and in placenames in the Takovec (town, northern Croatia) : to 1918,
former British colonies, as Australia and South 1941–1944 Hungarian Csáktornya
Africa.) Calabria (region, southern Italy) : Roman Brut-
Caerphilly (town, southeastern Wales) : Welsh tium
Caerffili Calae see Chelles
Caerwent (village, southeastern Wales) : Roman Calagurris see Calahorra
Venta Silurum Calah see Nimrud
Caesaraugusta see Saragossa Calahorra (town, northern Spain) : Roman
Caesarea (ancient city, western Israel) : Hebrew Calagurris
Horbat Qesari; Roman Caesarea Maritima; al- Calanais see Callanish
ternate Roman Caesarea Palaestina; originally Calandula (town, northern Angola) : to c.1975
Greek Strato’s Tower (The Hebrew name Portuguese Duque de Bragança
means “ruins of Caesarea,” referring to the bib- Calauria see Póros
lical city built by Herod the Great. Nearby is Calcaria see Tadcaster
the modern settlement of Kessaria, named for Calcutta see Kolkata
it. The additions to the Roman names distin- Caldas (town, southeastern Brazil) : 1940–1948
guished the city from Caesarea Philippi, now Parreiras
Banias.) Caldey (island, southwestern Wales) : Welsh Ynys
Caesarea see (1) Cherchell; (2) Jersey; (3) Qis- Bŷr
arya Caledonia see Scotland
Caesarea Cappadociae see Kayseri Caledonia Australis see Gippsland
Caesarea Maritima see Caesarea Cales see Calvi
Caesarea Mazaca see Kayseri Calgary (city, Alberta, southwestern Canada) :
Caesarea Palaestinae see Caesarea originally Fort Brisebois
Caesarea Philippi see Banias Calhoun (town, Georgia, southeastern United
Caesarobriga see Talavera de la Reina States) : to 1850 Oothcaloga
Caesarodunum see Tours Calicut see Kozhikode
Caesaromagus see (1) Beauvais; (2) Chelms- Calidonia see Scotland
ford Cälilabad (town, southeastern Azerbaijan) :
Caesena see Cesena (Russian Dzhalilabad); to 1967 Russian
Cagliari (city, southern Sardinia, Italy) : Roman Astrakhan’-Bazar
Caralis Callanish (village, Western Isles, northwestern
Caher (town, south central Ireland) : Irish An Scotland) : Gaelic Calanais
Chathair Calleva Atrebatum see Silchester
Cahersiveen (town, southwestern Ireland) : Irish Callipolis see Gallipoli
Cathair Saidhbhín Talovo see Vel’kï Meder
Cahors (city, south central France) : Roman Calumet (village, Michigan, north central
Cadurcum; earlier Roman Divona United States) : to 1929 Red Jacket
Cahul (city, southern Moldova) : (Russian Calumet City (city, Illinois, north central United
Kagul ); 1919–1940 Romanian Cahul; 1878– States ) : to 1924 West Hammond (The city is a
1918 Russian Kagul; 1856–1878 Romanian suburb of Chicago.)
Cahul; 1812–1856 Russian Kagul Calvary (hill, central Israel) : ancient Greek Gol-
 39 Canada East

gotha (The Bible has both English and Greek the French trust territory of Cameroun gained
names, respectively of Latin and Aramaic ori- its independence.)
gin, for the site of Jesus’ crucifixion.) Cameroons, the see Cameroon
Calvi (village, southwestern Italy) : Roman Cales Cameroun see Cameroon
Camacupa (town, central Angola) : to 1891 Por- Cammin-in-Pommern see Kamieü Pomorski
tuguese Vila General Machado Campagna di Roma (region, west central Italy) :
Camagüey (city, eastern Cuba) : to 1903 Puerto Roman Campania (The Roman region was
Príncipe, earlier Santa María del Puerto del closely tied to Rome, whereas the modern re-
Príncipe (The city was founded at the site of gion of Campania lies further south and is
the present coastal town of Nuevitas but was centered on Naples.)
later moved inland to its present location.) Campania see (1) Campagna di Roma;
Camanongue (town, north central Angola) : to (2) Champagne
c.1975 Portuguese Vila Bugaço Camp-Bataille see Souk el Arba de l’Oued
Camaquã (city, southern Brazil) : to 1939 Por- Beth
tuguese São João de Camaquã Campbell (town, Ohio, north central United
Camaracum see Cambrai States) : to 1926 East Youngstown
Camaratuba see São Joaquim do Monte Campbellpur see (1) Attock; (2) Hasan Abdal
Camarazal see Mulungu Campbellton (town, New Brunswick, eastern
Cambaluc see Beijing Canada) : to 1833 Martin’s Point
Cambé (city, southern Brazil) : to 1944 Nova Campbelltown (city, New South Wales, south-
Dantzig eastern Australia) : to 1820 Airds
Camberiacum see Chambéry Camp Eagle Pass see Eagle Pass
Cambirela see Santo Amaro da Imperatriz Campestre see São José do Campestre
Cambodia (republic, southeastern Asia) : 1976– Camp Greeley see Bismarck
1989 Kampuchea; 1970–1976 Khmer Republic Camp Hancock see Bismarck
Cambodunum see (1) Kempten; (2) Leeds Campina Grande (city, northeastern Brazil) : to
Camboglanna see Castlesteads 1864 Porta do Sertão
Cambrai (city, northern France) : Roman Cama- Campinas (city, southeastern Brazil) : formerly
racum Nossa Senhora da Conceição de Campinas de
Cambria see Wales Matto Grosso
1
Cambridge (city, eastern England) : Medieval Campine see Kempenland
Latin Cantabrigia; Roman Duroliponte Campo Belo see Itatiaia
2
Cambridge (city, Massachusetts, northeastern Campo Florido (town, southeastern Brazil) : to
United States) : to 1638 New Towne 1944 Portuguese Campo Formoso
Cambridge Bay (village, Nunavut, northern Campoformido (village, northeastern Italy) :
Canada) : alternate Inuit Ikaluktutiak formerly Campo Formio (The former name re-
Cambridge Farms see Lexington mains in historical use for the 1797 treaty be-
Cambundi-Catembo (town, north central An- tween France and Austria ending the first
gola) : to c.1975 Portuguese Nova Gaia phase of the Napoleonic Wars.)
1
Camden (town, New South Wales, southeastern Campo Formio see Campoformido
Australia) : formerly Camden Park; to 1805 Campo Formoso see (1) Campo Florido;
Cowpastures (2) Orizona
2
Camden (town, Arkansas, south central United Campo Largo see Araçoiaba da Serra
States) : to 1844 Écore à Fabre Campo Quijano (town, northwestern Argen-
3
Camden (town, South Carolina, southeastern tina) : to 1930s Kilómetro 1172
United States) : to 1768 Pine Tree Hill Campos see Tobias Barreto
Camden Park see 1Camden Camptown see Irvington
Camerino (town, central Italy) : Roman Camer- Camulodunum see Colchester
inum Canaan see Palestine
Camerinum see Camerino Canada (country, North America) : to 1763 New
Cameron Bay see Echo Bay France (The former name, representing French
Cameroon (republic, western Africa) : formerly Nouvelle-France, is sometimes applied to the
English the Cameroons (The former name re- territory now occupied by Canada. Properly, it
ferred to the German protectorate of Kamerun. denotes only the lands held or claimed by the
After World War I it was divided into British French crown.)
and French administrative zones and in 1960 Canada East see Quebec
Canada West 40

Canada West see Ontario Cape Island see Cape May

Çanakkale (city, northwestern Turkey) : for- Capela (town, northeastern Brazil) : 1944–1948
merly Kale i-Sultanye Portuguese Conceição do Paraíba
Canaveral, Cape (Florida, southeastern United Capelle-au-Bois see Kapelle-op-den-Bos
States) : 1963–1973 Cape Kennedy Capellen-lez-Anvers see Kapellen
Cancello (village, southern Italy) : Roman Sues- Cape May (town, New Jersey, northeastern
sula United States) : to 1869 Cape Island
Canchungo (town, western Guinea-Bissau) : Cape of Good Hope see Good Hope, Cape of
formerly Portuguese Teixeira Pinto Cape Palmas see Harper
Candia see (1) Crete; (2) Iráklion Cape Province (former province, southern
Canea (city, northern Crete, Greece) : to 1912 South Africa) : to 1910 Cape Colony (The prov-
Turkish Hanya; ancient Greek Cydonia ince ceased to exist in 1994 when it was di-
Canelones (city, southern Uruguay) : formerly vided into the three provinces Eastern Cape,
Guadalupe Northern Cape, and Western Cape. See also
Cane’s Landing see Bossier City Good Hope, Cape of.)
Cangamba (town, south central Angola) : to Cape Town (city, southwestern South Africa) :
c.1975 Portuguese Vila de Aljustrel Afrikaans Kapstad
Cangó see General Artigas Cape Verde (island republic, North Atlantic) :
Caniçado see Guijá [Portuguese Cabo Verde]
Çankqrq (city, north central Turkey) : Roman Cape York Peninsula (Queensland, northeastern
Germanicopolis; earlier Roman Gangra Australia) : to 1770 Carpentaria Land
Canonium see Kelvedon Capivari see Silva Jardim
Canosa di Puglia (town, southeastern Italy) : Capiz see Roxas
Roman Canusium Capodistria see Koper
Canóvanas see Loíza Caporetto see Kobarid
Canovium see Caerhun Cappoquin (town, southern Ireland) : Irish Cea-
Cantabria (province, northern Spain) : formerly pach Choinn
Santander Capreae see Capri
Cantabrigia see 1Cambridge Caprese Michelangelo (village, central Italy) :
Canterbury (city, southeastern England) : Eccle- formerly Caprese (The village added the name
siastical Latin Cantuaria; Roman Durovernum of the famous Renaissance artist Michelangelo,
Canterbury see 1Christchurch who was born here in 1475.)
Cantium see 1Kent Capri (island, western Italy) : Roman Capreae
1
Canton (city, southeastern China) : Chinese Capsa see Gafsa
Guangzhou (The English name represents Chi- Capua (town, southern Italy) : Roman Casilinum
nese Kwangtung, the name of the province of (The town took its present name from the
which Guangzhou is the capital.) nearby Roman city of Capua, now the village
2
Canton (town, Massachusetts, northeastern of Santa Maria di Capua Vetere, whose in-
United States) : to 1797 Punkapoag habitants settled here in A.D. 656 after fleeing
3
Canton (town, South Dakota, north central the Saracens.).
United States) : to 1867 Commerce City Capua see Santa Maria di Capua Vetere
Cantuaria see Canterbury Caraguatay see Cordillera
Canusium see Canosa di Puglia Caralis see Cagliari
Cap-de-la-Madeleine (city, Quebec, southeast- Caransebe£ (town, western Romania) : to 1918
ern Canada) : originally Cap-des-Trois-Rivières Hungarian Karánsebes
Cap-de-Lévy see Lauzon Caraza see Santiváñez
Cap-des-Trois-Rivières see Cap-de-la- Carbonia see 2Ottawa
Madeleine Carcaso see Carcassonne
Cape : for names of capes see the next word, as Carcassonne (city, southern France) : Roman
Colville, Cape Carcaso
Cape Breton Island (Nova Scotia, eastern Can- Carcross (village, Yukon Territory, northwestern
ada) : formerly French Île Royale (The island Canada) : to 1905 Caribou Crossing
takes its present name from its eastern cape.) Cardiff (city, southeastern Wales) : Welsh
Cape Colony see Cape Province Caerdydd
Cape Dorset (village, Nunavut, northeastern Cardigan (town, western Wales) : Welsh Aberteifi
Canada) : alternate Inuit Kingnait (The town’s English name is a corrupt form of
 41 Caspian Sea

that of Ceredigion, the county in which it Carpentaria Land see Cape York Peninsula
lies.) Carpentoracte see Carpentras
Carei (town, northwestern Romania) : to 1918, Carpentras (town, southeastern France) : Roman
1940–1944 Hungarian Nag ykároly; to 1867 Carpentoracte
German Grosskarol Carradoc see Mount Brydges
Caribou (town, Maine, northeastern United Carraig Fhearghasa see Carrickfergus
States) : to 1877 Lyndon Village Carraig Mhachaire Rois see Carrickmacross
Caribou Crossing see Carcross Carraig na Siúire see Carrick-on-Suir
Caribrod see 3Dimitrovgrad Carrhae see Haran
Carignan (village, northeastern France) : to 1662 Carrickfergus (town, eastern Northern Ireland) :
Ivoy Irish Carraig Fhearghasa
Carinthia (region, southern Austria) : [German Carrickmacross (town, northeastern Ireland) :
Kärnten] Irish Carraig Machaire Rois
Caririaçu (city, northeastern Brazil) : to 1944 Carrick-on-Shannon (town, northwestern Ire-
Portuguese São Pedro do Cariry land) : Irish Cora Droma Rúisc
Carlabhagh see Carloway Carrick-on-Suir (town, southern Ireland) : Irish
Carleton (village, Quebec, eastern Canada) : Carraig na Siúire
originally Tracadigetche Carriden (village, southern Scotland) : Roman
Carleton Point see Borden Velunia
Carlingford (town, northeastern Ireland) : Irish Carrollton (town, Georgia, southeastern United
Cairlinn States) : to 1829 Troupsville
Carlisle (city, northwestern England) : Roman Carseoli see Carsoli
Luguvalium Carsoli (town, central Italy) : Roman Carseoli
Carlopago see Karlobag Carson City (city, Nevada, western United
Carlos Reyles (town, central Uruguay) : to States) : originally Eagle Station
c.1945 Molles Carstensz, Mt. see Jaya, Mt.
Carlovitz see Sremski Karlovci Cartagena (city, southeastern Spain) : Roman
Carlow (town, eastern Ireland) : Irish Ceathar- Carthago Nova
lach Carthage (historic city, northern Tunisia) :
Carloway (village, Western Isles, northwestern Roman Carthago
Scotland) : Gaelic Carlabhagh Carthago see Carthage
Carlsbad (city, New Mexico, southwestern Carthago Nova see Cartagena
United States) : to 1899 Eddy Casablanca (city, western Morocco) : alternate
Carlsbad see Karlovy Vary Arabic Dar el Beida; formerly French Maison
Carmarthen (town, southwestern Wales) : Welsh Blanche; earlier Portuguese Casa Branca (A
Caerfyrddin; Roman Moridunum; alternate fuller form of the Arabic name is ad-DIr al-
Roman Maridunum (The alternate Roman BayöI’. The French colonial name was also
name, though meaning “fort by the sea,” does that of Dar el Beida.)
not derive from Latin mare, “sea,” but from a Casa Branca see Casablanca
related Celtic source that gave Welsh môr. The Cas-blaidd see Wolf ’s Castle
second part of the Welsh name, in its basic Cascavel see Aguaí
form -myrddin, gave the name of the Arthur- Casco see Portland
ian wizard Merlin, whose name today appears Cas-gwent see Chepstow
in that of Merlin’s Bridge.) Cashel (town, south central Ireland) : Irish
Carmo see (1) Carmona; (2) Carmópolis Caiseal
Carmona (town, southern Spain) : Roman Casilinum see Capua
Carmo Casim see General Toshevo
Carmópolis (town, northeastern Brazil) : to 1944 Casinum see Cassino
Carmo Táslav (city, central Czech Republic) : to 1918,
Carnarvon (town, southwestern South Africa) : 1939–1945 German Tschaslau
to 1874 Harmsfontein Casllwchwr see Loughor
Carnarvon see Caernarfon Cas-mael see Puncheston
Carnium see Kranj Casnewydd-ar-Wysg see 1Newport
Carnotum see Chartres Caspian Sea (eastern Europe/western Asia) :
Carolina (town, northeastern Puerto Rico) : Roman Caspium Mare; alternate Roman Hyr-
originally Trujillo Bajo canum Mare (The alternate name of the great
Caspium Mare 42

salt lake, bordered in Europe by Russia and in Castrum Barrum see Bar-le-Duc
Asia by Azerbaijan, Iran, Turkmenistan, and Castrum Deutonis see Duisburg
Kazakhstan, derives from Hyrcania, the Roman Castrum Helenae see Elne
name of the former province of northern Iran Castrum Hennae see Enna
now known as GorgIn.) Castrum Novum see Santa Marinella
Caspium Mare see Caspian Sea Castua see Kastav
Cassaigne see Sidi Ali Cas-wis see Wiston
Cassian Way see Via Catabola (town, central Angola) : to c.1979 Por-
Cassino (town, central Italy) : to 1871 San Ger- tuguese Nova Sintra
mano; Roman Casinum Catalonia (region, northeastern Spain) : [Spanish
Cassiterides see Scilly, Isles of Cataluña; Catalan Catalunya]
Casteggio (village, northern Italy) : Roman Clas- Cataluña see Catalonia
tidium Catalunya see Catalonia
Castel Giubileo (village, western Italy) : Roman Catamarca (city, northwestern Argentina) : orig-
Fidenae inally Londres
Castellammare (village, southern Italy) : Roman Catana see Catania
Velia; ancient Greek Elea Catandica (town, western Mozambique) : 1915–
Castellammare di Stabia (town, southern Italy) 1976 Portuguese Vila Gouveia
: Roman Stabiae Catanduva (city, southeastern Brazil) : originally
Castell-nedd see Neath Vila Adolfo
Castell-newydd see 2Newcastle Catania (city, southern Italy) : Roman Catana
Castellnewydd Emlyn see Newcastle Emlyn Cataractonium see Catterick Bridge
Castell-paen see Painscastle Catfish’s Camp see 2Washington
Castellum Tingitanum see Ech Chélif Cathair na Mart see Westport
Castelnuovo see Herceg-Novi Cathair Saidhbhín see Cahersiveen
Castelo see (1) Castelo do Piauí; (2) Manuel Cathay see China
Urbano Catonsville (town, Maryland, northeastern
Castelo do Piauí (town, northeastern Brazil) : United States) : to c.1800 Johnnycake (The
1944–1948 Portuguese Marvão; to 1944 Portu- town is now a suburb of Baltimore.)
guese Castelo Cattaro see Kotor
Castelrosso see Kastellorizon Catterick Bridge (village, northern England) :
Castile (region, central Spain) : [Spanish Roman Cataractonium (The village took its
Castilla] present name from the Roman name, which is
Castilla see Castile traditionally derived from Latin cataracta,
Castlebar (town, western Ireland) : Irish Caisleán “waterfall,” referring to the nearby rapids
an Bharraigh (cataract) on the Swale River. But as in many
Castlebay (town, Western Isles, northwestern cases the Roman name is of Celtic origin, and
Scotland) : Gaelic Bagh a Chaisteil almost certainly means “battle ramparts.”)
Castleblayney (town, northern Ireland) : Irish Caucaia (city, northeastern Brazil) : to 1944 Soure
Baile na Lorgan Caucasus (mountains, southeastern
Castleford (town, northern England) : Roman Europe/southwestern Asia) : [Russian Kavkaz]
Lagentium Caunus see Dalyan
Castle Mountain (Alberta, western Canada) : Causennis see Ancaster
1946–1979 Mt. Eisenhower Cavaillon (town, southeastern France) : Roman
Castlerea (town, north central Ireland) : Irish Cabellio
Caisleán Riabhach Cavan (town, northern Ireland) : Irish An
Castlereagh see Penrith Cabhán
Castlesteads (village, northwestern England) : Cavazuccherina see Iesolo
Roman Camboglanna Caviúna see Rolândia
Castra Albiensium see Castres Cawnpore see Kanpur
Castra Batava see Passau Caxias (city, northeastern Brazil) : formerly São
Castra Exploratorum see Netherby José das Aldeias Altas
Castra Regina see Regensburg Caxias see Duque de Caxias
Castres (city, southern France) : Roman Castra Cayenne (city, northeastern French Guiana) : to
Albiensium 1777 La Ravardière
Castrogiovanni see Enna Cayo see San Ignacio
 43 Châlons-en-Champagne

Ceanannus Mór see Kells Cesena (town, northern Italy) : Roman Caesena
Ceann a Bhaigh see Bayhead C`sis (town, northern Latvia) : to 1918 German
Ceapach Choinn see Cappoquin Wenden
Ceará see Fortaleza Teská Kamenice (town, northern Czech Repub-
Ceatharlach see Carlow lic) : to 1918, 1939–1945 German Böhmisch-
Techy see Bohemia Kamnitz
Cedar Hall see Val-Brillant Teská Lípa (city, northwestern Czech Republic)
Cedar Rapids (city, Iowa, north central United : to 1918, 1938–1945 German Böhmisch-Leipa
States) : to 1849 Rapids City Teská Republika see Czech Republic
Cedynia (town, northwestern Poland) : to 1945 Teská Skalice (town, northeastern Czech Re-
German Zehden public) : to 1918, 1939–1945 German Böh-
Cefalù (town, southern Italy) : Roman Cepha- misch-Skalitz
laedium Teská T†ebová (town, north central Czech Re-
Cegidfa see Guilsfield public) : to 1918, 1938–1945 German Böh-
Cei Connah see Connah’s Quay misch-Trübau
Ceinewydd see New Quay Teské Budfijovice (city, southwestern Czech
Celaenae see Dinar Republic) : to 1918, 1939–1945 German Bud-
Celbridge (town, eastern Ireland) : Irish Cill weis
Droichid Teské Velenice (town, southern Czech Republic)
Celebes see Sulawesi : 1938–1945 German Gmünd (The German
Celje (city, northeastern Slovenia) : to 1918, name applied both to the present Czech town
1941–1945 German Cilli and, as now, to the Austrian town south of it
Cenchrea see Kechries across the Lainsitz River. The railroad station
Cenchreae see Kechries at the Czech town was already named Gmünd
Cendl see Beaufort as early as 1919.)
Centerville see Centralia Teskoslovensko see Czechoslovakia
Central African Empire see Central African Teskï Brod (town, west central Czech Republic)
Republic : to 1918, 1939–1945 German Böhmisch-Brod
Central African Republic (republic, central Teskï Krumlov (town, southwestern Czech Re-
Africa) : 1976–1979 Central African Empire; to public) : 1938–1945 German Krumau an der
1958 Ubangi-Shari Moldau; to 1918 German Böhmisch-Krumau
Central Arctic see Kitikmeot Teskï Les see Bohemian Forest
Centralia (town, Washington, northwestern Teskï Tfi§ín (town, eastern Czech Republic) :
United States) : to 1891 Centerville 1939–1945 German Teschen; 1938–1939 Polish
Central Provinces and Berar see Madhya Cieszyn Zachodni; to 1918 German Teschen (See
Pradesh comments for Cieszyn below.)
Centreville see Vernon Cetatea AlbQ see Bilhorod-Dnistrovs’kyy
Centum Cellae see Civitavecchia Cette see Sète
Centurion (town, northeastern South Africa) : to Ceyhan (river, southern Turkey) : Roman Pyra-
1995 Verwoerdburg mus
Centuripae see Centuripe Ceylanpqnar (village, southeastern Turkey) : to
Centuripe (town, southern Italy) : Roman Cen- c.1945 Resülayn
turipae Ceylon see Sri Lanka
Cephalaedium see Cefalù Ceynowa see KuØnica
Cerasus see Giresun Chachapoyas (town, northern Peru) : originally
Ceredigion (county, western Wales) : to 1974 San Juan de la Frontera de los Chachapoyas
Cardiganshire (In the year stated the former Chaco (province, northeastern Argentina) :
county became a unitary authority but in 1996 1950–1955 Presidente Juán Perón
regained county status. The town of Cardigan Chad see 8Oktyabr’sky
has a corrupt form of the name, originally that Chadwick’s Bay see 2Dunkirk
of an early kingdom.) Chagoda (town, western Russia) : to 1932 Bely
CernQu´i see Chernivtsi Bychek
Cerro (Spanish, “mountain”) : for names begin- Chajaya see General Ramón Gonzáles
ning thus, see the next word, as Bolívar, Cerro Chalakazaki see Kyzyl-Asker
Cerveteri (town, western Italy) : Roman Caere; Chalcedon see Kadqköy
ancient Greek Ag ylla Châlons-en-Champagne (town, northeastern
Châlons-sur-Marne 44

France) : to 1995 Châlons-sur-Marne; Roman 1

Charleston (city, South Carolina, southeastern
Durocatalaunum United States) : 1722–1783 Charles City; origi-
Châlons-sur-Marne see Châlons-en-Cham- nally Charles Towne
pagne 2
Charleston (city, West Virginia, east central
Chalon-sur-Saône (city, east central France) : United States) : to 1819 Charles Town
Roman Cabillonum Charlestown (town, western Ireland) : Irish Baile
Chambarak (town, northeastern Armenia) : for- Chathail
merly Russian Krasnosel’sk Charlestown see Lorain
Chambéry (city, southeastern France) : Medieval Charles Town see (1) 2Charleston; (2) Wells-
Latin Camberiacum burg
Champagne (region, northeastern France) : Charles Towne see 1Charleston
Roman Campania (The Roman name has re- Charlesville see Djokupunda
mained unaltered for the modern region of Charleville see Ráth Luirc
Campania, southern Italy.) Charlotte-Amalie (town, western U.S. Virgin Is-
Champion see Painesville lands) : 1921–1936 St. Thomas
Chanda see Chandrapur Charlottenburg (town, eastern Germany) : orig-
Chandrapur (city, western India) : formerly inally Lietzenburg (The town became a district
Chanda of Berlin in 1920.)
Chang see Yangtze Charlottetown (city, Prince Edward Island, east-
Chang’an (town, central China) : to 1942 ern Canada) : to 1763 Port la Joie
Wangkü Chartres (city, north central France) : Roman
Changchun (city, northeastern China) : 1932– Carnotum; earlier Roman Autricum
1945 Xinjing Chat-Bazar (village, northwestern Kyrgyzstan) :
Changning (town, southwestern China) : to 1937–1991 Russian Budyonny
1935 Yutian Châteaudun-du-Rhumel see Chelghoum el
Changshun (town, southern China) : to 1942 Aïd
Changzhai Châteauroux (town, central France) : 1789–1792
Changzhai see Changshun Indreville
Changzhou (city, eastern China) : 1912–1949 Château-Salins (village, northeastern France) :
Wutsin 1940–1944 German Salzburgen
Channel Islands see Santa Barbara Islands Chatham see 2East Hampton
Chanzy see Sidi Ali Ben Youb Chatham Island see 2San Cristóbal
Chao Phraya (river, northern Thailand) : tradi- Châtillon-Coligny (village, north central
tional English Maenam (The English name is a France) : formerly Châtillon-sur-Loing
short form of the full name Mae Nam Chao Châtillon-sur-Loing see Châtillon-Coligny
Phraya, in which Thai Mae Nam is “river.”) Chattahoochee (town, Florida, southeastern
Chapayev (town, northwestern Kazakhstan) : United States) : to 1941 River Junction
1939–1971 Chapayevo; to 1939 Lbishchensk Chattanooga (city, Tennessee, east central
Chapayevo see Chapayev United States) : to 1838 Ross’s Landing
Chapayevsk (city, western Russia) : 1919–1929 Chauncey see West Lafayette
Trotsk; to 1919 Ivashchenkovo Chaves (city, northern Portugal) : Roman Aquae
Chapin see Edinburg Flaviae
Chaplygin (town, western Russia) : to 1958 Ra- Cheb (city, western Czech Republic) : to 1918,
nenburg; formerly Slobodskoye 1938–1945 German Eger
Charazani see Villa General Pérez Chebanka see 2Chornomors’ke
Chardzhou see Türkmenabat Cheboygan (town, Michigan, northern United
Chardzhuy see Türkmenabat States) : formerly Inverness; originally Duncan
Charente-Inférieure see Charente-Maritime Chedabucto see Guysborough
Charente-Maritime (department, western Chegutu (town, northeastern Zimbabwe) : to
France) : to 1941 Charente-Inférieure 1984 Hartley
Ch’arents’avan (city, west central Armenia) : to Chehalis see Grays Harbor
1967 Lusavan Cheju (island, southern South Korea) : formerly
Charlesbourg (city, Quebec, eastern Canada) : Quelpart
originally Bourg Royal Chekalin (town, western Russia) : to 1944 Likhvin
Charles City see 1Charleston 1
Chekhov (town, eastern Russia) : 1905–1945
Charles Island see Santa María Japanese Noda
 45 Chesterton
2
Chekhov (city, western Russia) : to 1954 Lopas- United States) : to 1961 Delaware (The town is
nya now a suburb of Philadelphia.)
Chelghoum el Aïd (town, northeastern Algeria) Chersky (town, eastern Russia) : to c.1960 Nizh-
: to c.1962 French Châteaudun-du-Rhumel niye Kresty
Chelles (town, northern France) : Roman Calae Chersonesus see Crimea
Cheùm (city, eastern Poland) : to 1915 Russian Chersonesus Aurea see Malay Peninsula.
Kholm Cherven’ see Chyerven’
1
Cheùmno (town, north central Poland) : 1939– Chervone (town, northern Ukraine) : (Russian
1945 German Kulm; 1772–1807, 1815–1919 Chervonoye); to 1957 Yesman
2
German Culm Chervone (town, west central Ukraine) : (Rus-
Chelmsford (city, southeastern England) : sian Chervonoye); to c.1935 Russian Krasnoye
Roman Caesaromagus Chervonoarmeysk see (1) Chervonoarmiys’k;
Chelmsford Dam see Ntshingwayo Dam (2) Radyvyliv
Cheùmsko ¡lRskie (town, southwestern Poland) : Chervonoarmeyskoye see Vily’nyans’k
to 1945 German Schömberg Chervonoarmiys’k (town, northern Ukraine) :
Cheùm∞a (town, north central Poland) : 1939– (Russian Chervonoarmeysk); to 1935 Pulyny
1945 German Kulmsee; 1772–1807, 1815–1919 (Russian Pulin)
German Culmsee Chervonoarmiys’k see Radyvyliv
Chelny see Naberezhnyye Chelny Chervonoarmiys’ke see Vil’nyans’k
Chembar see Belinsky Chervonograd see Chervonohrad
Chemmis see Akhmnm Chervonogrigorovka see Chervonohryhorivka
Chemnitz (city, eastern Germany) : 1953–1990 Chervonogvardeyskoye see Chervono-
Karl-Marx-Stadt gvardiys’ke
Chenango Point see Binghamton Chervonogvardiys’ke (town, eastern Ukraine) :
Chengde (city, northeastern China) : conven- (Russian Chervonogvardeyskoye); to 1965
tional Jehol Krynychans’kyy (Russian Krinichansky) (In this
Chenge see Asparukhovo name and those below the Russian equivalent
Chennai (city, southeastern India) : to 1996 does not translate Ukrainian Chervono- but
Madras transliterates it. The proper Russian equivalent
Chepstow (town, southeastern Wales) : Welsh would be as Krasnogvardeyskoye.)
Cas-gwent Chervonohrad (city, western Ukraine) : (Russian
Cherchell (town, northern Algeria) : Roman Chervonograd); to 1939, 1944–1953 Polish
Caesarea Krystynopol (Ukrainian Krystynopil’; Russian
Cherente see Miracema do Norte Kristinopol’)
Cherkas’ke see Zymohir’ya Chervonohryhorivka (town, southeastern
Cherkasskoye see Zymohir’ya Ukraine) : (Russian Chervonogrigorovka); to
Cherkessk (city, southwestern Russia) : 1937– 1939 Russian Krasnogrigor’yevka
1939 Yezhovo-Cherkessk; 1930–1937 Sulimov; Chervonoye see 1,2Chervone
1880–1930 Batalpashinsk; to 1880 Batalpashin- Chervonozavods’ke (town, east central Ukraine)
skaya : (Russian Chervonozavodskoye); to c.1961
Chernenko see (1) Sharypovo; (2) ßoldQne£ti Stalinka
Chernivtsi (city, southwestern Ukraine) : (Rus- Chervonozavodskoye see Chervonozavods’ke
sian Chernovtsy); 1919–1940 Romanian Cer- Chervonyy Prapor see Rubizhne
nQu´i; to 1918 German Czernowitz Cheshnegir see Sadovo
Chernomorskoye see 1,2Chornomors’ke Chesnokovka see Novoaltaysk
1
Chernorech’ye (town, southwestern Russia) : to Chester (city, northwestern England) : Roman
1940 Novyye Aldy (The town is now incorpo- Deva (The Roman name is that of the Dee
rated into the city of Grozny) River, on which Chester stands.)
2
Chernovtsy see Chernivtsi Chester (city, Pennsylvania, northeastern United
Chernyakhovsk (city, western Russia) : to 1946 States) : to 1681 Upland
German Insterburg Chesterfield Inlet (village, Nunavut, north cen-
Chernyayevo see Yangiyer tral Canada) : alternate Inuit Igluligaarjuk
Chernyshevskoye (town, western Russia) : to Chester-le-Street (town, northeastern England) :
1938 German Eydtkuhnen Roman Concangis
Cherry Creek see Boissevain Chesterton (village, east central England) :
Cherry Hill (town, New Jersey, northeastern Roman Durobrivae (This Chesterton, near Pe-
Chetumal 46

terborough, should not be confused with the Chipata (town, southeastern Zambia) : to 1964
one that is now a district of Cambridge.) Fort Jameson
Chetumal (city, eastern Mexico) : originally Payo Chipinga see Chipinge
Obispo Chipinge (town, eastern Zimbabwe) : to 1980
Ch’ew Bahir (lake, southwestern Ethiopia) : for- Chipinga
merly Lake Stefanie Chipuriro see Guruve
Chiange (town, southwestern Angola) : to c.1975 Chirchiq (town, eastern Uzbekistan) : 1932–
Portuguese Vila de Almoster 1934 Russian Komsomol’sky; to 1932 Russian
Chiari (town, northern Italy) : Roman Clarium Kirgiz-Kulak
Chibia (town, southwestern Angola) : 1935–1980 Chirk (town, northern Wales) : Welsh Y Waun
Portuguese João de Almeida Chisasibi (village, Quebec, eastern Canada) :
Chibizovka see Zherdevka formerly Fort George
Chibyu see Ukhta Chishima-retto see Kuril Islands
Chicacole see Srikakulam Chi£inQu (city, central Moldova) : (Russian
Chicago Heights (city, Illinois, north central Kishinyov); 1919–1940 Romanian Chi£inQu;
United States) : 1849–1901 Bloom; originally 1812–1918 Russian Kishinyov
Thorn Grove (The city is a southern suburb of Chistyakovo see Torez
Chicago.) Chitato (town, northeastern Angola) : to c.1975
Chichester (city, southern England) : Roman Portuguese Portugália
Noviomagus (The Roman name also had the Chitipa (town, northern Malawi) : to 1966 Fort
fuller form Noviomagus Regnorum.) Hill
Chicualacuala (town, western Mozambique) : to Chittaranjan (town, northeastern India) : to
1981 Malvérnia 1966 Mihidjan
Chieti (city, central Italy) : Roman Teate Chiusi (town, central Italy) : Roman Clusium
Chiflik see Lovnidol Chivhu (town, central Zimbabwe) : to 1980
Chihli see Hopeh Enkeldoorn
Chihli, Gulf of see Bo Hai Chizhev see Czy∞ew
Childsburgh see Hillsborough Chkalov (island, eastern Russia) : to 1936 Udd
Chilia-NouQb see Kiliya Chkalov see Orenburg
Chililabombwe (town, northern Zambia) : to Chkalove (village, southeastern Ukraine) : (Rus-
1964 Bancroft sian Chkalovo); to 1939 Novomykolayivka (Rus-
Chililaya see Puerto Pérez sian Novonikolayevka)
Chilly see Chilly-Mazarin Chkalovo (town, northern Kazakhstan) : to 1939
Chilly-Mazarin (town, northern France) : to Bogodukhovka
1812 Chilly Chkalovo see Chkalove
Chilumba (town, northern Malawi) : to 1966 Chkalovsk (town, western Russia) : 1927–1937
Deep Bay Vasilyovo; to 1927 Vasilyova Sloboda
1
Chimanimani (town, eastern Zimbabwe) : Chkalovskoye (village, western Russia) : to 1939
1980–1982 Mandidzuzure; to 1980 Melsetter Shikhirdany
2
Chimkent see Shymkent Chkalovskoye (village, southeastern Russia) : to
Chimoio (city, south central Mozambique) : 1939 Zenkovka
1916–1975 Vila Pery Chlumec (town, northwestern Czech Republic) :
China (republic, eastern and central Asia) : [Chi- to 1918, 1938–1945 German Kulm
nese Zhonghua]; formerly English Cathay (The Chobienia (town, southwestern Poland) : to
English name, related to Kitay, the Russian 1945 German Köben an der Oder
name of China, is preserved in commercial use Chocianów (town, southwestern Poland) : to
for the Cathay Pacific airline, based in Hong 1945 German Kotzenau
Kong.) Chociwel (town, northwestern Poland) : to 1945
Chinese Turkestan see Xinjiang Uygur German Freienwalde
Chinhoyi (town, north central Zimbabwe) : to Chodau see Chodov
1980 Sinoya Chodov (town, western Czech Republic) : to
Chinnai see 2Krasnogorsk 1918, 1938–1945 German Chodau
Chinnereth, Sea of see Galilee, Sea of Chodzie∞ (town, western Poland) : 1793–1807,
Chinomiji see Tyatino 1815–1918, 1939–1945 German Kolmar
Chioggia (town, northern Italy) : Roman Fossa Chojna (town, northwestern Poland) : to 1945
Clodia German Königsberg
 47 Cieszyn

Chojnice (town, north central Poland) : to 1918, Chubarivka see Polohy

1939–1945 German Konitz Chubarovka see Polohy
Chojnów (town, southwestern Poland) : to 1945 Chuchelná (village, eastern Czech Republic) : to
German Hoynau 1919, 1938–1945 German Kutelna
Chókwé (town, southern Mozambique) : 1971– Chudskoye see Peipus, Lake
1980 Portuguese Trigo de Morais; 1963–1971 Chungking see Chongqing
Portuguese Vila Trigo de Moraes; 1960–1964 Chuquisaca see Sucre
Portuguese Vila Alferes Chamusca; to 1960 Guijá Chur (town, eastern Switzerland) : French Coire;
Choloma (town, northwestern Honduras) : to Italian Coira; Roman Curia Rhaetorum
early 1930s Spanish El Paraíso Churchill (river, Newfoundland and Labrador,
Chomolungma see Everest, Mt. eastern Canada) : to 1965 Hamilton (The river
Chomutov (city, northwestern Czech Republic) : should not be confused with the much longer
to 1918, 1938–1945 German Komotau river of the same name in Manitoba.)
Chong-Ak-Dzhol see Jangy-Jol Churchill Falls (Newfoundland and Labrador,
Chongqing (city, south central China) : tradi- eastern Canada) : to 1965 Grand Falls (The
tionally Chungking falls, in Labrador, should be distinguished
Chop (town, western Ukraine) : 1944–1945 from the falls for which the town of Grand
Czech Top; 1938–1944 Hungarian Csap; Falls, Newfoundland, is named.)
1919–1938 Czech Top; to 1918 Hungarian Csap Churchville see Sweetsburg
1
Chornomors’ke (town, southern Ukraine, near Churubay-Nura see 1Abay
Yevpatoriya) : (Russian Chernomorskoye); to Chusetown see Seymour
1944 Ak-Mechet’ Chusovoy (town, western Russia) : to 1933
2
Chornomors’ke (town, southern Ukraine, near Chusovskoy Zavod
Odessa) : (Russian Chernomorskoye); Chusovskoy Zavod see Chusovoy
1945–1988 Gvardiys’ke (Russian Gvardeyskoye); Chust see Khust
to 1945 Chebanka Chuuk (islands, central Micronesia) : formerly
Chortkiv (town, southwestern Ukraine) : (Rus- Truk
sian Chortkov); to 1939 Polish Czortków Chwitffordd see Whitford
Chortkov see Chortkiv Chyerven’ (town, central Belarus) : (Russian
Chorzów (city, southern Poland) : formerly Cherven’); to 1924 Russian Igumen
Królewska Huta; to 1921, 1939–1945 German Chyorny Rynok see Kochubey
Königshütte (The city passed from Germany to Chystyakove see Torez
Poland in 1921 and gained its current name in Chythri see Kythrea
1934 on the union of Królewska Huta with Chyzhew see Czy∞ew
three other villages.) Ciarraí see 1Kerry
Chosŏn see Korea Cidade de Minas see Belo Horizonte
Choszczno (town, northwestern Poland) : to Ciechanów (town, north central Poland) :
1945 German Arnswalde 1940–1945 German Zichenau
Chotfibo† (town, central Czech Republic) : to Ciechocinek (town, north central Poland) :
1918, 1938–1945 German Chotieborsch 1939–1945 German Hermannsbad
Chotieborsch see Chotfibo† Ciénaga (city, northern Colombia) : originally
Choybalsan (city, eastern Mongolia) : 1931–1946 Aldea Grande
Bayan Tumen; to 1931 San Beise Cienfuegos (city, central Cuba) : originally Fer-
Christburg see Dzierzgoü nandina de Jagua (The city was renamed fol-
1
Christchurch (city, southeastern New Zealand) lowing the destruction of the original settle-
: originally Canterbury ment in a storm in 1825.)
2
Christchurch (village, southeastern Wales) : Cieplice ¡lRskie Zdrój (town, southwestern
Eglwys y Drindod (The village is now a district Poland) : to 1945 German Bad Warmbrunn
of the city of Newport.) (The town is now part of the city of Jelenia
Christiania see Oslo Góra.)
Christiansville see Kingsport Tierne (town, northwestern Slovakia) :
Christieville see Iberville 1938–1939 Polish Czarne Beskidzkie
Christmas Island see Kiritimati Cieszyn (city, southern Poland) : to 1918,
Chrysopolis see Üsküdar 1939–1945 German Teschen (Cieszyn lies on
Chrzanów (town, southern Poland) : 1940–1945 the border with the Czech Republic, facing
German Krenau Teskï Tfi§ín across the Olza River, and origi-
Cieszyn Zachodni 48

nally formed a single entity with it. In 1920 Ciudad del Este (city, eastern Paraguay) : to
the city was divided into two towns, that on 1989 Puerto Presidente Stroessner; earlier Puerto
the Polish side being known to the Czechs as Flor de Lis
Polskï Tfi§ín. In 1938 the two were reunited Ciudad de San Cristóbal see San Cristóbal de
under Polish rule. The German name thus re- las Casas
lates to the whole city, which in 1945 was re- Ciudad Guayana (city, eastern Venezuela) : for-
turned to Poland. From 1938 to 1939 the rail- merly Santo Tomé de Guayana
road station in Teskï Tfi§ín bore the Polish Ciudad Guzmán (city, southwestern Mexico) :
name Cieszyn Zachodni, “Western Cieszyn.”) formerly Zapotlán el Grande
Cieszyn Zachodni see Teskï Tfi§ín Ciudad Hidalgo (city, west central Mexico) :
Cilgeti see Kilgetty formerly Villa Hidalgo
Cill Airne see Killarney Ciudad Ixtepec (city, southern Mexico) : for-
Cill Chainnigh see Kilkenny merly San Jerónimo Ixtepec
Cill Chaoi see Kilkee Ciudad Juárez (city, northern Mexico) : to 1888
Cill Chaoil see Kilkeel El Paso del Norte (The city, on the Rio Grande
Cill Dalua see Killaloe opposite El Paso, United States, originally in-
Cill Droichid see Celbridge cluded settlements on both sides of the river
Cilli see Celje but these were split by the 1848 Treaty of
Cill Mhantáin see Wicklow Guadalupe Hidalgo and the Mexican town
Cill Mocheallóg see Kilmallock was renamed 40 years later. For the treaty
Cill na Mallach see Buttevant town’s name, see Gustavo A. Madero.)
Cill Rois see Kilrush Ciudad Madero (city, northeastern Mexico) : to
Cîmpulung (town, south central Romania) : to 1930 Villa de Cecilia
1918 German Kimpolung Ciudad Mante (city, northeastern Mexico) : for-
Cincinnati (city, Ohio, east central United merly Villa Juárez
States) : to 1790 Losantiville Ciudad Mendoza (city, eastern Mexico) : for-
Cinco de Outubro see Xá-Muteba merly Santa Rosa
Cintra see Sintra Ciudad Porfirio Díaz see Piedras Negras
Cionn tSáile see Kinsale Ciudad Real de Chiapa see San Cristóbal de
Cirencester (town, west central England) : las Casas
Roman Corinium Ciudad Sandino (town, northwestern Nica-
Cirò (town, southern Italy) : ancient Greek ragua) : formerly El Jícaro
Crimissa Ciudad Tecúm Umán (town, southwestern
Cirta see Constantine Guatemala) : formerly Ayutla
Cistercium see Cîteaux Ciudad Trujillo see Santo Domingo
Cîteaux (village, eastern France) : Roman Cister- Ciudad Venustiano Carranza (town, western
cium Mexico) : formerly San Gabriel
Citlaltépetl (volcano, east central Mexico) : al- Cividale del Friuli (town, northeastern Italy) :
ternate Orizaba Roman Forum Julii
City of Kansas see 1Kansas City Civita Castellana (town, central Italy) : Roman
Ciudad Altamirano (town, southwestern Mex- Falerii Novi; earlier Roman Falerii Veteres
ico) : to 1936 Pungarabato Civitas Altae Ripae see Brzeg
Ciudad Arce (rown, west central El Salvador) : Civitas Ebroicorum see Évreux
to c.1948 El Chilamatal Civitas Nemetum see Speyer
Ciudad Barrios (town, eastern El Salvador) : to Civitas Nova see Alessandria
1913 Cacaguatique Civitas Tricassium see Troyes
Ciudad Bolívar (city, eastern Venezuela) : to Civitavecchia (town, western Italy) : Roman
1846 Angostura (The full form of the original Trajani Portus; earlier Roman Centum Cellae
name was San Tomás de la Nueva Guayana de Clairfontaine see El Aouinet
la Angostura.) Clam Lake see Cadillac
Ciudad Colón (town, central Costa Rica) : for- Clare (county, western Ireland) : Irish An Clár
merly Pacaca Clarium see Chiari
Ciudad Darío (town, west central Nicaragua) : Clark’s City see Livingston
formerly Metapa Clarksdale (town, Mississippi, southeastern
Ciudad de las Casas see San Cristóbal de las United States) : originally Clarksville
Casas Clarksville see (1) Beeton; (2) Clarksdale
 49 Colonia Leopoldina

Clastidium see Casteggio Cochabamba (city, central Bolivia) : to 1786

Clausentum see Bitterne Spanish Villa de Oropeza
Clawdd Offa see Offa’s Dyke Cochato see Randolph
Clazomenae see Klazumen Coco (river, northern Nicaragua) : formerly
Cleaveland see Cleveland Spanish Segovia
Clementsport (village, Nova Scotia, eastern Cocos Islands (eastern Indian Ocean) : formerly
Canada) : to 1851 Moose River Keeling Islands
Clermont (town, south central France) : Roman Coed-duon see Blackwood
Augustonemetum (In 1630 Clermont united Coelho Neto (city, northeastern Brazil) : to 1939
with neighboring Montferrand to form the Curralinho
city of Clermont-Ferrand.) Coffs Harbour (town, New South Wales, eastern
Cleveland (city, Ohio, northeastern United Australia) : to 1861 Brelsford
States) : to 1832 Cleaveland Cognac (town, southwestern France) : Roman
Cleves see Kleve Comniacum
Clifden (town, western Ireland) : Irish An Cohansey Bridge see Bridgeton
Clochán Coill an Chollaigh see Bailieborough
Clifton see Niagara Falls Coimbra (city, west central Portugal) : Roman
Clinton (town, Ontario, southeastern Canada) : Aeminium
to 1844 The Corners Coira see Chur
Clodian Way see Via Coire see Chur
Cloich na Coillte see Clonakilty Colbert see Aïn Oulmene
Clonakilty (town, southwestern Ireland) : Irish Colchester (city, southeastern England) : Roman
Cloich na Coillte Camulodunum
Clones (town, northern Ireland) : Irish Cluain Çölemerik see Hakkâri
Eois Coleraine (town, northern Northern Ireland) :
Clonmacnoise (village, central Ireland) : Irish Irish Cúil Raithin
Cluain Mhic Nóis Coligny (town, north central South Africa) : to
Clonmel (town, southern Ireland) : Irish Cluain c.1918 Treurfontein
Meala Colinas (city, northeastern Brazil) : to 1944 Picos
Cluain Cearbán see Louisburgh College Park (city, Georgia, southeastern United
Cluain Eois see Clones States) : to 1895 Manchester
Cluainín see Manorhamilton Collegeville see East Lansing
Cluain Meala see Clonmel Colleville-Montgomery (village, northwestern
Cluain Mhic Nóis see Clonmacnoise France) : to 1946 Colleville-sur-Orne
Cluj (town, northwestern Romania) : to 1918, Colleville-sur-Orne see Colleville-Mont-
1940–1945 Hungarian Kolozsvár; to 1867 Ger- gomery
man Klausenburg (Cluj united with neighbor- Colliston see Gowanbank
ing Napoca in the mid–1970s to form the city Cologne (city, western Germany) : [German
of Cluj-Napoca.) Köln]; Roman Colonia Agrippinensis. (The
Clunia see Feldkirch Roman city, with full title Colonia Claudia Ara
Clusium see Chiusi Agrippinensium, was founded by the emperor
Clutha (river, southern New Zealand) : Maori Claudius and named in honor of his wife, Julia
Matau; formerly Molyneux Agrippina.)
Clutha Ferry see Balclutha Colomb-Béchar see Béchar
Clyde see Wairoa Colón (city, north central Panama) : to 1890 As-
Clyde River (village, Nunavut, northeastern pinwall
Canada) : alternate Inuit Kangiqtugaapik Colonia (city, southwestern Uruguay) : originally
Coalbanks see Lethbridge Colônia do Sacramento (The city’s full Spanish
Coal Harbour see Wesleyville name is Colonia del Sacramento, translating the
Coatzacoalcos (city, east central Mexico) : for- original Portuguese.)
merly Spanish Puerto México Colonia Agrippinensis see Cologne
Cóbh (town, southwestern Ireland) : Irish An Colonia del Sacramento see Colonia
Cóbh; 1849–1922 English Queenstown Colônia do Sacramento see Colonia
Coblenz see Koblenz Colonia Julia Fanestris see Fano
Coca (town, eastern Ecuador) : formerly Spanish Colonia Leopoldina (town, northeastern Brazil)
Puerto Francisco de Orellana : to 1944 Leopoldina
Colonia Mineira 50

Colonia Mineira see Siqueira Campos 1

Concord (city, California, western United
Colonias see Pando States) : to 1869 Todos Santos
Colomb-Béchar see Béchar 2
Concord (town, Massachusetts, northeastern
Colorado City see Yuma United States) : originally Musketaquid
Colorado Springs (city, Colorado, west central 3
Concord (city, New Hampshire, northeastern
United States) : originally Fountain Colony United States) : to 1765 Penacook Plantation
1
Columbia (city, Missouri, central United States) Condate see (1) Northwich; (2) Rennes;
: to 1821 Smithton (3) St.-Claude
2
Columbia (town, Pennsylvania, northeastern Condé-Smendou see Zighoud Youcef
United States) : to 1790 Wright’s Ferry (The Condivincum see Nantes
name was changed when the town was under Conemaugh see Johnstown
consideration as a possible U.S. capital.) Confluentes see Koblenz
1
Columbus (city, Indiana, north central United Congo (river, west central Africa) : alternate
States) : originally Tiptona Zaire or Zaïre (The name Zaire is preferred
2
Columbus (city, Mississippi, southern United in Angola, and Zaïre in the Democratic Re-
States) : to 1821 Possum Town public of the Congo, whose former name it
Colville, Cape (northern New Zealand) : Maori gave.)
Moehau Congo, Democratic Republic of the (central
Colville Town see Nanaimo Africa) : 1971–1997 Zaïre; 1965–1971 Congo
Colwyn Bay (town, northern Wales) : Welsh Bae (Kinshasa); 1960–1965 Congo (Léopoldville);
Colwyn 1908–1960 Belgian Congo; 1885–1908 Congo
Comacchio (town, northern Italy) : Roman Free State
Comacium Congo, Republic of the (western Africa) : 1960–
Comacium see Comacchio 1970 Congo (Brazzaville); 1958–1960 Congo
Comandante Arbues see Mirandópolis Autonomous Republic; 1883–1958 Middle Congo
Comayagua (city, west central Honduras) : origi- (If the name Congo alone is used, it is this
nally Valladolid de Santa María de Comayagua country that is usually meant.)
Comber (town, eastern Northern Ireland) : Irish Congo Autonomous Republic see Congo, Re-
An Comar public of the
Comitán (city, southeastern Mexico) : formerly Congo (Brazzaville) see Congo, Republic of
Comitán de las Flores (The city’s present full the
name is Comitán de Domínguez.) Congo Free State see Congo, Democratic Re-
Comitán de Dominguez see Comitán public of the
Comitán de las Flores see Comitán Congo (Kinshasa) see Congo, Democratic Re-
Commencement City see Tacoma public of the
Commerce see Nauvoo Congo (Léopoldville) see Congo, Democratic
Commerce City see 3Canton Republic of the
Communism Peak see Ismoili Somoni, Peak Congonhas (city, southeastern Brazil) : to 1948
Comniacum see Cognac Congonhas do Campo
Como (city, northern Italy) : Roman Comum Congonhas do Campo see Congonhas
Company Shops see 1Burlington Connacht (region, western Ireland) : traditional
Compendium see Compiègne English Connaught (The traditional form of
Compiègne (town, northern France) : Roman the name became familiar as a ducal title and
Compendium hence from its use as a fashionable street or
Complutum see Alcalá de Henares commercial name, as London’s Connaught
Comum see Como Square and Connaught hotel.)
Comunanza (village, central Italy) : c.1937–1945 Connah’s Quay (town, northeastern Wales) :
Comunanza del Littorio Welsh Cei Connah
Comunanza del Littorio see Comunanza Connaught see Connacht
Conca see Cuenca Connecticut Farms see 1Union
Concangis see Chester-le-Street Conquista see Vitória da Conquista
Conceição de Macabu (town, southeastern Conselheiro Lafaiete (city, southeastern Brazil) :
Brazil) : to 1943 Macabu formerly Lueluz
Conceição do Almeida (town, eastern Brazil) : Consentia see Cosenza
to 1944 Portuguese Afonso Pena Constance see Konstanz
Conceição do Paraíba see Capela Constance, Lake (northeastern
 51 Corvallis

Switzerland/southwestern Germany) : [Ger- Cordeiro see Cordeirópolis

man Bodensee]; Roman Brigantinus Lacus Cordeirópolis (town, southeastern Brazil) : to
Constan´a (city, southeastern Romania) : to 1878 1944 Cordeiro
Turkish Küstenja; Roman Constantiana; an- Cordillera (department, central Paraguay) : to
cient Greek Tomi 1944 Caraguatay
Constantia see (1) Coutances, (2) Konstanz Córdoba (city, southern Spain) : traditional En-
Constantiana see Constan´a glish Cordova; Roman Corduba
Constantine (city, northeastern Algeria) : [Ara- Cordova see Córdoba
bic Qusantnnah]; Roman Cirta Corduba see Córdoba
Constantinople see Istanbul Coreaú (town, northeastern Brazil) : to 1944
Constant’s Warehouse see Suffolk Palma
Conway see Conwy Corfu (island, western Greece) : [modern Greek
Conwy (town, northern Wales) : formerly En- Kérkira]; Roman Corcyra (The island gained
glish Conway its present Italian name when a Venetian pos-
Cook, Mt. (southwestern New Zealand) : Maori session from 1386 to 1797.)
Aorangi Cori (town, south central Italy) : Roman Cora
Cookstown (town, central Northern Ireland) : Corinium see Cirencester
1
Irish An Chorr Chríochach Corinth (city, southeastern Greece) : [modern
Coolgardie (town, Western Australia, south- Greek Kórinthos]
2
western Australia) : formerly Fly Flat; earlier Corinth (town, Mississippi, southeastern
Bayley’s Reward; originally Gnaralbine United States) : to 1857 Cross City
Coolidge, Mt. (South Dakota, north central Coriosopitum see Corbridge
United States) : to 1927 Sheep Mountain Corito see Cortona
Coos Bay (town, Oregon, northwestern United Cork (city, southern Ireland) : Irish Corcaigh
States) : to 1944 Marshfield Corneille see Merouana
Top see Chop Corneto see Tarquinia
Copenhagen (city, eastern Denmark) : [Danish Cornouaille (region, northwestern France) :
København] [Breton Kernev-veur]
1
Copperbelt (province, northern Zambia) : to Cornwall (county, southwestern England) :
1969 Western (The province was renamed Cornish Kernow
2
when the earlier name was reassigned to Barot- Cornwall (city, Ontario, southeastern Canada) :
seland in western Zambia.) to 1797 New Johnston
Copper City see Valdez Coro (city, northwestern Venezuela) : originally
Coppermine see Kugluktuk Santa Ana de Coriana
Copperopolis see Anaconda Corona (city, California, southwestern United
Coptos see Qift States) : to 1896 South Riverside
Coquilhatville see (1) Équateur; (2) Mbandaka Coronium see La Coruña
Cora see Cori Corrientes (city, northeastern Argentina) : origi-
Cora Droma Rúisc see Carrick-on-Shannon nally San Juan de Vera de las Siete Corrientes
Coral Harbour (village, Nunavut, northern Corse see Corsica
Canada) : alternate Inuit Salliq Corsica (island, northwestern Mediterranean) :
Corbeil (town, northern France) : Roman Cor- [French Corse]
bilium (In 1951 Corbeil was united with neigh- Corstopitum see Corbridge
boring Essonnes to form the town of Corbeil- Cortazar (city, north central Mexico) : to 1857
Essonnes.) San José de los Amoles
Corbilium see Corbeil Cortona (city, central Italy) : Roman Corito
Corbinton see Hillsborough Cortracum see Kortrijk
Corbridge (town, northeastern England) : Corumbá see Corumbá de Goiás
Roman Corstopitum (Although traditionally Corumbá de Goiás (town, central Brazil) : to
applied to the town, the Roman name is al- 1944 Corumbá
most certainly corrupt, and was probably Corumbalina (town, central Brazil) : to 1933
closer to Coriosopitum. Moreover, it properly Portuguese Santa Cruz
applied to the nearby site now named Cor- Corunna see La Coruña
chester, not to the town itself.) Corupá (town, southern Brazil) : to 1944 Hansa
Corcaigh see Cork Corvallis (city, Oregon, northwestern United
Corcyra see Corfu States) : to 1853 Marysville
Corvallis 52

Corvallis see Norwalk land,” applied to a number of peninsulas in

Coryel’s Ferry see (1) Lambertville; (2) New Europe. This one was known to the Romans as
Hope Chersonesus Taurica, “Tauric Chersonese,” as
Cosa see Ansedonia distinct from the Chersonesus Thracia, “Thra-
Cosedia see Coutances cian Chersonese,” or Gallipoli Peninsula. The
Cosel see KoØle city of Kherson in the southwestern Crimea
Cosenza (city, southern Italy) : Roman Consentia has a name of the same origin. See also Malay
Costa de Monte Grande see San Isidro Peninsula.)
Costa Mesa (city, California, western United Crimissa see Cirò
States) : to 1921 Harper Cristina see Cristinápolis
Costermansville see Bukavu Cristinápolis (town, northeastern Brazil) : to
Côte d’Ivoire see Ivory Coast 1944 Cristina
Côte-Notre-Dame-de-Liesse see Côte-St.-Luc Crna Gora see 1Montenegro
Côte-St.-Luc (city, Quebec, southeastern Can- Croatia (republic, southeastern Europe) :
ada) : formerly Côte-Notre-Dame-de-Liesse [Serbo-Croat Hrvatska]
(The city is now a suburb of Montreal.) Crococalana see 1Brough
Côtes-d’Armor (department, northwestern Crocodilopolis see El Faiyum
France) : to 1990 Côtes-du-Nord Crook’s Rapids see 2Hastings
Côtes-du-Nord see Côtes-d’Armor Cross City see 2Corinth
Co´man see Kitsman’ Crossen see (1) Krosno; (2) Krosno Odrzaü-
Cotopaxi (province, north central Ecuador) : to skie
1939 Spanish León Crossing on the Missouri see Bismarck
Cotrone see Crotone Cross Plains see Dalton
Cottage City see Oak Bluffs Cross River (state, southeastern Nigeria) : to
Cottage Hill see Elmhurst 1976 South-Eastern
Courtrai see Kortrijk Crossroads see New Market
Coutances (town, northwestern France) : Roman Crotona see Crotone
Constantia; earlier Celtic Cosedia Crotone (town, southern Italy) : to 1928 Cotrone;
Covilhã (city, east central Portugal) : Roman Roman Crotona
Silia Hermia Crucywel see Crickhowell
Cowansville (town, Quebec, southeastern Cruzeiro see Joaçaba
Canada) : to 1876 Nelsonville Cruzeiro do Sul see Joaçaba
Cowbridge (town, southern Wales) : Welsh Y Csaca see Tadca
Bont-faen; Roman Bovium Csáktornya see Takovec
Cow Commons see Somerville Csap see Chop
Cowford see 1Jacksonville Cseklész see Bernolákovo
Cowpastures see 1Camden Csikszereda see Miercurea Ciuc
Coxim (city, western Brazil) : 1939–1948 Her- Csorba see ¶trba
culânia Cuamba (city, northwestern Mozambique) :
Cracow see Kraków 1942–1975, Portuguese Nova Freixo
Crane Creek see Melbourne Cuando (river, southeastern Angola/southwest-
Craneville see Cranford ern Zambia) : alternate Kwando (The river is
Cranford (town, New Jersey, northeastern known by the Portuguese name Cuando in An-
United States) : to 1871 Craneville gola and as Kwando in Zambia, for part of its
Crayford (town, southeastern England) : Roman course forming the border between the two
Noviomagus countries. Cp. Cuango.)
Crescent City see Greymouth Cuango (river, northern Angola/western Demo-
Creswell see Arkansas City cratic Republic of the Congo) : alternate
Crete (island, southern Greece) : [modern Greek Kwango (The river is known by the Portuguese
Kríti]; Roman Candia name Cuango in Angola and as Kwango in the
Crickhowell (village, southeastern Wales) : Democratic Republic of the Congo, for part of
Welsh Crucywel its course forming the border between the two
Crimea (peninsula, southern Ukraine) : [Ukrain- countries. Cp. Cuando.)
ian and Russian Krym]; formerly Taurida Cuatreros see General Daniel Cerri
(Russian Tavrida); ancient Greek Chersonesus Cuatro de Junio see La Toma
(The Greek name, meaning literally “dry is- Cubujuquí see Heredia
 53 Dairen

Cúcuta (city, northeastern Colombia) : to 1793 Czaplinek (town, northwestern Poland) : to 1945
San José de Guasimal (The city’s full name is German Tempelburg
San José de Cúcuta) Czarna Woda (town, northern Poland) : to 1918,
Cuenca (city, east central Spain) : Roman 1939–1945 German Schwarzwasser
Conca Czarne (town, northwestern Poland) : to 1945
Cuevas del Almanzora (town, southeastern German Hammerstein
Spain) : formerly Cuevas de Vera Czarne Beskidzkie see Tierne
Cuevas de Vera see Cuevas del Almanzora Czarnikau see Czarnków
Cuicul see Djemila Czarnków (town, western Poland) : 1939–1945
Cúil an tSúdaire see Portarlington German Scharnikau; 1793–1919 German
Cúil Raithin see Coleraine Czarnikau
Culebra see Dewey Czechoslavakia (former republic, central Eu-
Culebra Cut see Gaillard Cut rope) : [Czech Teskoslovensko] (In 1993 the
Culm see Cheùmno country was divided into the present Czech
Culmsee see Cheùm∞a Republic and Slovakia.)
Cuma see Blagoevgrad Czech Republic (republic, central Europe) :
Cumaná (city, northeastern Venezuela) : origi- [Czech Teská Republika] (The country was
nally Nueva Córdoba formed in 1993 from the western part of
Cumbe see Euclides da Cunha Czechoslovakia, the eastern part becoming
Cumberland (city, Maryland, northeastern Slovakia.)
United States) : to 1763 Will’s Creek Czernina (town, western Poland) : 1937–1945
Cunetio see Mildenhall German Lesten; to 1937 German Tschirnau
Cupcina (village, northern Moldova) : formerly Czernowitz see Chernivtsi
Russian Kalininsk Czdstochowa (city, southern Poland) : 1939–
=uprija (town, east central Serbia) : to 1830 1945 German Tschenstochau
Turkish Köprü Czùopa (town, northwestern Poland) : to 1945
Curador see Presidente Dutra German Schloppe
Curia Rhaetorum see Chur Czùuchów (town, northwestern Poland) : to 1945
Curicó (city, central Chile) : originally San José German Schlochau
de Buena Vista de Curicó Czortków see Chortkiv
Curralinho see Coelho Neto Czy∞ew (town, eastern Poland) : 1939–1941 Be-
Curt-Bunar see Tervel larussian Chyzhew; to 1915 Russian Chizhev
Curzola see KorVula (The town is now formally known as Czy∞ew-
Cushnoc see 2Augusta Osada.)
Cuyo see Puerto Princesa Daber see Dobra
Cwmbran (town, southeastern Wales) : Welsh DRbie (city district, northwestern Poland) : to
Cwmbrân 1945 German Altdamm (DRbie was incorpo-
Cwmbrân see Cwmbran rated into what is now Szczecin in 1939.)
Cwm Ogwr see Ogmore Vale DRbromierz (village, southwestern Poland) : to
Cybinka (town, western Poland) : to 1945 Ger- 1945 German Hohenfriedeberg
man Ziebingen DRbrowa Górnicza (city, southwestern Poland) :
Cyclades (islands, southeastern Greece) : [mod- 1939–1945 German Dombrowa; to 1915 Rus-
ern Greek Kikládhes] sian Dombrova
Cydonia see Canea DRbrowno (town, northeastern Poland) : to 1945
Cydweli see Kidwelly German Gilgenburg
Cymru see Wales Dacca see Dhaka
Cyprus (island republic, eastern Mediterranean) Dachnoye (village, eastern Russia) : 1905–1945
: [modern Greek Kypros; Turkish Kibris] (The Japanese Shimba
southern two-thirds of Cyprus are occupied by DaVice (town, southern Czech Republic) : to
Greece, the original and still internationally 1918, 1939–1945 German Datschitz
recognized government of the island. The Dagon see Yangôn
northern third is occupied by Turkey, who in Dahomey see Benin
1983 unilaterally proclaimed it the Turkish Re- Daingean (village, east central Ireland) : Irish An
public of Northern Cyprus.) Daingean; to 1920 Philipstown
Cyrene see Sha∏∏It Dairbhre see 3Valencia
Cyropolis see Khujand Dairen see Dalian
Dairyland 54

Dairyland see La Palma Romanian DunQrea; Russian Dunay]; Roman

Dajabón (province, northwestern Dominican Danubius (The Romans were in awe of the
Republic) : to 1961 Spanish Libertador Danube. In his Paneg yricus Pliny writes: Mag-
Dakhla (town, western Western Sahara) : alter- num est, imperator auguste, magnum est stare in
nate Ad Dakhla; to 1976 Spanish Villa Cisneros Danubii ripa, “It is a great thing, O noble em-
Dalarna (region, west central Sweden) : formerly peror, great, to stand on the banks of the
Dalecarlia Danube.”)
Dalby (town, Queensland, eastern Australia) : to Danubius see Danube
1854 Myall Creek Station Danum see Doncaster
Dalecarlia see Dalarna Danvers (town, Massachusetts, northeastern
Dalence see Teniente Bullaín United States) : to 1775 Salem Village
1
Dali (city, southern China) : to 1980s Xiaguan Danzig see Gdaüsk
(The city’s present name is that of its former Daoud see Aïn Beïda
prefecture.) Dapsang see K2
2
Dali (village, central Cyprus) : Roman Idalium; Dara Dere see Zlatograd
ancient Greek Idalion Darasun see Vershino-Darasunsky
Dalian (city, eastern China) : 1945–1955 Russian Dardanelles (strait, northwestern Turkey) : tra-
Dal’ny; 1905–1945 Japanese Dairen; 1898–1905 ditional English Hellespont (The classical
Russian Dal’ny (The city subsequently merged name, associated in legend with the Greek
with Lüshun, combining the first part of each lovers Hero and Leander, is historically famed
name to become Lüda.) from the crossing of the strait by the Persian
Dalipnagar see Bannu king Xerxes in 480 B.C. in his invasion of
Dalle see Yirga Alem Greece and that of Alexander the Great in 334
Dalmacija see Dalmatia B.C. in his expedition against Persia.)
Dalmatia (region, southern Croatia) : [Serbo- Dardania see Kosovo
Croat Dalmacija] Dar el Beida (town, northern Algeria) : to c.1962
Dal’negorsk (city, eastern Russia) : to 1972 French Maison Blanche (The French colonial
Tetyukhe name was also that of Casablanca.)
Dal’nerechensk (city, eastern Russia) : to 1973 Dar el Beida see Casablanca
Iman Darqdere see Zlatograd
Dal’ny see Dalian Darien (town, Georgia, southeastern United
Dalton (city, Georgia, southeastern United States) : originally New Inverness
States) : originally Cross Plains Darkau see Darkov
Dalyan (village, southwestern Turkey) : ancient Darkehmen see Ozyorsk
Greek Caunus Darkov (village, eastern Czech Republic) : 1939–
Damanhur (city, northern Egypt) : Roman Her- 1945 German Darkau; 1938–1939 Polish Dar-
mopolis Parva ków; to 1918 German Darkau
Damascus (city, southwestern Syria) : [Arabic Darków see Darkov
Dimashq; alternate Arabic Ash ShIm] (The Darùowo (town, northwestern Poland) : to 1945
city’s alternate Arabic name, meaning “the German Rügenwalde
north,” is identical to that of Syria.) Darwin (city, Northern Territory, northern Aus-
Damietta (city, northern Egypt) : [Arabic tralia) : to 1911 Palmerston
DumyI™] Dashev see Dashiv
Da Nang (city, central Vietnam) : French colo- Dashiv (village, central Ukraine) : (Russian Da-
nial Tourane shev); to c.1930 Staryy Dashiv (Russian Stary
Danastris see Dniester Dashev)
Danby see Glen Ellyn Dashkesan see Da£käsän
Dancalia Meridionale see Assab Dashtobod (town, eastern Uzbekistan) : for-
Dangriga (town, central Belize) : formerly Stann merly Russian Ul’yanovo; to 1974 Russian
Creek Obruchevo
Danish West Indies see Virgin Islands of the Da£käsän (town, western Azerbaijan) : (Russian
United States Dashkesan); to 1948 Russian Verkhny Dashke-
Danmark see Denmark san
Dansalan see Marawi Da£oguz (city, northern Turkmenistan) : to 1994
Danube (river, central Europe) : [Bulgarian Russian Tashauz
Dunav; German Donau; Hungarian Duna; Datschitz see DaVice
 55 Delyatyn

Dauba see Dubá Dedeağaç see Alexandroúpolis

Daugavgriva see Daugavgrnva Dedeagach see Alexandroúpolis
Daugavgrnva (town, northern Latvia) : (Russian Dedford see East Greenwich
Daugavgriva); 1917–1918, 1940–1944 German Dedovsk (town, western Russia) : 1925–1940
Dünamünde; to 1917 Russian Ust’-Dvinsk Dedovsky; to 1925 Guchkovo
Daugavpils (city, southeastern Latvia) : 1941– Dedovsky see Dedovsk
1944 German Dünaburg; 1893–1920 Russian Dee (river, northeastern Wales/northwestern En-
Dvinsk; 1656–1667, Russian Borisoglebsk; to gland) : Welsh Dyfrdwy; Roman Deva (The
1656 German Dünaburg Roman name gave that of the city of Chester,
Daulatabad (village, western India) : to 1327 which stands on the river.)
Devagiri Deep Bay see Chilumba
Dauphin Island (Alabama, southeastern United Deep Hollow see Scranton
States) : to 1708 Massacre Island Deep River (town, Connecticut, northeastern
David-Gorodok see Davyd Haradok United States) : to 1947 Saybrook
Davos (town, eastern Switzerland) : Romansh Deer Creek see Roseburg
Tavau Deerfield (town, Illinois, central United States) :
Davyd-Haradok (town, southern Belarus) : originally Cadwell’s Corners
(Russian David-Gorodok); 1919–1939 Polish Deer Lodge (town, Montana, northwestern
Dawidgródek; to 1919 Russian David-Gorodok United States) : originally La Barge
Dawidgródek see Davyd-Haradok Değirmenlik see Kythrea
Dawley see Telford Dehqonobod (village, southern Uzbekistan) :
Dawson (village, Yukon Territory, northwestern (Russian Dekhkanabad); to c.1935 Tengi-
Canada) : formerly Dawson City Kharam
Dawson City see Dawson Deichow see Dychów
Dax (town, southwestern France) : Roman Aquae Dej (city, northwestern Romania) : to 1918,
Augustae; earlier Roman Aquae Tarbellicae 1940–1944 Hungarian Dés
Dayton (town, Tennessee, southeastern United De Kalb (city, Illinois, central United States) : to
States) : to 1895 Smith’s Crossroads 1856 Buena Vista
Dead Sea (eastern West Bank/western Jordan) : Dekhkanabad see Dehqonobod
[Arabic Ba∏r L¨t]; alternate biblical Salt Sea; De Laage Prairie see South Holland
Roman Mare Mortuum Delatyn see Delyatyn
Dearborn (city, Michigan, northeastern United Delaware see Cherry Hill
States) : 1833–1893 Dearbornville; previously Delémont (town, northwestern Switzerland) :
Pekin; earlier Bucklin; originally Ten Eyck German Delsberg
Dearbornville see Dearborn Delhi (city, northern India) : alternate official
Death Valley (California, western United States) New Delhi; alternate popular Old Delhi; local
: locally Tomesha (The great depression, now a alternate Shahjahanabad (Delhi is really two
national park, received its English name in cities in one. The local name refers to Shah
1849 from goldseekers attempting to cross it.) Jahan, who built the seventh city of Delhi in
Debar (town, western Macedonia) : to 1913 1638. Construction of New Delhi, just south of
Turkish Dibra; Roman Deborus Old Delhi, began in 1912, and the capital was
Ddbica (town, southeastern Poland) : 1939–1945 moved there from the older city in 1931.)
German Dembica Dél˛ine (village, Northwest Territories, north-
Ddblin (town, eastern Poland) : 1940–1945 Ger- western Canada) : to 1999 Fort Franklin
man Demblin; to 1915 Russian Ivangorod Delray see Delray Beach
Ddbno (town, northwestern Poland) : to 1945 Delray Beach (city, Florida, southeastern United
German Neudamm States) : to 1923 Delray
Deborus see Debar Del Rio (city, Texas, southern United States) : to
Debrecen (city, eastern Hungary) : to 1867 Ger- 1833 San Felipe del Rio
man Debreczin Delsberg see Delémont
Debreczin see Debrecen Delvinë (town, southern Albania) : 1919–1921
Debrzno (town, northwestern Poland) : to 1945 modern Greek Delvinon
German Preussisch-Friedland Delvinon see Delvinë
De Cantillon see North Little Rock Delyatin see Delyatyn
DfiVín (city, northern Czech Republic) : to 1918, Delyatyn (town, southwestern Ukraine) : (Rus-
1938–1945 German Tetschen sian Delyatin); to 1939 Polish Delatyn
De Malherbe 56

De Malherbe see Aïn Tolba 1802–1967 La Haye-Descartes; to 1802 La

Dembica see Ddbica Haye-en-Touraine (The town first added then
Demblin see Ddblin wholly adopted the name of the philosopher
Demersville see Victoriaville René Descartes, who was born here.)
Demidov (town, western Russia) : to 1918 Deschnaer Kuppe see Velká De§tná
Porech’ye Deseret see Utah
Demirhisar see Sidirókastro Desiderii Fanum see St.-Dizier
Dem’yanovka see Uzynkol’ Des Plaines (city, Illinois, north central United
Denali see McKinley, Mt. States) : to 1869 Rand
Denali National Park and Preserve (Alaska, Desterro see Florianópolis
northwestern United States) : to 1980 Mt. Dfitmarovice (town, eastern Czech Republic) :
McKinley National Park 1939–1945 German Dittmarsdorf; 1918–1919,
Denbigh (town, northern Wales) : Welsh Din- 1938–1939 Polish DzieWmorowice; to 1918 Ger-
bych man Dittmarsdorf
Den Bosch see ’s-Hertogenbosch Détrie see Sidi Lahssen
Dendera (village, eastern Egypt) : ancient Greek Detroit (city, Michigan, northeastern United
Tentyra States) : originally French Fort-Pontchartrain-
Dendermonde (town, northern Belgium) : du-Détroit
French Termonde Detskoye Selo see Pushkin
Den Haag see Hague, The Deutsch-Brod see HavlíVkÀv Brod
Denia (city, eastern Spain) : Roman Dianium Deutschendorf see Poprad
Deniliquin (town, New South Wales, southeast- Deutsch-Eylau see Iùawa
ern Australia) : to 1850 Sandhills Deutsch-Gabel see Jablonné v Podje§tfidí
Deninoo Kue see Fort Resolution Deutsch-Krawarn see Krava†e
Denisovka (town, northern Kazakhstan) : for- Deutsch-Krone see Waùcz
merly Ordzhonikidze Deutschland see Germany
Denmark (kingdom, northwestern Europe) : Deutsch-Proben see Nitrianske Pravno
[Danish Danmark] Deux-Ponts see Zweibrücken
Denver (city, Colorado, west central United Deux-Rivières see St.-Stanislas
States) : to 1858 St. Charles Deva (city, west central Romania) : to 1918 Hun-
Denwood see Wainwright garian Déva
Deodoro see Piraquara Deva see (1) 1Chester; (2) Dee
De Panne (town, western Belgium) : French La Déva see Deva
Panne Devagiri see Daulatabad
Derbeshka see Derbeshkinsky Devana see Kintore
Derbeshkinsky (town, western Russia) : to 1940 Dévén see 2Devín
1
Derbeshka Devin (town, southwestern Bulgaria) : to 1934
Derbinskoye see Tymovskoye Dovlen
1 2
Derby (city, north central England) : Roman Devín (town, southwestern Slovakia) : 1938–
Derventio (The Roman name is either that of 1945 German Theben; to 1918 Hungarian
the Derwent River here or of the Roman fort Dévén; to 1867 German Theben (Devín is now
at Little Chester, north of the city center.) a district of Bratislava.)
2
Derby (town, Kansas, central United States) : to Devona see Kintore
1930 El Paso Devonport (town, southwestern England) : to
Derry see Londonderry 1824 Plymouth Dock (The town is now a dis-
Derryfield see 2Manchester trict of Plymouth.)
Dertona see Tortona Dewdney see Okotoks
Dervent see Klisura Dewey (town, eastern Puerto Rico) : to c.1940
Derventio see (1) 1Derby; (2) Derwent; (3) Culebra
Malton; (4) Papcastle Dhahran (town, eastern Saudia Arabia) : [Arabic
Derwent (river, northern England) : Roman A≤ ¥ahrIn]
Derventio (There are several Derwent rivers in Dhaka (city, central Bangladesh) : formerly con-
England, as those at 1Derby, Malton, and ventional Dacca
Papcastle, but not all had the Roman name.) Diamantina (city, southeastern Brazil) : formerly
Dés see Dej Tejuco
Descartes (town, west central France) : Dianium see Denia
 57 Dobra

Dibio see Dijon Divodurum see Metz

Dibra see Debar Divona see Cahors
Dicaearchia see Pozzuoli Dixmude see Diksmuide
Didymoteichon (town, northeastern Greece) : Diyarbakqr (city, southeastern Turkey) : Roman
1915–1919 Bulgarian Dimotika; to 1915 Turkish Amida
Dimetoka Djailolo see Halmahera
Diedenhofen see Thionville Djakovica (town, western Kosovo) : to 1913
Diefurt see Õnin Turkish Yakova
Diégo-Suarez see Antsiranana Djanet (town, northeastern Algeria) : to c.1962
Dieppe (town, New Brunswick, eastern Canada) French Fort-Charlet
: to 1946 Leger Corner Djemila (town, central Algeria) : Roman Cuicul
Dievenow see Dziwnów Djeneral Hanri see ǴorVe Petrov
Diez y Ocho de Julio (village, southeastern Djevdjelija see Gevgelija
Uruguay) : to 1909 San Miguel Djibouti (republic, eastern Africa) : 1967–
Dignano d’Istria see Vodnjan 1977 Afars and Issas; 1888–1967 French Soma-
Dijon (city, eastern France) : Roman Divio; al- liland
ternate Roman Dibio Djokupunda (town, south central Democratic
Dikaia (town, northeastern Greece) : 1915–1919 Republic of the Congo) : to 1972 French
Bulgarian Kad≠koy; to 1913 Turkish Kadqköy Charlesville
Diksmuide (town, western Belgium) : French Dmanisi (town, southern Georgia) : to 1947
Dixmude Bashkicheti
Dillon (town, Montana, northwestern United Dmitriyevskoye see Talas
States) : to 1881 Terminus Dmitrovsk see Dmitrovsk-Orlovsky
Dimashq see Damascus Dmitrovsk-Orlovsky (town, western Russia) : to
Dimetoka see Didymoteichon 1929 Dmitrovsk
Dimitrov see Dymytrov Dnepr see Dnieper
1
Dimitrovgrad (city, southern Bulgaria) : to 1947 Dneprodzerzhinsk see Dniprodzerzhyns’k
Rakovski (The city was built in 1947 and in- Dnepropetrovsk see Dnipropetrovs’k
corporated three villages, the largest of which Dneprovskoye (village, western Russia) : to
was Rakovski.) c.1960 Andreyevskoye
2
Dimitrovgrad (city, western Russia) : to 1972 Dnestr see Dniester
Melekess Dnieper (river, western Russia) : [Russian
3
Dimitrovgrad (town, southeastern Serbia) : to Dnepr]; ancient Greek Borysthenes
1950 Caribrod (The town was in Bulgaria from Dniester (river, western Ukraine) : [Ukrainian
1913 to 1919.) Dnistro]; (Russian Dnestr); Roman Danastris;
Dimitrovo see Pernik ancient Greek Tyras
Dimotika see Didymoteichon Dniprodzerzhyns’k (city, east central Ukraine) :
Dinbych see Denbigh (Russian Dneprodzerzhinsk); to 1936 Kamyan-
Dinbych-y-pysgod see Tenby s’ke (Russian Kamenskoye)
Dingle (town, southwestern Ireland) : Irish An Dnipropetrovs’k (city, south central Ukraine) :
Daingean (Russian Dnepropetrovsk); 1802–1926 Katery-
Diomede Islands (eastern Russia/northwestern noslav (Russian Yekaterinoslav); 1796–1802
United States) : alternate Russian Gvozdev Is- Novorossiysk; to 1796 Katerynoslav (Russian
lands (Big Diomede, which belongs to Russia, is Yekaterinoslav)
alternately known as Ratmanov Island.) Dnistro see Dniester
Dionysopolis see Balchik Dobbiaco (town, northern Italy) : to 1919 Ger-
Dioscurias see Sokhumi man Toblach
Diospolis see Thebes Dobele (town, west central Latvia) : to 1918 Rus-
Dirizhabl’stroy see Dolgoprudny sian Doblen
Dirschau see Tczew Doberai (peninsula, eastern Indonesia) : to 1963
Disko see 1Qeqertarsuaq Dutch Vogelkop
Dittmarsdorf see Dfitmarovice Dobiegniew (town, western Poland) : to 1945
Divinópolis (city, southeastern Brazil) : to 1912 German Woldenberg
Espírito Santo da Itapecerica Doblen see Dobele
Divio see Dijon Dobra (town, northwestern Poland) : to 1945
Divnogorsk (city, eastern Russia) : to 1963 Skit German Daber
Dob†any 58

Dob†any (town, western Czech Republic) : to Dolgelley see Dolgellau

1918, 1939–1945 German Wiesengrund Dolgoprudny (city, western Russia) : 1935–1938
Dobre Miasto (town, northeastern Poland) : to Dirizhabl’stroy
1945 German Guttstadt Dolina see Dolyna
Dobrich (town, northeastern Bulgaria) : 1949– Dolinsk (town, eastern Russia) : 1905–1945
1991 Tolbukhin; 1940–1949 Dobrich; 1913–1940 Japanese Ochiai
Romanian Bazargic; 1878–1913 Dobrich; to Dolinskaya see Dolyns’ka
1878 Turkish Bazarcik Dolinskoye see Dolyns’ke
Dobrinka (village, western Russia) : to c.1940 Dolisie see Loubomo
Nizhnyaya Dobrinka Dolní Bene§ov (town, eastern Czech Republic) :
Dobrna (village, western Slovenia) : to 1918 Ger- to 1919, 1938–1945 German Beneschau
man Neuhaus Dolni Chiflik (town, eastern Bulgaria) : to 1989
Dobrodzieü (town, southern Poland) : to 1945 Georgi Traykov
German Guttentag Dolnï Kubín (town, northern Slovakia) : to 1918
Dobromil’ see Dobromyl’ Hungarian Alsókubin
Dobromyl’ (town, western Ukraine) : (Russian Dolyna (town, western Ukraine) : (Russian
Dobromil’); to 1939 Polish Dobromil Dolina); to 1939 Polish Dolina
Dobropillya (town, eastern Ukraine) : (Russian Dolyns’ka (town, central Ukraine) : (Russian
Dobropol’ye); 1941–1946 Russian Krasnoarmey- Dolinskaya); mid–1920s, 1940–1944
sky Rudnik; c.1935–1941 Rot-Front; c.1918– Shevchenkove (Russian Shevchenkovo)
c.1935 Val’dgeym; to c.1918 Russian Svyato- Dolyns’ke (village, southern Ukraine) : (Russian
gorovsky Rudnik (The city’s German-influenced Dolinskoye); to 1945 Valegotsulovo
history gave the names Rot-Front, “Red Dolzhikovo-Orlovskoye see Sverdlovs’k
Front,” and Val’dgeym, a transliteration of Doma±lice (town, western Czech Republic) : to
Waldheim.) 1918, 1939–1945 German Taus
Dobropol’ye see Dobropillya Dombarovka see Dombarovsky
Dobrovol’sk (town, western Russia) : 1938–1945 Dombarovsky (town, southwestern Russia) : to
German Schlossberg; to 1938 German Pillkal- 1939 Dombarovka
len Dombasle see El Hachem
Dobroye (village, eastern Russia) : 1905–1945 Dombrowa see DRbrowa Górnicza
Japanese Naibo Dominican Republic (central West Indies) : for-
Dobru§ka (town, north central Czech Republic) merly Santo Domingo (The former name, now
: to 1918, 1929–1945 German Gutenfeld that of the republic’s capital, was originally ap-
Dobrzany (town, northwestern Poland) : to 1945 plied to the whole island of Hispaniola of
German Jacobshagen which the Dominican Republic now occupies
Doc Penfro see Pembroke Dock the eastern two thirds.)
Doctor Petru Groza see ßtei Dominion (town, Nova Scotia, eastern Canada)
Doha (city, eastern Qatar) : [Arabic Ad Daw∏ah] : to 1906 Dominion No. 1 (The numeric name
Doire see Londonderry referred to a local mine shaft.)
Dojran (village, southeastern Macedonia) : to Dominion City (village, Manitoba, southern
1913 Turkish Doyran Canada) : to 1878 Roseau (The name was
Dokshitsy see Dokshytsy changed to avoid confusion with Roseau, Min-
Dokshukino see Nartkala nesota, USA, and Rosseau, Ontario.)
Dokshytsy (town, northern Belarus) : (Russian Dominion No. 1 see Dominion
Dokshitsy); 1919–1939 Polish Dokszyce Domitian Way see Via
Dokszyce see Dokshytsy Domman-Asfal’tovy Zavod see 1Leninsky
Doktor Yosifovo (village, northwestern Bulgaria) Domnau see Domnovo
: to 1950 V≠lkova Slatina Domnovo (village, western Russia) : to 1945
Dokuchayevka see Karamendy German Domnau
Dokuchayevsk see Dokuchayevs’k Don (river, southwestern Russia) : ancient Greek
Dokuchayevs’k (city, eastern Ukraine) : (Russian and Roman Tanais (The classical name was
Dokuchayevsk); to 1954 Olenivs’ki Kar’yery also that of a city at the river’s estuary. See
(Russian Yelenovskiye Kar’yery) Nedvigovka.)
Dolban see Liman Donau see Danube
Dolgellau (town, western Wales) : formerly con- Doncaster (city, north central England) : Roman
ventional Dolgelley Danum
 59 Drumshanbo

Donegal (town, northwestern Ireland) : Irish Downpatrick (town, southeastern Northern Ire-
Dún na nGall land) : Irish Dún Pádraig
Donetsk (town, southwestern Russia) : to 1955 Doyran see Dojran
Gundorovka Draa Ben Khedda (town, northern Algeria) : to
Donetsk see Donets’k c.1962 French Mirabeau
Donets’k (city, eastern Ukraine) : (Russian Draa Esmar (village, northern Algeria) : to
Donetsk); 1924–1961 Stalino; to 1924 Yuzivka c.1962 French Lodi
(Russian Yuzovka) Drable see José Enrique Rodó
Donetsko-Amvrosiyevka see Amvrosiyivka Dragomirovo see 2Proletarsk
Donets’ko-Amvrosiyivka see Amvrosiyivka Drahichyn (town, southwestern Belarus) : (Rus-
Dongbei see Manchuria sian Drogichin); 1919–1939 Polish Drohiczyn;
Dong Kinh see Hanoi to 1918 Russian Drogichin
1
Donskoye (village, western Russia, near Kalin- Dramburg see Drawsko Pomorskie
ingrad) : to 1945 German Grossdirschkeim Drauburg see Dravograd
2
Donskoye (village, western Russia, near Dravograd (town, northeastern Slovenia) : to
Lipetsk) : 1930s–c.1965 Vodop’yanovo; to 1930s 1918, 1941–1945 German Drauburg
Patriarsheye Drawno (town, northwestern Poland) : to 1945
Doornik see Tournai German Neuwedell
Dorchester (town, southern England) : Roman Drawsko Pomorskie (town, northwestern
Durnovaria Poland) : to 1945 German Dramburg
Dordogne (river, southwestern France) : Roman Drenewydd Gelli-farch see Shirenewton
Duranius Drepanum see Trapani
Dores da Boa Esperança see Boa Esperança Dresser (village, Wisconsin, northern United
Doristhal see Razino States) : to 1940 Dresser Junction
Dorna Watra see Vatra Dornei Dresser Junction see Dresser
Dorpat see Tartu Dreux (town, north central France) : Roman
Dorris Bridge see Alturas Drocae; Celtic Durocassis
Dosmahlen see 1Pushkino Drezdenko (town, western Poland) : to 1945
Dostyk (village, eastern Kazakhstan) : formerly German Driesen
Russian Druzhba Driesen see Drezdenko
Dothan (city, Alabama, southeastern United Drissa see Vyerkhnyadzvinsk
States) : to 1911 Dothen; originally Poplar Drocae see Dreux
Head Drogheda (town, northeastern Ireland) : Irish
Dothen see Dothan Droichead Átha
Double Springs see Gadsden Drogichin see Drahichyn
Douglas (town, Wyoming, western United Drogobych see Drohobych
States) : originally Tent Town Drohiczyn see Drahichyn
Douro (river, northern Spain/northern Portugal) Drohobych (city, western Ukraine) : (Russian
: alternate Spanish Duero; Roman Durius Drogobych); to 1939 Polish Drohobycz
Dovbysh (town, west central Ukraine) : to 1944 Drohobycz see Drohobych
Markhlevsk (From 1925 to the 1930s the region Droichead Átha see Drogheda
here was organized as a Polish district, with Droichead na Bandan see Bandon
the town known as Marchlewsk.) Droichead na Banna see Banbridge
1
Dover (town, southeastern England) : Roman Droichead Nua (town, eastern Ireland) : for-
Dubris merly (and still alternate) Newbridge
2
Dover (city, New Hampshire, northeastern Droim Seanbho see Drumshanbo
United States) : originally Bristol Droitwich (town, west central England) :
Dover, Strait of (southeastern England/northern Roman Salinae. (The Roman name referred to
France) : French Pas de Calais (The French the saltworks here, as it did at Middlewich.)
name gave that of a department in northern Dromore (town, east central Northern Ireland) :
France. Cp. English Channel.) Irish An Droim Mór
Dovey (river, western Wales) : Welsh Dyfi (The Drossen see O¢no Lubuskie
English form of the name gave that of Aber- Drug see Durg
dovey.) Druk-Yul see Bhutan
Dovlen see 1Devin Drumshanbo (town, northern Ireland) : Irish
Dovzhykove-Orlovs’ke see Sverdlovs’k Droim Seanbho
Druskenniki 60

Druskenniki see Druskininkai Duna see Danube

Druskienniki see Druskininkai Dünaburg see Daugavpils
Druskininkai (town, southern Lithuania) : Dunajská Streda (town, southwestern Slovakia)
1919–1939 Polish Druskienniki; to 1918 Russian : to 1918, 1938–1945 Hungarian Dunaszerda-
Druskenniki hely
1
Druzhba (town, northern Ukraine) : to 1962 Dünamünde see Daugavgriva
Khutir-Mykhaylivs’kyy (Russian Khutor- DunQrea see Danube
Mikhaylovsky) (The town was formed on the Dunaszerdahely see Dunajská Streda
merger of Khutir-Mykhaylivs’kyy with two Dunaújváros (city, west central Hungary) :
other settlements.) 1951–1961 Sztálinváros
2
Druzhba (town, western Ukraine) : to 1957 Ze- Dunav see Danube
lena Dunay see Danube
3
Druzhba (village, western Russia) : to 1945 Dunbarton (former county, west central Scot-
German Allenburg land) : formerly Dumbarton (The county, also
Druzhba see (1) Dostyk; (2) Sveti Konstantin known as Dunbartonshire, originally had a
Druzhkivka (city, eastern Ukraine) : (Russian name identical to that of its administrative
Druzhkovka); to 1938 Havrylivs’kyy Zavod center, the town of Dumbarton. The spelling
(Russian Gavrilovsky Zavod ) of the county name with n instead of m was
Druzhkovka see Druzhkivka then adopted to avoid confusion between the
Dry Diggings see Placerville two.)
Duarte, Pico (mountain, central Dominican Re- Duncan see Cheboygan
public) : 1936–1961 Monte Trujillo Dundalk (town, northeastern Ireland) : Irish
Dubá (town, northern Czech Republic) : to 1918, Dún Dealgan
1939–1945 German Dauba Dún Dealgan see Dundalk
Düben see Bad Düben Dunedin (city, southeastern New Zealand) :
Dubh Linn see Dublin originally New Edinburgh
Dublin (city, eastern Ireland) : local Irish Dubh Dunedin see Edinburgh
Linn; alternate (official) Irish Baile Átha Dungannon (town, southern Northern Ireland) :
Cliath; Roman Eblana (The Roman name first Irish Dún Geanainn
appeared in the writings of the 2d-century Dún Garbhán see Dungarvan
A.D. geographer Ptolemy and although lacking Dungarvan (town, southern Ireland) : Irish Dún
an initial D is basically identical with the mod- Garbhán
ern name.) Dún Geannain see Dungannon
Dubris see 1Dover Dungloe (town, northwestern Ireland) : Irish An
Dubrovnik (town, southern Croatia) : to 1918 Clochán Liath
Italian Ragusa Dunkerque see 1Dunkirk
1
Duchcov (town, northwestern Czech Republic) : Dunkirk (city, northern France) : [French
to 1918, 1938–1945 German Dux Dunkerque] (The English form of the name,
Duck Creek Cross Roads see Smyrna although long current, gained particular favor
Duero see Douro following the evacuation of British troops
Duisburg (city, western Germany) : 1929–1934 from France against the odds in 1940, a feat
Duisburg-Hamborn; Roman Castrum Deutonis which gave the patriotic phrase “Dunkirk
Duisburg-Hamborn see Duisburg spirit” for a gallant effort.)
2
Duke of Clarence Island see Nukunonu Dunkirk (town, New York, northeastern United
Dukhovsky see Guliston States) : originally Chadwick’s Bay
Dulcigno see Ulcinj Dún Laoghaire (town, eastern Ireland) : 1821–
Dulcina see Barbuda 1921 English Kingstown; earlier Dunleary
D≠lgopol (town, eastern Bulgaria) : formerly Dunleary see Dún Laoghaire
Novo Selo; to 1878 Turkish Yeni Derbent Dún na nGall see Donegal
Dulovo (town, northeastern Bulgaria) : formerly Dunnet Head (promontory, northeastern Scot-
Akkad≠nlar; 1913–1940 Romanian Accadînlar; land) : Roman Tarvedunum
to 1878 Turkish Akkadqnlar Dún Pádraig see Downpatrick
Dumbarton see Dunbarton Dunstable (town, southeastern England) :
Dumnonium Promontorium see Lizard, The Roman Durocobrivis
Dumontville see St.-Jerôme Dunstable see Nashua
DumyI™ see Damietta Dunton see Arlington Heights
 61 Dzhambul

DuPage Center see Glen Ellyn Duszniki Zdrój (town, southwestern Poland) :
Duperré see Aïn Defla to 1945 German Bad Reinerz
Düpnice see Dupnitsa Dutch East Indies see Indonesia
Dupnitsa (city, western Bulgaria) : 1952–1990 Dutch Guiana see Surinam
Stanke Dimitrov; 1949–1952 Marek; to 1949 Dutch New Guinea see Irian Jaya
Stupnitsa; to 1878 Turkish Düpnice (Marek was Dutch West Indies see Netherlands Antilles
the nom de guerre of the Bulgarian Communist Duvalierville see Cabaret
leader Georgi Dimitrov, who gave the name of Duvno see Tomislavgrad
1
Dimitrovgrad.) Dux see Duchcov
Düppel see Dybbøl Duzdab see ZIhedIn
Duque de Bragança see Calandula Duzkend see Akhuryan
Duque de Caxias (city, southeastern Brazil) : 26 Bakinskikh Kommunarov, imeni see
1931–1943 Caxias; to 1931 Meriti Station (The Neftçala
city is is now a suburb of Rio de Janeiro.) Dvigatel’stroy see Kaspiysk
Duranius see Dordogne Dvinsk see Daugavpils
Durazzo see Durrës DvÀr Králové nad Labem (city, northern Czech
Durban (city, eastern South Africa) : [Zulu Republic) : to 1918, 1938–1945 German König-
eThekwini]; 1835–1854 D’Urban; to 1835 Port inhof an der Elbe
Natal Dybbøl (town, southern Denmark) : 1850–1920
D’Urban see Durban German Düppel
Düren (city, western Germany) : Romann Mar- Dychów (village, western Poland) : to 1945 Ger-
codurum man Deichow
Durg (town, east central India) : formerly Drug Dyffryn Taf see Merthyr Vale
1
Durham (city, North Carolina, eastern United Dyfi see Dovey
States) : formerly Durhamville Dyfrdwy see Dee
2
Durham (town, New Hampshire, northeastern Dyme see Kato Achaia
United States) : to 1732 Oyster River Dymytrov (city, eastern Ukraine) : (Russian
3
Durham (town, Ontario, southeastern Canada) Dimitrov); 1957–1972 Novoekonomichne (Rus-
: to 1866 Bentinck sian Novoekonomicheskoye); 1937–1957 Novyy
Durhamville see 1Durham Donbas (Russian Novy Donbass)
Durius see Douro Dyrrhachium see Durrës
Durlas see Thurles Dysna (town, northern Belarus) : 1919–1939 Pol-
Durnovaria see Dorchester ish Dzisna
Durobrivae see (1) Chesterton; (2) 1Rochester Dyushambe see Dushanbe
Durocassis see Dreux Dzagidzor see Tumanyan
Durocatalaunum see Châlons-en-Champagne Dzaudzhikau see Vladikavkaz
Durocobrivis see Dunstable Dzerzhinsk (city, western Russia) : formerly
Durocortorum see Reims Rastyapino (The city was formed in 1930 on
Duroliponte see 1Cambridge the amalgamation of Rastyapino with two
Durostorum see Silistra other communities.)
Durovernum see Canterbury Dzerzhinsk see (1) 1,2Dzerzhyns’k;
Durovigutum see Godmanchester (2) Dzyarzhynsk
Durrës (city, western Albania) : 1939–1943 Ital- Dzerzhinskogo, imeni see Nar’yan-Mar
ian Durazzo; Roman Dyrrhachium; ancient Dzerzhinskoye (village, eastern Russia) : for-
Greek Epidamnus (The Roman name was orig- merly Rozhdestvenskoye
inally that of the headland here on which the Dzerzhinsky (city, western Russia) : to 1938
Greek city arose.) Trudovaya Kommuna imeni Dzerzhinskogo
D’Urville Island (central New Zealand) : Maori Dzerzhinsky see Sorsk
1
Rangitoto Dzerzhyns’k (city, eastern Ukraine) : (Russian
Dushanbe (city, southwestern Tajikistan) : Dzerzhinsk); to 1938 Shcherbynivka (Russian
1929–1961 Stalinabad; to 1929 Dyushambe Shcherbinovka)
2
Dushet see Dusheti Dzerzhyns’k ((town, west central Ukraine) :
Dusheti (town, east central Georgia) : to 1936 (Russian Dzerzhinsk); to 1933 Romanov
Dushet Dzhalal-ogly see Stepanavan
D≠stí (town, southwestern Tajikistan) : formerly Dzhalilabad see Cälilabad
Pyandzh Dzhambul see Taraz
Dzhansugurov 62

Dzhansugurov (town, eastern Kazakhstan) : for- States) : to 1834 Fawcettstown; originally St.
merly Abakumova Clair
Dzharkent see Zharkent East London (city, southeastern South Africa) :
Dzhirgalantu see Hovd originally Port Rex
Dzhugeli see Zestap’oni East Maitland see Maitland
Dzhumaya see Blagoevgrad East Moline (city, Illinois, north central United
Dziaùdowo (town, northern Poland) : to 1919, States) : originally Port Byron Junction
1939–1945 German Soldau East Pakistan see Bangladesh
DzieWmorowice see Dfitmarovice Eastpointe (town, Michigan, northern United
Dzierzgoü (town, northern Poland) : to 1945 States) : 1929–1992 East Detroit; to 1929 Half-
German Christburg way Village
Dzier∞oniów (town, southwestern Poland) : to Eastport (town, Maine, northeastern United
1945 German Reichenbach States) : to 1798 Moose Island (The earlier
Dzisna see Dysna name remains for the island on which the
Dziwnów (town, northwestern Poland) : to 1945 town lies.)
German Dievenow East Providence (city, Rhode Island, northeast-
Dzurchi see Pervomays’ke ern United States) : to 1862 West Seekonk
Dzyarzhynsk (city, central Belarus) : (Russian East River see Wallingford
Dzerzhinsk); to c.1935 Kaydanovo East Rockport see 2Lakewood
Éadan Doire see Edenderry East St. Louis (city, Illinois, north central
Eagle Nest (village, New Mexico, southwestern United States) : to 1861 Illinoistown
United States) : to 1935 Therma East Thomaston see Rockland
Eagle Pass (city, Texas, southern United States) : East Timor (republic, eastern Malay Archipel-
formerly Camp Eagle Pass; originally El Paso de ago) : 1975–1999 Timor Timur; to 1975 Por-
Aquila tuguese Timor
Eagle Rock see Idaho Falls Eastview see 2Vanier
Eagle Station see Carson City East Windsor (town, Ontario, southeastern
Earlston (town, southeastern Scotland) : for- Canada) : to 1929 Ford City (East Windsor
merly Ercildoune (The original name became merged with the city of Windsor in 1935.)
an alternate byname of the 13th-century Scot- East Youngstown see Campbell
tish poet Thomas the Rhymer.) Ebbw Vale (town, southeastern Wales) : Welsh
Earp’s Corner see Fairfax Glynebwy
East Bengal see Bangladesh Ebchester (village, northeastern England) :
East Chelmsford see Lowell Roman Vindomora
East Detroit see Eastpointe Ebenrode see Nesterov
Easter Island (eastern Pacific) : alternate native Eberswalde (town, northeastern Germany) : for-
Rapa Nui merly Neustadt (The earlier name, meaning
Eastern Transvaal see Mpumalanga simply “new town,” was gradually superseded
East Gary see Lake Station by the present one. In 1970 the town merged
East Greenwich (town, Rhode Island, northeast- with neighboring Finow to form the city of
ern United States) : 1686–1689 Dedford Eberswalde-Finow.)
East Hamburg see Orchard Park Eblana see Dublin
1
East Hampton (town, New York, northeastern Ebora see Évora
United States) : originally Maidstone (The Eboracum see 1York
town is one of the fashionable Long Island re- Eborakon see 1York
sorts that make up the Hamptons.) Ebro (river, northeastern Spain) : Roman Iberus
2
East Hampton (town, Connecticut, northeast- Ebudae see Hebrides
ern United States) : to 1915 Chatham Eburodunum see (1) Embrun; (2) Yverdon
East Haven (town, Connecticut, northeastern Ebytown see Kitchener
United States) : to 1707 Iron Works Village Ecbatana see Hamadan
East Hoosuck see Adams Echaot’l Koe see Fort Liard
East Indies see Indonesia Echaporã (town, southeastern Brazil) : to 1944
East Lansing (city, Michigan, north central Portuguese Bela Vista
United States) : to 1907 Collegeville Ech Chélif (town, northern Algeria) : 1964–1981
East Livermore see Livermore Falls El Asnam; to 1964 French Orléansville; Roman
East Liverpool (city, Ohio, north central United Castellum Tingitanum
 63 El Asnam

Echmiadzin see Ejmiatsin Eesti see Estonia

Echo Bay (village, Northwest Territories, north- Éfaté (island, central Vanuatu) : formerly Sand-
ern Canada) : formerly Port Radium; to 1937 wich Island
Cameron Bay (The mines here, yielding pitch- Effingham (town, Illinois, north central United
blende ore from which radium was extracted, States) : to 1859 Broughton
closed in 1960.) Egedesminde see Aasiaat
Eckengraf see Viesnte Eger (town, northern Hungary) : to 1867 Ger-
Ecolisma see Angoulême man Erlau
Economy see Ambridge Eger see Cheb
Écore à Fabre see 2Camden Eglwys y Drindod see 2Christchurch
Ecorse (town, Michigan, north central United Egmont, Mt. (northwestern New Zealand) :
States) : originally Grandport Maori Taranaki (The Maori name is official for
Écry see Asfeld the region and former province here.)
Eddy see Carlsbad Eğribos see Khalkís
Eden see (1) Aden; (2) Bar Harbor Egridere see Ardino
Edenburg see Knox Eğripalanka see Kriva Palanka
Edenderry (town, east central Ireland) : Irish Egypt (republic, northeastern Africa) : [Arabic
Éadan Doire Mi•r]; Roman Aeg yptus (In 1958 Egypt formed
Edenglassie see Brisbane a union with Syria as the United Arab Repub-
Edessa (town, northeastern Greece) : to 1913 lic. Syria left in 1961 but the name continued
Turkish Vodena for Egypt alone until 1971. The Arabic name is
Edessa see ßanlqurfa also that of Cairo.)
Edgartown (town, Massachusetts, northeastern Ehrenforst see Sùawidcice
United States) : originally Nunnepog Eibenschitz see IvanVice
Edgeworthstown (town, north central Ireland) : Eigenbrakel see Braine-l’Alleud
Irish Meathas Troim; formerly alternate Mos- Eighty Mile Beach (coastal region, Western Aus-
trim tralia, northwestern Australia) : to 1946 Ninety
Edinburg (city, Texas, southern United States) : Mile Beach (The region, actually about 85
to 1911 Chapin miles in length, was renamed to avoid confu-
Edinburgh (city, southeastern Scotland) : histor- sion with Ninety Mile Beach in Victoria,
ical and literary Dunedin (The historical name, southeastern Australia.)
properly Gaelic Dun Eideann, gave that of Eilean Leodhais see Isle of Lewis
Dunedin, New Zealand.) Eilean Siar see Western Isles
Edingen see Enghien Eimeo see Moorea
Edirne (city, western Turkey) : formerly English Einsiedeln (town, east central Switzerland) :
Adrianople; 1930–1922 modern Greek Adria- French Notre-Dame-des-Ermites
noupolis; to 1913 Bulgarian Odrin; Roman Éire see Ireland
Adrianopolis (The former English name is that Eisenbrod see ≥ eleznï Brod
of a battle of A.D. 378 in which the Roman Eisenburg see Vasvár
emperor Valens fell to the Visigoths.) Eisenhower, Mt. (New Hampshire, northeastern
Edison (city, New Jersey, northeastern United United States) : formerly Mt. Pleasant
States) : to 1954 Raritan Eisenhower, Mt. see Castle Mountain
Edith Cavell, Mt. (Alberta, southwestern Can- Eisenstadt (town, eastern Austria) : to 1920
ada) : to 1916 Montagne de la Grande Traverse Hungarian Kismarton
Edith Ronne Land see Ronne Ice Shelf Eisenstein see ≥ elezná Ruda
Edmundston (town, New Brunswick, eastern Ei§i§kcs (town, southern Lithuania) : (Russian
Canada) : to 1848 Petit-Sault Eyshishkes); 1921–1939 Polish Ejszyszki
Edo see Tokyo Ejmiatsin (city, western Armenia) : (Russian
Edremit (town, northwestern Turkey) : Roman Echmiadzin); to 1945 Vagarshapat
Adramyttium Ejszyszki see Ei§i§kcs
Edson (town, Alberta, west central Canada) : to Ekeli see Zahirabad
1911 Heatherwood El Aouinet (village, northeastern Algeria) : to
Edward, Lake (east central Africa) : 1973–1979 c.1962 French Clairfontaine
Lake Idi Amin Dada; to 1908 Albert Edward Elar see Abovyan
Nyanza El Araïche see Larache
Edwardesabad see Bannu El Asnam see Ech Chélif
Elath 64

Elath see Aqaba Elizabeth (city, New Jersey, northeastern United

Elba (island, western Italy) : Roman Ilva; ancient States) : to 1740 Elizabethtown
Greek Aethalia Elizabeth City (town, North Carolina, eastern
El Banco (city, northern Colombia) : formerly United States) : originally Redding
Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria de El Banco; Elizabethtown see (1) Brockville; (2) Eliza-
1544–1749 Tamalameque; earlier Barbudo; beth; (3) Hagerstown; (4) Hopkinsville
originally Sompallón Elizabeth Town see New Norfolk
El Bayadh (town, northwestern Algeria) : to Elizabethville see Moundsville
c.1962 French Géryville El Jadida (city, western Morocco) : to 1821
Elbing see ElblRg Mazagan
ElblRg (city, northern Poland) : 1772–1945 Ger- El Jícaro see Ciudad Sandino
man Elbing El Jovero see Miches
Elbogen see Loket Eùk (town, northeastern Poland) : to 1945 Ger-
Elbow see Portland man Lyck
El Cerrito (city, California, western United El Kala (town, northeastern Algeria) : to c.1962
States) : originally Rust French La Calle
Elche (city, southeastern Spain) : Roman Ilici Elk City (town, Oklahoma, south central United
El Chilamatal see Ciudad Arce States) : originally Busch
El Chorro see General Enrique Mosconi Elkhovo (town, southeastern Bulgaria) : to 1878
El Djem (town, northeastern Tunisia) : Roman Turkish Kqzqlagaç
Thysdrus Elkton (town, Maryland, northeastern United
Eldorado (city, southeastern Brazil) : to 1948 States) : to 1787 Head of Elk; originally Friend-
Xiririca ship
Eldorado see New Denver Ellás see Greece
Elea see Castellammare Ellensburg (town, Washington, northwestern
Eleftheroupolis (town, northeastern Greece) : United States) : originally Robber’s Roost
formerly Bulgarian Pravishta Ellice Islands see Tuvalu
Elektrogorsk (city, western Russia) : to 1946 Elliotdale (town, southeastern South Africa) :
Elektroperedacha locally Xhora
Elektroperedacha see Elektrogorsk Ellis Island (New York, northeastern United
Elektrostal’ (city, western Russia) : to 1938 Za- States) : originally Oyster Island
tish’ye Elmhurst (city, Illinois, north central United
Elektrougli (town, western Russia) : to 1935 States) : to 1869 Cottage Hill (The town is now
Kudinovo a suburb of Chicago.)
Elektrovoz see Stupino Elmina (town, southern Ghana) : formerly Por-
El Eulma (town, northeastern Algeria) : to tuguese São Jorge da Mina
c.1962 French St.-Arnaud Elmira (city, New York, northeastern United
Eleutherai see Babaeski States) : to 1828 Newtown
Eleutheropolis see Beit Guvrin Elne (town, southern France) : Roman Castrum
El Fahs (town, north central Tunisia) : formerly Helenae; earlier Roman Illiberis
French Pont-du-Fahs El Paraíso see Choloma
El Ferrol (city, northwestern Spain) : 1939–1982 El Paso (city, Texas, southern United States) :
El Ferrol del Caudillo originally El Paso del Norte
El Ferrol del Caudillo see El Ferrol El Paso see 2Derby
Elgin see Niagara Falls El Paso del Norte see (1) El Paso; (2) Juárez
El Hachem (town, northwestern Algeria) : to El Progreso (town, east central Guatemala) : to
c.1962 French Dombasle c.1920 Guastatoya
El Harrach (town, northern Algeria) : to c.1962 El Pueblito (town, central Mexico) : 1946–1989
French Maison-Carrée (El Harrach is now a Spanish Villa Corregidora
suburb of Algiers.) El Pueblo see Los Angeles
Elimberrum see Auch El Pueblo de la Reyna de Los Angeles see Los
Elin Pelin (town, western Bulgaria) : to 1950 Angeles
Novoseltsi El Salvador (republic, western Central America)
Eliocroca see Lorca : alternate dated Salvador (The alternate
Élisabethville see (1) Katanga; (2) Lubumbashi name risks confusion with San Salvador, the
Elista (city, western Russia) : 1944–1957 Stepnoy country’s capital, whose own name is in
 65 Erechim

turn sometimes mistaken for that of the coun- England see United Kingdom
try.) English Bazar (city, northeastern India) : alter-
Elsass see Alsace nate Angrezabad
Elsene see Ixelles English Channel (southern England/northern
Elsinore (town, eastern Denmark) : Danish France) : French La Manche (The French name
Helsingør (The traditional English name has gave that of a department in northern France.
remained current largely thanks to Shake- Cp. Dover, Strait of.)
speare’s use of it as the setting of Hamlet.) Engyum see Gangi
Elvas (town, east central Portugal) : Roman Enham Alamein (village, southern England) : to
Alpesa 1945 Knights Enham
Elvershagen see úagiewniki Enkeldoorn see Chivhu
Ely (town, Minnesota, northern United States) : Enna (city, southern Italy) : to 1927 Castrogio-
originally Florence vanni; Roman Castrum Hennae
El Zapallar see General José de San Martín Ennis (town, western Ireland) : Irish Inis
Embarcadero see Redwood City Enniscorthy (town, southeastern Ireland) : Irish
Embrun (town, southeastern France) : Roman Inis Córthaidh
Eburodunum Enniskillen (town, southwestern Northern Ire-
Emerita Augusta see Mérida land) : Irish Inis Ceithleann; traditional English
Emesa see Homs Inniskilling (The traditional spelling is associ-
Emilia see Emilia-Romagna ated with the Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers, the
Emilia-Romagna (region, north central Italy) : British army regiment raised in 1689 to defend
to 1948 Emilia the town.)
Emirli see Orestiada Ennistimon (town, western Ireland) : Irish Inis
Emmahaven see Telukbayur Díomáin
Emmitsburg (town, Maryland, northeastern Enotah, Mt. see Brasstown Bald
United States) : to c.1786 Poplar Fields Enso see Svetogorsk
Emona see Ljubljana Entre Rios see (1) Malema; (2) Ribeirão Prêto;
Emporion see Empùries (3) Rio Brilhante; (4) Três Rios
Empingham Reservoir see Rutland Water Eochaill see Youghal
Empùries (village, notheastern Spain) : ancient Eoforwic see 1York
Greek Emporion Eolie Islands see Lipari Islands
Ems (river, northwestern Germany) : Roman Eperjes see Pre§ov
Amisia Épernay (town, northeastern France) : Roman
Emu Bay Settlement see Burnie Sparnacum
Encarnación (city, southeastern Paraguay) : for- Epidamnus see Durrës
merly Itapúa Epiphania see Hama
Encina see Uvalde Epitácio Pessoa see Pedro Avelino
Encinal see Sunnyvale Eporedia see Ivrea
Encruzilhada see Encruzilhada do Sul Équateur (province, northwestern Democratic
Encruzilhada do Sul (city, southern Brazil) : to Republic of the Congo) : 1935–1947 French
1944 Encruzilhada Coquilhatville
Enderby (town, British Columbia, southwestern Equatoria (former province, southern Sudan) :
Canada) : to 1887 Lambly’s Landing to 1936 Mongalla
Energetichesky see Otegen Batyr Equatorial Guinea (republic, western Africa) :
Enez (town, southwestern Turkey) : 1920–1922 to 1968 Spanish Guinea
modern Greek Ainos; ancient Greek Aenos Erasmus see Bronkhorstspruit
Engel’s (city, western Russia) : 1914–1931 Erastivka see Vyshneve
Pokrovsk; to 1914 Pokrovka (The city, named in Erastovka see Vyshneve
honor of the German socialist philosopher and Ercildoune see Earlston
founder of Communism Friedrich Engels, was Ercolano (town, southern Italy) : formerly
the capital of the former Volga German Au- Resina; Roman Herculaneum
tonomous Soviet Socialist Republic.) Erdély see Transylvania
Engerau see PetrØalka Erechim (city, southern Brazil) : 1939–1944 Por-
Enghien (town, west central Belgium) : Flemish tuguese José Bonifácio; to 1939 Portuguese Boa
Edingen Vista
Enghien see Montmorency Erechim see Getúlio Vargas
Ereğli 66
1
Ereğli (town, northwestern Turkey) : ancient Estonia (republic, northeastern Europe) : [Esto-
Greek Heraclea Pontica nian Eesti]; alternate English dated Esthonia
2 Estremadura see Extremadura
Ereğli (town, south central Turkey) : ancient
Greek Heraclea Cybistra Esutoru see Uglegorsk
Eretz Yisra’el see Palestine Esztergom (town, northern Hungary) : to 1867
Erice (town, southern Italy) : to 1934 Monte San German Gran; Roman Strigonium
Giuliano Étampes (town, northern France) : Low Latin
Eridanus see Po Stampae
Erikdere see Kallithea eThekwini see Durban
Erin see Ireland Ethiopia (republic, northeastern Africa) : for-
Erivan see Yerevan merly usually Abyssinia (The former name was
Erlau see Eger introduced by the Portuguese in the 16th cen-
Ernestown see 2Bath tury, adopted from an Arabic original.)
Er Rachidia (city, east central Morocco) : to Etna (volcano, southern Italy) : [Sicilian Mongi-
1979 Ksar es Souk bello]; Roman Aetna
Erseka see Ersekë Euboea (island, east central Greece) : Medieval
Ersekë (town, southern Albania) : 1919–1921 Italian Negroponte
modern Greek Erseka Euclides da Cunha (city, eastern Brazil) : to
Érsekújvár see Nové Zámky 1939 Cumbe
Erzgebirge (mountain range, central Europe) : Eugenópolis (city, southeastern Brazil) : to 1944
dated English Ore Mountains Portuguese São Manuel
Erzsébetfalva see Pesterzsébet Eugubium see Gubbio
Escaut see Scheldt Euhesperides see BanghIzn
Eschenbach see Wolframs-Eschenbach Eulau see Jílové
Eschscholtz Island see Bikini Eupen (town, eastern Belgium) : French Néau
Esenguly (town, western Turkmenistan) : for- Euphrates (river, southeastern Syria/central Iraq)
merly Gasan-Kuli : [Arabic Al Fura. t]
E•fahIn (city, west central Iran) : traditional Isfa- Eurymedon see Köprü
han, alternate traditional Ispahan; Roman As- Eusebeia see Kayseri
padana Euskadi see 1Basque Country
Esigodini (town, southwestern Zimbabwe) : to Euxine Sea see Black Sea
1982 Essexvale Evan see Penrith
Eskice see Xánthi Evanston (city, Illinois, north central United
Eskicumaa see T≠rgovishte States) : formerly Ridgeville; to 1850 Grosse
Eski Dzhumaya see T≠rgovishte Pointe
Eskifoça see Foça Eva Perón see (1) Buenos Aires; (2) La Pampa;
Eskihisar (village, southwestern Turkey) : an- (3) La Plata
cient Greek Stratonicea Evensk (town, eastern Russia) : to 1951 Bol’shaya
Eskimo Point see Arviat Garmanda
Eski Stambul see Veliki Preslav Everest, Mt. (northeastern Nepal/southern
Eskizağra see Stara Zagora Tibet) : alternate Tibetan Chomolungma
EslImIbId-e Gharb : (city, western Iran) : to Everett (city, Massachusetts, northeastern United
1982 ShIhIbId States) : to 1870 South Malden
Esopus see 1Kingston Évora (city, south central Portugal) : Roman Lib-
España see Spain eralitas Julia; ealier Roman Ebora
Española see Hispaniola Évreux (city, northwestern France) : Roman Medi-
Esperantina (city, northeastern Brazil) : to 1944 olanum; alternate Roman Civitas Ebroicorum
Portuguese Boa Esperança Exeter (city, southwestern England) : Roman Isca
Espírito Santo see Indiaroba Dumnoniorum
Espírito Santo da Itapecerica see Divinópolis Extremadura (region, west central Spain) : alter-
Essaouira (city, western Morocco) : to 1959 Mo- nate Estremadura
gador Eydtkuhnen see Chernyshevskoye
Esseg see Osijek Eyertown see Bloomsburg
Essexvale see Esigodini Eyshishkes see Ei§i§kcs
Este (town, northern Italy) : Roman Ateste Ezhva (town, western Russia) : formerly Sloboda
Esthonia see Estonia (Ezhva is now a suburb of Syktyvkar.)
 67 Fergana

Ezion-geber see Aqaba Farmersville see 2Athens

Faenza (city, northern Italy) : Roman Faventia Farnsworth’s Landing see Bordentown
Faeroe Islands (North Atlantic) : [Danish Farroupilha (city, southern Brazil) : to 1934 Por-
Færøerne; Faroese Føroyar] tuguese Nova Vicenza
Færøerne see Faeroe Islands FIrs (province, southwestern Iran) : Roman Per-
Faesulae see Fiesole sis (FIrs is more or less identical with the an-
FQgQra£ (city, central Romania) : to 1918 Hun- cient province of Pars, the nucleus of the Per-
garian Fogaras; to 1867 German Fogarasch sian empire. See Iran.)
Fairbanks see Presque Isle Farvel, Kap see Farewell, Cape
Fairfax (town, Virginia, eastern United States) : Farwell see Revelstoke
1805–1859 Providence; originally Earp’s Corner Fasano (town, southeastern Italy) : ancient Greek
Fairfield see 1Hamilton Gnathia
Fairmont (town, West Virginia, east central Fashoda see Kodok
United States) : to 1843 Middletown Fatu Hiva (island, northern French Polynesia) :
Fairmount see West Orange formerly Magdalena Island
Fairport see Horseheads Faventia see Faenza
Fairview see McCook Fawcettstown see East Liverpool
Faisalabad (city, northeastern Pakistan) : to 1979 Faya (town, northern Chad) : formerly French
Lyallpur Largeau
Fakaofo (atoll, southern Tokelau, South Pacific) : Fayetteville (city, Arkansas, south central United
formerly Bowditch Island States) : to 1829 Washington Court House
Fakel (town, western Russia) : to c.1960 Sergiyev- Faylakah (island, eastern Kuwait) : ancient Greek
sky Icaros
Falerii Novi see Civita Castellana Fdérik (town, northwestern Mauritania) : for-
Falerii Veteres see Civita Castellana merly French Fort-Gouraud
Falkenau see Sokolov Fécamp (town, northern France) : Roman Fis-
Falkenberg see (1) Niemodlin; (2) Zùocieniec cannum
Falkland Islands (South Atlantic) : alternate Fedala see Mohammedia
Spanish Islas Malvinas (Administered as a Federal Capital Territory see Australian Capi-
British crown colony, the islands have long tal Territory
been claimed by Spanish-speaking Argentina.) Federal Republic of Yugoslavia see Yugosla-
Falknov see Sokolov via
Fallriver see Fall River Fehértemplom see Bela Crkva
Fall River (city, Massachusetts, northeastern Feira see Luangwa
United States) : to 1831 Troy; originally Fall- Feled see Jesenské
river Felipe Carrillo Puerto (town, southeastern
Falls Station see Kisangani Mexico) : to 1935 Santa Cruz de Bravo
Falmouth see Portland Fellin see Viljandi
Fama Augusta see Famagusta Felshtin see 2Gvardiys’ke
Famagusta (town, eastern Cyprus) : [Turkish Felsina see Bologna
Gazimağusa]; Roman Fama Augusta; ancient Felsââr see Oberwart
Greek Ammokhostos (The town’s Turkish name Feltre (town, northern Italy) : Roman Feltria
evolved from the Roman name prefixed by Feltria see Feltre
Turkish gazi, “war veteran,” while the Roman Fénérive see Fenoarivo
name evolved from the Greek.) Fenoarivo (town, northeastern Madagascar) :
Fanning Island see Tabuaeran formerly French Fénérive
Fano (town, central Italy) : Roman Colonia Julia Feodosiya (town, southern Ukraine) : to 1783
Fanestris; earlier Roman Fanum Fortunae Italian Kaffa; ancient Greek Theodosia
Fanum Cocidi see Bewcastle Ferdinand see Montana
Fanum Fortunae see Fano Ferdinandovo see P≠rvenets
Farewell, Cape (southern Greenland) : [Danish Ferdinandov Vrukh see Botev Peak
Kap Farvel; Greenlandic Nunap Isua] Ferdows (town, northeastern Iran) : to 1920s Tun
Farewell Bend see Bend Ferentino (town, central Italy) : Roman Feren-
Farg’ona (city, eastern Uzbekistan) : (Russian tinum
Fergana); 1907–1924 Russian Skobelev; to 1907 Ferentinum see Ferentino
Russian Novy Margelan Fergana see Farg’ona
Fermo 68

Fermo (town, eastern Italy) : Roman Firmum Pi- cian Cabo Fisterra]; Roman Nerium Promonto-
cenum rium (The cape’s name is an exact counterpart
Fermoy (town, southern Ireland) : Irish Mainistir of the French Finistère.)
Fhear Maí Finland (republic, northern Europe) : [Finnish
Fernandina (island, western Galápagos Islands, Suomi]
Ecuador) : formerly Narborough Island Firchau see Wierzchowo
Fernandina de Jagua see Cienfuegos Firenze see 1Florence
Fernando Po see Bioko Firmum Picenum see Permo
Ferney see Ferney-Voltaire Firusbey see Uro§evac
Ferney-Voltaire (town, eastern France) : to 1881 Fiscannum see Fécamp
Ferney (The name of the writer Voltaire, who Fischhausen see 1Primorsk
lived in the town and died here, was first Fishguard (town, southwestern Wales) : Welsh
added during the Revolution of 1789–92.) Abergwaun
Ferrara (city, northern Italy) : Roman Forum Fishpond see Barstow
Alieni Fisterra, Cabo see Finisterre, Cape
Ferreira Gomes (town, northern Brazil) : 1939– Fitchburg (city, Massachusetts, northeastern
1943 Amapari United States) : originally Turkey Hills
Ferro see Hierro Fiume see Rijeka
Ferryside (village, southwestern Wales) : Welsh Fizuli see Füzuli
Glan-y-Fferi Flaminian Way see Via
Ferryville see Menzel Bourguiba Flanders (region, northern France/western Bel-
Festenberg see Twardogóra gium/southwestern Netherlands) : French
Festiniog see Ffestiniog Flandre; Flemish Vlaanderen (The name of the
Fethülislâm see Kladovo historical county survives in the adjacent Bel-
Fezzan (region, southwestern Libya) : Roman gian provinces of East Flanders and West Flan-
Phazania ders, Flemish Oost-Vlaanderen and West-
Ffestiniog (town, northern Wales) : formerly Vlaanderen.)
conventional Festiniog (The spelling with one f Flandre see Flanders
was long current for the Festiniog Railway, a Flatholm (island, southeastern Wales) : Welsh
narrow-gauge railroad running from Blaenau Ynys Echni
Ffestiniog, north of Ffestiniog, to Porthma- Flatow see Zùotów
dog.) Flensborg see Flensburg
Fforest Clud see Radnor Forest Flensburg (city, northern Germany) : 1460–1864
Ffynnon Taf see Taff ’s Well Danish Flensborg
Fidenae see Castel Giubileo Fletcher see 1Aurora
Fidentia see Fidenza Flevo Lacus see IJsselmeer
Fidenza (town, northern Italy) : to 1927 Borgo Flint (town, northeastern Wales) : Welsh Y Fflint
San Donnino; Roman Fidentia Flitsch see Bovec
Fiesole (town, north central Italy) : Roman Fae- Florânia (town, northeastern Brazil) : to 1944
sulae Flores
1
Figueira see Governador Valadares Florence (city, central Italy) : [Italian Firenze];
Fila•tnn see Palestine Roman Florentia
2
Filehne see Wieleü Florence (city, South Carolina, southeastern
Filibe see Plovdiv United States) : to c.1859 Wilds
Filipea de Nossa Senhora das Neves see João Florence see Ely
Pessoa Florentia see 1Florence
Fillmore see Plano Flores see (1) Florânia; (2) Timon
Filurina see Florina Florianópolis (city, southern Brazil) : to 1893
Finistère (department, northwestern France) : Portuguese Desterro
[Breton Penn-ar-Bed ] (The name of the de- Florina (town, north central Greece) : to 1913
partment refers to the peninsula here, known Turkish Filurina
traditionally in English as Finisterre, from Florissant (city, Missouri, central United States)
Latin finis terrae, “end of the earth,” itself a : to 1939 St. Ferdinand
translation of the Breton name.) Flushing see Vlissingen
Finisterre see Finistère Fly Flat see Coolgardie
Finisterre, Cape (northwestern Spain) : [Gali- Foça (village, western Turkey) : alternate
 69 Fort-Royal

Eskifoça; ancient Greek Phocaea (Eskifoça, “old Fort-de-l’Eau see Bordj el Kiffan
Foça,” distinguishes the place from Yenifoça, Fort-de-Polignac see Illizi
“new Foça,” founded in 1421.) Fort Dummer see Brattleboro
Fogaras see FQgQra£ Fort Duquesne see Pittsburgh
Fogarasch see FQgQra£ Fortezza (village, northern Italy) : to 1918 Ger-
Fokino (town, western Russia) : to 1964 Tse- man Franzenfeste
mentny Fort-Flatters see Bordj Omar Driss
Foligno (town, central Italy) : Roman Fulginium Fort-Foureau see Kousséri
Fondi (town, south central Italy) : Roman Fundi Fort Frances (town, Ontario, southern Canada) :
Fondouk see Khemis el Khechna to 1830 Fort St. Pierre
Fontarabia see Fuenterrabía Fort Franklin see Dél˛ine
Foochow see Fuzhou Fort Garry see Winnipeg
Ford City see East Windsor Fort George see (1) Chisasibi; (2) Prince
Forest (town, central Belgium) : Flemish Vorst George
(The town is now suburb of Brussels.) Fort Good Hope (village, Northwest Territories,
Forest Park (village, Illinois, north central northwestern Canada) : alternate Inuit Radili
United States) : to 1907 Harlem (The village is Ko
now a residential suburb of Chicago.) Fort-Gouraud see Fdérik
Forfarshire see Angus Fort Hall see Murang’a
Forks of Tar River see 1Washington Fort Hertz see Putao
Forlì (city, northern Italy) : Roman Forum Livii Fort Hill see Chitipa
Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia see Fort Jameson see Chipata
Macedonia Fort Johnston see Mangoche
Formia (town, south central Italy) : formerly Fort-Lamy see N’Djamena
Mola di Gaeta; Roman Formiae Fort-Laperrine see Tamanrasset
Formiae see Formia Fort Lewis see Fort Benton
Formosa see (1) Bioko; (2) Ilhabela; (3) Tai- Fort Liard (village, Northwest Territories, west
wan central Canada) : alternate Inuit Echaot’l Koe
Føroyar see Faeroe Islands Fort Macleod (town, Alberta, southwestern
Forst see Zasieki Canada) : to 1952 Macleod
Fort-Aleksandrovsky see Fort-Shevchenko Fort McMurray (city, Alberta, central Canada) :
Fortaleza (city, northeastern Brazil) : formerly to 1875 Fort of the Forks
Fortaleza Nova de Bragança; to 1823 Villa do Fort McPherson (village, Northwest Territories,
Forte da Assumpção northwestern Canada) : alternate Inuit Teet’lit
Fortaleza see Pedra Azul Zhen
Fortaleza Nova de Bragança see Fortaleza Fort Manning see Mchinji
Fort-Archambault see Sarh Fort Maurepas see Ocean Springs
Fort-Bayard see Zhanjiang Fort Miami see St. Joseph
Fort Benton (town, Montana, northwestern Fort Miro see 1Monroe
United States) : to 1850 Fort Lewis Fort Nashborough see Nashville
Fort Brisebois see Calgary Fort-National see L’Arbaa Naït Irathen
Fort Camosun see 2Victoria Fort Norman see Tulita
Fort-Carnot see Ikongo Fort of the Forks see (1) Fort McMurray; (2)
Fort Carillon see Ticonderoga Fort Simpson
Fort-Charles see Waskaganish Fort Orange see 1Albany
Fort-Charlet see Djanet Fort Pitt see Pittsburgh
Fort Chimo see Kuujjuaq Fort-Pontchartrain-du-Détroit see Detroit
Fort Christina see 1Wilmington Fort Providence (village, Northwest Territories,
Fort Clark see Peoria north central Canada) : alternate Inuit Zhahti
Fort Cornwallis see George Town Koe
Fort-Crampel see Kaga Bandoro Fort Resolution (village, Northwest Territories,
Fort Crook see Offutt Air Force Base central Canada) : alternate Inuit Deninoo Kue
Fort-Dauphin see Tôlanaro Fort Rosalie see Natchez
Fort-de-France (city, western Martinique) : orig- Fort Rosebery see Mansa
inally Fort-Royal Fort-Rousset see Owando
Fort de Kock see Bukitinggi Fort-Royal see Fort-de-France
Fort-Rupert 70

Fort-Rupert see Waskaganish eastern Germany, in full Frankfurt an der

Fort-St.-Jacques see Waskaganish Oder.)
Fort St. Jean Baptiste see Natchitoches Franklin Mills see 2Kent
Fort St. Pierre see Fort Frances Franklinville see Valdosta
Fort Salisbury see Harare Franti§kovy Láznfi (town, western Czech
Fort Sandeman see Zhob Republic) : to 1918, 1938–1945 German
Fort-Shevchenko (town, southwestern Kaza- Franzensbad
khstan) : 1857–1939 Russian Fort-Aleksan- Franzenfeste see Fortezza
drovsky; to 1857 Russian Novopetrovskoye (The Franzensbad see Franti§kovy Láznfi
town was briefly renamed Fort Uritskogo in the Fraserburg Road see Leeu-Gamka
1920s.) Fraserville see Rivière-du-Loup
Fort Simpson (village, Northwest Territories, Frauenburg see (1) Frombork; (2) Saldus
northwestern Canada) : alternate Inuit Liidli Frauenstadt see Wadowice
Kue; to 1821 Fort of the Forks Fraustadt see Wschowa
Fort Smith (town, Northwest Territories, central Frederickstown see 2Albany
Canada) : alternate Inuit Thebacha Fredericktown see 2Winchester
Fort Thomas (town, Kentucky, east central Frederikshåb see Paamiut
United States) : to 1867 Highlands (The town Frederiksnagar see Serampore
is now a residential suburb of Cincinnati.) Frederikstad see João Pessoa
Fort-Trinquet see Bir Mogreïn Fredrikshald see Halden
Fort Tyson see Quartzsite Fredrikshamn see Hamina
Fort Uritskogo see Fort-Shevchenko Freeport see Wayne
Fort Utah see Provo Free State (province, east central South Africa) :
Fort Victoria see (1) Masvingo; (2) 2Victoria 1854–1900, 1910–1995 Orange Free State
Fort Walton see Fort Walton Beach Freguesia de Nossa Senhora da Aparecida see
Fort Walton Beach (city, Florida, southeastern Lorena
United States) : to 1953 Fort Walton Freguesia de Santo Antônio de Guaratinguetá
Fort Western see 2Augusta see Guaratinguetá
Forum Alieni see Ferrara Freguesia do Brejo Alegre see Araguari
Forum Julii see (1) Cividale del Friuli; (2) Freiberg see P†íbor
Fréjus Freiburg see Fribourg
Forum Livii see Forlì Freiburg in Schlesien see ¡wiebodzice
Fossa Clodia see Chioggia Freienwalde see Chociwel
Foucauld see Souk Jemaâ Oulad Abbou Frei Paulo (town, northeastern Brazil) : to 1944
Fountain Colony see Colorado Springs São Paulo
Fourth Creek see Statesville Freistadt see (1) Fry§tát; (2) Hlohovec
Fraidorf see Novoselivs’ke Freiwaldau see Jeseník
France (republic, western Europe) : formerly Freixo (village, north central Portugal) : Roman
Gaul; Roman Gallia (The historical name is Longobriga (This Freixo must be distinguished
now generally applied to France, although it from the village of the same name northwest
originally denoted a wider region, extending of Braga and from Freixo de Espada á Cinta, to
over modern France and Belgium, with parts the east.)
of Germany and the Netherlands, and at one Fréjus (town, southeastern France) : Roman
time also part of northern Italy.) Forum Julii
Franciade see St.-Denis French Guiana (department, northeastern South
Francisco Morazán (department, south central America) : [French Guyane Française]
Honduras) : to 1943 Tegucigalpa French Guinea see Guinea
Franconia (region, south central Germany) : French Somaliland see Djibouti
[German Franken] French Sudan see Mali
Franken see Franconia Frenchtown see 2Monroe
Frankenstein see ZRbkowice ¡lRskie Freudenthal see Bruntál
Frankfort see Frankfurt Freystadt see (1) Kisielice; (2) Ko∞uchów
Frankfurt (city, west central Germany) : for- Fribourg (town, western Switzerland) : German
merly traditional English Frankfort (The for- Freiburg; Italian Friburgo
mer spelling was current both for this city, in Friburgo see Fribourg
full Frankfurt am Main, and its namesake in Friedau see Ormo±
 71 Galgóc

Friedeberg see Strzelce Krajeüskie Fuenterrabia (city, northwestern Spain) : Basque

Friedeck-Friedberg see Frï dek-Místek Hondarribia; formerly English Fontarabia
Friedenfeld see 1Komsomol’skoye Fuerte Constitucional see Mercedes
Friedland see (1) Frï dlant; (2) Mieroszów; Fukuyama see Matsumae
(3) Pravdinsk Fulginium see Foligno
Friedrichshain (town, eastern Germany) : Fulton (town, Missouri, central United States) :
1930s–1945 Horst Wessel Stadt (Friedrichshain originally Volney
is now a district of Berlin.) Fundi see Fondi
Friedrichstadt see Jaunjelgava Fünf kirchen see Pécs
Friedrich-Wilhelmshafen see Madang Furmanov (city, western Russia) : to 1941 Sereda
Friendly Islands see Tonga Furmanovka see Moyynkum
Friendship see Elkton Furmanovo see Zhalpaktal
Frisches Haff see Vistula Lagoon Furneaux Island see Marutea North
Friuli see Udine Furnes see Veurne
Frobisher Bay see Iqaluit Fürstenfelde see Boleszkowice
Frohenbruck an der Lainsitz see Veselí nad Furukamappu see Yuzhno-Kuril’sk
Lu±nicí Fusine in Valromana (village, northern Italy) :
Frombork (town, northern Poland) : to 1918, to 1918 German Weissenfels
1938–1945 German Frauenburg Fuzhou (city, southeastern China) : conventional
Fronteiras (city, northeastern Brazil) : to 1944 English Foochow
Socorro Füzuli (town, southern Azerbaijan) : (Russian
Frontera (town, southeastern Mexico) : formerly Fizuli); to 1959 Russian Karyagino
Álvaro Obregón Gaberones see Gabarone
Frosinone (town, central Italy) : Roman Frusino Gabès (town, southeastern Tunisia) : Roman
1
Frunze (town, western Kyrgyzstan) : to 1940 Tacape
Kadamshay Gablonz an der Neisse see Jablonec nad Nisou
2
Frunze (town, eastern Ukraine) : 1910–1930 Gaborone (city, southeastern Botswana) : to
Sentyanivka (Russian Sentyanovka); to 1910 1969 Gaberones
Novoselivka (Russian Novosyolovka) Gabrova see Gabrovo
Frunze see Bishkek Gabrovo (city, north central Bulgaria) : to 1878
Frunzens’ke (town, southern Ukraine) (Russian Turkish Gabrova
Frunzenskoye); to 1944 Partenit Gabú (town, northwestern Guinea-Bissau) : for-
Frunzenskoye see (1) Frunzens’ke; (2) Pülgön merly Portuguese Nova Lamego
Frunzensky see Frunzens’kyy Gades see Cádiz
Frunzens’kyy (town, east central Ukraine) : Gadir see Cádiz
(Russian Frunzensky); to c.1935 Kam’yanka Gadsden (city, Alabama, southeastern United
(Russian Kamenka) (The town is now a suburb States) : originally Double Springs
of Dnipropetrovs’k.) Gaeta (town, western Italy) : Roman Caieta
Frunzivka (town, southwestern Ukraine) : (Rus- Gafsa (town, west central Tunisia) : Roman
sian Frunzovka); to 1926 Zakharivka (Russian Capsa
Zakharovka) Gafurov see Ghafurov
1
Frunzovka see Frunzivka Gagarin (town, western Russia) : to 1968
Frusino see Frosinone Gzhatsk
2
Frï dek-Místek (city, eastern Czech Republic) : Gagarin (town, eastern Uzbekistan) : to 1974
1939–1945 German Friedeck-Friedberg (The Yerzhar
twin towns of Frï dek, in Silesia, and Místek, Gago Coutinho see Lumbala N’guimbo
in Moravia, were united as a single city in Gaillard Cut (section of Panama Canal, central
1960. Místek was known as Friedberg to 1918.) Panama) : to 1913 Culebra Cut
Frï dlant (town, northern Czech Republic) : to Gaillimh see Galway
1918, 1938–1945 German Friedland Galanta (town, northwestern Slovakia) : to 1918,
Fry§tát (town, eastern Czech Republic) : 1939– 1938–1945 Hungarian Galánta
1945 German Freistadt; 1918–1919, 1938–1939 Galánta see Galanta
Polish Frysztat; to 1918 German Freistadt (The Gala´i (city, southeastern Romania) : 1939–1945
town is now part of Karviná.) German Galatz
Frysztat see Fry§tát Galatz see Gala´i
Frï valdov see Jeseník Galgóc see Hlohovec
Galich 72

Galich see Halych Gariannum see Burgh Castle

1
Galicia (historical region, east central Europe) : Garmo, Mt. see Ismoili Somoni, Peak
1919–1939 Polish Halicz (The former Austrian Garonne (river, southwestern France) : Roman
crown land was the scene of much fighting in Garumna
World War I.) Garray (village, north central Spain) : Roman
2
Galicia (historical region, northwestern Spain) : Numantia
Roman Gallaecia Garrison Reservoir see Sakakawea, Lake
Galilee, Sea of (lake, northern Israel) : alternate Garumna see Garonne
biblical Lake of Gennesaret or Sea of Chinnereth Gasan-Kuli see Esenguly
or Sea of Tiberias Gascony (historic region, southwestern France) :
Gallaecia see 2Galicia Roman Vasconia
Galle (city, southern Sri Lanka) : formerly Point Gassen see Jasieü
de Galle Gastello (town, eastern Russia) : 1905–1945
Gallia see France Japanese Nairo
Gallipoli (town, northwestern Turkey) : Turkish Gasten see Gostynin
Gelibolu; ancient Greek Callipolis (The English Gatchina (city, western Russia) : 1929–1944
name has been in common use since World Krasnogvardeysk; 1923–1929 Trotsk
War I, when the peninsula here was the scene Gatooma see Kadoma
of determined Turkish resistance to Allied Gaul see France
forces. This Gallipoli should not be confused Gauteng (province, northeastern South Africa) :
with the town of the same name in southeast- April–December 1994 Pretoria-Witwatersrand-
ern Italy, also anciently known as Callipolis. Vaal
Modern references to the Turkish town mostly Gavarr (town, central Armenia) : formerly Kamo;
use the Turkish name.) to 1959 Nor-Bayazet
Galt (city, Ontario, southeastern Canada) : to Gavren see Milkovitsa
1827 Shade’s Mills (In 1973 Galt merged with Gavrilovka see Taldykorgan
Hespeler and Preston to form the new city of Gavrilovsky Zavod see Druzhkivka
Cambridge.) Gaya see Kyjov
Galway (town, western Ireland) : Irish Gaillimh Gaza (city, northern Gaza Strip) : [Arabic Ghaz-
Gameti see Rae Lakes zah]
Gamlakarleby see Kokkola Gaziantep (city, south central Turkey) : to 1922
Gäncä (city, western Azerbaijan) : (Russian Aintab; earlier Hamtap (The city’s name repre-
Gyandzha); 1935–1989 Russian Kirovabad; sents the earlier name prefixed by Turkish gazi,
1918–1935 Russian Gyandzha; 1804–1918 Rus- “war veteran,” as for Famagusta.)
sian Yelizavetpol’ Gazimağusa see Famagusta
Gancheshty see Hînce£ti Gcuwa see Butterworth
Gand see Ghent Gdaüsk (city, northern Poland) : 1793–1945
Ganda (town, western Angola) : to 1980 Vila German Danzig (During the period 1920 to
Mariano Machado 1939, when Danzig, for the second time, had
Gangi (town, southern Italy) : Roman Eng yum the status of a free city, the Polish name was in
Gangra see Çankqrq use for the railroad station and by the postal
Ganko see Hanko authorities. The German name still has reso-
Gant’iadi (town, northwestern Georgia) : to nance from the period of World War II, which
1948 Russian Pilenkovo was precipitated by Poland’s refusal to accede
Ganxian see Ganzhou to Hitler’s demand in 1939 that Danzig be
Ganzhou (city, southeastern China) : 1911–1949 given to Germany.)
Ganxian Gdingen see Gdynia
Gap (town, southeastern France) : Roman Vap- Gdyel (village, northwestern Algeria) : to c.1962
incum French St.-Cloud
Gára Kritsim see Stamboliyski Gdynia (city, northern Poland) : 1940–1945
Garda (town, northern Italy) : Roman Benacus German Gotenhafen; to 1919 German Gdin-
Gardabani (town, southern Georgia) : to 1947 gen
Karayazy Gebal see Jubayl
Gardner Island see Nikumaroro Gebel Musa see Sinai, Mt.
Garg±dai (town, western Lithuania) : to 1917 Gediz (river, western Turkey) : ancient Greek
Gord± Hermus
 73 Georgsmarienhütte

Gegechkori see Martvili General Toshevo (town, northeastern Bulgaria) :

Gehlenburg see Biaùa Piska 1913–1940 Romanian Casim
Geiersberg see Letohrad General Trías (town, northern Mexico) : for-
Gela (city, southern Italy) : to 1927 Terranova di merly Santa Isabel
Sicilia General Uriburu see Zárate
Geldenaken see Jodoigne General Vargas (town, southern Brazil) : to 1944
Gelderland (province, eastern Netherlands) : São Vicente
formerly English Guelderland (The English Geneva (city, southwestern Switzerland) :
spelling was probably popularly associated [French Genève; German Genf; Italian
with the guilder, a former Dutch coin.) Ginevra]
Gelibolu see Gallipoli Geneva, Lake (southwestern Switzerland/eastern
Gelnica (town, east central Slovakia) : to 1918 France) : French Lac Léman; Roman Lacus Le-
Hungarian Gölnicbánya; to 1867 German Göll- manus
nitz Genève see Geneva
Gembloers see Gembloux Genf see Geneva
Gembloux (town, central Belgium) : French Genk (city, northeastern Belgium) : formerly
Gembloers Genck
Genabum see Orléans Gennesaret, Lake of see Galilee, Sea of
Genaro Codina (town, central Mexico) : for- Genoa (city, northwestern Italy) : [Italian
merly San Jose de la Isla Genova]; Roman Genua
Genck see Genk Genova see Genoa
Gene Autry (village, Oklahoma, south central Gent see Ghent
United States) : to 1942 Berwyn Genua see Genoa
General Alvarado see Miramar George see 3Georgetown
General Artigas (town, southeastern Paraguay) : Georgenswalde see Otradnoye
formerly Cangó Georges Clemenceau see Stidia
1
General Câmara (town, southern Brazil) : to Georgetown (city, northeastern Guyana) :
1938 Santo Amaro 1784–1812 Dutch Stabroek
2
General Daniel Cerri (town, eastern Argentina) Georgetown (town, Kentucky, east central
: formerly Cuatreros United States) : to 1790 McClelland’s Station
3
General Enrique Martínez (town, east central Georgetown (town, Washington, DC, north-
Uruguay) : to early 1930s La Charqueada eastern United States) : to 1789 George
General Enrique Mosconi (village, northern Ar- (Georgetown is one of the District of Colum-
gentina) : formerly El Chorro bia’s original three towns.)
General Freire see Muxaluando Georgetown see Janjanbureh
General Grant National Park see Kings George Town (city, western Malaysia) : occa-
Canyon National Park sionally Penang; formerly usually Pinang; origi-
Generalissimul Suvorov (village, east central nally Fort Cornwallis (The name Pinang re-
Romania) : formerly PlQine£ti mains current for the island on which the
General José de San Martín (town, northern city lies and for the state of which it is the cap-
Argentina) : formerly El Zapallar ital.)
General Lazarevo see Alfatar Georgia (republic, southwestern Asia) : [Geor-
General Paz (village, northeastern Argentina) : gian Sak’art’velo]; Roman Iberia (The Roman
formerly Caa-Catí name should not be confused with that of
General Ramón Gonzáles (town, western Bo- modern Iberia, the European peninsula occu-
livia) : formerly Chajaya pied by Spain and Portugal.)
General San Martín (town, central Argentina) : Georgi Damyanovo (village, northwestern Bul-
formerly Villa Alba (The town, southeast of garia) : to 1950 Lopusha
General Acha, should not be confused with Georgi Dimitrov see Koprinka
the cities of the same name respectively north- Georgi Traykov see Dolni Chiflik
west of Buenos Aires and in northeastern Ar- Georgiu-Dezh see Liski
gentina.) Georgiye-Osetinskoye see Nazran’
General Santos (city, southern Philippines) : to Georgsmarienhütte (city, northwestern Ger-
1954 Buayan many) : to 1856 Malbergen (The city grew
General Simón Bolívar (town, northern Mex- from the Georgs-Marien-Bergwerks- und Hüt-
ico) : formerly San Bartolo tenverein, the iron and steel works set up in
Geraardsbergen 74

1856 in the municipality of Malbergen, which Ghazaouet (town, northwestern Algeria) : to

itself became part of the future city in 1937.) c.1962 French Nemours
Geraardsbergen (town, west central Belgium) : Ghazzah see Gaza
French Grammont Ghent (city, northwestern Belgium) : [Flemish
Gerace (village, southern Italy) : ancient Greek Gent; French Gand]
Locri Epizephyrii Gheorge Gheorgiu-Dej see One£ti
Geraldton see Innisfail Gheorgeni (town, east central Romania) : to
Gerdauen see 2Zheleznodorozhny 1918, 1940–1944 Hungarian Gyerg yâszentmiklós
Gerlachovka see Gerlachovskï Peak Gherla (town, northern Romania) : 1940–1945
Gerlachovskï Peak (northern Slovakia) : early Hungarian Szamosújvár; to 1867 German Ar-
1950s Stalin Peak; to 1949 Gerlachovka menierstadt; Roman Armenopolis
German Flats see Ilion Ghistelles see Gistel
Germania see Germany Ghriss (town, northwestern Algeria) : to c.1962
Germanicopolis see Çankqrq French Thiersville
German Ocean see North Sea Giannitsa (town, northern Greece) : to 1913
German South West Africa see Namibia Turkish Yenice
Germany (republic, western Europe) : [German Giant Mountains see Riesengebirge
Deutschland]; Roman Germania (The Roman Gibson’s Pasture see Lancaster
name applied to territory east of the Rhine and Gila Bend (town, Arizona, southwestern United
north of the Danube that only approximately States) : originally Santos Apóstoles San Simón y
corresponds to the present country. It was Judas
never part of the Roman empire. Germania Gilan see Gnjilane
was also the name of the megacity planned by Gilbert Islands see Kiribati
Adolf Hitler to replace Berlin.) Gilgenburg see DRbrowno
Gernika-Lumo see Guernica Ginevra see Geneva
Gerona (city, northeastern Spain) : Catalan G.I. Petrovskogo, imeni see Horodyshche
Girona; Roman Gerunda Gippsland (region, Victoria, southeastern Aus-
Geroyskoye (village, western Russia) : to 1945 tralia) : to 1840 Caledonia Australis
German Gertlauken Girált see Giraltovce
Gertlauken see Geroyskoye Giraltovce (town, eastern Slovakia) : to 1918
Gertsa see Hertsa Hungarian Girált
Gerunda see Gerona Girard see Woodland Hills
Geryusy see Goris Girardot (city, central Colombia) : originally
Géryville see El Bayadh Pastor Montero
Gesoriacum see Boulogne Giresun (city, northeastern Turkey) : Roman
Gettysburg (town, Pennsylvania, northeastern Cerasus; earlier Pharnacia
United States) : to 1800 Gettystown Girgenti see Agrigento
Gettystown see Gettysburg Girne see Kyrenia
Getúlio Vargas (city, southern Brazil) : to 1934 Girona see Gerona
Erechim Gisborne (city, northeastern New Zealand) :
Gevaram (kibbutz, southwestern Israel) : for- Maori Turanga (The earlier name was changed
merly Kibbutz Mahar to avoid confusion with the town of Tauranga
Gevgeli see Gevgelija to the northwest.)
Gevgelija (town, southeastern Macedonia) : Gistel (town, western Belgium) : French Ghis-
1913–1941 Serbian Djevdjelija; to 1913 Turkish telles
Gevgeli Gitschin see JiVín
Geyre (village, southwestern Turkey) : ancient Giurgiu (city, southern Romania) : originally
Greek Aphrodisias Italian San Giorgio
Gha’em Shahr (city, northern Iran) : to 1980 Shahi Giza (city, northern Egypt) : [Arabic Al Gnzah]
Ghafurov (town, northern Tajikistan) : (Russian Gi∞ycko (town, northeastern Poland) : to 1945
Gafurov); 1953–1978 Sovetobod (Russian Sovet- German Lötzen
abad); to 1953 Ispisar Gjirokastër (town, southern Albania) : 1919–1921
Ghana (republic, western Africa) : to 1957 Gold modern Greek Arg yrokastron
Coast Gjoa Haven (village, Nunavut, northern Can-
Ghar al-Milh (town, northern Tunisia) : for- ada) : alternate Inuit Uqsustuq
merly Porto Farina Gladville see Wise
 75 Gombroon

Glamorgan (region, southern Wales) : Welsh Gnadenburg see Vinogradnoye

Morgannwg (In 1974 the county of Glamor- Gnadenflyur see 1Pervomayskoye
ganshire was divided into the three counties Gnaralbine see Coolgardie
Mid Glamorgan, South Glamorgan, and West Gnathia see Fasano
Glamorgan. These were abolished in 1996 but Gnesen see Gniezno
the name remains current for the present Gniezno (town, west central Poland) : 1793–
county of Vale of Glamorgan.) 1807, 1815–1919, 1939–1945 German Gnesen
Glannoventa see Ravenglass Gnjilane (village, eastern Kosovo) : to 1913 Turk-
Glan-y-Fferi see Ferryside ish Gilan
Glaris see Glarus Gobannium see Abergavenny
Glarona see Glarus Gobi (desert, central Asia) : alternate Chinese
Glarus (town, east central Switzerland) : French Shamo
Glaris; Italian Glarona Godhavn see 2Qeqertarsuaq
Glasbury (village, eastern Wales) : Welsh Y Clas- Göding see Hodonín
ar-Wy Godmanchester (town, eastern England) :
Glasgow see 1Scarborough Roman Durovigutum
Glasgow Junction see Park City Godthåb see Nuuk
Glatz see Kùodzko Godwin Austen, Mt. see K2
Gleann Dá Loch see Glendalough Godwinville see Ridgewood
Gùdbokie see Hlybokaye Goedgegun see Nhlangano
Gleiwitz see Gliwice Gökçeada (island, western Turkey) : to 1973
Glendalough (wooded valley, eastern Ireland) : Imroz; ancient Greek Imbros
Irish Gleann Dá Loch Gokpala see Mikhaylovo
Glen Ellyn (village, Illinois, north central United Golaya Snova see Golosnovka
States) : 1882–1889 Prospect Park; 1851–1882 Goldap see Goùdap
Danby; 1849–1851 Newton’s Station; 1835–1849 Goùdap (town, northeastern Poland) : to 1945
Stacy’s Corners; 1834–1835 DuPage Center; to German Goldap
1834 Babcock’s Grove (The name changes mark Goldberg see Zùotoryja
the village’s seven stages of development from Gold Coast see Ghana
the year of its founding in 1833.) Golden Khersonese see Malay Peninsula
Glens Falls (town, New York, northeastern Goldingen see Kuldnga
United States) : to 1788 Wing’s Falls Goleniów (town, northwestern Poland) : to 1945
Glenview (village, Illinois, north central United German Gollnow
States) : to 1895 Oak Glen; formerly Hutchings; Golfe de Gascogne see Biscay, Bay of
earlier The Grove; originally South Northfield Golfe du Lion see Lion, Golfe du
(The village is now a suburb of Chicago.) Golfo de Vizcaya see Biscay, Bay of
Glevum see Gloucester Golgotha see Calvary
Gliwice (city, southwestern Poland) : to 1945 Goliad (town, Texas, southern United States) : to
German Gleiwitz 1829 Nuestra Señora del Espíritu Santo Zuñiga
Glogau see Gùogów Göllnitz see Gelnica
Gùogów (city, southwestern Poland) : to 1945 Gollnow see Goleniów
German Glogau Gölnicbánya see Gelnica
Gùogówek (town, southern Poland) : to 1945 Golodnaya Step’ see Guliston
German Oberglogau Golosnovka (village, western Russia) : to c.1938
Gloucester (city, west central England) : Roman Golaya Snova
Glevum Golovnina (village, eastern Russia) : 1905–1945
Gloversville (town, New York, northeastern Japanese Tomari
United States) : to 1832 Kingsboro Golubovka see Komisarivka
Gùubczyce (town, southwestern Poland) : to Golubovsky Rudnik see 1Kirovs’k
1945 German Leobschütz Golyama Kutlovitsa see Montana
Glubokaya see Hlyboka Golyam Bratan see Bratan
Glubokoye see Hlybokaye Goly Karamysh see 2Krasnoarmeysk
Gùuchoùazy (town, southern Poland) : to 1945 Golyshi see Vetluzhsky
German Ziegenhals Golyshmanovo (town, southern Russia) : to
Glynebwy see Ebbw Vale 1948 Katyshka
Gmünd see Teské Velenice Gombroon see Bandar Abbas
Good Hope, Cape of 76

Good Hope, Cape of (southwestern South Gornyak (town, southern Russia) : to 1946 Zolo-
Africa) : originally Cape of Storms (The cape is tushino
said to have been first named, as Portuguese Gornyak see Hirnyk
Cabo Tormentoso, by its discoverer in 1488, Gorodenka see Horodenka
Bartholomeu Dias. The present name, Por- Gorodishche see (1) Horodyshche; (2) Marha-
tuguese Cabo da Boa Esperança, is generally nets’
stated to have been given soon after by John II Gorodishche-Shevchenkovskoye see Horo-
of Portugal, but may really have been given by dyshche
Dias himself. See also Cape Province.) Gorodok see (1) Horodok; (2) Zakamensk
Gopher Creek see Virden Gorodovikovsk (town, southwestern Russia) : to
Góra (town, western Poland) : to 1945 German 1971 Bashanta
Guhrau Gorokhov see Horokhiv
Goranboy (town, west central Azerbaijan) : for- Gorongosa (village, central Mozambique) : to
merly Russian Shaumyanovsk; to 1938 Russian 1980 Portuguese Vila Paiva de Andrada
Nizhny Agdzhakend Górowo Iùaweckie (town, northeastern Poland) :
ǴorVe Petrov (town, northern Macedonia) : to 1945 German Landsberg
1913–1941 Serbian Djeneral Hanri Gorsko-Ivanovskoye see Hirs’ke
Gordion see Yassqhüyük Gorskoye see Hirs’ke
Gordium see Yassqhüyük Goryacheistochnenskaya (village, southwestern
Gord± see Garg±dai Russia) : to c.1940 Goryachevodsk (The health
Gorey (town, southeastern Ireland) : Irish Guaire resort’s name was changed from general “hot
GorgIn (city, northern Iran) : to 1930s Asterabad water” to specific “hot springs.”)
(The modern name is also that of the former Goryachevodsk see Goryacheistochnenskaya
province here known to the Romans as Hyrca- Görz see Gorizia
nia.) Gorzów Wielkopolski (city, western Poland) : to
Gorgeana see 2York 1945 German Landsberg an der Warthe
Gorinets see Horyniec Górzyca (town, western Poland) : to 1945 Ger-
Goris (city, southwestern Armenia) : to 1924 man Göritz
Geryusy Goskopi see Kopeysk
Göritz see Górzyca GospiW (town, western Croatia) : to 1867 Ger-
Gorizia (city, northeastern Italy) : to 1919 Ger- man Gospich
man Görz (In 1947 Yugoslavia gained the Gospich see GospiW
northern part of the town and named it Nova Gostingen see Gostyü
Gorica, “new Gorizia.” In World War I the Gostinopolye see Volkhov
town was the scene of an Italian victory over Gostyn see Gostyü
Austrian forces in 1916.) Gostyü (town, western Poland) : 1939–1945
Görkau see Jirkov German Gostingen; 1793–1807, 1815–1919 Ger-
Gor’ky see Nizhny Novgorod man Gostyn
Gor’ky-Pavlovy see Kaminsky Gostynin (town, central Poland) : 1940–1945
Görlitz-Moys see Zgorzelec German Gasten
Gorlovka see Horlivka Göteborg (city, southwestern Sweden) : tradi-
Gorna Dzhumaya see Blagoevgrad tional English Gothenburg
Gornja Radgona (town, northeastern Slovenia) : Gotenhafen see Gdynia
1941–1944 German Ober-Radkersburg (Gornja Gotera see San Francisco Gotera
Radgona lies on the Mura River opposite the Gothenburg see Göteborg
Austrian town of Bad Radkersburg.) Gotnya see 1Proletarsky
Gorno-Altay see Altay Gotse Delchev (town, southwestern Bulgaria) :
Gorno-Altaysk (city, southern Russia) : 1932– to 1950 Nevrokop
1948 Oyrot-Tura; to 1932 Ulala Gotsev Vrukh (mountain, southwestern Bul-
Gorno Derekoi see Momchilovtsi garia) : to 1953 Alibotush (The peak is on the
1
Gornozavodsk (town, eastern Russia) : 1905– border with Greece, where it is known as Ali
1945 Japanese Naihoro Boutous.)
2
Gornozavodsk (town, west central Russia) : to Gottesberg see Boguszów
1965 Novopashiysky Gottesgab see Bo±í Dar
Gorny (village, southeastern Russia) : to 1965 Gottschee see KoVevje
Solnechny Gottwaldov see Zlín
 77 Gresford

Gotval’d see Zmiyiv Great Britain (kingdom, western Europe) :

Governador Valadares (city, southeastern Brazil) alternate colloquial Britain; Roman Britan-
: to 1939 Figueira nia; earlier Albion (Roman Britannia strictly
Gowanbank (village, eastern Scotland) : for- applied to modern England, Wales, and
merly Colliston (The village was presumably Scotland south of the Antonine Wall, which
renamed to avoid confusion with Collieston, extended from the Forth River in the east to
north of Aberdeen.) the Clyde in the west. Great Britain is itself
Gower (peninsula, southern Wales) : Welsh Gŵyr the largest and main part of the United King-
Gower Road see Gowerton dom. The colloquial name is associated with
Gowerton (town, southern Wales) : Welsh Tre- the 1940 Battle of Britain between German
gŵyr; to 1886 Gower Road and British air forces, intended by Hitler as a
Gracias see Lempira preliminary to his planned invasion of
Gräfenberg see Láznfi Jeseník Britain.)
Graham Land see Antarctic Peninsula Greater St. Lucia Wetlands Park see iSiman-
Graham Peninsula see Antarctic Peninsula galiso Wetlands Park
Grama see São Sebastião da Grama Great Falls see Somersworth
Grammont see Geraardsbergen Great Fish River see Back River
Gran see Esztergom Great Grimsby see Grimsby
Gran Canaria (island, central Canary Islands, Great Haystack see Lafayette, Mt.
Spain) : traditional English Grand Canary Great Salt Lake City see Salt Lake City
Grand Bassa see Buchanan Great Whale River see Kuujjuarapik
Grand-Brûlé see Laterrière Great Yarmouth see Yarmouth
Grand Canary see Gran Canaria Grebyonka see Hrebinka
Grand Chute see Appleton Grebyonkovsky see Hrebinka
Grande Comore see Njazidja Greece (republic, southern Europe) : [modern
Grande Prairie see 2Grand Forks Greek Ellás]; ancient Greek Hellas
Grand Falls see Churchill Falls Greeley (city, Colorado, west central United
1
Grand Forks (city, North Dakota, northern States) : originally Union Colony
United States) : originally Les Grandes Fourches Green Bay (city, Wisconsin, northern United
2
Grand Forks (town, British Columbia, south- States) : originally La Baye
western Canada) : to 1897 Grande Prairie Greenbriar see Parma
Grandport see Ecorse Greenfield (village, northeastern Wales) : Welsh
Grand Rapids see Wisconsin Rapid Maes-glas
Granite Creek see Mareeba Greenland (island, northeastern North America)
Granville see Vancouver : [Danish Grønland; Greenlandic Kalaallit
Graslitz see Kraslice Nunaat]
Grassholm (island, southwestern Wales) : Welsh Green’s Bluff see 3Orange
Gwales Green’s Shore see Summerside
1
Grassy Mountain see Oglethorpe, Mt. Greenville (city, North Carolina, eastern United
Gråsten (town, southern Denmark) : formerly States) : to 1786 Martinsborough
2
German Gravenstein Greenville (city, South Carolina, southeastern
Gratianopolis see Grenoble United States) : to 1821 Pleasantburg
Gratz see Graz Greenwood (town, Mississippi, southeastern
Grätz see Grodzisk Wielkopolski United States) : to 1844 Williams Landing
Graubünden (canton, eastern Switzerland) : Greifenberg see Gryfice
French Grisons; Italian Grigioni Greifenhagen see Gryfino
Graudenz see GrudziRdz Greiffenberg see Gryfów ¡lRski
Graupius Mons see Bennachie Grelibre see Grenoble
Grave Creek see Moundsville Grenoble (city, southeastern France) : 1793 Gre-
Gravelly Bay see Port Colborne libre; Roman Gratianopolis (The Revolutionary
Gravenstein see Gråsten name replaced an aristocratic noble with an
Grays Harbor (county, Washington, northwest- egalitarian libre, “free.”)
ern United States) : to 1915 Chehalis Grenville Island see Rotuma
Graz (city, southeastern Austria) : formerly Gratz Gresffordd see Gresford
Great Barrier Island (northeastern New Gresford (town, northeastern Wales) : Welsh
Zealand) : Maori Aotea Gresffordd
Gretna 78

Gretna (town, Louisiana, southern United Gross-Müllen see Mielno

States) : to 1913 Mechanicsham Gross-Opatowitz see Velké Opatovice
Greyerz see Gruyères Gross-Pawlowitz see Velké Pavlovice
Greymouth (town, western New Zealand) : for- Gross-Popowitz see Velké Popovice
merly Greytown; earlier Blaketown, originally Gross-Priesen see Velké B†ezno
Crescent City Gross-Salze see Wielicka
Greystones (town, eastern Ireland) : Irish Na Gross-Schönau see Velkï ¶enov
Clocha Liatha Gross-Skaisgirren see Bolshakovo
Greytown see Greymouth Gross-Steffelsdorf see Rimavská Sobota
Griffintown see Smithville Gross-Strehlitz see Strzelce
Grigioni see Graubünden Gross-Ullersdorf see Velké Losiny
Grimm see Kamensky Grosswardein see Oradea
Grimsby (town, eastern England) : from 1979 Gross-Wartenberg see Syców
officially Great Grimsby (The formal name dis- Grosulovo see Velyka Mykhaylivka
tinguishes the town from the nearby village of Grottau an der Niesse see Hrádek nad Nisou
Little Grimsby.) Grottkau see Grodków
Grimshader (village, Western Isles, northwestern Grover see Tiltonsville
Scotland) : Gaelic Griomaisiader Groves (town, Texas, southern United States) :
Griomaisiader see Grimshader originally Pecan Grove
Grise Fiord (village, Nunavut, northern Canada) Grovesend (village, southern Wales) : Welsh
: alternate Inuit Aujuittuq Pengelli
Grishino see Krasnoarmiys’k Grozdyovo (village, eastern Bulgaria) : 1934–
Grisons see Graubünden 1950 Rakovets; to 1878 Turkish Köprüköy
Grobin see Grobiņa Grubeshov see Hrubieszów
Grobiņa (town, western Latvia) : (Russian Grudovo see Sredets
Grobinya); to 1918 Russian Grobin GrudziRdz (city, north central Poland) : 1772–
Grobinya see Grobiņa 1919, 1939–1945 German Graudenz
Gródek Jagielloüski see Horodok Grukhi see Novovyatsk
Grodekovo see Pogranichny Grumbkowfelde see Pravdino
Grodisk see Grodzisk Mazowiecki Grumbkowkeiten see Pravdino
Grodków (town, southwestern Poland) : to 1945 Grumento Nova (village, southern Italy) :
German Grottkau Roman Grumentum
Grodno see Hrodna Grumentum see Grumento Nova
Grodzisk Mazowiecki (town, east central Grunau see Je∞ów
Poland) : to 1915 Russian Grodisk Grünberg see Zielona Góra
Grodzisk Wielkopolski (town, western Poland) Grünfelde see Stdbark
: to 1945 German Grätz Grünheide see Kaluzhskoye
Grønland see Greenland Grunwald see Stdbark
Grosmont (village, eastern Wales) : Welsh Y Grushka see 1Ul’yanovka
Grysmwnt Grüssau see Krzeszów
Gross-Bitesch see Velká Bíte§ Gruyères (town, western Switzerland) : German
Grossdale see Brookfield Greyerz
Grossdirschkeim see 1Donskoye Gruzitsino see Krasny Profintern
Grossendorf bei Putzig see Wielka Wie¢ Gryfice (town, northwestern Poland) : to 1945
Grosse Pointe see Evanston German Greifenberg
Grosse Pointe Woods (town, Michigan, north- Gryfino (town, northwestern Poland) : to 1945
ern United States) : to 1939 Lochmoor (The German Greifenhagen
town, one of five named Grosse Pointe, is now Gryfów ¡lRski (town, southwestern Poland) : to
a residential suburb of Detroit.) 1945 German Greiffenberg
Grosshammer see Velké Hamry Guachalla (town, western Bolivia) : to c.1945 Il-
Grossheidekrug see 1Vzmor’ye abaya
Grosskanischa see Nagykanizsa Guaçuí (city, southeastern Brazil) : to 1944 Por-
Gross-Karlowitz see Velké Karlovice tuguese Siqueiro Campos
Grosskarol see Carei Guadalajara (city, central Spain) : Roman Arri-
Gross-Lindenau see Ozyorki aca
Gross-Meseritsch see Velké Mezi†íVí Guadalupe see Canelones
 79 Güssing

Guadalupe Hidalgo see Gustavo A. Madero 1980 Portuguese Vila Alferes Chamusca; to 1964
Guaíba (city, southern Brazil) : to c.1925 Portu- Portuguese Caniçado
guese Pedras Brancas Guijá see Chókwé
Guaire see Gorey Guilford (town, Connecticut, northeastern
Guanahani see 1San Salvador United States) : to 1643 Menunketuck
Guangzhou see 1Canton Guilherme Capelo see Cacongo
Guantánamo (city, eastern Cuba) : to 1843 Santa Guilsfield (village, eastern Wales) : Welsh Cegidfa
Catalina del Saltadero del Guaso Guinea (republic, western Africa) : to 1958
Guapó (town, east central Brazil) : to 1944 Por- French Guinea
tuguese Ribeirão Guinea-Bissau (republic, western Africa) : to
Guaporé see 1Rondônia 1973 Portuguese Guinea
Guarani see Pacajus Guiratinga (town, western Brazil) : 1939–1943
Guaratinguetá (city, southeastern Brazil) : origi- Portuguese Lajeado; to 1939 Portuguese Santa
nally Freguesia de Santo Antônio de Rita do Araguaia
Guaratinguetá Gukasyan see Ashots’k’
Guaraúna (town, southern Brazil) : to 1944 Por- Gulbahor (town, northeastern Uzbekistan) : to
tuguese Valinhos 1977 Kirda
Guarulhos (city, southeastern Brazil) : originally Gulbene (town, northeastern Latvia) : to 1918
Nossa Senhora da Conceição dos Guarulhos German Schwanenburg (Under German rule,
Guastatoya see El Progreso the town was properly Altschwanenburg, “Old
Guayama (town, southeastern Puerto Rico) : Schwanenburg,” as against the village of
originally San Antonio de Padua de Guayama Neuschwanenburg, “New Schwanenburg,” now
Guayaquil (city, southwestern Ecuador) : origi- Jaungulbene, 10 miles to the southwest.)
nally Santiago de Guayaquil Gulcha-Guzar see Gülchö
Gubadag (town, northern Turkmenistan) : Gülchö (town, southern Kyrgyzstan) : to 1938
formerly Russian Tel’mansk; to 1938 Taza- Gulcha-Guzar
Kala Gulf, The see Persian Gulf
Gubbio (town, central Italy) : Medieval Latin Gulf of Chihli see Bo Hai
Eugubium; Roman Iguvium Gulf of Lions see Lion, Golfe du
Guben (city, eastern Germany) : 1961–1990 Wil- Gulistan see Guliston
helm-Pieck-Stadt Guliston (city, east central Uzbekistan) : (Rus-
Gubin (town, western Poland) : to 1945 German sian Gulistan); c.1905–1961 Mirzachul (Russian
Guben (The town was originally part of the Golodnaya Step’); to c.1905 Russian Dukhovsky
German city of Guben, but came under Polish Gumbinnen see Gusev
administration when East Germany was di- Gumpolds see Humpolec
vided along the Oder River in 1945.) Gum Pond see Tupelo
Gubkin (town, western Russia) : to 1939 Korob- Gum Springs see Shawnee
kovo Gümülcine see Komotiní
Guchkovo see Dedovsk Gundorovka see Donetsk
Güeciapam see Ahuachapán Güns see Kâszeg
Guelderland see Gelderland Gurkfeld see Kr§ko
Guened see Vannes Gurkovo (town, southeastern Bulgaria) : to 1878
Guernica (town, northern Spain) : Basque Turkish Gyavur Kuyusu
Gernika-Lumo (The Basque name is the equiv- Guruve (town, northern Zimbabwe) : 1980–1982
alent of Spanish Guernica y Luno, “Guernica Chipuriro; to 1980 Sipolilo (The two former
and Luno,” the latter being the surrounding names are really one and the same.)
district with which the original town was Gur’yev see Atyrau
united as a municipality in 1882.) Gur’yevsk (town, western Russia) : to 1945 Ger-
Guernsey (island, Channel Islands, southern man Neuhausen
United Kingdom) : Roman Sarnia (The Gusev (city, western Russia) : to 1945 German
Roman name has also been assigned to the Gumbinnen
smaller island of Herm, east of Guernsey.) Gusevka see Novosibirsk
Gugark’ (village, western Armenia) : formerly Gusinoozersk (city, eastern Russia) : to 1953
Megrut Shakhty
Guhrau see Góra Güssing (town, eastern Austria) : to 1919 Hun-
Guijá (town, southern Mozambique) : 1964– garian Németújvár
Gustavo A. Madero 80

Gustavo A. Madero (city, central Mexico) : to Hadersleben see Haderslev

1931 Guadalupe Hidalgo (The city, now a part Haderslev (city, southwestern Denmark) : 1864–
of Mexico City, gave its name to the 1848 1920 German Hadersleben
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, ending the Hadjadj (village, northwestern Algeria) : to
Mexican War.) c.1962 French Bosquet
Gusyatin see Husyatyn Hadjout (town, northern Algeria) : to c.1962
Gúta see Kolárovo French Marengo
Gutenfeld see Dobru§ka Hadranum see Adrano
Guttentag see Dobrodzieü Hadrumetum see Sousse
Guttstadt see Dobre Miasto Haemus see Balkan Mountains
Guyana (republic, northern South America) : to Hafren see Severn
1966 British Guiana Hagerstown (city, Maryland, northeastern
Guyane Française see French Guiana United States) : to 1814 Elizabethtown
Guyotville see Aïn Benian Hagioi Saranta see Saranda
Guysborough (village, Nova Scotia, eastern Hague, The (city, southwestern Netherlands) :
Canada) : to 1901 Chedabucto [Dutch ’s-Gravenhage] (The formal Dutch
Güzelhisar see Aydqn name has a shorter common form Den Haag.)
Gvardeysk (town, western Russia) : to 1945 Ger- Hahndorf (town, South Australia, southern Aus-
man Tapiau tralia) : 1918–1935 Ambleside
Gvardeyskoye see (1) 2Chornomors’ke; Hailar (city, northeastern China) : 1910–1947
(2) 1,2Hvardiys’ke Hulun
Gvozdev Islands see Diomede Islands Hainaut (province, southwestern Belgium) :
Gwales see Grassholm Flemish Henegouwen
Gwelo see Gweru Haindorf see Hejnice
Gwenfô see Wenvoe Hainspach see Lipová
Gweru (city, southwestern Zimbabwe) : to 1982 Haiti (republic, central West Indies) : to 1802
Gwelo French St.-Domingue (See also Hispaniola.)
Gwy see Wye Hakkâri (city, southeastern Turkey) : formerly
Gŵyr see Gower Çölemerik
Gyachrypsh (village, northwestern Georgia) : Hal see Halle
1944–1992 Leselidze; to 1944 Russian Yermo- πalab see Aleppo
lovsk Halbstadt see Mezimfistí
Gyanafalva see Jennersdorf Halden (town, southeastern Norway) : 1665–
Gyandzha see Gäncä 1928 Swedish Fredrikshald
G.Ya. Sedova, imeni see Syedove Halfmoon Bay see Oban
Gyavur Kuyusu see Gurkovo Half way Village see Eastpointe
Gyergyâszentmiklós see Gheorgeni Halicarnassus see Bodrum
Gyâr (city, northwestern Hungary) : to 1867 Halicz see (1) 1Galicia; (2) Halych
German Raab; Roman Arrabona Hall Beach (village, Nunavut, northern Canada)
Gyârszentmárton see Pannonhalma : alternate Inuit Sanirajak
Gyulafehérvár see Alba Iulia Halle (town, central Belgium) : French Hal
Gyumri (city, northwestern Armenia) : 1924– Hallerowo see Wielka Wie¢
1990 Russian Leninakan; 1840–1924 Russian Hallowell see 1Picton
Aleksandropol’; to 1840 Kumayri (The earliest Halmahera (island, northeastern Indonesia) :
name, from which the present name evolved in formerly Djailolo
a corrected form, remains current for the city’s Halq el Oued (town, northern Tunisia) : for-
historical center.) merly French La Goulette
Gyumyurdzhina see Komotiní Halych (town, western Ukraine) : (Russian
Gzhatsk see 1Gagarin Galich); 1919–1939 Polish Halicz
Haapsalu (town, western Estonia) : to 1918 Ger- Halys see Kqzqlqrmak
man Hapsal Hama (city, western Syria) : ancient Greek
Habelschwerdt see Bystrzyca Kùodzka Epiphania
Habitancum see Risingham Hamadan (city, western Iran) : ancient Greek
Hacieles see P≠rvomay Ecbatana
Hackensack (city, New Jersey, northeastern Hamadia (town, northern Algeria) : to c.1962
United States) : to 1921 New Barbadoes French Victor Hugo
 81 Haut-Zaïre

Hämeenlinna (city, southern Finland) : to 1809 Hansa see Corupá

Swedish Tavastehus Hanumangarh (city, northwestern India) : to
Hamelin see Hameln 1805 Bhatner
Hameln (city, north central Germany) : tradi- Hanya see Canea
tional English Hamelin Hapsal see Haapsalu
Hamqdabad see Isparta Haran (village, southeastern Turkey) : Roman
1
Hamilton (city, Ohio, north central United Carrhae
States) : originally Fairfield (In 1986 the city Harare (city, north central Zimbabwe) : 1897–
added an exclamation point to its name as 1982 Salisbury; originally Fort Salisbury
Hamilton! in a bid to draw attention to itself, Harbin (city, northeastern Russia) : 1932–1945
although the addition was not widely or even Japanese Pinkiang
officially adopted.) Hardenberg’s Corners see 1Auburn
2
Hamilton (city, Ontario, southeastern Canada) Hardscrabble see Streator
: to 1815 Burlington Bay Hargreaves see Bryson
Hamilton see Churchill Haridwar (city, northern India) : originally
Hamina (town, southeastern Finland) : to 1809 Kapila
Swedish Fredrikshamn Harlem see Forest Park
Hammerstein see Czarne Harmanli see Kharmanli
Hammond (city, Indiana, north central United Harmonie see New Harmony
States) : to 1873 State Line; originally Hohman Harmsfontein see Carnarvon
Hamônia see Ibirama Harper (town, southeastern Liberia) : to 1857
Hampden see Murchison Cape Palmas
Hampton see Ruth Harper see Costa Mesa
Hamtap see Gaziantep Harrington see 2Augusta
Hamza (town, northeastern Uzbekistan) : (Rus- Harris see Isle of Lewis
sian Khamza); 1963–1974 Russian imeni Harrisburg (city, Pennsylvania, northeastern
Khamzy Khakimzade; c.1929–1963 Russian United States) : formerly Louisbourg; to 1785
Vannovsky; to c.1929 Shakhimardan Harris’ Ferry
Hanan’s Bluff see Yazoo City Harris’ Corner see Winter Haven
Handlová (town, west central Slovakia) : for- Harris’ Ferry see Harrisburg
merly Hungarian Nyitrabánya Harrison see Scranton
Hangö see Hanko Harrodsburg (town, Kentucky, east central
Hangtown see Placerville United States) : formerly Oldtown; originally
Hanko (town, southwestern Finland) : to 1809 Harrodstown
Swedish Hangö (The Soviet naval base leased Harrodstown see Harrodsburg
from Finland here in 1940 after the Russo- Hartingsburg see Bela-Bela
Finnish War was named Ganko.) Hartley see Chegutu
Hannover see 1Hanover Harvey (city, Illinois, north central United
Hannuit see Hannut States) : originally South Lawn
Hannut (town, east central Belgium) : French Hasan Abdal (town, northern Pakistan) : for-
Hannuit merly Campbellpur
Hanoi (city, northern Vietnam) : 1428–1787 Hasei Nameche (village, northwestern Algeria) :
Chinese Dong Kinh; alternate French Tonquin, to c.1962 French Rivoli
English Tonkin or Tongking (From 1883 to Haselberg see Krasnoznamensk
1945, during the French colonial period, the Hasenpoth see Aizpute
European form of the Chinese name was ap- Hasköy see Khaskovo
1
plied to the entire region around the city.) Hastings (town, Minnesota, northern United
1
Hanover (city, northern Germany) : [German States) : originally Buckhorn
2
Hannover] (The English spelling has historical Hastings (village, Ontario, southeastern
resonance from the British royal house of Canada) : to 1847 Crook’s Rapids
Hanover, which provided six monarchs over Hatra see Al πaör
the 18th and 19th centuries, from George I to Hatzfeld see Jimbolia
Victoria.) Haussonvillers see Naciria
2
Hanover (town, Ontario, southeastern Canada) Haut-Congo see Orientale
: formerly Buck’s Bridge; originally Buck’s Hauturu see Little Barrier Island
Crossing. Haut-Zaïre see Orientale
Havana 82

Havana (city, western Cuba) : [Spanish La Ha- Hel (village, northern Poland) : 1772–1919,
bana] 1939–1945 German Hela
Havelock see (1) Bryson; (2) Bulembu Hela see Hel
Haverfordwest (town, southwestern Wales) : Helena (town, Arkansas, south central United
Welsh Hwlffordd States) : to 1821 St. Francis; originally Monti-
Haví†ov (city, eastern Czech Republic) : 1939– cello
1945 German Schlesisch-Schumbarg; 1938–1939 Helgoland see Heligoland
Polish Szumbark ¡lRski; to 1918 German Schle- Heligoland (island, eastern North Sea) : German
sisch-Schumbarg Helgoland (The English name has a historic
HavlíVkÀv Brod (city, central Czech Republic) : legacy. The island was seized by the British in
to 1918, 1939–1945 German Deutsch-Brod 1807, ceded to Germany in 1890, attacked by
(The Czech name Nfimeckï Brod, “German the Allies as a German naval stronghold in
ford,” was formerly also current as a translation World War II, and after the war used as a
of the German.) bombing range by the Royal Air Force until
Havre-St.-Pierre (village, Quebec, eastern Can- 1952, when it was returned to Germany.)
ada) : to 1930 St.-Pierre-de-la-Pointe-aux- Heliopolis (ancient city, northern Egypt) : bibli-
Esquimaux cal On; alternate biblical Beth-shemesh
Havrylivs’kyy Zavod see Druzhkivka Heliopolis see Baalbek
Hawaii (island state of United States, central Hellas see Greece
Pacific) : formerly Sandwich Islands Hellespont see Dardanelles
Hawarden (town, northeastern Wales) : Welsh Hellgate see Missoula
Penarlâg Helsingfors see Helsinki
Hayasdan see Armenia Helsingør see Elsinore
Hayden see Ampezzo Helsinki (city, southern Finland) : to 1809
Hayden’s Ferry see Tempe Swedish Helsingfors (The Swedish name was
Haynesville see Johnson City originally that of the city founded in 1550
Hay-on-Wye (town, eastern Wales) : Welsh Y north of the present city, which arose in 1640.
Gelli Gandryll The name prevailed until 1917, when Finland
Hayrabolu (town, northwestern Turkey) : 1920– gained independence from Russia.)
1922 modern Greek Khairepolis Helvetia see Switzerland
Hay River (town, Northwest Territories, central Hendy-gwyn see Whitland
Canada) : alternate Inuit Xatl’o Dehe Henegouwen see Hainaut
Head of Elk see Elkton Henkenhagen see Ustronie Morskie
Heatherwood see Edson Heraclea see (1) Ayvalqk; (2) Policoro
Heaton’s Furnace see Niles Heraclea Cybistra see 2Ereğli
Hebrides (island group, northwestern Scotland) : Heraclea Pontica see 1Ereğli
Roman Hebudae (The Roman name was ap- Heracleum see Iráklion
plied to the Inner Hebrides, and did not in- Heraklion see Iráklion
clude the Outer Hebrides or Western Isles.) Herbertshöhe see Kokopo
Hebron (town, southern West Bank) : [Arabic Al Hercegfalva see Mezâfalva
Khalnl], biblical Kiriath-Arba (The name Herceg-Novi (town, southwestern Montenegro)
Kiriath-Arba predates the better-known bibli- : to 1918 Italian Castelnuovo
cal name Hebron.) Herch-la-Ville see Herk-de-Stad
Hebudae see Hebrides Herculândia (town, southeastern Brazil) : to
Heerwegen see Polkowice 1944 Herculânia
Hefei (city, eastern China) : to 1912 Luzhou Herculaneum see Ercolano
Hegyeshalom (village, northwestern Hungary) : Herculânia see (1) Coxim; (2) Herculândia
to 1867 German Strass-Sommerein Herdonia see Ordona
Hei Chiang see Black River Heredia (town, central Costa Rica) : formerly
Heidekrug see ¶ilutc Villavieja; originally Cubujuquí
Heiligenbeil see Mamonovo Heretaunga see Hutt
Heilsberg see Lidzbark Warmiüski Héristal see Herstal
Heinrichswalde see Slavsk Herk-de-Stad (town, east central Belgium) :
Heisternest see Jastarnia French Herch-la-Ville
Hejnice (town, northern Czech Republic) : to Herm see Guernsey
1918, 1939–1945 German Haindorf Hermannsbad see Ciechocinek
 83 Hoggar

Hermannstadt see Sibiu Himarë (town, southern Albania) : 1919–1921

Hermanus (town, southwestern South Africa) : modern Greek Kheimarra
to 1904 Hermanuspietersfontein Hînce£ti (town, south central Moldova) : for-
Hermanuspietersfontein see Hermanus merly Russian Kotovsk; 1940–1965 Russian Ko-
Hermon, Mt. (ridge, southern Lebanon) : Ara- tovskoye; to 1940 Gancheshty
bic Jabal ash-Shaykh (The ridge is mentioned Hindenburg see Zabrze
several times in the Bible, where it is also H.I. Petrovs’koho, imeny see Horodyshche
called Senir or Sirion, and the three names may Hippo Diarrhytus see Bizerta
have originally been those of the mountain Hipponium see Vibo Valentia
cluster’s three main peaks.) Hippo Regius see Annaba
Hermopolis Magna see Al Ashmunein Hippo Zarytus see Bizerta
Hermopolis Parva see Damanhur Hirnyk (town, eastern Ukraine) : (Russian
Hermsdorf see Sobidcin Gornyak); to 1958 Sotshorodok (Russian Sots-
Hermus see Gediz gorodok)
Hernandarias (town, eastern Paraguay) : for- Hirochi see Pravda
merly Tacurupucú Hirschberg see Jelenia Góra
Heroica Ciudad de Tlaxiaco see Tlaxiaco Hirs’ke (town, eastern Ukraine) : (Russian
Heroica Matamoros see Matamoros Gorskoye); to c.1940 Hirs’ko-Ivanivs’ke (Russian
Heroica Puebla de Zaragoza see Puebla Gorsko-Ivanovskoye)
Herriott’s Falls see Lakefield Hirs’ko-Ivanivs’ke see Hirs’ke
Herrnstadt see WRsosz Hispalis see Seville
Herstal (town, eastern Belgium) : French Hispania see Spain
Héristal Hispaniola (island, central West Indies) : for-
Her´a see Hertsa merly Spanish Española (The French name St.-
Hertsa (town, western Ukraine) : (Russian Domingue, now usually associated with Haiti,
Gertsa); to 1940 Romanian Her´a which occupies the western third of Hispan-
Hervey Island see 1Manuae iola, was sometimes also applied to the entire
Hesperides see BanghIzn island, of which the eastern two thirds are now
Hespeler (town, Ontario, southeastern Canada) : occupied by the Dominican Republic, with
to 1858 Berg ytown (In 1973 Hespeler com- capital Santo Domingo.)
bined with two other towns, Galt and Preston, Histonium see Vasto
to form the new city of Cambridge.) Hizaori see 2Asaka
Hesse (state, central Germany) : [German Hlohovec (town, western Slovakia) : to 1918
Hessen] Hungarian Galgóc; to 1867 German Freistadt
Hessen see Hesse HluVín (town, eastern Czech Republic) : to 1919,
Heydebreck see Kddzierzyn-KoØle 1938–1945 German Hultschin
Hezargrad see Razgrad Hlyboka (town, southwestern Ukraine) : (Rus-
Hibernia see Ireland sian Glubokaya); 1919–1940 Romanian Adîn-
Hickory see 1Warren cata
Hicks Ferry see 2Bridgetown Hlybokaye (town, northern Belarus) : (Russian
Hidalgo del Parral (city, north central Mexico) : Glubokoye); 1919–1939 Polish Gùdbokie
formerly Parral Hnú§t’a (town, south central Slovakia) : to 1918
Hiddekel see Tigris Hungarian Likér
Hierapolis see Pamukkale Ho Chi Minh City (city, southern Vietnam) : to
Hierosolyma see Jerusalem 1976 Saigon (The old name continues to have
Hierro (island, western Canary Islands, Spain) : local and popular currency, if only from the
formerly Ferro 1989 musical Miss Saigon.)
Higashi-naibuchi see Uglezavodsk Hochstadt see Vysoké nad Jizerou
Highlands see Fort Thomas Hodeida see Al Ḩudaydah
Hillsboro see Hillsborough Hodonín (town, eastern Czech Republic) : to
Hillsborough (town, North Carolina, eastern 1918, 1939–1945 German Göding
United States) : 1766–1965 Hillsboro; Hoei see Huy
1759–1766 Childsburgh; earlier Corbinton; Hoek van Holland see Hook of Holland
originally Orange Hofmeyr (town, southern South Africa) : to 1911
Hillsborough Canal Settlement see Belle Maraisburg
Glade Hoggar see Ahaggar
Hog Heaven 84

Hog Heaven see 2Moscow Hook of Holland (cape, southwestern Nether-

Hog Island see Paradise Island lands) : [Dutch Hoek van Holland] (The cape
Hohenbruck see T†ebechovice pod Orebem is named not for the country of Holland,
Hohenelbe see Vrchlabí meaning the Netherlands, but for its western,
Hohenfriedeberg see DRbromerz low-lying part, now divided into the provinces
Hohenfurth see Vy§§í Brod of North Holland and South Holland, Dutch
Hohenmauth see Vysoké Mï to Noord-Holland and Zuid-Holland.)
Hohensalza see Inowrocùaw Hoover Dam (Colorado River, Arizona/Nevada,
Hohensalzburg see Lunino western United States) : to 1947 Boulder Dam
Hohenstadt see Záb†eh Hope (village, northeastern Wales) : Yr Hôb
Hohenstein see (1) Olsztynek; (2) Pszczólki Hopeh (province, northeastern China) : to 1911
Hohhot (city, northern China) : alternate Huhe- Chihli
hot; to 1954 Kweisui (The earlier name com- Hopes Advance Bay see Aupaluk
bined those of the formerly adjacent cities Hopewell see 2Paris
Kuei-hua and Suiyuan.) Hopkinsville (city, Kentucky, east central United
Hohman see Hammond States) : to 1797 Elizabethtown
Hokkaido (island, northern Japan) : to 1869 Yezo Hopkinsville see Kirksville
Holcomb see Mundelein Horbat Qesari see Caesarea
Hole§ov (town, eastern Czech Republic) : to Horeb, Mt. see Sinai, Mt.
1918, 1939–1945 German Holleschau Horgos see Horgo§
Holman (village, Northwest Territories, north- Horgo§ (village, northern Serbia) : to 1918, 1941–
ern Canada) : alternate Inuit Uluqsaqtuua 1944 Hungarian Horgos
Holland see Netherlands Ho†ice (town, northern Czech Republic) : to
Hollandia see Jayapura 1918, 1939–1945 German Horschitz
Holleschau see Hole§ov Horlivka (city, eastern Ukraine) : (Russian
Holmgard see Veliky Novgorod Gorlovka)
Holsteinsborg see Sisimiut Horncastle (town, eastern England) : Roman
Holt City see Lake Louise Bannovalium (A case has been made for locat-
Holubivka see Komisarivka ing the named Roman settlement at the mod-
Holubivs’kyy Rudnyk see 1Kirovs’k ern town of Caistor, 25 miles to the north, but
Holy Cross, Mount of the (peak, Colorado, the identification given here is generally pre-
west central United States) : 1929–1950 Holy ferred, if only because Celtic Banno- means
Cross National Monument “horn.”)
Holy Cross National Monument see Holy Hornell (town, New York, northeastern United
Cross, Mount of the States) : to 1820 Upper Canisteo
Holyhead (town, northwestern Wales) : Welsh Horní Dvo†i§tfi (village, southwestern Czech
Caerg ybi Republic) : to 1918, 1938–1945 German Ober-
Holy Island (northwestern Wales) : Welsh Ynys haid
Gybi Horochów see Horokhiv
Holy Island see Lindisfarne Horodenka (town, western Ukraine) : (Russian
Holywell (town, northeastern Wales) : Welsh Gorodenka); to 1939 Polish Horodenko
Treffynnon Horodok (town, western Ukraine) : (Russian
Holywood (town, eastern Northern Ireland) : Gorodok); to 1939 Polish Gródek Jagielloüski
Irish Ard Mhic Nasca Horodyshche (town, central Ukraine) : (Russian
Homonna see Humenné Gorodishche); 1933–1944 imeny H.I. Petro-
Homs (city, west central Syria) : Roman Emesa vs’koho (Russian imeni G.I. Petrovskogo); 1929–
Homs see Al Khums 1933 Horodyshche-Shevchenkivs’ke (Russian
Hondarribia see Fuenterrabía Gorodishche-Shevchenkovskoye)
Honey Creek see West Allis Horodyschche see Marhanets’
Hong see Red River Horodyschche-Shevchenkivs’ke see Horo-
Hong Kong (special administrative zone, south- dyshche
eastern China) : Chinese Xianggang (The cur- Horokhiv (town, western Ukraine) : (Russian
rent name, a corruption of the Chinese, be- Gorokhov); 1919–1939 Polish Horochów
came established over the period 1898–1997, Ho†ovice (town, west central Czech Republic) :
when the territory was leased to Britain.) to 1918, 1939–1945 German Horschowitz
Honto see Nevel’sk Horschitz see Ho†ice
 85 Huntly

Horschowitz see Ho†ovice Hsia-men see Xiamen

Horseheads (town, New York, northeastern Huaicho see Puerto Acosta
United States) : to 1840s Fairport Huamanga see Ayacucho
Hor§ovskï Tï n (town, western Czech Republic) Huambo (city, west central Angola) : 1928–1975
: to 1918, 1938–1945 German Bischofteinitz Portuguese Nova Lisboa
Horst Wessel Stadt see Friedrichshain Huancavelica (town, central Peru) : originally
Horton Corner see Kentville Vila Rica de Oropesa
Horyniec (village, southeastern Poland) : 1939– Huang Hai see Yellow Sea
1941 Russian Gorinets Huang He see Huango Ho
Hot Springs see Truth or Consequences Huang Ho (river, north central and eastern
Hotval’d see Zmiyiv China) : alternate Hwang He; traditional En-
Hotzenplotz see Osoblaha glish Yellow River (The Pinyin form of the
Housesteads (historic site, northeastern En- name, Huang He, is usually preferred on maps.
gland) : Roman Vercovicium (The name of the The river flows through the Bo Hai into the
Roman fort here on Hadrian’s Wall was long Yellow Sea.)
cited as Borcovicium.) Huangyuan (town, northwestern China) : to
Hovd (town, western Mongolia) : formerly 1912 Tangar
Dzhirgalantu (The former name became an Huánuco (city, central Peru) : originally León de
official alternate name in 1928.) los Caballeros de Huánuco
Howth (town, eastern Ireland) : Irish Binn Hudson Island see Nanumanga
Éadair (Howth is now a suburb of Dublin.) Hueneme see Port Hueneme
Hoynau see Chojnów Huesca (city, northeastern Spain) : Roman Osca
Hradec Králové (town, northwestern Czech Re- Huhehot see Hohhot
public) : to 1918, 1939–1945 German König- Huicheng see Shexian
1
grätz (The German name is associated with Hull (city, northeastern England) : alternate
the nearby site of the battle of 1866 in which (official) Kingston upon Hull
2
the Prussians decisively defeated the Austrians Hull (city, Quebec, southeastern Canada) : to
during the Austro-Prussian War.) 1875 Wrightstown
Hrádek nad Nisou (town, northern Czech Re- Hull Island see Orona
public) : to 1918, 1939–1945 German Grottau Hultschin see HluVín
an der Niesse Hulun see Hailar
1
Hranice (town, eastern Czech Republic) : to Humenné (town, eastern Slovakia) : to 1918
1918, 1939–1945 German Mährisch-Weiss- Hungarian Homonna
kirchen Hummelstadt see Lewin Kùodski
2
Hranice (town, western Czech Republic) : to Hummock Hill see Whyalla
1918, 1938–1945 German Rossbach (This Ross- Humphrey Island see Manihiki
bach should not be confused with the village Humphreyville see Seymour
of the same name in eastern Germany that was Humpolec (town, south central Czech Republic)
the scene of a Prussian victory over the French : to 1918, 1939–1945 German Gumpolds
and Austrians in 1757 during the Seven Years’ Hunedoara (city, west central Romania) : to 1918
War.) Hungarian Vajdahunyad
Hrazdan (town, central Armenia) : (Russian Hunericopolis see Sousse
Razdan); to 1959 Akhta Hungary (republic, central Europe) : [Hungarian
Hrebinka (town, north central Ukraine) : (Rus- Mag yarország; German Ungarn] (The German
sian Grebyonka); to 1959 Hrebinkivs’kyy (Rus- name became historically associated with the
sian Grebyonkovsky) monarchy of Austria-Hungary.)
Hrebinkivs’kyy see Hrebinka Hungerburg see Narva-Jõesuu
Hrodna (city, western Belarus) : (Russian Huntersville see North Little Rock
Grodno); 1919–1939 Polish Grodno; to 1918 Huntington Beach (city, California, southwest-
Russian Grodno ern United States) : 1901–1904 Pacific City; to
Hrosulove see Velyka Mykhaylivka 1901 Shell Beach
Hrubieszów (town, eastern Poland) : to 1915 Huntington Park (city, California, southwestern
Russian Grubeshov United States) : to 1904 La Park (The city is a
Hrushka see 1Ul’yanovka residential suburb of Los Angeles.)
Hrvatska see Croatia Huntly (town, northern New Zealand) : Maori
Hryshyne see Krasnoarmiys’k Rahuipukeko
Huntsville 86

Huntsville (city, Alabama, south central United Ibirama (town, southeastern Brazil) : to 1944
States) : to 1811 Twickenham Portuguese Hamônia
Hurbanovo (town, southern Slovakia) : to 1948 Ibirarema (town, southeastern Brazil) : to 1944
Stará 7ala; to 1918, 1939–1945 Hungarian Portuguese Pau d’Alho
Óg yalla (Both of the earlier names mean “Old Ibiúna (city, southeastern Brazil) : to 1944 Por-
7ala.”) tuguese Una
Hurd Island see Arorae Iboti see Neves Paulista
Huron see Point Edward jbrail see BrQila
Husiatyn see Husyatyn Içana (town, northwestern Brazil) : to 1944 Por-
Hüsnümansur see Adqyaman tuguese São Felipe
HustopeVe (town, southeastern Czech Republic) Icaros see Faylakah
: to 1918, 1938–1945 German Auspitz Icaturama see Santa Rosa do Viterbo
Husyatyn (town, western Ukraine) : (Russian Iceland (island republic, North Atlantic) : [Ice-
Gusyatin); to 1939 Polish Husiatyn landic Ísland]
Huszt see Khust Ichki-Grammatikovo see Sovyets’kyy
Hutchings see Glenview Iconium see Konya
Hutt (river, central New Zealand) : Maori Here- Icosium see Algiers
taunga Idaho City (village, Idaho, northwestern United
Huy (town, eastern Belgium) : Flemish Hoei States) : originally Bannack City
Hvar (town, southern Croatia) : to 1918 Italian Idaho Falls (city, Idaho, northwestern United
Lesina (The town is on the island of the same States) : to 1890 Eagle Rock
name, known to the ancient Greeks as Pharos.) Idalion see 2Dali
1
Hvardiys’ke (town, southern Ukraine) : (Rus- Idalium see 2Dali
sian Gvardeyskoye); to 1944 Sarabuz Idi Amin Dada, Lake see Edward, Lake
2
Hvardiys’ke (village, western Ukraine) : (Rus- Idria see Idria
sian Gvardeyskoye); to 1946 Felshtin Idrija (town, western Slovenia) : 1919–1947 Ital-
Hvardiys’ke see Chornomors’ke ian Idria
Hviezdoslavov (village, southwestern Slovakia) : Ieper see Ypres
to 1918, 1938–1945 Hungarian Uszor Iesolo (town, northern Italy) : to c.1930
Hwaining see Anqing Cavazuccherina
Hwange (town, western Zimbabwe) : to 1982 Iferten see Yverdon
Wankie Igabrum see Cabra
Hwang Hai see Yellow Sea Iglau see Jihlava
Hwang Ho see Huang Ho Igló see Spi§ská Nová Ves
Hwlffordd see Haverfordwest Igluligaarjuk see Chesterfield Inlet
H.Ya. Syedova, imeny see Syedove Iguaçu see (1) Itaetê; (2) Laranjeiras do Sul
Hydaspes see Jhelum Iguaratinga see São Francisco do Maran-
Hydruntum see Otranto hão
Hyrcania see GorgIn Iguatama (town, southeastern Brazil) : to 1944
Hyrcanum Mare see Caspian Sea Portuguese Pôrto Real
Ialoveni (town, central Moldova) : (Russian Igumen see Chyerven’
Yaloven’); formerly Russian Kutuzov Iguvium see Gubbio
Ia£i (city, northeastern Romania) : formerly Ger- jhtiman see Ikhtiman
man Jassy (The town received its German IJsselmeer (lake, northwestern Netherlands) :
name when it became a customs post in the formerly Zuider Zee; Roman Flevo Lacus
late 14th or early 15th century.) Ikaahuk see Sachs Harbour
Ibaiti (city, southern Brazil) : to 1944 Barra Ikaluktutiak see Cambridge Bay
Bonita Ikhtiman (town, west central Bulgaria) : to 1878
Ibatuba see Soledade de Minas Turkish jhtiman
Iberia see (1) Georgia; (2) Spain Ikongo (town, southeastern Madagascar) : for-
Iberus see Ebro merly French Fort-Carnot
Iberville (town, Quebec, southeastern Canada) : Ikpiarjuk see Arctic Bay
to 1854 Christieville Ikramovo see Juma
Ibiapinópolis see Soledade Ilabaya see Guachalla
Ibiraçu (town, southeastern Brazil) : to 1944 Ilava (town, western Slovakia) : to 1918 Hungar-
Portuguese Pau Gigante ian Illava
 87 Inis Córthaidh

Iùawa (town, northern Poland) : to 1945 German Illizi (town, eastern Algeria) : to c.1962 French
Deutsch-Eylau Fort-de-Polignac
Ilchester (village, southern England) : Roman Illukst see Il¨kste
Lindinis Ilmenau see (1) Jordanów; (2) Limanowa
Ilebo (town, southwestern Democratic Repub- Ilston (village, southern Wales) : Welsh Llanill-
lic of the Congo) : to 1972 French Port-Franc- tud Gŵyr
qui Il¨kste (town, southeastern Latvia) : to 1918
Île de France see Mauritius Russian Illukst
Ilek (village, southwestern Russia) : to 1914 Ilet- Ilulissat (town, western Greenland) : to 1985
sky Gorodok Danish Jakobshavn
Ilerda see Lérida Ilva see Elba
Île Royale see Cape Breton Island Iman see Dalnerechensk
Île St.-Jean see Prince Edward Island Imbros see Gökçeada
Ilet see Krasnogorsky Imbuial see Bocaiúva do Sul
Iletsk see Sol’-Iletsk imeni (Russian, “named after”) : for names start-
Iletskaya Zashchita see Sol’-Iletsk ing thus, see the next word, as Kirova, imeni
Iletsky Gorodok see Ilek imeny (Ukrainian, “named after”) : for names
Ilhabela (town, southeastern Brazil) : to 1944 starting thus, see the next word, as Sverdlova,
Portuguese Formosa; originally Portuguese imeny
Villa Bella Imperatorskaya Gavan’ see Sovetskaya Gavan’
Ili see Kapchagay Imperia (province, northwestern Italy) : to 1923
Il’ich see Atakent Porto Maurizio (The province is named for its
Il’ichyovsk see ßärur capital, the city of Imperia, formed in 1923
Ilici see Elche from the union of Porto Maurizio with various
Il’insky (town, eastern Russia) : 1905–1945 Japa- villages.)
nese Kushunnai Imroz see Gökçeada
Ilion (town, New York, northeastern United In see Smidovich
States) : to 1852 Remington’s Corners; earlier Inchcape Rock see Bell Rock
Morgan’s Landing; originally German Flats Indefatigable Island see Santa Cruz
Ilion see 1Troy India (republic, southern Asia) : [Hindi BhIrat]
Ilirska Bistrica (town, southwestern Slovenia) : (When India achieved independence in 1947 it
1941–1945 German Windisch-Feistritz; was thought that the new republic would
1919–1947 Italian Villa del Nevoso; to 1918 Ger- adopt its native name, but Prime Minister
man Windisch-Feistritz (The town was part of Nehru demanded that his country retain its
Italy over the period 1919 to 1947.) long-familiar name.)
Ilium see 1Troy Indiana Colony see Pasadena
Iliysk see Kapchagay Indian Bridge see 1Bridgetown
Ilkenau see Olkusz Indian Head see Nashua
Ilkley (town, northern England) : Roman Oli- Indiaroba (town, northeastern Brazil) : to 1944
cana (The Roman name is popularly associated Portuguese Espírito Santo
with the town but may in fact, and in a better Indigreat see Portland
form Olenacum, have been that of the Roman Indonesia (republic, southeastern Asia) : alter-
fort at Elslack, some 12 miles to the west. See nate East Indies; to 1949 Dutch East Indies
also Wharfe.) (The alternate name is also more widely ap-
Illava see Ilava plied to India, Indochina, and the Malay
Illiberis see Elne Archipelago, of which last Indonesia is the
Illiers see Illiers-Combray chief constituent part.)
Illiers-Combray (town, north central France) : Indrapura Peak see Kerinci, Mt.
to 1970 Illiers (The addition to the town’s Indreville see Châteauroux
name is the fictional name assigned to it by the jnebahti see Návkatos
writer Marcel Proust, who although born else- Ingá see Andirá
where spent many of his childhood holidays Ingichka (town, eastern Uzbekistan) : formerly
here. He may have based the name on the Russian Rudnik-Ingichka
nearby village of Combres, although there is a Inian’s Ferry see New Brunswick
real Combray in northwestern France.) Inis see Ennis
Illinoistown see East St. Louis Inis Córthaidh see Enniscorthy
Inis Díomáin 88

Inis Díomáin see Ennistimon Irish Éire; 1922–1937 English Irish Free State;
Inkerman (town, southern Ukraine) : 1976–1991 Roman Hibernia (The Roman name was for
Bilokam’yans’k (Russian Belokamensk) (When the whole island of Ireland, which in 1920 was
the village of Inkerman was raised to town sta- divided into northern and southern parts, as
tus in 1976 its name was retained for the rail- the present Northern Ireland, part of the UK,
road station. The name went down in history and republic of Ireland. The Irish name still
as the scene of the 1854 Crimean War battle in has some official use, as in postal addresses, al-
which the British and French gained victory though the Post Office prefers “Republic of
over the Russians.) Ireland” for this purpose.)
Inkermann see Oued Rhiou Irian Barat see Papua
Inland Sea (southwestern Japan) : [Japanese Irian Jaya see Papua
Seto-naikai] Irian Jaya Barat see West Papua
Inner Mongolia see Mongolia Irish Free State see Ireland
Innichen see San Candido Iriston (village, southwestern Russia) : to 1941
Innisfail (town, Queensland, northeastern Aus- Tulatovo
tralia) : to 1911 Geraldton Irmine see Teplohirs’k
Inniskilling see Enniskillen Irmino see Teplohirs’k
Innokent’yevskaya see 2Lenino Irminsky Rudnik see Teplohirs’k
Inowrocùaw (city, north central Poland) : 1904– Irmins’kyy Rudnyk see Teplohirs’k
1919, 1939–1945 German Hohensalza Iron Works Village see East Haven
Insterburg see Chernyakhovsk Iruña see Pamplona
Insula see Lille Irvington (town, New Jersey, northeastern
Interamna Lirenas see Pignataro Interamna United States) : to 1852 Camptown
Interamna Nahars see Terni Is (town, west central Russia) : to 1933
Interamnium see Teramo Sverdlovsky Priisk
Interamnium Flavium see Ponferrada Isaacson see Nogales
Inukjuak (village, Quebec, eastern Canada) : Isady see Semibratovo
formerly Port Harrison Isayevo-Dedovo see 2Oktyabr’skoye
Invercargill (city, southern New Zealand) : to Isca see (1) Caerleon; (2) Usk
1857 Kelly’s Point Isca Dumnoniorum see Exeter
Invermein see Scone Isca Legionum see Caerleon
Inverness see Cheboygan Isca Silurum see Caerleon
Ioannina (city, northwestern Greece) : to 1913 Ischia (island, southern Italy) : Roman Aenaria;
Turkish Yanya ancient Greek Pithecusae
Iolcus see Volos Ise (city, southeastern Japan) : to 1956 Uji-
Ionio (village, southeastern Italy) : Roman Man- yamada
duria (The Italian name is now primarily that Isernia (town, south central Italy) : Roman Ae-
of the Ionian Sea.) sernia
Ipatovo (town, southwestern Russia) : to 1930s Isfahan see E•fahIn
Vinodel’noye Ishanovo see Pioner
jpek see PeW iSimangaliso Wetland Park (southeastern South
Ipiaú (city, eastern Brazil) : to 1944 Portuguese Africa) : to 2007 Greater St. Lucia Wetland
Rio Novo Park (Many nature reserves in this part of
Ipswich (town, Massachusetts, northeastern South Africa now have Zulu names. This one,
United States) : to 1634 Agawam a World Heritage Site of more than 1,000
Iqaluit (town, Nunavut, northern Canada) : to square miles, was renamed both to cast off its
1987 Frobisher Bay colonial name and to avoid confusion with the
Iráklion (city, northern Crete, Greece) : conven- Caribbean island of St. Lucia.)
tional Heraklion; to 1912 Turkish Kandiye; Me- Isiro (town, northeastern Democratic Republic
dieval Italian Candia; Roman Heracleum (The of the Congo) : formerly Paulis
city is the capital of Crete.) Isis see 1Thames
Iran (republic, southwestern Asia) : to 1935 Per- jskenderun (city, southern Turkey) : traditional
sia English Alexandretta; formerly English Skan-
Irapiranga see Itaporanga d’Ajuda deroon (The city takes its name from the
Irbitsky Zavod see Krasnogvardeysky nearby Roman city of Alexandria ad Issum,
Ireland (republic, western Europe) : 1937–1949 founded by Alexander the Great, whose
 89 Ivanishchi

own name is preserved in that of Alexan- Byzantine Empire and retained his name for
dria.) 1600 years.)
j£kodra see Shkodër jstanbul see Istanbul
Iskra (village, south central Bulgaria) : to 1950 j£tip see ¶tip
Popovo; to 1906 Turkish Karadzhilar Istra (town, western Russia) : to 1930 Voskresensk
Isla (Spanish, “island”) : for names starting thus, jstrumca see Strumica
see the next word, as Pinta, Isla Isurium Brigantum see Aldborough
Isla de la Juventud see Juventud, Isla de la Itabaiana (city, northeastern Brazil) : 1944–1948
Isla de León see 2San Fernando Tabaiana
Isla de Pinos see Juventud, Isla de la Itabira (city, southeastern Brazil) : 1944–1948
Islamabad see Anantnag Portuguese Presidente Vargas
Islam-Terek see 3Kirovs’ke Itaetê (town, eastern Brazil) : to 1944 Iguaçu
Ísland see Iceland Itaguatins (town, north central Brazil) : to 1944
Island Flats see Kingsport Portuguese Santo Antônio da Cachoeira
Islas Malvinas see Falkland Islands Itajahy do Sul see Rio do Sul
Isle Mascareigne see Réunion Italia see Italy
Isle of Lewis (Western Isles, northwestern Scot- Italica see Santiponce
land) : Gaelic Eilean Leodhais (The name Italy (republic, southern Europe) : [Italian Italia]
Lewis is also applied to the larger, northern Itamorotinga see Serra Branca
part of the island, as distinct from Harris, the Itapagé (city, northeastern Brazil) : to 1944 Por-
smaller, southern part, joined to it by an isth- tuguese São Francisco
mus at Tarbert.) Itaparica see Petrolândia
Isle of Pines see Juventud, Isla de la Itapecerica see Itapecerica da Serra
Isle of Thanet see Thanet, Isle of Itapecerica da Serra (city, southeastern Brazil) :
Isle of Wight see Wight, Isle of to 1944 Itapecerica
Isle of Youth see Juventud, Isla de la Itapetininga (city, southeastern Brazil) : formerly
jslimie see Sliven Nossa Senhora dos Prazeres de Itapetininga
Ismail see Izmayil Itapira see Ubaitaba
Ismeli see 4Oktyabr’skoye Itaporanga (town, northeastern Brazil) : to 1939,
Ismoili Somoni, Peak (northeastern Tajikistan) : 1944–1948 Portuguese Misericórdia
1952–1998 Communism Peak; 1932–1952 Itaporanga see Itaporanga d’Ajuda
Stalin Peak; 1928–1932 Mt. Garmo Itaporanga d’Ajuda (town, northeastern Brazil) :
Isola Farnese (village, western Italy) : Roman 1944–1948 Irapiranga; to 1944 Itaporanga
Veii Itapúa see Encarnación
Ispahan see E•fahIn Itatiaia (town, southeastern Brazil) : to 1943 Por-
Isparta (city, western Turkey) : formerly tuguese Campo Belo
Hamqdabad Itatupã (town, northern Brazil) : to 1943 Por-
Isperikh (town, northeastern Bulgaria) : to 1934 tuguese Sacramento
Turkish Kemanlar Itebej (village, northern Serbia) : to 1947 Srpski
Ispica (town, southern Italy) : to 1935 Spac- Itebej
caforno Ittoqqortoormiit (village, eastern Greenland) :
Ispisar see Ghafurov formerly Danish Scoresbysund
Israel (republic, southwestern Asia) : [Hebrew Ituberá (town, eastern Brazil) : to 1944 Por-
Yisra’el; Arabic IsrI’nl ] (The present republic tuguese Santarém
adopted the ancient biblical name in 1948, Itumbiara (city, east central Brazil) : to 1944 Por-
when it was established in the former British tuguese Santa Rita do Paranaíba
mandate of Palestine. A possible new name Iúna (town, southeastern Brazil) : to 1944 Por-
Zion was considered at the time, as an alter- tuguese Rio Pardo
nate name for the biblical land.) Ivanava (town, southwestern Belarus) : (Russian
IsrI’nl see Israel Ivanovo); to 1945 Yanaw (Russian Yanov)
Issyk-Kul’ see Balykchy IvanVice (town, southern Czech Republic) : to
Istanbul (city, northwestern Turkey) : [Turkish 1918, 1939–1945 German Eibenschitz
jstanbul ]; alternate English literary Stamboul; Ivangorod see Ddblin
330–1930 Constantinople; to 330 ancient Ivangrad see Berane
Greek Byzantium (The city was chosen by Ivanishchi (town, western Russia) : early 1920s–
Constantine the Great as the capital of his 1942 Ukrepleniye Kommunizma
Ivanivka 90

Ivanivka (town, southern Ukraine) : (Russian jzmit (city, northwestern Turkey) : ancient Greek
Ivanovka); 1858–1946 Yanivka (Russian Nicomedia; earlier Astacus
Yanovka); to 1858 Malobaranivka (Russian jznik (village, northwestern Turkey) : ancient
Malobaranovka) Greek Nicaea (The Greek name is best known
Ivano-Frankivs’k (city, western Ukraine) : (Rus- as that of a 13th-century empire and its capi-
sian Ivano-Frankovsk); 1945–1962 Ukrainian tal. The Christian creed known as the Nicene
Stanislav; 1941–1945 German Stanislau; 1939– Creed is based on the results of the ecumenical
1941 Ukrainian Stanislav; 1919–1939 Polish council held in the town in A.D. 325. A second
Stanisùawów; 1772–1919 German Stanislau; council was held in 767.)
1662–1772 Polish Stanisùawów; to 1662 Izobil’no-Tishchenskoye see Izobil’ny
Ukrainian Stanislaviv Izobil’noye see Izobil’ny
Ivano-Frankove (town, western Ukraine) : (Rus- Izobil’ny (city, southwestern Russia) : mid–
sian Ivano-Frankovo); to 1945 Yaniv (Russian 1930s–1965 Izobil’noye; to mid–1930s Izo-
Yanov) bil’no-Tishchenskoye
Ivano-Frankovo see Ivano-Frankove jzvornik see Zvornik
Ivano-Frankovsk see Ivano-Frankivs’k Izyaslavl’ see Zaslawye
Ivanopil’ (town, west central Ukraine) : (Russian Jääski see Lesogorsky
Ivanopol’ ); to 1946 Yanushpil’ (Russian Yanush- Jabal ash-Shaykh see Hermon, Mt.
pol’ ) Jabalpur (city, central India) : formerly Jubbul-
Ivanopol’ see Ivanopil’ pore
Ivanovka see Ivanivka Jablonec nad Nisou (city, northern Czech Re-
Ivanovo (city, western Russia) : 1871–1932 public) : to 1918, 1938–1945 German Gablonz
Ivanovo-Voznesensk (The former name arose an der Neisse
when the original village of Ivanovo merged Jablonka see Jabùonka
with neighboring Voznesenskaya.) Jabùonka (town, southern Poland) : 1939–1945
Ivanovo see Ivanava Slovakian Jablonka
Ivanovo-Voznesensk see Ivanovo Jablonné v Podje§tfidí (town, central Czech Re-
Ivanovskoye see Smychka public) : to 1918, 1938–1945 German Deutsch-
Ivanski (village, eastern Bulgaria) : 1878–1950 Gabel
Zlokuchen; to 1878 Turkish Köprüköy Jablunkau see Jablunkov
Ivanteyevka (city, western Russia) : 1928–1938 Jablunkov (town, eastern Czech Republic) : to
Ivanteyevsky 1918, 1938–1945 German Jablunkau
Ivanteyevsky see Ivanteyevka Jaboatão see Japoatã
Ivashchenkovo see Chapayevsk Jacarézinho see Ourinhos
Ivaylovgrad (town, southeastern Bulgaria) : to Jáchymov (town, northwestern Czech Republic)
1934 Turkish Ortaköy : to 1918, 1938–1945 German Sankt Joachim-
Ivory Coast (republic, western Africa) : alternate sthal (The German name had the adjectival
French Côte d’Ivoire (The French name form Joachimsthaler, the latter half of which
was declared the official protocol name in gave the English word dollar, from the coins
1986.) minted here.)
1
Ivoy see Carignan Jackson (city, Michigan, north central United
Ivrea (town, northwestern Italy) : Roman Epore- States) : to 1833 Jacksonopolis; originally Jack-
dia sonburgh
2
Ixelles (town, central Belgium) : Flemish Elsene Jackson (city, Mississippi, southern United
(The town is now a suburb of Brussels.) States) : to 1822 Le Fleur’s Bluff
3
Izhevsk (city, western Russia) : 1984–1987 Usti- Jackson (city, Tennessee, east central United
nov; to 1917 Izhevsky Zavod States) : to 1822 Alexandria
Izhevsky Zavod see Izhevsk Jacksonburgh see 1Jackson
Izhma see Sosnogorsk Jacksonopolis see 1Jackson
Izluchistaya see 3Zhovtneve 1
Jacksonville (city, Florida, southeastern United
Izmail see Izmayil States) : to 1822 Cowford
2
Izmayil (city, southwestern Ukraine) : (Russian Jacksonville (city, North Carolina, eastern
Izmail ); 1856–1878, 1919–1940 Romanian Is- United States) : to 1842 Onslow Courthouse;
mail originally Wantland’s Ferry
jzmir (city, western Turkey) : ancient Greek and Jacksonville see Old Hickory
biblical Smyrna Jacobshagen see Dobrzany
 91 Jernigan

Jacob’s Well see 1Marion Jasùo (town, southeastern Poland) : 1940–1945

Jacuí see Sobradinho German Jessel
Jadera see Zadar Jassy see Ia£i
Jadotville see Likasi Jastrow see Jastrowie
Jaén (city, southern Spain) : Roman Aurinx Jastrowie (town, northwestern Poland) : to 1945
Jaffa (city, western Israel) : [Hebrew Yafo]; bibli- German Jastrow
cal Joppa (In 1950 the city was incorporated Jastarnia (village, northern Poland) : 1772–1919,
into Tel Aviv to become Tel Aviv-Yafo.) 1939–1945 German Heisternest
Jägerndorf see Krnov Jastrzdbie Zdrój (town, southwestern Poland) :
JagniRtków (village, southwestern Poland) : to to 1945 German Bad Königsdorf
1945 German Agnetendorf Jatobá see Petrolândia
Jagodina (city, south central Serbia) : 1946–1992 Jauer see Jawor
Svetozarevo Jaungulbene see Gulbene
Jaguari see Jaguariúna Jaunjelgava (town, south central Latvia) : to 1918
Jaguariúna (town, southeastern Brazil) : to 1944 German Friedrichstadt (The town, with name
Jaguari meaning “New Jelgava,” lies 50 miles east of
Jaguaruana (town, southeastern Brazil) : to 1944 Jelgava.)
Portuguese União Jaunlatgale see Pytalovo
Jakarta (city, southwestern Indonesia) : to 1949 Javorina (village, northern Slovakia) : 1938–1939
Dutch Batavia Polish Jaworzyna
Jakobshavn see Ilulissat Jawor (town, southwestern Poland) : to 1945
Jakobstad see Pietarsaari German Jauer
Jakobstadt see Y`kabpils Jaworów see Yavoriv
Jamaica Square see South Floral Park Jaworzina ¡lRska (town, southwestern Poland) :
James Island see 2San Salvador to 1945 German Königszelt
Jangy-Jol (village, western Kyrgyzstan) : to 1942 Jaworzyna see Javorina
Chong-Ak-Dzhol Jaxartes see Syrdar’ya
Janichen see Svoboda Jaya, Mt. (eastern Indonesia) : formerly Mt.
Janjanbureh (town, central Gambia) : to 1995 Sukarno; earlier Mt. Carstensz
Georgetown Jayapura (city, northeastern Indonesia) :
Jan Kempdorp (town, central South Africa) : to 1963–1969 Sukarnapura; earlier Dutch Hollan-
1953 Andalusia dia
Janské Láznfi (village, northern Czech Republic) Jayhun see Amu Darya
: to 1918, 1939–1945 German Johannisbad Jddrzejów (town, south central Poland) : to 1915
Japan (island state, western Pacific) : [Japanese Russian Andreyev
Nihon] Jefferson see (1) Martins Ferry; (2) Watkins
Japoatã (town, northeastern Brazil) : to 1944 Glen
Jaboatão Jehol see Chengde
Jaraguá see Jaraguá do Sul J`kabpils (town, south central Latvia) : (Russian
Jaraguá do Sul (city, southern Brazil) : to 1944 Yekabpils); to 1918 German Jakobstadt
Jaraguá Jelenia Góra (city, southwestern Poland) : to
Jarboesville see Lexington Park 1945 German Hirschberg
Jarocin (town, western Poland) : 1793–1807, Jelgava (city, central Latvia) : (Russian Yelgava);
1815–1919, 1939–1945 German Jarotschin 1941–1944 German Mitau; to 1917 Russian
Jaromޠ (town, north central Czech Republic) : Mitava
to 1918, 1939–1945 German Jermer Jelly’s Corner see 1Shelburne
Jaroslau see Jarosùaw Jengish Chokusu see Pobeda Peak
Jarosùaw (city, southeastern Poland) : 1772–1919, Jennersdorf (town, eastern Austria) : to 1918
1939–1944 German Jaroslau Hungarian Gyanafalva
Jarotschin see Jarocin Jerez de Badajoz see Jerez de los Caballeros
Jaryczów Nowy see Novyy Yarychiv Jerez de los Caballeros (town, western Spain) :
Ja§a TomiW (town, northeastern Serbia) : to 1918 originally Jerez de Badajoz
Hungarian Modos Jericho (town, eastern West Bank) : [Arabic
Jasieü (town, western Poland) : to 1945 German Arn∏I]; originally Tell es Sultan
Gassen Jermer see Jaromޠ
Jasiûa see Yasinya Jernigan see Orlando
Jersey 92

Jersey (island, Channel Islands, southern United João de Almeida see Chibia
Kingdom) : Roman Caesarea (The Roman João Pessoa (city, northeastern Brazil) : to 1930
name has also been assigned to the much Paraíba; 17th century Frederikstad; originally
smaller island of Sark, north of Jersey.) Filipea de Nossa Senhora das Neves
Jersey City (city, New Jersey, northeastern João Pessoa see (1) Mimoso do Sul; (2) Pôrto
United States) : to 1820 Paulus Hook Joaquín V. González (town, northwestern Ar-
Jersey Homesteads see 1Roosevelt gentina) : formerly Kilómetro 1082
Jerusalem (city, central Israel) : [Hebrew Jodoigne (town, east central Belgium) : Flemish
Yerushalayim; Arabic Al Quds]; alternate bibli- Geldenaken
cal Salem or Zion; ancient Greek and Latin Johannes see Sovetsky
Hierosolyma ( Jerusalem was refounded in the Johannisbad see Janské Láznfi
2d century A.D. by the Roman emperor Johannisburg see Pisz
Hadrian under the name Aelia Capitolina. Johnnycake see Catonsville
See also Palestine.) Johnson City (town, Tennessee, eastern United
Jesenice (town, northwestern Slovenia) : to 1918, States) : 1859–1861 Haynesville; to 1859 John-
1941–1945 German Assling son’s Depot
Jeseník (town, northeastern Czech Republic) : Johnson’s Depot see Johnson City
formerly Frï valdov; to 1918, 1938–1945 Ger- Johnstown (city, Pennsylvania, northeastern
man Freiwaldau United States) : to 1834 Conemaugh
Jesenské (town, southern Slovakia) : to 1918, Joigny (town, north central France) : Roman
1938–1945 Hungarian Feled Joviniacum
Jesi (town, east central Italy) : Roman Aesis Jomboy (town, eastern Uzbekistan) : to 1977
Jessel see Jasùo Khoshdala
Jesselton see Kota Kinabalu Joppa see Jaffa
Jewie see Vievis Jordan (kingdom, southwestern Asia) : [Arabic
Jeziorany (town, northeastern Poland) : to 1945 Al Urdunn]; 1921–1949 Transjordan
German Seeburg Jordânia (town, southeastern Brazil) : to 1944
Je∞ów (town, central Poland) : to 1945 German Palestina
Grunau Jordanów (town, southern Poland) : 1939–1945
Jezupol see 1Zhovten’ German Ilmenau
Jhelum (river, northern India/northeastern Paki- Jórvik see 1York
stan) : ancient Greek Hydaspes José Batlle y Ordoñez (town, southeastern
Ji’an (city, southeastern China) : to 1914 Luling Uruguay) : to 1907 Nico Pérez (The former
Jiangning see Nanjing name remains in use for the part of the town
JiVín (town, northern Czech Republic) : to 1918, that extends west into the department of
1939–1945 German Gitschin Florida.)
Jihlava (city, western Czech Republic) : to 1918, José Bonifácio see Erechim
1939–1945 German Iglau José de Freitas (town, northeastern Brazil) : to
Jilemnice (town, northern Czech Republic) : to 1939 Livramento
1918, 1939–1945 German Starkenbach José Enrique Rodó (town, southwestern
Jílové (town, northern Czech Republic) : to 1918, Uruguay) : to 1924 Drable (The former
1939–1945 German Eulau name is still in use for the town’s railroad sta-
Jimbolia (town, western Romania) : to 1918 tion.)
Hungarian Zsombolya; to 1867 German Hatz- Josephinenhütte see Szklarska Pordba
feld Joviniacum see Joigny
Jim Thorpe (town, Pennsylvania, northeastern Juan Lazaze (town, southwestern Uruguay) : to
United States) : to 1954 Mauch Chunk 1909 Sauce (The town’s port is still sometimes
Jimtown see Miami referred to by the former name as Puerto Sauce
Jind†ichÀv Hradec (town, southern Czech Re- or Puerto del Sauce.)
public) : to 1918, 1939–1945 German Neuhaus Juàzeiro see Juàzeiro do Norte
Jinmen see Quemoy Juàzeiro do Norte (city, northeastern Brazil) : to
Jirkov (town, northwestern Czech Republic) : to 1944 Juàzeiro
1918, 1939–1945 German Görkau Jubayl (village, western Lebanon) : ancient
Joaçaba (city, southern Brazil) : 1939–1943 Cru- Greek Byblos; biblical Gebal (The historic city
zeiro; c.1928–1938 Cruzeiro do Sul; earlier exported papyrus to Egypt and its Greek name
Limeira actually gave this word, hence also English
 93 Kalay-Mirzabay

paper and, via Greek biblion, “book,” Bible and Kaapstad see Cape Town
other biblio- words, as bibliography.) Kabalega Falls (northwestern Uganda) : to 1972
Jubbulpore see Jabalpur Murchison Falls
Jucás (town, northeastern Brazil) : to 1944 Por- Kabanbay (village, eastern Kazakhstan) : for-
tuguese São Mateus merly Russian Andreyevka
Judaea (historical region, southern Palestine) : Kaban’ye see Krasnorichens’ke
biblical Judah (The historical name, of Kabwe (city, central Zambia) : to 1965 Broken
Graeco-Roman origin and alternately spelled Hill
Judea, is also biblical. In the 2d century A.D. KaVanik (town, southern Kosovo) : to 1913
the Roman emperor Hadrian expelled all Jews Turkish Orhanie
from the province and renamed it Syria Kadamshay see 1Frunze
Palaestina. See Palestine.) Kadaû (town, northwestern Czech Republic) : to
Judah see Judaea 1918, 1938–1945 German Kaaden
Judea see Judaea Kadqköy (town, northwestern Turkey) : ancient
Juiz de Fora (city, southeastern Brazil) : formerly Greek Chalcedon
Paraibuna Kadqköy see Dikaia
Julia Joza see Tarifa Kadiyevka see Stakhanov
Juliana Top see Mandala, Mt. Kadiyivka see Stakhanov
Julianehåb see Qaqortoq Kadnitsy see Leninskaya Sloboda
Julian Way see Via Kadoma (town, central Zimbabwe) : to 1980
Julia Traducta see Tarifa Gatooma
Juliobona see Lillebonne Kad≠koy see Dikaia
Juliomagus see Angers Kaffa see Feodosiya
Juma (town, eastern Uzbekistan) : 1930s Ikra- Kafiristan see Nuristan
movo Kaga Bandoro (town, central Central African
Jundiaí (city, southeastern Brazil) : formerly Vila Republic) : formerly French Fort-Crampel
Formosa de Nossa Senhora do Destêrro de Jun- Kagan see Kogon
diaí Kaganovich see (1) Novokashirsk; (2) Polis’ke;
Jungbunzlau see Mladá Boleslav (3) Sokuluk; (4) Tovarkovsky
Jungwoschitz see Mladá Vo±ice Kaganovichabad see Kolkhozobod
Juqueri see Mairiporã Kaganovichi Pervyye see Polis’ke
Juripiranga (town, northeastern Brazil) : to 1944 Kagera (region, northwestern Tanzania) : for-
Portuguese Serrinha merly Ziwa Magharibi; formerly alternate West
Jurupa see Riverside Lake
Justinianopolis see (1) Kir£ehir; (2) Sousse Kagul see Cahul
Justinopolis see Koper Kahlberg see Krynica Morska
Jutland (peninsula, continental Denmark/north- Kaiba-to see Moneron
ern Germany) : [Danish Jylland; German Jüt- Kainda see Kayyngdy
land ] (The name is usually applied only to Kaiser Wilhelm Canal see Kiel Canal
continental Denmark, although the territory Kai§iadorys (town, south central Lithuania) :
actually extends south to the Eider River, (Russian Kayshyadoris); to 1918 Russian
which separates Schleswig from Holstein in Koshedary
northern Germany.) Kaiyuan (city, southern China) : to 1931 Ami-
Jütland see Jutland chow
Juvavum see Salzburg Käkisalmi see Priozyorsk
Juventino Rosas (town, central Mexico) : to Kakumabetsu see Shelekhovo
1938 Santa Cruz de Galeana Kalaallit Nunaat see Greenland
Juventud, Isla de la (island, western Cuba) : to Kalabak see Radomir
1978 Isla de Pinos (The island is also known by Kalachevsky Rudnik see Lenina, imeny
the corresponding English former and present Kalachevs’kyy Rudnyk see Lenina, imeny
names Isle of Pines and Isle of Youth.) Kalamazoo (city, Michigan, north central
Ju±ni Brod see Brod United States) : to 1836 Bronson
Jylland see Jutland Kalata see Kirovgrad
K2 (mountain, northeastern Pakistan) : alternate Kalatinsky Zavod see Kirovgrad
English Mt. Godwin Austen; locally Dapsang Kalay-Lyabiob see Tojikobod
Kaaden see Kadaû Kalay-Mirzabay see Kalininobod
Kalay-Valmar 94

Kalay-Valmar see Rushon Kamenets-Podol’sky see (1) Kam’yanets-

Kale i-Sultane see Çanakkale Podil’s’kyy; (2) 2Khmel’nyts’kyy
Kalemie (city, eastern Democratic Republic of Kamenice nad Lipou (town, southern Czech
the Congo) : 1915–1966 French Albertville Republic) : to 1918, 1938–1945 German Kam-
Kalevala (town, northwestern Russia) : to 1963 nitz an der Linde
Finnish Uhtua (Russian Ukhta) Kamenickï ¶enov (town, northern Czech Re-
Kalgan see Zhangjiakou public) : to 1918, 1939–1945 German Stein-
Kalinin (village, southwestern Tajikistan) : for- schönau
merly Russian Voroshilovabad Kamenitsa see Velingrad
Kalinin see (1) Boldumsaz; (2) Tver’ Kamenka see (1) Frunzens’kyy; (2) Kam’yanka
Kalininabad see Kalininobod Kamenka-Bugskaya see Kam’yanka-Buz’ka
Kalinindorf see Kalinins’ke Kamenka-Dneprovskaya see Kam’yanka-
Kaliningrad (city, western Russia) : to 1946 Ger- Dniprovs’ka
man Königsberg Kamenka-na-Dnepre see Kam’yanka-
Kaliningrad see Korolyov Dniprovs’ka
Kalinino (village, western Russia) : to 1939 Kamenka-Shevchenkovskaya see Kam’yanka
Norusovo Kamen’-Kashirsky see Kamin’-Kashyrs’kyy
Kalinino see Tashir Kamenka-Strumilovskaya see Kam’yanka-
Kalininobod (village, southwestern Tajikistan) : Buz’ka
(Russian Kalininabad); to c.1935 Kalay-Mirz- Kamennogorsk (town, northwestern Russia) : to
abay 1948 Finnish Antrea
Kalininsk (town, southwestern Russia) : to 1962 Kamenno-Millerovo see 1Kam’yane
Balanda Kamennoye see 1,2Kam’yane
Kalininsk see (1) Cupcina; (2) Kalinins’k Kamenny Khutor see 2Kam’yane
Kalinins’k (town, eastern Ukraine) : (Russian Kamensk see Kamensk-Ural’sky
Kalininsk); to c.1935 Bayrak Kamenskaya see Kamensk-Shakhtinsky
Kalininskaya (village, southwestern Russia) : to Kamenskoye (village, northeastern Russia) : for-
c.1960 Popovichskaya merly Ust’-Penzhino
Kalinins’ke (town, southern Ukraine) : (Russian Kamenskoye see Dniprodzerzhyns’k
Kalininskoye); 1927–1944 Kalinindorf; to 1927 Kamensk-Shakhtinsky (town, southwestern
Velyka Seydemynukha (Russian Bol’shaya Seyde- Russia) : to 1927 Kamenskaya
menukha) Kamensk-Ural’sky (town, west central Russia) :
Kalininskoye see Kalinins’ke 1935–1940 Kamensk; to 1935 Kamensky
Kalininsky see Korolyov Kamensky (town, southwestern Russia) : to 1941
Kalinovka (village, western Russia) : 1938–1945 Grimm (The town’s earlier German name is
German Aulenbach; to 1938 German Aulo- due to its location in the former Volga German
wönen Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic.)
Kalisch see Kalisz Kamensky see Kamensk-Ural’sky
Kalisz (city, west central Poland) : 1793–1807, Kamenz see Kamieniec ZRbkowicki
1940–1945 German Kalisch Kamieniec Litewski see Kamyanets
Kalisz Pomorski (town, northwestern Poland) : Kamieniec ZRbkowicki (town, southwestern
to 1945 German Kallies Poland) : to 1945 German Kamenz
Kalkandelen see Tetovo Kamieü Koszyrski see Kamin’-Kashyrs’kyy
Kalkfontein-Sud see Karasburg Kamienna Góra (town, southwestern Poland) :
Kallies see Kalisz Pomorski to 1945 German Landeshut
Kallithea (town, east central Greece) : to 1913 Kamieü Pomorski (town, northwestern Poland)
Turkish Erikdere (Kallithea is now a suburb of : to 1945 German Cammin-in-Pommern
Athens.) Kamin’-Kashyrs’kyy (town, northwestern
Kalmytsky Bazar see Privolzhsky Ukraine) : (Russian Kamen’-Kashirsky);
Kaloyanovo (village, west central Bulgaria) : to 1919–1939 Polish Kamieü Koszyrski
1934 Seldzhikovo Kaminsky (town, western Russia) : to 1947
Kaluzhskoye (village, western Russia) : to 1945 Gor’ky-Pavlovy
German Grünheide Kamionka Strumiùowa see Kam’yanka-Buz’ka
Kama (town, western Russia) : to 1966 Butysh Kami-shikuka see Leonidovo
Kamarlu see Artashat Kamnik (town, northern Slovenia) : to 1918,
Kamenets see Kamyanets 1941–1944 German Stein
 95 Karakol

Kamnitz an der Linde see Kamenice nad Kangirsuk (village, Quebec, eastern Canada) :
Lipou formerly Payne
Kamo see Gavarr KaNgwane see Swaziland
Kampuchea see Cambodia Kanji±a (village, northern Serbia) : to 1918, 1941–
Kamskoye Ust’ye (town, western Russia) : to 1944 Hungarian Mag yarkanizsa
c.1928 Bogorodsk Kanpur (city, northern India) : English tradi-
1
Kam’yane (town, eastern Ukraine) : (Russian tional Cawnpore
Kamennoye); formerly Kam’yanno-Millerove Kansas see 1Kansas City
1
(Russian Kamenno-Millerovo) Kansas City (city, Missouri, central United
2
Kamy’ane (town, southeastern Ukraine) : (Rus- States) : 1853–1889 City of Kansas; 1839–1853
sian Kamennoye); 1945–1957 Kam’yanyy Khutir Town of Kansas; 1850–1853 Kansas; to 1850
(Russian Kamenny Khutor); to 1945 Yant- Westport Landing (The added words distin-
sivs’kyy Kar’yer (Russian Yantsovsky Kar’yer) guished the city from the territory, now state,
Kamyanets (town, southwestern Belarus) : (Rus- of Kansas.)
2
sian Kamenets); 1919–1939 Polish Kamieniec Kansas City (city, Kansas, central United States)
Litewski : to 1886 Wyandotte (The present city was
Kam’yanets-Podil’s’kyy (city, southwestern formed by the amalgamation of eight towns,
Ukraine) : (Russian Kamenets-Podol’sky) the earliest of which was Wyandotte.)
Kam’yanets-Podil’s’kyy see 2Khmel’nyts’kyy Kanth see KRty Wrocùawskie
Kam’yanka (town, central Ukraine) : (Russian Kanukov see Privolzhsky
Kamenka); 1930–1944 Kam’yanka-Shevchen- Kaolinovo (town, northeastern Bulgaria) : to
kivs’ka (Russian Kamenka-Shevchenkovskaya) 1950 Bozhidar; earlier Shumnu Bokhchalar
Kam’yanka see Frunzens’kyy Kapchagay (town, southeastern Kazakhstan) :
Kam’yanka-Buz’ka (town, western Ukraine) : c.1969–c.1971 Ili; to c.1969 Iliysk
(Russian Kamenka-Bugskaya); to 1939 Polish Kapellen (town, northern Belgium) : French
Kamionka Strumiùowa (Russian Kamenka-Stru- Capellen-lez-Anvers (The French suffix, mean-
milovskaya) ing “near Antwerp,” distinguishes the town
Kam’yanka-Dniprovs’ka (town, southeastern from Kapelle-op-den-Bos.)
Ukraine) : (Russian Kamenka-Dneprovskaya); Kapelle-op-den-Bos (town, central Belgium) :
formerly Kam’yanka-na-Dnipri (Russian Ka- French Capelle-au-Bois
menka-na-Dnepre); to 1920 Mala Znam’yanka Kap Farvel see Farewell, Cape
(Russian Malaya Znamenka) Kapila see Haridwar
Kam’yanka-na-Dnipri see Kam’yanka- Kapitan Andreevo (village, southeastern Bul-
Dniprovs’ka garia) : to 1934 Turkish Viranteke
Kam’yanka-Shevchenkivs’ka see Kam’yanka Kaplice (town, southern Czech Republic) : to
Kam’yanno-Millerove see 1Kam’yane 1918, 1938–1945 German Kaplitz
Kamyans’ke see Dniprodzerzhyns’k Kaplitz see Kaplice
Kam’yanyy Khutir see 2Kam’yane Kapsukas see Marijampolc
Kananga (city, south central Democratic Repub- Kapuskasing (town, Ontario, southern Canada)
lic of the Congo) : to 1972 Luluabourg : to 1917 MacPherson
Kanash (city, western Russia) : to 1920 Shikhrany Karaa∑aç see 1Levski
Kandahar (city, south central Afghanistan) : Karabagish see Xonobod
Roman Alexandria Arachosiorum (The city was Karabalyk (town, northern Kazakhstan) : for-
founded by Alexander the Great, whose name merly Russian Komsomolets
is preserved in that of Alexandria.) Karabunar see Sredets
Kandiye see Iráklion Karachayevsk (town, southwestern Russia) :
Kandyagash (town, west central Kazakhstan) : 1944–1957 Klukhori; to 1944 Mikoyan-Shakhar
formerly Russian Oktyabr’sk Kara-Darya see Payshanba
Kangding (city, central China) : to 1913 Tatsienlu Karadzhilar see Iskra
Kangikajik see Brewster, Cape Karaferya see Véroia
Kangiqcliniq see Rankin Inlet Karafuto see Sakhalin
Kangiqsualujjuaq (village, Quebec, eastern Karakalli see Özalp
Canada) : formerly Port-Nouveau-Québec Karakhasan see 1Aleksandrovo
Kangiqsujuaq (village, Quebec, eastern Canada) Karaklis see Vanadzor
: formerly Wakeham Karakol (city, eastern Kyrgyzstan) : 1889–1921,
Kangiqtugaapik see Clyde River 1939–1991 Russian Przheval’sk
Karakubbud 96

Karakubbud see 1Komsomol’s’ke Karlovy Vary (city, northwestern Czech Repub-

Karakubstroy see 1Komsomol’s’ke lic) : to 1918, 1938–1945 German Karlsbad
Karamendy (village, northern Kazakhstan) : for- Karlowitz see Sremski Karlovci
merly Russian Dokuchayevka Karlsbad see Karlovy Vary
Karánsebes see Caransebe£ Karlsburg see Alba Iulia
Karansky Kamenny Kar’yer see Myrne Karlstad (city, south central Sweden) : to 1584
Karans’kyy Kam’yanyy Kar’yer see Myrne Tingvalla
Karasburg (town, southern Namibia) : to 1939 Karlstadt see Karlovac
Kalkfontein-Sud Karlstein see Karl§tejn
Karasubazar see Bilohirs’k Karl§tejn (village, west central Czech Republic) :
Karatova see Kratovo to 1918, 1939–1945 German Karlstein
Karaul (village, eastern Kazakhstan) : formerly Karnataka (state, southwestern India) : to 1973
Abay Mysore
Karaulkeldy see Bayganin Karnobat (town, eastern Bulgaria) : 1953–1962
Karayazy see Gardabani Polyanovgrad
Kardam (village, northeastern Bulgaria) : 1913– Kärnten see Carinthia
1940 Romanian Arman Karpacz (town, southwestern Poland) : to 1945
Kardeljevo see PloVe German Krummhübel
Karditsa (town, central Greece) : ancient Greek Karpathos (island, southeastern Greece) : 1306–
Acraephnium 1540, 1912–1947 Italian Scarpanto
Karen see Kayin Karpilovka see Aktsyabrski
Karenni see Kayah Karpinsk (town, western Russia) : c.1935–1941
Karfreit see Kobarid Ugol’ny; originally Bogoslovsk
Kargalinskoye (village, northwestern Kazakh- Karpuzlu (village, western Turkey) : ancient
stan) : formerly Zhilyanka Greek Alinda
Kargowa (town, western Poland) : to 1945 Ger- KIrsava (town, eastern Latvia) : to 1917 Russian
man Unruhstadt Korsovka
Karhumäki see Medvezh’yegorsk Karthaus see Kartuzy
Karkeln see Mysovka Kartonnaya Fabrika see M.I. Kalinina, imeni
Karkonosze see Riesengebirge Kartsa see 1Oktyabr’skoye
Karla Libknekhta, imeni (town, western Rus- Kartuzy (town, northern Poland) : 1772–1807,
sia) : to 1930 Pensky Sakharny Zavod 1815–1919, 1939–1945 German Karthaus
Karla Libknekhta, imeni see (1) Pokrovs’ke; Karviná (city, eastern Czech Republic) : 1939–
(2) Shyrokolanivka; (3) Soledar 1945 German Karwin; 1918–1919, 1938–1939
Karla Libknekhta, imeny see (1) Pokrovs’ke; Polish Karwina; to 1918 German Karwin
(2) Shyrokolanivka Karwin see Karviná
Karla Marksa, imeni see Karlo-Marksove Karwina see Karviná
Karla Marksa, imeny see Karlo-Marksove Karyagino see Füzuli
Karlburg see Rusovce Kasanga (town, southwestern Tanzania) : for-
Karl-Marx-Stadt see Chemnitz merly German Bismarckburg
Karlobag (village, western Croatia) : to 1918 Ital- Kaschau see Ko§ice
ian Carlopago Kasevo see Neftekamsk
Karlo-Libknekhtivs’k see Soledar Kashgar see Kash
Karlo-Libknekhtovsk see Soledar Kashi (city, western China) : conventional En-
Karlo-Marksove (town, eastern Ukraine) : glish Kashgar
(Russian Karlo-Marksovo); 1924–1965 imeny Kashirinskoye see 2Oktyabr’skoye
Karla Marksa (Russian imeni Karla Marksa); Kashiwabara see Severo-Kuril’sk
to 1924 Sofiyivs’kyy Rudnyk (Russian Sofiyevsky Kashkatau (town, southwestern Russia) :
Rudnik); originally Sofiyivka (Russian Sofi- 1944–1990 Sovetskoye
yevka) Kashlaköy see Zimnitsa
Karlo-Marksovo see Karlo-Marksove Käsmark see Ke±marok
Karlovac (city, central Croatia) : to 1867 German Ka§perské Hory (town, southwestern Czech Re-
Karlstadt public) : to 1918, 1939–1945 German Berg-
Karlovac see Banatski Karlovac reichenstein
Karlovo (town, central Bulgaria) : 1953–1962 Kaspiysk (town, southwestern Russia) : 1936–
Levskigrad 1947 Dvigatel’stroy
 97 Kempen

Kaspiysky see Lagan’ Cappadociae; alternate Roman Caesarea Ma-

Kassa see Ko§ice zaca; ancient Greek Eusebeia
Kasserine see Al-Qa•rayn Kayshyadoris see Kai§iadorys
Kastav (village, western Croatia) : 1920–1944 Kayyngdy (town, northern Kyrgyzstan) :
Italian Castua (Russian Kainda); c.1945–1957 Russian Molo-
Kasteelbrakel see Braine-le-Château tovsk
Kastellorizon (island, southeastern Greece) : al- Kazakhstan see Aksay
ternate Turkish Megisti; 1932–1947 Italian Kazan see Kotel
Castelrosso (The island is claimed by Turkey Kazgorodok see Korgalzhyn
and its Turkish name is primary on many Kazi-Magomed see QazimImmId
maps.) Kazincbarcika (city, northeastern Hungary) : to
Katanga (province, southeastern Democratic Re- 1948 Sajókazinc
public of the Congo) : 1972–1997 Shaba; Kazinka (village, western Russia) : formerly No-
1947–1972 Katanga; 1935–1947 French Élisa- vaya Zhizn’
bethville; to 1935 Katanga (In 1960 Katanga Kazygurt (village, southern Kazakhstan) : for-
proclaimed itself a republic in the former merly Russian Leninskoye
Congo but its secession was ended in 1963.) Kechries (village, southeastern Greece) : biblical
Kataoka see Boykovo Cenchrea; ancient Greek Cenchreae (Paul sailed
Katerynoslav see Dnipropetrovs’k from this eastern port of 1Corinth on his sec-
Katharinenstadt see Marks ond missionary journey.)
Kato Achaia (town, western Greece) : ancient Kcdainiai (town, central Lithuania) : to 1918
Greek Dyme Russian Keydany
Katoomba (town, New South Wales, southeast- Kddzierzyn see Kddzierzyn-KoØle
ern Australia) : originally The Crushers Kddzierzyn-KoØle (town, southern Poland) : to
Katowice (city, southern Poland) : 1953–1958 1945 German Heydebreck; to 1934 Kddzierzyn
Stalinogród; to 1921, 1939–1945 German Katto- Keeler’s Mills see Norwood
witz Keeling Islands see Cocos Islands
Katscher see Kietrz Keflavík Field (airfield, southwestern Iceland) :
Kattowitz see Katowice to 1946 Meeks Field (The present international
Katyk see Shakhtars’k airport evolved from the U.S. Army air base
Katyshka see Golyshmanovo built here in World War II.)
KRty Wrocùawskie (town, southwestern Poland) Keg Grove see Bloomington
: to 1945 German Kanth Kegulta see Sadovoye
Kaufman Peak see Lenin Peak Kékâ see Modrï Kameû
Kaukehmen see Yasnoye Kellogg (town, Idaho, northwestern United
Kaunas (city, central Lithuania) : 1795–1918 States) : to 1894 Milo
Russian Kovno (The Russian name is associ- Kellomäki see Komarovo
ated with the 1915 siege by German troops Kells (town, northeastern Ireland) : Irish
which ended in the capture of the town.) Ceanannus Mór (The English name predomi-
Kaunchi see Yangiyul nates thanks to the Irish national treasure
Kaupangr see Trondheim known as the Book of Kells, an illuminated
Kavadar see Kavadarci gospel book originally in the monastery here
Kavadarci (village, north central Macedonia) : but now in the library of Trinity College,
1913–1941 Serbian Kavadar Dublin.)
Kavaklq see Topolovgrad Kelly’s Point see Invercargill
Kavaklii see Topolovgrad Kel’tsy see Kielce
Kavala see Kaválla Kelvedon (village, southeastern England) :
Kaválla (city, northeastern Greece) : to 1913 Roman Canonium
Turkish Kavala Kemanlar see Isperikh
Kavkaz see Caucasus Kemer (village, northwestern Turkey) : Roman
Kawakami see Sinegorsk Parium; ancient Greek Parion
Kaya (state, eastern Myanmar) : to 1952 Karenni Kemerovo (city, southern Russia) : to 1932
Kaydanovo see Dyarzhynsk Shcheglovsk
Kayin (state, eastern Myanmar) : formerly Karen Kemin (town, northern Kyrgyzstan) : formerly
Kaylar see Ptolemaïs Russian Bystrovka
Kayseri (city, central Turkey) : Roman Caesarea Kempen see Kdpno
Kempenland 98

Kempenland (region, northern Belgium) : Kernow see 1Cornwall

French Campine 1
Kerry (county, southwestern Ireland) : Irish
Kemper see Quimper Ciarraí
Kempten (city, southern Germany) : Roman 2
Kerry (village, eastern Wales) : Welsh
Cambodunum Llanfihangel-yng-Ngheri
Kenduskeag Plantation see 2Bangor Ke£an (town, northwestern Turkey) : 1920–1922
Kenitra (city, northwestern Morocco) : 1932– modern Greek Kesani
1958 French Port-Lyautey Kesani see Ke£an
Kenmare (town, southwestern Ireland) : Irish Keshishkend see Yeghegnadzor
Neidín Kesmárk see Ke±marok
Kennebunkport (town, Maine, northeastern Kessaria see Caesarea
United States) : 1717–1821 Arundel (Local au- Ketchenery (town, southwestern Russia) : for-
thor Kenneth Roberts used the town’s former merly Sovetskoye
name as the title and setting of his 1930 novel Kdtrzyn (city, northern Poland) : to 1945 Ger-
about Maine, the first of a series.) man Rastenburg
Kennedy, Cape see Canaveral, Cape Kettering (city, Ohio, north central United
Kenora (town, Ontario, southern Canada) : to States) : to 1952 Van Buren
1905 Rat Portage (The last two letters of the Kettle Creek Village see St. Thomas
town’s present name preserve the first two of Kdty (town, southern Poland) : 1940–1945 Ger-
its earlier name.) man Liebenwerde
Kenosha (city, Wisconsin, north central United Kewanee (town, Illinois, north central United
States) : to 1850 Southport; originally Pike States) : originally Berriam
Creek Kexholm see Priozyorsk
Kensington (village, Prince Edward Island, east- Keydany see Kcdainiai
ern Canada) : to early 1870s Barretts Cross Ke±marok (town, northern Slovakia) : to 1918
Kensington see 1Berlin Hungarian Kesmárk; to 1867 German Käsmark
1
Kent (county, southeastern England) : Roman Khabnoye see Polis’ke
Cantium (The Roman name applied to the Khadki see Aurangabad
peninsula here, between the Thames estuary Khadzhi-Dimitrovo (town, northern Bulgaria) :
and the Strait of Dover.) formerly Saryar
2
Kent (city, Ohio, north central United States) : Khadzhi-Eles see P≠rvomay
to 1867 Franklin Mills; originally Riedsburg Khainboaz see Republic Pass
Kentville (town, Nova Scotia, eastern Canada) : Khairepolis see Hayrabolu
to 1826 Horton Corner Khakassk see Abakan
Kenya (republic, eastern Africa) : to 1920 British Khakkulabad see 2Naryn
East Africa Khakurate see Takhtamukay
Kdpno (town, southwestern Poland) : 1793– Khalkís (city, central Greece) : to 1830 Turkish
1807, 1815–1919, 1939–1945 German Kempen Eğribos
Kerbi see Poliny Osipenko, imeni Khal’mer-Sede see Tazovsky
Kerch (city, southern Ukraine) : ancient Greek Khalturin see Orlov
Panticapaeum (The Kerch Strait, connecting Khamza see Hamza
the Sea of Azov with the Black Sea, was known Khamzoren see Bezmer
to the Romans as the Bosporus Cimmerius, as Khamzy Khakimzade, imeni see Hamza
distinct from the Bosporus Thracius, connect- Khanabad see Xonobod
ing the Black Sea with the Sea of Marmara. Khanbalik see Beijing
The name Bosporus alone usually refers to the Khankendy see Xankändi
latter.) Khanty-Mansiysk (city, central Russia) : to 1940
Kerensk see Vadinsk Ostyako-Vogul’sk (Both names are ethnic in
Kerinci, Mt. (western Indonesia) : to 1963 In- origin, from the Khanty, formerly the Ostyak,
drapura Peak and the Mansi, formerly the Vogul.)
Kerki see Atamyrat Kharagauli (town, west central Georgia) : 1949–
Kérkira see Corfu 1991 Russian Ordzhonikidze
Kermanshah (city, western Iran) : formerly (and Kharino see Beregovoy
now also alternate) Bakhtaran Kharkiv (city, northeastern Ukraine) : (Russian
Kermine see Navoiy Khar’kov); to 1918 Russian Khar’kov
Kernev-veur see Cornouaille Khar’kov see Kharkiv
 99 Killarney

Kharmanli (town, southern Bulgaria) : to 1878 Khrushchov see Svitlovods’k

Turkish Harmanli Khrushchyov see Svitlovods’k
Khaskovo (city, southern Bulgaria) : to 1878 Khujand (city, northwestern Tajikistan) : (Rus-
Turkish Hasköy sian Khodzhent); 1936–1991 Leninobod (Rus-
Khatsapetivka see Vuhlehirs’k sian Leninabad); to 1936 Russian Khodzhent;
Khatsapetovka see Vuhlehirs’k ancient Greek Cyropolis
Khavast see Xovos Khust (town, western Ukraine) : 1939–1945
Khebda (village, southwestern Russia) : formerly Hungarian Huszt; 1919–1945 Czech Chust; to
Sovetskoye 1918 Hungarian Huszt
Kheimarra see Himarë Khutir-Mykhaylivs’kyy see 1Druzhba
Khem-Beldyr see Kyzyl Khutor-Mikhaylovsky see 1Druzhba
Khemis el Khechna (town, northern Algeria) : Khuzestan (region, southwestern Iran) : formerly
to c.1962 French Fondouk Arabestan; ancient Greek Susiana (The name
Khemis Miliana (town, northern Algeria) : to Arabestan remains current in Arab countries.)
c.1962 French Affreville Kianly see Tarta
Kherson (city, southern Ukraine) : ancient Greek Kibbutz Mahar see Gevaram
Chersonesus (The Greek name, which gave the Kibris see Cyprus
modern one, properly applied to the Crimea, Kidwelly (town, southern Wales) : Welsh Cyd-
in which the city is located.) weli
Khibinogorsk see 1Kirovsk Kiel Canal (north central Germany) : alternate
Khíos (town, eastern Greece) : to 1812 Turkish German Nord-Ostsee Kanal; formerly Kaiser
Sakqz (The town lies on the island of the same Wilhelm Canal
name.) Kielce (city, southeastern Poland) : to 1915 Rus-
Khlebarovo see Tsar Kaloyan sian Kel’tsy
Khlynov see Vyatka Kietrz (town, southern Poland) : to 1945 Ger-
Khmel’nitsky see 1,2Khmel’nyts’kyy man Katscher
1
Khmel’nyts’kyy (city, west central Ukraine) : Kiev (city, north central Ukraine) : [Ukrainian
(Russian Khmel’nitsky); to 1954 Proskuriv (Pol- Kyiv]; (Russian Kiyev) to 1918 Russian Kiyev
ish Proskurów, Russian Proskurov); to 1780 Kikinda (city, northern Serbia) : to c.1947 Velika
Ploskyriv (Polish Ploskirów; Russian Ploskirov) Kikinda; to 1918 Hungarian Nag ykikinda
2
Khmel’nyts’kyy (administrative region, western Kikládhes see Cyclades
Ukraine) : (Russian Khmel’nitsky); to 1954 Kikvidze (town, western Russia) : to 1936 Preo-
Kam’yanets-Podil’s’kyy (Russian Kamenets- brazhenskaya
Podol’sky) Kilbourn see Wisconsin Dells
Khmer Republic see Cambodia Kildare (town, east central Ireland) : Irish Cill
Khobda (village, northwestern Kazakhstan) : Dara
formerly Russian Novoalekseyevka Kilgetty (village, southwestern Wales) : Welsh
Khodzhaakhrar see Ulugbek Cilgeti
Khodzhaarif see Shofirkon Kiliya (town, southwestern Ukraine) : 1919–
Khodzhent see Khujand 1940 Romanian Chilia-NouQ (Kilya is on the
Kholm see Cheùm river of the same name, here forming the bor-
Kholmsk (town, eastern Russia) : 1905–1945 der with Romania. The Romanian name
Japanese Maoka means “new Kiliya,” as against Chilia-Veche,
Khoni (town, western Georgia) : 1936–1991 Tsu- “old Kilya,” on the Romanian side of the
lukidze river.)
Khorixas (town, northwestern Namibia) : to Kilkee (town, western Ireland) : Irish Cill Chaoi
1974 Welwitschia Kilkeel (town, southeastern Northern Ireland) :
Khorramshahr (city, southwestern Iran) : to Irish Cill Chaoil
1924 Mohammerah Kilkenny (town, southeastern Ireland) : Irish
Khortitsa see Verkhnya Khortytsya Cill Chainnigh
Khortytsya see Verkhnya Khortytsya Kilkis (town, northeastern Greece) : to 1913
Khoshdala see Jomboy Turkish Kükü£
Khovrino see Krasnooktyabr’sky Killaloe (town, western Ireland) : Irish Cill
Khrapunovo see Vorovskogo, imeni Dalua
Khrisoupolis (town, northeastern Greece) : to Killarney (town, southwestern Ireland) : Irish
1912 Turkish Sarq£aban Cill Airne
Killiniq 100

Killiniq (village, Quebec, northeastern Canada) Kingsville see Thetford Mines

: formerly Port Burwell Kingwilliamstown see Ballydesmond
Killybegs (town, northwestern Ireland) : Irish Kinsale (town, southern Ireland) : Irish Cionn
Na Cealla Beaga tSáile
Kilmallock (town, southwestern Ireland) : Irish Kinshasa (city, western Democratic Republic of
Cill Mocheallóg the Congo) : to 1966 French Léopoldville
Kilómetro 924 see Angaco Norte Kinston (city, North Carolina, eastern United
Kilómetro 1082 see Joaquín V. González States) : to 1784 Kingston
Kilómetro 1172 see Campo Quijano Kintore (village, northeastern Scotland) : Roman
Kilrush (town, western Ireland) : Irish Cill Rois Devona (The Roman name, especially in the
Kim (town, northern Tajikistan) : to 1929 Rus- form Devana, has also been applied to the city
sian Santo (The oil-producing town’s former of Aberdeen, 12 miles to the southeast. The
name represents a Russian acronym meaning name is properly that of the Don River, on
“Central Asian Oil Trading Organization.”) which both Kintore and Aberdeen stand.)
Kimberley (town, British Columbia, southwest- Királyhelmec see Král’ovskï Chlmec
ern Canada) : to 1896 Mark Creek Crossing Kirawsk (town, east central Belarus) : (Russian
Kimch’aek (city, eastern North Korea) : to 1952 Kirovsk); to c.1940 Staritsy
Song jin Kqrcalq see K≠rdzhali
Kimmirut see Lake Harbour Kirchdrauf see Spi§ské Podhradie
Kimovsk (city, western Russia) : to 1948 Mikhay- Kirchholm see Salaspils
lovka Kirda see Gulbahor
Kimpolung see Cîmpulung Kirghizia see Kyrgyzstan
Kincardine (town, Ontario, southeastern Kirgiz-Kulak see Chirchiq
Canada) : to 1858 Penetangore Kiriath-Arba see Hebron
Kincraig see Naracoorte Kiribati (island republic, southwestern Pacific) :
King Country (region, northwestern New to 1979 Gilbert Islands (The republic takes its
Zealand) : Maori Rohe Potae name from the islands now in its western part
Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes see but formerly in the British Gilbert and Ellice
Yugoslavia Islands colony. The latter islands subsequently
King George V National Park see Taman Ne- became the republic of Tuvalu.)
gara National Park Kirillovka see 2Shevchenkove
Kingisepp (city, western Russia) : to 1922 Yam- Kirillovo (village, eastern Russia) : 1905–1945
burg Japanese Uryu
Kingisepp see Kuressaare Kiritimati (island, eastern Kiribati) : formerly
Kingnait see Cape Dorset Christmas Island (Kiritimati represents a local
Kingsboro see Gloversville pronunciation of the original English name.)
Kings Canyon National Park (California, west- Kirkby Thore (village, northwestern England) :
ern United States) : to 1940 General Grant Na- Roman Bravoniacum
tional Park Kqrk-Kilise see Kqrklareli
King’s County see Offaly Kqrklareli (city, northwestern Turkey) : formerly
King’s Ferry see Queensferry Kqrk-Kilise; 1920–1922 modern Greek Saranta
King’s Lynn (town, eastern England) : to 1537 Ekkl`siai; 1912–1913 Bulgarian Lozengrad
(and current local) Lynn; formerly Lynn Regis Kirksville (town, Missouri, central United
King’s Mill Station see Kingsport States) : originally Hopkinsville
Kingsport (city, Tennessee, east central United Kirmasti see Mustafakemalpa£a
States) : formerly King’s Port; earlier King’s Mill Kirov (city, western Russia) : to 1936 Pesochnya
Station; originally Island Flats (Other names to Kirov see Vyatka
1774 were Boat Yard and Christiansville.) Kirova, imeni see (1) Bankä; (2) Beshariq;
King’s Port see Kingsport (3) Kirove; (4) 2Kirovs’k
1
Kingston (city, New York, northeastern United Kirova, imeny see (1) Kirove; (2) 2Kirovs’k
States) : 1661–1669 Wiltwyck; to 1661 Esopus Kirovabad see (1) Gäncä; (2) Panj
2
Kingston (village, Rhode Island, northeastern Kirovakan see Vanadzor
United States) : to 1885 Little Rest Kirove (town, eastern Ukraine) : (Russian
Kingston see (1) Kinston; (2) West Lafayette Kirovo); 1938–1965 imeny Kirova (Russian
Kingston upon Hull see 1Hull imeni Kirova); to 1938 Syevernyy Rudnyk (Rus-
Kingstown see Dún Laoghaire sian Severny Rudnik)
 101 Klukhori

Kirove see Kirovohrad 1824–1916 Berlin; earlier Ebytown; originally

Kirovgrad (city, western Russia) : 1928–1935 Sand Hill
Kalata; to 1928 Kalatinsky Zavod Kitikmeot (region, Northwest Territories, north-
Kirovo (village, west central Russia) : to 1939 ern Canada) : to 1982 Central Arctic
Voskresenskoye Kitsman’ (town, western Ukraine) : 1919–1940
Kirovo see (1) Beshariq; (2) Kirove;(3) Kiro- Romanian Co´man; to 1918 German Kotzmann
vohrad Kittery (town, Maine, northeastern United
Kirovograd see Kirovohrad States) : originally Piscataqua Plantation
Kirovohrad (city, south central Ukraine) : (Rus- Kivertsi (town, northwestern Ukraine) : (Rus-
sian Kirovograd); 1934–1939 Kirove (Russian sian Kivertsy); 1919–1939 Polish Kiwerce
Kirovo); 1924–1934 Zinov’yevs’k (Russian Kivertsy see Kivertsi
Zinov’yevsk); to 1924 Yelyzavethrad (Russian Kiwerce see Kivertsi
Yelizavetgrad) Kiyev see Kiev
1
Kirovsk (town, northwestern Russia) : to 1934 Kqzqlağaç see Elkhovo
Khibinogorsk Kqzqlqrmak (river, north central Turkey) : ancient
2
Kirovsk (town, western Russia) : to 1953 Nev- Greek Halys (The ancient name means “salt
dubstroy river,” the modern name “red river.”)
Kirovsk see (1) Babadaykhan; (2) Kirawsk; Kladovo (village, eastern Serbia) : to 1878 Turk-
(3) 1,2Kirovs’k ish Fethülislâm
1
Kirovs’k (city, eastern Ukraine, near Stakhanov) Klaipcda (city, eastern Lithuania) : to 1945 Ger-
: (Russian Kirovsk); to 1944 Holubivs’kyy Rud- man Memel (The Lithuanian and German
nyk (Russian Golubovsky Rudnik) names were both in use over the period 1923–
2
Kirovs’k (town, eastern Ukraine, near Krasnyy 1939. The German name is a corrupt form of
Lyman) : (Russian Kirovsk); 1941–1965 imeny that of the Neman River, at the mouth of
Kirova (Russian imeni Kirova); to 1941 Popivka which the city lies.)
(Russian Popovka) Klamath Falls (town, Oregon, northwestern
1
Kirovs’ke (city, eastern Ukraine, near Yenaki- United States) : to 1893 Linkville
yeve) : (Russian Kirovskoye) to 1956 Nova Klatovy (town, southwestern Czech Republic) :
Khrestivka (Russian Novaya Krestovka) to 1918, 1939–1945 German Klattau
2
Kirovs’ke (town, eastern Ukraine, near Dnipro- Klattau see Klatovy
petrovs’k) : (Russian Kirovskoye); to 1938 Klausberg see Mikulczyce
Obukhivka (Russian Obukhovka) Klausenburg see Cluj
3
Kirovs’ke (town, southern Ukraine) : (Russian Klazumen (village, southwestern Turkey) : an-
Kirovskoye); to 1944 Islam-Terek cient Greek Clazomenae (The original Greek
Kirovskoye see (1) 1,2,3Kirovs’ke; (2) Kyzyl- city was on the mainland, but was then moved
Adyr to a nearby island for fear of an attack.)
1
Kirovsky (town, southwestern Russia) : to 1934 Kléber see Sidi Ben Yekba
Nikitinskiye Promysly Klein Boetsap see Reivilo
2
Kirovsky (town, eastern Russia) : to 1939 Us- Klein-Schlattern see Zlatna
penka Kleve (city, western Germany) : formerly English
Kirovsky see Balpyk Bi Cleves (The English name is historically famil-
Kisangani (city, northwestern Democratic Re- iar from Anne of Cleves, fourth wife of Henry
public of the Congo) : to 1966 Stanleyville; VIII.)
originally Falls Station Klimentina see Trud
Kishinyov see Chi£inQu Klisura (town, central Bulgaria) : to 1878 Turk-
Kishkenekol’ (town, northern Kazakhstan) : for- ish Dervent
merly Kzyltu KljajiWevo (village, northern Serbia) : to 1948
Kisielice (town, northeastern Poland) : to 1919, Krnjaja
1939–1945 German Freystadt Kùodnica (town, southern Poland) : to 1945 Ger-
Kismarton see Eisenstadt man Klodnitz
Kisszeben see Sabinov Klodnitz see Kùodnica
Kisumu (town, western Kenya) : formerly Port Kùodzko (city, southwestern Poland) : to 1945
Florence German Glatz
Kiszucaújhely see Kysucké Nové Mesto Kluczbork (town, southern Poland) : to 1945
Kita-kozawa see Tel’novsky German Kreuzburg
Kitchener (city, Ontario, southern Canada) : Klukhori see Karachayevsk
Klyuchevsk 102

Klyuchevsk (town, western Russia) : to 1933 Kohlfurt see Wdgliniec

Tyoply Klyuch Koivisto see 2Primorsk
Klyuchinsky see Krasnomaysky Kokankishlak see Paxtaobod
Knelston (village, southern Wales) : Welsh Llan- Kokenhausen see Koknese
y-Tair-Mair Kokkola (town, western Finland) : formerly
Knighton (town, eastern Wales) : Welsh Trefyclo Swedish Gamlakarleby (The Swedish name
Knights Enham see Enham Alamein means “old Karleby,” and almost half of the
Knob Lake see Schefferville town’s inhabitants are Swedish-speaking.)
Knock (village, western Ireland) : Irish An Cnoc Koknese (village, south central Latvia) : to 1917
Knox (town, Pennsylvania, northeastern United Geman Kokenhausen
States) : to 1933 Edenburg Kokopo (town, central Papua New Guinea) :
Knoxville (city, Tennessee, east central United formerly German Herbertshöhe
States) : to 1791 White’s Fort Kolarov (mountain, western Bulgaria) : to 1949
Knyaginin see Knyaginino Belmeken
Knyaginino (town, western Russia) : to 1926 Kolarovgrad see Shumen
Knyaginin Kolárovo (town, western Slovakia) : to 1918,
Knyaginya Nadezhda see Nova Nadezhda 1938–1945 Hungarian Gúta
Knyazheva Polyana see Smirnenski Kolay see Azovs’ke
Knyazhevo (town, western Bulgaria) : to 1878 Kolberg see Koùobrzeg
Turkish Bali Efendi (The town is now a suburb Kol’chugino see Leninsk-Kuznetsky
of Sofia.) Kolin see Kolín
Knyaz Simeonovo see Obedinenie Kolín (town, north central Czech Republic) : to
Koartac see Quaqtaq 1918, 1939–1945 German Kolin
Kobarid (village, northwestern Slovenia) : 1919– Kolkata (city, northeastern India) : conventional
1947 Italian Caporetto; to 1918 German Karfreit English Calcutta (The English name is associ-
Kobbelbude see Svetly ated with the Black Hole of Calcutta, the
Köben an der Oder see Chobienia small room in which many English were im-
København see Copenhagen prisoned by the nawab of Bengal in 1756, as
Koblenz (city, western Germany) : Roman Con- well as with the Calcutta Cup, awarded from
fluentes 1878 to the winner of an annual rugby match
Kobryn (city, southwestern Belarus) : 1919–1939 between England and Scotland.)
Polish Kobryü Kolkhozabad see (1) Kolkhozobod (2) Vose
Kobryü see Kobryn Kolkhozobod (town, southwestern Tajikistan) :
Koçana see KoVani (Russian Kolkhozabad); to 1950s Russian
KoVane see KoVani Kaganovichabad
KoVani (village, east central Macedonia) : 1913– Kolkhozobod see Vose
1941 Serbian KoVane; to 1913 Turkish Koçana Kolmar see Chodzie∞
KoVevje (town, southern Slovenia) : to 1918 Ger- Köln see Cologne
man Gottschee Koùo (town, central Poland) : 1940–1945 Ger-
Kochina see Profesor Ishirkovo man Warthbrücken
Kochubey (town, southwestern Russia) : to Koùobrzeg (city, northwestern Poland) : to 1945
c.1960 Chyorny Rynok German Kolberg
Kochubeyevskoye (village, southwestern Russia) Kolomea see Kolomyya
: formerly Ol’ginskoye Koùomyja see Kolomyya
Kodok (town, southeastern Sudan) : to 1905 Kolomyya (city, western Ukraine) : to 1939 Pol-
Fashoda (The historical name is associated ish Koùomyja; earlier German Kolomea
with the 1898 “Fashoda Incident” which Kolosjoki see Nikel’
brought Britain and France to the brink of Kolozsvár see Cluj
war. The Anglo-French entente formed in Komárno (city, southwestern Slovakia) : to 1867
1904 prompted the British to change the name German Komorn (Komárno, on the north bank
to efface the memory of the incident.) of the Danube, is a twin city of Komárom, on
Kofarnihon (city, western Tajikistan) : 1936– the south bank.)
1992 Orjonikidzeobod (Russian Ordzhonikidze- Komárom (city, northwestern Hungary) : to
abad); to 1936 Yangi-Bazar 1867 German Komorn (Komárom, on the
Kogon (city, southern Uzbekistan) : (Russian south bank of the Danube, is a twin city of
Kagan); to c.1935 Russian Novaya Bukhara Komárno, on the north bank.)
 103 Korcë

Komarovo (town, western Russia) : to 1948 Königgratz see Hradec Králové

Finnish Kellomäki Königinhof an der Elbe see DvÀr Králové nad
Komavangard see Sobinka Labem
Komintern see (1) Marhanets’; (2) Novo- Königliche Weinberge see Královské Vino-
shakhtinsk hrady
Kominternivs’ke (town, southern Ukraine) : Königsberg see (1) Chojna; (2) Kaliningrad
(Russian Kominternovskoye); to 1933 Antonove- Königshütte see Chorzów
Kodyntseve (Russian Antono-Kodintsevo) Königszelt see Jaworzina ¡lRska
Kominternovskoye see Kominternivs’ke Konitz see Chojnice
Komisarivka (town, eastern Ukraine) : (Russian Konopischt see Konopi§tfi
Komissarovka); to 1917 Holubivka (Russian Konopi§tfi (village, central Czech Republic) : to
Golubovka) 1918, 1939–1945 German Konopischt
Komissarovka see Komisarivka Konradshof see Skawina
Kommunar (town, southern Russia) : to 1932 Konstable Hoeck see 2Bayonne
Bogomdarovanny Konstadt see Woùczyn
Kommunarsk see Alchevs’k Konstantinograd see Krasnohrad
Komorn see (1) Komárno, (2) Komárom Konstantinovka see (1) Kostyantynivka;
Komotau see Chomutov (2) Yuzhnoukrayins’k
Komotiní (town, northeastern Greece) : 1913– Konstanz (city, southwestern Germany) : tradi-
1919 Bulgarian Gyumyurdzhina; to 1913 Turk- tional English (and still current French) Con-
ish Gümülcine stance; Roman Constantia (see also Constance,
Kompong Som see Sihanoukville Lake)
Komsomolabad see Komsomolobod Konuma see 2Novoaleksandrovsk
Komsomolets see Karabalyk Konya (city, southwestern Turkey) : Roman Ico-
Komsomolobod (village, central Tajikistan) : nium
(Russian Komsomolabad); to c.1935 Pombachi Konyrat (town, east central Kazakhstan) : for-
Komsomol’sk (village, western Russia) : to 1945 merly Russian Kounradsky
German Löwenhagen Koper (town, southwestern Slovenia) : 1919–
1
Komsomol’s’ke (town, eastern Ukraine) : (Rus- 1954 Italian Capodistria; Roman Justinopolis;
sian Komsomol’skoye); to 1949 Karakubbud earlier Roman Aegidia (From 1947 to 1954,
(Russian Karakubstroy) when it passed to Yugoslavia, Koper was in
2
Komsomol’s’ke (village, west central Ukraine) : Zone B of the Free Territory of Trieste.)
(Russian Komsomol’skoye); to c.1935 Kopeysk (city, southwestern Russia) : 1928–1933
Makhnivka (Russian Makhnovka) Kopi; to 1928 Goskopi; originally Ugol’nyye Kopi
1
Komsomol’skoye (village, southwestern Russia) Kopi see Kopeysk
: to 1941 German Friedenfeld (The town’s ear- Kopreinitz see Koprivnica
lier German name is due to its location in the Koprinka (reservoir, central Bulgaria) : to c.1989
former Volga German Autonomous Soviet So- Georgi Dimitrov
cialist Republic.) Koprivnica (town, central Croatia) : to 1867
2
Komsomol’skoye (village, western Russia) : to German Kopreinitz
1939 Bol’shoy Kosheley Kop†ivnice (city, eastern Czech Republic) : for-
Komsomol’skoye see 1,2Komsomol’s’ke merly German Nesselsdorf
1
Komsomol’sky (village, southwestern Russia) : Koprivshtitsa (town, west central Bulgaria) : to
formerly Krasny Kamyshanik 1878 Turkish Avratalan
2
Komsomol’sky (village, western Russia) : for- Köprü (river, southern Turkey) : ancient Greek
merly Zavodskoy Eurymedon
Komsomol’sky see (1) Chirchiq; (2) Komso- Köprü see =uprija
mol’s’kyy; (3) Yugorsk Köprüköy see (1) Grozdyovo; (2) Ivanski
Komsomol’s’kyy (town, eastern Ukraine) : (Rus- Köprülü see Veles
sian Komsomol’sky); to 1943 Tsentrosoyuz Kopychintsy see Kopychyntsi
Komunars’k see Alchevs’k Kopychyntsi (town, west central Ukraine) :
Konakovo (town, western Russia) : to 1930 (Russian Kopychintsy); to 1939 Polish Kopy-
Kuznetsovo czyüce
Kondinskoye (town, western Russia) : formerly Kopyczyüce see Kopychyntsi
Nakhrachi Korcë (city, southeastern Albania) : 1919–1921
Kondinskoye see 3Oktyabr’skoye modern Greek Korytsa
KorVula 104

KorVula (town, southern Croatia) : 1941–1943 Koschmin see KoØmin

Italian Curzola Ko¢cian (town, west central Poland) : 1793–
Korday (town, southeastern Kazakshtan) : for- 1807, 1815–1919, 1939–1935 German Kosten
merly Georgiyevka (The town, near the border Ko¢cierzyna (town, northern Poland) : 1772–
with Kyrgyzstan, should not be confused with 1919, 1939–1945 German Berent
the village of Kurday, 30 miles to the northeast.) Koshedary see Kai§iadorys
Korea (country, eastern Asia) : [Korean Chosŏn or Koshu-Kavak see Krumovgrad
Taehan] (The Korean names belong respec- Ko§ice (city, southeastern Slovakia) : to 1918,
tively to the republics of North Korea and 1938–1945 Hungarian Kassa; to 1867 German
South Korea.) Kaschau
Korenica see Titova Korenica Kosiorovo see Stanychno-Luhans’ke
Korenovsk (city, southwestern Russia) : 1961 Kosiv (town, western Ukraine) : (Russian Kosov);
Korenovskaya 1919–1939 Polish Kosów
Korenovskaya see Korenovsk Köslin see Koszalin
Korets’ (town, northwestern Ukraine) : 1919– Kosmet see Kosovo
1939 Polish Korzec Kosov see Kosiv
Korgalzhyn (town, north central Kazakhstan) : Kosovo (republic, southeastern Europe) : 1946–
formerly Russian Kurgal’dzhinsky; to 1937 Rus- 1971 Serbian Kosovo-Metohija; alternate former
sian Kazgorodok Kosmet; Roman Dardania (Kosmet is a short
Kórinthos see 1Corinth form of the longer Serbian name.)
Körmöcbánya see Kremnica Kosovo-Metohija see Kosovo
Kornevo (village, western Russia) : to 1945 Ger- Kosovska Mitrovica (town, north central
man Zinten Kosovo) : formerly Titova Mitrovica; to 1913
Korobkovo see Gubkin Turkish Mitroviça (The first word of the name
Korolyov (city, western Russia) : 1938–1996 distinguishes the town from Sremska Mitro-
Kaliningrad; 1928–1938 Kalininsky; earlier vica in Serbia.)
Podlipki (The city is now a suburb of Moscow. Kosów see Kosiv
Its former name should not lead to confusion Kosseir see Quseir
with Kaliningrad, in the western exclave of Kossovo see Kosava
this name.) Kossów see Kosava
Körömezâ see Yasinya Kosta-Khetagurovo see Nazran’
Koromo see Toyota Kosten see Ko¢cian
Korovino see Solntsevo Köstendil see Kyustendil
Korpona see Krupina Kostolac (town, eastern Serbia) : Roman Vimi-
Korsakov (city, eastern Russia) : 1905–1945 Japa- nacium
nese Otomari; to 1905 Korsakovsky Kostopil’ (city, northwestern Ukraine) : (Russian
Korsakovsky see Korsakov Kostopol’ ); 1919–1939 Polish Kostopol
Korsovka see KIrsava Kostopol’ see Kostopil’
Korsun’ see Korsun’-Shevchenkivs’kyy Kostrzyn (town, western Poland) : to 1945 Ger-
Korsun’-Shevchenkivs’kyy (city, north central man Küstrin
Ukraine) : (Russian Korsun’-Shevchenkovsky); Kostyantynivka (town, eastern Ukraine) : (Rus-
to 1944 Korsun’ (Russian Korsun’) sian Konstantinovka)
Korsun’-Shevchenkovsky see Korsun’- Kostyantynivka see Yuzhnoukrayins’k
Shevchenkivs’kyy Kostyantynohrad see Krasnohrad
Kortrijk (city, northwestern Belgium) : French Kosyorove see Stanychno-Luhans’ke
Courtrai; Roman Cortracum (Although the Koszalin (city, northwestern Poland) : to 1945
town is in the Flemish-speaking half of Bel- German Köslin
gium, English speakers often refer to it by its Kâszeg (town, western Hungary) : to 1867 Ger-
French name, itself historically associated with man Güns
the 1302 Battle of the Golden Spurs, in which Kotabaru see Zhezdy
the Flemish defeated the French.) Kota Kinabalu (city, northeastern Malaysia) : to
Koryakovsky Forpost see Pavlodar 1968 Jesselton
Korytsa see Korcë Kotel (town, east central Bulgaria) : to 1878
Korzec see Korets’ Turkish Kazan
1
Kosava (town, southwestern Belarus) : (Russian Kotel’nikovo (town, southwestern Russia) : to
Kossovo); 1919–1939 Polish Kossów 1929 Kotel’nikovskaya
 105 Krasnoarmeyskoye
2
Kotel’nikovo (village, western Russia) : to 1949 Kralovice (town, west central Czech Republic) :
Salyuzi to 1918, 1939–1945 German Kralowitz
Kotel’nikovskaya see 1Kotel’nikovo Královské Vinohrady (village, west central
Kotor (town, southwestern Montenegro) : 1941– Czech Republic) : to 1918 German Königliche
1943 Italian Cattaro Weinberge (The village was incorporated into
Kotovsk (town, western Russia) : 1930–1940 Prague in 1919 as district Praha XII.)
Krasny Boyevik Král’ovskï Chlmec (town, southeastern Slovakia)
Kotovsk see (1) Hînce£ti; (2) Kotovs’k : to 1918, 1938–1944 Hungarian Királyhelmec
Kotovs’k (city, southwestern Ukraine) : (Russian Kralowitz see Kralovice
Kotovsk); to 1935 Birzula Kralup an der Moldau see Kralupy nad
Kotovskoye see Hînce£ti Vltavou
Kotsmann see Kitsman’ Kralupy nad Vltavou (town, north central
Kotsyubinskoye see Kotsyubyns’ke Czech Republic) : to 1918, 1939–1945 German
Kotsyubyns’ke (town, north central Ukraine) : Kralup an der Moldau
(Russian Kotsyubinskoye); to 1941 Berkovets’ Kranj (city, northern Slovenia) : to 1918, 1941–
(Russian Berkovets) (Kotsyubyns’ke is now a 1944 German Krainburg; Roman Carnium
suburb of Kiev.) Kranjska Gora (village, northwestern Slovenia) :
Kotzenau see Chocianów to 1918 German Kronau
Kounradsky see Konyrat Kranz see Zelenogradsk
Kousséri (city, northern Cameroon) : formerly Krapkowice (town, southwestern Poland) : to
French Fort-Foureau 1945 German Krappitz
Kovel’ (city, central Ukraine) : 1919–1939 Polish Krappitz see Krapkowice
Kowel Kraskino (town, eastern Russia) : formerly No-
Kovno see Kaunas vokiyevskoye
Kowary (town, southwestern Poland) : formerly KrIslava (town, southeastern Latvia) : to 1918
Krzy∞atka; to 1945 German Schmiedeberg Russian Kreslavka
Kowel see Kovel’ Kraslice (town, northwestern Czech Republic) :
Koza see Okinawa to 1918, 1939–1945 German Graslitz
Kozhikode (city, southwestern India) : dated Krasnaya Gora see 1Krasnogorsk
English Calicut (The city was long in British Krasnaya Sloboda see Krasnoslobodsk
hands, and its English name was probably Krasni Okny (town, southern Ukraine) : (Rus-
influenced by Calcutta, now Kolkata.) sian Krasnyye Okny); to 1919 Okny
1
KoØle (town, southern Poland) : to 1945 German Krasnoarmeysk (town, western Russia, near
Cosel Moscow) : 1928–1947 Krasnoarmeysky; to 1928
Kozlikha see Sitniki Voznesenskaya Manufaktura (The earliest name
Kozlov see Michurinsk was that of a textile factory, originally renamed
Kozludzha see Suvorovo fabrika imeni Krasnoy Armii i Flota, “factory
KoØmin (town, west central Poland) : 1793–1807, named for the Red Army and Navy.”)
2
1815–1919, 1939–1945 German Koschmin Krasnoarmeysk (town, western Russia, near
Ko∞uchów (town, western Poland) : to 1945 Saratov) : 1926–1942 Bal’tser; to 1926 Goly
German Freystadt Karamysh (The name Bal’tser, first given by
Kozyol see Mykhaylo-Kotsyubyns’ke German settlers in the form Balzer at the end
Krainburg see Kranj of the 18th century, existed in parallel with
Krakau see Kraków Goly Karamysh until 1926, when it became the
Kraków (city, southern Poland) : conventional sole name.)
3
English Cracow; 1795–1818, 1940–1945 Ger- Krasnoarmeysk (town, southwestern Russia) :
man Krakau to 1920 Sarepta (The town, now a suburb of
Kraljevica (town, western Croatia) : to 1867 Ital- Volgograd, evolved its former name from the
ian Porto Rè biblical name Zarephath. See Tsrifin.)
Kraljevina Serba, Hrvata i Slovenaca see Krasnoarmeysk see (1) Krasnoarmiys’k;
Yugoslavia (2) Tayynsha
Kraljevo (city, south central Serbia) : 1949–mid– Krasnoarmeyskaya see Poltavskaya
1960s RankoviWevo Krasnoarmeyskoye (village, western Russia) : to
Kralovan see Kral’ovany 1939 Peredniye Traki
Kral’ovany (village, northern Slovakia) : to 1918 Krasnoarmeyskoye see (1) Krasnoarmiys’k;
Hungarian Kralován (2) Urus-Martan; (3) Vil’nyans’k
Krasnoarmeysky 106

Krasnoarmeysky see 1Krasnoarmeysk Krasnomaysky (town, western Russia) : to 1940

Krasnoarmeysky Rudnik see Dobropillya Klyuchinsky
Krasnoarmiys’k (city, eastern Ukraine) : (Rus- Krasnooktyabr’sky (town, western Russia) : to
sian Krasnoarmeysk); 1938–1964 Krasno- 1928 Khovrino (The town is now part of Mos-
armiys’ke (Russian Krasnoarmeyskoye); 1934– cow.)
1938 Postysheve (Russian Postyshevo); to 1934 Krasnooktyabr’sky see Shopokov
Hryshyne (Russian Grishino) Krasnooostrovsky (village, western Russia) :
Krasnoarmiys’ke see Krasnoarmiys’k 1940–1948 Byorksky (The previous name is a
Krasnodar (city, southwestern Russia) : to 1920 Russian adjectival form of the former Finnish
Yekaterinodar name Björko.)
Krasnodon (city, eastern Ukraine) : to 1938 Krasnopartizansk see Belogorsk
Sorokyne (Russian Sorokino) Krasnorechenskoye see Krasnorichens’ke
Krasnogorovka see Krasnohorivka Krasnorichens’ke (town, eastern Ukraine) :
1 (Russian Krasnorechenskoye); formerly Kaban’ye
Krasnogorsk (city, western Russia) : to 1932
Optikogorsk; formerly Krasnaya Gora; origi- Krasnosel’sk see Chambarak
nally Banki (The settlement of Krasnaya Gora Krasnoslobodsk (town, southwestern Russia) :
arose when an optical factory was moved to to 1955 Krasnaya Sloboda
Banki in 1927. The two were then united as Krasnoturansk (town, southern Russia) : for-
Optikogorsk.) merly Abakanskoye
2
Krasnogorsk (town, eastern Russia) : 1905– Krasnotur’insk (town, west central Russia) : to
1945 Japanese Chinnai 1944 Tur’inskiye Rudniki
1
Krasnogorskoye (village, western Russia) : to Krasnoural’sk (town, western Russia) : 1929–
1938 Baryshnikovo 1932 Uralmedstroy; to 1929 Bogomolstroy
2
Krasnogorskoye (village, southern Russia) : for- Krasnoural’sky Rudnik see Novoasbest
merly Staraya Barda Krasnovodsk see Turkmenbashi
Krasnogorsky (town, western Russia) : to 1938 Krasnoyarsk (city, east central Russia) : origi-
Ilet nally Krasny Yar
Krasnogorsky Rudnik see Krasnohorivka Krasnoye see 2Chervone
Krasnograd see Krasnohrad Krasnoye Ekho (town, western Russia) : to 1925
Krasnogrigor’yevka see Chervonohryhorivka Novogordino
Krasnogvardeysk see (1) Bulung’ur; Krasnoye Selo (town, western Russia) : formerly
(2) Gatchina Krasny (The former village was incorporated
1
Krasnogvardeyskoye (town, western Russia) : into Leningrad in 1973.)
early 1920s–1960s Budyonnoye; to early 1930s Krasnoye Znamya see Rubizhne
Biryuch Krasnozavodsk (town, western Russia) : to 1940
2 Zagorsky
Krasnogvardeyskoye (village, southwestern
Russia, near Krasnodar) : formerly Nikolayev- Krasnoznamensk (town, western Russian) :
skoye 1938–1945 German Haselberg; to 1938 Ger-
3
Krasnogvardeyskoye (village, southwestern man Lasdehnen
Russia, near Stavropol’) : formerly Yevdoki- Krasnoznamenskoye see Yegindykol’
movskoye Krasny see (1) Krasnoye Selo; (2) Mozhga
Krasnogvardeyskoye see Krasnohvardiys’ke Krasny Bor (village, western Russia) : formerly
Krasnogvardeysky (town, west central Russia) : P’yany Bor
to 1938 Irbitsky Zavod Krasny Boyevik see Kotovsk
Krasnohirs’kyy Rudnyk see Krasnohorivka Krasny Kamyshanik see 1Komsomol’sky
Krasnohorivka (town, eastern Ukraine) : (Rus- Krasny Klyuch (town, southwestern Russia) :
sian Krasnogorovka); formerly Krasnohirs’kyy formerly Bely Klyuch
Rudnyk (Russian Krasnogorsky Rudnik) Krasny Liman see Krasnyy Lyman
Krasnohrad (town, northeastern Ukraine) : Krasny Luch see Krasnyy Luch
(Russian Krasnograd); to 1922 Kostyantynohrad Krasny Mayak (town, western Russia) : to 1925
(Russian Konstantinograd) Yakunchikov
Krasnohvardiys’ke (town, southern Ukraine) : Krasny Oktyabr’ (village, western Russia, near
(Russian Krasnogvardeyskoye); to 1945 Kurman- Kirzhach) : to 1919 Voznesensky
Kemelchi Krasny Oktyabr’ see Baran
Krasnokokshaysk see Yoshkar-Ola Krasny Profintern (town, western Russia) :
Krasnokutsk see Aktogay c.1926–1945 Gruzitsino; to c.1926 Ponizovkino
 107 Krynica Morska

Krasny Steklovar (town, western Russia) : to 1941–1943 Italian Veglia (The town lies on the
1939 Kuzhery island of the same name.)
Krasny Sulin (city, southwestern Russia) : to Krkono§e see Riesengebirge
1926 Sulin Krn (mountain, northwestern Slovenia) : 1919–
Krasny Tekstil’shchik (town, southwestern Rus- 1947 Italian Nero
sia) : to 1929 Saratovskaya Manufaktura Krnjaja see KljajiWevo
Krasny Ural see Uralets Krnov (town, northeastern Czech Republic) : to
Krasny Yar see Krasnoyarsk 1918, 1938–1939 German Jägerndorf
Krasnyye Okny see Krasni Okny Królewska Huta see Chorzów
Krasnyy Luch (city, eastern Ukraine) : (Russian Kromfi†í± (town, eastern Czech Republic) : to
Krasny Luch); to 1926 Kryndachivka (Russian 1867, 1939–1945 German Kremsier
Krindachyovka) Kronau see Kranjska Gora
Krasnyy Lyman (city, eastern Ukraine) : (Rus- Kronshlot see Kronshtadt
sian Krasny Liman); to 1938 Lyman (Russian Kronshtadt (town, western Russia) : to 1723
Liman) Kronshlot (The former name is a Russian
Kratovo (village, northern Macedonia) : to 1913 transliterated form of Swedish Kronslott,
Turkish Karatova “crown castle.” The present name represents
Kratske see Podchinny German Kronstadt, “crown city,” as formerly
Krava†e (town, eastern Czech Republic) : to for Bra£ov, Romania.)
1919, 1938–1945 German Deutsch-Krawarn Kronstadt see Bra£ov
1
Kremenets see Kremenets’ Kropotkin (town, southwestern Russia) : to
Kremenets’ (city, western Ukraine) : 1919–1939 1921 Romanovsky Khutor
2
Polish Krzemieniec; to 1918 Russian Kremenets Kropotkin (town, southern Russia) : to 1930
Kremges see Svitlovods’k Tikhono-Zadonsky
Kremhes see Svitlovods’k Krosno (town, southeastern Poland) : 1940–1945
Kremnica (town, central Slovakia) : to 1918 German Crossen
Hungarian Körmöcbánya; to 1867 German Krosno Odrzaüskie (town, western Poland) : to
Kremnitz 1945 German Crossen
Kremnitz see Kremnica Krotoschin see Krotoszyn
Kremsier see Kromfi†í± Krotoszyn (town, west central Poland) : 1793–
Krenau see Chrzanów 1807, 1815–1919, 1939–1945 German Krotoschin
Kreslavka see KrIslava Kr§ko (town, southern Slovenia) : to 1918 Ger-
Kressendorf see Krzeszowice man Gurkfeld
Kreuz see (1) Kri±evci; (2) Krzy∞ Kruglyakov see 7Oktyabr’sky
Kreuzberg see Slavskoye Krujë (town, north central Albania) : to 1912
Kreuzburg see (1) Kluczbork; (2) Krustpils Turkish Akhisar
Kreuzingen see Bolshakovo Krumau an der Moldau see Teskï Krumlov
Krindachyovka see Krasny Luch Krummhübel see Karpacz
Krinichansky see Chervonogvardiys’ke Krumovgrad (town, southern Bulgaria) : to 1934
Kristiania see Oslo Turkish Koshu-Kavak
Kristiinankaupunki (town, western Finland) : Krumovo (village, south central Bulgaria) : to
formerly Swedish Kristinestad (The town is 1893 Turkish Pasha Makhala
generally known by its Swedish name and its Krung Thep see Bangkok
inhabitants are largely Swedish-speaking.) Krupina (town, southern Slovakia) : to 1918
Kristinehamn (town, west central Sweden) : to Hungarian Korpona
1642 Bro Krustpils (town, central Latvia) : to 1918 Ger-
Kristinestad see Kristiinankaupunki man Kreuzburg
Kristinopol’ see Chervonohrad Krylovkskaya (village, southwestern Russia) :
Kritsim see Stamboliyski formerly Yekaterinovskaya
Kriva Palanka (village, northern Macedonia) : to Krym see Crimea
1913 Turkish Eğripalanka Krymsk (town, southwestern Russia) : formerly
Krivaya Kosa see Syedove Krymskaya
Krivoy Rog see Kryvyy Rih Krymskaya see Krymsk
Kri±evci (town, central Croatia) : to 1867 Ger- Kryndachivka see Krasnyy Luch
man Kreuz Krynica Morska (village, northern Poland) : to
Krk (town, northwestern Croatia) : to 1918, 1945 German Kahlberg
Krynychans’kyy 108

Krynychans’kyy see Chervonogvardiys’ke Kükü£ see Kilkis

Krystynopil’ see Chervonohrad Kulan (village, southern Kazakhstan) : formerly
Krystynopol see Chervonohrad Russian Lugovoye (The new name avoids con-
Kryva Kosa see Syedove fusion with the town of Lugovoy, a few miles to
Kryvyy Rih (city, eastern Ukraine) : (Russian the northeast.)
Krivoy Rog) Kuldiga see Kuldnga
Krzemieniec see Kremenets’ Kuldnga (town, western Latvia) : (Russian
Krzeszów (town, southeastern Poland) : to 1945 Kuldiga); to 1918 German Goldingen
German Grüssau Kuleli-Burgas see Pithion
Krzeszowice (town, southern Poland) : 1940– Küleliburgaz see Pithion
1945 German Kressendorf Kulm see (1) Cheùmno; (2) Chlumec
Krzy∞ (town, west central Poland) : 1793–1807, Kulmsee see Cheùm∞a
1815–1945 German Kreuz Kumanova see Kumanovo
Krzy∞atka see Kowary Kumanovo (city, northern Macedonia) : to 1913
Ksar Chellala (town, northern Algeria) : to Turkish Kumanova
c.1962 French Reïbell Kumayri see Gyumri
Ksar el Boukhari (town, northern Algeria) : to Kunersdorf see Kunowice
c.1962 French Boghari Kungrad see Qunghirot
Ksar el Kebir (city, northern Morocco) : con- Kunming (city, southwestern China) : to 1912
ventional English Alcazarquivir (The English Yunnanfu
name is a Spanish corruption of the Arabic Kunowice (village, western Poland) : to 1945
original.) German Kunersdorf
Ksar es Souk see Er Rachidia Kuokkala see Repino
KsiR∞ Wielkopolski (town, western Poland) : Kuolayarvi (village, northwestern Russia) :
1793–1807, 1815–1919, 1939–1945 German 1937–1940 Salla (In 1940 the original Finnish
Xions village of Salla was ceded to the USSR and its
Kuala Sepetang (town, western Malaysia) : for- population resettled in the village of Kursu, 30
merly Port Weld miles to the southwest, which was then re-
Kubrat (town, northeastern Bulgaria) : to 1878 named Salla.)
Turkish Balbunar Kurakhivdres see Kurakhove
Kuckerneese see Yasnoye Kurakhivdresbud see Kurakhove
Kuçovë (town, south central Albania) : 1950– Kurakhove (town, eastern Ukraine) : (Russian
1991 Qyteti Stalin (Albanian qytet means “city,” Kurakhovo); 1943–1956 Kurakhivdres; earlier
and the former name corresponds to both Ro- Kurakhivdresbud (Russian Kurakhovstroy)
manian Ora£ul Stalin, now Bra£ov, and Rus- Kurakhovo see Kurakhove
sian Stalingrad, now Volgograd.) Kurakhovstroy see Kurakhove
Kudelka see Asbest K≠rdzhali (town, southern Bulgaria) : to 1878,
Kudinovo see Elektrougli 1885–1913 Turkish Kqrcalq
Kudirkos Naumiestis (town, southwestern Kuressaare (town, western Estonia) : 1952–1988
Lithuania) : to 1918 German Neustadt-Schir- Kingisepp; to 1918 German Arensburg
windt; earlier Vladislavovas (The town lies on Kurgal’dzhinsky see Korgalzhyn
the Russian border across the Sheshupe River Kurganinsk (town, southwestern Russia) : to
from Kutuzovo, sharing its former German 1961 Kurgannaya stanitsa
name, with Lithuanian Naumiestis correspon- Kurgannaya stanitsa see Kurganinsk
ding to German Neustadt, “new town.”) Kurganovka (town, southern Russia) : to 1944
Kudowa Zdróy (town, southwestern Poland) : to Zaboyshchik (The town is now a suburb of
1945 German Bad Kudowa Beryozovsky.)
Kugaaruk (village, Nunavut, northern Canada) : Kuril Islands (eastern Russia) : 1875–1945 Japa-
to 1999 Pelly Bay nese Chishima-retto
Kugluktuk (village, Nunavut, northern Canada) Kuril’sk (town, eastern Russia) : 1905–1945
: to 1999 Coppermine Japanese Shana
Kuito (town, central Angola) : to 1976 Portu- Kurman-Kemelchi see Krasnohvardiys’ke
guese Silva Porto; earlier Belmonte Kursu see Salla
Kukarka see 2Sovetsk Kurtbunar see Tervel
Kukkus see Privolzhskoye Kuryk (town, southwestern Kazakhstan) : for-
Kukshik see 2Pervomaysky merly Yeraliyev
 109 Labuan

Kushnarenkovo (village, western Russia) : to kosavsk (The city was formed by combining
1930s Topornino the town of Troitskosavsk with the village of
Kushunnai see Il’insky Kyakhta, taking the latter’s name.)
Kussen see Vesnovo Kyiv see Kiev
Küstenja see Constan´a Kyjov (town, southeastern Czech Republic) : to
Küstrin see Kostrzyn 1918, 1939–1945 German Gaya
Kus’ye-Aleksandrovsky (town, western Russia) : Kyŏmip’o see Songnim
to 1946 Kus’ye-Aleksandrovsky Zavod Kypros see Cyprus
Kus’ye-Aleksandrovsky Zavod see Kus’ye- Kyrenia (town, northern Northern Cyprus) :
Aleksandrovsky Turkish Girne (Kyrenia should not be con-
Kutelna see Chuchelná fused with Cyrene, northern Africa.)
Kutná Hora (city, central Czech Republic) : to Kyrgyzstan (republic, west central Asia) : to 1991
1918, 1939–1945 German Kuttenberg Kirghizia
Kuttenberg see Kutná Hora Kyrylivka see 2Shevchenkove
Kutuzov see Ialoveni Ky§perk see Letohrad
Kutuzovo (village, western Russia) : to 1945 Kysucké Nové Mesto (town, northwestern Slo-
German Schirwindt (The former town lies on vakia) : to 1918 Hungarian Kiszucaújhely
the Lithuanian border across the Sheshupe Kythrea (town, northern Cyprus) : Turkish
River from Kudirkos-Naumiestis, sharing its Degirmenlik; ancient Greek Chythri
former German name.) Kyupriya see Primorsko
Kuujjuaq (village, Quebec, eastern Canada) : Kyustendil (city, southwestern Bulgaria) : to
formerly Fort Chimo 1878 Turkish Köstendil
Kuujjuarapik (village, Quebec, eastern Canada) Kyzyl (city, southeastern Russia) : 1918–1926
: alternate Cree Whapmagoostui; formerly Khem-Beldyr; to 1918 Belotsarsk
Poste-de-la-Baleine; to 1965 Great Whale River Kyzyl-Adyr (town, northwestern Kyrgyzstan) :
Kuvango (town, south central Angola) : formerly formerly Russian Kirovskoye; to 1937 Russian
Portuguese Vila da Ponte Aleksandrovskoye
Kuybyshev see (1) Bolgar; (2) Samara Kyzyl-Asker (village, northern Kyrgyzstan) : to
Kuybysheva, imeni see Rishtan 1944 Chalakazaki (The village is now a suburb
1
Kuybysheve (town, southeastern Ukraine) : of Bishkek.)
(Russian Kuybyshevo); to 1926 Tsarekostyanty- Kyzyl-Burun see Siyäzän
nivka (Russian Tsarekonstantinovka) Kyzylorda (city, south central Kazakhstan) :
2
Kuybysheve (town, southern Ukraine) : (Rus- 1925–1991 Kzyl-Orda; 1917–1925 Ak-Mechet’;
sian Kuybyshevo); to 1944 Albat 1853–1917 Russian Perovsk; to 1853 Ak-
Kuybyshevka-Vostochnaya see Belogorsk Mechet’
Kuybyshevo see (1) 1,2Kuybysheve; (2) Rishtan Kyzyl-Suu (village, eastern Kyrgyzstan) : for-
Kuzhery see Krasny Steklovar merly Pokrovka
Kuznetsk (city, western Russia) : to 1780 Kzyl-Mazar see Sovet
Naryshkino Kzyl-Orda see Kyzylorda
Kuznetsk-Sibirsky see Novokuznetsk Kzyltu see Kishkenekol’
Kuznetsovo see Konakovo Labacum see Ljubljana
KuØnica (village, northeastern Poland) : 1772– Laband see úabddy
1919, 1939–1945 German Ceynowa La Barge see Deer Lodge
Kvirily see Zestafoni La Baye see Green Bay
Kwando see Cuando Labdah (historic site, northwestern Libya) :
Kwango see Cuango Roman Leptis Magna
KwaZulu-Natal (province, eastern South Africa) úabddy (town, southern Poland) : to 1945 Ger-
: to 1994 Natal man Laband (The town is now part of Gli-
Kweisui see Hohhot wice.)
Kwekwe (city, central Zimbabwe) : to 1980 Que Labes see úobez
Que Labiau see Polessk
Kwidzyn (town, northern Poland) : to 1919, Labicanan Way see Via
1939–1945 German Marienwerder Labinsk (city, southwestern Russia) : to 1947
Kyaikkami (town, southern Myanmar) : for- Labinskaya
merly Amherst Labinskaya see Labinsk
Kyakhta (city, southern Russia) : to 1935 Troits- Labuan (town, eastern Malaysia) : formerly Vic-
La Calle 110

toria (The town lies on the island of the same La Guingette see Bourg-Madame
name.) La Habana see Havana
La Calle see El Kala La Haye-Descartes see Descartes
Lacasaigh see Laxay La Haye-en-Touraine see Descartes
Lacasdal see Laxdale Laḩij (town, southwestern Yemen) : in 1960s Al-
Laccadive, Minicoy, and Amindivi Islands see Hawtah
Lakshadweep Lähn see Wleü
Lac des Quatre Cantons see Lucerne, Lake Laibach see Ljubljana
Lacedaemon see Sparta Lajeado see Guiratinga
La Chapelle see 2Abbeville La Junta (town, Colorado, west central United
La Charqueada see General Enrique Martínez States) : originally Otero
Lachin (town, southern Azerbaijan) : to 1926 Lake (or Lake of) : for names beginning thus,
Abdalyar see next word, as Constance, Lake
Lachine see La Salle Lake City (town, Florida, southeastern United
Lackawanna (city, New York, northeastern States) : to 1859 Alligator
United States) : to 1909 Limestone Hill Lakefield (village, Ontario, southeastern
Lac La Martre see Wha Ti Canada) : to 1874 Herriott’s Falls
Lacobriga see Lagos Lake Harbour (village, Nunavut, northeastern
La Concepción see Riaba Canada) : alternate Inuit Kimmirut
Laconia (town, New Hampshire, northeastern Lakehead see Thunder Bay
United States) : formerly Meredith Bridge Lake Louise (village, Alberta, southwestern
La Coruña (city, northwestern Spain) : [Galician Canada) : to 1914 Laggan; originally Holt
A Coruña]; traditional English Corunna; Me- City
dieval Latin Coronium; Roman Brigantium. Lake’s Crossing see Reno
(The traditional name is associated with the Lake Station (town, Indiana, north central
English victory over the French in 1809 during United States) : formerly East Gary
the Peninsular War.) Lakeview see Winter Park
1
Lactodurum see Towcester Lakewood (town, New Jersey, northeastern
Lacus Lemanus see Geneva, Lake United States) : formerly Bricksburg; previ-
LRdek Zdróy (town, southwestern Poland) : to ously Bergen Iron Works; earlier Washington’s
1945 German Bad Landeck Furnace; originally Three Partners’ Mill
2
Ladrones Islands see Mariana Islands Lakewood (city, Ohio, north central United
Ladushkin (town, western Russia) : to 1945 Ger- States) : 1871–1889 East Rockport; to 1871 Rock-
man Ludwigsort port
La Estrelleta (province, western Dominican Re- Lakhdaria (town, northern Algeria) : to c.1962
public) : to 1965 San Rafael French Palestro
Lafayette (city, Louisiana, southern United Lakinsk (town, western Russia) : to 1969 Lakin-
States) : to 1884 Vermilionville sky
Lafayette see Bougaa Lakinsky see Lakinsk
Lafayette, Mt. (New Hampshire, northeastern Lakshadweep (union territory, southwestern
United States) : to 1825 Great Haystack India) : to 1973 Laccadive, Minicoy and Amini-
Lagan’ (town, southwestern Russia) : 1944–1991 divi Islands (The first of the multiple names, in
Kaspiysky an improved form, gave the present name.)
Lagentium see Castleford La Laguna see Padilla
Laggan see Lake Louise La Manche see English Channel
úagiewniki (town, southwestern Poland) : to Lambaesis see Tazoult-Lambèse
1945 German Elvershagen Lambertville (town, New Jersey, northeastern
Lago dei Quattro Cantoni see Lucerne, Lake United States) : originally Coryel’s Ferry (The
Lago di Patria (village, south central Italy) : town lies across the Delaware River from New
Roman Liternum Hope, and the original ferry plied between the
Lagos (city, southern Portugal) : Roman Laco- two.)
briga Lambly’s Landing see Enderby
La Goulette see Halq el Oued Lamía (city, central Greece) : to 1830 Turkish
La Granja see San Ildefonso Zeytun
La Guadeloupe (village, Quebec, southeastern Lamoricière see Ouled Mimoun
Canada) : to 1949 St.-Évariste Station La Motte-Montfort see La Motte-Servolex
 111 La Salle

La Motte-Servolex (town, eastern France) : to La Paz de Ayacucho see La Paz

1802 La Motte-Montfort La Piedad Cavadas (city, northwestern Mexico)
Lampedusa (island, central Mediterranean) : an- : to 1871 Zula la Vieja
cient Greek Lopadusa La Planche see Amherst
Lampeter (town, west central Wales) : Welsh Lapland (region, northern Europe) : [Swedish
Llanbedr Pont Steffan Lappland; Finnish Lappi; Russian Laplandiya]
Lamphey (village, southwestern Wales) : Welsh (English generally prefers the Norwegian form
Llandyfái of the name. The region extends over northern
Lamta (historic site, eastern Tunisia) : Roman Scandinavia and the Kola Peninsula in north-
Leptis Minor western Russia.)
Lancaster (city, Pennsylvania, northeastern Laplandiya see Lapland
United States) : originally Gibson’s Pasture La Plata (province, eastern Argentina) : 1946–
Lancaster see 3Lincoln 1955 Eva Perón
Lanchester (town, northeastern England) : La Plata see Sucre
Roman Longovicium Lappeenranta (city, southeastern Finland) : for-
úaücut (town, southeastern Poland) : 1940–1945 merly Swedish Villmanstrand
German Landshut Lappi see Lapland
Landeck see Lddyczek Lappland see Lapland
Landeshut see Kamienna Góra Laptevo see Yasnogorsk
Landsberg see Górowo Iùaweckie Laptev Sea (northeastern Russia) : to 1913 Nor-
Landsberg an der Warthe see Gorzów denskjöld Sea
Wielkopolski Lapu-Lapu (city, central Philippines) : formerly
Land’s End (peninsula, southwestern England) : Opon
Roman Antivestaeum Promontorium; earlier Lapurdum see 1Bayonne
Roman Belerium Larache (city, northwestern Morocco) : Arabic El
Landshut see úaücut Araïche; Roman Lixus (The Spanish corruption
Landskron see Lan§kroun of the Arabic name persists in general use.)
Landwarów see Lentvaris Laranjal see Laranjal Paulista
Langenbielau see Bielawa Laranjal Paulista (city, southeastern Brazil) : to
Langfuhr see Wrzeszcz 1944 Laranjal
Langres (town, east central France) : Roman Laranjeiras see (1) Alagoa Nova; (2) Laran-
Andemattunnum jeiras do Sul
Langtry (village, Texas, southern United States) : Laranjeiras do Sul (city, southern Brazil) : 1944–
formerly Vinegaroon 1948 Iguaçu; to 1944 Laranjeiras
Lansing (city, Michigan, north central United La Ravardière see Cayenne
States) : to 1848 Michigan L’Arbaa Naït Irathen (town, northern Algeria) :
Lan§kroun (town, east central Czech Republic) : to c.1962 French Fort-National
to 1918, 1938–1945 German Landskron Largeau see Faya
Lanuvio (village, central Italy) : Roman Lanuvium Larino (town, south central Italy) : Roman Lari-
Lanuvium see Lanuvio num
Laodicea ad Mare see Latakia Larinsky see Never
Laoighis see Laois Larinum see Larino
Laois (county, central Ireland) : alternate La Rioja (autonomous region, northern Spain) :
Laoighis; formerly Leix; 1557–1920 English to 1980 Logroño
Queen’s County Lárissa (city, northern Greece) : to 1881 Turkish
Laon (town, northern France) : Roman Lugdunum Yeni£ehir
La Palma (town, California, southwestern Larne (town, northeastern Northern Ireland) :
United States) : to 1965 Dairyland Irish Latharna
La Pampa (province, central Argentina) : La Rochelle (city, western France) : Medieval
1952–1955 Eva Perón Latin Rupella
La Panne see De Panne La Roche-sur-Yon (town, western France) :
La Parida see Bolívar, Cerro 1848–1870 Napoléon-Vendée, 1814–1848 Bour-
La Park see Huntington Park bon-Vendée, 1804–1814 Napoléon-Vendée
La Paz (city, western Colombia) : formerly La La Salle (city, Quebec, southeastern Canada) : to
Paz de Ayacucho; to 1825 Nuestra Señora de la 1912 Lachine; originally St. Sulpice (The city,
Paz now a southern suburb of Montreal, received
Lasdehnen 112

its current name when a group of inhabitants Lavarande see Sidi Lakdar
moved to the site of the present western sub- Lavatris see Bowes
urb of Lachine and took that name with them, Lavinium see Pratica di Mare
allowing the original Lachine to become incor- Lavras see Lavras da Mangabeira
porated as a city.) Lavras da Mangabeira (city, northeastern Brazil)
Lasdehnen see Krasnoznamensk : to 1944 Lavras
La§ko (village, east central Slovenia) : to 1918 Lawnsville see Logan
German Tüffer Lawrence (town, southern New Zealand) : for-
Las Mulatas see San Blas Islands merly Tuapeka
Las Peñas see Puerto Vallarta Laxay (village, Western Isles, northwestern Scot-
Las Rosas (town, southern Mexico) : to 1934 land) : Gaelic Lacasaigh
Pinola Laxdale (village, Western Isles, northwestern
Latakia (city, western Syria) : [Arabic Al Scotland) : Gaelic Lacasdal
LIdhiqnyah]; Roman Laodicea ad Mare (This is Lazio (region, central Italy) : Roman Latium
not the biblical Laodicea, which was Roman (The Roman name of this district around
Laodicea ad Lycum near modern Denizli in Rome gave that of the Latin language, first
western Turkey.) spoken here.)
Laterrière (town, Quebec, eastern Canada) : Láznfi Jeseník (village, western Czech Republic)
originally Grand-Brûlé : to 1918, 1938–1945 German Gräfenberg
Latharna see Larne Lazovsk see Sîngerei
Latina (city and province, south central Italy) : Lbishchensk see Chapayev
to 1947 Littoria Leaf Bay see Tasiujaq
Latinum see Meaux Leba see úeba
Latin Way see Via úeba (town, northern Poland) : to 1945 German
Latium see Lazio Leba
1
La Toma (town, west central Argentina) : for- Lebanon (republic, southwestern Asia) : [Arabic
merly Cuatro de Junio LubnIn]
La Tranche see 2Thames 2
Lebanon (city, Pennsylvania, northeastern
La Trinitaria (town, southern Mexico) : to 1934 United States) : originally Steitztown
Zapaluta Ldbork (city, northern Poland) : to 1945 German
Latvia (republic, northwestern Europe) : [Lat- Lauenburg
vian Latvija]; (Russian Latviya); 1941–1944 Lebyazh’ye see Akku
German Lettland. (None of these names Lecce (city, southeastern Italy) : Roman Lupiae
should be confused with those of neighboring Le Center (town, Minnesota, northern United
Lithuania.) States) : to 1931 Le Sueur Center
Latvija see Latvia údczyca (town, central Poland) : 1940–1945 Ger-
Lauban see Lubaü man Lentschütz; to 1915 Russian Lenchitsa
Lauenburg see Ldbork LedeV nad Sázavou (town, central Czech Re-
Laugharne (village, southwestern Wales) : Welsh public) : to 1918, 1939–1945 German Ledetsch
Talacharn an der Saaz
Lauis see Lugano Ledengskoye see Babushkina, imeni
Laun see Louny Ledetsch an der Saaz see LedeV nad Sázavou
Launceston (city, Tasmania, southeastern Aus- Ledo Salinarius see Lons-le-Saunier
tralia) : originally Patersonia Ledra see Nicosia
Laurahütte see Siemianowice ¡lRskie Lddyczek (town, northwestern Poland) : to 1945
Laurana see Lovran German Landeck
Lauriacum see Lorsch Leeds (city, northern England) : Roman Cambo-
Lausanne (city, western Switzerland) : Italian dunum (The Roman name was that of an as
Losanna; Roman Lausodunum yet unlocated Roman fort. Given the meaning
Lausitz see Lusatia of the name, itself of Celtic origin, as “fort at a
Lausodunum see Lausanne bend,” it may have been at the confluence of
Lautenburg see Lidzbark the Sheepscar Beck with the Aire River.)
Lauzon (town, Quebec, southeastern Canada) : Leeu-Gamka (town, southern South Africa) :
to 1867 Cap-de-Lévy (In 1989 the town formerly Fraserburg Road
merged with Lévis to form the city of Lévis- Leeville see Assiniboia
Lauzon.) Lef ko£a see Nicosia
 113 Leninsky

Le Fleur’s Bluff see 2Jackson Lengwethen see Lunino

Leger Corner see Dieppe Lenin (town, western Tajikistan) : formerly
Leghorn see Livorno Leninsky; c.1960–1970 imeni Sardarova Kara-
Legnano (city, northern Italy) : Roman Leuna- khana; to c.1960 Koktash
nium Lenina, imeni see Lenina, imeny
Legnica (city, southwestern Poland) : to 1945 Lenina, imeny (town, south central Ukraine) :
German Liegnitz (The German name is associ- (Russian imeni Lenina); to c.1926 Kalachevs’kyy
ated with the 1760 Prussian defeat of the Aus- Rudnyk (Russian Kalachevsky Rudnik) (The
trians during the Seven Years’ War.) town is now a suburb of Kryvyyh Rih.)
Legnickie Pole (village, southwestern Poland) : Leninabad see (1) Khujand; (2) Qanliko’l
to 1945 German Wahlstatt Leninakan see Gyumri
Legohli see Norman Wells Lenine (town, southern Ukraine) : (Russian
Le Havre (city, northern France) : originally Le Lenino); to 1957 Sim Kolodyaziv (Russian Sem’
Havre-de-Grâce (The English knew the port as Kolodezey)
Newhaven for a time following its founding in Leningrad (town, southwestern Tajikistan) : for-
1517.) merly Russian Leningradsky; to 1973 M≠’mino-
Le Havre-de-Grâce see Le Havre bod (Russian Muminabad)
Leicester (city, central England) : Roman Ratae Leningrad see St. Petersburg
Corieltauvorum Leningradskaya (village, southwestern Russia) :
Leiden (city, western Netherlands) : English Ley- to 1930s Umanskaya
den; Roman Lugdunum (The Roman name Leningradsky see Leningrad
1
also appears in the expanded form Lugdunum Lenino (town, western Russia) : formerly Tsari-
Batavorum. The English spelling is tradition- tsyno (The town is now incorporated into
ally associated with the 1574 siege of the city Moscow.)
2
during the Netherlands War of Independence, Lenino (town, southern Russia) : to 1930s Inno-
in which the Dutch were attacked by Walloon kent’yevskaya (The town is now part of the city
and German troops.) of Irkutsk.)
Léim an Bhradáin see Leixlip Lenino see (1) Lenine; (2) Leninsk-Kuznetsky
Léim an Mhadaidh see Limavady Leninobod see (1) Khujand; (2) Qanliko’l
Leintwardine (village, western England) : Leninogorsk (town, western Russia) : to 1955
Roman Branogenium Novaya Pis’myanka
Leipe see Lipno Leninogorsk see Ridder
Leitir Ceannain see Letterkenny Lenin Peak (mountain, southern Kyrgyzstan/
Leitmeritz see Litomޠice northern Tajikistan) : to 1928 Kaufman Peak
Leitomishl see Litomy§l Leninsk (town, southwestern Russia) : to 1919
Leitrim (county, northwestern Ireland) : Irish Prishib
Liatroim Leninsk see (1) Akdepe; (2) 1Asaka;
Leix see Laois (3) Baykonyr; (4) Taldom
Leixlip (village, eastern Ireland) : Irish Léim an Leninskaya Sloboda (town, western Russia) : to
Bhradáin 1935 Kadnitsy
Le Kef (town, northern Tunisia) : Roman Sicca Leninsk-Kuznetsky (city, southern Russia) :
Veneria 1922–1925 Lenino; to 1922 Kol’chugino
Leksura see Lentekhi Leninskoe (village, southern Kyrgyzstan) : to
Lemberg (village, Saskatchewan, southern Can- 1937 Russian Pokrovka
1
ada) : to 1905 Sifton Leninskoye (town, western Russia) : 1917–
Lemberg see L’viv c.1940 Shabalino; to 1917 Bogorodskoye
2
Lemeshensky see Orgtrud Leninskoye (town, eastern Russia) : formerly
Lempira (department, western Honduras) : to Mikhaylovo-Semyonovskoye; to 1939 Blyukher-
1943 Gracias ovo
Lemsal see Limba±i Leninskoye see (1) Kazygurt; (2) Uzynkol’
Lenchitsa see údczyca Leninsk-Turkmensky see Türkmenabat
1
Lençóis see Lençóis Paulista Leninsky (town, western Russia, near Tula) : to
Lençóis Paulista (city, southeastern Brazil) : 1935 Domman-Asfal’tovy Zavod
2
1944–1948 Ubirama; to 1944 Lençóis Leninsky (town, western Russia, near Koz’-
Lendava (town, northeastern Slovenia) : to 1918, modem’yansk) : to 1941 Marino
1941–1944 Hungarian Alsólendva Leninsky see Lenin
Lenínváros 114

Lenínváros see (1) Pesterzsébet; (2) Tiszaúj- Leskovac (city, southeastern Serbia) : to 1878
város Turkish Leskovaç
Lenox (town, Massachusetts, northeastern Leskovaç see Leskovac
United States) : to 1767 Yokuntown Leslau see Wùocùawek
Lens (town, northern France) : Roman Lentium Le§nica (town, southern Poland) : 1937–1945
Lensk (city, eastern Russia) : to 1963 Mukhtuya German Bergstadt; to 1937 German Leschnitz
Lentekhi (town, northwestern Georgia) : to 1938 Lesnoy see Umba
Leksura Lesogorsk (town, eastern Russia) : 1905–1945
Lentia see Linz Japanese Nayoshi
Lentini (town, southern Italy) : ancient Greek Lesogorsky (town, northwestern Russia) : 1940–
Leontini 1948 Yaski; to 1940 Finnish Jääski (The town
Lentium see Lens passed from Finland to the USSR in 1940 but
Lentschütz see údczyca was not renamed until 1948.)
Lentvaris (town, southeastern Lithuania) : 1919– Lesotho (kingdom, southern Africa) : to 1966
1939 Polish Landwarów; to 1918 Russian Basutoland
Lyandvarovo Lesovka see Ukrains’k
Leobschütz see Gùubczyce Lesozavodsky see Novovyatsk
Leodocia see Red Bluff Les Petites Côtes see St. Charles
León see Cotopaxi Lessen see Lessines
León de los Caballeros de Huánuco see Lessine (town, west central Belgium) : Flemish
Huánuco Lessen
Leonidovo (town, eastern Russia) : 1905–1945 Lesten see Czernina
Japanese Kami-shikuka Les Trembles see Sidi Hamadouche
Leontini see Lentini Le Sueur Center see Le Center
Leopold, Lake see Mai-Ndombe, Lake Leszno (city, west central Poland) : 1793–1807,
Leopoldina see (1) Aruanã; (2) Colonia Leo- 1815–1919, 1939–1945 German Lissa
poldina; (3) Parnamirim Lethbridge (city, Alberta, southwestern Canada)
Leopoldov (town, western Slovakia) : to 1918 : to 1885 Coalbanks
Hungarian Lipótvár; to 1867 German Leopold- Letocetum see Wall
stadt Letohrad (town, north central Czech Republic) :
Leopoldsburg (town, northeastern Belgium) : to 1950 Ky§perk; to 1918, 1939–1945 German
French Bourg-Léopold Geiersberg
Leopoldstadt see Leopoldov Letterkenny (town, northwestern Ireland) : Irish
Léopoldville see Kinshasa Leitir Ceanainn
Leopolis see L’viv Letterston (village, southwestern Wales) : Welsh
Lepanto see Návpaktos Treletert
Le Port (town, northwestern Réunion) : formerly Letzeburg see 2Luxembourg
Port-des-Galets Leubus see LubiR∞
Leptis Magna see Labdah Leucarum see Loughor
Leptis Minor see Lamta Leunanium see Legnano
Le Puy (city, south central France) : Medieval Leutensdorf see Litvínov
Latin Podium Leuthen see Lutynia
Lérida (city, northeastern Spain) : Catalan Leutschau see LevoVa
Lleida; Roman Ilerda Leuven see Louvain
Lermontov (town, southwestern Russia) : to Léva see Levice
1956 Lermontovsky Leverburgh (village, Western Isles, northwestern
Lermontovsky see Lermontov Scotland) : Gaelic An t-Òb; to 1918 Obbe
Les Borges Blanques see Borjas Blancas Leverger see Santo Antônio do Leverger
Lesbos (island, eastern Greece) : alternate Myti- Leverville see Lusanga
lene (The alternate name is in regular use for Levice (town, southern Slovakia) : to 1918, 1938–
the island’s chief town, often in its Greek form 1958 Hungarian Léva; to 1867 German
Mitilíni.) Lewentz
Leschnitz see Le§nica Le Vieux Village see Sainte Genevieve
Leselidze see Gyachrypsh Lévis (town, Quebec, southeastern Canada) : to
Les Grandes Fourches see 1Grand Forks 1861 Aubigny (In 1989 the town merged with
Leskhimstroy see Syeverodonets’k Lauzon to form the city of Lévis-Lauzon.)
 115 Limeira

Levittown see Willingboro Liebenwerde see Kdty

Levkás (town, western Greece) : formerly Italian Liège (city, eastern Belgium) : Flemish Luik; for-
Santa Maura (The town is on the island of the merly German Lüttich (English always uses the
same name.) French name, formerly spelled Liége, with an
Levkosía see Nicosia acute accent, and in official use in Belgian
LevoVa (town, north central Slovakia) : to 1918 French until 1946. The city was part of France
Hungarian Lâcse; to 1867 German Leutschau from 1792 to 1815, part of the Netherlands
1
Levski (town, northern Bulgaria) : to 1897 from 1815 to 1830, and under German occupa-
Turkish Karaa∑aç tion in both world wars.)
2
Levski (mountain, north central Bulgaria) : to Liége see Liège
1942 Ambaritsa Liegnitz see Legnica
Levskigrad see Karlovo LiepIja (city, western Latvia) : (Russian Liepaya);
Lev Tolstoy (town, western Russia) : to 1927 1941–1945 German Libau; to 1918 Russian
Astapovo Libava
Lewentz see Levice Liepaya see LiepIja
Lewes (town, Delaware, northeastern United Lier (town, northern Belgium) : French Lierre
States) : to c.1685 Zwaanendael Lierre see Lier
Lewin Brzeski (town, southwestern Poland) : to Lietuva see Lithuania
1945 German Löwen Lietzenburg see Charlottenburg
Lewin Kùodski (town, southwestern Poland) : to Lievenhof see LnvIni
1945 German Hummelstadt Lifudzin see Rudny
Lewis see Isle of Lewis Liger see Loire
Lexington (town, Massachusetts, northeastern Ligovo see Uritsk
United States) : to 1713 Cambridge Farms Liidli Kue see Fort Simpson
Lexington Park (town, Maryland, northeastern Likasi (city, southeastern Democratic Republic
United States) : to 1950 Jarboesville of the Congo) : to 1966 French Jadotville
Leyden see Leiden Likér see Hnú§t’a
Liakoura (mountain, central Greece) : formerly Likhachyovo see Pervomays’kyy
Parnassus Likhovskoy (town, western Russia) : to 1930
Liatroim see Leitrim Likhaya
Libau see LiepIja Likhvin see Chekalin
Libava see LiepIja Lilienthal see Bettendorf
Liberalitas Julia see Évora Lille (city, northern France) : formerly L’Isle;
Liberec (city, northern Czech Republic) : to earlier Flemish Rijssel; Medieval Latin In-
1918, 1938–1945 German Reichenberg sula
Libertador see Dajabón Lillebonne (town, northern France) : Roman
Liberty Island (New York, northeastern United Juliobona
States) : to 1956 Bedloe’s Island Lilybaeum see Marsala
Lnbnyah see Libya Liman (town, southwestern Russia) : to 1944
Liburnum see Livorno Dolban
Libya (republic, northern Africa) : [Arabic Liman see Krasnyy Lyman
Lnbnyah] Limanowa (town, southern Poland) : 1940–1945
Licata (town, southern Italy) : ancient Greek German Ilmenau
Phintias Limavady (town, northern Northern Ireland) :
Lichinga (town, northwestern Mozambique) : to Irish Léim an Mhadaidh
1982 Vila Cabral Limbazhi see Limba±i
Lidzbark (town, north central Poland) : 1772– Limba±i (town, northern Latvia) : (Russian Lim-
1919, 1939–1945 German Lautenburg (The full bazhi); to 1918 German Lemsal
name Lidzbark Wielkopolski distinguished the Limbe (town, southwestern Cameroon) : to 1982
town from Lidzbark Warmiüski.) Victoria
Lidzbark Warmiüski (town, northern Poland) : Limbourg see Limburg
1772–1945 German Heilsberg Limburg (province, northeastern Belgium) :
Liebau see Lubawka French Limbourg
Liebenau bei Schwiebus see Lubrza Limeira (city, southeastern Brazil) : formerly
Liebenfelde see Zales’ye Nossa Senhora das Dores de Tatuibi
Liebenthal see Lubomierz Limeira see Joaçaba
Limerick 116

Limerick (town, southwestern Ireland) : Irish Lipiany (town, northwestern Poland) : to 1945
Luimneach German Lippehne
Limestone see Maysville Lipno (town, central Poland) : 1940–1945 Ger-
Limestone Hill see Lackawanna man Leipe
Limìn Vathéos see Samos Lipótvár see Leopoldov
Limoeiro see (1) Limoeiro do Anadia; Lipová (village, northern Czech Republic) : to
(2) Limoeiro do Norte 1945 German Hainspach
Limoeiro do Anadia (city, northeastern Brazil) : Lippehne see Lipiany
to 1944 Limoeiro Liptószentmiklós see Liptovskï Mikulá§
Limoeiro do Norte (city, northeastern Brazil) : Liptovskï Mikul᧠(city, northern Slovakia) : to
to 1944 Limoeiro 1952 Liptovskï Svätï Mikulá§; to 1918 Hungar-
Limoges (city, west central France) : Roman ian Liptószentmiklós
Augustoritum Liptovskï Svätï Mikul᧠see Liptovskï
Limonum see Poitiers Mikulá§
Limpopo (province, northern South Africa) : Lisboa see Lisbon
1995–2002 Northern; 1993–1995 Northern Lisbon (city, western Portugal) : [Portuguese Lis-
Transvaal boa]; Roman Olisipo
Linares (city, central Chile) : 1794–1875 San Lisburn (town, eastern Northern Ireland) : Irish
Ambrosio de Linares; to 1794 San Javier de Bella Lios na gCearrbhach
Isla Lisdoonvarna (town, western Ireland) : Irish Lios
1
Lincoln (city, eastern England) : Roman Lin- Dúin Bhearna
dum Lisichansk see Lysychans’k
2
Lincoln (town, Illinois, north central United Lisieux (city, northwestern France) : Roman
States) : to 1853 Postville Noviomagus
3
Lincoln (city, Nebraska, central United States) : Lisivka see Ukrains’k
to 1867 Lancaster Liski (city, western Russia) : 1965–1991 Georgiu-
Lincolnwood (village, Illinois, north central Dezh; 1943–1965 Liski; 1928–1943 Svoboda
United States) : to 1935 Tessville (The village is (The city first took its present name on ab-
now a residential suburb of Chicago.) sorbing the village of Liski in 1943.)
Lindiacum see Lintgen L’Isle see Lille
Lindinis see Ilchester Lismore (town, southern Ireland) : Irish Lios
Lindisfarne (island, northeastern England) : al- Mór
ternate Holy Island Lissa see (1) Leszno; (2) Vis
Lindsay (town, Ontario, southeastern Canada) : Lissoy see 3Auburn
originally Purdy’s Mills Listowel (town, southwestern Ireland) : Irish Lios
Lindum see 1Lincoln Tuathail
Linkville see Klamath Falls Litauen see Lithuania
Linlithgowshire see West Lothian Liternum see Lago di Patria
Lins (city, southeastern Brazil) : formerly Albu- Lithuania (republic, northwestern Europe) :
querque Lins; originally Santo Antônio do [Lithuanian Lietuva]; (Russian Litva); 1941–
Campestre 1944 German Litauen. (None of these names
Lintgen (town, south central Luxembourg) : should be confused with those of neighboring
Roman Lindiacum Latvia.)
Linz (city, northern Austria) : Roman Lentia Litomޠice (town, northern Czech Republic) : to
Lion, Golfe du (sea inlet, southern France) : 1918, 1938–1945 German Leitmeritz
dated English Gulf of Lions; Roman Sinus Gal- Litomy§l (town, east central Czech Republic) : to
licus 1918, 1939–1945 German Leitomischl
Lions, Gulf of see Lion, Golfe du Litovel (town, eastern Czech Republic) : to 1918,
Lios Dúin Bhearna see Lisdoonvarna 1939–1945 German Littau
Lios Mór see Lismore Littau see Litovel
Lios na gCearrbhach see Lisburn Little Barrier Island (northeastern New Zea-
Lios Tuathail see Listowel land) : Maori Hauturu
Lipari Islands (southern Italy) : English tradi- Littleborough (village, east central England) :
tional Aeolian Islands; Italian Isole Eolie or Isole Roman Segelocum
Lipari; Roman Aeoliae Insulae (Lipari is the Little Fort see Waukegan
largest island of the group.) Little Muddy see 1Williston
 117 Locri Epizephyrii

Little Placentia see Argentia Llanelli (town, northern Wales) : formerly often
Little Rest see 2Kingston Llanelly
Little Russia see Ukraine Llanelly see Llanelli
Little Thames see 1Stratford Llanelwy see St. Asaph
Littleton see Bradford Llanerch Banna see Penley
Littoria see Latina Llaneurgain see Northop
Litva see Lithuania Llanfair-ym-Muallt see Builth Wells
Litvino see Sosnovoborsk Llanfihangel Troddi see Mitchel Troy
Litvínov (city, northwestern Czech Republic) : Llanfihangel-yng-Ngheri see 2Kerry
to 1918, 1938–1945 German Leutensdorf (The Llanfihangel-y-Pwll see Michaelston-le-Pit
present city was formed in c.1948 from the Llangatwg Nedd see Cadoxton-juxta-Neath
union of Horní Litvínov and Dolní Litvínov, Llanilltud Faerdref see Llantwit Fardre
formerly German Ober-Leutensdorf and Llanilltud Fawr see Llantwit Major
Nieder-Leutensdorf.) Llanilltud Gŵyr see Ilston
Litzmannstadt see úódØ Llansanffraid-ar-Ogwr see St. Brides Minor
LnvIni (town, southeastern Latvia) : to 1917 Ger- Llansanffraid-yn-Elfael see Llansantfraed-in-
man Lievenhof Elwell
Livermore Falls (town, Maine, northeastern Llansantffraed-in-Elwell (village, east central
United States) : to 1930 East Livermore Wales) : Welsh Llansanffraid-yn-Elfael
Liverpool (town, Nova Scotia, eastern Canada) : Llansawel see Briton Ferry
to 1759 Port Senior; earlier Port Rossignol; origi- Llanthony (village, southeastern Wales) : Welsh
nally Ogumkiqueok Llanddewi Nant Hodni
Livingston (town, Montana, northwestern Llantwit Fardre (village, southern Wales) :
United States) : originally Clark’s City Welsh Llanilltud Faerdref
Livingstone see Maramba Llantwit Major (town, southern Wales) : Welsh
Livland see Livonia Llanilltud Fawr
Livonia (region, Estonia/Latvia) : [German Liv- Llanymddyfri see Llandovery
land ] Llan-y-Tair-Mair see Knelston
Livorno (city, northwestern Italy) : traditional Lleida see Lérida
English Leghorn; Roman Liburnum Lleyn (peninsula, northwestern Wales) : Welsh
Livramento see (1) José de Freitas; (2) Livra- Llŷn
mento do Brumado; (3) Nossa Senhora do Llŷn see Lleyn
Livramento Llyn Tegid see Bala
Livramento do Brumado (city, eastern Brazil) : L.M. Kaganovicha, imeni see Popasna
to 1944 Livramento Löbau (town, eastern Germany) : formerly Sor-
Lixus see Larache bian (Wendish) Lubij
Lizard, The (peninsula, southwestern England) : Löbau see Lubawa
Roman Dumnonium Promontorium; earlier Loben see Lubliniec
Roman Ocrinum Promontorium úobez (town, northwestern Poland) : to 1945
Ljubljana (city, central Slovenia) : 1941–1944 German Labes
Italian Lubiana; to 1918 German Laibach; Me- Lobivka see Yasenivs’kyy
dieval Latin Labacum; Roman Emona Lobovka see Yasenivs’kyy
Ljutomer (town, northeastern Slovenia) : to Lobva (town, west central Russia) : to 1928
1918, 1941–1945 German Luttenberg Lobinsky Zavod
Llanandras see Presteigne Lobvinsky Zavod see Lobva
Llanbedr Gwynllŵg see Peterstone Wentloog Locarno (town, southern Switzerland) : German
Llanbedr Pont Staffan see Lampeter Luggarus
Llanbedr-y-fro see Peterston-super-Ely Loch Baghasdail see Lochboisdale
Llanddewi Nant Hodni see Llanthony Lochboisdale (village, Western Isles, northwest-
Llanddunwyd see Welsh St. Donats ern Scotland) : Gaelic Loch Baghasdail
Llandeilo Ferwallt see Bishopston Loch Garman see Wexford
Llandovery (town, southern Wales) : Welsh Lochmaddy (village, Western Isles, northwestern
Llanymddyfri Scotland) : Gaelic Loch nam Madach
Llandrillo-yn-Rhos see Rhos-on-Sea Lochmoor see Grosse Pointe Woods
Llandudoch see St. Dogmaels Loch nam Madach see Lochmaddy
Llandyfái see Lamphey Locri Epizephyrii see Gerace
Lâcse 118

Lâcse see LevoVa supporting the union of Northern Ireland with

Lod (city, central Israel) : biblical Lydda Great Britain as part of the United Kingdom,
Lodi (city, California, western United States) : to while Derry, without the London prefix, is fa-
1873 Mokelumne Station vored by Catholics and Nationalists or Repub-
Lodi see Draa Esmar licans.)
Lodz see úódØ Londres see Catamarca
úódØ (city, central Poland) : 1940–1945 German Long Beach (city, California, southwestern
Litzmannstadt; 1939–1940 German Lodz; to United States) : to 1888 Willmore City
1915 Russian Lodz’ Longford (town, north central Ireland) : Irish An
Lodz’ see úódØ Longfort
Lofça see Lovech Longobriga see Freixo
Logan (town, West Virginia, east central United Longovicium see Lanchester
States) : 1852–1907 Aracoma; to 1852 Lawns- Lons-le-Saunier (town, eastern France) : Roman
ville Ledo Salinarius
Logan, Mt. (Yukon Territory, northwestern Lopadusa see Lampedusa
Canada) : formerly Mt. Pierre E. Trudeau (On Lopasnya see 2Chekhov
the death in 2000 of Canadian premier Pierre Lopatino see Volzhsk
E. Trudeau, it was proposed to rename Can- López de Filippis see Mariscal Estigarribia
ada’s highest mountain for him. The name Lopusha see Georgi Damyanovo
proved controversial, however, and in 2006 Lorain (city, Ohio, north central United States) :
was instead assigned to an unnamed peak in 1836–1874 Charlestown; to 1836 Black River
the Cariboo Mountains, British Columbia.) Lorca (town, southeastern Spain) : Roman
Logstown see Aliquippa Eliocroca
Loire (river, central and western France) : Lord Hood Island see Marutea South
Roman Liger Lorena (city, southeastern Brazil) : to 1782 Pôrto
Loire-Atlantique (department, western France) : de Guaipacaré; originally Freguesia de Nossa
to 1957 Loire-Inférieure Senhora da Aparecida
Loire-Inférieure see Loire-Atlantique Lorient (city, western France) : formerly L’Orient
Loíza (town, northeastern Puerto Rico) : for- L’Orient see Lorient
merly Canóvanas Lorraine (region, northeastern France) : formerly
Loket (town, western Czech Republic) : to 1918, German Lothringen; Roman Lotharingia (In
1938–1945 German Elbogen 1871 the northeastern quarter of the former
Lombardia see Lombardy province of Lorraine was ceded to Germany
Lombardy (region, north central Italy) : [Italian and united with Alsace as French Alsace-Lor-
Lombardia] raine, German Elsass-Lothringen. The territory
Lomonosov (town, western Russia) : to 1948 returned to France in 1919 but was again held
German Oranienbaum by Germany from 1940 to 1944. Lorraine is
Lomza see úom∞a now a department of northeastern France.)
úom∞a (town, northeastern Poland) : 1941–1945 Lorraine see Baker
German Lomza; 1939–1941 Belarussian Lorsch (town, central Germany) : Roman Lauri-
Lomzha; to 1915 Russian Lomzha; 1795–1807 acum
German Lomza Los Angeles (city, California, southwestern
Lomzha see úom∞a United States) : to 1850 formally El Pueblo de
Londinium see London la Reyna de Los Angeles (The formal name is
London (city, southeastern England) : Roman often confused with that of the river here, now
Londinium (London was also known by the known by the same name as that of the city
honorific Roman title Augusta. It is not known but originally called the Porciúncula in honor
when the title was conferred but it may have of Nuestra Señora la Reyna de los Angeles de
been on the occasion of the visit of the em- Porciúncula, “Our Lady the Queen of Angels
peror Constantius I in A.D. 306. The original of Porciúncula.” This last word, meaning “Lit-
Roman settlement was established in c. A.D. tle Portion,” is the title of a chapel near Assisi,
50.) Italy. In early years the city was long infor-
Londonderry (city, northern Northern Ireland) : mally known as simply El Pueblo.)
Irish Doire; to 1613 (and still alternate) English Losanna see Lausanne
Derry (Londonderry, the official name, is pre- Losantiville see Cincinnati
ferred by Protestants and Unionists, the latter Losinoostrovskaya see 1Babushkin
 119 Lucca

Losino-Petrovsky (town, western Russia) : to úowicz (town, central Poland) : 1940–1945 Ger-
1928 Petrovskaya Sloboda man Lowitsch; to 1915 Russian Lovich; 1793–
Loslau see Wodzisùaw ¡lRski 1807 German Lowitsch
Los Llanos see Santa Rosa de Copán Lowitsch see úowicz
Los Llanos de Santa Rosa see Santa Rosa de Lozengrad see Kqrklareli
Copán Lozno-Aleksandrovka see Lozno-Oleksan-
Losonc see LuVenec drivka
Lotharingia see Lorraine Lozno-Oleksandrivka (town, eastern Ukraine) :
Lötzen see Gi∞ycko (Russian Lozno-Aleksandrovka); to mid–1930s
Loubomo (town, southwestern Congo) : to 1975 Oleksandrivka (Russian Aleksandrovka)
Dolisie Lú see Louth
Loughor (town, southern Wales) : Welsh Casllw- Luanda (city, northern Angola) : formerly Por-
chwr; Roman Leucarum tuguese São Paulo de Luanda
Loughrea (town, western Ireland) : Irish Baile Luangwa (town, southeastern Zambia) : for-
Locha Riach merly Portuguese Feira
Louisbourg (town, Nova Scotia, southeastern Luau (town, west central Angola) : 1930s–c.1976
Canada) : to 1966 Louisburg Portuguese Vila Teixeira de Souza
Louisbourg see Harrisburg Luba (town, northwestern Equatorial Guinea) :
Louisburg see Louisbourg formerly Spanish San Carlos
Louisburgh (town, western Ireland) : Irish Clu- Lubaczów (town, southeastern Poland) : 1939–
ain Cearbán 1941 Ukrainian Lyubachiv (Russian Lyubachev)
Louis-Gentil see Youssoufia Lubaü (city, southwestern Poland) : to 1945 Ger-
Louis Trichardt see Makhado man Lauban
Louisville see Ottumwa Lubango (city, southwestern Angola) : to 1975
Louny (city, northwestern Czech Republic) : to Portuguese Sá da Bandeira
1918, 1938–1945 German Laun Lubawa (town, northern Poland) : 1772–1807,
Lourenço Marques see Maputo 1815–1919, 1939–1945 German Löbau
Louth (village, northeastern Ireland) : Irish Lú Lubawka (town, southwestern Poland) : to 1945
Louvain (city, central Belgium) : Flemish Leuven German Liebau
(The city is in the Flemish-speaking part of Lübben (town, eastern Germany) : formerly
Belgium but its cultural fame has given its Wendish (Sorbian) Lubin
French name preference among English speak- Lüben see Lubin
ers. The Catholic University of Louvain is di- Lubiana see Ljubljana
vided into two distinct bodies: the Katholieke LubiR∞ (village, southwestern Poland) : to 1945
Universiteit te Leuven, in Louvain itself, where German Leubus
the language of instruction is Flemish, and the Lubij see Löbau
Université Catholique de Louvain, in the new Lubin (town, southwestern Poland) : to 1945
town of Louvain-la-Neuve, some 15 miles to German Lüben
the southwest, where the language is French.) Lubin see Lübben
Lovech (city, northern Bulgaria) : to 1918 Turkish Lubliniec (town, southern Poland) : 1939–1945
Lofça German Loben; to 1921 German Lublinitz
Lovich see úowicz Lublinitz see Lubliniec
Lovnidol (village, north central Bulgaria) : for- LubnIn see 1Lebanon
merly Chiflik Lubomierz (town, southwestern Poland) : to
Lovran (town, western Croatia) : 1919–1947 Ital- 1945 German Liebenthal
ian Laurana Luboml see Lyuboml’
Lowell (city, Massachusetts, northeastern United Lubrza (town, western Poland) : to 1945 Ger-
States) : to 1826 East Chelmsford man Liebenau bei Schwiebus
Löwen see Lewin Brzeski Lubsko (town, western Poland) : to 1945 Ger-
Löwenberg see Lwówek ¡lRski man Sommerfeld
Löwenhagen see Komsomol’sk Lubumbashi (city, southeastern Democratic Re-
Löwenstadt see Brzeziny public of the Congo) : to 1966 French Élisa-
Löwentin see Niegocin, Lake bethville
Lower Canada see Quebec Luca see Lucca
Lower Ferry see Queensferry Lucania see Basilicata
Lower King’s Ferry see Queensferry Lucca (city, north central Italy) : Roman Luca
LuVenec 120

LuVenec (town, southern Slovakia) : to 1918, Lugovoye see Kulan

1938–1945 Hungarian Losonc Luguvalium see Carlisle
Lucentum see Alicante Luhans’k (city, eastern Ukraine) : (Russian Lu-
Lucera (town, southeastern Italy) : Roman Luce- gansk); 1970–1990 Voroshylovhrad (Russian
ria Voroshilovgrad ); 1958–1970 Luhans’k (Russian
Luceria see Lucera Lugansk); 1935–1958 Voroshylovhrad (Russian
Lucerna see Lucerne Voroshilovgrad)
Lucerne (city, central Switzerland) : German Luhans’k see Stanychno-Luhans’ke
Luzern; Italian Lucerna (English invariably Luik see Liège
prefers the French form of the city’s name.) Luimneach see Limerick
Lucerne, Lake (central Switzerland) : [French Luís Correia (city, northeastern Brazil) : to 1939
Lac des Quatre Cantons; German Vierwaldstät- Portuguese Amarração
ter See; Italian Lago dei Quattro Cantoni] (The Lukiv (town, northwestern Ukraine) : (Russian
continental languages name the lake for the Lukov); to 1946 Matseyiv (Russian Matseyevo)
four Forest Cantons that surround it. Three of Lukov see Lukiv
these, Schwyz, Uri, and Unterwalden, formed Lüleburgaz (town, northwestern Turkey) : 1920–
the original alliance of 1291 from which mod- 1922 modern Greek Arkadioúpolis; to 1913 Bul-
ern Switzerland evolved. English names the garian Lyule-Burgas
lake for Lucerne, which joined the alliance in Luling see Ji’an
1332.) Luluabourg see Kananga
úuck see Luts’k Lumbala N’guimbo (town, southeastern An-
Lucus Augusti see Lugo gola) : to 1975 Portuguese Gago Coutinho
Lüda see Dalian Lumby (village, British Columbia, southwestern
Ludchurch (village, southwestern Wales) : Welsh Canada) : to 1894 White Valley
Yr Eglwys Lwyd Lundenburg see B†eclav
Lüderitz (town, southwestern Namibia) : for- Luninets (town, southern Belarus) : 1919–1939
merly Portuguese Angra Pequena Polish úuniniec
Ludington (town, Michigan, north central úuniniec see Luninets
United States) : to 1871 Marquette Lunino (village, western Russia) : 1938–1945
Luditz see ≥ lutice German Hohensalzburg; to 1938 German Leng-
Ludlow (town, Massachusetts, northeastern wethen
United States) : to 1775 Stony Hill Lun’yevka (town, west central Russia) : to c.1928
Ludwigshafen (city, southwestern Germany) : to Lun’yevskiye Kopi
1843 Rheinschanze Lun’yevskiye Kopi see Lun’yevka
Ludwigsort see Ladushkin Lupatia see Altamura
Ludza (town, eastern Latvia) : to 1918 Russian Luperón (town, northern Dominican Republic)
Lyutsin : to 1927 Blanco
Lueluz see Conselheiro Lafaiete Lupiae see Lecce
Lugano (town, southern Switzerland) : German Lupilichi (town, northwestern Mozambique) :
Lauis (The town, on the lake of the same to 1980 Portuguese Olivença
name, should not be confused with Locarno, Lurgan (town, east central Northern Ireland) :
further north on Lake Maggiore.) Irish An Lorgain
Lugansk see (1) Luhans’k; (2) Stanychno- Lusanga (town, southwestern Democratic Re-
Luhans’ke public of the Congo) : to 1972 French Lev-
Lugdunum see (1) Laon; (2) Leiden; (3) Lyon erville
Lugdunum Batavorum see Leiden Lusatia (region, eastern Germany) : [German
Lugdunum Convenarum see St.-Bertrand-de- Lausitz]
Comminges Lusavan see Ch’arents’avan
Luggarus see Locarno Lüshun (city, northeastern China) : traditional
Lugo (town, northwestern Spain) : Roman Lucus English Port Arthur; 1905–1945 Japanese Ryo-
Augusti jun (The English name is associated with the
Lugoj (city, western Romania) : to 1918 Hungar- Japanese victory over the Russians here in 1905
ian Lugos; to 1867 German Lugosch during the Russo-Japanese War.)
Lugos see Lugoj Lusitania see Portugal
Lugosch see Lugoj Lü-ta see Dalian
Lugovaya Proleyka see 3Primorsk Lutetia see 1Paris
 121 McCook

úutselk’e (village, Northwest Territories, central Lyndon Village see Caribou

Canada) : to 1999 Snowdrift Lynn (town, Massachusetts, northeastern United
Lutsk see Luts’k States) : to 1637 Saugus
Luts’k (city, northwestern Ukraine) : (Russian Lynn see King’s Lynn
Lutsk); 1919–1939 Polish úuck (The Russian Lynn Regis see King’s Lynn
name is historically associated with the fight- Lyon (city, southeastern France) : conventional
ing between Austrian and Russian forces in English Lyons; Roman Lugdunum (A more
and around the fortified town during World classical form of the Roman name is Lugudu-
War I.) num, recorded for an unlocated site in En-
Luttenberg see Ljutomer gland, perhaps in the north of the country.
Lüttich see Liège The French city’s full formal Roman title was
Lutynia (village, southwestern Poland) : to 1945 Colonia Copia Claudia Augusta Lugdunum.)
German Leuthen (The German name is associ- Lyons see Lyon
ated with the Prussian defeat of Austria in Lysa Hora see Shevchenko
1757 during the Seven Years’ War.) Lysaya Gora see Shevchenko
1
Luxembourg (grand duchy, western Europe) : Lysychans’k (city, eastern Ukraine) : (Russian
German Luxemburg (The German spelling of Lisichansk)
the name is sometimes used to avoid undue Lyttelton (town, southeastern New Zealand) : to
French emphasis.) 1858 Port Cooper
2
Luxembourg (city, south central Luxembourg) : Lyubachev see Lubaczów
[Luxemburgian Letzeburg] Lyubachiv see Lubachów
Luxemburg see 1Luxembourg Lyubinsky (town, southern Russia) : to 1947 No-
Luxor (town, northern Egypt) : [Arabic Al- volyubino
Qusur] Lyuboml’ (town, northwestern Ukraine) : 1919–
Luzern see Lucerne 1939 Polish Luboml
L≠zhene see Malchika Lyudvipol’ see Sosnove
Luzhou see Hefei Lyudvypil’ see Sosnove
Luziânia (city, central Brazil) : to 1944 Santa Lyuksemburg see (1) Bolnisi; (2) Rozivka
Luzia Lyuksemburgi see Bolnisi
Luzilândia (city, northeastern Brazil) : to 1944 Lyule-Burgas see Lüleburgaz
Portuguese Pôrto Alegre Lyutsin see Ludza
L’viv (city, western Ukraine) : (Russian L’vov); Maarianhamina (town, southwestern Finland) :
1941–1944 German Lemberg; 1919–1941 Polish to 1809 Swedish Mariehamn (The town is in
Lwów; to 1918 German Lemberg; Medieval Åland, where the predominance of Swedish
Latin Leopolis (The German name was promi- means that its Swedish name is preferred.)
nent for the scene of fighting between Austrian Maas see Meuse
and Russian forces in World War I.) Maastricht (town, southeastern Netherlands) :
L’vov see L’viv Roman Trajectum ad Mosam (The Roman
Lwów see L’viv name locates the town at a crossing of the
Lwówek (town, western Poland) : to 1945 Ger- Meuse, just as Utrecht arose by a ford over the
man Neustadt bei Pinne Rhine.)
Lwówek ¡lRski (town, western Poland) : to 1945 Macabu see Conceição de Macabu
German Löwenberg Macaloge (town, northwestern Mozambique) :
Lyakhivtsi see Bilohirya to 1976 Miranda
Lyakhovtsy see Bilohirya Macapá see Peri Mirim
Lyallpur see Faisalabad Macarsca see Makarska
Lyandvarovo see Lentvaris Macassar see Ujung Pandang
Lychidnos see Ohrid Macatuba (town, southeastern Brazil) : to 1944
Lyck see Eùk Bocaiúva
Lycopolis see Asyut Macaubal (town, southeastern Brazil) : to 1944
Lydda see Lod Macaúbas
Lykhachive see Pervomays’kyy Macaúbas see Macaubal
Lyman see Krasnyy Lyman McCarty’s Mills see 2Aurora
Lympne (village, southeastern England) : Roman McClelland’s Station see 2Georgetown
Portus Lemanis McCook (town, Nebraska, central United States)
Lynchville see 2Rome : originally Fairview
McDonald’s Bridge 122

McDonald’s Bridge see Oneonta Macon (city, Georgia, southeastern United

Macedonia (republic, southern Europe) : [Mace- States) : to 1823 Newtown
donian Makedonija] (When Macedonia se- Mâcon (city, east central France) : Roman Matisco
ceded fromYugoslavia in 1992, neighboring Macoraba see Mecca
Greece objected to its name, claiming it exclu- MacPherson see Kapuskasing
sively for its northern region. Macedonia ac- Macroom (town, southwestern Ireland) : Irish
cordingly joined the United Nations in 1993 as Maigh Chromtha
the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, a Madagascar (island republic, western Indian
name acceptable to Greece. The first two Ocean) : 1960–1975 Malagasy Republic
words were later dropped, giving Republic of Madang (town, north central Papua New
Macedonia as a name of continuing concern to Guinea) : originally German Friedrich-
Greece. The matter was addressed by the Wilhelmshafen
World Council of Hellenes Abroad in a full- Madauros see M’daourouch
page ad headed “What’s in a Name?” in the Madhya Pradesh (state, central India) : to 1947
London Times of April 2, 2008.*) Central Provinces and Berar
Maceriae see Mézières Madinat ash Sha’b (town, southwestern Yemen)
Macguire’s Punt see Shepparton : to 1967 al-Ittihad
Machaire Fíolta see Magherafelt Madison (town, New Jersey, northeastern United
McHattiesburg see Balfour States) : to 1834 Bottle Hill
Machigonne see Portland Madison see 3Orange
Macías Nguema Biyogo see Bioko Madona (town, east central Latvia) : formerly
Mackeim see Maków Mazowiecki German Modohn
Mackensen see Orlyak Madras see (1) Chennai; (2) Tamil Nadu
McKinley, Mt. (Alaska, northwestern United Madre de Deus see Brejo da Madre de Deus
States) : alternate (Koyukon) Denali (In 1975 Maeander see Menderes
the Alaska legislature officially adopted the Maenam see Chao Phraya
name Denali for the mountain and a bill was Maenorbŷr see Manorbier
introduced to Congress on the matter in 1977. Maeotis Palus see Azov, Sea of
See James Kari, “The Tenada-Denali-Mount Maerun see Marshfield
McKinley Controversy,” in Names, Vol. 84, Maes-glas see Greenfield
No. 3, September 1986, pp. 347–351.) Maesyfed see New Radnor
Macleod see Fort Macleod Mafeking see Mafikeng
McLoughlin, Mt. (Oregon, northwestern Mafikeng (town, northern South Africa) : to
United States) : formerly Mt. Pitt 1980 Mafeking (The former spelling became
MacMahon see Aïn Touta widely known from a famous Boer War siege
Macomb (city, Illinois, north central United here. The announcement of the town’s relief
States) : to 1830 Washington by British troops on May 17, 1900 brought

*The following is a transcript of the text:

Why is the Macedonian question so delicate and complex? The term “Macedonia” is not exclusively related to a specific
state. Rather, it has always been used to delineate a wider geographical area, approximately 51 percent of which is part of Greece,
37 percent is in the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, 11 percent in Bulgaria and 1 percent in Albania. The choice of one
state alone to monopolize the name “Macedonia”— the largest part of which lies outside its borders — neither reflects geographi-
cal and political reality, nor contributes to stability in the Balkans.
Why does Greece oppose the name “Republic of Macedonia”? “Republic of Macedonia,” or just “Macedonia,” fails to solve
the problem, as it does not distinguish the new country from the Northern Greek region of Macedonia, or from the parts of the
wider Macedonia, which are also in Bulgaria and Albania. Furthermore, it is associated with the argument for the unification
of “Greater Macedonia”— a policy conceived by Stalin and Tito and pursued by the leadership in FYROM to the present day.
The name is therefore linked with an ongoing policy that foresees territorial claims to a part of Greek teritory, that has had a
Greek identity for more than three millennia, and is associated with immense pain and suffering by the peoples in the region.
Why does Greece favor a compound name? Greece unlike FYROM has made great strides to try and resolve the name issue
under U.N. auspices and has gone more than half-way to find a solution. It has sat at the negotiating table since 1995 and has
shown willingness to consider a compound name such as “North Macedonia,” which includes the term “Macedonia” but attaches
an adjective to it to distinguish it from the Greek province with the same name. This is sensible, reasonable and fair for both
sides. A win-win situation.
Why is it time to end the debate? Today, the conditions for achieving a breakthrough are better than ever. Greece is the sin-
gle largest investor in the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM). Athens supports FYROM’s bids for NATO and
EU membership, but this crucial issue must be resolved first. Alliances and partnerships can only be fostered among countries if
there is good will, mutual trust and good neighbourly relations.
 123 Maladzyechna

scenes of riotous revelry in London and re- Maisons-Laffitte (town, northern France) : for-
sulted in the temporary coining of the verb merly Maisons-sur-Seine. (The town, which
maffick to mean “to celebrate joyously.”) added the name of a French banker in the 19th
Magallanes see Punta Arenas century, is now a Paris suburb.)
Magdalena Island see Fatu Hiva Maisons-sur-Seine see Maisons-Laffitte
Magherafelt (town, central Northern Ireland) : Maitland (city, New South Wales, southeastern
Irish Machaire Fíolta Australia) : originally Wallis Plains (The city
Maghnia (town, northwestern Algeria) : to was formed in 1944 when the two towns of
c.1962 French Marnia East Maitland, earlier Maitland and originally
Magnesia see Manisa Wallis Plains, and West Maitland, originally
Magnus Portus see 1Portsmouth Molly Morgan’s Plains, combined with nearby
Maguntan-hama see Pugachyovo Morpeth.)
Magyarkanizsa see Kanji±a Majorca (island, central Balearic Islands, western
Magyarország see Hungary Mediterranean) : [Spanish Mallorca]
Magyaróvár (former town, northwestern Hun- Major Isidoro (town, northeastern Brazil) : to
gary) : to 1867 German Ungarisch-Altenburg 1944 Sertãozinho
(In 1945 the town combined with Moson to Makanza (town, northwestern Democratic Re-
form the city of Mosonmag yaróvár.) public of the Congo) : to 1972 French Nouvelle
Mahabad (town, northwestern Iran) : to 1930s Anvers
Saujbulagh Makarov (town, eastern Russia) : 1905–1945
Mahilyow (city, eastern Belarus) : (Russian Japanese Shiritoru
Mogilyov); to 1918 Russian Mogilyov Makarska (town, southern Croatia) : to 1918
Mahón (town, eastern Balearic Islands, Spain) : Italian Macarsca
traditional English Port Mahon; Roman Portus Makedonija see Macedonia
Magonis Makeyevka see Makiyivka
Mährisch-Budwitz see Moravské Budfijovice Makhachkala (city, southwestern Russia) : 1857–
Mährisch-Kromau see Moravskï Krumlov 1922 Petrovsk-Port; to 1857 Petrovskoye
Mährisch-Ostrau see Ostrava Makhado (town, northeastern South Africa) : to
Mährisch-Schönberg see ¶umperk 2003 Louis Trichardt
Mährisch-Trübau see Moravská T†ebová Makharadze see Ozurget’i
Mährisch-Weisskirchen see 1Hranice Makhlata see Pelovo
Mahto see Pierre Makhmuzlii see Todor Ikonomovo
Maidstone see 1East Hampton Makhnivka see 2Komsomol’s’ke
Maigh Chromtha see Macroom Makhnovka see 2Komsomol’s’ke
Maighean Rátha see Mountrath Makhsudabad see Murshidabad
Maigh Eo see Mayo Makinka see Makinsk
Maigh Nuad see Maynooth Makinsk (city, northern Kazakhstan) : to 1944
Maimachin see Altanbulag Makinka
Main Camp see West Wyalong Makiyivka (city, southeastern Ukraine) : (Rus-
Mai-Ndombe, Lake (western Democratic Re- sian Makeyevka); 1920–1931 Dmytriyevs’k (Rus-
public of the Congo) : to 1973 Lake Leopold sian Dmitriyevsk)
Mainistir Fhear Maí see Fermoy Makkah see Mecca
Mainistir Laoise see Abbeyleix Makov see Maków Mazowiecki
Mainistir na Búille see Boyle Maków Mazowiecki (town, east central Poland)
Mainistir na Corann see Midleton : 1940–1945 German Mackeim; to 1915 Russian
Mainland (island, Orkney Islands, northern Makov
Scotland) : alternate literary Pomona Mala see Mallow
Mainz (city, western Germany) : 1792–1793, Malabo (town, northwestern Equatorial Guinea)
1797–1816, 1918–1930 French Mayence; Roman : to 1973 Spanish Santa Isabel
Mogontiacum (The French name was long the Malaca see Málaga
usual form in English.) Malacka see Malacky
Mairiporã (city, southeastern Brazil) : to 1948 Malacky (town, western Slovakia) : to 1918 Hun-
Juqueri garian Malacka
Maison Blanche see (1) Casablanca; (2) Dar el Maladzyechna (town, west central Belarus) :
Beida (Russian Molodechno); 1919–1939 Polish
Maison-Carrée see El Harrach Moùodeczno; to 1918 Russian Molodechno
Málaga 124

Málaga (city, northern Spain) : Roman Malaca Malokuril’skoye (village, eastern Russia) : 1905–
Malagasy Republic see Madagascar 1945 Japanese Shakotan
Malahide (town, eastern Ireland) : Irish Mullach Malpaís see San Nicolás de Buenos Aires
Íde Mals see Malles Venosta
Malatya (city, east central Turkey) : ancient Malta (island republic, central Mediterranean) :
Greek Melitene Roman and biblical Melita
Malawi (republic, southeastern Africa) : to 1964 Malton (town, northern England) : Roman Der-
Nyasaland ventio (The Roman name was that of the Der-
Malawi, Lake (southeastern Africa) : alternate went River here.)
Lake Nyasa Maùuowice (village, southwestern Poland) : to
Malaya see Malaysia 1945 German Mollwitz
Malaya Znamenka see Kam’yanka- Malvérnia see Chicualacuala
Dniprovs’ka Malvinas, Islas see Falkland Islands
Malay Peninsula (southeastern Asia) : Roman Maly Taymyr (island, northern Russia) : to
Chersonesus Aurea (The Roman name trans- c.1918 Tsarevicha Alekseya
lates as Golden Chersonese, as which the penin- Mamonovo (town, western Russia) : to 1945
sula was at one time known to English speak- German Heiligenbeil
ers. Chersonesus is a name of Greek origin Mamucium see 1Manchester
applied to various European peninsulas, one of Man, Isle of (Irish Sea, British Isles) : Roman
the best known being the Crimea.) Monapia (The Roman name, which may origi-
Malaysia (independent country, southeastern nally have been Manavia, derives from a root
Asia) : to 1963 Malaya (The former federation meaning simply “mountain,” as for Anglesey,
of Malaya, comprising nine states on the but here referring to the island’s central moun-
Malay peninsula, became independent in 1957 tain of Snaefell.)
and in 1963 combined with three other states Manáos see Manaus
to form the federation of Malaysia.) Manaus (city, northwestern Brazil) : 1850–1939
Mala Znam’yanka see Kam’yanka- Manáos; formerly Villa da Barra; originally São
Dniprovs’ka José do Rio Negrinho
Malbergen see Georgsmarienhütte Manavia see Man, Isle of
Malbork (city, northern Poland) : 1772–1945 Mancetter (village, central England) : Roman
German Marienburg Manduessedum
1
Malchika (village, northern Bulgaria) : to 1950 Manchester (city, northwestern England) :
L≠zhene Roman Mamucium (The Roman name was
Malebo Pool (southwestern Democratic Repub- long misspelled Mancunium, giving “Mancun-
lic of the Congo) : to 1972 Stanley Pool ian” as the adjectival form of the city’s name.)
2
Malema (town, north central Mozambique) : Manchester (city, New Hampshire, northeast-
1921–1980 Portuguese Entre Rios ern United States) : 1751–1810 Derryfield; ear-
Maleventum see Benevento lier Tyngstown; originally Old Harry’s Town
Mali (republic, western Africa) : 1958–1960 Su- Manchester see (1) College Park; (2) Virden;
danese Republic; 1920–1958 French Sudan (3) Yazoo City
Malines see Mechlin Manchukuo see Manchuria
Malinovoye Ozero (town, southern Russia) : Manchuria (historical region, northeastern
formerly Mikhaylovsky China) : alternate Chinese Dongbei; 1932–1945
Malko TQrnovo (town, southeastern Bulgaria) : Manchukuo
to 1913 Turkish Tqrnova Mandala, Mt. (eastern Indonesia) : formerly Ju-
Malles Venosta (village, northern Italy) : to 1919 liana Top
German Mals Mandidzuzure see Chimanimani
Mallorca see Majorca Manduessedum see Mancetter
Mallow (town, southwestern Ireland) : Irish Manduria see Ionio
Mala Mangaung see Bloemfontein
Mallwen see Mayskoye Mangoche (town, southern Malawi) : to 1964
Mallwischken see Mayskoye Fort Johnston
Malo (island, north central Vanuatu) : formerly Manguaba see 1Pilar
Bartholomew Island Mangush see Pershotravneve
Malobaranivka see Ivanivka Manhattan (city, Kansas, central United States) :
Malobaranovka see Ivanivka to 1856 Boston
 125 Mari El

Manhattan see New York Marawi (city, southern Philippines) : formerly

Manhush see Pershotravneve Dansalan
Manica (town, western Mozambique) : to 1976 Marburg see Maribor
Portuguese Vila Pery Marchand see Rommani
Manihiki (atoll, northern Cook Islands) : for- Marche (region, central Italy) : traditional En-
merly Humphrey Island glish The Marches (The English name for a
Maniitsoq (village, southwestern Greenland) : border country is found elsewhere, as the
formerly Danish Sukkertoppen Welsh Marches between England and Wales.)
Manisa (city, western Turkey) : ancient Greek Marchena, Isla (island, northern Galápagos Is-
Magnesia lands, Ecuador) : formerly Bindloe Island
Manitou (village, Manitoba, central Canada) : to Marches, The see Marche
1881 Manitou City Marchlewsk see Dovbysh
Manitou City see Manitou Marcodurum see Düren
Manorbier (village, southwestern Wales) : Welsh Mare Adriaticum see Adriatic Sea
Maenorbŷr Mare Cantabricum see Biscay, Bay of
Manorhamilton (town, northwestern Ireland) : Marechal Deodoro (city, northeastern Brazil) :
Irish Cluainín to 1939 Alagoas
Manra (island, central Kiribati) : formerly Sydney Marechal Floriano see Piranhas
Island Mareeba (town, Queensland, northeastern Aus-
Mansa (town, northern Zambia) : to 1964 Fort tralia) : originally Granite Creek
Rosebery Mare Germanicum see North Sea
Mansfield (town, Connecticut, northeastern Mare Internum see Mediterranean Sea
United States) : to 1702 Ponde Town Marek see Dupnitsa
Mantes-Gassicourt see Mantes-la-Jolie Mare Mortuum see Dead Sea
Mantes-la-Jolie (city, northern France) : for- Marengo see Hadjout
merly Mantes-Gassicourt; Medieval Latin Mare Nostrum see Mediterranean Sea
Medanta Mare Rubrum see Red Sea
Mantova see Mantua Marganets see (1) Marhanets’; (2) Zhezdy
Mantua (city, northern Italy) : [Italian Mantova] Margecany (town, east central Slovakia) : to 1918
(English has preserved the Roman name of the Hungarian Margitfalu
city.) Marggrabowa see Olecko
1
Manuae (atoll, southeastern Cook Islands) : for- Margherita, Lake see Abaya, Lake
merly Hervey Island Margitfalu see Margecany
2
Manuae (atoll, northwestern French Polynesia) : Marhanets’ (city, southeastern Ukraine) : (Rus-
formerly Scilly Island sian Marganets); c.1926–1938 Komintern; to
Manuel Urbano (town, western Brazil) : to 1944 c.1926 Horodyshche (Russian Gorodishche)
Portuguese Castelo Mari (town, northeastern Brazil) : to 1944 Araçá
Manyame, Lake (north central Zimbabwe) : for- Mariana (city, southeastern Brazil) : formerly
merly Lake Robertson Vila de Albuquerque
Manzini (city, central Swaziland) : to 1960 Bre- Mariana Islands (western Pacific) : to 1668
mersdorp Ladrones Islands
Manzovka see Sibirtsevo Mariánské Láznfi (town, western Czech Repub-
Mao (city, northwestern Dominican Republic) : lic) : to 1918, 1938–1945 German Marienbad
to 1959 Valverde Maria Pereira see Mombaça
Maoka see Kholmsk Maria Rast see Ru§e
Maputo (city, southern Mozambique) : to 1976 Maria-Theresiopel see Subotica
Portuguese Lourenço Marques Mari Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
Maracaibo (city, northwestern Venezuela) : orig- see Mari El
inally Nueva Zamora Maribor (city, northern Slovenia) : to 1945 Ger-
Maraisburg see Hofmeyr man Marburg
Marakanda see Samarkand Maridunum see Carmarthen
Máramarossziget see Sighetu-Marma´iei Mariehamn see Maarianhamina
Maramba (city, southern Zambia) : alternate Mari El (republic, western Russia) : to 1992 Mari
Livingstone Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (The sec-
Marandellas see Marondera ond word of the present name is Mari el,
Marathus see Amrit “land.”)
Marienbad 126

Marienbad see Mariánské Láznfi Marquês de Valença (city, southeastern Brazil) :

Marienburg see (1) Al¨ksne; (2) Malbork to 1943 Portuguese Valença
Marienhausen see Viļaka Marquette (town, Michigan, north central
Marienhof see Nikitovka United States) : originally Worcester
Mariental see 1Sovetskoye Marquette see Ludington
Marienwerder see Kwidzyn Marracuene (town, southern Mozambique) : to
Marignano see Melegnano 1975 Portuguese Vila Luísa
Mariinskoye see Mar’yevka Marruás see Pôrto
Mariinsk Water System see Volga-Baltic Wa- Marsala (town, southern Italy) : Roman Lily-
terway baeum
Marijampolc (city, southern Lithuania) : (Rus- Marsa Matruh (town, northwestern Egypt) :
sian Mariyampole) 1955–1989 Kapsukas Roman Paraetonium
Marino see 2Leninsky Marseille (city, southern France) : conventional
1
Marion (city, Ohio, north central United States) English Marseilles, Roman Massilia; ancient
: to 1822 Jacob’s Well Greek Massalia (The r in the French name is
2
Marion (town, Alabama, southeastern United said to have entered by association with the
States) : originally Muckle Ridge Roman god Mars.)
Mariscal Estigarribia (town, northern Paraguay) Marseilles see Marseille
: to 1945 López de Filippis Marshfield (village, southeastern Wales) : Welsh
Maritsa see (1) Ognyanovo; (2) Simeonov- Maerun
grad Marshfield see Coos Bay
Mariupol’ (city, southeastern Ukraine) : 1948– Marthasville see Atlanta
1989 Russian Zhdanov Martil (town, northwestern Morocco) : formerly
Mariyampole see Marijampolc Spanish Río Martín
Mark Creek Crossing see Kimberley Martimprey-du-Kiss see Ahfir
Markhlevsk see Dovbysh Martin (city, northwestern Slovakia) : formerly
Märkisch Friedland see Mirosùawiec TurViansky Svätï Martin; to 1918 Hungarian
Markovo (town, western Russia) : to 1940 Turócszentmárton
Markovo-Sbornoye Martinsborough see 1Greenville
Markovo-Sbornoye see Markovo Martins Ferry (town, Ohio, north central
Marks (city, western Russia) : 1920–1941 United States) : formerly Martinsville; origi-
Marksshtadt; to 1920 Yekaterinenshtadt (The nally Jefferson
former names are Russian forms of the respec- Martin’s Point see Campbellton
tive German names Marxstadt, “Marx city,” Martinsville see Martins Ferry
and Katharinenstadt, “Catherine city.” The re- Martvili (town, western Georgia) : 1939–1991
gion here was settled in the 18th century by Gegechkori
Germans invited by decree of Catherine the Martynovka see Bol’shaya Martynovka
Great and from 1924 to 1941, in the USSR, Martyropolis see Silvan
was organized as the Volga German Autono- Marutea North (atoll, central French Polynesia) :
mous Soviet Socialist Republic, with capital formerly Furneaux Island
at Engel’s, 30 miles down the Volga River.) Marutea South (atoll, southeastern French Poly-
Marksshtadt see Marks nesia) : formerly Lord Hood Island
Marmara, Sea of (northwestern Turkey) : an- Marvão see Castelo do Piauí
cient Greek Propontis (The sea’s Greek name Marxwalde see Neuhardenberg
means “before the sea,” as it lies on the route Mary (city, southeastern Turkmenistan) : to 1937
to the Black Sea via the Bosporus.) Russian Merv (The present city was founded
Marmaroschsiget see Sighetu-Marma´iei in 1884 and took its name from the ancient
Marne (river, northeastern France) : Roman Ma- city of Merv, 19 miles to the east.)
trona Maryborough (town, Victoria, southeastern
Marneuli (city, southern Georgia) : to 1947 Bor- Australia) : originally Simson’s Ranges
chalo Maryborough see Port Laoise
Marnia see Maghnia Mar’yevka (village, northern Kazakhstan) : to
Maroc see Morocco 1939 Russian Mariinskoye
Marondera (city, east central Zimbabwe) : to Mar’yino see Pristen’
1982 Marandellas Maryport (town, northwestern England) :
Marosvásárhely see Târgu Mure£ Roman Alauna (The Roman fort stood at the
 127 Mbini

mouth of the Ellen River here and was named French Mauritanie (The name is also an alter-
for it.) nate spelling for Mauretania, the ancient re-
Marystown (town, Newfoundland and Labra- gion of northern Africa that was the location
dor, eastern Canada) : formerly Mortier Bay of the Roman provinces of Mauretania Cae-
Marysville see Corvallis sariensis and Mauretania Tingitana.)
Más Afuera see Alejandro Selkirk Mauritanie see Mauritania
Más a Tierra see Robinson Crusoe Mauritius (island state, eastern Indian Ocean) :
Mason City (city, Iowa, north central United 1721–1810 Ïle de France
States) : formerly Masonic Grove; earlier Shib- Mauritius, Cape see Zhelaniya, Cape
boleth Mauritzstad see Recife
Masonic Grove see Mason City Mavromati (village, southern Greece) : ancient
Massa-Carrar (province, central Italy) : c.1938– Greek Messene
1945 Apuania Mawlamyine (city, southeastern Myanmar) :
Massacre Island see Dauphin Island conventional Moulmein
Massalia see Marseille Maxambamba see Nova Iguaçu
Massawa (former administrative region, central Mayagüez (city, western Puerto Rico) : originally
and southeastern Eritrea) : to 1941 Italian Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria de Mayagüez
Bassopiano Orientale Mayakovsky see Baghdat’i
Massilia see Marseille Mayence see Mainz
Massow see Maszewo Maynesborough see 2Berlin
Masuren see Masuria Maynooth (town, eastern Ireland) : Irish Maigh
Masuria (region, northeastern Poland) : [Polish Nuad
Mazury]; formerly German Masuren Mayo (county, northwestern Ireland) : Irish
Masvingo (town, south central Zimbabwe) : Maigh Eo
1980–1982 Nyanda; to 1980 Fort Victoria Mayskoye (village, western Russia) : 1938–1945
Maszewo (town, northwestern Poland) : to 1945 German Mallwen; to 1938 German Mallwisch-
German Massow ken
Mata Grande (city, northeastern Brazil) : to 1939 Maysville (town, Kentucky, east central United
Portuguese Paulo Affonso States) : originally Limestone
Matala (town, southwestern Angola) : formerly Mazagan see El Jadida
Portuguese Artur de Paiva Ma±eikiai (city, northwestern Lithuania) : to
Matamoros (city, northeastern Mexico) : alter- 1918 Russian Murav’yovo
nate Heroica Matamoros; to 1851 San Juan de Mazovetsk see Wysokie Mazowieckie
los Esteros Mazsalaca (town, northern Latvia) : to 1917 Ger-
Matau see Clutha man Salisburg
Mataúna see Palmeiras de Goiás Mazury see Masuria
Matisco see Mâcon Mazyr (town, southeastern Belarus) : (Russian
Matões see Parnarama Mozyr’); 1919–1939 Polish Mozyrz; to 1918
Matrona see Marne Russian Mozyr’
Matrosovo (village, western Russia) : to 1945 Mbala (town, northeastern Zambia) : to 1968
German Uggehnen Abercorn
Matseyevo see Lukiv Mbalabala (town, southwestern Zimbabwe) : to
Matseyiv see Lukiv 1982 Balla Balla
Matsumae (town, northern Japan) : to 1930s Mbandaka (town, western Democratic Republic
Fukuyama of the Congo) : to 1966 French Coquilhatville
Matterhorn (mountain, northwestern Italy/ Mbanza-Congo (town, northwestern Angola) :
southern Switzerland) : French Mont Cervin; to 1980 São Salvador do Congo
Italian Monte Cervino (English prefers the Mbanza-Ngungu (town, western Democratic
German name.) Republic of the Congo) : to 1966 French
Mattersburg (town, eastern Austria) : to 1924 Thysville
Mattersdorf; to 1919 Hungarian Nag ymárton Mberengwa (town, southern Zimbabwe) : to
Mattersdorf see Mattersburg 1982 Belingwe
1
Mauch Chunk see Jim Thorpe Mbini (river, eastern Equatorial Guinea) : for-
Maura Gefura see Uzunköprü merly Spanish Río Benito
2
Mauretania see Mautitania Mbini (region, eastern Equatorial Guinea) : al-
Mauritania (republic, western Africa) : formerly ternate Spanish Río Muni
Mbuji-Mayi 128

Mbuji-Mayi (city, south central Democratic Re- Medzilaborce (town, eastern Slovakia) : to 1918
public of the Congo) : to 1966 Bakwanga Hungarian Mezâlaborc
Mchinji (town, western Malawi) : to c.1966 Fort Meeks Field see Keflavík Field
Manning Meftah (town, northern Algeria) : to c.1962
M’daourouch (village, northeastern Algeria) : French Rivet
ancient Greek Madauros Megisti see Kastellorizon
Meath (county, eastern Ireland) : Irish An Mhí Megrut see Gugark’
Meathas Troim see Edgeworthstown Mehlauken see Zales’ye
Meaux (city, northern France) : Roman Latinum Mehomie see Razlog
Mecca (city, western Saudi Arabia) : [Arabic Meirionnydd see Merioneth
Makkah]; ancient Greek Macoraba Meklong see Samut Songkhram
Mechanics Grove see Mundelein Melbourne (city, Florida, southeastern United
Mechanicsham see Gretna States) : originally Crane Creek
Mechelen see Mechlin Melegnano (town, northern Italy) : formerly
Mechlin (city, northern Belgium) : [Flemish Marignano
Mechelen; French Malines] Melekess see 2Dimitrovgrad
Mechtal see Miechowice Melenik see Melnik
Mecklenburg see Shepherdstown Melfort (town, Saskatchewan, south central
Medanta see Mantes-la-Jolie Canada) : to 1904 Stoney Creek
Medeia see Midye Melilla (city, northern Morocco) : formerly Ara-
Medgyes see Media£ bic Russ Adir (The city has been a Spanish
Media Atropatene see Azerbaijan possession since 1497.)
Media£ (city, central Romania) : to 1918 Hungar- Melita see Malta
ian Medg yes; to 1867 German Mediasch Melitene see Malatya
Mediasch see Media£ Melitopol’ (town, southern Ukraine) : to 1841
Medina (city, western Saudi Arabia) : [Arabic Al Novooleksandrivka (Russian Novo-Aleksan-
Madnnah]; formerly Arabic Yathrib (The Ara- drovka
bic name, meaning simply “the city,” is a Melnik (city, southwestern Bulgaria) : to 1913
short form of Madnnat an-Nabiy, “city of the Turkish Melenik
prophet,” to which the name was changed fol- Melnik see Mfilník
lowing the arrival of Muhammad here in A.D. Mfilník (town, northwestern Czech Republic) :
622 in flight from Mecca.) to 1918, 1938–1945 German Melnik
Mediolanum see (1) Évreux; (2) Milan; Melodunum see Melun
(3) 1Whitchurch Melsetter see Chimanimani
Mediolanum Santonum see Saintes Melun (town, northern France) : Roman Melo-
Mediomatricum see Metz dunum
Mediterranean Sea (between Europe, Asia, and Melville Island (Northern Territory, northern
Africa) : Roman Mare Internum; alternate Australia) : Aboriginal Yermalner
Roman Mare Nostrum (The sea borders Ara- Memel see Klaipcda
bic-speaking countries in Asia and Africa and Memmate see Mende
its Arabic names include Al Ba∏r al-Abyaö, Memphis (historic city, northern Egypt) : bibli-
“the white sea,” Al Ba∏r al-Mutawassi™, “the cal Noph (The ancient city is now partly cov-
middle sea,” and Al Ba∏r ar-R¨m, “the sea of ered by the modern village of Mit Rahina.)
Rome.” In Turkey, to the northeast, the sea Menai Bridge (town, northwestern Wales) :
is known as Akdeniz, “white sea,” like the Welsh Porthaethwy
Arabs.) Menai Strait (northwestern Wales) : Welsh Y
Medma see Rosarno Fenai
Mednogorsk (city, southwestern Russia) : to Menapia see St. David’s
1939 Medny Mende (town, southern France) : Roman Mem-
Medny see Mednogorsk mate
Medvezh’ya Gora see Medvezh’yegorsk Mendeleyevsk (town, western Russia) : to 1967
Medvezh’yegorsk (town, northwestern Russia) : Bondyuzhsky
1
to 1938 Medvezh’ya Gora; formerly Finnish Menderes (river, western Turkey) : ancient
Karhumäki Greek Maeander (The river, also known as
Medvode (town, central Slovenia) : to 1918 Ger- Büyükmenderes, “Great Menderes,” for distinc-
man Zwischenwässern tion from 2Menderes, was famous in ancient
 129 Miamisport

legend for its wanderings and its Greek name Roman Antiochia Margiana (The ancient city
gave English meander.) gave the original name of the modern city of
2
Menderes (river, northwestern Turkey) : ancient Mary.)
Greek Scamander (The river is also known as Mesembria see Neseb≠r
Küçükmenderes, “Little Menderes,” for distinc- Meseritz see Middzyrzecz
tion from 1Menderes.) Meshed-e Sar see BIbol Sar
Menen (town, southwestern Belgium) : French Mesolóngion (town, west central Greece) : to
Menin 1830 Turkish Misolongi
Ménerville see Thenia Messana see Messina
Menevia see St. David’s Messene see Mavromati
Menin see Menen Messina (city, southern Italy) : ancient Greek
Menongue (town, south central Angola) : to Messana; originally ancient Greek Zancle
1975 Portuguese Serpa Pinto Mestia (village, northwestern Georgia) : to
Menorca see Minorca c.1955 Seti
Menotomy see 2Arlington Metangula (village, northwestern Mozambique)
Mentana (town, western Italy) : Roman Nomen- : to 1980 Portuguese Augusto Cardosa
tum Metapa see Ciudad Darío
Menton (town, southeastern France) : formerly Metapontion see Metapontum
Italian Mentone Metapontum (ancient city, southern Italy) : an-
Mentone see Menton cient Greek Metapontion
Menunketuck see Guilford Metlika (village, southern Slovenia) : to 1918
Menzel Bourguiba (town, northern Tunisia) : to German Möttling
1963 French Ferryville Metz (city, northeastern France) : Roman
Meran see Merano Mediomatricum; earlier Roman Divodurum
Merano (town, northern Italy) : to 1918 German Meuse (river, western Europe) : Dutch Maas;
Meran Roman Mosa (English speakers prefer the
Mercedes (city, west central Argentina) : to 1861 French form of the river’s name. The Dutch
Fuerte Constitucional form is found in the name of Maastricht.)
Meredith Bridge see Laconia Meyers’ Creek see Belleville
Merény see Vondri§el Mexico (republic, southern North America) :
Mérida (town, southwestern Spain) : Roman [Spanish México]
Emerita Augusta México see (1) Mexico; (2) Mexico City
Merioneth (county, western Wales) : Welsh Mexico City (city, south central Mexico) :
Meirionnydd (The county was abolished in [Spanish México]; to 16th century Nahuatl
1974 and the Welsh name alone is now that of Tenochtitlán
an administrative district.) Mezhdurechensk (city, southern Russia) : to
Meriti Station see Duque de Caxias 1955 Ol’zheras
Merlin’s Bridge (village, southwestern Wales) : Mezhdurech’ye see Shali
Welsh Pont Myrddin (The village is now essen- Mézières (town, northeastern France) : Roman
tially a suburb of Haverfordwest. The apparent Maceriae (In 1966 Mézières amalgamated with
name of the Arthurian wizard Merlin is a cor- neighboring Charleville to form the city of
ruption of Mary Magdalen, to whom a former Charleville-Mézières.)
chapel here was dedicated.) Mezimfistí (town, northeastern Czech Republic)
Merlo (city, eastern Argentina) : originally Villa : to 1918, 1939–1945 German Halbstadt
de San Antonio del Camino (The city is now a Mezâfalva (town, west central Hungary) : to
suburb of Buenos Aires.) 1951 Hercegfalva
Merouana (town, northeastern Algeria) : to Mezâlaborc see Medzilaborce
c.1962 French Corneille Mezâszilas (town, west central Hungary) : to
Merrittsville see Welland 1942 Szilasbalhás
Merry Mount see 2Quincy M’fumbiro see Virunga
Merthyr Tudful see Merthyr Tydfil Miadzioù see Myadzel
Merthyr Tydfil (town, southern Wales) : Welsh Miami (town, Oklahoma, south central United
Merthyr Tudful States) : to 1890 Jimtown
Merthyr Vale (village, southern Wales) : Welsh Miami Beach (city, Florida, southeastern United
Dyffryn Taf; alternate Welsh Ynysowen. States) : to 1916 Ocean Beach
Merv (historic city, southeastern Turkmenistan) : Miamisport see Peru
Miarritze 130

Miarritze see Biarritz Mihidjan see Chittaranjan

Miastko (town, northwestern Poland) : to 1945 M.I. Kalinina, imeni (town, western Russia) : to
German Rummelsburg 1938 Kartonnaya Fabrika
Miava see Myjava Mikashevichi (town, southern Belarus) : 1919–
Michaelston-le-Pit (village, southeastern Wales) 1939 Polish Mikaszewicze
: Welsh Llanfihangel-y-Pwll Mikaszewicze see Mikashevichi
Michalovce (town, eastern Slovakia) : to 1918 Mikha Tskhakaya see Senaki
Hungarian Nag ymihály Mikhaylo-Kotsyubinskoye see Mykhaylo-
Michelet see Aïn el Hammam Kotsyubyns’ke
Miches (town, eastern Dominican Republic) : to Mikhaylovgrad see Montana
1936 Spanish El Jovero Mikhaylovka see (1) Kimovsk; (2) Sarykemer
Michigan see Lansing Mikhaylovo (village, south central Bulgaria) :
Michurin see Tsarevo formerly Gokpala
Michurinsk (city, western Russia) : to 1932 Koz- Mikhaylovo see Zhelyu Voivoda
lov Mikhaylovo-Semyonovskoye see 2Leninskoye
Middle Congo see Congo, Republic of the Mikhaylovsk (town, west central Russia) : to
Middle East (countries of southwestern Asia/ 1942 Mikhaylovsky Zavod
northwestern Africa) : to 1940s Near East Mikhaylovskoye see Shpakovskoye
Middle Island see South Island Mikhaylovsky see Malinovoye Ozero
Middle Plantation see Williamsburg Mikhaylovsky Zavod see Mikhaylovsk
Middletown (village, eastern Wales) : Welsh Mikkeli (city, southeastern Finland) : to 1918
Treberfedd Russian Sankt-Mikhel; to 1809 Swedish Sankt
Middletown see Fairmont Michel
Middlewich (town, northwestern England) : Mikoùajów see 2Mykolayiv
Roman Salinae (The Roman name referred to Mikoyan see Yeghegnadzor
the saltworks here, as it did at Droitwich.) Mikoyana, imeni see 1Oktyabr’sky
Midilli see Mytilene Mikoyanovka see 2Oktyabr’sky
Midiya see Midye Mikoyan-Shakhar see Karachayevsk
Midleton (town, southern Ireland) : Irish Maini- Mikulczyce (town, southern Poland) : 1935–
stir na Corann 1945 German Klausberg; to 1935 German
Midway see Rockford Mikultschütz
Midway Islands (central Pacific) : to 1967 Brooks Mikuliüce see Mykulynci
Islands Mikulintsy see Mykulynci
Midye (village, northwestern Turkey) : 1920– Mikulov (town, southeastern Czech Republic) :
1922 modern Greek Medeia; to 1913 Bulgarian to 1918, 1938–1945 German Nikolsburg
Midiya Mikultschütz see Mikulczyce
Miechowice (town, southern Poland) : to 1945 Miladinovci (town, north central Macedonia) :
German Mechtal 1913–1914 Serbian Aleksandrovo
Middzybórz (town, southwestern Poland) : to Milan (city, northern Italy) : [Italian Milano];
1945 German Neumittelwalde Roman Mediolanum
Middzychód (town, western Poland) : to 1945 Milano see Milan
German Birnbaum Milazzo (town, southern Italy) : Roman Mylae
Middzylesie (town, southwestern Poland) : to Mildenhall (village, southern England) : Roman
1945 German Mittelwalde Cunetio (This Mildenhall, near Marlborough,
Middzyrzecz (town, western Poland) : to 1945 should not be confused with the village of the
German Meseritz same name near Newmarket in eastern En-
Middzyzdroje (town, northwestern Poland) : to gland, despite the latter’s fame for the hoard of
1945 German Misdroy Roman silver found there.)
Mielau see Mùawa Milevsko (town, west central Czech Republic) :
Mielno (village, northern Poland) : to 1945 Ger- to 1918, 1939–1945 German Mühlhausen
man Gross-Möllen Milford Haven (town, southwestern Wales) :
Miercurea-Ciuc (city, east central Romania) : to Welsh Aberdaugleddau
1918, 1940–1944 Hungarian Csikszereda Mili (atoll, southeastern Marshall Islands) : for-
Mieroszów (town, southwestern Poland) : to merly Mulgrave Islands
1945 German Friedland Milicz (town, southwestern Poland) : to 1945
Miess see St†íbro German Militsch
 131 Moçambique

Militsch see Milicz German Friedeberg (For a time after 1945 the
Milkovitsa (town, northern Bulgaria) : formerly town took the Polish name Spokojna Góra,
Gavren “peaceful mountain,” translating the German.)
Millau (town, southern France) : Roman Aemil- Mirzachul see Guliston
ianum Mirzoyan see Taraz
Milltown see Milton Misamis see Ozamiz
Milo see Kellogg Misdroy see Middzyzdroje
Milton (town, southern New Zealand) : formerly Misericórdia see Itaporanga
Milltown (The perception of the name as liter- Misivri see Neseb≠r
ary led to the naming of the town’s streets for Miskin (village, southern Wales) : Welsh Meisg yn
poets.) Misolongi see Mesolóngion
Milverton (village, Ontario, southeastern Can- Mi•r see (1) Cairo; (2) Egypt
ada) : to 1871 West’s Corner Mission (village, British Columbia, southwest-
Mimidanum see Minden ern Canada) : 1922–1973 Mission City; to 1922
Mimoso do Sul (city, southeastern Brazil) : to Mission Junction; originally St. Mary’s Mission
1944 João Pessoa Mission City see Mission
Minami-nayoshi see Shebunino Mission Junction see Mission
Minatitlán (city, south central Mexico) : origi- Missoula (city, Montana, northwestern United
nally Paso de la Fabrica States) : originally Hellgate
Mindelo (city, northwestern Cape Verde) : alter- Missouri see Bozeman
nate Porto Grande Místek see Frï dek-Místek
Minden (city, northwestern Germany) : Roman Mitau see Jelgava
Mimidanum Mitava see Jelgava
Mineiros see Mineiros do Tietê Mitchell Island see Nukulaelae
Mineiros do Tietê (town, southeastern Brazil) : Mitchell’s Corners see 3Aurora
to 1944 Mineiros Mitchelstown (town, south central Ireland) :
Minera (village, northeastern Wales) : Welsh Irish Baile Mhistéala
Mwynglawdd Mitchel Troy (village, southeastern Wales) :
Minnedosa (town, Manitoba, southern Canada) Welsh Llanfihangel Troddi
: to 1880 Tanner’s Crossing Mitilíni see Mytilene
Minni see Armenia Mitizirovo see Vasil Levski
Minorca (island, eastern Balearic Islands, western Mit Rahina see Memphis
Mediterranean) : [Spanish Menorca] Mitroviça see Kosovo Mitrovica
Miüsk Mazowiecki (town, east central Poland) : Mitrowitz see Sremska Mitrovica
to 1915 Russian Novominsk Mittelwalde see Middzylesie
Min’yar (town, southwestern Russia) : to c.1928 Mitterburg see Pazin
Min’yarsky Zavod Mittimatalik see Pond Inlet
Min’yarsky Zavod see Min’yar Mladá Boleslav (town, northern Czech Repub-
Mirabeau see Draa Ben Khedda lic) : to 1918, 1938–1945 German Jungbunzlau
Mirabel (city, Quebec, southeastern Canada) : to Mladá Vo±ice (town, central Czech Republic) :
1973 Ste.-Scholastique to 1918, 1939–1945 German Jungwoschitz
Miracatus (town, southeastern Brazil) : to 1944 Mùawa (town, north central Poland) : 1940–1945
Prainha German Mielau
Miracema see Miracema do Norte Mnichovo Hradi§tfi (town, northern Czech Re-
Miracema do Norte (city, north central Brazil) : public) : to 1918, 1939–1945 German
1944–1948 Cherente; to 1944 Miracema Münchengrätz
Miramar (town, eastern Argentina) : formerly Moehau see Colville, Cape
Spanish General Alvarado Moeris, Lake see Birkat QIr¨n
Miranda see Macaloge Moba (town, southeastern Democratic Republic
Mirandópolis (city, southeastern Brazil) : to of the Congo) : formerly French Baudouinville
1944 Portuguese Comandante Arbues Mobayi-Mbongo (town, northwestern Democ-
Mir-Bashir see Tärtär ratic Republic of the Congo) : to 1972 French
Mirnoye see Myrne Banzyville
Mirosùawiec (town, northwestern Poland) : to Mobilong see Murray Bridge
1945 German Märkisch Friedland Mobutu Sese Seko, Lake see Albert, Lake
Mirsk (town, southwestern Poland) : to 1945 Moçambique see Mozambique
Moçâmedes 132

Moçâmedes see Namibe 1991 English Moldavia; to 1918 German

Mocha (city, southwestern Yemen) : [Arabic Al Moldau
M¨kha’] Molenbeek-St.-Jean (town, central Belgium) :
Modena (town, western Italy) : Roman Mutina Flemish Sint-Jans-Molenbeek (The town is
Modern see Modra now a suburb of Brussels.)
Modica (town, southern Italy) : ancient Greek Molles see Carlos Reyles
Motyca Mollwitz see Maùujowice
Modicia see Monza Molly Morgan Plains see Maitland
Modimolle (town, northeastern South Africa) : Molodechno see Maladzyechna
to 2002 Nylstroom Moùodeczno see Maladzyechna
Modlin (town, east central Poland) : to 1915 Rus- Molotov see Perm’
sian Novogeorgiyevsk (The town is now part of Molotova, imeni see Uchkuprik
the city of Nowy Dwór Mazowiecki.) Molotovabad see Uch-Korgon
Modohn see Madona Molotovo see Uchkuprik
Modor see Modra Molotovsk see (1) Kayyngdy; (2) Nolinsk;
Modos see Ja§a TomiW (3) Severodvinsk
Modra (town, western Slovakia) : to 1918 Hun- Molvitino see Susanino
garian Modor; to 1867 German Modern Molyneux see Clutha
Modrï Kameû (town, southern Slovakia) : to Mombaça (city, northeastern Brazil) : to 1944
1918 Hungarian Kékâ Portuguese Maria Pereira
Moeskroen see Mouscron Momchilgrad (town, southern Bulgaria) : to
Mogador see Essaouira 1934 Turkish M≠stanli
Mogilyov see Mahilyow Momchilovtsi (village, southern Bulgaria) : to
Mogilyov Podol’sky see Mohyliv Podil’s’kyy 1934 Gorno Derekoi (The first part of the ear-
Mogontiacum see Mainz lier name is Bulgarian, the second part Turk-
Mohammadia (town, northwestern Algeria) : to ish.)
c.1962 French Perrégaux Môn see Anglesey
Mohammedia (town, western Morocco) : to Mona see Anglesey
1960 Fedala Monaghan (town, northern Ireland) : Irish
Mohammerah see Khorramshahr Muineachán
Mohrin see Moryü Monapia see Man, Isle of
Mohrungen see MorRg Monastir (town, northeastern Tunisia) : Roman
Mohyliv Podil’s’kyy (town, western Ukraine) : Ruspina
(Russian Mogilyov Podol’sky) Monastir see Bitola
Mokelumne Station see Lodi Mönchengladbach (city, western Germany) :
Mokopane (town, northeastern South Africa) : 1951–1960 Mönchen-Gladbach; to 1951
to 2002 Potgietersrus München-Gladbach (The earlier name was al-
Moksobomyo see Shwebo tered to avoid confusion with Munich.)
Mokvin see Mokvyn Mönchen-Gladbach see Mönchengladbach
Mokvyn (town, western Ukraine) : (Russian Moncton (city, New Brunswick, eastern Canada)
Mokvin); formerly Pershotravneve (Russian Per- : to 1855 The Bend
shotravnevoye) (The former Russian name does Moneron (island, eastern Russia) : 1905–1945
not translate the Ukrainian, which corre- Japanese Kaiba-to
sponds to Russian Pervomayskoye, but simple Monett (town, Missouri, central United States) :
transliterates it.) to 1877 Plymouth; originally Billings
Mola di Gaeta see Formia Monfestino in Serra Mazzoni see Serramaz-
Mold (town, northeastern Wales) : Welsh Yr zoni
Wyddgrug Mongalla see Equatoria
Moldau see (1) Moldava nad Bodvou; (2) Mol- Mongibello see Etna
dova; (3) Vltava Mongolia (republic, east central Asia) : to 1921
Moldautein see Tï n nad Vltavou Outer Mongolia (The earlier name arose by
Moldava nad Bodvou (town, southeastern Slo- contrast with Inner Mongolia, or Nei Mongol,
vakia) : to 1918, 1938–1945 Hungarian Szepsi; now an autonomous region of northern China,
to 1867 German Moldau but formerly the southern part of the more ex-
Moldavia see Moldova tensive historic region of Mongolia.)
Moldova (republic, southeastern Europe) : to Monmouth (town, southeastern Wales) : Welsh
 133 Moravské Budfijovice

Trefynwy; Roman Blestium (The original Monte Santo de Minas (town, southeastern
county of Monmouthshire, Welsh Sir Fynwy, Brazil) : 1944–1948 Monsanto
was abolished in 1974 but restored in 1996.) Montezuma see Winona
Monod see Sidi Allal Bahraoui Montgolfier see Rahouia
Monoticut see Braintree Montgomery (town, eastern Wales) : Welsh Tre-
1
Monroe (city, Louisiana, southern United faldwyn
States) : to 1819 Fort Miro Montgomery see Sahiwal
2
Monroe (city, Michigan, north central United Montgomery Court House see Rockville
States) : to 1817 Frenchtown Monticello see Helena
Monroeville (town, Pennsylvania, northeastern Montjoie see Monschau
United States) : to 1951 Patton Township Montmorency (town, northern France) : 1689–
Mons (town, southwestern Belgium) : Flemish 1789 Enghien (The town took its former name
Bergen from the dukes of Enghien in Belgium.)
Monsanto see Monte Santo de Minas Montmorency-Beaufort (village, north central
Mons Brisiacus see Breisach France) : to 1689 Beaufort (In the year stated
Monschau (town, western Germany) : to 1918 the village added the name of Montmorency
Montjoie when that town was renamed, retaining it
Montagnac see Remchi when the town regained its original name in
Montagne de la Grande Traverse see Edith 1789.)
Cavell, Mt. Montpelier see Montpellier
Montagu Island see Nguna Montpellier (city, southern France) : traditional
Montaigu see Scherpenheuvel English Montpelier (The English spelling is
Montana (city, northwestern Bulgaria) : 1945– preserved in the name of Montpelier, Califor-
1990 Mikhaylovgrad; 1891–1945 Ferdinand; nia, United States.)
earlier Golyama Kutlovitsa; Roman Montanen- Mont Perdu see Perdido, Monte
sia Montreal (city, Quebec, southeastern Canada) :
Montana see Boone officially French Montréal; to 1724 French
Montanensia see Montana Ville-Marie-de-Montréal
Mont Cervin see Matterhorn Montréal see Montreal
Monte Alegre see Timbiras Monument see Bourne
Monte Azul (city, southeastern Brazil) : to 1939 Monza (city, northern Italy) : Roman Modicia
Tremedal Moodyville see North Vancouver
Monte Azul see Monte Azul Paulista Mookgophong (town, northeastern South
Monte Azul do Turvo see Monte Azul Paulista Africa) : to 2002 Naboomspruit
Monte Azul Paulista (town, southeastern Brazil) Moorea (island, west central French Polynesia) :
: 1944–1948 Monte Azul do Turvo; to 1944 formerly Eimeo
Monte Azul Moore’s Bluff see Selma
Monte Cervino see Matterhorn Moorhead (city, Minnesota, north central
Monteleone di Calabria see Vibo Valentia United States) : originally Burbank
Montellum Aymardi see Montélimar Moose Island see Eastport
1
Montenegro (republic, southeastern Europe) : Moose River see Clementsport
[Serbo-Croat Crna Gora] Moquegua (city, southern Peru) : originally Villa
2
Montenegro (city, southern Brazil) : to 1930s de Santa Catalina del Guadalcázar del Valle de
Portuguese São João de Montenegro Moquegua
Montenegro see Amapá MorRg (town, northeastern Poland) : to 1945
Monte Nevoso see Sne±nik German Mohrungen
Montenotte see Sidi Akacha Morava see Moravia
Monte Perdido see Perdido, Monte Moravia (region, eastern Czech Republic) :
Monterey see Monterrey [Czech Morava]
Montería (city, northwestern Colombia) : origi- Moravská Ostrava see Ostrava
nally San Jerónimo de Buenavista Moravská T†ebová (town, eastern Czech Repub-
Monterrey (city, northern Mexico) : traditional lic) : to 1918, 1938–1945 German Mährisch-
English Monterey (The English spelling is pre- Trübau
served in the name of Monterey, California, Moravské Budfijovice (town, southern Czech
United States.) Republic) : 1929–1945 German Mährisch-Bud-
Monte San Giuliano see Erice witz; to 1918 German Budwitz
Moravskï Beroun 134

Moravskï Beroun (town, eastern Czech Repub- Mosonmagyaróvár see (1) Magyaróvár;
lic) : to 1918, 1938–1945 German Bärn (2) Moson
Moravskï Krumlov (town, southern Czech Re- Mossoró (city, northeastern Brazil) : originally
public) : to 1918, 1939–1945 German Santa Luiza de Mossoró
Mährisch-Kromau Most (city, northwestern Czech Republic) : to
Mordovskaya Bokla see 2Sovetskoye 1918, 1938–1945 German Brüx
Morea see Peloponnese Mostrim see Edgeworthstown
Morelia (city, west central Mexico) : originally Mostyska (town, western Ukraine) : to 1939 Pol-
Valladolid ish Mo¢ciska
Morgan City (town, Louisiana, southern United Mosty Wielkie see Velyki Mosty
States) : to 1876 Brashear City Mosul (city, northern Iraq) : [Arabic Al Maw•il]
Morgannwg see Glamorgan Motodomari see Vostochny
Morgan’s Landing see Ilion Möttling see Metlika
Morganstown (village, southern Wales) : Welsh Motu One (atoll, western French Polynesia) :
Treforgan; alternate Welsh Pentre-poeth formerly Bellingshausen Island
Morgenroth see Ruda ¡lRska Motyca see Modica
Môr Hafren see Bristol Channel Moulmein see Mawlamyine
Moridunum see Carmarthen Mound City see Moundsville
Morocco (kingdom, northwestern Africa) : [Ara- Moundsville (town, West Virginia, east central
bic Al-Maghrib]; formerly French Maroc (Most United States) : to 1865 Mound City (In the
of present Morocco was known as French Mo- year stated the town merged with the nearby
rocco from 1912 to 1956, when the country settlement of Grave Creek, renamed Eliza-
gained its independence.) bethville in 1798.)
Morón (city, east central Argentina) : 1930–1943 Mount (or Mount of or Mount of the) : for
Seis de Septiembre names beginning thus, see the next word, as
Morozov see Bratan McKinley, Mt. or Olives, Mount of or Holy
Morris (village, Manitoba, southern Canada) : Cross, Mount of the
formerly Scratching River Mountain Ash (town, southern Wales) : Welsh
Morriston (village, southern Wales) : Welsh Tre- Aberpennar
forys (The village is now a district of Swansea.) Mountain Home (town, Idaho, northwestern
Morristown (town, New Jersey, northeastern United States) : originally Rattlesnake Station
United States) : to 1740 West Hanover Mount Brydges (village, Ontario, southeastern
Morristown see Asheville Canada) : to 1856 Carradoc
Morro Grande see Barão de Cocais Mount Holly (town, New Jersey, northeastern
Mortier Bay see Marystown United States) : formerly Bridgetown; origi-
Moryü (town, northwestern Poland) : to 1945 nally Northampton
German Mohrin Mt. McKinley National Park see Denali Na-
Mosa see Meuse tional Park and Preserve
Mo¢ciska see Mostyska Mount Marie see Pine Bluff
1
Moscow (city, western Russia) : [Russian Mount Pleasant see Richmond Hill
Moskva] Mountrath (town, central Ireland) : Irish
2
Moscow (town, Idaho, northwestern United Maighean Rátha
States) : to 1876 Hog Heaven Mount Shasta (town, California, western United
Mosel see Moselle States) : to 1925 Sisson
Mosella see Moselle Mount Wollaston see 2Quincy
Moselle (river, northeastern France/western Ger- Mouscron (town, western Belgium) : Flemish
many) : German Mosel, Roman Mosella Moeskroen
Moses Lake (town, Washington, northwestern Moylgrove (village, southwestern Wales) : Welsh
United States) : to 1938 Neppel Trewyddel
Mosi-oa-Tunya see Victoria Falls Moyobamba (city, north central Peru) : origi-
Moskovsky see Shahrihon nally Santiago de los Valles de Moyobamba
Moskva see 1Moscow Moyynkum (town, southern Kyrgyzstan) : for-
Moson (town, northwestern Hungary) : to 1867 merly Russian Furmanovka
German Wieselburg (In 1945 the town com- Mozambique (republic, southeastern Africa) :
bined with Magyaróvár to form the city of [Portuguese Moçambique]; formerly Portuguese
Mosonmag yaróvár.) East Africa (The present name was current for
 135 Mustafapa£a

some time before the country achieved inde- Mumbai (city, western India) : to 1995 Bombay
pendence in 1975. The Portuguese name is Mumbles (village, southern Wales) : Welsh Y
now generally on the map for Moçambique, the Mwmbwls (The village is now a district of
seaport town in the northeast of the country Swansea.)
and its capital until 1907.) Muminabad see Leningrad
Mozhga (city, western Russia) : c.1920–1926 M≠’minobod see Leningrad
Krasny; to c.1920 Syuginsky (The city was München see Munich
formed in 1926 on incorporating nearby Syug- München-Gladbach see Mönchengladbach
insky Zavod.) Münchengrätz see Mnichovo Hradi§tfi
Mozirje (village, northern Slovenia) : to 1918 Mundelein (town, Illinois, east central United
German Prassburg States) : originally Mechanics Grove (The vil-
Mozyr’ see Mazyr lage was successively named Holcomb, Rocke-
Mozyrz see Mazyr feller, and Area before gaining its present name
Mpumalanga (province, northeastern South in 1924.)
Africa) : 1994–1995 Eastern Transvaal Mundo Novo see Urupês
MrRgowo (town, northeastern Poland) : to 1945 Munich (city, southern Germany) : [German
German Sensburg München]
Mrewa see Murewa Munkács see Mukacheve
MrkonjiW-Grad (town, central Bosnia-Herze- Munkatsch see Mukacheve
govina) : to 1930s Varcar Vakuf Münsterberg see Zidbice
Mstislavl’ see Mstislaw Muqui (town, southeastern Brazil) : to 1944 Por-
Mstislaw (town, eastern Belarus) : (Russian tuguese São João do Muqui
Mstislavl’); to 1918 Russian Mstislavl’ Murang’a (town, south central Kenya) : to 1963
Muar (city, southwestern Malaysia) : formerly Fort Hall
Bandar Maharani Muraszerdahely see Mursko Sredi§We
Muckle Ridge see 2Marion Muraszombat see Murska Sobota
Muconda (town, northeastern Angola) : formerly Murav’yovo see Ma±eikiai
Portuguese Nova Chaves Murchison (town, central New Zealand) : for-
Mud Creek see Abilene merly Hampden
Muddy River see Brookline Murchison Falls see Kabalega Falls
Mud River see Paisley Murewa (town, eastern Zimbabwe) : to 1982
Mud Town see Watts Mrewa
Mühlbach see Sebe£ Murgap (town, east central Tajikistan) : to
Mühlhausen see Milevsko c.1929 Russian Pamirsky Post
Muineachán see Monaghan Murmansk (city, northwestern Russia) : to 1917
Muine Bheag (town, eastern Ireland) : alternate Romanov-na-Murmane
Bagenalstown Murphy’s Station see Sunnyvale
MukaVevo see Mukacheve Murray Bridge (town, South Australia, southern
Mukacheve (city, western Ukraine) : (Russian Australia) : to 1940 Mobilong
Mukachevo); 1919–1938, 1944–1945 Czech Murshidabad (city, northwestern India) : to
MukaVevo; to 1918, 1938–1945 Hungarian 1704 Makhsudabad
Munkács; to 1867 German Munkatsch (The Murska Sobota (town, northeastern Slovenia) :
city was under German-Hungarian occupation to 1918, 1941–1944 Hungarian Muraszombat
in World War II.) Mursko Sredi§We (town, northern Croatia) : to
Mukachevo see Mukacheve 1918, 1941–1944 Hungarian Muraszerdahely
Mukden see Shenyang Murviedro see Sagunto
Mukhtuya see Lensk Musala (mountain, southwestern Bulgaria) :
Mulgrave Islands see Mili 1949–1962 Stalin Peak
Mülhausen see Mulhouse Muscat and Oman see Oman
Mulhouse (city, northeastern France) : 1871– Muscatine (city, Iowa, north central United
1918, 1940–1944 German Mülhausen States) : to 1850 Bloomington
Mullach Íde see Malahide Musketaquid see 2Concord
Mullingar (town, central Ireland) : Irish An Mussolinia di Sardegna see Arborea
Muileann gCearr Mustafakemalpa£a (town, northwestern Turkey)
Mulungu (town, northeastern Brazil) : 1944– : formerly Kirmasti
1948 Camarazal Mustafapa£a see Svilengrad
M≠stanli 136

M≠stanli see Momchilgrad My¢libórz (town, northwestern Poland) : to 1945

Mustayevka see Mustayevo German Soldin
Mustayevo (village, southwestern Russia) : to Mysùowice (town, southern Poland) : to 1921,
c.1940 Mustayevka 1939–1945 German Myslowitz
Mutare (town, eastern Zimbabwe) : to 1982 Um- Myslowitz see Mysùowice
tali Mysore see Karnataka
Mutina see Modena Mysovka (village, western Russia) : to 1945 Ger-
Mutum (city, southeastern Brazil) : to 1939 Por- man Karkeln
tuguese São Manuel do Mutum Mysovsk see 2Babushkin
Muxaluando (town, southern Angola) : to Mytilene (town, eastern Greece) : modern Greek
c.1976 Portuguese General Freire Mitilíni; to 1913 Turkish Midilli
Muy Vavi see Ayo Mytilene see Lesbos
Muztor see Toktogul Naas (town, eastern Ireland) : Irish An Nás
Mvuma (town, central Zimbabwe) : to 1982 Nabadwip (city, northeastern India) : formerly
Umvuma Nadia
Mwenezi (town, southern Zimbabwe) : to 1982 Naberezhnyye Chelny (city, western Russia) :
Nuanetsi 1982–1988 Brezhnev; to 1930 Chelny
Mwynglawdd see Minera Nabeul (town, northeastern Tunisia) : Roman
Myadel’ see Myadzel Neapolis
Myadzel (town, northwestern Belarus) : (Russian NIblus (town, northern West Bank) : Roman
Myadel’); 1919–1939 Polish Miadzioù; to 1918 Neapolis (Some scholars identify Neapolis as
Russian Myadel’ the biblical city of Shechem, but its site is now
Myall Creek Station see Dalby usually located around a mile east.)
Myanmar (republic, southeastern Asia) : to 1989 Naboomspruit see Mookgophong
Burma (The former name is still widely current Nabresina see Aurisina
in the media and everyday speech, and is some- Na Buirgh see Borve
times preferred on political grounds by those Na Cealla Beaga see Killybegs
who object to the country’s military regime.) Nachod see Náchod
Myjava (town, western Slovakia) : to 1918 Hun- Náchod (town, northeastern Czech Republic) :
garian Miava to 1918, 1939–1945 German Nachod
Mykhaylo-Kotsyubyns’ke (town, northern Naciria (town, northern Algeria) : to c.1962
Ukraine) : (Russian Mikhaylo-Kotsyubinskoye); French Haussonvillers
to c.1935 Kozyol Na Clocha Liatha see Greystones
1
Mykolayiv (city, southern Ukraine) : (Russian Nadezhda (town, western Bulgaria) : formerly
Nikolayev); to 1918 Russian Nikolayev Gerdima (The town is now a residential dis-
2
Mykolayiv (town, western Ukraine) : (Russian trict of Sofia.)
Nikolayev); to 1919 Polish Mikoùajów (The Nadezhdinsk see Serov
town is formally known as Mykolayiv na Nadezhdinsky Priisk see Aprel’sk
Dnistri, Russian Nikolayev na Dnestre, denot- Nadezhdinsky Zavod see Serov
ing its location on the Dniester, for distinc- Nadia see Nabadwip
tion from 1Mykolayiv.) Nadterechnaya (town, southwestern Russia) : to
Mykolayivka see Novovorontsovka 1944 Nizhny Naur
Mykolayivka-Vyrivs’ka see 2Zhovtneve Nadvirna (town, western Ukraine) : (Russian
Mykulynci (town, western Czech Republic) : Nadvornaya); to 1939 Polish Nadwórna
(Russian Mikulintsy); to 1939 Polish Mikuliüce Nadvornaya see Nadvirna
Mykytine see Nikopol’ Nadwórna see Nadvirna
Mykytin Rih see Nikopol’ Naga (city, north central Philippines) : to 1914
Mylae see Milazzo Spanish Nueva Caceres
Mymensingh (city, north central Bangladesh) : Nagahama see Ozyorsky
formerly Nasirabad Nagybánya see Baia Mare
Mynydd Du see Black Mountains Nagybecskerek see Zrenjanin
Myrne (town, southeastern Ukraine) : (Russian Nagybittse see BytVe
Mirnoye); to 1958 Karans’kyy Kam’yanyy Kar’yer Nagykanizsa (city, southwestern Hungary) : to
(Russian Karansky Kamenny Kar’yer) 1867 German Grosskanischa
Myrzakent (town, southern Kazakhstan) : for- Nagykapos see Vel’ké Kapu§any
merly Russian Slavyanka Nagykároly see Carei
 137 Nashua

Nagykikinda see Kikinda Nanning (city, southern China) : 1913–1945

Nagymárton see Mattersburg Yongning
Nagymegyer see Vel’kï Meder Nanterre (town, northern France) : Roman
Nagymihály see Michalovce Nemetodurum
Nagyrâce see Revúca Nantes (city, northwestern France) : Breton
Nagyszalonta see Salonta Naoned; Roman Condivincum
Nagyszeben see Sibiu Nantong (city, eastern China) : to 1724 Tongzhou
Nagyszöllös see Vynohradiv (The city was renamed to avoid confusion
Nagyszombat see Trnava with Tongzhou near Beijing.)
Nagytapolcsány see Topol’Vany Nanumanga (island, northern Tuvalu) : formerly
Nagyvárad see Oradea Hudson Island
Nahanni Butte (village, Northwest Territories, Naoned see Nantes
northwestern Canada) : alternate Inuit Naples (city, southwestern Italy) : [Italian
Tthenaagoo Napoli]; Roman Neapolis
Na h-Eileanan an Iar see Western Isles Napoléon-Vendée see La Roche-sur-Yon
Nahr al- ‘A•n see Orontes Napoléonville see Pontivy
Naibo see Dobroye Napoli see Naples
Naibuchi see Nayba Naracoorte (town, South Australia, southern
Naihoro see 1Gornozavodsk Australia) : to 1869 Kincraig
Nairo see Gastello Narberth (town, southwestern Wales) : Welsh
Naissus see Ni§ Arberth
Nakambe (river, western Africa) : to 1986 White Narbo Martius see Narbonne
Volta, formerly alternate Volta Blanche (The Narbonne (city, southern France) : Roman
native name is mostly used in Burkina Faso.) Narbo Martius (The full title of the first
Nakel see Nakùo nad NoteciR Roman colony in Gaul, following its enlarge-
Nakhrachi see Kondinskoye ment by the emperor Claudius, was Colonia
Nakùo nad NoteciR (town, north central Poland) Julia paterna Claudia Narbo Martius de-
: 1939–1945 German Nakel cumanorum.)
Naldrug see Osmanabad Narborough Island see Fernandina
Nálepkovo see Vondri§el Narda see Arta
Nalubaale Falls (south central Uganda) : to Nardò (town, southern Italy) : Roman Neretum
2000 Owen Falls Narimanov (town, southwestern Russia) : to
Namaland see Namaqualand 1984 Nizhnevolzhsk
Namaqualand (region, southwestern Africa) : al- Narimanova, imeni see Bankä
ternate Namaland Narni (town, central Italy) : Roman Narnia
Namen see Namur Narnia see Narni
Námestó see Námestovo Nartkala (town, southwestern Russia) : to 1967
Námestovo (town, northern Slovakia) : to 1918 Dokshukino
Hungarian Námestó Narva-Jõesuu (town, northeastern Estonia) : to
Namibe (town, southwestern Angola) : to 1982 1917 German Hungerburg
Portuguese Moçâmedes Nar’yan-Mar (city, northwestern Russia) : 1933–
Namibia (republic, southwestern Africa) : 1915– 1935 imeni Dzerzhinskogo; to 1933 Beloshchel’ye
1
1968 South West Africa; 1884–1915 German Naryn (administrative region, central Kyrgyzs-
South West Africa tan) : to 1990 Tyan’-Shan’ (The region’s former
Namslau see Namysùów name derives from the Tien Shan mountain
Namur (city, south central Belgium) : Flemish chain that extends east into China.)
2
Namen Naryn (town, eastern Uzbekistan) : formerly
Namysùów (town, southwestern Poland) : to Khakkulabad
1945 German Namslau Naryshkino see Kuznetsk
Nanaimo (city, British Columbia, southwestern NQsQud (town, north central Romania) : to 1918,
Canada) : to 1860 Colville Town 1940–1944 Hungarian Naszód; to 1867 Ger-
Nanhyfer see Nevern man Nussdorf
Naniwa see Osaka Na Sceirí see Skerries
Nanjing (city, east central China) : conventional Nash (village, southeastern Wales) : Welsh Tre-
English Nanking; 1644–1912 Jiangning fonnen
Nanking see Nanjing Nashua (city, New Hampshire, northeastern
Nashville 138

United States) : to 1837 Dunstable (The city Nayoshi see Lesogorsk

was formed in the year stated by merging with Nazerat see Nazareth
a village of its present name, itself known until Nazaré (city, eastern Brazil) : formerly Nazareth
1803 as Indian Head.) Nazaré see Nazaré da Mata
Nashville (city, Tennessee, east central United Nazaré da Mata (city, northeastern Brazil) : to
States) : to 1784 Fort Nashborough 1944 Nazaré
Nasirabad see Mymensingh Nazareth (town, northern Israel) : [Hebrew Naz-
Nasrat see Nawabshah erat; Arabic An NI•irah] (Nazareth was the
Naszód see NQsQud childhood home of Jesus and Arabic na•rInn
Natal see KwaZulu-Natal means “Christian.”)
Natchez (town, Mississippi, southeastern United Nazareth see Nazaré
States) : originally Fort Rosalie Nazimovo see Putyatin
Natchitoches (city, Louisiana, southern United Nazran’ (town, southwestern Russia) : 1944–
States) : originally Fort St. Jean Baptiste 1967 Kosta-Khetagurovo; earlier Georgiye-
Natividade see Natividade da Serra Osetinskoye
Natividade da Serra (town, southeastern Brazil) Nazyvayevsk (town, southern Russia) : c.1935–
: to 1944 Natividade 1945 Novonazyvayevka; to c.1935 Sibirsky
Naugatuck (town, Connecticut, northeastern N’dalatando (town, northwestern Angola) : to
United States) : originally Salem Bridge 1975 Portuguese Vila Salazar
Naugatuck see Seymour N’Djamena (city, southwestern Chad) : to 1973
Naujaat see Repulse Bay French Fort-Lamy
Naumburg am Queis see Nowogrodziec Neal’s Station see Parkersburg
Naumiestis (town, southwestern Lithuania) : to Neapolis see (1) Nabeul; (2) NIblus; (3) Naples
1918 Polish Wùadysùawów Near East see Middle East
Nauportus see Vrhnika Neath (town, southern Wales) : Welsh Castell-
Nauru (island republic, southwestern Pacific) : nedd; Roman Nidum
formerly Pleasant Island Néau see Eupen
Nauvoo (town, Illinois, north central United Nebitdag (city, western Turkmenistan) : to late
States) : to 1840 Commerce 1930s Nefte-Dag
Navabad (town, west central Tajikistan) : (Rus- Nedenes see Aust-Agder
sian Novabad); to 1950 Shul’mak Nederland see Netherlands
Navahrudak (town, western Belarus) : (Russian Nedvigovka (village, southwestern Russia) : an-
Novogrudok); 1919–1939 Polish Nowogródek cient Greek and Roman Tanais (The village
Navan (town, eastern Ireland) : Irish An Uaimh stands at the mouth of the Don River, itself
Navarino see Pylos known by the same classical name.)
Navarra see Navarre Ñeembucú see 2Pilar
Navarre (region, northern Spain) : [Spanish Neenah (city, Wisconsin, north central United
Navarra] (English prefers the French form of States) : to 1856 Winnebago Rapids
the name for the ancient kingdom, which ex- Neftçala (town, southeastern Azerbaijan) : (Rus-
tended into southern France, keeping Navarra sian Neftechala); formerly Russian imeni 26
for the modern Spanish province.) Bakinskikh Kommunarov
Navio see 2Brough Neftechala see Neftçala
Navoiy (city, central Uzbekistan) : to 1958 Kermine Nefte-Dag see Nebitdag
Návpaktos (town, western Greece) : to 1830 Neftekamsk (city, western Russia) : formerly
Turkish jnebahti; formerly Italian Lepanto Kasevo
(The Italian form of the name is preserved for Nefteyugansk (city, central Russia) : to 1967
the naval battle of 1571, in a nearby strait, in Ust’-Balyk
which the Turks were defeated by the Holy Neftezavodsk see Seydi
League.) Negotin (village, central Macedonia) : 1913–1941
Návplion (town, southern Greece) : to 1830 Serbian Sveti Djordje
Turkish Navpliya Negroponte see Euboea
Navpliya see Návplion Neidenburg see Nidzica
Nawabshah (city, southern Pakistan) : originally Neidín see Kenmare
Nasrat Neisse see Nysa
Nayba (river, eastern Russia) : 1905–1945 Japa- Nejdek (town, western Czech Republic) : to
nese Naibuchi 1918, 1938–1945 German Neudeck
 139 Neustadt

Nekhayevskaya (village, southwestern Russia) : Castra Exploratorum (This is the only example
1956–1992 Nekhayevsky (The village had town in England of Latin castra, “camp,” in a
status under the former name.) Roman name although there are several in
Nekhayevsky see Nekhayevskaya continental Europe, as Castres in France. As a
Nekrasovskoye (town, western Russia) : to 1938 regular word, however, it gave the modern
Bol’shiye Soli names of English cities such as Manchester,
Nelepovsky Khutor see Artemove Rochester, and Winchester.)
Nelipivs’kyy Khutir see Artemove Netherlands (kingdom, western Europe) :
1
Nelson (city, central New Zealand) : Maori [Dutch Nederland]; conventional English Hol-
Wakatu land (The name Holland strictly applies only
2
Nelson (town, British Columbia, southwestern to the two western provinces of North Hol-
Canada) : to 1888 Stanley land and South Holland, Dutch Noord-Hol-
Nelsonville see Cowansville land and Zuid-Holland.)
Neman (town, western Russia) : to 1945 German Netherlands Antilles (island federation, south-
Ragnit ern West Indies) : to 1954 Dutch West Indies
Nemausus see Nîmes Netherlands East Indies see Indonesia
Nfimeckï Brod see HavlíVkÀv Brod Netum see Noto
Nemetacum Atrebatum see Arras Neubentschen see ZbRszynek
Nemetocenna see Arras Neubidschow see Novï Byd±ov
Nemetodurum see Nanterre Neuchâtel (town, western Switzerland) : German
Németpróna see Nitrianske Pravno Neuenburg
Németújvár see Güssing Neudamm see Ddbno
Nemours see Ghazaouet Neudeck see Nejdek
Nen see Nene Neuenburg see Neuchâtel
Nenagh (town, south central Ireland) : Irish An Neuenburg an der Elbe see Nymburk
tAaonach Neufahrwasser see Nowy Port
Nene (river, central and eastern England) : alter- Neugard see Nowogard
nate Nen (The alternate spelling strictly applies Neugradisca see Nova Gradi§ka
to the river’s upper reaches and the main name Neuhardenberg (town, eastern Germany) :
to its lower, better-known course.) 1949–1990 Marxwalde
Neocaesarea see Niksar Neuhaus see (1) Dobrna; (2) Jind†ichÀv
Neokastro see Pylos Hradec
Nepisiguit see Bathurst Neuhäusel see Nové Zámky
NepolocQu´ii see Nepolokivtsi Neuhausen see Gur’yevsk
Nepolokivtsi (town, western Ukraine) : (Russian Neukirch see Timiryazevo
Nepolokovtsy); 1919–1940 Romanian Nepolo- Neukuhren see Pionersky
cQu´ii; to 1918 German Nepolokoutz Neu-Langenburg see Tukuyu
Nepolokoutz see Nepolokivtsi Neumagen (village, western Germany) : Roman
Nepolokovtsy see Nepolokivtsi Noviomagus
Neppel see Moses Lake Neumarkt see (1) Nowy Targ; (2) ¡roda ¡lRska
Neretum see Nardò Neumarktl see Tr±iV
Nerium Promontorium see Finisterre, Cape Neu-Mecklenburg see New Ireland
Nero see Krn Neumittelwalde see Middzybórz
Neseb≠r (town, eastern Bulgaria) : to 1878 Turk- Neupaka see Nová Paka
ish Misivri; ancient Greek Mesembria (The Neu-Pommern see New Britain
original Greek name, or a form of it, was cur- Neurode see Nowa Ruda
rent until 1934.) Neusalz see Nowa Sól
Nesselsdorf see Kop†ivnice Neusandez see Nowy SRcz
Nesterov (town, western Russia) : 1938–1945 Neusatz see Novi Sad
German Ebenrode; to 1938 German Stallupö- Neuschwanenburg see Gulbene
nen Neusiedl am See (town, eastern Austria) : to 1919
Nesterov see Zhovkva Hungarian Nezider
Nesvetevich see Proletars’k Neusohl see Banská Bystrica
Nesvitovych see Proletars’k Neuss (city, western Germany) : Roman Novae-
Nesvizh see Nyasvizh sium
Netherby (village, northern England) : Roman Neustadt see (1) Eberswalde; (2) Prudnik
Neustadt an der Haardt 140

Neustadt an der Haardt see Neustadt an der New Brunswick (city, New Jersey, northeastern
Weinstrasse United States) : formerly Inian’s Ferry; origi-
Neustadt an der Mettau see Nové Mfisto nad nally Prigmore’s Swamp
Metují Newburyport see St. Joseph
Neustadt an der Weinstrasse (city, southwestern New Butler see Butler
Germany) : to 1936, 1945–1950, Neustadt an New Caledonia (island territory, southwestern
der Haardt; Medieval Latin Nova Civitas Pacific) : French Nouvelle-Calédonie (The is-
Neustadt bei Pinne see Lwówek lands were named by the British in 1774 but
Neustädtel see Nowe Miasteczko annexed by France in 1853.)
Neustadt in Westpreussen see Wejherowo New Caledonia see British Columbia
Neustadtl see Nové Mfisto na Moravfi New Cambridge see Bristol
1
Neustadt-Schirwindt see Kudirkos Naumies- Newcastle (city, northeastern England) : Roman
tis Pons Aelii
2
Neustettin see Szczecinek Newcastle (village, southern Wales) : Welsh
Neuteich see Nowy Staw Castell-newydd (The village is now a district of
Neutitschein see Novï JiVín Bridgend.)
3
Neutomischl see Nowy Tomy§l Newcastle (town, southeastern Northern Ire-
Neutra see Nitra land) : Irish An Caisleán Nua
Neuville (village, Quebec, southeastern Canada) Newcastle see Webster City
: to 1919 Pointe-aux-Trembles New Castle (town, Delaware, northeastern
Neuwarp see Nowe Warpno United States) : 1655–1664 Dutch Nieuw
Neuwedell see Drawno Amstel; originally Santhoeck
Nevdubstroy see 2Kirovsk Newcastle Emlyn (town, southwestern Wales) :
Nevel’sk (town, eastern Russia) : 1905–1945 Welsh Castellnewydd Emlyn
Japanese Honto New Connecticut see Vermont
Never (town, eastern Russia) : formerly Larinsky New Delhi see Delhi
Nevern (village, southwestern Wales) : Welsh New Denver (village, British Columbia, south-
Nyfer, alternate Welsh Nanhyfer western Canada) : to 1892 Eldorado
Nevers (town, central France) : Roman Novio- New Edinburgh see Dunedin
dunum Newfield see Bridgeport
Neves see Neves Paulista New Forest (southern England) : Medieval Latin
Neves Paulista (town, southeastern Brazil) : Nova Foresta (As elsewhere in British place-
1944–1948 Iboti; to 1944 Neves names, forest here means specifically “hunting
Nevrokop see Gotse Delchev preserve” rather than just “region of trees.”)
Nevskoye (village, western Russia) : 1938–1945 New France see Canada
German Schlossbach; to 1938 German Pillupö- New Harmony (town, Indiana, north central
nen United States) : originally German Harmonie
New Amsterdam see (1) Buffalo; (2) New York Newhaven see Le Havre
New Anzac-on-Sea see Peacehaven New Haven (city, Connecticut, northeastern
Newark (city, New Jersey, northeastern United United States) : to 1640 Quinnipiac
States) : formerly New Milford; originally New Hebrides see Vanuatu
Pesayak Towne New Helvetia see Sacramento
Newark see Niagara-on-the-Lake New Holland see Australia
New Barbadoes see Hackensack New Hope (town, Pennsylvania, northeastern
New Beverly see 2Burlington United States) : originally Coryel’s Ferry (The
Newborough (village, northwestern Wales) : town lies across the Delaware River from Lam-
Welsh Niwbwrch bertville, and the original ferry plied between
Newbridge (town, southeastern Wales) : Welsh the two places.)
Trecelyn New Inverness see Darien
Newbridge see Droichead Nua New Ireland (island, eastern Papua New Guinea)
Newbridge-on-Wye (village, eastern Wales) : : 1884–1914 German Neu-Mecklenburg (Politi-
Welsh Y Bontnewydd-ar-Wy cally, the province of New Ireland includes
New Britain (island, eastern Papua New Guinea) other islands, notably New Hanover.)
: 1884–1920 German Neu-Pommern New Johnston see 2Cornwall
New Britain see Ormond Beach New Liskeard (town, Ontario, southeastern
New Brookland see West Columbia Canada) : originally Thornloe
 141 Nicosia

New London (city, Connecticut, northeastern New Town see 2Wilmington

United States) : to 1658 Pequot Newtownards (town, eastern Northern Ireland) :
Newmarket (town, Ontario, southeastern Irish Baile Nua na hArda
Canada) : to c.1810 Beman’s Corners Newtownbarry see Bunclody
New Market (town, Virginia, eastern United New Towne see (1) 2Cambridge; (2) Newton
States) : to 1796 Crossroads New Tredegar (town, southern Wales) : Welsh
New Milford see Newark Tredegar Newydd
New Moat (village, southwestern Wales) : Welsh New Westminster (city, British Columbia,
Y Môt southwestern Canada) : originally Queensbor-
New Norfolk (town, Tasmania, southeastern ough
Australia) : to 1827 Elizabeth Town New Windsor see 1Windsor
New Orleans (city, Louisiana, southern United New York (city, New York, northeastern United
States) : to 1803 French Nouvelle-Orléans States) : to 1664 New Amsterdam (Dutch
New Orleans Village see Torrington Nieuw Amsterdam) (The city’s name is applied
1
Newport (city, southeastern Wales) : Welsh Cas- by many only to the borough of Manhattan, as
newydd-ar-Wysg coextensive with New York County, although
2
Newport (town, southwestern Wales) : Welsh it is properly that of the whole of New York
Trefdraeth City, or Greater New York, including the
3
Newport (town, western Ireland) : Irish Baile Uí “outer boroughs” of the Bronx, Brooklyn,
Fhiacháin Queens, and Staten Island.)
Newport see Newport Beach New Zealand (independent state, southwestern
Newport Beach (city, California, southwestern Pacific) : Maori Aotearoa; formerly Dutch
United States) : formerly Newport Staaten Landt
New Quay (village, western Wales) : Welsh Ney-Val’ter see Sverdlovo
Ceinewydd Nezametny see Aldan
New Radnor (village, eastern Wales) : Welsh Nezider see Neusiedl am See
Maesyfed (The village was the original county Ngaru see Port Hedland
town of Radnorshire, Welsh Sir Faesyfed, abol- Nguna (island, central Vanuatu) : formerly Mon-
ished in 1974.) tagu Island
New Ross (town, southeastern Ireland) : Irish Ngunza see Sumbe
Rhos Mhic Thriúin Nhlangano (town, southwestern Swaziland) :
Newry (town, southeastern Northern Ireland) : formerly Goedgegun
Irish An tIúr Niagara see Niagara-on-the-Lake
Newry Station see Atwood Niagara Falls (city, Ontario, southeastern Can-
New Sarum see Salisbury ada) : 1856–1881 Clifton; to 1856 Elgin
New Siberian Islands (northeastern Russia) : Niagara-on-the-Lake (town, Ontario, south-
[Russian Novosibirskiye Ostrova] eastern Canada) : to 1906 Niagara; earlier
New Site see 2Andalusia Newark (The addition to the name distin-
New South Wales see Australia guished the town from nearby Niagara Falls.)
Newstead (village, southeastern Scotland) : Nicaea see (1) jznik; (2) Nice
Roman Trimontium Nicaragua see Rivas
Newton (city, Massachusetts, northeastern Nice (city, southern France) : 1814–1860 Italian
United States) : to 1691 New Towne Nizza; Roman Nicaea
Newton see (1) 2Picton; (2) Ridgewood Nicephorium see Ar Raqqah
Newtonferry (village, Western Isles, northwest- Nicholas II Land see Severnaya Zemlya
ern Scotland) : Gaelic Port nan Long Nicomedia see jzmit
Newton in Makerfield see Newton-le-Willows Nico Pérez see José Batlle y Ordoñez
Newton-le-Willows (town, northwestern En- Nicopolis see Nikopol
gland) : formerly Newton in Makerfield (The Nicosia (city, north central Cyprus) : [modern
town’s adoption of the current name causes Greek Levkosía; Turkish Lef ko£a]; formerly
potential confusion with a village of the same Ledra (In 1974 the city was divided by the At-
name in Yorkshire.) tila Line, with the southern sector in the
Newton’s Station see Glen Ellyn Greek-speaking Republic of Cyprus and the
Newtown (town, east central Wales) : Welsh Y northern in the Turkish Republic of Northern
Drenewydd Cyprus. In 2008 the border checkpoint in
Newtown see (1) Elmira; (2) Macon Ledra Street, the city’s main shopping street,
Nidaros 142

was reopened, leading to hopes of reunification Nikumaroro (atoll, central Kiribati) : formerly
for the island as a whole.) Gardner Island
Nidaros see Trondheim Nikunau (island, western Kiribati) : formerly
Nidum see Neath Byron Island
Nidzica (town, northeastern Poland) : to 1945 Nile (river, eastern and northeastern Africa) :
German Neidenburg [Arabic An Nnl]
Niegocin, Lake (northeastern Poland) : to 1945 Niles (city, Ohio, north central United States) :
German Löwentin 1834–1843 Nilestown; to 1834 Heaton’s Furnace
Niemcza (town, southwestern Poland) : to 1945 Niles Center see Skokie
German Nimptsch Nilestown see Niles
Niemodlin (town, southwestern Poland) : to Nimburg see Nymburk
1945 German Falkenberg Nîmes (city, southern France) : Roman Nemausus
Nie¢wie∞ see Nyasvizh Nimptsch see Niemcza
Nieuport see Nieuwpoort Nimrud (ancient city, northern Iraq) : biblical
Nieuw Amstel see New Castle Calah
Nieuw Amsterdam see New York Nimwegen see Nijmegen
Nieuwpoort (town, western Belgium) : French Nin (village, southern Croatia) : 1941–1943 Ital-
Nieuport ian Nona; Roman Aenona
Nihon see Japan Ninety Mile Beach see Eighty Mile Beach
Niitoi see Novoye Ningbo (city, eastern China) : 1911–1949 Nin-
Nijmegen (city, eastern Netherlands) : 1939– gzian
1944 German Nimwegen; Roman Noviomagus Ningxian see Ningbo
Nijvel see Nivelles Niquelândia (city, east central Brazil) : to 1944
Nikel’ (town, northwestern Russia) : to 1944 Portuguese São José do Tocantins
Finnish Kolosjoki Ni§ (city, southeastern Serbia) : Roman Naissus
Nikitino see Nikopol’ Nísia Floresta (town, eastern Brazil) : to 1948
Nikitin Rog see Nikopol’ Papari
Nikitinskiye Promysly see 1Kirovsky Nisibis see Nusaybin
Nikitovka (village, western Russia) : to 1945 Niterói (city, eastern Brazil) : to 1836 Portuguese
German Marienhof Villa Real da Praia Grande
Nikolainkaupunki see Vaasa Nitra (city, southwestern Slovakia) : to 1918
Nikolaistad see Vaasa Hungarian Nyitra; to 1867 German Neutra
Nikolayev see 1,2Mykolayiv Nitrianske Pravno (village, west central Slova-
Nikolayevka see Novovorontsovka kia) : to 1918 Hungarian Németpróna; to 1867
Nikolayevka-Vyrevskaya see 2Zhovtneve German Deutsch-Proben
Nikolayevsk see Pugachyov Niuafo’ou (island, northern Tonga) : formerly
Nikolayevskoye see 2Krasnogvardeyskoye Proby Island
Nikolsburg see Mikulov Niuatoputopu (island, northern Tonga) : for-
Nikol’sk (city, western Russia) : to 1954 merly Boscawen Island
Nikol’skaya Pestravka Nivelles (town, central Belgium) : Flemish Nijvel
Nikol’sk see Ussuriysk Nivenskoye (village, western Russia) : to 1945
Nikol’skaya Pestravka see Nikol’sk German Wittenberg
Nikol’skaya Sloboda see Osa Niwbwrch see Newborough
Nikol’skoye see Sheksna Nizhnegorsky see Nyzhn’ohirs’kyy
Nikol’sk-Ussuriysky see Ussuriysk Nizhnesaraninsky see Sarana
Nikol’sky see Satpayev Nizhneserginsky Zavod see Nizhniye Sergi
Nikol’sky Khutor see Sursk Nizhnetroitsky (town, western Russia) : to 1928
Nikopol (town, northern Bulgaria) : to 1878 Nizhnetroitsky Zavod
Turkish Nyebol; Roman Nicopolis Nizhnetroitsky Zavod see Nizhnetroitsky
Nikopol’ (city, east central Ukraine) : to 1782 Nizhneturinsky Zavod see Nizhnyaya Tura
Mykytyne (Russian Nikitino); earlier Mykytyn Nizhnevolzhsk see Narimanov
Rih (Russian Nikitin Rog) Nizhniye Kresty see Chersky
Niksar (town, north central Turkey) : Roman Nizhniye Sergi (town, west central Russia) : to
Neocaesarea 1928 Nizhneserginsky Zavod
Nik§iW (city, central Montenegro) : formerly Nizhniye Ustriki see Ustrzyki Dolne
Onogo§t; Roman Anagastum Nizhny Agdzhakend see Goranboy
 143 Norwood

Nizhnyaya Dobrinka see Dobrinka Northampton see (1) Allentown; (2) Mount
Nizhnyaya Tura (city, west central Russia) : to Holly
1929 Nizhneturinsky Zavod North Bloomington see Normal
Nizhny Naur see Nadterechnaya North Borneo see Sabah
Nizhny Novgorod (city, western Russia) : 1932– North Bridgewater see Brockton
1990 Gor’ky (The city’s name, “Lower Nov- North Cape (northern Norway) : [Norwegian
gorod,” distinguishes it from Veliky Nov- Nordkapp]
gorod, to the north near St. Petersburg, the North Chelsea see Revere
adjective describing its status rather than its North East Frontier Agency see Arunachal
relative geographical position.) Pradesh
Nizov’ye (village, western Russia) : to 1945 Ger- Northern see Limpopo
man Waldau Northern Ireland (territory, western United
Nizza see Nice Kingdom) : colloquially Ulster (The colloquial
No see Thebes name is properly that of the province of nine
Nocera Inferiore (town, southern Italy) : Roman counties that existed before the 1922 division
Nuceria Alfaterna of Ireland into an independent state in the
Nocera Umbra (town, central Italy) : Roman south and a region of the United Kingdom in
Nuceria the north. The present Northern Ireland has
Noda see 1Chekhov only six counties.)
Nogales (town, Arizona, southwestern United Northern Rhodesia see Zambia
States) : to 1882 Isaacson Northern Transvaal see Limpopo
Nogaysk see Prymors’k North Fork see Norfolk
Noginsk (city, western Russia) : 1781–1930 Bogo- North Greenfield see West Allis
rodsk; originally Rogozha North Island (northern New Zealand) : Maori
Nohays’ke see Prymors’k Te Ika a Maui (The Maori name, meaning “the
Nolinsk (town, western Russia) : 1940–1957 fish of Maui,” contrasts with those of South
Molotovsk Island and Stewart Island.)
Nome (town, Alaska, northwestern United North Land see Severnaya Zemlya
States) : originally Anvil City North Little Rock (city, Arkansas, south central
Nomentum see Mentana United States) : to 1901 Argenta; earlier
Nona see Nin Huntersville; to 1853 De Cantillon (Argenta
Nonouti (atoll, western Kiribati) : formerly was annexed by the city of Little Rock in
Sydenham Island 1890.)
Noph see Memphis Northop (village, northeastern Wales) : Welsh
Norakert see Baghramyan Llaneurgain
Norashen see ßärur North Sea (northwestern Europe) : formerly
Norba see Norma usually German Ocean; Roman Mare German-
Nor-Bayazet see Gavarr icum
Nordenskjöld Sea see Laptev Sea North Tarrytown see Sleepy Hollow
Nordkapp see North Cape Northton (village, Western Isles, northwestern
Nord-Ostsee Kanal see Kiel Canal Scotland) : Gaelic Taobh Tuath
Norfolk (town, Nebraska, central United States) North Uist (island, Western Isles, northwestern
: formerly Norfork; originally North Fork Scotland) : Gaelic Uibhist a’ Tuath
Norfolk Broads see Broads, The North Vancouver (city, British Columbia,
Norfork see Norfolk southwestern Canada) : 1872–1907 Moodyville
Norge see Norway Northwich (town, northwestern England) :
Norinberga see Nürnberg Roman Condate
Norma (village, western Italy) : Roman Norba North Yakima see Yakima
Normal (town, Illinois, north central United Norton de Matos see Balombo
States) : to 1857 North Bloomington Norusovo see Kalinino
Normandie see Normandy Norwalk (city, California, southwestern United
Normandy (region, northern France) : [French States) : originally Corvallis
Normandie] Norway (kingdom, northwestern Europe) :
Normanton see Port Elgin [Norwegian Norge]
Norman Wells (village, Northwest Territories, Norwood (village, Ontario, southeastern
northwestern Canada) : alternate Inuit Legohli Canada) : to 1838 Keeler’s Mills
Nossa Senhora da Conceição 144

Nossa Senhora da Conceição de Campinas de monarchy, so the authorities shrewdly adapted

Matto Grosso see Campinas it to a form meaning “New Hope.”)
Nossa Senhora da Conceição dos Guarulhos Novantarum Peninsula see Rinns of Galloway
see Guarulhos Nová Paka (town, northern Czech Republic) : to
Nossa Senhora das Dores de Tatuibi see 1918, 1939–1945 German Neupaka
Limeira Nova Prata (town, southern Brazil) : to 1944 Prata
Nossa Senhora do Livramento (town, north- Novara (city, northwestern Italy) : Roman No-
eastern Brazil) : 1944–1948 Portuguese São varia
José dos Cocais; to 1944 Portuguese Livra- Novaria see Novara
mento Nova Sintra see Catabola
Nossa Senhora dos Prazeres de Itapetininga Nova Siri (town, southern Italy) : ancient Greek
see Itapetininga Siris
Nosy Boraha (island, eastern Madagascar) : for- Nova Sofala see Sofala
merly French Ste.-Marie Nova Vicenza see Farroupilha
Nöteborg see Shlissel’burg Novaya Aleksandriya see Puùawy
Noto (town, southern Italy) : Roman Netum Novaya Bukhara see Kogon
Notre-Dame-de-Foy see Ste.-Foy Novaya Derevnya see Novosibirsk
Notre-Dame-des-Hermites see Einsiedeln Novaya Eushta see Timiryazevsky
Nottaway see Senneterre Novaya Krestovka see 1Kirovs’ke
Nouadhibou (town, northwestern Mauritania) : Novaya Lyalya (town, west central Russia) : to
to 1960s French Port-Étienne c.1928 Novolyalinsky Zavod
Nouméa (town, southern New Caledonia, South Novaya Nikol’skaya see Osa
Pacific) : formerly French Port-de-France Novaya Pis’myanka see Leninogorsk
Nouvelle Anvers see Makanza Novaya Zemlya (island group, northwestern
Nouvelle-Calédonie see New Caledonia Russia) : formerly English Nova Zembla
Nouvelle-France see Canada Novaya Zhizn’ see Kazanka
Nouvelle-Lambèse see Batna Nova Zagora (city, east central Bulgaria) : to
Nouvelle-Orléans see New Orleans 1878 Turkish Yeniza∑ra
Nouvelles-Hébrides see Vanuatu Nova Zembla see Novaya Zemlya
Novabad see Navabad Nové Mfisto nad Metují (town, northern Czech
Nová Baûa (town, south central Slovakia) : to Republic) : to 1918, 1939–1945 German Neu-
1918 Hungarian Újbánya stadt an der Mettau
Nova Chaves see Muconda Nové Mesto nad ¶atorom see Slovenské Nové
Nova Civitas see Neustadt an der Weinstrasse Mesto
Nova Dantzig see Cambé Nové Mesto nad Váhom (town, western Slova-
Nova Era (town, southeastern Brazil) : 1930– kia) : to 1918 Hungarian Vágújhely; to 1867
1944 Portuguese Presidente Vargas; to 1930 German Waag-Neustadt
Portuguese São José da Lagoa Nové Mfisto na Moravfi (town, east central
Novaesium see Neuss Czech Republic) : to 1918, 1939–1945 German
Nova Freixo see Cuamba Neustadtl
Nova Gaia see Cambundi-Catembo Nové Zámky (town, southwestern Slovakia) : to
Nova Gorica (town, western Slovenia) : 1919– 1918, 1938–1945 Hungarian Érsekújvár; to
1947 Italian Gorizia Montesanto (See note for 1867 German Neuhäusel
Gorizia.) Novgorod see Veliky Novgorod
Nova Gradi§ka (town, eastern Croatia) : to 1867 Novgradets see Suvorovo
German Neugradisca Novi see (1) Bosanski Novi; (2) Sidi Ghiles
Nova Iguaçu (city, eastern Brazil) : formerly Novi Kritsim see Stamboliyski
Maxambamba (The city is now a suburb of Noviodunum see (1) Nevers; (2) Nyon
Rio de Janeiro.) Noviomagus see (1) Chichester; (2) Crayford;
Nova Khrestivka see 1Kirovs’ke (3) Lisieux; (4) Neumagen; (5) Nijmegen;
Nova Lamego see Gabú (6) Noyon; (7) Speyer
Nova Lisboa see Huambo Noviomagus Regnorum see Chichester
1
Nova Nadezhda (village, southeastern Bulgaria) : Novi Pazar (town, eastern Bulgaria) : to 1878
to 1948 Knyaginya Nadezhda (The earlier Turkish Yenipazar
2
name, meaning “Princess Nadezhda,” became Novi Pazar (city, southwestern Serbia) : to 1913
unacceptable following the abolition of the Turkish Yenipazar
 145 Novosyolovka

Novi Sad (city, northern Serbia) : to 1918, 1941– Novokubansk (city, southwestern Russia) : to
1944 Hungarian Újvidék; to 1867 German 1966 Novokubansky
Neusatz Novokubansky see Novokubansk
Novi Travnik (town, central Bosnia-Herzego- Novokuznetsk (city, southern Russia) : 1932–
vina) : formerly Pucarevo 1961 Stalinsk; to 1931 Kuznetsk-Sibirsky
Novo-Aleksandrovka see Melitopol’ Novolakskoye (village, southwestern Russia) : to
1
Novoaleksandrovsk (city, southwestern Russia) 1944 Yaryksu-Aukh
: to 1971 Novoaleksandrovskaya Novolyalinsky Zavod see Novaya Lyalya
2
Novoaleksandrovsk (town, eastern Russia) : Novolyubino see Lyubinsky
1905–1945 Japanese Konuma Novo-Mariinsk see Anadyr’
Novoaleksandrovsk see Zarasai Novo Mesto (town, southeastern Slovenia) : to
Novoaleksandrovskaya see 1Novoaleksan- 1918 German Rudolfswerth
drovsk Novominsk see Miüsk Mazowiecki
Novoalekseyevka see Khobda Novomoskovsk (city, western Russia) : 1934–
Novoaltaysk (town, southern Russia) : to 1962 1961 Stalinogorsk; to 1934 Bobriki
Chesnokovka Novomykolayivka see (1) Chkalove;
Novoarkhangelsk see Sitka (2) Novoazovs’k
Novoasbest (town, west central Russia) : to 1933 Novonazyvayevka see Nazyvayevsk
Krasnouralsky Rudnik Novonikolayevka see (1) Chkalove; (2) Novo-
Novoazovsk see Novoazovs’k azovs’k
Novoazovs’k (town, southeastern Ukraine) : Novonikolayevsk see Novosibirsk
(Russian Novoazovsk); 1959–1966 Novoazovs’ke Novonikolayevsky see Novosibirsk
(Russian Novoazovskoye); 1923–1959 Bud’on- Novooleksandrivka see Melitopol’
nivka (Russian Budyonnovka); to 1923 Novo- Novopashiysky see 2Gornozavodsk
mykolayivka (Russian Novonikolayevka) Novopavlovsk (town, southwestern Russia) : to
Novoazovs’ke see Novoazovs’k 1981 Novopavlovskaya
Novoazovskoye see Novoazovs’k Novopavlovskaya see Novopavlovsk
Novobureysky (town, southeastern Russia) : for- Novopetrovskoye see Fort-Shevchenko
merly Bureya-Pristan’ Novoradomsk see Radomsko
Novocheremshansk (town, western Russia) : Novo Redondo see Sumbe
formerly Stary Salavan Novorossiysk see Dnipropetrovs’k
Novodvinsk (city, northwestern Russia) : to 1977 Novoselivka see 2Frunze
Pervomaysky Novoselivs’ke (town, southern Ukraine) : (Rus-
Novoekonomicheskoye see Dymytrov sian Novosyolovskoye); to 1944 Fraidorf (The
Novoekonomichne see Dymytrov town was a Jewish settlement from the
Novogeorgiyevsk see (1) Modlin; (2) Svit- mid–1920s to World War II.)
lovods’k Novo Selo see D≠lgopol
Novogordino see Krasnoye Ekho Novosel’skoye see Achkhoy-Martan
Novograd-Volynsk see Novohrad-Volyns’kyy Novoseltsi see Elin Pelin
Novograd-Volynsky see Novohrad-Volyn Novoshakhtinsk (city, southwestern Russia) :
s’kyy 1929–1939 Komintern; earlier imeni III Inter-
Novogroznensky see Oyskhara natsionala
Novogrudok see Navahrudak Novosibirsk (city, southern Russia) : 1903–1926
Novoheorhiyivs’ke see Svitlovods’k Novonikolayevsk; 1895–1903 Novonikolayevsky;
Novohrad-Volyns’kyy (city, northwestern 1894–1895 Aleksandrovsky; to 1894 Novaya
Ukraine) : (Russian Novograd-Volynsky); to Derevnya (The current name of the Siberian
1925 Russian Novograd-Volynsk (The earlier city was selected by readers of a regional news-
Russian name was adjusted to conform with paper. Other proposals were Krasnograd, Kras-
Ukrainian usage.) nokuznetsk, Krasnosibirsk, Obgorod, Oktyabr’-
Novokashirsk (town, western Russia) : c.1935– grad, Sibgrad, and Sibkraygrad.)
c.1957 Kaganovich; 1932–c.1935 Ternovsk; to Novosibirskiye Ostrova see New Siberian Is-
1932 Ternovsky (The town was incorporated lands
into the city of Kashira in 1963.) Novo-Starobinsk see Salihorsk
Novokaterynoslav see Svatove Novostroyevo (village, western Russia) : to 1945
Novokazalinsk see Ayteke Bi German Trempen
Novokiyevskoye see Kraskino Novosyolovka see 2Frunze
Novosyolovskoye 146

Novosyolovskoye see Novoselivs’ke Nowy SRcz (city, southeastern Poland) : to 1945

Novotroitskoye see (1) Sokuluk; (2) Tole Bi German Neusandez
Novourgench see Urganch Nowy Staw (town, northern Poland) : 1772–1945
Novovoronezh (city, western Russia) : to 1987 German Neuteich
Novovoronezhsky Nowy Targ (town, southern Poland) : to 1918,
Novovoronezhsky see Novovoronezh 1940–1945 German Neumarkt
Novovorontsovka (town, south central Ukraine) Nowy Tomy§l (town, western Poland) : 1793–
: to 1821 Mykolayivka (Russian Nikolayevka) 1807, 1815–1919, 1939–1945 German Neu-
Novovyatsk (city, western Russia) : 1939–1955 tomischel
Lesozavodsky; to 1939 Grukhi (The former city Noyon (town, northern France) : Roman Novio-
was incorporated into Kirov in 1989.) magus
Novoye (village, eastern Russia) : 1905–1945 Nozhay-Yurt (village, southwestern Russia) :
Japanese Niitoi 1940s–1950s Andalaly
Novoyekaterinoslav see Svatove Nsanje (city, southern Malawi) : to 1964 Port
Novy Afon see Akhali Ap’oni Herald
Novï Bor (town, northern Czech Republic) : to Ntshingwayo Dam (eastern South Africa) : to
1946 Bor u Teské Lípy 2000 Chelmsford Dam
Novï Byd±ov (town, north central Czech Re- Nuanetsi see Mwenezi
public) : to 1918, 1938–1945 German Neubid- Nuceria see Nocera Umbra
schow Nuceria Alfaterna see Nocera Inferiore
Novy Donbass see Dymytrov Nuestra Señora de Guadalupe de Ponce see
Novï JiVín (city, eastern Czech Republic) : to Ponce
1918, 1938–1945 German Neutitschein Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria de El Banco
Novy Margelan see Farg’ona see El Banco
Novy Uzen’ see Zhanaozen Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria de Mayagüez
Novy Yarychev see Novyy Yarychiv see Mayagüez
Novyy Donbas see Dymytrov Nuestra Señora de la Paz see La Paz
Novyye Aldy see Chernorech’ye Nuestra Señora del Espíritu Santo Zuñiga see
Novyye Aneny see Anenii Noi Goliad
Novyye Kholmogory see Arkhangel’sk Nuestra Señora del Puerto de las Conchas see
1
Novyye Petushki see Petushki San Fernando
Novyy Yarychiv (town, western Ukraine) : (Rus- Nueva Buenos Aires see Bahía Blanca
sian Novy Yarychev) : 1349–1772, 1919–1939 Nueva Caceres see Naga
Polish Jaryczów Nowy Nueva Ciudad de San Salvador see Nueva San
Novy Zay see Zainsk Salvador
Nowa Ruda (town, southwestern Poland) : to Nueva Córdoba see Cumaná
1945 German Neurode Nueva Filipina see Pinar del Río
Nowa Sól (town, western Poland) : to 1945 Ger- Nueva Isabela see Santo Domingo
man Neusalz Nueva Madrid see Ocaña
Nowawes see Babelsberg Nueva San Salvador (city, west central El Salva-
Nowe Miasteczko (town, western Poland) : to dor) : originally Nueva Ciudad de San Salvador
1945 German Neustädtel Nueva Valencia del Rey see 2Valencia
Nowe ¡widciany see ¶venVioncliai Nueva Villa de Salamanca see San Germán
Nowe Warpno (town, northwestern Poland) : to Nueva Zamora see Maracaibo
1945 German Neuwarp Nukha see ßäki
Nowogard (town, northwestern Poland) : to Nukulaelae (atoll, southern Tuvalu) : formerly
1945 German Neugard Mitchell Island
Nowogródek see Navahrudak Nukunonu (atoll, central Tokelau) : formerly
Nowogrodziec (town, southwestern Poland) : to Duke of Clarence Island
1945 German Naumburg am Queis Numantia see Garray
Nowy Bytom see Ruda ¡lRska Nunap Isua see Farewell, Cape
Nowy Dwór Gdaüski (town, northern Poland) : Nunnepog see Edgartown
1772–1945 German Tiegenhof Nurabad see Nurobod
Nowy Port (suburban district, northern Poland) Nuremberg see Nürnberg
: 1793–1945 German Neufahrwasser (Nowy Nuristan (region, eastern Afghanistan) : formerly
Port is a port area of Gdaüsk.) Kafiristan
 147 Ofanto

Nürnberg (city, south central Germany) : tradi- Oberdorf see Remennikovo

tional English Nuremberg; Medieval Latin Oberglogau see Gùogówek
Norinberga (The traditional spelling became Oberhaid see Horní Dvo†i§tfi
familiar from the “Nuremberg trials” of Ger- Oberlaibach see Vrhnika
man war criminals after World War II.) Obernick see Oborniki
Nurobod (town, east central Uzbekistan) : (Rus- Obernigk see Oborniki ¡lRskie
sian Nurabad); to 1983 Sovetabad Obernik see Oborniki
Nusaybin (town, southeastern Turkey) : ancient Oberpahlen see Põltsamaa
Greek Nisibis Ober-Radkersburg see Gornja Radgona
Nussdorf see NQsQud Oberwart (town, eastern Austria) : to 1919 Hun-
Nuuk (town, southwestern Greenland) : to 1979 garian Felsââr
Godthåb Obiralovka see 1Zheleznodorozhny
Nyagan’ (town, west central Russia) : formerly Oborniki (town, western Poland) : 1939–1945
Nyakh German Obernick; 1815–1919 German Obernik
Nyahururu (town, central Kenya) : to 1975 Oborniki ¡lRskie (town, southwestern Poland) :
Thomson’s Falls to 1945 German Obernigk
Nyakh see Nyagan’ Obruchevo see Dashtobod
Nyanda see Masvingo Obukhivka see 2Kirovs’ke
Nyando see Rooseveltown Obukhovka see 2Kirovs’ke
Nyasa, Lake see Malawi, Lake Ocaña (city, northern Colombia) : originally
Nyasaland see Malawi Nueva Madrid
Nyasvizh (city, western Belarus) : (Russian Ocean Beach see Miami Beach
Nesvizh); 1919–1939 Polish Nie¢wie∞; to 1918 Ocean Island see Banaba
Russian Nesvizh Ocean Springs (town, Mississippi, southeastern
Nyebol see Nikopol United States) : 1853–1854 Lynchburg; to 1853
Nyfer see Nevern Fort Maurepas
Nyitra see Nitra Ochiai see Dolinsk
Nyitrabánya see Handlová Ocriculum see Otricoli
Nyland see Uudenmaan Ocrinum Promontorium see Lizard, The
Nylstroom see Modimolle Octapitarum Promontorium see St. David’s
Nymburk (town, west central Czech Republic) : Head
1939–1945 German Neuenburg an der Elbe; to Ödenburg see Sopron
1918 German Nimburg Odenpäh see Otepää
Nyon (town, western Switzerland) : Roman Oder (river, northeastern Czech Republic/south-
Noviodunum western Poland/northeastern Germany) :
Nysa (city, southern Poland) : to 1945 German Czech and Polish Odra (For much of its course
Neisse the river forms the border between Poland and
Nystad see Uusikaupunki Germany.)
Nyzhn’ohirs’kyy (town, southern Ukraine) : Oderberg see Bohumín
(Russian Nizhnegorsky); to 1944 Seitler Odertal see Zdzieszowice
N’zeto (town, northwestern Angola) : formerly Oderzo (town, northeastern Italy) : Roman
Ambrizete Opitergium
Oak Bluffs (town, Massachusetts, northeastern Odesa see Odessa
United States) : to 1907 Cottage City Odessa (city, southern Ukraine) : [Ukrainian
Oak Glen see Glenview Odesa]; (Russian Odessa); to 1918 Russian Odessa
Oak Park (town, Illinois, north central United Odessus see Varna
States) : originally Oak Ridge Odolanów (town, western Poland) : 1793–1807,
Oak Ridge see Oak Park 1815–1919, 1939–1945 German Adelnau
Oban (town, southern New Zealand) : alternate Odorheiu Secuiesc (city, central Romania) : to
Half-Moon Bay 1918, 1940–1944 Hungarian Székelyudvarhely
Obbe see Leverburgh Odra see Oder
Obdorsk see Salekhard Odrin see Edirne
Óbecse see BeVej Oea see 2Tripoli
Obedinenie (village, northern Bulgaria) : 1941– Oels see Ole¢nica
1978 Knyaz Simeonovo Ofanto (river, southeastern Italy) : Roman
Obedovo see 4Oktyabr’sky Aufidus
Offaly 148

Offaly (county, east central Ireland) : Irish Uíbh 1

Oktyabr’sky (town, eastern Russia, near Ust’-
Fhailí; 1577–1920 English King’s County Bol’sheretsk) : formerly imeni Mikoyana
Offa’s Dyke (entrenchment, eastern Wales) : 2
Oktyabr’sky (town, southwestern Russia, near
Welsh Clawdd Offa (The linear earthwork that Belgorod) : 1938–1960 Mikoyanovka; to 1938
today approximately corresponds to the border Voskresenovka
between England and Wales was built in the 3
Oktyabr’sky (town, western Russia, near Bor) :
8th century by Offa, king of Mercia, to mark to 1957 imeni V.M. Molotova
the western boundary of his territory.) 4
Oktyabr’sky (town, western Russia, near
Offutt Air Force Base (Nebraska, central United Ivanovo) : to 1941 Obedovo
States) : to 1924 Fort Crook 5
Oktyabr’sky (town, western Russia, near
Ogasawara-gunto see Bonin Islands Galich) : to 1939 Brantovka
Ogden (city, Utah, western United States) : orig- 6
Oktyabr’sky (town, western Russia, near
inally Brownsville Mikhaylov) : to 1927 Sapronovo
Oglethorpe, Mt. (Georgia, southeastern United 7
Oktyabr’sky (town, southwestern Russia, near
States) : to 1929 Grassy Mountain Volgograd) : formerly Kruglyakov
Ogmore-by-Sea (village, southern Wales) : 8
Oktyabr’sky (village, western Russia, near Kras-
Welsh Ogwr noufimsk) : formerly Chad
Ogmore Vale (village, southern Wales) : Welsh Oktyabr’sky see (1) Aktsyabrski; (2) Takhta-
Cwm Ogwr mukay
Ognyanovo (village, south central Bulgaria) : to Oùawa (city, southwestern Poland) : to 1945 Ger-
1948 Maritsa man Ohlau
Ogumkiqueok see Liverpool Olbia (town, northeastern Sardinia, Italy) : to
Ogwr see Ogmore-by-Sea 1939 Terranova Pausania
Ógyalla see Hurbanovo Olcinium see Ulcinj
O’Higgins Land see Antarctic Peninsula Old Delhi see Delhi
Ohlau see Oùawa Old Harry’s Town see 2Manchester
Ohri see Ohrid Old Hickory (village, Tennessee, east central
Ohrid (town, southwestern Macedonia) : 1915– United States) : to 1923 Jacksonville
1918 Bulgarian Okhrida; to 1913 Turkish Ohri; Old Sarum see Salisbury
ancient Greek Lychidnos Oldtown see Harrodsburg
Okchelar see 2Aleksandrovo Olecko (town, northeastern Poland) : 1938–1945
Okhrida see Ohrid German Treuburg; 1928–1938 German
Okiato see Russell Oletzko; to 1928 Marggrabowa
Okinawa (city, southern Japan) : formerly Koza Oleksandrivka see Lozno-Oleksandrivka
Okny see Krasni Okny Oleksandrivs’k see Zaporizhzhya
Oko see Yasnomorsky Oleksiyeve-Leonove see Torez
Okonek (town, northwestern Poland) : to 1945 Oleksiyeve-Orlivka see Shakhtars’k
German Ratzebuhr Oleksiyivka see Torez
Okotoks (town, Alberta, southwestern Canada) : Olenacum see Ilkley
to 1897 Dewdney Olenegorsk (town, northwestern Russia) : to
Oktemberyan see Armavir 1957 Olen’ya
Oktyabr’sk see Kandyagash Olenivka see Zoryns’k
Oktyabrs’ke (town, southern Ukraine) : (Rus- Olenivs’ki Kar’yery see Dokuchayevs’k
sian Oktyabr’skoye); to 1945 Biyuk-Onlar Olen’ya see Olenegorsk
1
Oktyabr’skoye (village, southwestern Russia, Oleshky see Tsyurupyns’k
near Vladikavkaz) : formerly Kartsa; to 1944 Ole¢nica (town, southwestern Poland) : to 1945
Sholkhi German Oels
2
Oktyabr’skoye (village, southwestern Russia, Olesno (town, southern Poland) : to 1945 Ger-
near Meleuz) : 1923–1937 Kashirinskoye; to man Rosenberg
1923 Isayevo-Dedovo Oletzko see Olecko
3
Oktyabr’skoye (village, west central Russia, Ol’ginskoye see Kochubeyevskoye
near Nyagan’) : to 1963 Kondinskoye Olicana see Ilkley
4
Oktyabr’skoye (village, western Russia, near Olifantshoek see 4Alexandria
Mariinsky Posad) : to 1939 Ismeli Olisipo see Lisbon
Oktyabr’skoye see (1) Oktyabrs’ke; (2) 1Zhovt- Olita see Alytus
neve Oliva see Oliwa
 149 Orense

Olivença see Lupilichi Ootacamund see Udagamandalam

Olives, Mount of (ridge, south central West Oothcaloga see Calhoun
Bank) : alternate biblical Olivet Opatija (town, western Croatia) : to 1947 Italian
Olivet see Olives, Mount of Abbazia
Oliwa (city district, northern Poland) : 1772– Opava (city, eastern Czech Republic) : to 1918,
1919, 1939–1945 German Oliva (Oliwa is a res- 1938–1945 German Troppau
idential distict of Gdaüsk.) Ópazova see Stara Pazova
Olkhivchyk see Shakhtars’k Opitergium see Oderzo
Ol’khovchik see Shakhtars’k Opole (city, southern Poland) : to 1945 German
Ol’khovsky see Artyomovsk Oppeln
Olkusz (town, southern Poland) : 1940–1945 Opon see Lapu-Lapu
German Ilkenau Oporto (city, northwestern Portugal) : [Por-
Ollila see Solnechnoye tuguese Porto] (English generally prefers the
Olmütz see Olomouc city’s earlier Portuguese name, itself simply
Olomouc (city, eastern Czech Republic) : to representing o porto, “the port.”)
1918, 1938–1945 German Olmütz Oppeln see Opole
Olonets (town, northwestern Russia) : formerly Optikogorsk see 1Krasnogorsk
Finnish Aunus Oradea (city, northwestern Romania) : to 1918,
Olsztyn (city, northeastern Poland) : 1772–1945 1940–1944 Hungarian Nag yvárad; to 1867
German Allenstein German Grosswardein
Olsztynek (town, northeastern Poland) : to 1945 Oral (city, northwestern Kazakhstan) : to 1991
German Hohenstein Russian Ural’sk
Ólubló see Stará L’ubovûa Oran (city, northwestern Algeria) : [Arabic
Ol’viopil’ see 2Pervomays’k WahrIn] (The city has retained the French co-
Ol’viopol’ see 2Pervomays’k lonial spelling of the Arabic name.)
1
Olympia (city, Washington, northwestern Orange (town, southeastern France) : Roman
United States) : originally Smithfield Arausio
2
Olympus, Mt. see (1) Troodos; (2) Ulu Dağ Orange (city, California, southwestern United
Ol’zheras see Mezhdurechensk States) : to 1875 Richland
3
Omagh (town, west central Northern Ireland) : Orange (town, Texas, southern United States) :
Irish An Ómaigh 1852–1856 Madison; to 1852 Green’s Bluff
Oman (sultanate, southeastern Arabia) : to 1970 Orange see Hillsborough
Muscat and Oman Orange Free State see Free State
Omdurman (city, east central Sudan) : [Arabic Oranienbaum see Lomonosov
Umm DurmIn] (The English name is associ- Orany see Varcna
ated with the 1898 Anglo-Egyptian victory Ora£ul Stalin see Bra£ov
over the Sudanese tribesmen of the khalifah Orcades see Orkney Islands
‘Abd Allah.) Orchard Park (town, New York, northeastern
Omi§ (town, southern Croatia) : to 1918 Italian United States) : to 1934 East Hamburg
Amissa Ordona (village, southeastern Italy) : Roman
Omurtag (town, east central Bulgaria) : to 1878 Herdonia
Turkish Osmanpazar Ordzhonikidze see (1) Denisovka; (2) Khara-
On see Heliopolis gauli; (3) Vladikavkaz; (4) Yenakiyeve
Ondjiva (town, southern Angola) : formerly Por- Ordzhonikidzeabad see Kofarnihon
tuguese Vila Pereira de Eça Ordzhonikidzegrad see Bezhitsa
Oneonta (town, New York, northeastern United Ordzhonikidze Kray see Stavropol’ Kray
States) : to 1832 McDonald’s Bridge Ordzhonikidzevskaya see Sleptsovskaya
One£ti (city, eastern Romania) : to 1990 Gheorge Orekhi-Vydritsa see Arekhawsk
Gheorgiu-Dej Orekhovsk see Arekhawsk
Onogo§t see Nik§iW Ore Mountains see Erzgebirge
Onslow Courthouse see 2Jacksonville Orenburg (city, southwestern Russia) : 1938–
Ontario (province, southern Canada) : 1841– 1957 Chkalov (The city, founded on the site of
1867 Canada West; 1791–1841 Upper Canada present-day Orsk, moved to its present loca-
(The historical names for the province were es- tion in 1743, keeping its original name.)
sentially interchangeable. Cp. Quebec.) Orense (city, northwestern Spain) : Roman
Oostende see Ostend Aquae Originis
Oreshek 150

Oreshek see Shlissel’burg Orono (town, Maine, northeastern United

Orestiada (town, northeastern Greece) : to 1913 States) to 1840 Stillwater
Turkish Emirli Orontes (river, western Syria) : [Arabic Nahr al-
Øresund (strait, western Denmark/southern ‘A•n]
Sweden) : dated English The Sound Orontes see Alwand
Orgeyev see Orhei Oroszvár see Rusovce
Orgtrud (town, western Russia) : 1927-c.1940 Orschowa see Or£ova
Lemeshensky Orsk (city, southwestern Russia) : originally
Orhanie see (1) Botevgrad; (2) KaVanik Orenburg (The city stands on the original loca-
Orhei (city, central Moldova) : (Russian tion of Orenburg.)
Orgeyev); to 1918 Russian Orgeyev Orsona see Osuna
Orientale (province, northeastern Democratic Orsova see Or£ova
Republic of the Congo) : 1997 Haut-Congo; Or£ova (town, southwestern Romania) : to
1971–1997 Haut-Zaïre; 1947–1971 Orientale; 1918 Hungarian Orsova; to 1867 German
1933–1947 Stanleyville; to 1933 Orientale Orschowa
Orizaba see Citlaltépetl Ortaköy see Ivaylovgrad
Orizona (city, east central Brazil) : to 1944 Ortelsburg see Szczytno
Campo Formoso Or¨mnyeh (city, northwestern Iran) : alternate
Orjonikidzeobod see Kofarnihon dated Urmia; 1930s-1979 RezI’nyeh (The same
Orkhaniye see Botevgrad names apply to the lake near which the city
Orkney Islands (northern Scotland) : Roman stands.)
Orcades Orvieto (town, central Italy) : Medieval Latin
Orlando (city, Florida, southeastern United Urbs Vetus
States) : to 1857 Jernigan Orzysz (town, northeastern Poland) : to 1945
Orlau see Orlová German Arys
Orleans see Orléans Osa (town, western Russia) : to 1737 Osinskaya;
Orléans (city, north central France) : English earlier Novaya Nikol’skaya; originally
Orleans; Roman Aurelianum; earlier Roman Nikol’skaya Sloboda
Genabum (The English form of the name is Osaka (city, southern Japan) : formerly Naniwa
associated with the English siege of the town Osca see Huesca
in 1429 relieved by Joan of Arc, the “Maid Osceola see Winter Park
of Orleans,” during the Hundred Years’ Ösel see Saaremaa
War.) Oshawa (city, Ontario, southeastern Canada) : to
Orléansville see Ech Chélif 1842 Skea’s Corners
Orlov (town, western Russia) : 1923–1992 Khal- Oshkosh (city, Wisconsin, north central United
turin States) : to 1840 Athens
Orlová (town, eastern Czech Republic) : 1939– Oshmyany see Ashmyany
1945 German Orlau; 1918–1919, 1938–1939 Osijek (city, eastern Croatia) : to 1867 German
Polish Orùowa; to 1918 German Orlau Esseg
Orlovo (village, eastern Russia) : 1905–1945 Osimo (town, central Italy) : Roman Auximum
Japanese Ushiro Osinskaya see Osa
Orùowa see Orlová Osipenko see Berdyans’k
Orlyak (village, eastern Bulgaria) : to 1947 Öskemen (town, eastern Kazakhstan) : alternate
Mackensen (The former name is that of the Russian Ust’-Kamenogorsk
German World War I commander August von Oslo (city, southeastern Norway) : 1877–1924
Mackensen, with his own name of Scottish Kristiania; 1624–1877 Christiania; Medieval
origin.) Latin Asloga (The city’s original site was east of
Ormond Beach (city, Florida, southeastern the Aker River. After a disastrous fire in 1624,
United States) : to 1880 New Britain it was rebuilt on its present site at the head of
Ormo± (village, northeastern Slovenia) : to 1918 Oslo Fjord.)
German Friedau Osmanabad (district, south central India) : to
Orneta (town, northeastern Poland) : to 1945 c.1900 Naldrug
German Wormditt Osmanpazar see Omurtag
Orolaunum see Arlon Osnabrück (city, northwestern Germany) : for-
Orona (island, central Kiribati) : formerly Hull merly English Osnaburg
Island Osnaburg see Osnabrück
 151 Oued el Abtal

O¢no Lubuskie (town, western Poland) : to 1945 Osuna (city, southwestern Spain) : Roman Or-
German Drossen sona; earlier Roman Urso
Osoblaha (village, eastern Czech Republic) : to O¢widcim (town, southeastern Poland) : 1940–
1918, 1939–1945 German Hotzenplotz 1945 German Auschwitz (The German name
Ossersee see Zarasai continues in use, even among Poles, to refer to
Ossining (town, New York, northeastern United the World War II concentration camp here,
States) : to 1901 Sing Sing (The former name formally Auschwitz-Birkenau, Polish O¢widcim-
continued for the state prison here, renamed Brzezinka.)
Ossining Correctional Facility in 1969.) Osypenko see Berdyans’k
Ostenburg see Puùtusk Oszmiana see Ashmyany
Ostend (town, western Belgium) : [Flemish Oos- Otaihape see Taihape
tende; French Ostende] (The English form of Otani see Sokol
the name is regularly used not only for the Otdykh see Zhukovsky
port but in a historical context for the raid in Otegen Batyr (town, southeastern Kazakhstan) :
1918 by British naval forces on the German formerly Russian Energetichesky
submarine base here.) Otepää (town, southeastern Estonia) : to 1917
Ostende see Ostend German Odenpäh
Osterode see Ostróda Otero see La Junta
Österreich see Austria Otmuchów (town, southern Poland) : to 1945
Österreich-Ungarn see Austria-Hungary German Ottmachau
Ostgeym see Tel’manove OtoVac (town, western Croatia) : to 1867 Ger-
Ostheym see Tel’manove man Ottochacz
Ostian Way see Via Otomari see Korsakov
Ostrava (city, eastern Czech Republic) : to 1918, Otpor see Zabaykal’sk
1939–1945 German Mährisch-Ostrau (The Otradnoye (village, western Russia) : to 1945
Czech equivalent of the German name is German Georgenswalde (This Otradnoye, near
Moravská Ostrava, “Moravian Ostrava,” the Kaliningrad, should not be confused with the
city west of the Ostravice River. East of the larger Otradnoye near St. Petersburg.)
river is Slezská Ostrava, “Silesian Ostrava.”) Otradnoye see Otradny
Ostróda (city, northeastern Poland) : to 1945 Otradny (city, western Russia) : to 1956 Otrad-
German Osterode (When in East Prussia, the noye
city was known as Osterode in Ostpreussen, dis- Otranto (town, southeastern Italy) : Roman Hy-
tinguishing it from Osterode am Harz in cen- druntum
tral Germany, now usually known as simply Otricoli (village, central Italy) : Roman Ocricu-
Osterode.) lum
Ostrog see Ostroh Otrogovo see Stepnoye
Ostróg see Ostroh Otrokovice (town, southeastern Czech Republic)
Ostroh (town, western Ukraine) : (Russian Os- : to 1918, 1939–1945 German Otrokowitz
trog); 1919–1939 Polish Ostróg Otrokowitz see Otrokovice
1
Ostroùdka (city, northeastern Poland) : 1939– Ottawa (city, Ontario, southeastern Canada) : to
1945 German Scharfenwiese; to 1915 Russian 1854 Bytown
2
Ostrolenka Ottawa (town, Illinois, north central United
Ostrolenka see Ostroùdka States) : originally Carbonia
Ostrov see Ostrów Mazowiecka Ottlukköy see Panagyurishte
Ostrovo see Arnissa Ottmachau see Otmuchów
Ostrovskoye (town, western Russia) : to 1956 Ottochacz see OtoVac
Semyonovskoye Ottumwa (town, Iowa, north central United
Ostrów Mazowiecka (town, east central Poland) States) : to 1845 Louisville
: to 1915 Russian Ostrov Otvazhnoye see Zhigulyovsk
Ostrowo see Ostrów Wielkopolski Otvazhny see Zhigulyovsk
Ostrów Wielkopolski (city, west central Poland) Oudenaarde (town, western Belgium) : French
: 1793–1807, 1815–1919, 1939–1945 German Audenarde
Ostrowo Oudergem see Auderghem
Ostrzeszów (town, southwestern Poland) : 1793– Oudh see Ayodhya
1807, 1815–1919, 1939–1945 German Schildberg Oued el Abtal (town, northwestern Algeria) : to
Ostyako-Vogul’sk see Khanty-Mansiysk c.1962 French Uzès-le-Duc
Oued Rhio 152

Oued Rhio (town, northern Algeria) : to c.1962 Özalp (village, southeastern Turkey) : formerly
French Inkermann Karakalli
Ouessant (island, northwestern France) : tradi- Ozamiz ( city, southern Philippines) : to late
tional English Ushant; Roman Uxantis; alter- 1940s Misamis
nate Roman Uxisama (The English form of the Oznachennoye see Sayanogorsk
name is associated with the naval battle of Ozurget’i (town, southwestern Georgia) : 1934–
1794 between the British and French fleets. 1991 Makharadze
Both sides claimed victory, but the English Ozyorki (village, western Russia) : to 1945 Ger-
subsequently dubbed the encounter the “Glo- man Gross-Lindenau
rious First of June.”) Ozyorsk (town, western Russia) : 1938–1945
Oughterard (town, western Ireland) : Irish German Angerapp; to 1938 German Dark-
Uachtar Ard ehmen (The name Angerapp, from the river
Ouidah (town, southern Benin) : conventional here, was adopted because the Nazis felt the
English Whydah earlier name was “not German enough.”)
Ouled Mimoun (town, northwestern Algeria) : Ozyorsky (town, eastern Russia) : 1905–1945
to c.1962 French Lamoricière Japanese Nagahama
Ouled Moussa (town, northern Algeria) : to Paamiut (settlement, southern Greenland) : for-
c.1962 French St.-Pierre-St.-Paul merly Danish Frederikshåb
Oulmès (village, northwestern Morocco) : for- Pabianice (city, central Poland) : 1940–1945
merly Tarmilate German Pabianitz
Oulu (city, western Finland) : to 1809 Swedish Pabianitz see Pabianice
Uleåborg Pabradc (town, eastern Lithuania) : 1921–1939
Oulx (village, northwestern Italy) : 1937–1960 Polish Podbrodzie; to 1921 Russian Podberez’ye
Ulzio Pacaca see Ciudad Colón
Ourinhos (city, southeastern Brazil) : formerly Pacajus (city, northeastern Brazil) : to 1944
Jacarézinho Guarani
Ouro Prêto (city, eastern Brazil) : originally Vila Pacific City see Huntington Beach
Rica Pacific Ocean (between Arctic and Antarctic) :
Outer Hebrides see Western Isles formerly South Sea (The Pacific, so named by
Outer Mongolia see Mongolia Magellan in 1520, was earlier named South Sea
Over-the-River see San Angelo by Balboa on sighting it in 1513.)
Overton (village, northeastern Wales) : Welsh Paczków (town, southwestern Poland) : to 1945
Owrtyn German Patschkau
Ovetum see Oviedo Padali see Amursk
Oviedo (city, northern Spain) : Roman Ovetum Paderno (village, northern Italy) : to 1950
Ovilava see Wels Paderno Ossolaro
Owando (town, central Congo) : to 1977 French Paderno Ossolaro see Paderno
Fort-Rousset Padilla (town, south central Bolivia) : to 1900s
Owen Falls see Nalubaale Falls La Laguna
Owensboro (city, Kentucky, east central United Padova see Padua
States) : to 1866 Rossborough Padre Las Casas (town, southwestern Domini-
Owen Sound (town, Ontario, southeastern can Republic) : to 1928 Túbano
Canada) : to 1857 Sydenham Padre Miguelinho see 1Santo Antônio
Owrtyn see Overton Padua (city, northeastern Italy) : [Italian Padova];
Oxford (city, south central England) : Medieval Roman Patavium
Latin Oxonia Padus see Po
Oxford see Woodstock Paestum see Pesto
Oxonia see Oxford Pag (town, western Croatia) : to 1918 Italian
Oxus see Amu Darya Pago (The town is on the island of the same
Oyrot see Altay name.)
Oyrot-Tura see Gorno-Altaysk Pagalu see Annobón
Oysangur see Oyskhara Pagcgiai (town, southwestern Lithuania) : to
Oyskhara (town, southwestern Russia) : 1944– 1945 German Pogegen (The Lithuanian and
1989 Novogroznensky; to 1944 Oysangur German names were equally valid over the pe-
Oyster Island see Ellis Island riod 1923–1939.)
Oyster River see 2Durham Pago see Pag
 153 Panj

Pago Pago (town, southern American Samoa) : Palmeira see Palmeira das Missões
formerly Pango-Pango Palmeira das Missões (city, southern Brazil) : to
Pahlavi Dezh see Aq Qaleh 1944 Palmeira
Paide (town, central Estonia) : to 1918 German Palmeirais (town, northeastern Brazil) : to 1944
Weissenstein Portuguese Belém
Painesville (town, Ohio, north central United Palmeiras see (1) Palmeiras de Goiás; (2) Santa
States) : to 1816 Champion Cruz das Palmeiras
Painscastle (village, eastern Wales) : Welsh Palmeiras de Goiás (town, central Brazil) :
Castell-paen 1944–1948 Mataúna; to 1944 Palmeiras
Paisley (village, Ontario, southeastern Canada) : Palmer Land see Antarctic Peninsula
to 1856 Mud River Palmer Peninsula see Antarctic Peninsula
País Vasco see 1Basque Country Palmerston see (1) Darwin; (2) Palmerston
Paituk see Vose North
Pakhtaabad see Paxtaobod Palmerston North (city, north central New
Paklay see Xaignabouli Zealand) : to 1873 Palmerston (The addition to
Paknam see Samut Prakan the name obviated confusion with the existing
Palaestina see Palestine town of Palmerston to the south. A change of
Palánka see BaVka Palanka name to Manawatu was proposed but this also
Palantia see Palencia existed as a river and district name.)
Palárikovo (town, southern Slovakia) : 1945– Palmnicken see Yantarny
1948 Slovenskï Meder; to 1918, 1938–1945 Palm Springs (city, California, southwestern
Hungarian Tótmeg yer United States) : to c.1890 Agua Caliente
Palashi (village, eastern India) : English Plassey Palmyra see (1) Santos Dumont; (2) Tadmur
(The English name became familiar from the Palomar, Mt. (California, southwestern United
decisive victory of British forces over the States) : to 1901 Smith Mountain
nawab of Bengal here in 1757, so preparing the Pamirsky Post see Murgap
way for British dominion over eastern India.) Pampeluna see Pamplona
Palawan (island, southwestern Philippines) : for- Pamplona (city, northern Spain) : Basque Iruña;
merly Paragua formerly Pampeluna; Roman Pompaelo
Paldiski (city, northwestern Estonia) : formerly Pamukkale (village, southwestern Turkey) : an-
English Baltic Port; 1917–1939 German cient Greek Hierapolis
Baltisch-Port; 1783–1917 Russian Baltiysky port; Pamyati 13 Bortsov (village, southern Russia) :
1723–1783 Rogervik formerly Znamensky
Palencia (city, north central Spain) : Roman Panagyurishte (town, west central Bulgaria) : to
Palantia 1878 Turkish Ottlukköy
Palermo (city, southern Italy) : Roman Panormus Panaji (city, western India) : to 1961 Portuguese
Palestina see Jordânia Nova Goa (The former name, “New Goa,” de-
Palestine (territory, southwestern Asia) : [Arabic scribes the city’s status as capital of Portuguese
Fila•tnn]; Roman Palaestina; biblical Canaan; India after the decline of Old Goa.)
alternate biblical Zion (The present name was PanVevo (city, north central Serbia) : to 1918
introduced by the Roman emperor Hadrian in Hungarian Pancsova
the 2d century A.D. as Syria Palaestina, from Pancsova see PanVevo
Philistia, a small area on the Mediterranean Pandaklii see Tenevo
coast north of Gaza occupied by the Philistines Pando (department, northwestern Bolivia) : to
in the 12th century B.C. The Jewish name of 1938 Spanish Colonias
Palestine is Eretz Yisra’el, “land of Israel.” See Pándorf see Parndorf
also Jerusalem.) Paneas see Banias
Palestrina (town, central Italy) : Roman Praen- Panevezhis see Panevc±ys
este Panevc±ys (city, north central Lithuania) : (Rus-
Palestro see Lakhdaria sian Panevezhis); to 1918 Russian Ponevezh
Palikao see Tighenif Panfilov see Zharkent
Palissy see Sidi Khaled Pango-Pango see Pago Pago
Palma see (1) Coreaú; (2) Paranã Panj (town, southwestern Tajikistan) : (Russian
Palm Beach (town, Florida, southeastern United Pyandzh); 1936–1963 Russian Kirovabad; 1931–
States) : to 1887 Palm City 1936 Russian Baumanabad; to 1931 Saray-
Palm City see Palm Beach Komar
Pannonhalma 154

Pannonhalma (village, northwestern Hungary) : Parkersburg (city, West Virginia, east central
to 1965 Gyârszentmárton United States) : originally Neal’s Station
Panopolis see Akhmnm Park Ridge (city, Illinois, north central United
Panormus see Palermo States) : to 1873 Brickton; originally Pennyville
Panticapaeum see Kerch Parma (city, Ohio, east central United States) :
Papari see Nísia Floresta to 1826 Greenbriar (The city is now a suburb
Papcastle (village, northwestern England) : of Cleveland.)
Roman Derventio (The Roman name derived Parmentier see Sidi Ali Boussidi
from the Derwent River here.) Parnamirim (town, northeastern Brazil) : to
Papua (province, eastern Indonesia) : formerly 1944 Portuguese Leopoldina
Irian Jaya; 1963–1969 Irian Barat; to 1963 Parnarama (city, northeastern Brazil) : 1944–
Dutch New Guinea (Papua occupies the west- 1948 Portuguese Matões; to 1944 Portuguese
ern part of the island of New Guinea. The São José dos Matões
eastern part is occupied by the independent Parnassus see Liakoura
state of Papua New Guinea. In 2003 the west- Parndorf (village, eastern Austria) : to 1918 Hun-
ern part of Papua was demarcated as the prov- garian Pándorf
ince of West Papua.) Pärnu (city, southwestern Estonia) : (Russian
Papua Barat see West Papua Pyarnu); to 1918 Russian Pernov
Pará see Belém Parral see Hidalgo del Parral
Paradise Island (north central Bahamas) : for- Parramatta (city, New South Wales, southeast-
merly Hog Island ern Australia) : to 1791 Rose Hill (The city is
Paraetonium see Marsa Matruh now a suburb of Sydney.)
Paragua see Palawan Parreiras see Caldas
Paraguaçu see Paraguaçu Paulista Pars see FIrs
Paraguaçu Paulista (city, southeastern Brazil) : Parsonstown see Birr
1944–1948 Araguaçu; to 1944 Paraguaçu Partenit see Frunzens’ke
Paraíba see João Pessoa Partizansk (city, eastern Russia) : 1932–1972
Paraibuna see Juiz de Fora Suchan; to 1932 Suchansky Rudnik
Paraná (city, northeastern Argentina) : originally Partizánske (town, western Slovakia) : 1948–
Bajada de Santa Fe 1949 Bat’ovany; to 1948 ¶imonovany
Paranã (town, southern Brazil) : to 1944 Portu- Partizanskoye (village, southern Russia) : to
guese Palma 1930s Perovo
Paranaíba (city, western Brazil) : to 1939 Portu- Paryz’ka Komuna see Pereval’s’k
guese Santana do Paranaíba Pasadena (city, California, southwestern United
Parati see Araquari States) : to 1875 Indiana Colony
Paratinga (city, eastern Brazil) : to 1944 Portu- Pasarofça see Po±arevac
guese Rio Branco Pas de Calais see Dover, Strait of
Paravadq see Provadiya Pasha Makhala see Krumovo
Parchwitz see Prochowice Pashiya (town, western Russia) : to 1929
Parco see Sinclair Arkhangelo-Pashiysky Zavod
Pardubice (town, north central Czech Republic) Pashmakli see Smolyan
: to 1918, 1939–1945 German Pardubitz Pa§iWevo see Zmajevo
Pardubitz see Pardubice Pasùdk (town, northeastern Poland) : to 1945
Paredón see Anzaldo German Preussisch-Holland
Parion see Kemer Paso de la Fabrica see Minatitlán
1
Paris (city, northern France) : Roman Parisii; Passaic (city, New Jersey, northeastern United
earlier Roman Lutetia States) : to 1854 Acquackanonk
2
Paris (town, Kentucky, east central United Passarowitz see Po±arevac
States) : to 1790 Bourbontown; originally Hope- Passau (city, southeastern Germany) : Roman
well Castra Batava; Celtic Bojodurum
Parisii see 1Paris Passenheim see Pasym
Parium see Kemer Passo di Resia (village, northern Italy) : to 1918
Parizhskaya Kommuna see Pereval’s’k German Reschen-Scheideck (The name is prop-
Párkány see ¶túrovo erly that of an Alpine pass on the border with
Park City (village, Kentucky, east central United Austria.)
States) : to 1938 Glasgow Junction Pastor Montero see Girardot
 155 Penang

Pasym (town, northeastern Poland) : to 1945 Peabody (city, Massachusetts, northeastern

German Passenheim United States) : to 1868 South Danvers
Pataliputra see Patna PeW (city, western Kosovo) : 1941–1944 Albanian
Patavium see Padua Peja; to 1913 Turkish jpek
Patersonia see Launceston Peacehaven (town, southeastern England) : to
Patna (city, northeastern India) : to 1541 Patal- 1917 New Anzac-on-Sea
iputra Pecan Grove see Groves
Patos see Patos de Minas Pechenga (town, northwestern Russia) : 1920–
Patos de Minas (city, southeastern Brazil) : to 1944 Finnish Petsamo
1944 Patos Pechory (town, western Russia) : 1919–1940 Es-
Patrae see Patras tonian Petseri
Patras (city, central Greece) : ancient Greek and Pécs (city, southwestern Hungary) : to 1867 Ger-
Roman Patrae man Fünf kirchen
Patriarsheye see 2Donskoye Pedra Azul (town, southeastern Brazil) : to 1944
Patrimônio dos Inocentes see Piratininga Fortaleza
Patrocínio see Pio IX Pedras Brancas see Guaíba
Patschkau see Paczków Pedro Avelino (town, northeastern Brazil) : to
Patton Township see Monroeville 1948 Epitácio Pessoa
Pau d’Alho see Ibirarema Peiping see Beijing
Pau Gigante see Ibiraçu Peipus, Lake (eastern Estonia/northwestern Rus-
Paulis see Isiro sia) : Russian Chudskoye (The Russian name is
Paulista see Paulistana adjectival and in that language followed by
Paulistana (city, northeastern Brazil) : to 1944 ozero, “lake.”)
Paulista Peiskretscham see Pyskowice
Paulo Affonso see Mata Grande Peja see PeW
Paulus Hook see Jersey City Pejepscot see Brunswick
Pavia (town, northern Italy) : Roman Ticinum Pekin see Dearborn
Pavlodar (city, northeastern Kazakhstan) : to Peking see Beijing
1861 Russian Koryakovsky Forpost (Unlike many Peklevskaya see Troitsky
towns in Kazakhstan, Pavlodar has retained its Peùczyce (town, western Poland) : to 1945 Ger-
Russian name.) man Bernstein
Pavlograd see Pavlohrad Pelh†imov (town, south central Czech Republic)
Pavlohrad (city, southeastern Ukraine) : (Rus- : to 1918, 1939–1945 German Pilgrams
sian Pavlograd) Pelican Waterholes see Winton
Pavlovsk (town, northwestern Russia) : 1918– Pelly Bay see Kugaaruk
1944 Slutsk; to 1796 Pavlovskoye Peloponnese (peninsula, southern Greece) : me-
Pavlovskoye see Pavlovsk dieval Morea
Pawellau see Pawlów Pelotas (city, southern Brazil) : to 1830 São Fran-
Pawlów (village, eastern Poland) : 1793–1919, cisco de Paula
1939–1945 German Pawellau Pelovo (town, northern Bulgaria) : to 1950
Payne see Kangirsuk Makhlata
Payo Obispo see Chetumal Pelsâc see Ple§ivec
Pays Basque see 2Basque Country Pelusium see Tell el-Farama
Payshanba (town, east central Uzbekistan) : to Pemba (town, northeastern Mozambique) : to
1960 Kara-Darya 1976 Portuguese Porto Amélia
Pax Augusta see Badajoz Pembroke (town, southwestern Wales) : Welsh
Pax Julia see Beja Penfro
Paxtaobod (town, central Uzbekistan) : (Russian Pembroke Dock (town, southwestern Wales) :
Pakhtaabad); to 1975 Kokankishlak Welsh Doc Penfro
Pazardzhik (town, west central Bulgaria) : 1878– Penacook Plantation see 3Concord
1934 Tatar-Pazardzhik; to 1878 Turkish Penally (village, southwestern Wales) : Welsh
Tatarpazarcik Penalun
Pazin (town, western Croatia) : 1919–1945 Italian Penalun see Penally
Pisino; to 1918 German Mitterburg (The Italian Penang (island, western Malaysia) : formerly
name was also in official use under Austrian Prince of Wales Island
rule.) Penang see George Town
Pen-ar-Bed 156

Pen-ar-Bed see Finistère Pereyaslavl’, Lake see Pleshcheyevo, Lake

Penarlâg see Hawarden Pereyaslavl’-Ryazansky see Ryazan’
Pendine (village, southwestern Wales) : Welsh Pergamon see Bergama
Pentywyn Pergamum see Bergama
Penetangore see Kincardine Périgotville see Aïn el Kebira
Penfro see Pembroke Périgueux (city, southwestern France) : Roman
Pengelli see Grovesend Vesuna
Penley (village, northeastern Wales) : Welsh Peri Mirim (town, northeastern Brazil) : to 1944
Llannerch Banna Macapá
Penmaen Dewi see St. David’s Head Perlepe see Prilep
Pennocrucium see Water Eaton Perm’ (city, central Russia) : 1940–1957 Molo-
Pennyville see Park Ridge tov
Penrith (city, New South Wales, southeastern Përmeti (town, southern Albania) : 1919–1921
Australia) : formerly Castlereagh; originally modern Greek Premetì
Evan (The city is now an outer suburb of Syd- Pernambuco see Recife
ney.) Pernik (city, west central Bulgaria) : 1949–1963
Pensky Sakharny Zavod see Karla Dimitrovo
Libknekhta, imeni Pernov see Pärnu
Penthièvre see Aïn Berda Perovo see Partizanskoye
Pentre-poeth see Morganstown Perovsk see Kyzylorda
Pentywyn see Pendine Perrégaux see Mohammadia
Pen-y-Bont ar Ogwr see Bridgend Perry’s Corners see Whitby
Penzig see Pieüsk Perserin see Prizren
Peoria (city, Illinois, north central United States) Pershotravensk see 1,2Pershotravens’k
1
: 1814–1825 Fort Clark Pershotravens’k (city, eastern Ukraine) : (Rus-
Peparethos see Skópelos sian Pershotravensk); 1960–1966 Pershotravneve
Pepperellboro see Saco (Russian Pershotravnevoye), to 1960 Shakh-
Pequoiag see Athol tars’ke (Russian Shakhtyorskoye) (The Russian
Pequot see New London name does not translate the Ukrainian as Ok-
Peravia (province, southern Dominican Repub- tyabr’sk but merely transliterates it.)
2
lic) : to 1961 Spanish Trujillo Valdéz Pershotravens’k (town, west central Ukraine) :
Perdido, Monte (northeastern Spain) : French (Russian Pershotravensk); to 1934 Tokarivka
Mont Perdu (The peak is on the border with (Russian Tokaryovka)
France.) Pershotravnene (town, eastern Ukraine) : (Rus-
Perdigão (town, southeastern Brazil) : to 1944 sian Pershotravnevoye); to 1946 Manhush (Rus-
Portuguese Saúde sian Mangush)
Perdizes see Videira Pershotravneve see (1) Mokvyn; (2) 1Pershotra-
Perdu, Mont see Perdido, Monte vens’k
Peredniye Traki see Krasnoarmeyskoye Pershotravnevoye see (1) Mokvyn; (2) 1Persho-
Peremyshl’ see Przemy¢l travens’k; (3) Pershotravneve
Peremyshlyany (town, western Ukraine) : to Persia see Iran
1939 Polish Przemysùany Persian Gulf (southwestern Asia) : alternate Ara-
Pereval’sk see Pereval’s’k bian Gulf or The Gulf; Roman Sinus Persicus
Pereval’s’k (city, eastern Ukraine) : (Russian (The arm of the Arabian Sea, between Iran
Pereval’sk); 1926–1964 Paryz’ka Komuna (Rus- and Arabia, is named simply The Gulf by
sian Parizhskaya Kommuna); to 1926 Selez- many Western writers to avoid offending Iraqis
nivs’kyy Rudnyk (Russian Seleznevsky Rudnik) and some other Arabs.)
(The city is now part of Alchevs’k.) Persis see Fars
Perevoz (town, western Russia) : to 1962 P’yan- Perth Amboy (city, New Jersey, northeastern
sky Perevoz United States) : originally Amboy
Pereyaslav see Pereyaslav-Khmel’nyts’kyy Peru (town, Indiana, north central United
Pereyaslav-Khmel’nitsky see Peryaslav- States) : to 1834 Miamisport
Khmel’nyts’kyy Perugia (city, central Italy) : Roman Perusia
Pereyaslav-Khmel’nyts’kyy (city, central Perusia see Perugia
Ukraine) : (Russian Pereyaslav-Khmel’nitsky); Pervomay (village, northern Kyrgyzstan) : for-
to 1953 Pereyaslav merly Russian Pervomaysky
 157 Petrovs’ke

Pervomaysk (town, western Russia) : to 1941 1

Peterborough (city, Ontario, southeastern
Tashino Canada) : to 1825 Scott’s Plains
Pervomaysk see 1,2Pervomays’k 2
Peterborough (town, South Australia, southern
1
Pervomays’k (town, eastern Ukraine) : (Russian Australia) : to 1917 Petersburg
Pervomaysk); to 1920 Petromar’yivka (Russian Petergof see Petrodvorets
Petromar’yevka) Peterhof see Petrodvorets
2
Pervomays’k (town, south central Ukraine) : Petersburg see 2Peterborough
(Russian Pervomaysk); to 1920 Ol’viopil’ (Rus- Petersdorf see Piechowice
sian Ol’viopol’) (The town arose on the merger Peterstone Wentlooge (village, southeastern
of Ol’viopil’ with two other villages.) Wales) : Welsh Llanbedr Gwynllŵg
Pervomays’ke (town, southern Ukraine, near Peterston-super-Ely (village, southern Wales) :
Dzhankoy) : (Russian Pervomayskoye); to 1944 Welsh Llanbedr-y-fro
Dzurchi Pétervárad see Petrovaradin
1
Pervomayskoye (village, southwestern Russia, Peterwardein see Petrovaradin
near Yershov) : to 1941 Gnadenflyur (The vil- Petitjean see Sidi Kacem
lage lies in the former Volga German Au- Petit-Sault see Edmundston
tonomous Soviet Socialist Republic and its Petra Stuchki, imeni see Aizkraukle
earlier name is a Russian transliteration of Petre see Wanganui
German Gnadenflur.) Petrikau see Piotrków Trybunalski
2
Pervomayskoye (village, southern Russia, near Petroaleksandrovsk see To’rtko’l
Tomsk) : formerly Pyshkino-Troitskoye Petrodvorets (town, western Russia) : to 1944
3
Pervomayskoye (village, southern Russia, near Petergof; former alternate German Peterhof
Barnaul) : formerly Srednekrayushkino (The town is administratively part of St. Pe-
4
Pervomayskoye (village, western Russia, near tersburg.)
Kanash) : to 1939 Bol’shiye Arabuzy Petrograd see St. Petersburg
Pervomayskoye see Pervomays’ke Petrokov see Piotrków Trybunalski
1
Pervomaysky (town, western Russia, near Petrokrepost’ see Shlissel’burg
Michurinsk) : formerly Bogoyavlenskoye Petrolândia (city, northeastern Brazil) : 1939–
2
Pervomaysky (village, western Russia) : to 1943 1943 Itaparica; to 1939 Jatobá
Kukshik (The village is now part of the city of Petromar’yevka see 1Pervomays’k
Sterlitamak.) Petromar’yivka see 1Pervomays’k
3
Pervomaysky (town, western Russia) : to Petropavlovsk see Petropavlovsk-Kamchat-
1938 Spas (The town is a suburb of Slobod- sky
skoy.) Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky (city, eastern Rus-
Pervomaysky see (1) Novodvinsk; (2) Pervo- sia) : to 1924 Petropavlovsk
may; (3) Pervomays’kyy Petropavlovsky see Severoural’sk
Pervomays’kyy (town, east central Ukraine) : Petro£ani (city, west central Romania) : to 1918
(Russian Pervomaysky); formerly Lykhachive Hungarian Petrozsény
(Russian Likhachyovo) Petroskoi see Petrozavodsk
Pervoural’sk (city, western Russia) : 1928–1933 Petrovaradin (town, northern Serbia) : to 1918,
Pervoural’sky; 1920–1928 Shaytansky Zavod; to 1941–1944 Hungarian Pétervárad; to 1867 Ger-
1920 Vasil’yevsko-Shaytansky man Peterwardein (The town is now a suburb
Pesaro (city, central Italy) : Roman Pisaurum of Novi Sad.)
Pesayak Towne see Newark Petrove-Krasnosillya see Petrovs’ke
Pescado see Villa Serrano Petroverovka see 2Zhovten’
Pescara (city, eastern Italy) : Roman Aternum Petrovgrad see Zrenjanin
Peschanoye see Yashkul’ Petrovice u Karviné (town, eastern Czech Re-
Pesochnya see Kirov public) : 1939–1945 German Petrowitz; 1918–
Pessinus see Balqhisar 1919, 1938–1939 Polish Piotrowice; to 1918
Pesterzsébet (town, north central Hungary) : German Petrowitz bei Arnoldsdorf
1919–1924 Lenínváros; to 1919 Erzsébetfalva Petrovo-Krasnosel’ye see Petrovs’ke
(The town is now a suburb of Budapest.) Petrovskaya Sloboda see Losino-Petrovsky
Pesto (village, southern Italy) : Roman Paestum; Petrovs’ke (town, eastern Ukraine) : (Russian
ancient Greek Poseidonia Petrovskoye); 1920–1963 Petrove-Krasnosillya
Pestovo see Zavolzh’ye (Russian Petrovo-Krasnosel’ye); to 1920
Petelia see Strongoli Shterivs’ke (Russian Shterovskoye)
Petrovskoye 158

Petrovskoye see (1) Makhachkala; 1

Picton (town, Ontario, southeastern Canada) :
(2) Petrovs’ke; (3) Svetlograd originally Hallowell
Petrovsk-Port see Makhachkala 2
Picton (town, central New Zealand) : to 1859
Petrovsky Zavod see Petrovsk-Zabaykalsky Newton
Petrovsk-Zabaykalsky (town, southern Russia) : Pidhaytsi (town, western Ukraine) : (Russian
to 1926 Petrovsky Zavod Podgaytsy); to 1939 Polish Podhajce
Petrovyrivka see 2Zhovten’ Pidvolochys’k (town, western Ukraine) : (Rus-
Petrowitz bei Arnoldsdorf see Petrovice u sian Podvolochisk); to 1929 Polish Podwoùoczyska
Karviné Piechowice (town, southwestern Poland) : to
Petrozavodsk (city, northwestern Russia) : for- 1945 German Petersdorf
merly local Petroskoi (The local name came Piedmont (region, northwestern Italy) : [Italian
from Petrovskoilinna, from Russian Petrovsky, Piemonte]
“of Peter,” and Karelian linna, “town.”) Piedras Negras (city, northeastern Mexico) :
Petrozsény see Petro£ani 1888–1911 Ciudad Porfirio Díaz
PetrØalka (town, southwestern Slovakia) : 1938– Piemonte see Piedmont
1945 German Engerau; to 1918 Hungarian Pieüsk (village, western Poland) : to 1945 Ger-
Pozsonyligetfalu; to 1867 German Engerau man Penzig
(The town is now a district of Bratislava.) Pierre (town, South Dakota, north central
Petsamo see Pechenga United States) : originally Mahto (The original
Petseri see Pechory name was current from June to December
Pettau see Ptuj 1880.)
Petuaria see 3Brough Pierre E. Trudeau, Mt. see Logan, Mt.
Petukhovo (town, southern Russia) : to 1944 Pie§t’any (city, western Slovakia) : to 1918 Hun-
Yudino garian Pöstyén; to 1867 German Pistyan
Petushki (town, western Russia) : to 1965 Novyye Pietarsaari (town, western Finland) : formerly
Petushki Swedish Jakobstad (The town was at one time
Pevensey (village, southeastern England) : mainly Swedish-speaking.)
Roman Anderitum Pietas Julia see Pula
Pezinok (town, western Slovakia) : to 1918 Hun- Pietersburg see Polokwane
garian Bazin; to 1867 German Bösing Pignataro Interamna (village, central Italy) :
Pharnacia see Giresun Roman Interamna Lirenas
Pharos see Hvar Pig’s Eye Landing see St. Paul
Phasis see (1) Poti; (2) Rioni Pik 20 let VLKSM see Pobeda Peak
Phazania see Fezzan Pike Creek see Kenosha
Phenix City (city, Alabama, southeastern United Piùa (city, west central Poland) : 1772–1945 Ger-
States) : to 1889 Brownville man Schneidemühl
Philadelphia see (1) Ala£ehir; (2) Amman 1
Pilar (city, northeastern Brazil) : 1944–1948
Philippeville see Skikda Manguaba
Philippopolis see Plovdiv 2
Pilar (town, southwestern Paraguay) : originally
Philipstown see Daingean Ñeembucú
Phillips Landing see Van Buren Pilar see Pilar do Sul
Philomelion see Ak£ehir Pilar do Sul (city, southeastern Brazil) : to 1944
Phintias see Licata Pilar
Phocaea see Foça Pilawa (town, southwestern Poland) : to 1945
Phuthaditjhaba (town, east central South German Bielau
Africa) : originally Witsieshoek Pilenkovo see Gant’iadi
Piacenza (city, northern Italy) : Roman Placen- Pile O’Bones see Regina
tia Pilevne see Pleven
Piatã (town, eastern Brazil) : to 1944 Anchieta Pilgrams see Pelh†imov
Pibrans see P†íbram Pillau see Baltiysk
Picardie see Picardy Pillkallen see Dobrovol’sk
Picardy (region, northern France) : [French Pillupönen see Nevskoye
Picardie] Pilsen see (1) Pilzno; (2) Plzeû
Pico (Spanish, “peak”) : for names beginning Pilten see Piltene
thus, see the next word, as Duarte, Pico Piltene (town, northwestern Latvia) : to 1917
Picos see Colinas German Pilten
 159 Plata, Río de la

Pilzno (town, southeastern Poland) : 1939–1945 Pirogovsky (town, western Russia) : to 1928 Pro-
German Pilsen letarskaya Pobeda
Pinang see George Town Pirot (city, southeastern Serbia) : to 1878 Turkish
Pinar del Río (city, western Cuba) : formerly ßarköy
Nueva Filipina Pisa (city, northwestern Italy) : Roman Pisae
Pinciacum see Poissy Pisae see Pisa
Pine Bluff (city, Arkansas, south central United Pisaurum see Pesaro
States) : to 1832 Mount Marie Piscataqua see 2Portsmouth
Pines, Isle of see Juventud, Isla de la Piscataqua Plantation see Kittery
Pine Tree Hill see 3Camden Pisek see Písek
Pinkiang see Harbin Písek (city, southwestern Czech Republic) : to
Pinola see Las Rosas 1918, 1939–1945 German Pisek
Pinsk (city, southern Belarus) : 1919–1939 Polish Pishpek see Bishkek
Piüsk Pisino see Pazin
Piüsk see Pinsk Pisiquid see 2Windsor
Pinta, Isla (island, northern Galápagos Islands, Pistoia (city, north central Italy) : Roman Pisto-
Ecuador) : formerly Abingdon Island ria
Pioner (town, southern Russia) : to 1936 Pistoria see Pistoia
Ishanovo (The town is now incorporated Pistyan see Pie§t’any
into the city of Kemerovo.) Pisz (town, northeastern Poland) : to 1945 Ger-
Pionersky (town, western Russia) : to 1945 Ger- man Johannisburg
man Neukuhren Pithecusae see Ischia
Pio IX (town, eastern Brazil) : to 1944 Patrocínio Pithion (village, northeastern Greece) : 1915–
Piotrków Trybunalski (city, central Poland) : 1919 Bulgarian Kuleli-Burgas; to 1915 Turkish
1940–1945 German Petrikau; to 1915 Russian Küleliburgaz
Petrokov Pitschen see Byczyna
Piotrowice see Petrovice u Karviné Pitt, Mt. see McLoughlin, Mt.
Piperno see Priverno Pittsburgh (city, Pennsylvania, northeastern
Piqua (city, Ohio, north central United States) : United States) : 1758–1764 Fort Pitt; to 1758
to 1816 Washington Fort Duquesne
Piracanjuba (town, central Brazil) : to 1944 Por- Pittsfield (city, Massachusetts, northeastern
tuguese Pouso Alto United States) : to 1761 Pontoosuc Plantation
Piracicaba (city, southeastern Brazil) : formerly Pivka (village, southwestern Slovenia) : to 1945
Vila Nova da Constituição; originally Santo An- Italian San Pietro del Carso; to 1918 German St.
tônio de Piracicaba Peter am Karst
Piraí see Piraí do Sul Placentia see Piacenza
Piraí do Sul (town, southern Brazil) : 1944–1948 Placerville (town, California, western United
Piraí Mirim; to 1944 Piraí States) : formerly Hangtown; originally Dry
Piraí Mirim see Piraí do Sul Diggings
Pirajaí see Cabrália Paulista Plage des Contrebandiers see Sidi el Abed
Piran (town, southwestern Slovenia) : 1918–1947 PlQine£ti see Generalissimul Suvorov
Italian Pirano Plan see Planá
Piranhas (town, northeastern Brazil) : Planá (town, western Czech Republic) : to 1918,
1939–1948 Portuguese Marechal Floriano 1938–1945 German Plan
Pirano see Piran Plano (city, Texas, southern United States) : to
Pirapora see Pirapora do Bom Jesus 1851 Fillmore
Piraporo do Bom Jesus (town, southeastern Plaridel (town, northern Philippines) : to 1936
Brazil) : to 1944 Pirapora Quingua
Piraquara (city, southern Brazil) : to c.1935 Por- Plasencia (city, western Spain) : to 12th century
tuguese Deodoro Ambroz
Piratininga (town, southeastern Brazil) : for- Plassey see Palashi
merly Patrimônio dos Inocentes Plata, Río de la (estuary, southeastern South
Pirchevan see Zängilan America) : conventional English River Plate
Piriápolis (town, southern Uruguay) : formerly (The English name of the estuary of the
Spanish Puerto del Inglés Paraná and Uruguay rivers is associated in mil-
Pirineos see Pyrenees itary history with the battle of 1939 between a
Plate, River 160

British cruiser squadron and the German Plzeû (city, western Czech Republic) : to 1918,
pocket battleship Graf Spee, as reenacted 1939–1945 German Pilsen
in the 1956 movie The Battle of the River Po (river, northern Italy) : Roman Padus; alter-
Plate.) nate Roman Eridanus (The Eridanus was orig-
Plate, River see Plata, Río de la inally a purely mythical river but was
Plathe see Pùoty identified by later classical authors with the Po.
Pļaviņas (town, south central Latvia) : to 1917 The mythical Eridanus had islands at its
German Stockmannshof mouth, but the Po has none.)
Plavsk (town, western Russia) : to c.1928 Poage’s Settlement see Ashland
Sergiyevskoye Pobeda Peak (eastern Kyrgyzstan) : to 1943 Rus-
Pleasant, Mt. see Eisenhower, Mt. sian Pik 20 let VLKSM (The mountain is on
Pleasantburg see 2Greenville the border with China, where it is known as
Pleasant Island see Nauru Jengish Chokusu. Its earlier Russian name was
Pleschen see Pleszew given in 1938 to mark the 20th anniversary of
Pleshcheyevo, Lake (western Russia) : formerly the Komsomol.)
Lake Pereyaslavl’ Pobedinsky see Zarechny
Ple§ivec (village, southern Slovakia) : to 1918, Pocasset see 3Portsmouth
1938–1945 Hungarian Pelsâc Podberez’ye see Pabradc
Pless see Pszczyna Podbo†any (town, western Czech Republic) : to
Pleszew (town, west central Poland) : 1793–1807, 1918, 1938–1945 German Podersam
1815–1919, 1939–1945 German Pleschen Podbrodzie see Pabradc
Pleven (city, northern Bulgaria) : alternate Podchinny (town, southwestern Russia) : to 1941
Plevna; to 1878 Turkish Pilevne (The alternate Kratske
name is associated with the Russian victory Podfibrady (town, north central Czech Republic)
over the Turks in 1877 during the Russo- : to 1918, 1939–1945 German Podiebrad
Turkish War.) Podersam see Podbo†any
Plevna see Pleven Podgaytsy see Pidhaytsi
Plezzo see Bovec Podgorica (city, south central Montenegro) :
Pljevlja (town, northern Montenegro) : to 1913 1946–1992 Titograd
Turkish Ta£lika Podhajce see Pidhaytsi
PloVe (town, southern Croatia) : 1949–1991 Podiebrad see Podfibrady
Kardeljevo Podillya see Podolia
Pùock (city, east central Poland) : 1939–1945 Podium see Le Puy
German Schröttersburg Podlein see Podolínec
Plöhnen see Ploüsk Podlesnoye (village, southwestern Russia) : to
Plokhino see 1Ul’yanovo 1941 Untervalden (The earlier name of the vil-
Ploüsk (town, east central Poland) : 1940–1945 lage, in the former Volga German Autono-
German Plöhnen mous Soviet Socialist Republic, is a Russian
Ploskiriv see 1Khmel’nyts’kyy form of German Unterwalden.)
Ploskirov see 1Khmel’nyts’kyy Podlipki see Korolyov
Ploskoye see Stanovoye Podmokly (town, northern Czech Republic) : to
Ploskyriv see 1Khmel’nyts’kyy 1918, 1939–1945 German Bodenbach (In 1950
Pùoty (town, northwestern Poland) : to 1945 the town was incorporated into the city of
German Plathe DfiVín.)
Plovdiv (city, southern Bulgaria) : to 1878 Turk- Podolia (region, western Ukraine) : (Russian
ish Filibe; Roman Trimontium; ancient Greek Podol’ye) [Ukrainian Podillya]
Philippopolis (The original Greek settlement Podolin see Podolínec
had a mixed population of dubious repute, Podolínec (town, northern Slovakia) : to 1918
earning it the nickname Poneropolis, “Crook- Hungarian Podolin; to 1867 German Podlein
ville,” from poneros, “wicked.”) Podol’ye see Podolia
Plymouth (village, Vermont, northeastern Podvolochisk see Pidvolochys’k
United States) : to 1797 Saltash Podwoùoczyska see Pidvolochys’k
Plymouth see Monett Poetovio see Ptuj
Plymouth Dock see Devonport Pofadder (town, western South Africa) : 1917–
Plynlimon (mountain, western Wales) : Welsh 1936 Theronsville
Pumlumon Pogegen see Pagcgiai
 161 Pompei

Pogranichny (town, southeastern Russia) : to Poliny Osipenko, imeni (village, eastern Russia)
1958 Grodekovo : to 1939 Kerbi (The aviatrix Polina Osipenko
Pohnpei (island, eastern Micronesia) : formerly also gave the former name of Berdyans’k.)
Ascension Island Polis’ke (town, northern Ukraine) : (Russian Po-
Poictiers see Poitiers lesskoye); 1940–1958 Russian Kaganovichi Per-
Point de Galle see Galle vyye; 1935–1940 Kaganovich; to 1935 Khabne
Pointe-aux-Trembles see Neuville (Russian Khabnoye)
Point Edward (village, Ontario, southeastern Politschka see PolitVka
Canada) : to 1860 Huron Pölitz see Police
Poissy (town, northern France) : Roman Pinci- Polkowice (town, northern Poland) : 1938–1945
acum German Heerwegen; to 1938 German Polkwitz
Poitiers (city, south central France) : formerly Polkwitz see Polkowice
Poictiers; Roman Limonum (The earlier Pollentia see Pollenza
spelling was long associated with the 1356 En- Pollenza (town, central Italy) : Roman Pollentia
glish victory over the French during the Hun- Pollnow see Polanów
dred Years’ War.) Pologi see Polohy
Pokrovka see (1) Engel’s; (2) Leninskoe Polohy (town, southeastern Ukraine) : (Russian
Pokrovka Druha see Pryazovs’ke Pologi); 1928–1937 Chubarivka (Russian
Pokrovka Vtoraya see Pryazovs’ke Chubarovka)
Pokrovsk see Engels Polokwane (town, northeastern South Africa) :
Pokrovs’ke (town, south central Ukraine) : (Rus- to 2003 Pietersburg
sian Pokrovskoye); formerly imeny Karla Polovinka see (1) Ugleural’sky; (2) Umal’tin-
Libknekhta (Russian imeni Karla Libknekhta); sky
to c.1926 Shmakivs’kyy Rudnyk (Russian Polska see Poland
Shmakovsky Rudnik) (The town is now a sub- Poltavka see Bashtanka
urb of Kryvyy Rih.) Poltavskaya (village, southwestern Russia) : for-
Pokrovs’ke see Pryazovs’ke merly Krasnoarmeyskaya
Pokrovskoye see (1) Pokrovs’ke; (2) Prya- Poltoratsk see A£gabat
zovs’ke; (3) Velikooktyabr’sky Põltsamaa (town, central Estonia) : to c.1920
Pola see Pula German Oberpahlen
Poland (republic, central Europe) : [Polish Polubnï (village, northern Czech Republic) : to
Polska] 1918, 1938–1945 German Polaun
Polanica Zdrój (town, southwestern Poland) : to Polyanovgrad see Karnobat
1945 German Bad Altheide Polyarny (town, northwestern Russia) : to 1930
Polanów (town, northwestern Poland) : to 1945 Aleksandrovsk
German Pollnow Pomabamba see Azurduy
Polatovo see Stamboliyski Pomachi see Komsomolabad
Polaun see Polubnï Pomba see Rio Pomba
Poùczyn Zdrój (town, northwestern Poland) : to Pomerania (region, northeastern
1945 German Bad Polzin Germany/northwestern Poland) : [German
Polessk (town, western Russia) : to 1945 German Pommern; Polish Pomorze]
Labiau Pomfret see Pontefract
Polesskoye see Polis’ke Pommern see Pomerania
Polevskoy (city, west central Russia) : to 1928 Pomona see Mainland
Polevskoy Zavod Pomoriye (town, eastern Bulgaria) : to 1934
Polevskoy Zavod see Polevskoy Ankhialo; Roman Anchialus
Policastro Bussentino (village, southern Italy) : Pomorze see Pomerania
formerly Policastro del Golfo; Roman Buxentum Pompaelo see Pamplona
Policastro del Golfo see Policastro Bussentino Pompano see Pompano Beach
Police (city district, northwestern Poland) : to Pompano Beach (city, Florida, southeastern
1945 German Pölitz (Police was incorporated United States) : to 1945 Pompano
into Szczecin in 1939.) Pompei (town, southern Italy) : to 1928 Valle de
PoliVka (town, east central Czech Republic) : to Pompei (The town is near the ancient city of
1918, 1939–1945 German Politschka Pompeii, destroyed by the eruption of Vesuvius
Policoro (town, southern Italy) : ancient Greek in A.D. 79. Italian does not differentiate be-
Heraclea tween the two names.)
Pompeii 162

Pompeii see Pompei Popovo (town, northeastern Bulgaria) : to 1878

Pompeiopolis (historic city, southern Turkey) : Turkish Popköy
formerly Soli Popovo see Iskra
Ponce (city, southern Puerto Rico) : originally Poprad (city, northern Slovakia) : to 1918 Hun-
Nuestra Señora de Guadalupe de Ponce garian Poprád; to 1867 German Deutschendorf
Pond Bay see Pond Inlet Poprád see Poprad
Ponde Town see Mansfield Pordenone (city, northeastern Italy) : Roman
Pond Inlet (village, Nunavut, northeastern Portus Naonis
Canada) : alternate Inuit Mittimatalik; to 1951 Porech’ye see Demidov
Pond Bay Pori (city, southwestern Finland) : formerly
Ponevezh see Panevc±ys Swedish Björneborg
Ponferrada (city, northwestern Spain) : Roman Poronaysk (town, eastern Russia) : 1905–1945
Interamnium Flavium Japanese Shikuka
Ponizovkino see Krasny Profintern Póros (island, southeastern Greece) : ancient
Pons Aelii see 1Newcastle Greek Calauria
Pons Isarae see Pontoise Porretta Terme (town, north central Italy) : to
Pons Vetus see Pontevedra c.1931 Bagni della Porretta
Pontafel see Pontebba Porsy see Boldumsaz
Pont-du-Chéliff see Sidi Bel Attar Porta do Sertão see Campina Grande
Pont-du-Fahs see El Fahs Portadown (town, south central Northern Ire-
Pontebba (town, northeastern Italy) : to 1918 land) : Irish Port an Dúnáin
German Pontafel Portalegre (town, eastern Portugal) : Roman
Pontefract (town, northern England) : formerly Amoea
Pomfret (The present name is actually nearer Port an Dúnáin see Portadown
its origin in Latin ponte fracto, “[at] the broken Port Angeles (town, Washington, northwestern
bridge.”) United States) : originally Puerto de Nuestra
Pontevedra (city, northwestern Spain) : Roman Señora de los Angeles
Pons Vetus Portarlington (town, east central Ireland) : Irish
Ponthierville see Ubundu Cúil an tSúdaire
Pontibus see Staines Port Arthur (town, Ontario, southern Canada) :
Pontivy (town, northwestern France) : 1805– to 1882 Prince Arthur’s Landing (In 1970 Port
1814, 1848–1871 Napoléonville (The former Arthur merged with Fort William and two
name was properly that of a new town built other towns to form Thunder Bay.)
here by Napoleon I as the military headquar- Port Arthur see Lüshun
ters for Brittany. The second use of the name Port Báros see Su§ak
honored Napoleon III.) Port Brabant see Tuktoyaktuk
Pontoise (town, northern France) : Roman Pons Port Burwell see Killiniq
Isarae; earlier Roman Briva Isarae Port Byron Junction see East Moline
Pontoosuc Plantation see Pittsfield Port-Cartier (town, Quebec, eastern Canada) :
Pontsenni see Sennybridge to 1962 Shelter Bay
Pontus Euxinus see Black Sea Portchester (town, southern England) : Roman
Pontypool (town, southeastern Wales) : Welsh Portus Ardaoni (The Roman name is often
Pont-y-pŵl spelled Portus Adurni, but the form given here
Pont-y-pŵl see Pontypool is thought to be more accurate.)
Poona see Pune Port Colborne (town, Ontario, southeastern
Popasna (city, eastern Ukraine) : (Russian Popas- Canada) : originally Gravelly Bay
naya); c.1935–1943 Russian imeni L.M. Kaga- Port Cooper see Lyttelton
novicha Port-de-France see Nouméa
Popasnaya see Popasna Port-des-Galets see Le Port
Popilian Way see Via Port Dinorwic see Y Felinheli
Popivka see 2Kirovs’k Port Durnford see Bur Gavo
Popköy see Popovo Port Einon see Port Eynon
Poplar Fields see Emmitsburg Port Elgin (town, Ontario, southeastern
Poplar Head see Dothan Canada) : formerly Normanton
Popovichskaya see Kalininskaya Portersville see Valparaiso
Popovka see 2Kirovs’k Port-Étienne see Nouadhibou
 163 Portsmouth

Port Eynon (village, southwestern Wales) : Pôrto Alegre see Luzilândia

Welsh Port Einon Porto Alexandre see Tombua
Port Fairy (town, Victoria, southeastern Aus- Porto Amélia see Pemba
tralia) : originally Belfast Porto Azzurro (town, central Italy) : to 1949
Port Florence see Kisumu Porto Longone
Port-Francqui see Ilebo Portobello see Portobelo
Port Gilbert see Racine Portobelo (town, northern Panama) : traditional
Porthaethway see Menai Bridge English Portobello; originally Puerto Bello (The
Port Hawkesbury (town, Nova Scotia, eastern town gained its English name from its repeated
Canada) : to 1860 Ship Harbour sacking by English pirates, notably in 1668 and
Port Harrison see Inukjuak 1739. Sir Francis Drake was buried in the har-
Port Hedland (town, Western Australia, north- bor here.)
western Australia) : Aboriginal Ngaru Pôrto de Guaipacaré see Lorena
Port Herald see Nsanje Pôrto dos Casais see Pôrto Alegre
Porthmadog (town, northwestern Wales) : for- Porto Edda see Sarandë
merly Portmadoc (The name derives from Porto Farina see Ghar al-Milh
William Akexander Madocks, owner of the Port of Ness (village, Western Isles, northwest-
land on which the town was built, but the ern Scotland) : Gaelic Port Nis
present spelling also reflects the tale that the Porto Grande see Mindelo
legendary prince Madog ab Owain Gwynedd Porto Longone see Porto Azzurro
set off from here to discover America in c.1170, Porto Maurizio see Imperia
some three centuries before Columbus. Port Omna see Portumna
Madocks also developed and gave his name to Porto Rè see Kraljevica
the nearby village of Tremadog.) Pôrto Real see Iguatama
Port Hope (town, Ontario, southeastern Can- Porto Rico see Puerto Rico
ada) : to 1817 Smith’s Creek Porto Torres (town, northwestern Sardinia,
Porthsgiwed see Portskewett Italy) : Roman Turris Libisonis
Porth Tywyn see Burry Port Port Perry (village, Ontario, southeastern
Port Hueneme (city, California, southwestern Canada) : to 1852 Scugog Village
United States) : to 1940 Hueneme Port Phillip District see 1Victoria
Port Jackson see Sydney Port Radium see Echo Bay
Port Kelang (city, western Malaysia) : formerly Port Razoir see 2Shelburne
Port Swettenham Port Rex see East London
Port Láirge see Waterford Port Rois see Portrush
Port la Joie see Charlottetown Port Roseway see 2Shelburne
Portland (city, Maine, northeastern United Port Rossignol see Liverpool
States) : to 1786 Falmouth (Successive names Port Royal see Annapolis Royal
prior to Falmouth were Machigonne, Indigreat, Portrush (town, northern Northern Ireland) :
Elbow, The Neck, and Casco.) Irish Port Rois
Port Laoise (town, east central Ireland) : to 1920 Port St. John’s (town, southeastern South
Maryborough Africa) : 1976–1993 Umzimvubu
Port Louis see 2Scarborough Port St.-Louis see Antsohimbondrona
Port-Lyautey see Kenitra Port Sarnia see Sarnia
Port Macquarie see Bluff Port Senior see Liverpool
Portmadoc see Porthmadog Portskewett (village, southeastern Wales) : Welsh
Port Mahon see Mahón Porthsgiwed
1
Port nan Long see Newtonferry Portsmouth (city, southern England) : Roman
Port Natal see Durban Magnus Portus (The Roman name, mean-
Port Nicholson see Wellington ing “great port,” properly applied to the har-
Port Nis see Port of Ness bor here, and the present city arose at its
Port-Nouveau-Québec see Kangiqsualujjuaq mouth.)
2
Porto see Oporto Portsmouth (city, New Hampshire, northeast-
Pôrto (town, northeastern Brazil) : 1930s–1944 ern United States) : to 1653 Strawbery Banke;
João Pessoa; to 1930s Marruás originally Piscataqua
3
Pôrto Alegre (city, southern Brazil) : originally Portsmouth (town, Rhode Island, northeastern
Pôrto dos Casais United States) : to 1640 Pocasset
Port Swettenham 164

Port Swettenham see Port Kelang Pova±ská Bystrica (city, western Slovakia) : to
Portugal (republic, southwestern Europe) : 1918 Hungarian Vágbeszterce; to 1867 German
Roman Lusitania Waag-Bistritz
Portugália see Chitato Po±arevac (town, east central Serbia) : to 1867
Portuguese East Africa see Mozambique German Passarowitz; to 1833 Turkish Pasarofça
Portuguese Guinea see Guinea-Bissau Po±ega (town, eastern Croatia) : formerly
Portuguese Timor see East Timor Slavonska Po±ega; to 1867 German Poscheg
Portuguese West Africa see Angola Pozharskoye (village, southeastern Russia) : to
Portumna (town, west central Ireland) : Irish 1939 Tikhonovka
Port Omna Poznaü (city, western Poland) : 1793–1807, 1815–
Portus Ardaoni see Portchester 1919, 1939–1945 German Posen
Portus Gaditanus see Puerto Real Pozsony see Bratislava
Portus Lemanis see Lympne Pozsonyligetfalu see PetrØalka
Portus Magnus see Almería Pozzuoli (city, southwestern Italy) : Roman and
Portus Magonis see Mahón biblical Puteoli; ancient Greek Dicaearchia
Portus Naonis see Pordenone (The name occurs in the Bible as that of the
Portus Veneris see Port-Vendres town where Paul spent seven days with Chris-
Port-Vendres (town, southern France) : Roman tians en route to Rome.)
Portus Veneris Prabuty (town, northeastern Poland) : to 1945
Port Victoria see Tarfaya German Riesenburg
Port-Vila (town, central Vanuatu) : alternate Prachatice (town, southwestern Czech Republic)
Vila : to 1918, 1938–1945 German Prachatitz
Port Weld see Kuala Sepetang Prachatitz see Prachatice
Porvoo (city, southern Finland) : formerly Praeneste see Palestrina
Swedish Borgå (Around 40% of the city’s pop- Praesidium Julium see 1Santarém
ulation are Swedish-speaking.) Prag see Prague
Posadas (city, northeastern Argentina) : 1869– Pragerhof see Pragersko
1879 Trinchera de San José; to 1869 Trinchera de Pragersko (town, northeastern Slovenia) : to
los Paraguayos 1918, 1941–1945 German Pragerhof
Poscheg see Po±ega Prague (city, north central Czech Republic) :
Poseidonia see Pesto [Czech Praha]; to 1918, 1939–1945 German
Posen see Poznaü Prag (English has adopted the French form of
Poshekhon’ye (town, western Russia) : 1918– the name.)
1992 Poshekhon’ye-Volodarsk (The second part Praha see Prague
of the former name is not that of a place but of Prainha see Miracatu
the revolutionary V. Volodarsky.) Prairie Rapids see Waterloo
Poshekhon’ye-Volodarsk see Poshekhon’ye Prairieville see Waukesha
Possum Town see 2Columbus Praschnitz see Przasnysz
Poste-de-la-Baleine see Kuujjuarapik Prassburg see Mozirje
Postojna (town, southwestern Slovenia) : to 1945 Prata see Nova Prata
Italian Postumia; to 1918 German Adelsberg Pratica di Mare (village, western Italy) : Roman
Postumia see Postojna Lavinium
Postumian Way see Via Prausnitz see Prusice
Postville see 2Lincoln Praust see Pruszcz Gdaüski
Pöstyén see Pie§t’any Prävali see Prevalje
Postysheve see Krasnoarmiys’k Pravda (town, eastern Russia) : 1905–1945 Japa-
Postyshevo see Krasnoarmiys’k nese Hirochi
Potentia see Potenza Pravdino (village, western Russia) : c.1930–1945
Potenza (town, southern Italy) : Roman Potentia German Grumbkowfelde; to c.1930 German
Potgietersrus see Mokopane Grumbkowkeiten
Poti (town, western Georgia) : ancient Greek Pravdinsk (town, western Russia) : to 1945 Ger-
Phasis man Friedland (The German name is associ-
Pottsgrove see Pottstown ated with the battle of 1807 during the
Pottstown (town, Pennsylvania, northeastern Napoleonic Wars in which the allied Prussian
United States) : to to 1815 Pottsgrove and Russian forces were defeated by the
Pouso Alto see Piracanjuba French.)
 165 Prokhod na Republikata

Pravishta see Eleftheroupolis Prigmore’s Swamp see New Brunswick

Premetì see Përmeti Prikumsk see Budyonnovsk
Preobrazhenskaya see Kikvidze Prilep (city, south central Macedonia) : to 1913
Prerau see P†erov Turkish Perlepe
P†erov (city, eastern Czech Republic) : to 1918, Primkenau see Przemków
1
1939–1945 German Prerau Primorsk (town, western Russia, near Kalin-
Prescelly see Preseli ingrad) : to 1946 German Fischhausen
2
Preseli (region, southwestern Wales) : dated En- Primorsk (town, western Russia, near St. Pe-
glish Prescelly (The English name is usually as- tersburg) : to 1940 Finnish Koivisto; to 1809
sociated with the Prescelly Hills or Prescelly Swedish Björkö
3
Mountains, Welsh Mynydd Preseli, from which Primorsk (town, western Russia, near Volgo-
bluestones were transported to build Stone- grad) : formerly Lugovaya Proleyka
henge in southern England.) Primorsk see Prymors’k
Presidencia de la Plaza (town, southern Argen- Primorsko (town, southeastern Bulgaria) : for-
tina) : to early 1940s Presidente de la Plaza merly Kyupriya
Presidente de la Plaza see Presidencia de la Primorskoye see Sartana
Plaza Prince Arthur’s Landing see Port Arthur
Presidente Dutra (city, northeastern Brazil) : to Prince Edward Island (province, eastern
1948 Curador Canada) : locally (Algonquian) Abegweit;
Presidente Juán Perón see Chaco 1759–1799 St. John’s Island; to 1759 French Île
Presidente Penna see 2Rondônia St.-Jean (In 1962 the local name was given to
Presidente Vargas see (1) Itabira; (2) Nova Era the passage between New Brunswick and
Preslav see Veliki Preslav Prince Edward Island plied by the car ferry
Pre§ov (city, eastern Slovakia) : to 1918 Hungar- MV Abegweit.)
ian Eperjes Prince George (city, British Columbia, western
Presque Isle (town, Maine, northeastern United Canada) : to 1915 Fort George
States) : to 1859 Fairbanks Prince of Wales Island see Penang
Pressburg see Bratislava Princeton (town, New Jersey, northeastern
Presteigne (town, eastern Wales) : Welsh United States) : to 1724 Stony Brook
Llanandras Priozyorsk (town, western Russia) : to 1940
P†e§tice (town, western Czech Republic) : to Finnish Käkisalmi; to 1809 Swedish Kexholm
1918, 1939–1945 German Pscheschtitz Prishib see Leninsk
Pretoria see Tshwane Pristen’ (town, western Russia) : formerly
Pretoria-Witwatersrand-Vaal see Gauteng Mar’yino
Preussen see Prussia Pri§tina (city, central Kosovo) : to 1913 Turkish
Preussisch-Eylau see Bagrationovsk Pri£tine
Preussisch-Friedland see Debrzno Pri£tine see Pri§tina
Preussisch-Holland see Pasùdk Priverno (town, south central Italy) : to 1928
Preussisch-Stargard see Starogard Gdaüski Piperno
Prevalje (town, northern Slovenia) : to 1918, Privigye see Prievidza
1941–1945 German Prävali Privitz see Prievidza
Préveza (town, northwestern Greece) : to 1913 Privolzhsk (city, western Russia) : to 1928
Turkish Preveze; ancient Greek Berenicia Yakovlevskoye
Preveze see Préveza Privolzhskoye (village, southwestern Russia) : to
Priargunsk (town, southeastern Russia) : to 1962 1941 Kukkus
Tsurukhaytuy Privolzhsky (town, southwestern Russia) : 1936–
Priazovskoye see Pryazovs’ke 1944 Kanukov; to 1936 Kalmytsky Bazar (The
P†íbor (town, eastern Czech Republic) : to 1919, town is now within the city of Astrakhan.)
1939–1945 German Freiberg Prizren (city, southern Kosovo) : to 1913 Turkish
P†íbram (city, west central Czech Republic) : to Perserin
1918, 1939–1945 German Pibrans Proby Island see Niuafo’ou
Priestholm see Puffin Island Prochowice (town, southwestern Poland) : to
Priest’s Mills see 3Alexandria 1945 German Parchwitz
Priest’s Valley see Vernon Profesor Ishirkovo (town, northern Bulgaria) :
Prievidza (city, west central Slovakia) : to 1918 to 1942 Kochina
Hungarian Privig ye; to 1867 German Privitz Prokhod na Republikata see Republic Pass
Proletarsk 166
1
Proletarsk (town, southwestern Russia) : to sian Primorsk); to 1967 Nohays’ke (Russian
1970 Proletarskaya Nogaysk)
2
Proletarsk (town, northwestern Tajikistan) : Prymors’ke see Sartana
formerly Russian Dragomirovo Przasnysz (town, northeastern Poland) : 1940–
Proletarsk see Proletars’k 1945 German Praschnitz
Proletars’k (town, eastern Ukraine) : (Russian Przemków (town, western Poland) : to 1945
Proletarsk); formerly Nesvitovych (Russian German Primkenau
Nesvetevich) (The town was incorporated into Przemysl see Przemy¢l
the city of Lysychans’k in 1965.) Przemy¢l (city, southeastern Poland) : 1941–1944
Proletarskaya see 1Proletarsk German Przemysl; 1939–1941 Russian Pere-
Proletarskaya Pobeda see Pirogovsky myshl’; to 1918 German Przemysl (In the early
1
Proletarsky (town, western Russia, near Belgo- years of World War II, 1939–41, the city was
rod) : formerly Gotnya divided by the German-Soviet frontier.)
2 Przemy¢lany see Peremyshlyany
Proletarsky (town, western Russia, near Ser-
pukhov) : to 1928 Proletary Przheval’sk see Karakol
Proletary see 2Proletarsky Pscheschtitz see P†e§tice
Promzino see Surskoye Psedakh see Alanskoye
Propontis see Marmara, Sea of Psirtskha see Akhali Ap’oni
Propoysk see Slawharad Pszczólki (village, northern Poland) : 1772–1945
Proskuriv see 1Khmel’nyts’kyy German Hohenstein
Proskurov see 1Khmel’nyts’kyy Pszczyna (towm, southwestern Poland) : to 1921,
Proskurów see 1Khmel’nyts’kyy 1939–1945 German Pless
Prospect Park see Glen Ellyn Ptolemaïs (town, north central Greece) : to 1913
Prossnitz see Prostfijov Turkish Kaylar
Prostfijov (city, east central Czech Republic) : to Ptolemaïs see (1) Acre; (2) Tolmeta
1918, 1939–1945 German Prossnitz Ptuj (town, northeastern Slovenia) : to 1918,
Provadiya (town, eastern Bulgaria) : to 1878 1941–1945 German Pettau; Roman Poetovio
Turkish Paravadq Pucarevo see Novi Travnik
Provence (region, southeastern France) : Roman Puchó see Púchov
Provincia Púchov (town, western Slovakia) : to 1918 Hun-
Providence see (1) Annapolis; (2) Fairfax garian Puchó
Province Lands see Provincetown Puck (town, northern Poland) : 1772–1919,
Provincetown (town, Massachusetts, northeast- 1939–1945 German Putzig
ern United States) : to 1727 Province Lands Puebla (city, east central Mexico) : alternate
Provincia see Provence Puebla de Zaragoza; to 1862 Puebla de los Ánge-
Provo (city, Utah, west central United States) : to les (The city’s full alternate name is Heroica
1850 Fort Utah Puebla de Zaragoza. It owes its “heroic” title to
Prudhon see Sidi Brahim the battle of 1862, in which the Mexicans
Prudnik (town, southwestern Poland) : to 1945 under General Ignacio Zaragoza were victori-
German Neustadt ous over the French. A year later the city was
Prusia ad Olympum see Bursa occupied by the French but was recaptured by
Prusice (town, southwestern Poland) : to 1945 General Porfirio Díaz in 1867.)
German Prausnitz Puebla de los Ángeles see Puebla
Prussia (former state, north central Germany) : Puebla de Zaragoza see Puebla
[German Preussen] Pueblo de la Capilla see Sauce del Yí
Pruszcz Gdaüski (town, northern Poland) : Pueblo de San José de Guadalupe see San Jose
1772–1945 German Praust Pueblo Viejo see Villa Canales
Pru∞ana see Pruzhany Puerto Acosta (town, western Bolivia) : to 1908
Pruzhany (town, western Belarus) : 1919–1939 Huaicho
Polish Pru∞ana Puerto Aguirre see Puerto Iguazú
Pryazovs’ke (town, southeastern Ukraine) : Puerto Bello see Portobelo
(Russian Priazovskoye); 1864–1935 Pokrovka Puerto Caballos see Puerto Cortés
Druha (Russian Pokrovka Vtoraya) or Puerto Cortés (city, northwestern Honduras) :
Pokrovs’ke (Russian Pokrovskoye); to 1864 Siyut- to 1869 Puerto Caballos
Dzheret Puerto de Cabras see Puerto del Rosario
Prymors’k (town, southeastern Ukraine) : (Rus- Puerto del Inglés see Piriápolis
 167 Pyrgi

Puerto del Rosario (town, eastern Canary Is- Punkapoag see 2Canton
lands, Spain) : to 1957 Puerto de Cabras Puno (city, southern Peru) : originally San Carlos
Puerto de Nuestra Señora de los Angeles see de Puno
Port Angeles Punta Arenas (city, southern Chile) : 1927–1937
Puerto Flor de Lis see Ciudad del Este Magallanes
Puerto Francisco de Orellana see Coca Puntarenas (city, western Costa Rica) : originally
Puerto Iguazú (town, northeastern Argentina) : Bruselas
to 1940s Puerto Aguirre Purdy’s Mills see Lindsay
Puerto México see Coatzacoalcos Purtuniq (village, Quebec, eastern Canada) :
Puerto Pérez (town, western Bolivia) : to 1900 formerly Asbestos Hill
Chililaya P≠rvenets (village, south central Bulgaria) : to
Puerto Presidente Stroessner see Ciudad del 1945 Ferdinandovo
Este P≠rvomay (town, south central Bulgaria) : 1891–
Puerto Princesa (city, western Philippines) : for- 1945 Borisovgrad; 1878–1891 Khadzhi-Eles; to
merly Cuyo 1878 Turkish Hacieles
Puerto Príncipe see Camagüey Pushkin (city, western Russia) : 1918–1937 Det-
Puerto Real (town, southwestern Spain) : skoye Selo; to 1918 Tsarskoye Selo (The city has
Roman Portus Gaditanus now been incorporated into St. Petersburg.)
Puerto Rico (island state, central West Indies) : 1
Pushkino (village, western Russia, near Kalin-
locally (Arawakan) Borinquén; formerly Porto ingrad) : to 1945 German Dosmahlen
Rico; originally San Juan (The island’s original 2
Pushkino (village, western Russia, near Engel’s)
name came to give that of its capital city, 2San : to 1941 Urbakh (The earlier name of the vil-
Juan, while over time the port town’s name lage, in the former Volga German Autono-
passed to that of the state.) mous Soviet Socialist Republic, is a Russian
Puerto Sandino (town, western Nicaragua) : to form of German Urbach.)
1980 Puerto Somoza Pushkino see Biläsuvar
Puerto Somoza see Puerto Sandino Putao (town, northern Myanmar) : formerly Fort
Puerto Vallarta (city, west central Mexico) : for- Hertz
merly Las Peñas Puteoli see Pozzuoli
Puffin Island (northwestern Wales) : alternate Putyatin (town, southeastern Russia) : formerly
Priestholm; Welsh Ynys Seiriol Nazimovo
Pugachyov (town, western Russia) : to 1918 Putzig see Puck
Nikolayevsk Pyandzh see (1) Panj; (2) D≠stí
Pugachyovo (village, eastern Russia) : 1905–1945 P’yansky Perevoz see Perevoz
Japanese Maguntan-hama P’yany Bor see Krasny Bor
Puglia (region, southeastern Italy) : alternate and Pyarnu see Pärnu
Roman Apulia Pyatikhatka see Pyatykhatky
Pula (city, western Croatia) : to 1947 Italian Pola; Pyatikhatki see Pyatykhatky
to 1918 German Pola; Roman Pietas Julia Pyatykhatka see Pyatykhatky
Puùawy (town, eastern Poland) : to 1915 Russian Pyatykhatky (town, east central Ukraine) : (Rus-
Novaya Aleksandriya sian Pyatikhatki); to 1944 Pyatykhatka (Russian
Pulgan see Pülgön Pyatikhatka)
Pülgön (village, western Kyrgyzstan) : 1940–1991 Pylos (town, southern Greece) : locally
Frunzenskoye; to 1940 Pulgan Neokastro; formerly Italian Navarino (The Ital-
Pulin see Chervonoarmiys’k ian name is associated with the naval battle of
Pullman (city, Washington, northwestern United 1827 between European and Turkish fleets off
States) : originally Three Forks the coast here during the Greek War of Inde-
Puùtusk (town, east central Poland) : 1940–1945 pendence.)
German Ostenburg Pyramus see Ceyhan
Pulyny see Chervonoarmiys’k Pyrenees (mountains, northeastern Spain/south-
Pumlumon see Plynlimon western France) : [French Pyrénées; Spanish
Pune (city, western India) : formerly English Pirineos]
Poona Pyrénées see Pyrenees
Puncheston (village, southwestern Wales) : Pyrénées-Atlantiques (department, southwest-
Welsh Cas-mael ern France) : to 1969 Basses-Pyrénées
Pungarabato see Ciudad Altamirano Pyrgi see San Severa
Pyritz 168

Pyritz see Pyrzyce Quelpart see Chegu

Pyrzyce (town, northwestern Poland) : to 1945 Quemoy (island, southeastern China) : alternate
German Pyritz Jinmen
Pyshkino-Troitskoye see 2Pervomayskoye Que Que see Kwekwe
Pyshma see Verkhnyaya Pyshma Quesnel (town, British Colombia, southwestern
Pyshminsky Zavod see Staropyshminsk Canada) : to 1864 Quesnelle Mouth
Pyskowice (town, southern Poland) : to 1945 Quesnelle Mouth see Quesnel
German Peiskretscham Quezon (province, northern Philippines) : to
Pytalovo (town, western Russia) : 1938–1945 1946 Tayabas
Latvian Abrene; 1925–1938 Latvian Jaunlatgale Quibdó (city, western Colombia) : originally San
Qamanittuaq see Baker Lake Francisco de Quibdó
Qanliko’l (village, western Uzbekistan) : for- Quimper (town, northwestern France) : [Breton
merly Leninobod (Russian Leninabad) Kemper]
1
Qaqortoq (town, southwestern Greenland) : to Quincy (city, Illinois, north central United
1985 Danish Julianehåb States) : to 1825 Bluffs
2
Qarshi (city, southern Uzbekistan) : 1926–1937 Quincy (city, Massachusetts, northeastern
Bek-Budi United States) : to 1792 Merry Mount; origi-
Qausuittuq see Resolute nally Mount Wollaston
Qazbegi (town, northern Georgia) : to 1921 Quingua see Plaridel
Stepantsminda Quinnipiac see New Haven
QazimImmId (town, eastern Azerbaijan) : for- Qunghirot (town, western Uzbekistan) : 1969–
merly Kazi-Mahomed; to 1939 Adzhibakul 1991 Russian Kungrad; to 1969 Russian Zhel-
Qena (city, eastern Egypt) : ancient Greek Caene eznodorozhny
1
Qeqertarsuaq (island, western Greenland) : for- Qusantnnah see Constantine
merly Disko Quseir (town, eastern Egypt) : formerly often
2
Qeqertarsuaq (town, western Greenland) : for- Kosseir
merly Danish Godhavn Qyteti Stalin see Kuçovë
Qift (village, eastern Egypt) : ancient Greek Raab see Gyâr
Coptos Rab (village, western Croatia) : 1941–1943 Italian
Qikiqtarjuaq (island, Nunavut, northeastern Arbe; to 1918 German Arbe (The village is on
Canada) : to 1999 Broughton Island the island of the same name.)
Qingaq see Bathurst Inlet Rabbah see Amman
Qomsheh (town, west central Iran) : to 1979 Rabbath-Ammon see Amman
Shahreza RaVa (city district, western Slovakia) : to 1946
Quaqtaq (village, Quebec, eastern Canada) : for- RaVistorf. (RaVa is a northern district of Brati-
merly Koartac slava.)
Quartzsite (town, Arizona, southwestern United Rachov see Rakhiv
States) : originally Fort Tyson Racibórz (city, south central Poland) : to 1945
Quatre Cantons, Lac des see Lucerne, Lake German Ratibor
Quattro Cantoni, Lago dei see Lucerne, Lake Racine (city, Wisconsin, north central United
Quebec (province and city, eastern Canada) : al- States) : to 1837 Port Gilbert
ternate French Québec; 1841–1867 Canada RaVistorf see RaVa
East; 1791–1841 Lower Canada (The historical RQdQu´i (town, northern Romania) : to 1918
names for the province were essentially inter- German Radautz
changeable. Cp. Ontario.) Radautz see RQdQu´i
Québec see Quebec Radekhiv (town, western Ukraine) :
Québec-Ouest see 1Vanier (Russian Radekhov); to 1939 Polish Radziechów
Quebec West see 1Vanier Radekhov see Radekhiv
Queen Elizabeth National Park see Ruwenzori Radili Ko see Fort Good Hope
National Park Radimin see Radzymin
Queensborough see New Westminster Radin see Radzyü Podlaski
Queen’s County see Laois Radków (town, southwestern Poland) : to 1945
Queensferry (town, northeastern Wales) : 1828– German Wünschelburg
1837 King’s Ferry; 1826–1828 Lower King’s Radmannsdorf see Radovljica
Ferry; to 1826 Lower Ferry Radnor Forest (eastern Wales) : Welsh Fforest
Queenstown see Cóbh Clud (As elsewhere in British placenames, for-
 169 Ráth Mealtain

est here means specifically “hunting preserve” Rakovski see 1Dimitrovgrad

rather than just “region of trees.”) Rakvere (town, northern Estonia) : to 1918 Ger-
Radnorshire see New Radnor man Wesenberg
Radomir (mountain, southwestern Bulgaria) : to Ralston’s Colony see Rapid City
1967 Kalabak Rampur Boalia see Rajshahi
Radomsko (town, central Poland) : to 1915 Rus- Ramsey (island, southwestern Wales) : Welsh
sian Novoradomsk Ynys Dewi
Radovljica (town, northwestern Slovenia) : to Rancagua (city, north central Chile) : originally
1918, 1941–1945 German Radmannsdorf Villa Santa Cruz de Triana
Radyvyliv (town, western Ukraine) : 1940–1991 Rancho Rodeo de las Aguas see Beverly Hills
Chervonoarmiys’k (Russian Chervonoarmeysk); Rand see Des Plaines
1919–1940 Polish Radziwillów; to 1919 Russian Rand, The see Witwatersrand
Radzivilov Randolph (town, Massachusetts, northeastern
Radziechów see Radekhiv United States) : to 1793 Cochato
Radzivilov see Radyvyliv Ranenburg see Chaplygin
Radziwillów see Radyvyliv Rangitoto see D’Urville Island
Radzymin (town, east central Poland) : to 1915 Rangoon see Yangôn
Russian Radimin Rankin Inlet (village, Nunavut, north central
Radzyü Podlaski (town, eastern Poland) : to Canada) : alternate Inuit Kangiqcliniq
1915 Russian Radin RankoviWevo see (1) Banatski Karlovac;
Rae Lakes (village, Northwest Territories, north (2) Kraljevo
central Canada) : alternate Inuit Gameti Rann see Bre±ice
Raglan (village, southeastern Wales) : Welsh Rantomari see Yablochny
Rhaglan Rapa Nui see Easter Island
Ragnit see Neman Raphoe (town, northwestern Ireland) : Irish Ráth
Ragusa see Dubrovnik Bhoth
Rahaeng see Tak Rapid City (town, Manitoba, southern Canada)
Rahó see Rakhiv : to 1877 Ralston’s Colony
Rahouia (town, northern Algeria) : to c.1962 Rapids City see Cedar Rapids
French Montgolfier Rappoltsweiler see Ribeauvillé
Rahuipukeko see Huntly Raritan see Edison
Rainier, Mt. (Washington, northwestern United Raseiniai (town, west central Lithuania) : (Rus-
States) : alternate Mt. Tacoma (The mountain’s sian Raseynyay); to 1918 Russian Rossiyeny
Indian name gave that of the city of Tacoma, Ras el Ma (town, northwestern Algeria) : to
45 miles to the northwest.) c.1962 French Bedeau
Rajasthan (state, northwestern India) : to 1948 Ras el Oued (town, northeastern Algeria) : to
Rajputana (The former name applied to a re- c.1962 French Tocqueville
gion approximating to that of the present Raseynyay see Raseiniai
state, which later added other small areas.) Rashnd (city, northern Egypt) : alternate tradi-
Rajputana see Rajasthan tional Rosetta (The traditional name became
Rajshahi (city, western Bangladesh) : formerly widely known from the Rosetta stone, discov-
Rampur Boalia ered here in 1799.)
Rakhine (state, western Myanmar) : formerly Rasony (town, northern Belarus) : (Russian
Arakan Rossony); to c.1940 Stanislavovo
Rakhiv (town, western Ukraine) : (Russian Rastenburg see Kdtrzyn
Rakhov); 1944–1945 Czech Rachov; 1939–1944 Rastorguyevo see Vidnoye
Hungarian Rahó; 1919–1939 Czech Rachov; to Rastyapino see Dzerzhinsk
1918 Hungarian Rahó Ratae Corieltauvorum see Leicester
Rakhmanlare see Rozino Ráth Bhoth see Raphoe
Rakhov see Rakhiv Ráth Caola see Rathkeale
Rakishki see Roki§kis Rathkeale (town, southwestern Ireland) : Irish
Rakiura see Stewart Island Ráth Caola
Rakonitz see Rakovnik Ráth Luirc (town, southern Ireland) : to 1939
Rakovets see Grozdyovo Charleville (The town’s shorter Irish name is
Rakovnik (town, western Czech Republic) : to An Ráth.)
1918, 1939–1945 German Rakonitz Ráth Mealtain see Rathmelton
Rathmelton 170

Rathmelton (town, northwestern Ireland) : Irish bia) : Roman Mare Rubrum; alternate Roman
Ráth Mealtain Sinus Arabicus (The Red Sea lies between Ara-
Ratibor see Racibórz bic-speaking countries and its Arabic name is
Ratisbon see Regensburg Al Ba∏r al-A∏mar, meaning the same as the
Ratmanov Island see Diomede Islands English.)
Rat Portage see Kenora Redwood City (city, California, western United
Rattlesnake Station see Mountain Home States) : to 1858 Embarcadero
Ratzebuhr see Okonek Reetz see Recz
Raudnitz an der Elbe see Roudnice nad Regar see Tursunzade
Labem Regele Carol II see Suvorove
Rauschen see Svetlogorsk Regele Mihai I see Suvorove
Rautenberg see Uzlovoye Regensburg (city, southeastern Germany) : for-
Rautu see Sosnovo merly Ratisbon; Roman Castra Regina
Rava-Rus’ka (town, western Ukraine) : (Russian Regenwalde see Resko
Rava Russkaya); to 1939 Polish Rawa Ruska Reggio di Calabria (city, southern Italy) :
Rava Russkaya see Rava-Rus’ka Roman Regium Julium (The Roman name oc-
Ravenglass (village, northwestern England) : curs in the Bible as Rhegium, the town where
Roman Glannoventa Paul waited for a wind en route to Rome.)
Rawa Ruska see Rava-Rus’ka Reggio nell’Emilia (city, northern Italy) :
Rawicz (town, west central Poland) : 1793–1807, Roman Regium Lepidum
1815–1919, 1939–1945 German Rawitsch Reghin (town, central Romania) : to 1918, 1940–
Rawitsch see Rawicz 1944 Hungarian Szászrégen; to 1867 German
Rawlins (town, Wyoming, western United Sächsisch-Regen
States) : originally Rawlins Springs Regina (city, Saskatchewan, southern Canada) :
Rawlins Springs see Rawlins 1857–1882 Wascana; originally Pile O’Bones
Razdan see Hrazdan Regium Julium see Reggio di Calabria
Razdol’noye see Rozdon’ne Regium Lepidum see Reggio nell’Emilia
Razgrad (city, northeastern Bulgaria) : to 1878 Regulbium see Reculver
Turkish Hezargrad Reïbell see Ksar Chellala
Razino (village, western Russia) : to 1945 Ger- Reichenau see Bogatynia
man Doristhal Reichenau an der Knieschna see Rychnov nad
Razlog (town, southwestern Bulgaria) : to 1878 Knfi±nou
Turkish Mehomie Reichenau bei Gablonz see Rychnov u
Reate see Rieti Gablonce
Rechitsa see Rechytsa Reichenbach see Dzier∞oniów
Rechytsa (city, southeastern Belarus) : (Russian Reichenberg see Liberec
Rechitsa); to 1918 Russian Rechitsa Reichenstein see Zùoty Stok
Recife (city, eastern Brazil) : formerly Pernam- Reichshof see Rzeszów
buco; 17th century Dutch Mauritzstad Reichstadt see Zákupy
Reculver (village, southeastern England) : Reims (city, northeastern France) : conventional
Roman Regulbium English Rheims; Roman Durocortorum
Recz (town, northwestern Poland) : to 1945 Ger- Reivilo (town, west central South Africa) : to
man Reetz 1927 Klein Boetsap
Reda (town, northern Poland) : 1772–1919, Remchi (town, northwestern Algeria) : to c.1962
1939–1945 German Rheda French Montagnac
Red Bluff (town, California, western United Remennikovo (village, southwestern Russia) : to
States) : originally Leodocia 1941 Oberdorf (The town’s earlier German
Redding see Elizabeth City name is due to its location in the former Volga
Redenção see Redenção da Serra German Autonomous Soviet Socialist Repub-
Redenção da Serra (town, southeastern Brazil) : lic.)
to 1944 Redenção Remington’s Corners see Ilion
Red Jacket see Calumet Renaix see Ronse
Redriff see Rotherhithe Renault see Sidi Mohammed Ben Ali
Red River (southeastern Asia) : alternate Chinese Renier see Aïn Makhlouf
Yuan or Vietnamese Hong Rennes (city, northwestern France) : Breton
Red Sea (northeastern Africa/western Saudi Ara- Roazhan; Roman Condate
 171 Riachão do Dantas

Reno (city, Nevada, western United States) : to RezI’nyeh see Or¨mnyeh

1868 Lake’s Crossing Rezekne see R`zekne
Repelen-Baerl see Rheinkamp R`zekne (city, eastern Latvia) : (Russian
Repino (town, western Russia) : to 1948 Finnish Rezekne); 1939–1945 German Rositten; 1772–
Kuokkala 1918 Russian Rezhitsa
Reppen see Rzepin Rezhitsa see R`zekne
Republic Pass (central Bulgaria) : [Bulgarian Rha see Volga
Prokhod na Republikata], to 1950 Khainboaz Rhaeadr Gwy see Rhayader
Repulse Bay (village, Nunavut, northern Rhaglan see Raglan
Canada) : alternate Inuit Naujaat Rhayader (town, central Wales) : Welsh Rhaeadr
Rerigonius Sinus see Ryan, Loch Gwy
Reriutaba (town, northeastern Brazil) : to 1944 Rheda see Reda
Portuguese Santa Cruz Rhegium see Reggio di Calabria
Resan see Resen Rheims see Reims
Reschen-Scheideck see Passo di Resia Rhein see Rhine
Resen (village, western Macedonia) : 1913–1941 Rheinkamp (city, western Germany) : formerly
Serbian Resan; to 1913 Turkish Resne Repelen-Baerl
Resiczabánya see Re£i´a Rheinschanze see Ludwigshafen
Resina see Ercolano Rhenus see Rhine
Resistencia (city, northeastern Argentina) : to Rhin see Rhine
1876 San Fernando del Rio Negro (The earlier Rhine (river, central and western Europe) : [Ger-
name was that of a Jesuit mission abandoned man Rhein; French Rhin; Dutch Rijn]; Roman
in 1773 after the order was suppressed.) Rhenus
Re£i´a (city, western Romania) : to 1918 Hungar- Rhinocolura see Al ‘Arnsh
ian Resiczabánya Rhisca see Risca
Resko (town, northwestern Poland) : to 1945 Rhiwabon see Ruabon
German Regenwalde Rhodanus see Rhône
Resne see Resen Rhode Island (Rhode Island, northeastern
Resolute (village, Nunavut, northern Canada) : United States) : to 1644 Aquidneck (This is the
alternate Inuit Qausuittuq past and present name of the island on which
Resülayn see Ceylanpqnar the state of Rhode Island, officially Rhode Is-
Reszel (town, northeastern Poland) : to 1945 land and Providence Plantations, was formed
German Rössel and ratified the U.S. Constitution in 1790.)
Réunion (island, western Indian Ocean) : 1810– Rhodes (city, southeastern Greece) : [modern
1848 Bourbon; 1801–1810 Bonaparte; 1793–1801 Greek Rodos]; to 1947 Italian Rodi; to 1912 Turk-
Réunion; 1649–1793 Bourbon; 1642–1649 Isle ish Rodos (The city lies on the island of the
Mascareigne, to 1642 Santa Apollonia (The is- same name, known to the Romans as Rhodus.)
land has been a French possession since 1642 Rhodesia see Zimbabwe
with the exception of the years 1810–15, when Rhodus see Rhodes
it was taken by the British, who restored the Rhône (river, southern France) : Roman Rho-
earlier name Bourbon.) danus
Reutov (city, western Rusia) : to 1940 Reutovo Rhoose (village, southern Wales) : Welsh Y Rhws
Reutovo see Reutov Rhos Mhic Thriúin see New Ross
Reval see Tallinn Rhos-on-Sea (town, northern Wales) : Welsh
Revel’ see Tallinn Llandrillo-yn-Rhos
Revelstoke (town, British Columbia, southwest- Rhum see Rum
ern Canada) : formerly Farwell; originally Sec- Rhuthun see Ruthin
ond Crossing (The original settlement was on a Rhydaman see Ammanford
slightly different site.) Rhymney (town, southern Wales) : Welsh
Revere (city, Massachusetts, northeastern United Rhymni
States) : 1846–1871 North Chelsea; originally Rhymni see Rhymney
Rumney Marsh (The settlement was part of Riaba (village, northwestern Equatorial Guinea)
Boston until 1739, when it became part of : formerly Portuguese La Concepción
Chelsea.) Riachão see Riachão do Dantas
Revúca (town, south central Slovakia) : to 1918 Riachão do Dantas (town, northeastern Brazil) :
Hungarian Nag yrâce to 1944 Riachão
Ribas do Rio Pardo 172

Ribas do Rio Pardo (town, western Brazil) : to : to 1918, 1938–1945 Hungarian Rimaszombat;
1944 Rio Pardo to 1867 German Gross-Steffelsdorf
Ribeauvillé (town, eastern France) : alternate Rimini (city, northern Italy) : Roman Ariminum
German Rappoltsweiler Rimmon see Seymour
Ribchester (village, northwestern England) : Rimske Toplice (village, central Slovenia) : to
Roman Bremetenacum Veteranorum 1918 German Römerbad
Ribeirão see Guapó Rincón de Zárate see Zárate
Ribeirão Prêto (city, southeastern Brazil) : for- Rinns of Galloway (peninsula, southwestern
merly Entre Rios; originally São Sebastião do Scotland) : Roman Novantarum Peninsula
Ribeirão Prêto Río Benito see 1Mbini
Richborough Port (village, southeastern En- Rio Bonito see (1) Caiapônia; (2) Tangará
gland) : Roman Rutupiae Río Branco (town, northeastern Uruguay) : to
Richland see 2Orange 1909 Artigas
1
Richmond (town, southeastern England) : to Rio Branco see (1) Arcoverde; (2) Paratinga;
1501 Sheen (The full name of the town near (3) Roraima; (4) Visconde do Rio Branco
London is Richmond upon Thames, distin- Rio Brilhante (town, western Brazil) : 1944–
guishing it from Richmond, Yorkshire, for 1948 Caiuás; to 1943 Entre Rios
which it is named, thanks to Henry VII, earl Rio Claro (city, southeastern Brazil) : formerly
of Richmond, who built his palace here.) São João Batista do Morro Azul; originally São
2
Richmond (city, Indiana, north central United João Batista da Beira do Ribeirão Claro
States) : to 1818 Smithville Rio da Dúvida see 2Roosevelt
Richmond see (1) Staten Island; (2) 3Windsor Rio das Flores (town, southeastern Brazil) : to
Richmond Hill (town, Ontario, southeastern 1943 Santa Teresa
Canada) : to 1819 Mount Pleasant Rio do Sul (city, southern Brazil) : formerly Ita-
Ricomagus see Riom jahy do Sul; earlier Bela Aliança
Ridder (city, eastern Kazakhstan) : 1941–2002 Rio Grande (city, southern Brazil) : originally
Russian Leninogorsk São Pedro do Rio Grande do Sul
Ridgeville see Evanston Riom (town, central France) : Roman Ricomagus
Ridgewood (town, New Jersey, northeastern Río Martín see Martil
United States) : 1829–1866 Godwinville; to Río Muni see 2Mbini
1829 Newton Rioni (river, western Georgia) : ancient Greek
Riduna see Alderney Phasis
Riedsburg see 2Kent Rio Novo see Ipiaú
Riesenburg see Prabuty Rio Pardo see (1) Iúna; (2) Ribas do Rio
Riesengebirge (mountains, southwestern Pardo; (2) Rio Pardo de Minas
Poland/northern Czech Republic) : [Polish Rio Pardo de Minas (city, southeastern Brazil) :
Karkonosze; Czech Krkono§e]; alternate English to 1944 Rio Pardo
Giant Mountains (The German name predom- Rio Pomba (town, southeastern Brazil) : to 1948
inates because on the Polish side the moun- Pomba
tains were formerly in Germany.) Rio Prêto see São José do Rio Prêto
Rieti (town, central Italy) : Roman Reate Río Seco see Villa de María
Rijeka (city, northwestern Croatia) : to 1943 Rippin see Rypin
Italian Fiume (The city was successively Ripton see Shelton
under Austrian, Croatian, Hungarian, French, Risca (town, southeastern Wales) : Welsh Rhisga
and Italian rule from 1471 to 1943, during Rishtan (town, eastern Uzbekistan) : c.1940–
which time the Italian name was mostly 1977 Russian Kuybyshevo; 1937–c.1940 Russian
dominant. It then remained in general En- imeni Kuybysheva
glish use.) Risingham (historic locality, northeastern En-
Rijn see Rhine gland) : Roman Habitancum
Rijssel see Lille Ritlyab see Sayasan
Rijswijk (town, northwestern Netherlands) : En- Rivas (town, southwestern Nicaragua) : origi-
glish Ryswick (The English name is historically nally Nicaragua
preserved for the two treaties of 1697 ending River Forest (town, Illinois, north central
the War of the Grand Alliance.) United States) : to 1870 Thatcher (The town is
Rimaszombat see Rimavská Sobota now a residential suburb of Chicago.)
Rimavská Sobota (town, south central Slovakia) River Junction see Chattahoochee
 173 Ronne Ice Shelf

River Plate see Plata, Rio de la Rodos see Rhodes

Riverside (city, California, southwestern United Rodosto see Tekirdağ
States) : originally Jurupa Rodumna see Roanne
Riverton (town, Wyoming, western United Roeselare (town, western Belgium) : French
States) : originally Wadsworth Roulers
Rivet see Meftah Rofreit see Rovereto
Rivière-du-Loup (town, Quebec, eastern Roga§ka Slatina (town, eastern Slovenia) : to
Canada) : to 1919 Fraserville 1918 German Rohitsch-Sauerbrunn
Rivne (city, western Ukraine) : (Russian Rovno); Rogatin see Rohatyn
1919–1939 Polish Równe Roger Simpson Island see Abemama
Rivoli see Hasei Nameche Rogerstone (village, southeastern Wales) : Welsh
Riyadh (city, east central Saudi Arabia) : [Arabic Tŷ-du (The village is now an industrial suburb
Ar RiyIö] of Newport.)
Rizdvyans’ke see Syvas’ke Rogervik see Paldiski
Roanne (town, east central France) : Roman Ro- Rogozha see Noginsk
dumna Rohatyn (town, western Ukraine) : (Russian Ro-
Roanoke (city, Virginia, eastern United States) : gatin); to 1939 Polish Rohatyn
to 1882 Big Lick Rohe Potae see King Country
Roazhon see Rennes Rohitsch-Sauerbrunn see Roga§ka Slatina
Robber’s Roost see Ellensburg Roki§kis (town, northeastern Lithuania) : to 1918
Robertson, Lake see Manyame, Lake Russian Rakishki
Robertstown (town, eastern Ireland) : Irish Baile Rokitzan see Rokycany
Riobaird Rokycany (town, west central Czech Republic) :
Robinson Crusoe (island, eastern Juan Fer- to 1918, 1939–1945 German Rokitzan
nández, South Pacific) : formerly Más a Rolândia (city, southern Brazil) : 1944–1948
Tierra Caviúna
Robur see Basel Roma see 1Rome
Roburnia see 2Amsterdam Romania (republic, southeastern Europe) : [Ro-
Roçadas see Xangongo manian România]; formerly English Roumania
Roch (village, southwestern Wales) : Welsh Y or Rumania
Garn România see Romania
1
Rochester (city, southeastern England) : Roman Romanov see 2Dzerzhyns’k
Durobrivae Romanov-Borisoglebsk see Tutayev
2
Rochester (hamlet, northern England) : Roman Romanovka see Basarabeasca
Bremenium Romanov-na-Murmane see Murmansk
3
Rochester (city, New York, northeastern United Romanovsky Khutor see 1Kropotkin
1
States) : to 1822 Rochesterville Rome (city, western Italy) : [Italian Roma];
Rochesterville see 3Rochester Roman Roma
2
Rockefeller see Mundelein Rome (city, New York, northeastern United
Rockford (city, Illinois, north central United States) : to 1819 Lynchville
States) : originally Midway Römerbad see Rimske Toplice
Rock Island (city, Illinois, north central United Römerstadt see Rï ma†ov
States) : to 1841 Stephenson Romit (village, western Tajikistan) : to c.1935
Rockland (town, Maine, northeastern United Uramir
States) : to 1850 East Thomaston Rommani (town, northwestern Morocco) : for-
Rockport see 2Lakewood merly French Marchand
Rock Springs (village, Wisconsin, northern Roncesvalles (village, northern Spain) : alternate
United States) : to 1947 Ableman French Roncevaux
Rockville (city, Maryland, northeastern United Roncevaux see Roncesvalles
States) : to 1801 Williamsburg; originally Mont- Rondeau see 2Blenheim
1
gomery Court House Rondônia (state, western Brazil) : to 1956 Gua-
Rockwood (village, Ontario, southeastern poré
2
Canada) : to c.1848 Brotherstown Rondônia (town, western Brazil) : formerly
Rodez (town, southern France) : Roman Sego- Presidente Penna
dunum Ronne Ice Shelf (northwestern Antarctica) : for-
Rodi see Rhodes merly Edith Ronne Land
Ronse 174

Ronse (town, west central Belgium) : French Re- Rota (island, southern Northern Mariana Is-
naix lands) : formerly Sarpan
1
Roosevelt (village, New Jersey, northeast- Rot-Front see Dobropillya
ern United States) : formerly Jersey Home- Rotherhithe (district of London, southeastern
steads England) : formerly Redriff
2
Roosevelt (river, northwestern Brazil) : to 1914 Rotomagus see Rouen
Rio da Dúvida Rottweil (city, southwestern Germany) : Roman
Roosevelt Island (New York, northeastern Arae Flaviae (The rottweiler dog, named for
United States) : 1921–1973 Welfare Island; to the city, descended from the cattle dog left by
1921 Blackwell’s Island the Roman legions here.)
Rooseveltown (village, New York, northeastern Rotuma (island, northern Fiji) : formerly
United States) : to 1934 Nyando Grenville Island
Roraima (state, northern Brazil) : to 1962 Rio Roudnice nad Labem (town, northwestern
Branco Czech Republic) : to 1918, 1939–1945 German
Rosário see (1) Rosário do Catete; (2) Rosário Raudnitz an der Elbe
do Sul Rouen (city, northern France) : Roman Rotoma-
Rosário do Catete (town, northeastern Brazil) : gus
to 1944 Rosário Roulers see Roeselare
Rosário do Sul (city, southern Brazil) : to 1944 Roumania see Romania
Rosário Rovereto (town, northern Italy) : to 1919 Ger-
Rosarno (town, southern Italy) : ancient Greek man Rofreit
Medma Rovigno see Rovinj
Roscianum see Rossano Rovinj (town, western Croatia) : to 1945 Italian
Ros Comáin see Roscommon Rovigno
Roscommon (town, north central Ireland) : Irish Rovno see Rivne
Ros Comáin Rovnoye (town, southwestern Russia) : to 1941
Ros Cré see Roscrea Zelman (The town’s earlier German name is
Roscrea (town, central Ireland) : Irish Ros Cré due to its location in the former Volga German
Roseau see Dominion City Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic.)
Roseburg (town, Oregon, northwestern United Równe see Rivne
States) : originally Deer Creek Roxas (city, central Philippines) : formerly Capiz
Rose Hill see Parramatta Roycroft see Rycroft
Rosenau see Ro±ûava Ró∞ana see Ruzhany
Rosenberg see (1) Olesno; (2) Ru±omberok; Rozdol’ne (town, southern Ukraine) : (Russian
(3) Susz Razdol’noye); to 1944 Ak-Sheikh
Rosetta see Rashnd Rozenberg see Rozivka
Roshchino (town, western Russia) : to 1948 Rozhdestvenskoye see (1) Dzerzhinskoye;
Finnish Raivola (The town passed from Fin- (2) Syvans’ke
land to the USSR in 1940 but retained its Rozino (village, central Bulgaria) : 1934–1951
Finnish name until 1948.) Bozhidar; to 1934 Turkish Rakhmanlare
Rositten see R`zekne Rozivka (town, southeastern Ukraine) : (Russian
Rossano (town, southern Italy) : Roman Ros- Rozovka); c.1935–1941 Lyuksemburg; to c.1935
cianum Rozenberg (The town was founded by German
Rossbach see 2Hranice colonists as Rosenberg, a name that later fortu-
Rossborough see Owensboro itously adapted well to that of the German so-
Rössel see Reszel cialist agitator Rosa Luxemburg.)
Rossett (village, northeastern Wales) : Welsh Yr Ro±ûava (town, southern Slovakia) : to 1918,
Orsedd 1938–1945 Hungarian Rozsnyó; to 1867 Ger-
Rossiten see Rybachy man Rosenau
Rossiya see Russia Rozovka see Rozivka
Rossiyeny see Raseiniai Rózsahegy see Ru±omberok
Rossland (town, British Columbia, southwestern Rozsnyó see Ro±ûava
Canada) : to 1894 Thompson Ruabon (town, northeastern Wales) : Welsh
Rossony see Rasony Rhiwabon
Ross’s Landing see Chattanooga Ruanda see Rwanda
Rostovtsevo see Bulung’ur Rubezhnaya see Rubizhne
 175 Rybinsk

Rubezhnoye see Rubizhne Ruspina see Monastir

Rubizhna see Rubizhne Russ Adir see Melilla
Rubizhne (city, eastern Ukraine) : (Russian Russell (town, northeastern New Zealand) :
Rubezhnoye) : 1930–c.1940 Rubizhna (Russian originally Okiato
Rubezhnaya); 1923–1930 Chervonyy Prapor Russellville (town, Kentucky, east central United
(Russian Krasnoye Znamya); to 1930 Rus’ko- States) : to 1798 Big Boiling Springs
Kraska (Russian Russko-Kraska) Russia (republic, eastern Europe/western Asia) :
Rückers see Szczytna [Russian Rossiya]; 1922–1991 Soviet Union (The
Ruda ¡lRska (town, southern Poland) : alternate former name, in full Union of Soviet Socialist
Nowy Bytom; to 1945 German Morgenroth Republics, abbreviated USSR, was used not
Rudki see Rudky only for the territory of the present country,
Rudky (town, western Ukraine) : (Russian historically the Russian Soviet Federated Social-
Rudki); to 1939 Polish Rudki ist Republic, abbreviated RSFSR, but for the
Rudnaya Pristan’ (town, eastern Russia) : to larger republic that included present Armenia,
1972 Tetyukhe-Pristan’ (The town, on the Sea Azerbaijan, Belarus, Estonia, Georgia, Kaza-
of Japan, should not be confused with the khstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Mol-
identically named place further down the dova, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, and
coast.) Uzbekistan. The name Russia was widely used
Rudnichny (town, west central Russia) : to 1933 during the Soviet period for each of these geo-
Auerbakhovsky Rudnik graphical entities.)
Rudnik imeni Karla Libknekhta see Soledar Russian America see Alaska
Rudnik imeni Shvartsa see Zhovti Vody Russko-Kraska see Rubizhne
Rudnik-Ingichka see Ingichka Rust see El Cerrito
Rudny (town, eastern Russia) : to 1972 Lifudzin Rutaka see Aniva
Rudnyk imeny Karla Libknekhta see Soledar Rutek see Vrútky
Rudnyk imeny Shvartsa see Zhovti Vody Ruth (village, North Carolina, eastern United
Rudolf, Lake see Turkana, Lake States) : to 1939 Hampton
Rudolfswerth see Novo Mesto Ruthenia see Transcarpathian Oblast
Rügenwalde see Darùowo Rutherford (town, New Jersey, northeastern
Rukhlovo see Skovorodino United States) : to 1875 Boiling Springs
Rum (island, western Scotland) : 1888–1957 Ruthin (town, northern Wales) : Welsh Rhuthun
popularly Rhum Rutland Water (artificial lake, east central En-
Rumania see Romania gland) : to 1976 Empingham Reservoir
Rumburg see Rumburk Ruttka see Vrútky
Rumburk (town, northern Czech Republic) : to Rutupiae see Richborough Port
1918, 1938–1945 German Rumburg Ruwenzori National Park (southwestern Uganda)
Rummelsburg see Miastko : formerly Queen Elizabeth National Park
Rumney (village, southeastern Wales) : Welsh Ruzhany (town, western Belarus) : to 1939 Pol-
Tredelerch (The village is now a district of the ish Ró∞ana
city of Cardiff.) Ru±omberok (town, northern Slovakia) : to 1918
Rumney Marsh see Revere Hungarian Rózsaheg y; to 1867 German Rosen-
Rumyantseva see Vladimira Il’icha Lenina, berg
imeni Rwanda (republic, east central Africa) : formerly
Rupella see La Rochelle usually Ruanda
Rusçuk see Ruse Ryan, Loch (sea inlet, southwestern Scotland) :
Ruse (city, northeastern Bulgaria) : to 1878 Turk- Roman Rerigonius Sinus (A Roman fort or
ish Rusçuk camp Rerigonium was nearby, perhaps where
Ru§e (town, northeastern Slovenia) : to 1918 the town of Stranraer now stands.)
German Maria Rast Ryazan’ (city, western Russia) : to 1778
Rushan see Rushon Pereyaslavl’-Ryazansky
Rushon (village, east central Tajikistan) : (Rus- Rybachy (village, western Russia) : to 1945 Ger-
sian Rushan); to c.1935 Kalay-Valmar man Rossitten
Rus’ko-Kraska see Rubizhne Rybach’ye see Balykchy
Rusovce (town, southwestern Slovakia) : to 1947 Rybinsk (city, western Russia) : 1984–1989 An-
Hungarian Oroszvár; to 1867 German Karl- dropov; 1957–1984 Rybinsk; 1946–1957 Shcher-
burg (The town is now a district of Bratislava.) bakov
Rychnov nad Knfi±nou 176

Rychnov nad Knfi±nou (town, northeastern Saco (town, Maine, northeastern United States) :
Czech Republic) : to 1918, 1939–1945 German 1762–1805 Pepperellboro; 1718–1762 Biddeford
Reichenau an der Knieschna (The name Biddeford, originally that of a sin-
Rychnov u Jablonce (village, northern Czech gle plantation either side of the Saco River,
Republic) : to 1918, 1939–1945 German was retained by the city now so named when
Reichenau bei Gablonz the two communities separated in 1762.)
Rycroft (village, Alberta, western Canada) : Sacramento (city, California, western United
1920–1933 Roycroft; to 1920 Spirit River States) : to 1848 New Helvetia
Rykovo see Yenakiyeve Sacramento see Itatupã
Rï ma†ov (town, eastern Czech Republic) : to Sacred Way see Via
1918, 1938–1945 German Römerstadt Sá da Bandeira see Lubango
Ryojun see Lüshun Sadovo (town, south central Bulgaria) : formerly
Rypin (town, north central Poland) : 1940–1945 Cheshnegir
German Rippin Sadovoye (village, southwestern Russia) : to 1944
Ryswick see Rijswijk Kegulta
Rzepin (town, western Poland) : to 1945 German SRdowa Wisznia see Sudova Vyshnya
Reppen Saepinum see Altilia
Rzeszów (city, southeastern Poland) : 1940–1945 Saetabicula see Alzira
German Reichshof ®afIkis see Sfax
Saar an der Sazava see ≥ d’ár nad Sázavou ¶afárikovo see Tornal’a
Saarbruck see Saarbrücken Sagan see Õagaü
Saarbrücken (city, western Germany) : 1793– Sagunto (town, eastern Spain) : to 1877 Murvie-
1815 French Sarrebruck (A “compromise” En- dro; Roman Saguntum (The town’s modern
glish spelling Saarbruck was formerly often name is a deliberate revival of the Roman one.)
found. The river here rises in France as the Saguntum see Sagunto
Sarre then flows into Germany as the Saar.) Sahiwal (city, east central Pakistan) : formerly
Saaremaa (island, western Estonia) : formerly Montgomery
Swedish and German Ösel (The island, origi- Saida (city, southwestern Lebanon) : [Arabic
nally in German hands, passed to Denmark in ®aydI’]; biblical Sidon
1560, Sweden in 1645, and Russia in 1710, be- Saigon see Ho Chi Minh City
fore becoming part of Estonia in 1917. All Sain Dunwyd see St. Donats
names mean basically “island.”) Sain Ffagan see St. Fagans
Saarlautern see Saarlouis St. Albans (city, southeastern England) : Roman
Saarlouis (city, southwestern Germany) : 1935– Verulamium (The Roman city stood on the
1945 German Saarlautern (The city, founded west side of the present one, not where the
in France in 1680 but awarded to Prussia in cathedral now stands, as sometimes stated.
1815, was administered by France from 1919 to Writing in A.D. 731, the Venerable Bede re-
1935 and from 1945 to 1957, after which it re- ferred to the city by names which today would
tained its French name.) be spelled Verulamchester or Watlingchester.
Saaz see ≥ atec The Anglo-Saxons who gave the latter name
Sabaneta see Santiago Rodríguez also gave that of Watling Street, the Roman
Sabah (state, eastern Malaysia) : to 1963 North road from London to St. Albans.)
Borneo St.-André see Sint-Andries
Sabaria see Szombathely St. Andrews see Thamesford
Sabinov (town, northeastern Slovakia) : to 1918 St.-Arnaud see El Eulma
Hungarian Kisszeben St. Asaph (village, northern Wales) : Welsh
Sablino see 2Ul’yanovka Llanelwy
Sabra (town, northwestern Algeria) : to c.1962 St. Athan (village, southern Wales) : Welsh Sain
French Turenne Tathan
Sabrina see Severn Sain Tathan see St. Athan
Sachsen see Saxony St.-Bertrand-de-Comminges (village, southern
Sachs Harbour (village, Northwest Territories, France) : Roman Lugdunum Convenarum
northwestern Canada) : alternate Inuit Ikaa- St. Brides Major (village, southern Wales) :
huk Welsh Saint-y-brid (Major refers to the status
Sächsisch-Bereg see Berehove of the church, not the size of the village, which
Sächsisch-Regen see Reghin is half as big as St. Brides Minor.)
 177 Sakhalin

St. Brides Minor (town, southern Wales) : St.-Gilles-Waas see Sint-Gillis-Waas

Welsh Llansanffraid-ar-Ogwr St.-Jean d’Acre see Acre
St. Charles (city, Missouri, central United St.-Jerôme (city, Quebec, southeastern Canada)
States) : 1771–1804 Spanish San Carlos Bor- : originally Dumontville
romeo; to 1771 French Les Petites Côtes St. John’s Island see Prince Edward Island
St. Charles see Denver St. Joseph (town, north central United Sates) :
St. Christopher and Nevis see St. Kitts and to 1833 Newburyport; earlier Saranac; origi-
Nevis nally Fort Miami
St. Clair see East Liverpool St.-Joseph-d’Alma see Alma
St.-Claude (town, eastern France) : Roman Con- St. Kitts and Nevis (island state, eastern West
date Indies) : alternate St. Christopher and Nevis
St. Clears (village, southwestern Wales) : Welsh St. Leonard (city, Quebec, southeastern Canada)
Sanclêr : to 1962 St.-Léonard-de-Port-Maurice (The
St.-Cloud see Gdyel city is now a suburb of Montreal.)
St. Croix (island, eastern West Indies) : to 1674 St.-Léonard-de-Port-Maurice see St. Leonard
Santa Cruz St.-Louis see Boufatis
St.-Dalmas-de-Tende (village, southeastern St. Mary’s Mission see Mission
France) : to 1947 Italian San Dalmazzo di St. Michael’s Town see 1Bridgetown
Tenda St.-Moritz (town, eastern Switzerland) : German
St. David’s (city, southwestern Wales) : Welsh Sankt Moritz; locally (Romansh) San Murez-
Tyddewi, Medieval Latin Menevia. (The com- zan
munity, a famous religious center with a cathe- St.-Nicolas see Sint-Niklaas
dral, officially became a city in 1994.) St. Patrick’s Plain see Singleton
St. David’s Head (peninsula, southwestern St. Paul (city, Minnesota, northern United
Wales) : Welsh Penmaen Dewi; Roman Octapi- States) : to 1841 Pig’s Eye Landing
tarum Promontorium St. Peter am Karst see Pivka
St.-Denis-du-Sig see Sig St. Peters see Bathurst
St. Dogmaels (village, southwestern Wales) : St. Petersburg (city, western Russia) : [Russian
Welsh Llandudoch Sankt-Peterburg]; 1924–1991 Leningrad; 1914–
St.-Domingue see (1) Haiti; (2) Hispaniola; 1924 Petrograd (The name Leningrad is histori-
(3) Santo Domingo cally associated with the 900-day German
St. Donats (village, southern Wales) : Welsh siege of the city in World War II, when around
Sain Dunwyd a million persons lost their lives.)
Ste.-Foy (city, Quebec, eastern Canada) : origi- St.-Pierre-de-la-Pointe-aux-Esquimaux see
nally Notre-Dame-de-Foy Havre-St.-Pierre
Sainte Genevieve (town, Missouri, central St.-Pierre-du-Lac see Val-Brillant
United States) : originally Le Vieux Village St.-Pierre-St.-Paul see Ouled Moussa
Ste.-Marie see Nosy Boraha St.-Stanislas (village, Quebec, southeastern
Saintes (city, western France) : Roman Medio- Canada) : to 1962 Deux-Rivières
lanum Santonum St.-Sulpice see La Salle
Ste.-Scholastique see Mirabel St. Thomas (city, Ontario, southeastern Canada)
St.-Eugène see Bologhine : formerly Sterling; originally Kettle Creek Vil-
St.-Évariste Station see La Guadeloupe lage
St. Fagans (village, southern Wales) : Welsh Sain St. Thomas see Charlotte Amalie
Ffagan St.-Trond see Sint-Truiden
St. Ferdinand see Florissant Saint-y-brid see St. Brides Major
St. Francis see Helena Sajókazinc see Kazincbarcika
St. Gall (town, northeastern Switzerland) : Sakaehama see Starodubskoye
[French St.-Gall; German Sankt-Gallen; Ital- Sakakawea, Lake (North Dakota, northern
ian San Gallo] United States) : formerly Garrison Reservoir
St.-Gall see St. Gall Sak’art’velo see Georgia
St.-Gilles (town, central Belgium) : Flemish Sakarya (river, northwestern Turkey) : ancient
Sint-Gillis (The town is now a suburb of Brus- Greek Sangarius
sels.) Sakha (republic, northeastern Russia) : to 1992
St.-Gilles-lez-Termonde see Sint-Gillis-bij- usually Yakutia
Dendermonde Sakhalin (island, eastern Russia) : formerly Japa-
ßäki 178

nese Karafuto (Although the Japanese name Salla see Kuolayarvi

was sometimes applied to the whole island, it Sallee see Salé
properly denoted the part south of latitude Salliq see Coral Harbour
50°00´N, assigned to Japan in 1905 but trans- Salmantica see Salamanca
ferred to the USSR in 1945.) Salmas (town, northwestern Iran) : 1930–1980
ßäki (city, northern Azerbaijan) : (Russian Shahpur
Sheki); to 1968 Nukha Salonica see Salonika
¶akiai (town, southwestern Lithuania) : (Russian Salonika (city, northwestern Greece) : [modern
Shakyay); to 1918 Russian Shaki Greek Thessaloniki]; alternate English Salonica;
Sakqz see Khíos Roman and biblical Thessalonica
Sakulka see Sokólka Salonta (town, western Romania) : to 1918,
¶al’a (city, southwestern Slovakia) : to 1918, 1940–1945 Hungarian Nag yszalonta
1930–1943 Hungarian Vágsellye Salop see Shropshire
Salacgriva (town, northern Latvia) : to 1917 Ger- Sal’sk (town, southwestern Russia) : to 1926 Tor-
man Salismünde govaya
Salamanca (city, western Spain) : Roman Sal- Salta (city, northwestern Argentina) : originally
mantica San Felipe de Lerma
Salarian Way see Via Saltash see Plymouth
Salaspils (town, central Latvia) : to 1917 German Salt Lake City (city, Utah, west central United
Kirchholm States) : to 1868 Great Salt Lake City
Saldae see Bejaïa Saltrou see Belle-Anse
Saldus (town, southwestern Latvia) : to 1918 Salt Sea see Dead Sea
German Frauenburg Saluciae see Saluzzo
Salé (city, northwestern Morocco) : formerly En- Saluzzo (town, northwestern Italy) : Roman
glish Sallee Saluciae
Salekhard (city, northern Russia) : to 1933 Ob- Salvador (city, eastern Brazil) : formerly Bahia
dorsk (The former name is still that of the state of
Salem see (1) Bardstown; (2) Jerusalem which the city is capital.)
Salem Bridge see Naugatuck Salvador see El Salvador
Salem Village see Danvers Salyuzi see 2Kotelnikovo
Salerno (city, southern Italy) : Roman Salernum Salzburg (city, western Austria) : Roman Salis-
Salernum see Salerno burgum
Salihorsk (city, south central Belarus) : (Russian Salzburgen see Château-Salins
Soligorsk); to 1959 Novo-Starobinsk Salzgitter (city, north central Germany) : to 1951
Salinae see (1) Droitwich; (2) Middlewich Watenstedt-Salzgitter (The city was founded in
Salinas see Salinópolis 1942 on the amalgamation of 28 villages, one
Salinópolis (city, northern Brazil) : to 1944 Sali- of which was Watenstedt.)
nas Samanala see Adam’s Peak
Salisburg see Mazsalaca Samara (city, southwestern Russia) : 1935–1991
Salisburgum see Salzburg Kuybyshev
Salisbury (city, southern England) : alternate Samarkand (city, southeastern Uzbekistan) : an-
dated Sarum (The city’s official name is New cient Greek Marakanda
Sarum, as against Old Sarum, the nearby site Samarkandsky see Temirtau
of the Roman town of Sorviodunum, which Samarobriva see Amiens
took its own name from the Iron Age hillfort Sambir (town, western Ukraine) : (Russian Sam-
here. Sarum itself is not a Roman name, but bor); to 1939 Polish Sambor
an abbreviation of an early form of the present Sambor see Sambir
name with the Latin ending -um.) ßämkir (town, western Azerbaijan) : (Russian
Salisbury see Harare Shamkhor); c.1928–1937 Annenfeld
Salismünde see Salacgriva Samoa (island monarchy, South Pacific) : to 1997
Salla (village, northeastern Finland) : to 1940 Western Samoa
Kursu (In 1940 the original village of Salla, ¶amorin (town, southwestern Slovakia) : to 1918,
30 miles to the northeast, was transferred 1938–1945 Hungarian Somorja
to the USSR and renamed Kuolayarvi. The Samos (town, southeastern Greece) : formerly
population was then evacuated to this new Limìn Vathéos (The town, on the island of the
site.) same name, had a name meaning “harbor of
 179 San Ildefonso

Vathy,” for a nearby port, itself known by the Sand Hill see Kitchener
Turkish name of Vatq to 1912.) Sandhills see Deniliquin
Samsun (city, northern Turkey) : ancient Greek Sandhurst see Bendigo
Amisus San Diego (city, California, southwestern United
Samter see Szamotuùy States) : formerly San Diego de Alcalá de
Samut Prakan (town, south central Thailand) : Henares; to 1602 San Miguel
locally Paknam San Diego de Alcalá de Henares see San
Samut Songkhram (town, western Thailand) : Diego
locally Meklong Sandomierz (town, southeastern Poland) : to
®an‘I’ see Sanaa 1915 Russian Sandomir
Sanaa (city, western Yemen) : [Arabic ®an‘I’] Sandomir see Sandomierz
San Ambrosio de Linares see Linares Sand Point see Titusville
San Angelo (city, Texas, southern United States) Sandwich Island see Éfaté
: formerly Santa Angela; originally Over-the- Sandwich Islands see Hawaii
River Sandwick (village, Western Isles, northwestern
San Antonio, Mt. (California, southwestern Scotland) : Gaelic Sanndabhaig
United States) : formerly Mt. Baldy Sandy Lane (village, southern England) : Roman
San Antonio de Cortés (town, west central Verlucio
Honduras) : to early 1930s Talpetate San Eugenio see Artigas
San Antonio de Padua de Guayama see San Felipe de Lerma see Salta
Guayama San Felipe del Rio see Del Rio
1
San Bartolo see General Simón Bolívar San Fernando (city, eastern Argentina) : for-
San Bartolomé see Venustiano Carranza merly San Fernando de Buena Vista; to 1806
San Beise see Choybalsan Nuestra Señora del Puerto de las Conchas (The
San Bernardo de la Frontera de Tarija see Tar- city is now part of Greater Buenos Aires.)
2
ija San Fernando (city, southwestern Spain) : to
San Blas Islands (northeastern Panama) : for- 1813 Isla de León
merly Las Mulatas San Fernando de Buena Vista see San Fer-
San Buenaventura see Ventura nando
San Candido (town, northern Italy) : to 1918 San Fernando del Rio Negro see Resistencia
German Innichen San Francisco (city, California, western United
San Carlos see Luba States) : to 1847 Yerba Buena
San Carlos de Puno see Puno San Francisco de Quibdó see Quibdó
San Carlos Borromeo see St. Charles San Francisco Gotera (town, eastern El Sal-
Sanchursk (town, western Russia) : to 1918 vador) : to 1887 Gotera
Tsaryovosanchursk San Fructuoso see Tacuarembó
Sanclêr see St. Clears San Gabriel see Ciudad Venustiano Carranza
1
San Cristóbal (province, south central Domini- San Gallo see St. Gall
can Republic) : to 1961 Trujillo Sangarius see Sakarya
2
San Cristobal (island, eastern Galápagos Is- San Germán (town, western Puerto Rico) : to
lands, Ecuador) : formerly Chatham Island 1570 Nueva Villa de Salamanca (The present
San Cristóbal de las Casas (city, southeastern name was assumed from an earlier settlement
Mexico) : 1934–1948 Ciudad de las Casas; in a different location.)
1848–1934 San Cristóbal de las Casas; 1829– San Germano see Cassino
1848 Ciudad de San Cristóbal; 1536–1829 Ciu- San Giorgio see Giurgiu
dad Real de Chiapa; 1535–1536 San Cristóbal San Giovanni di Medua see Shëngjin
de los Llanos; originally Villarreal de Chiapa de San Giuliano Terme (town, central Italy) : to
los Españoles 1935 Bagni San Giuliano; Roman Aquae Cali-
San Cristóbal de los Llanos see San Cristóbal dae Pisanorum
de las Casas Sango (village, southeastern Zimbabwe) : for-
San Dalmazzo di Tenda see St.-Dalmas-de- merly Portuguese Vila Salazar
Tende Sangorodok see Ust’-Vorkuta
Sandalwood Island see Sumba San Ignacio (town, western Belize) : formerly
San Daniele del Carso see ¶tanjel na Krasu Cayo
Sandanski (town, southwestern Bulgaria) : to San Ildefonso (town, central Spain) : alternate
1949 Sveti Vrach La Granja
Sanirajak 180

Sanirajak see Hall Beach San Pietro del Carso see Pivka
San Isidro (city, eastern Argentina) : to 1816 San Rafael see La Estrelleta
1
Costa de Monte Grande (The city is now a dis- San Salvador (island, eastern Bahamas, West In-
trict of Greater Buenos Aires.) dies) : formerly Watling Island (When Colum-
San Javier de Bella Isla see Linares bus landed on the island in 1492 he recorded
San Jerónimo de Buenavista see Montería its native name as Guanahani.)
2
San Jerónimo Ixtepec see Ciudad Ixtepec San Salvador (island, central Galápagos,
San Jose (city, California, western United States) Ecuador) : alternate Santiago or James Island
: originally Pueblo de San José de Guadalupe San Salvador see El Salvador
San José (city, central Costa Rica) : originally San Severa (village, western Italy) : ancient
Villa Nueva Greek Pyrgi
San José de Buena Vista de Curicó see Curicó San Stefano see Ye£ilköy
San José de Cúcuta see Cúcuta Santa Angela see San Angelo
San José de Guasimal see Cúcuta Santa Ana de Coriana see Coro
San Jose de la Isla see Genaro Codina Santa Apollonia see Réunion
San José de los Amoles see Cortazar Santa Bárbara see Santa Bárbara d’Oeste
1
San Juan (province, west central Dominican Santa Bárbara d’Oeste (city, southeastern
Republic) : to 1961 Benefactor (The present Brazil) : to 1944 Santa Bárbara
province is smaller in area than the original.) Santa Barbara Islands (California, southwestern
2
San Juan (city, northern Puerto Rico) : origi- United States) : alternate Channel Islands
nally Puerto Rico (The city’s original name, Santa Catalina del Saltadero del Guaso see
Spanish for “rich port,” gave that of Puerto Guantánamo
Rico, the state of which it is now the capital, Santa Cruz (island, central Galápagos Islands,
while the island’s original name passed to that Ecuador) : formerly Indefatigable Island
of the city.) Santa Cruz see (1) Aracruz; (2) Corumbalina;
3
San Juan (city, west central Argentina) : origi- (3) Reriutaba; (4) St. Croix; (5) Santa Cruz
nally San Juan de la Frontera do Sul
San Juan see Puerto Rico Santa Cruz das Palmeiras (town, southeastern
San Juan Bautista see Villahermosa Brazil) : to 1944 Palmeiras
San Juan de la Frontera see 3San Juan Santa Cruz de Bravo see Felipe Carrillo
San Juan de la Frontera de los Chachapoyas Puerto
see Chachapoyas Santa Cruz de Galeana see Juventino Rosas
San Juan de los Esteros see Matamoros Santa Cruz do Sul (city, southern Brazil) : to
San Juan de Vera de las Siete Corrientes see 1944 Santa Cruz
Corrientes Santa Fe (city, New Mexico, southwestern
Sankt Gallen see St. Gall United States) : originally Villa Real de la
Sankt Gotthard see Szentgotthárd Santa Fé de San Francisco de Asis
Sankt Ilgen see ¶entilj Santa Fé de Bacatá see Bogotá
Sankt Joachimsthal see Jáchymov Santa Isabel see (1) General Trías; (2) Malabo
Sankt Michel see Mikkeli Santa Luiza de Mossoró see Mossoró
Sankt-Mikhel see Mikkeli Santa Luzia see Luziânia
Sankt Moritz see St.-Moritz Santa María (island, southern Galápagos,
Sankt-Peterburg see St. Petersburg Ecuador) : alternate Charles Island
ßanlqurfa (city, southeastern Turkey) : formerly Santa María Asunción Tlaxiaco see Tlaxiaco
Urfa; to 1637 Edessa Santa María del Puerto del Príncipe see Cam-
San Martin Land see Antarctic Peninsula agüey
San Miguel see (1) Diez y Ocho de Julio; (2) Santa Maria di Capua Vetere (village, southern
San Diego Italy) : Roman Capua (The Roman city, whose
San Murrezan see St.-Moritz modern name means “St. Mary of Old
Sanndabhaig see Sandwick Capua,” gave the name of nearby Capua.)
San Nicolás de Buenos Aires (town, central Santa Marinella (town, western Italy) : Roman
Mexico) : to 1941 Malpaís Castrum Novum
San Paolo di Civitate (village, south central Santa Maura see Levkás
Italy) : Roman Teanum Apulum Santana see Uruaçu
San Pablo del Monte see Vicente Guerrero Santana do Paranaíba see Paranaíba
San Pedro Remate see Bella Vista Santander see Cantabria
 181 São Francisco do Maranhão
1
Santarém (city, central Portugal) : Roman Prae- Santo Antônio de Balsas see Balsas
sidium Julium; earlier Roman Scalabis Santo Antônio de Piracicaba see Piracicaba
2
Santarém (city, northern Brazil) : originally Santo Antônio do Campestre see Lins
Tapajós Santo Antônio do Jaguari see São João da Boa
Santarém see Ituberá Vista
Santa Rita do Araguaia see Guiratinga Santo Antônio do Leverger (town, western
Santa Rita do Paranaíba see Itumbiara Brazil) : 1944–1948 Leverger; 1939–1943
Santa Rosa see (1) Bella Unión; (2) Ciudad Santo Antônio; to 1939 Santo Antônio do Rio
Mendoza; (3) Santa Rosa do Viterbo Abaixo
Santa Rosa de Copán (city, northwestern Hon- Santo Antônio do Rio Abaixo see Santo An-
duras) : 1812–1869 Los Llanos de Santa Rosa; to tônio do Leverger
1812 Los Llanos Santo Domingo (city, southern Dominican Re-
Santa Rosa do Viterbo (town, southeastern public) : 1936–1961 Ciudad Trujillo; to 1502
Brazil) : 1944–1948 Icaturama; to 1944 Santa Nueva Isabela (The original city, in an adjacent
Rosa location, was destroyed by a hurricane. The
Santa Teresa see Rio das Flores French form of the city’s name, St.-Domingue,
Santa Ursula y las Once Mil Virgines see Vir- was formerly applied both to Haiti and some-
gin Islands times also to the entire island of Hispaniola of
Santhoeck see New Castle which the Dominican Republic now occupies
1
Santiago (city, central Chile) : originally Santi- the eastern two thirds.)
ago del Nuevo Extremo Santo Domingo see (1) Dominican Republic;
2
Santiago (city, southern Brazil) : to 1938 Santi- (2) Hispaniola
ago do Boqueirão San Tomás de la Nueva Guayana de la Angos-
Santiago see (1) 2San Salvador; (2) Santiago de tura see Ciudad Bolívar
los Caballeros Santorini see Thera
Santiago de Guayaquil see Guayaquil Santos Apóstoles San Simón y Judas see Gila
Santiago del Nuevo Extremo see 1Santiago Bend
Santiago de los Caballeros (city, northern Do- Santos Fumont (city, southeastern Brazil) : to
minican Republic) : to 1504 Santiago 1930s Palmyra
Santiago de los Valles de Moyobamba see Santo Tomé de Guayana see Ciudad Guayana
Moyobamba San Vincente de la Ciénaga see Silver City
Santiago do Boqueirão see 2Santiago São Benedito see (1) Beneditinos; (2) São
Santiago Rodríguez (town, northwestern Do- Benedito do Rio Preto
minican Republic) : to 1936 Sabaneta São Benedito do Rio Preto (town, northeastern
Santiponce (town, southwestern Spain) : Roman Brazil) : to 1944 São Benedito
Italica São Bento see (1) São Bento do Sul; (2) São
Santi Quaranta see Sarandë Bento do Una
Santiváñez (town, central Bolivia) : to 1900s São Bento do Sul (city, southern Brazil) : 1944–
Caraza 1948 Serra Alta; to 1944 São Bento
Santo see Kim São Bento do Una (city, northeastern Brazil) : to
Santo Amaro see (1) General Câmara; (2) 1944 São Bento
Santo Amaro da Imperatriz; (3) Santo São Bernardo see São Bernardo do Campo
Amaro das Brotas São Bernardo do Campo (city, southeastern
Santo Amaro da Imperatriz (town, southern Brazil) : formerly Borda do Campo; originally
Brazil) : 1944–1948 Cambirela; to 1944 Santo São Bernardo
Amaro São Carlos (city, southeastern Brazil) : formerly
Santo Amaro das Brotas (town, northeastern São Carlos do Pinhal
Brazil) : to 1944 Santo Amaro São Carlos do Pinhal see São Carlos
1 São Felipe see Içana
Santo Antônio (town, northeastern Brazil) :
1944–1948 Padre Miguelinho São Francisco see (1) Itapagé; (2) São Fran-
2
Santo Antônio (city, southern Brazil) : to 1938 cisco do Conde; (3) São Francisco do
Santo Antônio da Patrulha Maranhão; (4) São Francisco do Sul
Santo Antônio see Santo Antônio do Leverger São Francisco de Paula see Pelotas
Santo Antônio da Cachoeira see Itaguatins São Francisco do Conde (town, eastern Brazil) :
Santo Antônio da Patrulha see 2Santo An- to 1944 São Francisco
tônio São Francisco do Maranhão (town, northeast-
São Francisco do Sul 182

ern Brazil) : 1944–1948 Iguaratinga; to 1944 São Mateus do Sul (city, southern Brazil) : to
São Francisco 1943 São Mateus
São Francisco do Sul (city, southern Brazil) : to São Miguel see São Miguel das Matas
1944 São Francisco São Miguel das Matas (town, eastern Brazil) : to
São Gonçalo see São Gonçalo dos Campos 1944 São Miguel
São Gonçalo dos Campos (city, eastern Brazil) : São Paulo see Frei Paulo
to 1944 São Gonçalo São Paulo de Luanda see Luanda
São Gonçalo dos Campos see Araripina São Pedro see São Pedro do Sul
São João Batista da Beira do Ribeirão Claro São Pedro do Cariry see Caririaçu
see Rio Claro São Pedro do Rio Grande do Sul see Rio
São João Batista do Morro Azul see Rio Claro Grande
São João da Boa Vista (city, southeastern Brazil) São Pedro do Sul (town, southern Brazil) : to
: formerly São João do Jaguari; originally Santo 1944 São Pedro
Antônio do Jaguari São Roque see São Roque do Paraguaçu
São João da Bocâina see Bocâina São Roque do Paraguaçu (town, eastern Brazil)
São João de Camaquã see Camaquã : to 1944 São Roque
São João de Montenegro see 2Montenegro São Salvador do Congo see Mbanza-Congo
São João do Jaguari see São João da Boa Vista São Sebastião see São Sebastião do Passé
São João do Muqui see Muqui São Sebastião da Grama (town, southeastern
São Joaquim see (1) São Joaquim da Barra; Brazil) : to 1948 Grama
(2) São Joaquim do Monte São Sebastião do Passé (city, eastern Brazil) : to
São Joaquim da Barra (city, southeastern Brazil) 1944 São Sebastião
: to 1944 São Joaquim São Sebastião do Ribeirão Prêto see Ribeirão
São Joaquim do Monte (town, northeastern Prêto
Brazil) : 1944–1948 Camaratuba; to 1944 São São Vicente see (1) Araguatins; (2) General
Joaquim Vargas
São Jorge da Mina see Elmina Sapé see Sapeaçu
São José da Lagoa see Nova Era Sapeaçu (town, eastern Brazil) : to 1944 Sapé
São José das Aldeias Altas see Caxias Sapronovo see 6Oktyabr’sky
São José do Campestre (town, northeastern Sarabuz see 1Hvardiys’ke
Brazil) : to 1944 Campestre Sarafand see Tsrifin
São José do Rio Negrinho see Manaus Saragossa (city, northeastern Spain) : [Spanish
São José do Rio Prêto (city, southeastern Brazil) Zaragoza]; Roman Caesaraugusta
: to 1944 Rio Prêto Sarajevo (city, southeastern Bosnia-Herzegovina)
São José dos Campos (city, southeastern Brazil) : to 1878 Turkish Bosna-Saray
: formerly Vila de São José do Paraíba; earlier Sarana (town, western Russia) : to 1933 Nizhne-
Vila de São José do Sul; originally Vila Nova de saraninsky
São José Saranac see St. Joseph
São José dos Cocais see Nossa Senhora do Saranbey see Septemvri
Livramento Sarandë (town, southern Albania) : 1940–1943
São José dos Matões see Parnarama Italian Porto Edda; 1939–1940 Italian Santi Qua-
São José do Tocantins see Niquelândia ranta; 1919–1921 modern Greek Hagioi Saranta
São Lourenço see (1) São Lourenço da Mata; Saran≠ovo see Septemvri
(2) São Lourenço do Sul Saratovskaya Manufaktura see Krasny Tek-
São Lourenço da Mata (city, northeastern stil’shchik
Brazil) : to 1944 São Lourenço Saray-Komar see Panj
São Lourenço do Sul (city, southern Brazil) : to Sarbinowo (village, western Poland) : to 1945
1944 São Lourenço German Zorndorf
São Luís (city, northeastern Brazil) : formerly Sardarabad see Armavir
São Luiz do Maranhão Sardarova Karakhana, imeni see Lenin
São Luiz de Cáceres see Cáceres Sardegna see Sardinia
São Luiz do Maranhão see São Luís Sardinia (island, western Mediterranean) : [Ital-
São Manuel see Eugenópolis ian Sardegna]
São Manuel do Mutum see Mutum Sarepta see (1) 3Krasnoarmeysk; (2) Tsrifin
São Mateus see (1) Jucás; (2) São Mateus do Sarh (city, southern Chad) : formerly French
Sul Fort-Archambault
 183 Schmiedeberg

Sark see Jersey Saybusch see Õywiec

Sarnia (city, Ontario, southeastern Canada) : to ®aydI’ see Saida
1836 Port Sarnia; originally The Rapids (The Sazanovka see Anan’evo
city is now officially Sarnia-Clearwater.) Sazonovo (town, western Russia) : to 1947 Belyye
Sarnia see Guernsey Kresty
Sarpan see Rota Sbeïtla (town, north central Tunisia) : Roman
Sarrebruck see Saarbrücken Sufetula
Sarq£aban see Khrisoupolis Scalabis see 1Santarém
ßarköy see Pirot Scaldis see Scheldt
Sars (town, western Russia) : to 1939 Sarsinsky Scamander see 2Menderes
1
Zavod Scarborough (city, Ontario, southeastern Can-
Sarsinsky Zavod see Sars ada) : to 1793 Glasgow (The city is now a bor-
Sartana (town, southeastern Ukraine) : 1946– ough of Metropolitan Toronto.)
2
1992 Prymors’ke (Russian Primorskoye) Scarborough (town, southern Tobago, Trinidad
Sarum see Salisbury and Tobago) : formerly Port Louis
ßärur (town, southwestern Azerbaijan) : 1964– Scardona see Skradin
1990 Russian Il’ichyovsk; to 1964 Norashen Scarpanto see Karpathos
Saryar see Khadzhi-Dimitrovo Schaarbeek see Schaerbeek
Sarykemer (village, southeastern Kazakhstan) : Schaerbeek (town, central Belgium) : Flemish
formerly Russian Mikhaylovka Schaarbeek (The town is now an industrial
Sarykol’ (town, northern Kazakhstan) : formerly suburb of Brussels.)
Russian Uritsky; earlier Uritskoye; to 1923 Rus- Schaff hausen (town, northern Switzerland) :
sian Vsekhsvyatskoye French Schaffhouse; Italian Sciaffusa
Sassmacken see ValdemIrpils Schaff house see Schaff hausen
Sátoraljaújhely see Slovenské Nové Mesto Scharfenwiese see Ostroù dka
Satpayev (town, central Kazakhstan) : formerly Scharnikau see Czarnków
Russian Nikol’sky Schässburg see Sighi£oara
Satu Mare (city, northwestern Romania) : to Schatzlar see ≥ aclé†
1867, 1940–1944 Hungarian Szatmárnémeti Schefferville (village, Newfoundland and Labra-
Sauce see Juan Lacaze dor, eastern Canada) : to 1955 Knob Lake
Sauce del Yí (town, south central Uruguay) : to Schelde see Scheldt
1924 Spanish Pueblo de la Capilla Scheldt (river, western Europe) : French Escaut;
Saudakent (village, southern Kazakhstan) : for- Flemish Schelde; Roman Scaldis
merly Baykadam Schemnitz see Banská ¶tiavnica
Saúde see Perdigão Scherpenheuvel (town, east central Belgium) :
Saudi Arabia (kingdom, southwestern Asia) : French Montaigu
[Arabic Al ‘Arabnyah as-Sa‘¨dnyah] Schieratz see Sieradz
Saugeen see Southampton Schildberg see Ostrzeszów
Saugus see Lynn Schippenbeil see Sdpolno Kraiüskie
Saujbulagh see Mahabad Schirwindt see Kutuzovo
Saumalkol’ (town, northern Kazakhstan) : for- Schivelbein see ¡widwin
merly Russian Volodarskoye Schlan see Slanï
Saurimo (town, northeastern Angola) : formerly Schlawa see Sùawa
Portuguese Vila Henrique de Carvalho Schlawe see Sùawno
Saverne (town, northeastern France) : Roman Schlesien see Silesia
Tres Tabernae Schlesiersee see Sùawa
Savoie see Savoy Schlesisch-Schumbarg see Haví†ov
Savoy (region, southeastern France) : [French Schlettstadt see Sélestat
Savoie] Schlichtingsheim see Szlichtyngowa
Saxony (region, southeastern Germany) : [Ger- Schlochau see Czùuchów
man Sachsen] Schloppe see Czùopa
Sayanogorsk (city, southern Russia) : to 1975 Schlossbach see Nevskoye
Oznachennoye Schlossberg see Dobrovol’sk
Sayasan (village, southwestern Russia) : 1944– Schluckenau see ¶luknov
c.1957 Ritlyab Schlüsselburg see Shlissel’burg
Saybrook see Deep River Schmiedeberg see Kowary
Schmiegel 184

Schmiegel see ¡migiel from the Firth of Forth in the east to the Firth
Schneidemühl see Piùa of Clyde in the west, although it was also
Schömberg see Cheùmsko ¡lRskie sometimes used for the whole of northern
Schönau see ¡wierzawa Britain. The name is present today in the
Schönberg see Sulików Caledonian Canal, which extends diagonally
Schöneck see Skarszewy across northern Scotland from the Moray Firth
Schönlanke see Trzcianka in the northeast to Loch Linnhe in the south-
Schönstein see ¶o§tanj west, while traces of the classical name survive
Schreckenstein see St†ekov in the town of Dunkeld and nearby castle Ro-
Schreiberhau see Sklarska Pordba hallion, northwest of Perth, and the mountain
Schrimm see ¡rem Schiehallion, near Kinloch Rannoch. See also
Schroda see ¡roda Wielkopolska New Caledonia. The Medieval Latin name is
Schröttersburg see Pùock preserved in that of Nova Scotia, Canada.)
Schubin see Szubin Scottish Borders (administrative region, south-
Schwaben see Swabia eastern Scotland) : to 1996 Borders
Schwanenburg see Gulbene Scott’s Plains see 1Peterborough
Schwarzheide (town, eastern Germany) : to 1936 Scranton (city, Pennsylvania, northeastern
Wendish Zschornegosda (The Wendish name, United States) : 1850–1851 Scrantonia; 1845–
in modern form Torny Hózd, was translated 1850 Harrison; to 1845 Slocum Hollow; earlier
into German in 1936 and the original village, Unionville; originally Deep Hollow
which grew in the 1920s into a dormitory for Scrantonia see Scranton
workers at Lauchhammer and in the lignite Scratching River see Morris
mines near Senftenberg, was raised to town Scugog Village see Port Perry
status in 1967.) Scutari see (1) Shkodër; (2) Üsküdar
Schwarzwald see Black Forest Scylacium see Squillace
Schwarzwasser see Czarna Woda Scythopolis see Bet She’an
Schweidnitz see ¡widnica Seabra see Tarauacá
Schweiz see Switzerland Sea Mills (village, southwestern England) :
Schwerin an der Warte see Skwierzyna Roman Abona (The Roman name is that of the
Schwetz see ¡wiecie Avon River here. Sea Mills is now a district of
Schwiebus see ¡wiebodzin Bristol.)
Sciaffusa see Schaff hausen Sea of : for names beginning thus, see the next
Scilly Island see 2Manuae word, as Azov, Sea of
Scilly Isles (southwestern England) : Roman Searcy (town, Arkansas, south central United
Silina; ancient Greek Cassiterides (The form of States) : to 1835 White Sulphur Springs
the Roman name is conjectural, and an alter- Sebastea see Sivas
nate form, Silimnus, recorded by Pliny, is al- Sebastopol see Sevastopol’
most certainly corrupt. The Greek name, Sebastopolis see Sokhumi
meaning “tin islands,” from Greek kassiteros, Sebenico see ¶ibenik
“tin,” is usually applied to the Scillies but may Sebe£ (town, central Romania) : to 1918 Hungar-
have had a more general reference to lands in ian Szászsebes; to 1867 German Mühlbach
western Europe where tin was mined.) Sechenovo (village, western Russia) : to 1945
¡cinawa (town, southwestern Poland) : to 1945 Tyoply Stan
German Steinau an der Oder Seckenburg see Zapovednoye
Scitis see Skye Second Crossing see Revelstoke
Scodra see Shkodër Sedalia (town, Missouri, central United States) :
Scone (town, New South Wales, southwestern originally Sedville
Australia) : originally Invermein SedlVany (town, west central Czech Republic) :
Scoresbysund see Ittoqqortoormiit to 1918, 1939–1945 German Seltschan
Scotia see Scotland Sedlets see Siedlce
Scotland (country, northern Great Britain) : Sedovo see Syedove
Gaelic Alba; Medieval Latin Scotia; Roman Sedunum see Sion
Caledonia (The Gaelic name is related to Al- Sedville see Sedalia
bion as an ancient name of Britain as a whole. Seeburg see Jeziorany
The Roman name, also spelled Calidonia, ap- Seelowitz see ≥ idlochovice
plied generally to Scotland north of a line Segaon see Sevagram
 185 Sergiyev Posad

Segeberg see Bad Segeberg Senhor do Bonfim (city, eastern Brazil) : to 1944
Segedunum see Wallsend Bonfim
Segelocum see Littleborough Senica (city, western Slovakia) : to 1918 Hungar-
Segesvár see Sighi£oara ian Szenic
Segewold see Sigulda Senigallia (city, central Italy) : Roman Sena Gal-
Segni (town, western Italy) : Roman Signia lica
Segodunum see Rodez Senir see Hermon, Mt.
Segontium see Caernarfon Senj (town, western Croatia) : to 1918 German
Segovia see Coco Zengg
Seguntia see Sigüenza Senneterre (town, Quebec, southeastern Can-
Seibersdorf see Zebrzydowice Dolne ada) : to 1918 Nottaway
Seidenberg see Zawidów Sennybridge (village, south central Wales) :
Seine (river, northern France) : Roman Sequana Welsh Pontsenni
Seine-Inférieure see Seine-Maritime Sens (town, north central France) : Roman
Seine-Maritime (department, northern France) : Agedincum
to 1955 Seine-Inférieure Sensburg see MrRgowo
Seis de Septiembre see Morón Senta (city, northern Serbia) : to 1918, 1941–1944
Seitenberg see Stronie ¡lRskie Hungarian Zenta
Seitler see Nyzhn’ohirs’kyy ¶entilj (village, northeastern Slovenia) : to 1918,
Sejny (town, northeastern Poland) : to 1915 Rus- 1941–1945 German Sankt Ilgen
sian Seyny Sentosa (island, southern Singapore) : to 1970
Seldzhikovo see Kaloyanovo Blakang Mati
Sélestat (town, northeastern France) : 1870–1918 Sentyanivka see 2Frunze
German Schlettstadt Sentyanovka see 2Frunze
Seleznevsky Rudnik see Pereval’s’k Sdpólno Krajeüskie (town, northwestern
Seleznivs’kyy Rudnyk see Pereval’s’k Poland) : 1772–1919, 1939–1945 German Zem-
Sellafield (village, northwestern England) : to pelburg
1971 Windscale (Both names are associated Sepopol (village, northeastern Poland) : to 1945
with the nuclear power station and reprocess- German Schippenbeil
ing plant here.) Sepsiszentgyörgy see Sfîntu Gheorghe
Selma (town, Alabama, southeastern United Septemvri (town, west central Bulgaria) : to 1950
States) : to c.1819 Moore’s Bluff Saran≠ovo; to 1878 Turkish Saranbey
Selmecbánya see Banská ¶tiavnica Sept-Îles (city, Quebec, eastern Canada) : alter-
Seltschan see SedlVany nate English Seven Islands
Selukwe see Shurugwi Sequana see Seine
Selvi see Sevlievo Seradz see Sieradz
Semey (city, northeastern Kazakhstan) : to 1991 Serafimovich (town, southwestern Russia) : to
Semipalatinsk 1933 Ust’-Medveditskaya
Semibratovo (town, western Russia) : to 1948 Serbia (republic, southeastern Europe) : [Serbian
Isady Srbija]; formerly English Servia
Semil see Semily Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes, Kingdom of see
Semily (town, northern Czech Republic) : to Yugoslavia
1918, 1939–1945 German Semil Serdica see Sofia
Semiozyornoye see Auliyekol’ Serdobol’ see Sortavala
Semipalatinsk see Semey Serebryanyye Prudy (town, western Russia) : to
Sem’ Kolodezey see Lenine c.1928 Sergiyevy Prudy
Semlin see Zemun Sereda see Furmanov
Semyonovka see Arsenyev Serendip see Sri Lanka
Semyonovskoye see (1) Bereznik; (2) Ostrov- Seres see Serres
skoye Sereth see Siret
Sena Gallica see Senigallia Serfice see Servia
Sena Julia see Siena Sergiopol’ see Ayagoz
Senaki (town, western Georgia) : 1976–1991 Sergiyev see Sergiyev Posad
Tskhakaya; 1933–1976 Mikha Tskhakaya Sergiyev Posad (city, western Russia) : 1930–1991
Seneca see West Seneca Zagorsk; 1919–1930 Sergiyev; to 1918 Sergiyevsky
Senftenberg see ≥ amberk Posad
Sergiyevskoye 186

Sergiyevskoye see Plavsk sia) : occasional alternate English North Land;

Sergiyevsky see Fakel to 1926 Russian Zemlya Imperatora Nikolaya II
Sergiyevsky Posad see Sergiyev Posad (English Nicholas II Land)
Sergiyevy Prudy see Serebryanyye Prudy Severnoye (village, western Russia) : formerly
Sergo see Stakhanov Sok-Karmala
Serov (city, west central Russia) : 1938–1939 Severn Sea see Bristol Channel
Nadezhdinsk; 1935–1939 Kabakovsk; Severny Rudnik see Kirove
1934–1935 Nadezhdinsk; to 1934 Nadezhdinsky Severny Suchan see Uglekamensk
Zavod Severodonetsk see Syeverodonets’k
Serpa Pinto see Menongue Severodvinsk (city, northwestern Russia) :
Serpets see Sierpc 1938–1957 Molotovsk; to 1938 Sudostroy
Serra Alta see São Bento do Sul Severo-Kuril’sk (town, eastern Russia) :
Serra Branca (town, eastern Brazil) : 1944–1948 1905–1945 Japanese Kashiwabara
Itamorotinga Severomorsk (city, northwestern Russia) : to
Serramazzoni (village, north central Italy) : to 1951 Vayenga
1948 Monfestino in Serra Mazzoni Severoural’sk (town, western Russia) : to 1944
Serra Negra see Serra Negra do Norte Petropavlovsky (The mining town arose in 1944
Serra Negra do Norte (town, northeastern on the union of Petropavlovsky with Sever-
Brazil) : to 1944 Serra Negra oural’skiye Boksitovyye Rudniki, “Northern
Serra Talhada (city, northeastern Brazil) : to Urals Bauxite Mines,” taking its name from
1939 Villa Bella the latter.)
Serravalle Libarna see Serravalle Scrivia Seversk see Sivers’k
Serravalle Scrivia (village, northern Italy) : for- Sevilla see Seville
merly Serravalle Libarna Seville (city, southwestern Spain) : [Spanish
Serres (city, northeastern Greece) : to 1913 Turk- Sevilla]; Roman Hispalis
ish Seres Sevlievo (town, northern Bulgaria) : to 1878
Serrinha see Juripiranga Turkish Selvi
Sertânia (city, northeastern Brazil) : to 1944 Por- Sevlu§ see Vynohradiv
tuguese Alagoa de Baixo Sevlyush see Vynohradiv
Sertãozinho see Major Isidoro Seydi (town, northeastern Turkmenistan) : for-
Servia (town, north central Greece) : to 1913 merly Russian Neftezavodsk
Turkish Serfice Seymour (town, Connecticut, northeastern
Servia see Serbia United States) : 1805–1850 Humphreyville;
Sesana see Se±ana 1735–1805 Chusetown; 1670–1735 Rimmon;
Sessa Aurunca (town, central Italy) : Roman originally Naugatuck
Suessa Aurunca Seyny see Sejny
Sessions’ Settlement see Bountiful Se±ana (town, southwestern Slovenia) : to 1947
Sète (town, southern France) : to 1936 Cette Italian Sesana
Seti see Mestia Sfax (city, eastern Tunisia) : [Arabic ®afIqis]
Seto-naikai see Inland Sea Sfîntu Gheorghe (city, central Romania) : to
Sevagram (town, west central India) : to 1940 1918, 1940–1945 Hungarian Sepsiszentg yörg y
Segaon ’s-Gravenbrakel see Braine-le-Comte
Sevan (town, central Armenia) : to c.1935 Rus- ’s-Gravenhage see Hague, The
sian Yelenovka Shaanxi (province, east central China) : alternate
Sevastopol’ (city, southern Ukraine) : formerly Shensi (The first syllables of this name and that
English Sebastopol (The English name is his- of the neighboring province of Shanxi sound
torically associated with the siege of the town identical in Chinese except in tone. Hence the
in 1854–55 during the Crimean War and with arbitrary alteration of a to e in the alternate
the Soviet stand against German forces here in spelling and the doubling of a in the standard
1942 during World War II.) Pinyin transliteration.)
Seven Islands see Sept-Îles Shaarihan see Shahrihon
Seven Sisters (village, southern Wales) : Welsh Shaba see Katanga
Blaendulais Shabalino see 1Leninskoye
Severn (river, southern Wales/western England) : Shabani see Zvishavani
Welsh Hafren; Roman Sabrina Shabbaz see Beruniy
Severnaya Zemlya (archipelago, northern Rus- Shade’s Mills see Galt
 187 Sheppard’s Fall

Shafirkan see Shofirkon Shaumyan see Shaumiani

ShIhIbId see EslImIbId-e Gharb Shaumyanovsk see Goranboy
Sha∏∏It (village, northeastern Libya) : ancient Shavgar see Turkestan
Greek and biblical Cyrene Shavli see ¶iauliai
Shahi see Gha’em Shahr Shawnee (city, Kansas, central United States) :
Shahjahanabad see Delhi originally Gum Springs
Shahpur see Salmas Shaytansky Zavod see Pervoural’sk
Shahreza see Qomsheh Shcheglovsk see Kemerovo
Shahrihon (town, eastern Uzbekistan) : (Russian Shcherbakov see Rybinsk
Shakhrikhan); 1961–1970 Russian Moskovsky; Shcherbinovka see 1Dzerzhyns’k
c.1940–1961 Russian Stalino; 1937–c.1940 Rus- Shcherbynivka see 2Dzerzhyns’k
sian imeni Stalina; to 1937 Shaarikhan Shchors (town, northern Ukraine) : to 1935
Shahsavar see Tonekabon Snovsk
Shaidan (town, northern Tajikistan) : to 1945 Asht Shchorsk see Shorchs’k
Shakhimardan see Hamza Shchors’k (town, east central Ukraine) : (Russian
Shakhrikhan see Shahrihon Shchorsk); to 1939 Bozhedarivka (Russian
Shakhtars’k (town, eastern Ukraine) : (Russian Bozhedarovka)
Shakhtyorsk); 1945–1953 Katyk (The town was Shchuchin see (1) Shchuchyn; (2) Szczuczyn
formed in 1953 on the merger of Oleksiyeve- Shchuchinsk (city, northern Kazakhstan) : to
Orlivka [Russian Alekseyevo-Orlovka], Katyk 1939 Russian Shchuch’ye
[to 1945 Russian Zapadno-Gruppsky], and Shchuch’ye see Shchuchinsk
Olkhivchyk [Russian Ol’khovchik].) Shchuchyn (town, western Belarus) : (Russian
Shakhtars’ke see 1Pershotravens’k Shchuchin); 1919–1939 Polish Szczuczyn
Shakhty (city, southwestern Russia) : to 1920 Nowogródski; to 1918 Russian Shchuchin
Aleksandrovsk-Grushevsky Shchuchyn see Szczuczyn
Shakhty see Gusinoozersk Shebunino (town, eastern Russia) : 1905–1945
Shakhtyorsk (town, eastern Russia) : 1905–1945 Japanese Minami-nayoshi
Japanese Toro Shechem see NIblus
Shakhtyorsk see Shakhtars’k Sheen see 1Richmond
Shakhtyorskoye see 1Pershotravens’k Sheep Mountain see Coolidge, Mt.
Shaki see ¶akiai Sheki see ßäki
Shakotan see Malokurilskoye Sheksna (town, western Russia) : formerly
Shakyay see ¶akiai Nikol’skoye
1
Shali (town, southwestern Russia) : 1944–1957 Shelburne (town, Ontario, southeastern
Mezhdurech’ye Canada) : to 1865 Jelly’s Corner
2
Shamkhor see ßämkir Shelburne (town, Nova Scotia, eastern Can-
Shamo see Gobi ada) : 1713–1783 Port Roseway; to 1713 Port Ra-
Shamva (town, northeastern Zimbabwe) : for- zoir
merly Abercorn Shelekhovo (village, eastern Russia) : 1905–1945
Shana see Kurilsk Japanese Kakumabetsu
Shangdu (town, northern China) : formerly po- Shell Beach see Huntington Beach
etic Xanadu Shelter Bay see Port-Cartier
Shansi see Shanxi Shelton (town, Connecticut, northeastern
Shanxi (province, east central China) : alternate United States) : to 1789 Ripton
Shansi (See the comments for Shaanxi.) Shëngjin (town, northwestern Albania) : for-
Sharapkino see Sverdlovs’k merly Italian San Giovanni di Medua
Sharapkyne see Sverdlovs’k Shensi see Shaanxi
Sharjah see Ash ShIriqah Shenyang (city, northeastern China) : formerly
Sharypovo (town, southern Russia) : 1985–1988 Manchu Mukden (The Manchu name is asso-
Chernenko ciated with the 1931 “Mukden Incident,” when
Shatilki see Svyetlahorsk the Japanese army used an explosion on the
Shatura (city, western Russia) : to 1928 Shatur- railroad near Shenyang as an excuse to occupy
torf the city and the rest of Manchuria.)
Shaturtorf see Shatura Shepherdstown (town, West Virginia, east cen-
Shaumiani (town, southern Georgia) : tral United States) : to 1798 Mecklenburg
1925–1936 Shaumyan; to 1925 Shulaveri Sheppard’s Fall see Almonte
Shepparton 188

Shepparton (town, Victoria, southeastern Aus- Salop (The alternate name was official for the
tralia) : 1853–1855 Sheppartown; to 1853 county from 1974 to 1980.)
Macguire’s Punt. Shtefan Vode see ßtefan VodQ
Sheppartown see Shepparton Shterivs’ke see Petrovs’ke
’s-Hertogenbosch (city, southern Netherlands) : Shterovskoye see Petrovs’ke
commonly Den Bosch; 1794–1814 French Bois- Shulaveri see Shaumiani
le-Duc Shul’mak see Navabad
Shetland (island group, northern Scotland) : al- Shumanay (town, western Uzbekistan) : to 1950
ternate Zetland Taza-Bazar
Shevchenko (town, eastern Ukraine) : to 1921 Shumen (city, northeastern Bulgaria) : 1950–
Lysa Hora (Russian Lysaya Gora) 1965 Kolarovgrad
Shevchenko see Aktau Shumnu Bokhchalar see Kaolinovo
1
Shevchenkove (town, northeastern Ukraine) : Shurugwi (town, central Zimbabwe) : to 1982
(Russian Shevchenkovo); to 1922 Bulatselivka Selukwe
(Russian Bulatselovka) Shushan see Susa
2
Shevchenkove (town, central Ukraine) : (Rus- Shvenchyonelyay see ¶venVioncliai
sian Shevchenkovo); to 1929 Kyrylivka (Russian Shvenchyonis see ¶venVionys
Kirillovka) Shwebo (town, north central Myanmar) : to
Shevchenkove see Dolyns’ka c.1753 Moksobomyo
Shevchenkovo see (1) Dolyns’ke; (2) Shyaulyay see ¶iauliai
1,2
Shevchenkove Shykyrlykytay see Suvorove
Shexian (city, eastern China) : to 1912 Huicheng Shymkent (town, southern Kazakhstan) : to 1991
Shibboleth see Mason City Russian Chimkent
Shibetoro see Slavnoye Shyrokolanivka (village, southern Ukraine) :
Shikhirdany see 1Chkalovskoye (Russian Shirokolanovka); c.1935–1945 imeny
Shikhrany see Kanash Karla Libknekhta (Russian imeni Karla
Shikirlikitai see Suvorove Libknekhta); to c.1935 Landau
Shikuka see Poronaysk Siam see Thailand
Shilute see ¶ilute Sianów (town, northwestern Poland) : to 1945
Shimba see Dachnoye German Zanow
Ship Harbour see Port Hawkesbury ¶iauliai (city, northern Lithuania) : (Russian
Shiraura see 2Vzmor’ye Shyaulyay); to 1918 Russian Shavli
Shirenewton (village, southeastern Wales) : Siazan’ see Siyäzän
Welsh Drenewedd Gelli-farch Sibari (village, southern Italy) : ancient Greek
Shiritoru see Makarov Thurii; earlier ancient Greek Sybaris (The vil-
Shirley City see Woodburn lage is now part of the town of Cassano allo
Shirokolanovka see Shyrokolanivka Ionio. Its original Greek name gave English
Shkodër (city, northwestern Albania) : formerly sybaritic, from the wealth and luxury of the
Italian Scutari; to 1913 Turkish j£kodra; Roman city’s inhabitants.)
Scodra ¶ibenik (town, southern Croatia) : to 1943 Ital-
Shlissel’burg (town, western Russia) : 1944–1991 ian Sebenico
Petrokrepost’; 1702–1944 German Schlüsselburg; Siberia (region, eastern Russia) : [Russian Sibir’]
1612–1702 Swedish Nöteborg; to 1612 Russian Sibir’ see Siberia
Oreshek Sibirsky see Nazyvayevsk
Shmakivs’kyy Rudnyk see Pokrovs’ke Sibirtsevo (town, southeastern Russia) : to 1972
Shmakovsky Rudnik see Pokrovs’ke Manzovka
Shofirkon (town, central Uzbekistan) : (Russian Sibiu (city, central Romania) : to 1918 Hun-
Shafirkan); c.1935–1937 Bauman; to c.1935 garian Nag yszeben; to 1867 German Hermann-
Khodzhaarif stadt
Sholkhi see 1Oktyabr’skoye Sicca Veneria see Le Kef
Shopokov (town, northern Kyrgyzstan) : to 1985 Sichelberg see Sierpc
Russian Krasnooktyabr’sky Sichirlichitai see Suvorove
Shpakovskoye (village, southwestern Russia) : Sicilia see Sicily
formerly Mikhaylovskoye Sicily (island, southern Italy) : [Italian Sicilia]
Shqipëri see Albania Sidi Akacha (village, northern Algeria) : to
Shropshire (county, western England) : alternate c.1962 French Montenotte
 189 Sinai, Mt.

Sidi Ali (village, northwestern Algeria) : to Hungarian Segesvár; to 1867 German Schäss-
c.1962 French Cassaigne burg
Sidi Ali Ben Youb (village, northwestern Alge- Signia see Segni
ria) : to c.1962 French Chanzy Sigüenza (town, central Spain) : Roman Seguntia
Sidi Ali Boussidi (village, northwestern Algeria) Sigulda (town, north central Latvia) : to 1017
: to c.1962 French Parmentier German Segewold
Sidi Allal Bahraoui (village, northwestern Mo- Sihanoukville (city, southern Cambodia) : for-
rocco) : formerly French Monod merly Kompong Som
Sidi Bel Attar (village, northwestern Algeria) : to Silberberg see Srebrna Góra
c.1962 French Pont du Chéliff Silchester (village, southern England) : Roman
Sidi Ben Adda (village, northwestern Algeria) : Calleva Atrebatum
to c.1962 French Trois-Marabouts Silesia (region, southwestern Poland/northern
Sidi Ben Yekba (village, northwestern Algeria) : Czech Republic/southeastern Germany) :
to c.1962 French Kléber [German Schlesien] (Most of Silesia is today in
Sidi Brahim (village, northwestern Algeria) : to Poland, but the German name remains current
c.1962 French Prudhon as the region was formerly in Germany.)
Sidi el Abed (village, northwestern Morocco) : Sili see Sully
formerly French Plage des Contrebandiers Silia Hermia see Covilhã
Sidi Ghiles (village, northern Algeria) : to c.1962 Silina see Scilly Isles
French Novi Silistra (city, northeastern Bulgaria) : to 1878
Sidi Hamadouche (village, northwestern Alge- Turkish Silistre; Roman Durostorum
ria) : to c.1962 French Les Trembles Silistre see Silistra
Sidi Kacem (city, northern Morocco) : formerly Sillein see ≥ ilina
French Petitjean ¶ilutc (city, western Lithuania) : (Russian
Sidi Khaled (village, northwestern Algeria) : to Shilute); 1921–1939, 1939–1945 German Hei-
c.1962 French Palissy dekrug (Both German and Lithuanian names
Sidi Lahssen (village, northwestern Algeria) : to were in official use from 1821 to 1939.)
c.1962 French Détrie Silva Jardim (town, southeastern Brazil) : to
Sidi Lakhdar (village, northern Algeria) : to 1943 Capivari
c.1962 French Lavarande Silvan (town, eastern Turkey) : ancient Greek
Sidi Mohammed Ben Ali (village, northern Al- Martyropolis; originally ancient Greek Tigra-
geria) : to c.1962 French Renault nocerta
Sidi Rafa (village, northern Libya) : formerly Silvânia (town, central Brazil) : to 1944 Bonfim
Italian Beda Littoria Silva Porto see Kuito
Sidirókastro (town, northeastern Greece) : to Silver City (town, New Mexico, southwestern
1913 Turkish Demirhisar United States) : to 1876 Spanish San Vincente
Sidon see Saida de la Ciénaga
Siebenbürgen see Transylvania Sim (town, west central Russia) : to c.1928 Sim-
Siedlce (town, east central Poland) : to 1915 Rus- sky Zavod
sian Sedlets Simão Dias (city, northeastern Brazil) : to 1944
Siemianowice ¡lRskie (city, southern Poland) : Anápolis
1939–1945 German Laurahütte Simbirsk (city, western Russia) : 1924–1991
Siena (city, central Italy) : Roman Sena Julia Ul’yanovsk
Sieradz (town, central Poland) : 1949–1945 Ger- Simeonovgrad (town, south central Bulgaria) :
man Schieratz; to 1915 Russian Seradz 1945–1989 Maritsa; to 1945 Zlaten Dol (The
Sieraków (town, western Poland) : 1939–1945 town arose in 1933 on the union of two vil-
German Zirke lages either side of the Maritsa River.)
Sierpc (town, north central Poland) : 1940–1945 Simferopol’ (city, southern Ukraine) : to 1783
German Sichelberg; to 1915 Russian Serpets Ak-Mechet’
Sifton see Lemberg Sim Kolodyaziv see Lenine
Sig (town, northwestern Algeria) : to c.1962 ¶imonovany see Partizánske
French St.-Denis-du-Sig Simsky Zavod see Sim
Sighetu-Marma´iei (city, northern Romania) : Simson’s Ranges see Maryborough
to 1918, 1940–1944 Hungarian Mára- Sin see Tell el-Farama
marossziget; to 1867 German Marmaroschsiget Sinai, Mt. (northeastern Egypt) : alternate Gebel
Sighi£oara (town, central Romania) : to 1918 Musa; biblical Mt. Horeb
Sinclair 190

Sinclair (village, Wyoming, west central United Sisak (town, northern Croatia) : to 1867 German
States) : to 1943 Parco Sissek
Sinegorsk (town, eastern Russia) : 1905–1945 Sissek see Sisak
Japanese Kawakami Sisson see Mount Shasta
Sinel’nikovo see Synel’nykove Sitka (city, Alaska, northwestern United States) :
Sîngerai (village, north central Moldova) : for- to 1867 Novoarkhangelsk
merly Russian Lazovsk Sitniki (town, western Russia) : to 1946 Kozlikha
Singidunum see Belgrade Sitten see Sion
Singleton (town, New South Wales, southeastern Sittwe (city, western Myanmar) : formerly Akyab
Australia) : to 1822 St. Patrick’s Plain Sivas (city, central Turkey) : Roman Sebastea
Sing Sing see Ossining Sivashskoye see Syvas’ke
Sinkiang Uighur see Xinjiang Uygur Sivers’k (town, eastern Ukraine) : (Russian Sev-
Sinop (town, northern Turkey) : ancient Greek ersk); to 1973 Yama
Sinope (The classical name is associated with Siyäzän (town, northeastern Azerbaijan) : (Rus-
the Russian naval victory over the Turks in sian Siazan’); to 1954 Kyzyl-Burun
1853 during the Russo-Turkish War, an event Siyut-Dzheret see Pryazovs’ke
leading to the Crimean War of 1854–56.) Sizebolu see Sozopol
Sinoya see Chinhoyi Sjælland (island, eastern Denmark) : formerly
Sint-Andries (village, northwestern Belgium) : English Zealand (The English form of the
French St.-André name lies behind that of New Zealand.)
Sint-Gillis see St.-Gilles Skalica (town, western Slovakia) : to 1918 Hun-
Sint-Gillis-bij-Dendermonde (village, northern garian Szakolca; to 1867 German Skalitz
Belgium) : French St.-Gilles-lez-Termonde Skalitz see Skalica
Sint-Gillis-Waas (town, northern Belgium) : Skanderoon see jskenderun
French St.-Gilles-Waas Skarszewy (town, northern Poland) : to 1945
Sint-Jans-Molenbeek see Molenbeek-St.-Jean German Schöneck
Sint-Katelijne-Waver (town, northern Belgium) Skawina (town, southern Poland) : 1940–1945
: French Wavre-Ste.-Catherine German Konradshof
Sint-Niklaas (town, northern Belgium) : French Skea’s Corners see Oshawa
St.-Nicolas Skenfrith (village, southeastern Wales) : Welsh
Sintra (city, western Portugal) : formerly mostly Ynysg ynwraidd
Cintra Skernevitsy see Skierniewice
Sint-Truiden (town, east central Belgium) : Skerries (town, eastern Ireland) : Irish Na Sceirí
French St.-Trond Skerries, The (island, northwestern Wales) :
Sinus Arabicus see Red Sea Welsh Ynysoedd y Moelrhoniaid (The island
Sinus Gallicus see Lion, Golfe du comprises a number of interconnecting rocks.
Sinus Persicus see Persian Gulf Hence its plural English and Welsh names.)
Sion (town, southwestern Switzerland) : German Skibbereen (town, southwestern Ireland) : Irish
Sitten; Roman Sedunum An Sciobairín
Sioux City (city, Iowa, north central United Skierniewice (town, east central Poland) : to
States) : to 1857 Thompsonville 1915 Russian Skernevitsy
Sipolilo see Guruve Skikda (city, northeastern Algeria) : to c.1962
Siponzh see Bartang French Philippeville
Siqueira Campos (town, southern Brazil) : to Skit see Divnogorsk
c.1935 Colonia Mineira Skobelev see Farg’ona
Siqueira Campos see Guaçuí Skoczów (town, southern Poland) : to 1918,
Siracusa see Syracuse 1939–1945 German Skotschau
Sirdaryo (town, eastern Uzbekistan) : (Russian ¶kofja Loka (town, western Slovenia) : to 1918,
Syrdar’ya); formerly Russian Syrdar’insky; to 1941–1945 German Bischoflack
1947 Russian Syrnovorossiysk Skokie (village, Illinois, east central United
Siret (town, northern Romania) : to 1918 Ger- States) : to 1940 Niles Center
man Sereth Skópelos (island, eastern Greece) : ancient Greek
ßiria (village, western Romania) : to 1918 Hun- Peparethos
garian Világos Skopje (city, northern Macedonia) : 1913–1941
Sirion see Hermon, Mt. Serbian Skoplje; to 1913 Turkish Üsküb
Siris see Nova Siri Skoplje see Skopje
 191 Smidovich

Skotovataya see Verkhn’otorets’ke Sleptsovskaya (village, southwestern Russia) :

Skotschau see Skoczów formerly Ordzhonikidzevskaya
Skotuvata see Verkhn’otorets’ke Sligeach see Sligo
Skovorodino (town, southeastern Russia) : to Sligo (town, northwestern Ireland) : Irish
c.1940 Rukhlovo Sligeach
Skradin (village, southern Croatia) : to 1918, Sliven (city, east central Bulgaria) : to 1878 Turk-
1941–1944 Italian Scardona ish jslimie
Skuratovsky (town, western Russia) : to 1948 Sloboda see Ezhva
Yuzhny Slobodskoye see Chaplygin
Skwierzyna (town, western Poland) : 1793–1807, Slocum Hollow see Scranton
1815–1945 German Schwerin an der Warte Slomikhino see Zhalpaktal
Skye (island, northwestern Scotland) : Roman Slonim (city, western Belarus) : 1913–1939 Polish
Scitis Sùonim
Slane (town, eastern Ireland) : Irish Baile Shláine Sùonim see Slonim
Slanï (town, west central Czech Republic) : to Sùoüsk (town, western Poland) : to 1945 German
1918, 1939–1945 German Schlan Sonnenburg
Slaughter see 2Auburn Slovakia (republic, central Europe) : [Slovak
Slavgorod see Slawharad Slovensko] (The country was formed in 1993
Slavkov u Brna (town, eastern Czech Republic) : from the eastern part of Czechoslovakia, the
to 1918, 1939–1945 German Austerlitz (The western part becoming the Czech Republic.)
German name is noted for the battle of 1805 Slovenia (republic, southeastern Europe) :
in which the French defeated the combined [Slovene Slovenija]
Russian and Austrian forces.) Slovenija see Slovenia
Slavnoye (village, eastern Russia) : 1905–1945 Slovenj Gradec (town, northern Slovenia) : to
Japanese Shibetoro 1918, 1941–1945 German Windischgrätz
Slavonia (region, northern Croatia) : [Serbo- Slovenské Nové Mesto (town, southeastern Slo-
Croat Slavonija] vakia) : to 1918, 1938–1945 Hungarian Sátoral-
Slavonija see Slavonia jaújhely (The town lies in two communities ei-
Slavonska Po±ega see Po±ega ther side of the border with Hungary, here
Slavonski Brod (city, eastern Croatia) : to 1867 formed by the Sátor River. The Hungarian
German Brod town, bearing the old Hungarian name, is
Slavsk (town, western Russia) : to 1945 German known to the Slovaks as Nové Mesto nad
Heinrichswalde ¶atorom. Both of these names mean “new town
Slavskoye (village, western Russia) : to 1945 on the Sátor,” while the name of the Slovakian
German Kreuzberg community means “Slovakian new town.”)
Slavyanka see Myrzakent Slovensko see Slovakia
Slavyanogorsk see Slov’yanohirs’k Slovenskï Meder see Palárikovo
Slavyanovo (town, northern Bulgaria) : to 1934 Slov’yanohirs’k (town, eastern Ukraine) : (Rus-
Turski Tr≠stenik sian Slavyanogorsk); to 1964 Banivs’ke (Russian
Slavyansk see Slov’yans’k Bannovsky)
Slavyanskaya see Slavyansk-na-Kubani Slov’yans’k (city, eastern Ukraine) : (Russian
Slavyansk-na-Kubani (city, southwestern Rus- Slavyansk)
sia) : to 1958 Slavyanskaya ¶luknov (town, northern Czech Republic) : to
Sùawa (town, western Poland) : 1937–1945 Ger- 1918, 1939–1945 German Schluckenau
man Schlesiersee; to 1937 German Schlawa Sùupca (town, west central Poland) : 1940–1945
Slawentzitz see Sùawidcice German Slupka; to 1915 Russian Sluptsy
Slawharad (town, eastern Belarus) : (Russian Slupka see Sùupca
Slavgorod); to 1945 Propoysk Sùupsk (city, northern Poland) : to 1945 German
Sùawidcice (village, southern Poland) : c.1935– Stolp
1945 German Ehrenforst; to c.1935 German Sluptsy see Sùupca
Slawentzitz Slutsk see Pavlovsk
Sùawno (town, northwestern Poland) : to 1945 Smaldeel see Theunissen
German Schlawe Smarhon’ (town, northwestern Belarus) : (Rus-
Sleepy Hollow (village, New York, northeastern sian Smorgon’); 1919–1939 Polish Smorgonie; to
United States) : 1874–1996 North Tarrytown; 1918 Russian Smorgon
originally Beekmanton Smidovich (town, eastern Russia) : formerly In
Smigiel 192

¡migiel (town, western Poland) : 1793–1807, Södertälje (town, east central Sweden) : origi-
1815–1919, 1939–1945 German Schmiegel nally Tälje
Smirnenski (village, northeastern Bulgaria) : Sofia (city, west central Bulgaria) : [Bulgarian
1934–1950 Knyazheva Polyana; to 1934 Turkish Sofiya]; to 1878 Turkish Sofya; to 1376 Bulgar-
Bei-alan. ian Sredets; Roman Serdica
Smirnovo (town, northern Kazakhstan) : to 1973 Sofiya see Sofia
Smirnovsky Sofiyevka see (1) Karlo-Marksove; (2)
Smirnovsky see Smirnovo Vil’nyans’k
Smithfield see Olympia Sofiyevsky Rudnik see Karlo-Marksove
Smith Mountain see Palomar, Mt. Sofiyivka see (1) Karlo-Marksove; (2) Vil’n-
Smith’s Creek see Port Hope yans’k
Smith’s Crossroads see Dayton Sofiyivs’kyy Rudnyk see Karlo-Marksove
Smithton see 1Columbia Soflu see Soufli
Smithville (village, Ontario, southeastern Sofulu see Soufli
Canada) : formerly Griffintown Sofya see Sofia
Smithville see 2Richmond Sohrau see Õory
Smolyan (city, southern Bulgaria) : to 1934 Soignies (town, southwestern Belgium) : Flem-
Turkish Pashmakli ish Zinnik
Smorgon’ see Smarhon’ Soissons (city, northern France) : Roman Sues-
Smorgonie see Smarhon’ sionae
Smychka (town, western Russia) : to 1929 Ivan- Sokhumi (city, northwestern Georgia) : (Russian
ovskoye (The town is now part of Voloko- Sukhumi); 1848–1935 Russian Sukhum; 17th–
lamsk.) 19th century Turkish Sukhum-Kale; earlier
Smyrna (town, Delaware, northeastern United Tskhum; Roman Sebastopolis; ancient Greek
States) : to 1806 Duck Creek Cross Roads Dioscurias
Smyrna see jzmir Sok-Karmala see Severnoye
Snare Lakes see Wekwetì Sokol (town, eastern Russia) : 1905–1945 Japa-
Snegurovka see Tetiyiv nese Otani
Sne±nik (mountain, southern Slovenia) : 1919– Sokolka see Sokólka
1947 Italian Monte Nevoso Sokólka (town, northeastern Poland) : 1939–
¡niardwy (lake, northeastern Poland) : to 1945 1941 Belarussian Sakulka; to 1918 Russian
German Spirding Sokolka
¡niatyn see Snyatyn Sokolov (town, western Czech Republic) : 1945–
SnieVkus see Visaginas 1948 Falknov; to 1918, 1938–1945 German Fal-
Snina (town, eastern Slovakia) : to 1918 Hungar- kenau (The full former Czech and German
ian Szinna names were Falknov nad Oh†í and Falkenau an
Snovsk see Shchors der Eger, for the river here.)
Snowdon (mountain, northwestern Wales) : Sokuluk (town, northern Kyrgyzstan) : 1937–
Welsh Yr Wyddfa 1957 Kaganovich; to 1937 Russian Novotroits-
Snowdonia (mountain region, northwestern koye
Wales) : Welsh Eryri (The region centers on Solda (village, northern Italy) : to 1918 German
Snowdon.) Sulden
Snowdrift see úutselk’e ßoldQne£ti (town, northeastern Moldova) :
Snyatyn (town, western Ukraine) : to 1939 Pol- 1985–1988 Chernenko
ish ¡niatyn Soldatsky (town, northeastern Uzbekistan) : to
Sobidcin (town, southwestern Poland) : to 1945 c.1930 Yangi-Bazar
German Hermsdorf Soldau see Dziaùdowo
Sobinka (town, western Russia) : early 1920s Soldin see My¢libórz
Komavangard Soledade (town, northeastern Brazil) : 1944–
Sobótka (town, southwestern Poland) : to 1945 1948 Ibiapinópolis
German Zobten Soledade see Soledade de Minas
Sobradinho (town, southern Brazil) : to 1938 Soledade de Minas (town, southeastern Brazil) :
Jacuí 1944–1948 Ibatuba; to 1944 Soledade
Sobrance (town, eastern Slovakia) : to 1918, Soledar (town, eastern Ukraine) : 1961–1991
1939–1945 Hungarian Szobránc Karlo-Libknekhtivs’k (Russian Karlo-
Socorro see Fronteiras Libknekhtovsk); 1938–1965 imeny Karla
 193 Sousse

Libknekhta (Russian imeni Karla Libknekhta); Soroki); 1918–1940, 1941–1944 Romanian

early 1920s–1938 Rudnyk imeny Karla Lib- Soroca; to 1918 Russian Soroki
knekhta (Russian Rudnik imeni Karla Lib- Sorochinsk (town, southwestern Russia) : to
knekhta); to early 1920s Bryantsivs’kyy Rudnyk c.1935 Sorochinskoye
(Russian Bryantsovsky Rudnik) Sorochinskoye see Sorochinsk
Soletto see Solothurn Soroka see Belomorsk
Soleure see Solothurn Soroki see Soroca
Solfach see Solva Sorokino see Krasnodon
Soli see Pompeiopolis Sorokyne see Krasnodon
Soligorsk see Salihorsk Sorrento (town, southern Italy) : Roman Surren-
Sol’-Iletsk (town, southwestern Russia) : to 1945 tum
Iletsk; earlier Iletskaya Zashchita Sorsk (town, southern Russia) : formerly Dzer-
Solnechnogorsk (city, western Russia) : to 1938 zhinsky
Solnechnogorsky (The city was formed in 1928 Sortavala (city, northwestern Russia) : to 1918
from the merger of the villages of Solnechnaya Serdobol’ (The present name is Finnish.)
Gora and Podsolnechnoye.) Sorviodunum see Salisbury
Solnechnoye (town, western Russia) : to 1948 Sosnogorsk (town, northwestern Russia) : to
Finnish Ollila 1957 Izhma
Solnechny see Gorny Sosnove (town, northwestern Ukraine) : (Rus-
Solntsevo (town, western Russia) : formerly sian Sosnovoye); to 1946 Lyudvypil’ (Russian
Korovino Lyudvipol’)
Solonópole (town, northeastern Brazil) : to 1944 Sosnovitsy see Sosnowiec
Cachoeira Sosnovo (village, western Russia) : to 1948
Solothurn (town, northwestern Switzerland) : Finnish Rautu (The village was transferred
French Soleure; Italian Soletto from Finland to the USSR in 1940 but re-
Solva (village, southwestern Wales) : Welsh Sol- tained its Finnish name until 1948.)
fach Sosnovoborsk (town, western Russia) : to c.1940
Sombak’e see Yellowknife Litvino
Sombor (city, northwestern Serbia) : to 1918, Sosnovoye see Sosnove
1941–1944 Hungarian Zombor Sosnowiec (city, southern Poland) : 1940–1945
Somers Islands see Bermuda German Sosnowitz; to 1915 Russian Sosnovitsy
Somersworth (town, New Hampshire, north- Sosnowitz see Sosnowiec
eastern United States) : to 1893 Great Falls ¶o§tanj (village, northern Slovenia) : to 1918
Somerville (city, Massachusetts, northeastern German Schönstein
United States) : originally Cow Commons Sosva (town, west central Russia) : to 1938
Sommerfeld see Lubsko Sosvinsky Zavod
Somorja see ¶amorin Sosvinsky Zavod see Sosva
Sompallón see El Banco Sotsgorodok see Hirnyk
Son see Sonsky Sotshorodok see Hirnyk
Song Da see Black River Soudan see Sudan
Songjin see Kimch’aek Soufli (town, northeastern Greece) : to 1919 Bul-
Songnim (city, southwestern North Korea) : garian Soflu; to 1913 Turkish Sofulu
1910–1945 Kyŏmip’o Souk el Arba de l’Oued Beth (village, north-
Sonnenburg see Sùoüsk western Morocco) : formerly French Camp-
Sonsky (town, southern Russia) : to 1940 Son Bataille
1
Sopot (town, central Bulgaria) : 1950–1965 Souk Eltnine (village, northwestern Morocco) :
Vazovgrad formerly French Valgravé
2
Sopot (city, northern Poland) : 1772–1945 Ger- Souk Jemaâ Oulad Abbou (village, northwest-
man Zoppot ern Morocco) : formerly French Foucauld
Sopron (city, northwestern Hungary) : to 1921 Souk Tleta Loulad (village, northwestern Mo-
German Ödenburg rocco) : formerly French Venet-Ville
Sorau see Õary Sound, The see Øresund
Sord see Swords Soure see Caucaia
Sorel (town, Quebec, southeastern Canada) : Sour el Ghozlane (town, northern Algeria) : to
1787–1845 William Henry c.1962 French Aumale
Soroca (city, northern Moldova) : (Russian Sousse (city, northeastern Tunisia) : [Arabic
South Abington 194

S¨sI]; 6th century Roman Justinianopolis; 5th Sovetskaya (village, southwestern Russia) : for-
century Roman Hunericopolis, earlier Roman merly Urupskaya
Hadrumetum (The modern city should not be Sovetskaya Gavan’ (city, eastern Russia) : for-
confused with the ancient city of Susa in pres- merly Imperatorskaya Gavan’
1
ent-day Iran.) Sovetskoye (town, western Russia, near Engel’s)
South Abington wee Whitman : to 1941 Mariental
2
South Africa (republic, southern Africa) : [Afri- Sovetskoye (village, western Russia, near Bugu-
kaans Suid-Afrika] (There are various indige- ruslan) : formerly Mordovskaya Bokla
nous names for South Africa, one of the best- Sovetskoye see (1) Kashkatau; (2) Ketchenery;
known being Azania. The Dutch form of the (3) Khebda; (4) Zelenokumsk
name, Zuid-Afrika, gave ZA as the country’s Sovetsky (town, western Russia) : to 1948 Fin-
international vehicle registration.) nish Johannes (The town passed from Finland
South African Republic see Transvaal to the USSR in 1940 but retained its Finnish
Southampton (town, Ontario, southeastern name until 1948.)
Canada) : to 1895 Saugeen Sovetsky see Sovyets’kyy
South Bend (city, Indiana, east central United Soviet Union see Russia
States) : to 1830 Southold; earlier Big St. Joseph Sovyets’kyy (town, southern Ukraine) : (Russian
Station Sovetsky); to 1950 Ichki-Grammatikovo
South Danvers see Peabody Sozopol (city, eastern Bulgaria) : to 1878 Turkish
South-Eastern see Cross River Sizebolu; ancient Greek Apollonia (There were
Southern Ocean see Antarctic Ocean many ancient cities of the Greek name, the
Southern Rhodesia see Zimbabwe chief being in Illyria, where it was Caesar’s
South Floral Park (village, New York, north- headquarters during his assualt on Dyrrha-
eastern United States) : to 1931 Jamaica Square cium, now Dürres.)
South Holland (town, Illinois, north central Spaccaforno see Ispica
United States) : to 1870 Dutch De Laage Spain (kingdom, southwestern Europe) : [Span-
Prairie (The town is now a southern suburb of ish España]; Roman Hispania; alternate
Chicago.) Roman Iberia (The alternate Roman name
South Island (central and southern New Zea- survives in the name of the peninsula occupied
land) : Maori Te Waka a Maui; formerly Mid- by modern Spain and Portugal.)
dle Island (The Maori name, meaning “the Spalato see Split
canoe of Maui,” contrasts with those of North Spalatum see Split
Island and Stewart Island. South Island is still Spanish Guinea see Equatorial Guinea
colloquially known as “the Middle” for its lo- Spanish Netherlands see Belgium
cation between these two.) Spanish Sahara see Western Sahara
South Lawn see Harvey Sparnacum see Épernay
South Malden see Everett Sparta (historic city, southern Greece) : alternate
South Northfield see Glenview Lacedaemon
Southold see South Bend Spas see 3Pervomaysky
Southport see Kenosha Spassk see (1) Bednodem’yanovsk; (2) Bolgar;
South Riverside see Corona (3) Spassk-Dal’ny; (4) Spassk-Ryazansky
South Sea see Pacific Ocean Spassk-Dal’ny (city, southeastern Russia) : to
South Shields (town, northeastern England) : c.1930 Spassk
Roman Arbeia Spassk-Ryazansky (town, western Russia) : to
South Uist (island, Western Isles, northwestern 1929 Spassk
Scotland) : Gaelic Uibhist a’ Deas Spassk-Tatarsky see Bolgar
South West Africa see Namibia Speen (village, southern England) : Roman Spi-
Sovet (village, southwestern Tajikistan) : for- nis (The Roman settlement here was probably
merly Kzyl-Mazar more exactly at Woodspeen, just west of
Sovetabad see (1) Ghafurov; (2) Nurobod; Speen, itself now a suburb of Newbury.)
(3) Xonobod Spence Bay see Taloyoak
Sovetobod see Ghafurov Speyer (city, southwestern Germany) : formerly
1
Sovetsk (city, western Russia, near Kaliningrad) English Spires; Roman Augusta Nemetum; ear-
: to 1945 German Tilsit lier Roman Noviomagus
2
Sovetsk (town, western Russia, near Vyatka) : to Spinis see Speen
1937 Kukarka Spirding see ¡niardwy
 195 Stanislaviv

Spires see Speyer ¡roda Wielkopolska (town, west central Poland)

Spirit River see Rycroft : 1793–1807, 1815–1919, 1939–1945 German
Spi§ská Nová Ves (city, east central Slovakia) : to Schroda
1918 Hungarian Igló; to 1867 German Zipser- Srpski Itebej see Itebej
Neudorf Staaten Landt see New Zealand
Spi§ska Stara Ves (town, northern Slovakia) : to Stabiae see Castellammare di Stabia
1918 Hungarian Szepesófalu; to 1867 German Stablo see Stavelot
Altendorf Stabroek see 1Georgetown
Spi§ské Podhradie (town, east central Slovakia) : Stacy’s Corners see Glen Ellyn
to 1918 Hungarian Szepesváralja; to 1867 Ger- Stadtroda (town, west central Germany) : to
man Kirchdrauf 1925 Roda (In the year stated German Stadt,
Spitak (town, northwestern Armenia) : to 1948 “town,” was added to the name of the river on
Amamlu which the town stands.)
Spitsevka (village, southwestern Russia) : to Stahlheim see Amnéville
c.1940 Spitsevskoye Staines (town, southeastern England) : Roman
Spitsevskoye see Spitsevka Pontibus (The Roman name means “[at] the
Split (city, western Croatia) : to 1918, 1941–1943 bridges.” Staines arose by a crossing of the
Italian Spalato; Roman Spalatum Thames River.)
Spokane (city, Washington, northwestern Stakhanov (city, eastern Ukraine) : 1943–1978
United States) : originally Spokane Falls Kadiyivka (Russian Kadiyevka); 1937–1943
Spokane Falls see Spokane Sergo; to 1937 Kadiyivka (Russian Kadiyevka)
Spokojna Góra see Mirsk Stakhanovo see Zhukovsky
Spoletium see Spoleto Stalin see (1) Bra£ov; (2) Varna
Spoleto (town, central Italy) : Roman Spoletium Stalina, imeni see Shahrihon
Springs of Palomas see Truth or Conse- Stalinabad see Dushanbe
quences Stalindorf see 3Zhovtneve
Sprottau see Szprotawa Stalingrad see Volgograd
Squillace (village, southern Italy) : ancient Greek Staliniri see Ts’khinvali
Scylacium Stalinka see Chervonozavods’ke
Srbija see Serbia Stalino see (1) Donets’k; (2) Shahrihon
Srbobran (town, northern Serbia) : to 1918, Stalinogorsk see Novomoskovsk
1941–1944 Hungarian Szenttamás Stalinogród see Katowice
Srebrna Góra (town, southwestern Poland) : to Stalin Peak see (1) Gerlachovskï Peak;
1945 German Silberberg (2) Ismoili Somoni, Peak; (3) Musala
Sredets (town, southeastern Bulgaria) : 1950– Stalinsk see Novokuznetsk
1989 Grudovo; 1934–1950 Sredets; to 1934 Stalins’ke see 3Zhovtneve
Turkish Karabunar Stalinskoye see 3Zhovtneve
Sredets see Sofia Stalinsky see Bol’shevo
Srednekrayushkino see 3Pervomayskoye Stallupönen see Nesterov
¡rem (town, western Poland) : 1793–1807, 1815– Stamboliyski (town, southern Bulgaria) : 1969–
1919, 1939–1945 German Schrimm 1979 Novi Kritsim; 1964–1969 Kritsim; 1926–
Sremska Mitrovica (town, western Serbia) : to 1964 Gára Kritsim; to 1926 Polatovo (Bulgarian
1867 German Mitrowitz; Roman Sirmium gára means “railroad station.”)
(The first word of the name distinguishes the Stamboul see Istanbul
town from Kosovska Mitrovica in Kosovo.) Stamora Moravi´a (village, western Romania) :
Sremski Karlovci (town, north central Serbia) : to 1918 Hungarian Temesmóra
to 1867 German Karlowitz Stampae see Étampes
Srikakulam (town, southeastern India) : for- Stanbridge Falls see Bedford
merly Chicacole Stanhope (town, New Jersey, northeastern
Sri Lanka (island republic, northern Indian United States) : to 1815 Andover Forge
Ocean) : to 1972 Ceylon; formerly literary Stanichno-Luganskoye see Stanychno-Luhan-
Serendip; Roman Taprobane (Serendip, which s’ke
gave English serendipity, is an Arabic corrup- Stanimaka see Asenovgrad
tion of a Sanskrit name.) Stanislau see Ivano-Frankivs’k
¡roda ¡lRska (town, southwestern Poland) : to Stanislav see Ivano-Frankivs’k
1945 German Neumarkt Stanislaviv see Ivano-Frankivs’k
Stanislavovo 196

Stanislavovo see Rasony Staromlynivka (village, eastern Ukraine) : (Rus-

Stanisùawów see Ivano-Frankivs’k sian Staromlinovka); to 1946 Staryy Kermenchyk
Stanitsa Luganskaya see Stanychno-Luhans’ke (Russian Stary Kermenchik)
¶tanjel na Krasu (village, western Slovenia) : to Staropyshminsk (town, west central Russia) : to
1947 Italian San Daniele del Carso 1943 Pyshminsky Zavod
Stanke Dimitrov see Dupnitsa Staroutkinsk (town, west central Russia) : to
Stanley see 2Nelson 1933 Utkinsky Zavod
Stanley Falls see Boyoma Falls Stary Dashev see Dashiv
Stanley Pool see Malebo Pool Stary Kermenchik see Staromlynivka
Stanleyville see (1) Kisangani; (2) Orientale Stary SRcz (town, southern Poland) : 18th–19th
Stann Creek see Dangriga century, 1940–1945 German Altsandez
Stanovoye (village, western Russia) : formerly Stary Salavan see Novocheremshansk
Ploskoye Stary Sambor see Staryy Sambir
Stantsiya-Regar see Tursunzade Stary Smokovec (town, northern Slovakia) : to
Stanwix (village, northwestern England) : 1918 Hungarian Tátrafüred; to 1867 German
Roman Uxelodunum (Stanwix is now a district Altschmecks (The town was formed from the
of Carlisle.) separate villages of Dolnï Smokovec, Hornï
Stanychno-Luhans’ke (town, eastern Ukraine) : Smokovec, and Starï Smokovec, respectively
(Russian Stanichno-Luganskoye); 1935–1938 Lower, Upper, and Old Smokovec.)
Kosyorove (Russian Kosiorovo); earlier Stanytsya Staryy Dashiv see Dashiv
Luhans’ka (Russian Stanitsa Luganskaya); origi- Staryy Kermenchyk see Staromlynivka
nally Luhans’k (Russian Lugansk). Staryy Sambir (town, western Ukraine) : (Rus-
Stanytsya-Luhans’ka see Stanychno-Luhan- sian Stary Sambor); to 1939 Polish Stary Sam-
s’ke bor
Staoinebrig see Stoneybridge State Line see Hammond
Stará Ďala see Hurbanovo Staten Island (borough, New York, northeastern
Stará L’ubovûa (town, northern Slovakia) : to United States) : to 1975 Richmond (The former
1918 Hungarian Ólubló; to 1867 German Alt- name of the New York City borough is still
lublau current for the county with which Staten Is-
Stara Pazova (town, northern Serbia) : to 1918, land is coextensive.)
1941–1944 Hungarian Ópazova Statesville (city, North Carolina, eastern United
Stara Planina see Balkan Mountains States) : to 1789 Fourth Creek
Staraya Barda see 2Krasnogorskoye Stavelot (town, eastern Belgium) : Flemish Sta-
Stara Zagora (city, central Bulgaria) : to 1878 blo
Turkish Eskizagra; Roman Augusta Trajana Stavropol’ (city, southwestern Russia) : 1935–
Starbuck Island (eastern Kiribati) : formerly Vol- 1943 Voroshilovsk
unteer Island Stavropol’ see Tol’yatti
Stargard in Pommern see Stargard Szczeciüski Stavropol’ Kray (region, southwestern Russia) :
Stargard Szczeciüski (city, northwestern Poland) 1937–1943 Ordzhonikidze Kray
: to 1945 German Stargard in Pommern Stdbark (village, northeastern Poland) : to 1945
Stari BeVej see BeVej German Tannenberg (The German name is as-
Staritsy see Kirawsk sociated with two battles. The first, between
Starkenbach see Jilemnice this village and Grünfelde or Grünwald, after
Starodubskoye (village, eastern Russia) : which it is also named, was a Polish-Lithuan-
1905–1945 Japanese Sakaehama ian victory in 1410 over the Teutonic Knights.
Starogard Gdaüski (town, northern Poland) : The second led to a German victory over the
1772–1919, 1939–1945 German Preussisch-Star- Russians in 1914.)
gard Stefanie, Lake see Ch’ew Bahir
Starokonstantinov see Starokostyantyniv ßtefan VodQ (village, eastern Moldova) : (Rus-
Starokostyantyniv (city, west central Ukraine) : sian Shtefan Vode); formerly Suvorovo; earlier
(Russian Starokonstantinov); to 1918 Russian Biruintsa
Starokonstantinov Stegman see Artesia
Staromar’yevka (village, southwestern Russia) : ßtei (town, western Romania) : formerly Doctor
to c.1940 Staromar’yevskoye Petru Groza
Staromar’yevskoye see Staromar’yevka Steiermark (state, central and southeastern Aus-
Staromlinovka see Staromlynivka tria) : English conventional Styria
 197 Strokestown

Stein see Kamnik Storms, Cape of see Good Hope, Cape of

Steinamanger see Szombathely Stornoway (town, Western Isles, northwestern
Steinau an der Oder see ¡cinawa Scotland) : Gaelic Steornabhagh
Steinbrück see Zidani Most Storojine´ see Storozhynets’
Steinschönau see Kamenickï ¶enov Storozhinets see Storozhynets’
Steitztown see 2Lebanon Storozhynets’ (town, western Ukraine) : (Rus-
Stellarton (town, Nova Scotia, eastern Canada) : sian Storozhinets); 1919–1940 Romanian Storo-
to 1889 Albion Mines jine´; to 1918 German Storozynetz
Steornabhagh see Stornoway Storozynetz see Storozhynets’
Stepanakert see Xankändi Stowbtsy (town, west central Belarus) : (Russian
Stepanavan (town, northern Armenia) : to 1924 Stolptsy); 1919–1939 Polish Stoùpce; to 1918 Rus-
Dzhalal-ogly sian Stolptsy
Stepantsminda see Qazbegi Strabane (town, northwestern Northern Ireland)
Stephenson see Rock Island : Irish An Srath Bán
Stepnogorsk see Stepnohirs’k Stradbally (town, east central Ireland) : Irish An
Stepnohirs’k (town, southeastern Ukraine) : Sráidbhaile
(Russian Stepnogorsk); to 1987 Sukhoivanivs’ke Strait of Dover see Dover, Strait of
(Russian Sukhoivanovskoye) Strakonice (town, southwestern Czech Republic)
Stepnoy see Elista : to 1918, 1939–1945 German Strakonitz
Stepnoye (town, southwestern Russia) : formerly Strakonitz see Strakonice
Otrogovo (This Stepnoye should not be con- Stralsund (city, northeastern Germany) : 1648–
fused with the more southerly town of the 1815 Swedish Strålsund
same name east of Georgiyevsk.) Strålsund see Stralsund
Steptoeville see Walla Walla Strasbourg (city, northeastern France) : formerly
Sterling see St. Thomas English Strasburg; 1871–1919, 1940–1944 Ger-
Sternberg see ¶ternberk man Strassburg; Roman Argentoratum
¶ternberk (town, eastern Czech Republic) : to Strasburg see Strasbourg
1918, 1938–1945 German Sternberg Strasburg in Westpreussen see Brodnica
Sterzing see Vipiteno Strassburg see Strasbourg
Stettin see Szczecin Strass-Somerein see Hegyeshalom
Stettler (town, Alberta, west central Canada) : to Stratfield see Bridgeport
1
1906 Blumenau Stratford (city, Ontario, southeastern Canada) :
Stewart Island (southern New Zealand) : Maori to 1835 Little Thames
2
Rakiura; earlier Maori Te Punga a Maui. (The Stratford (town, northwestern New Zealand) :
earlier Maori name, meaning “the anchor of formerly Stratford-on-Patea
Maui,” contrasts with those of North Island Stratford-on-Patea see 2Stratford
and South Island.) Stratonicea see Eskihisar
Stidia (village, northwestern Algeria) : to c.1962 Strato’s Tower see Caesarea
French Georges Clemenceau Strawbery Banke see 2Portsmouth
Stillwater see Orono ¶trba (town, northern Slovakia) : to 1918 Hun-
¶tip (town, east central Macedonia) : to 1913 garian Csorba
Turkish j£tip; ancient Greek Antibos Streator (town, Illinois, north central United
Stockmannshof see Pļaviņas States) : to 1872 Unionville; originally Hard-
Stockton (city, California, western United scrabble
States) : to 1850 Tuleburg Strehlen see Strzelin
Stolp see Sùupsk St†ekov (town, northwestern Czech Republic) :
Stoùpce see Stowbtsy to 1918, 1939–1945 German Schreckenstein
Stolpmünde see Ustka (The town is now a district of Ústí nad
Stolptsy see Stowbtsy Labem.)
Stonefort (village, Illinois, north central United Strelno see Strzelno
States) : to 1934 Bolton St†íbro (town, western Czech Republic) : to
Stoneybridge (village, Western Isles, northwest- 1918, 1939–1945 German Miess
ern Scotland) : Gaelic Staoinebrig Striegau see Strzegom
Stoney Creek see Melfort Strigonium see Esztergom
Stony Brook see Princeton Strokestown (village, north central Ireland) :
Stony Hill see Ludlow Irish Béal na mBuillí
Stromboli 198

Stromboli (island, Lipari Islands, Italy) : ancient officially Anglo-Eg yptian Sudan (The English
Greek Strong yle name, from the French, also applied to the
Strongoli (village, southern Italy) : Roman Petelia much larger Sudan that extended across Africa
Strongyle see Stromboli from the west coast to the mountains of
Stronie ¡lRskie (town, southwestern Poland) : to Ethiopia.)
1945 German Seitenberg Sudanese Republic see Mali
Stropkov (town, northeastern Slovakia) : to 1918 Sudauen see Suwaùki
Sztropkó Sudest Island see Tagula
Strumica (town, southeastern Macedonia) : to Sudostroy see Severodvinsk
1913 Turkish jstrumca Sudova Vyshnya (town, western Ukraine) :
Stry see Stryy (Russian Sudovaya Vyshnya); to 1939 Polish
Stryj see Stryy SRdowa Wisznia
Stryy (town, western Ukraine) : (Russian Stry); Sudovaya Vyshnya see Sudova Vyshnya
to 1939 Polish Stryj Suessa Aurunca see Sessa Aurunca
Strzegom (city, southwestern Poland) : to 1945 Suessionae see Soissons
German Striegau Suessula see Cancello
Strzelce (town, southern Poland) : to 1945 Ger- Suez (city, northeastern Egypt) : [Arabic As
man Gross-Strehlitz Suways]
Strzelce Krajeüskie (town, western Poland) : to Sufetula see Sbeïtla
1945 German Friedeberg Suffolk (city, Virginia, eastern United States) : to
Strzelin (town, southwestern Poland) : to 1945 1742 Constant’s Warehouse
German Strehlen Sufikishlak see Akhunbabayev
Strzelno (town, central Poland) : 1793–1807, Sug-Aksy (village, southern Russia) : formerly
1815–1919, 1939–1945 German Strelno Sut-Khol’
Stuart see Alice Springs ßuhut (village, west central Turkey) : ancient
¶tubnianske Teplice see TurVianske Teplice Greek Synnada
Stuchka see Aizkraukle Suid-Afrika see South Africa
Stuhlweissenburg see Székesfehérvár Suisse see Switzerland
Stuhm see Sztum Sukarnapura see Jayapura
Stupino (city, western Russia) : c.1935–1938 Sukarno, Mt. see Jaya, Mt.
Elektrovoz Sukhoivanivs’ke see Stepnohirs’k
¶túrovo (town, southern Slovakia) : to 1918, Sukhoivanovskoye see Stepnohirs’k
1938–1945 Hungarian Párkány Sukhum see Sokhumi
Stutthof see Sztutowo Sukhumi see Sokhumi
Styria see Steiermark Sukhum-Kale see Sokhumi
Subiaco (town, central Italy) : Roman Subla- Sukkertoppen see Maniitsoq
queum Sulawesi (island, eastern Indonesia) : to 1945
Sublaqueum see Subiaco Celebes (The earlier name remains current for
Subotica (city, northern Serbia) : to 1918, 1941– the Celebes Sea, between Sulawesi and the
1944 Hungarian Szabadka; to 1867 German Philippines.)
Maria-Theresiopel Sulden see Solda
Suceava (city, northeastern Romania) : to 1918 Sulechów (town, western Poland) : to 1945 Ger-
German Suczawa (The German name adopted man Züllichau
its Polish form.) Suldcin (town, western Poland) : to 1945 Ger-
Sucha Góra Orawska see Suchá Hora man Zielenzig
Suchá Hora (town, northern Slovakia) : 1920– Sulików (town, southwestern Poland) : to 1945
1924, 1938–1939 Polish Sucha Góra Orawska; German Schönberg
to 1918 Hungarian Szuchahora Sulimov see Cherkessk
Suchan (town, northwestern Poland) : to 1945 Sulin see Krasny Sulin
German Zachan Sully (village, southern Wales) : Welsh Sili (The
Suchan see Partizansk village is now a suburb of Barry.)
Suchansky Rudnik see Partizansk Sultanabad see ArIk
Sucre (city, south central Bolivia) : to 1840 Sumba (island, southern Indonesia) : formerly
Chuquisaca; originally La Plata Sandalwood Island
Sudan (republic, northeastern Africa) : [Arabic Sumbe (town, western Angola) : 1975–1981
As S¨dIn]; formerly English Soudan; to 1956 Ngunza; to 1975 Novo Redondo
 199 Svetlograd

Summerside (town, Prince Edward Island, east- from the future Romania, and the names with
ern Canada) : originally Green’s Shore Romanian regele, “king,” are of Romanian
¶umperk (city, eastern Czech Republic) : to 1918, kings.)
1938–1945 German Mährisch-Schönberg Suvorovo (town, eastern Bulgaria) : to 1950 Nov-
Sumter (city, South Carolina, southeastern gradets; earlier Kozludzha
United States) : to 1856 Sumterville Suvorovo see (1) ßtefan VodQ; (2) Suvorove
Sumterville see Sumter Suwaùki (city, northeastern Poland) : 1940–1945
Sunbury see 2Bangor German Sudauen; to 1918 Russian Suvalki
Sunderland (village, Ontario, southeastern Suyetikha see Biryusinsk
Canada) : to 1868 Brock Svalava see Svalyava
Sunnyvale (city, California, western United Svalyava (town, western Ukraine) : 1944–1945
States) : to 1912 Encinal; originally Murphy’s Czech Svalava; 1939–1944 Hungarian Szolyva;
Station 1919–1939 Czech Svalava; to 1918 Hungarian
Suomenlinna (island fortress, southern Finland) Szolyva
: to 1809 Swedish Sveaborg Svatove (town, eastern Ukraine) : (Russian Sva-
Suomi see Finland tovo); 1825–1923 Novokaterynoslav (Russian
Sur (town, southern Lebanon) : biblical Tyre Novoyekaterinoslav); earlier Svatova Luchka
(This name, representing Arabic ®¨r, should Svatovo see Svatove
not be confused with that of Sur, also Arabic Sveaborg see Suomenlinna
®¨r, eastern Oman.) ¶venVioncliai (town, eastern Lithuania) : (Rus-
®¨r see Sur sian Shvenchyonelyay); 1919–1939 Polish Nowe
Surendranagar (town, western India) : to c.1950 ¡widciany
Wadhwan ¶venVionys (town, eastern Lithuania) : (Russian
Surinam (republic, northeastern South America) Shvenchyonis); 1919–1938 Polish ¡widciany; to
: to 1975 Dutch Guiana 1918 Russian Sventsyany
S¨rnyah see Syria Sventsyany see ¶venVionys
Surrentum see Sorrento Sverdlova, imeni see Sverdlovs’k
Sursk (town, western Russia) : to 1955 Nikol’sky Sverdlova, imeny see Sverdlovs’k
Khutor Sverdlovo (village, southwestern Russia) : to 1941
Surskoye (town, west central Russia) : to c.1930 Ney-Val’ter (The earlier name of the village, in
Promzino the former Volga German Autonomous Soviet
Susa (ancient city, southwestern Iran) : biblical Socialist Republic, is a Russian transliteration
Shushan of German Neu-Walter.)
S¨sI see Sousse Sverdlovo see Sverdlovsky
Su§ak (town, western Croatia) : 1941–1943 Ital- Sverdlovsk see (1) Sverdlovs’k; (2) Yekaterin-
ian Borgonovo; to 1918 Hungarian Port Báros burg
(From 1934 to 1941 Su§ak was a separate port Sverdlovs’k (city, eastern Ukraine) : (Russian
belonging to Yugoslavia, the main port being Sverdlovsk); 1930s–1938 imeny Sverdlova (Rus-
that of the Italian city of Fiume, now Rijeka, sian imeni Sverdlova); earlier Sharapkyne (Rus-
with which it reunited in 1947.) sian Sharapkino); originally Dovzhykove-
Susanino (town, western Russia) : to 1938 Mol- Orlovs’ke (Russian Dolzhikovo-Orlovskoye)
vitino Sverdlovsky (town, western Russia) : to 1928
Suschitz see Su§ice Sverdlovo
Susiana see Khuzestan Sverdlovsky Priisk see Is
Su§ice (town, southwestern Czech Republic) : to Sverige see Sweden
1918, 1939–1945 German Suschitz Sveta Anastasiya (island, southeastern Bulgaria) :
Susz (town, northeastern Poland) : to 1945 Ger- formerly Bolshevik
man Rosenberg Sveti Djordje see Negotin
Sut-Khol’ see Sug-Aks Sveti Konstantin (village, eastern Bulgaria) : for-
Suvalki see Suwaùki merly Druzhba
Suvorove (town, southern Ukraine) : (Russian Sveti Vrach see Sandanski
Suvorovo); 1941–1944 Romanian Regele Mihai Svetlogorsk (town, western Russia) : to 1945
I; c.1930–1940 Romanian Regele Carol II; to German Rauschen
c.1930 Ukrainian Shykyrlykytay (Russian Svetlogorsk see Svyetlahorsk
Shikirlikitai; Romanian Sichirlichitai) (The Svetlograd (town, southwestern Russia) : to 1965
town was founded in 1815 by Bulgarian settlers Petrovskoye
Svetlovodsk 200

Svetlovodsk see Svitlovods’k ¡wiebodzice (town, southwestern Poland) : to

Svetloye see Svetly 1945 German Freiburg in Schlesien
Svetly (town, western Russia) : 1945–1955 Svet- ¡wiebodzin (town, western Poland) : to 1945
loye; to 1945 German Kobbelbude German Schwiebus
Svetogorsk (town, northwestern Russia) : 1918– ¡widciany see ¶venVionys
1948 Finnish Enso (The town passed from Fin- ¡wiecie (town, north central Poland) :
land to the USSR in 1940 but retained its Fin- 1772–1919, 1939–1945 German Schwetz
nish name until 1948.) ¡wieradów Zdrój (town, southwestern Poland) :
Svetozarevo see Jagodina to 1945 German Bad Flinsberg
Svidník (town, northeastern Slovakia) : to 1918 ¡wierczynowiec see SvrVinovec
Hungarian Szvidnik ¡wierzawa (town, southwestern Poland) : to
Svilengrad (town, southeastern Bulgaria) : to 1945 German Schönau
1913 Turkish Mustafapa£a Swindon (administrative district, southern En-
Svishtov (town, northern Bulgaria) : to 1878 gland) : to 1997 Thamesdown (The present
Turkish Zi£tov unitary authority was created from the former
Svitavy (town, east central Czech Republic) : to district council of the town of Swindon.)
1918, 1938–1945 German Zwittau Swinemünde see ¡winouj¢cie
Svitlovods’k (city, east central Ukraine) : (Rus- Swinford (town, western Ireland) : Irish Béal
sian Svetlovodsk); 1962–1969 Kremhes (Russian Átha na Muice
Kremges); 1961–1962 Khrushchov (Russian ¡winouj¢cie (town, northwestern Poland) : to
Khrushchyov); formerly Novoheorhiyivs’ke (Rus- 1945 German Swinemünde
sian Novogeorgiyevsk) (The town was flooded Switzerland (republic, west central Europe) :
by the Kremenchug reservoir from 1954 to [French Suisse; German Schweiz; Italian
1960 and its residents moved to a new site near Svizzera]; Roman Helvetia
the dam. Hence the name Kremhes, an abbre- Swords (town, eastern Ireland) : Irish Sord
viation meaning “Kremenchug hydroelectric Sybaris see Sibari
power plant.”) Syców (town, southwestern Poland) : to 1945
Svizzera see Switzerland German Gross-Wartenberg
Svoboda (village, western Russia) : to 1945 Ger- Sydenham see Owen Sound
man Janichen Sydenham Island see Nonouti
Svoboda see Liski Sydney (city, New South Wales, southeastern
Svobodny (city, southeastern Russia) : to 1924 Australia) : earlier Sydney Cove; originally Port
Alekseyevsk Jackson (The original name remains for the sea
SvrVinovec (town, northwestern Slovakia) : inlet now usually known as Sydney Harbour,
1938–1939 Polish ¡wierczynowiec which the city surrounds, while Sydney Cove,
Svyatogorovsky Rudnik see Dobropillya as part of the harbor, still exists under the
Svyatoy Krest see Budyonnovsk name Circular Quay.)
Svyetlahorsk (town, southeastern Belarus) : Sydney Cove see Sydney
(Russian Svetlogorsk); to 1961 Shatilki Sydney Island see Manra
Swabia (region, southwestern Germany) : [Ger- Syedove (town, southeastern Ukraine) : (Russian
man Schwaben] Sedovo); 1938–1955 imeny H.Ya. Syedova (Rus-
Swansea (city, southern Wales) : Welsh Abertawe sian imeni G.Ya. Sedova); to 1938 Kryva Kosa
Swaziland (kingdom, southeastern Africa) : lo- (Russian Krivaya Kosa)
cally KaNgwane (The local name was that of Syene see Aswan
a South African bantustan or “homeland” Syevernyy Rudnyk see Kirove
for Swazi people that existed from 1977 to Syeverodonets’k (city, eastern Ukraine) : (Rus-
1994.) sian Severodonetsk); to 1958 Russian Leskhim-
Sweden (kingdom, northwestern Europe) : stroy
[Swedish Sverige] Syktyvkar (city, western Russia) : to 1930 Ust’-
Sweetsburg (village, Quebec, southeastern Sysol’sk
Canada) : formerly Churchville (The village Symnes Landing see 1Aylmer
was annexed to Cowansville in 1964.) Synel’nykove (city, east central Ukraine) : (Rus-
¡widnica (city, southwestern Poland) : to 1945 sian Sinel’nikovo); mid–1930s imeny Tovarysha
German Schweidnitz Katayevycha (Russian imeni Tovarishcha
¡widwin (town, northwestern Poland) : to 1945 Khatayevicha)
German Schivelbein Synnada see ßuhut
 201 Tacuarembó

Syn’ovyds’ko-Vyzhnye see Verkhnye Szenttamás see Srbobran

Syn’ovydne Szepesófalu see Spi§ska Stara Ves
Synowódsko-Wy∞nie see Verkhnye Szepesváralja see Spi§ské Podhradie
Syn’ovydne Szepsi see Moldava nad Bodvou
Syracusae see Syracuse Szilasbalhás see Mezâszilas
Syracuse (city, southern Italy) : [Italian Siracusa]; Szinna see Snina
Roman Syracusae (The English name of the Szklarska Pordba (town, southwestern Poland) :
city stems from its fame as a Greek colony and to 1945 German Schreiberhau (The hamlets of
its mention in the Bible as the port where Paul Szklarska Pordba Górna, Szklarska Pordba
stayed three days during his journey to Rome.) Dolna, and Szklarska Pordba ¡rednia had the
Syrdar’insky see Sirdaryo German names Ober-Schreiberhau, Nieder-
Syrdar’ya (river, southern Kazakhstan) : ancient Schreiberhau, and Mittel-Schreiberhau, respec-
Greek Jaxartes tively Upper, Lower, and Middle, but nearby
Syrdar’ya see Sirdaryo Szklarska Pordba Huta, “Factory,” was Josephi-
Syria (republic, southwestern Asia) : [Arabic nenhütte.)
S¨rnyah; alternate Arabic Ash ShIm] (The al- Szlichtyngowa (town, western Poland) : to 1945
ternate Arabic name is the same as that for German Schlichtingsheim
Damascus.) Szobránce see Sobrance
Syria Palaestina see Palestine Szolyva see Svalyava
Syrnovorossiysk see Sirdaryo Szombathely (city, western Hungary) : to 1867
Syuginsky see Mozhga German Steinamanger; Roman Sabaria
Syvas’ke (town, southern Ukraine) : (Russian Szâny (village, northern Hungary) : Roman
Sivashskoye); to 1935 Rizdvyans’ke (Russian Brigetio
Rozhdestvenskoye) Szprotawa (town, southwestern Poland) : to
Szabadka see Subotica 1945 German Sprottau
Szakolca see Skalica Sztálinváros see Dunaújváros
Szamosújvár see Gherla Sztropkó see Stropkov
Szamotuùy (town, western Poland) : 1793–1807, Sztum (town, northern Poland) : 1793–1945
1815–1919, 1939–1945 German Samter German Stuhm
Szászsebes see Sebe£ Sztutowo (village, northern Poland) : 1793–1945
Szászrégen see Reghin German Stutthof
Szatmárnémeti see Satu Mare Szubin (town, west central Poland) : 1793–1807,
Szczawno Zdrój (town, southwestern Poland) : 1815–1919, 1939–1945 German Schubin
to 1945 German Bad Salzbrunn Szuchahora see Suchá Hora
Szczecin (city, northwestern Poland) : to 1945 Szumbark ¡lRski see Haví†ov
German Stettin Szvidnik see Svidník
Szczecinek (town, northwestern Poland) : to Taal, Lake (north central Philippines) : formerly
1945 German Neustettin Lake Bombon
Szczuczyn (town, northeastern Poland) : Tabaiana see Itabaiana
1939–1941 Belarussian Shchuchyn; to 1918 Rus- Table Cape see Wynyard
sian Shchuchin Tabor see Tábor
Szczuczyn Nowogródski see Shchuchyn Tábor (city, south central Czech Republic) : to
Szczytna (town, southwestern Poland) : to 1945 1918, 1939–1945 German Tabor
German Rückers Tabuaeran (island, northeastern Kiribati) : to
Szczytno (town, northeastern Poland) : to 1945 1979 Fanning Island
German Ortelsburg Tacape see Gabès
Szeged (city, southern Hungary) : to 1867 Ger- Tacarigua see Valencia, Lake
man Szegedin Tachov (town, western Czech Republic) : to
Szegedin see Szeged 1918, 1939–1945 German Tachow
Székelyudvarhely see Odorheiu Secuiesc Tachow see Tachov
Székesfehérvár (city, west central Hungary) : to Tacoma (city, Washington, northwestern United
1867 German Stuhlweissenburg; Medieval Latin States) : originally Commencement City
Alba Regalis Tacoma, Mt. see Rainier, Mt.
Szenic see Senica T’aVovo see Tyachiv
Szentgotthárd (town, western Hungary) : to Tacuarembó (city, north central Uruguay) : for-
1867 German Sankt Gotthard merly Spanish San Fructuoso
Tacurupucú 202

Tacurupucú see Hernandarias Taloyoak (village, Nunavut, northern Canada) :

Tadcaster (town, northern England) : Roman to 1999 Spence Bay
Calcaria Talpetate see San Antonio de Cortés
Tadmor see Palmyra Talsen see Talsi
Tadmur (city, south central Syria) : ancient Talsi (town, northwestern Latvia) : to 1918 Ger-
Greek and Roman Palmyra; biblical Tadmor man Talsen
(The Greek name is thought to have evolved Talybont-on-Usk (village, east central Wales) :
from the biblical one.) Welsh Tal-y-Bont ar Wysg (The additions to
Taehan see Korea the name were made in c.1960 to distinguish
Tafahi (island, northern Tonga) : formerly this Tal-y-Bont from the many others.)
Boscawen Island Talyllychau see Talley
Taff ’s Well (village, southern Wales) : Welsh Tamalameque see El Banco
Ffynnon Taf Taman Negara National Park (northwestern
Tagdempt see Tiaret Malaysia) : to 1957 King George V National
Tagula (island, southeastern Papua New Guinea) Park
: formerly Sudest Island Tamanrasset (town, southern Algeria) : to c.1962
Tagus (river, central Spain and Portugal) : [Span- French Fort-Laperrine
ish Tajo; Portuguese Tejo] (English speakers Tamar (river, southwestern England) : Roman
generally know the river by its Roman name.) Tamarus (The modern and Roman names of
Taiei see Ugol’ny the river are directly related to those of the
1
Taihape (town, north central New Zealand) : Thames.)
formerly Otaihape (The name dropped the Tamarus see Tamar
original Maori prefix o meaning “place of.”) Tamatave see Toamasina
Taihei see Udarny Tamesis see 1Thames
Tairbeart see Tarbert Tamil Nadu (state, southeastern India) : to 1969
Taiwan (island state, western Pacific) : formerly Madras
Portuguese Formosa Tamise see Temse
Tajikabad see Tojikobod Tammerfors see Tampere
Taiyuan (city, northeastern China) : formerly Tampere (city, southwestern Finland) : to 1809
Yangku Swedish Tammerfors
Tajo see Tagus Tanais see (1) Don; (2) Nedvigovka
Tak (town, western Thailand) : locally Rahaeng Tananarive see Antananarivo
Takhtamukay (village, southwestern Russia) : Tanatis see Thanet, Isle of
formerly Oktyabr’sky; to 1938 Khakurate Tangar see Huangyuan
Talacharn see Laugharne Tangará (town, southern Brazil) : to 1944 Rio
Talas (city, northwestern Kyrgyzstan) : to 1937 Bonito
Russian Dmitriyevskoye Tangier (city, northern Morocco) : formerly (and
Talavera de la Reina (city, central Spain) : still alternate) English Tangiers; Roman Tingis
Roman Caesarobriga Tangiers see Tangier
Taldom (town, western Russia) : 1921–1929 Tanis (ancient city, northern Egypt) : biblical
Leninsk Zoan
Taldykorgan (city, southeastern Kazakhstan) : Tannenberg see Stdbark
(Russian Taldy-Kurgan); to 1920 Gavrilovka Tanner’s Crossing see Minnedosa
Taldy-Kurgan see Taldykorgan Tannu-Tuva see Tyva
Talin (town, western Armenia) : to 1978 Verin- Taobh Tuath see Northton
Talin Taormina (town, southern Italy) : Roman Tau-
Talitsa (town, west central Russia) : to c.1928 romenium
Talitsky Zavod Tapajós see 2Santarém
Talitsky Zavod see Talitsa Taperoá (town, northeastern Brazil) : 1944–1948
Tälje see Södertälje Portuguese Batalhão
Talley (village, southwestern Wales) : Welsh Tapiau see Gvardeysk
Talyllychau Tapolyvarannó see Vranov nad Topl’ou
Tallin see Tallinn Taprobane see Sri Lanka
Tallinn (city, northern Estonia) : (Russian Taquari see Taquarituba
Tallin); 1941–1944 German Reval; to 1918 Rus- Taquarituba (town, southeastern Brazil) : to
sian Revel’ 1944 Taquari
 203 Tczew

©arIbulus al-Gharb see 2Tripoli Tarvisio (town, northeastern Italy) : to 1918 Ger-
©arIbulus ash-ShIm see 1Tripoli man Tarvis
Taranaki see Egmont, Mt. Tarvisium see Treviso
Taranovskoye (town, northern Kazakhstan) : Tashauz see Da£oguz
formerly Viktorovka Tashino see Pervomaysk
Taranto (city, southern Italy) : Roman Tarentum Tashir (town, northwestern Armenia) : formerly
Tarauacá (town, western Brazil) : to 1944 Seabra Kalinino; to 1935 Vorontsovka
Taraz (city, southeastern Kazakhstan) : 1991–1997 Tashkent (city, eastern Uzbekistan) : [Uzbek
Zhambyl; 1938–1991 Russian Dzhambul; 1936– Toshkent]
1938 Mirzoyan; 1856–1936 Aulie-Ata Tasiujaq (village, Quebec, eastern Canada) : for-
Tarbert (village, Western Isles, northwestern merly Leaf Bay
Scotland) : Gaelic Tairbeart Ta£lica see Pljevlja
Tarentum see Taranto Tasmania (island state, southeastern Australia) :
Tarfaya (town, southwestern Morocco) : 1950– to 1856 Van Diemen’s Land
1958 Villa Bens or Cabo Yubi; earlier Port Vic- Tata (town, northern Hungary) : to 1867 Ger-
toria man Totis
Târgu Mure£ (city, north central Romania) : to Tatarpazarcik see Pazardzhik
1918, 1940–1944 Hungarian Marosvásárhely Tatar-Pazardzhik see Pazardzhik
Tarifa (town, southern Spain) : Roman Julia Tátrafüred see Stary Smokovec
Joza; alternate Roman Julia Traducta Tátra-Lomnic see Tatranská Lomnica
Tarija (city, southern Bolivia) : originally San Tatra-Lomnitz see Tatranská Lomnica
Bernardo de la Frontera de Tarija Tatranská Lomnica (village, northern Slovakia) :
Tarmilate see Oulmès to 1918 Hungarian Tátra-Lomnic; to 1867 Ger-
TârnQveni (town, central Romania) : to 1930 man Tatra-Lomnitz
Diciosânmartin (The earlier name transliterates Tatsienlu see Kangding
Hungarian Dicsâszentmárton, “St. Martin the Tauragc (town, western Lithuania) : to 1918 Rus-
Glorious,” meaning Martin of Tours, born in sian Tavrogi; to 1793 German Tauroggen
Hungary.) Taurasia see Turin
Tarnopil’ see Ternopil’ Taurida see Crimea
Tarnopol see Ternopil’ Tauroggen see Tauragc
Tarnopol’ see Ternopil’ Tauromenium see Taormina
TQrnovo see Veliko TQrnovo Taus see Doma±lice
Tarnow see Tarnów Tavastehus see Hämeenlinna
Tarnów (city, southern Poland) : 1940–1945 Ger- Tavau see Davos
man Tarnow Tavrida see Crimea
Tarnowitz see Tarnowskie Góry Tavrogi see Tauragc
Tarnowskie Góry (town, southern Poland) : to Tavus see Tay
1921, 1939–1945 German Tarnowitz Tay (river, central Scotland) : Roman Tavus
Tarquinia (town, central Italy) : to 1922 Corneto; Tayabas see Quezon
Roman Tarquinii (The town’s present name is Tayncha see Tayynsha
a deliberate revival of the Roman one.) Tayynsha (town, northern Kazakhstan) : (Rus-
Tarquinii see Tarquinia sian Tayncha); formerly Russian Krasnoarmeysk
Tarracina see Terracina Taza-Bazar see Shumanay
Tarraco see Tarragona Taza-Kala see Gubadag
Tarragona (city, northeastern Spain) : Roman Tazoult-Lambèse (town, northeastern Algeria) :
Tarraco Roman Lambaesis
Tarrant see Arun Tazovskoye see Tazovsky
Tarta (town, western Turkmenistan) : formerly Tazovsky (town, northern Russia) : formerly
Kianly Tazovskoye; earlier Khal’mer-Sede
Tärtär (town, central Azerbaijan) : formerly Mir- T’bilisi (city, east central Georgia) : to 1936 Tiflis
Bashir; to 1949 Terter Tbilisskaya (village, southwestern Russia) : to
Tartu (city, eastern Estonia) : 1893–1918 Russian 1936 Tiflisskaya
Yur’yev; 1224–1893 German Dorpat; 1030– Tchikala-Tcholohanga (town, central Angola) :
1224 Russian Yur’yev formerly Portuguese Vila Nova
Tarvedunum see Dunnet Head Tczew (town, north central Poland) : 1772–1919,
Tarvis see Tarvisio 1949–1945 German Dirschau
Teano 204

Teano (town, southern Italy) : Roman Teanum Templeton (village, southwestern Wales) : Welsh
Sidicinum Tredeml
Teanum Apulum see San Paolo di Civitate Temse (town, northern Belgium) : French Tamise
Teanum Sidicinum see Teano Tenby (town, southwestern Wales) : Welsh
Teate see Chieti Dinbych-y-pysgod
Tébessa (town, eastern Algeria) : Roman Theveste Tenda see Tende
Tecsâ see Tyachiv Tende (village, southeastern France) : to 1947
Teesville see Waynesboro Italian Tenda
Teet’lit Zhen see Fort McPherson Tenedos see Bozcaada
Teggiano (town, southern Italy) : Roman Tegia- Tenevo (village, southeastern Bulgaria) : 1934–
num 1950 Tervel; to 1934 Pandaklii
Tegianum see Teggiano Ten Eyck see Dearborn
Tegucigalpa see Francisco Morazán Tenge (town, southwestern Kazakhstan) : to 1977
Teheran see Tehran Uzen
Tehran (city, northern Iran) : alternate Teheran Tengi-Kharam see Dehqonobod
Te Ika a Maui see North Island Teniente Bullaín (town, western Bolivia) : to
Teixeira Pinto see Canchungo early 1940s Dalence
Tejo see Tagus Tenochtitlán see Mexico City
Tejuco see Diamantina Tent Town see Douglas
Tekirdağ (city, northwestern Turkey) : to 1923 Tentyra see Dendera
Rodosto; ancient Greek Bisanthe Tepelenë (town, southern Albania) : 1919–1921
Tel Aviv-Jafo see Jaffa modern Greek Tepelenion
Telford (town, western England) : to 1968 Daw- Tepelenion see Tepelenë
ley Tepl see Teplá
Telford and Wrekin (administrative district, Teplá (town, western Czech Republic) : to 1918,
western England) : to 1998 The Wrekin 1938–1945 German Tepl
Tell el-Farama (village, northeastern Egypt) : Teplice (city, northwestern Czech Republic) :
Roman Pelusium; biblical Sin formerly Teplice-¶anov; to 1918, 1938–1945
Tell es Sultan see Jericho German Teplitz-Schönau
Tel’manove (town, southeastern Ukraine) : (Rus- Teplice nad Metují (town, northeastern Czech
sian Tel’manovo); to 1935 Ostheym (Russian Republic) : to 1918, 1939–1945 German
Ostgeym) (The earlier name represents German Wekelsdorf
Ostheim.) Teplice-¶anov see Teplice
Tel’mansk see Gubadag Teplitz-Schönau see Teplice
Tel’novsky (town, eastern Russia) : 1905–1945 Teplogorsk see Teplohirs’k
Japanese Kita-kozawa Teplohirs’k (town, eastern Ukraine) : (Russian
Telo Martius see Toulon Teplogorsk); to 1977 Irmine (Russian Irmino);
Tel’shi see Tel§iai formerly Irmins’kyy Rudnyk (Russian Irminsky
Tel’shyay see Tel§iai Rudnik)
Tel§iai (city, northwestern Lithuania) : (Russian Teploozyorsk (town, southeastern Russia) : for-
Tel’shyay); to 1918 Russian Tel’shi merly Tyoploye Ozero
Telukbayur (town, western Indonesia) : formerly Te Punga a Maui see Stewart Island
Emmahaven Teraina (island, northeastern Kiribati) : to 1979
Tembershchina see Uzyn Washington Island
Tembershchyna see Uzyn Teramo (city, central Italy) : Roman Interam-
Temeschwar-Josephstadt see Timi£oara nium
Temesmóra see Stamora Moravi´a Terebovlya (town, western Ukraine) : to 1939
Temesvár see Timi£oara Polish Trembowla
Temir-Khan-Shura see Buynaksk Terekty (town, eastern Kazakhstan) : formerly
Temirtau (city, east central Kazakhstan) : to 1945 Russian Alekseyevka
Russian Samarkandsky Terezín (town, northern Czech Republic) : to
Tempe (city, Arizona, southwestern United 1918, 1939–1945 German Theresienstadt
States) : to 1880 Hayden’s Ferry Tergeste see Trieste
Tempelburg see Czaplinek Terijoki see Zelenogorsk
Templemore (town, south central Ireland) : Irish Termini Imerese (town, southern Italy) : Roman
An Teampall Mór Thermae Himerenses
 205 Thorn

Terminus see (1) Atlanta; (2) Dillon Thamugadi see Timgad

Termonde see Dendermonde Thanet, Isle of (peninsula, southeastern En-
Terni (city, central Italy) : Roman Interamna gland) : Roman Tanatis (The peninsula was at
Nahars one time a proper island.)
Ternopil’ (city, western Ukraine) : (Russian Thatcher see River Forest
Ternopol’ ); to 1938 Polish Tarnopol; 1918–1919 The Aqueduct see Welland
Ukrainian Tarnopil’; 1914–1917 Russian Thebacha see Fort Smith
Tarnopol’ (The earlier Russian name is associ- Thebae see Thebes
ated with the 1917 Austro-German victory Theben see 2Devín
over the Russians here during World War I.) The Bend see Moncton
Ternopol’ see Ternopil’ Thebes (historic city, northern Egypt) : [Arabic
Ternovsk see Novokashirsk ©nbah]; Roman Thebae; ancient Greek Diospo-
Ternovskoye see Trunovskoye lis; biblical No; ancient Egyptian Waset
Ternovsky see Novokashirsk The Camp see Maitland
Terracina (town, western Italy) : Roman Tarra- The Corners see (1) Clinton; (2) Walnut Creek
cina The Crushers see Katoomba
Terranova di Sicilia see Gela Thedford (village, Ontario, southeastern
Terranova Pausania see Olbia Canada) : to 1859 Widder Station
Terter see Tärtär The Falls see 1Trenton
Tervel (town, northeastern Bulgaria) : 1913–1940 The Ferry see 3Windsor
Romanian Curt-Bunar; to 1878 Turkish Kurt- The Forks see Wallaceburg
bunar The Grove see Glenview
Tervel see Tenevo The Gulf see Persian Gulf
Teschen see (1) Teskï Tfi§ín; (2) Cieszyn The Hague see Hague, The
Tessin see Ticino The Lizard see Lizard, The
Tessville see Lincolnwood The Neck see Portland
Teterboro (village, New Jersey, northeastern Thenia (town, northern Algeria) : to c.1962
United States) : to 1943 Bendix French Ménerville
Tetiyev see Tetiyiv Theodosia see Feodosiya
Tetiyiv (town, central Ukraine) : (Russian Thera (island, southeastern Greece) : alternate
Tetiyev); formerly Snegurovka Santorini
Tetovo (city, northwestern Macedonia) : to 1913 The Rapids see Sarnia
Turkish Kalkandelen Theresienstadt see Terezín
Tetri-Tskaro (town, southern Georgia) : to Therma see Eagle Nest
c.1945 Agbulakh Thermae Himerenses see Termini Imerese
Tetschen see DfiVín Theronsville see Pofadder
Tetyukhe see Dal’negorsk Thessalonica see Salonika
Tetyukhe-Pristan’ see Rudnaya Pristan’ Thessaloniki see Salonika
Teuchezhsk see Adygeysk The Swamp see Toowoomba
Tevere see Tiber Thetford Mines (town, Quebec, southeastern
Tevis Bluff see Beaumont Canada) : formerly Kingsville
Te Waka a Maui see South Island Theunissen (town, central South Africa) : for-
Tezebazar (town, northern Turkmenistan) : for- merly Smaldeel
merly Russian Andreyevsk Theveste see Tébessa
Thailand (kingdom, southeastern Asia) : to The Wrekin see Telford and Wrekin
1939, 1945–1948 Siam Thiersville see Ghriss
1
Thames (river, southern England) : Roman Thionville (town, northeastern France) : 1870–
Tamesis (The latter part of the Roman name 1919 German Diedenhofen
gave Isis as an alternate name for the Thames Thomastown (town, southeastern Ireland) : Irish
in its course through Oxford.) Baile Mhic Andáin
2
Thames (river, Ontario, southeastern Canada) : Thompson see Rossland
to 1792 La Tranche Thompsonville see Sioux City
Thames see Waihou Thomson’s Falls see Nyahururu
Thamesdown see Swindon Thorburn (village, Nova Scotia, eastern Canada)
Thamesford (village, Ontario, southeastern : to 1886 Vale Colliery
Canada) : formerly St. Andrews Thorn see Toruü
Thorn Grove 206

Thorn Grove see Chicago Heights Tigranocerta see Silvan

Thornloe see New Liskeard Tigris (river, southeastern Turkey/northern Iraq)
Thoune see Thun : [Arabic Ad Dijla]; biblical Hiddekel
Thourout see Torhout Tikhon’kaya see Birobidzhan
Three Forks see Pullman Tikhonovka see Pozharskoye
Three Partners’ Mill see 1Lakewood Tikhono-Zadonsky see 2Kropotkin
Three Rivers see Trois-Rivières Tikirarjuaq see Whale Cove
Thun (town, west central Switzerland) : French Tilbury (town, Ontario, southeastern Canada) :
Thoune to 1895 Tilbury Centre
Thunder Bay (city, Ontario, southern Canada) : Tilbury Centre see Tilbury
alternate Lakehead (The city was created in Tiligulo-Berezanka see Berezanka
1970 on the amalgamation of the twin cities of Tilsit see 1Sovetsk
Fort William and Port Arthur and adjacent Tiltonsville (village, Ohio, north central United
townships. Lakehead is properly the area States) : to 1930 Grover
around the bay that gave the city’s name.) Timashyovsk (town, southwestern Russia) : to
Thurgau (canton, northeastern Switzerland) : 1966 Timashyovskaya
French Thurgovie Timashyovskaya see Timashyovsk
Thurgovie see Thurgau Timbiras (town, northeastern Brazil) : to 1944
Thurii see Sibari Monte Alegre
Thüringen see Thuringia Timbuctoo see Timbuktu
Thuringia (region, southern Germany) : [Ger- Timbuktu (city, central Mali) : alternate French
man Thüringen] Tombouctou; traditional English Timbuctoo
Thurles (town, south central Ireland) : Irish (The traditional form entered the English lan-
Durlas guage as a generic name for a remote place.)
Thyatira see Akhisar Timgad (town, northeastern Algeria) : Roman
Thysdrus see El Djem Thamugadi
Thysville see Mbanza-Ngungu Timiryazevo (village, western Russia) : to 1945
Tiaret (city, northern Algeria) : formerly Tagdempt German Neukirch
©nbah see Thebes Timiryazevsky (town, southern Russia) : to 1940
Tiber (river, central Italy) : [Italian Tevere]; Novaya Eushta
Roman Tiberis Timi£oara (city, western Romania) : to 1918
Tiberias, Sea of see Galilee, Sea of Hungarian Temesvár; to 1867 German
Tiberis see Tiber Temeschwar-Josephstadt
Tibet (autonomous region, southwestern China) Timon (city, northeastern Brazil) : to 1944 Flores
: [Tibetan Bod; Chinese Xizang] Timor Timur see East Timor
Tibur see Tivoli Tinea see Tyne
Ticino (canton, southern Switzerland) : French Tingis see Tangier
Tessin Tingvalla see Karlstad
Ticinum see Pavia Tintern (village, southeastern Wales) : Welsh
Ticonderoga (village, New York, northeastern Tyndyrn
United States) : to 1759 Fort Carillon Tiobraid Árann see Tipperary
Tiegenhof see Nowy Dwór Gdaüski Tipp City (town, Ohio, north central United
Tienen (town, central Belgium) : French Tir- States) : formerly Tippecanoe City
lemont Tippecanoe City see Tipp City
Tierra de O’Higgins see Antarctic Peninsula Tipperary (town, south central Ireland) : Irish
Tiflis see T’bilisi Tiobraid Árann
Tiflisskaya see Tbilisskaya Tiptona see 1Columbus
Tigh a Ghearraidh see Tigharry Tirana see Tiranë
Tigharry (village, Western Isles, northwestern Tiranë (city, central Albania) : alternate Tirana
Scotland) : Gaelic Tigh a Ghearraidh Tqrhala see Trikala
Tighenif (town, northwestern Algeria) : formerly Tirlemont see Tienen
Palikao Tqrnova see (1) Malko TQrnovo; (2) Veliko
Tighina (city, southeastern Moldova) : 1940– TQrnovo
1991 Russian Bendery; 1919–1940 Romanian Tirol see Tyrol
Tighina; 1538–1918 Russian Bendery (The al- Tirolo see Tyrol
ternate form Bender was also current.) Tirschtiegel see Trzciel
 207 Tongking

Tiruchchirappalli (city, southern India) : for- merly Muztor; 1940–1944 Toktogul; to 1940
merly (and still also alternate) Trichinopoly Akchi-Karasu
Tischnowitz see Ti§nov Tokyo (city, east central Japan) : to 1868 Edo
Ti§nov (town, southeastern Czech Republic) : to Tôlanaro (town, southeastern Madagascar) : for-
1918, 1939–1945 German Tischnowitz merly French Fort-Dauphin
Tisovec (town, south central Slovakia) : to 1918 Tolbiacum see Zülpich
Hungarian Tiszolc Tolbukhin see Dobrich
Tissemsilt (town, northern Algeria) : to c.1962 Tole Bi (village, southeastern Kazakhstan) : for-
French Vialar merly Russian Novotroitskoye
Tiszaszederkény see Tiszaújváros Toledo (city, central Spain) : Roman Toletum
Tiszaújváros (town, northeastern Hungary); Tolentino (town, central Italy) : Roman Tolenti-
1970–1990 Lenínváros; to 1970 Tiszaszeder- num
kény Tolentinum see Tolentino
Tiszolc see Tisovec Toletum see Toledo
Titicut see Bridgewater Toliary (town, southwestern Madagascar) : to
Titograd see Podgorica 1978 Tuléar
Titova Korenica (village, western Croatia) : to Tolkemit see Tolkmicko
c.1945 Korenica Tolkmicko (town, northern Poland) : 1772–1945
Titova Mitrovica see Kosovska Mitrovica German Tolkemit
Titovo U±ice see U±ice Tolmeta (town, northeastern Libya) : ancient
Titovo Velenje see Velenje Greek Ptolemaïs
Titov Veles see Veles Tolosa see Toulouse
Titov Vrbas see Vrbas Tolstoye see Tovste
Titusville (city, Florida, southeastern United Tol’yatti (city, western Russia) : to 1964 Stav-
States) : to 1874 Sand Point ropol’ (The city, named for the Italian Com-
Tivoli (city, central Italy) : Roman Tibur munist politician Palmiro Togliatti, became
Tlaxiaco (town, southeastern Mexico) : alternate known to Italians as Togliattigrad, translating
formal Heroica Ciudad de Tlaxiaco; formerly Russian gorod Tol’yatti, “city of Tol’yatti,” fol-
Santa María Asunción Tlaxiaco lowing construction of the Italian-backed
Tùuste see Tovste FIAT automobile manufacturing plant here,
Tmolus see Boz Dağ the largest in Russia.)
Toamasina (city, eastern Madagascar) : formerly Tomanivi (mountain, western Fiji) : formerly
French Tamatave Mt. Victoria
Tobias Barreto (city, northeastern Brazil) : to Tomari (town, eastern Russia) : 1905–1945 Japa-
1944 Campos nese Tomarioru
Toblach see Dobbiaco Tomari see Golovnino
Tobruk (city, northern Libya) : ancient Greek Tomarikishi see Vakhrushev
Antipyrgos Tomarioru see Tomari
Tocantinópolis (city, north central Brazil) : to Tombiacum see Zülpich
1944 Boa Vista Tombouctou see Timbuktu
Tocqueville see Ras el Oued Tombua (town, southwestern Angola) : formerly
Todi (town, central Italy) : Roman Tuder Portuguese Porto Alexandre
Todor Ikonomovo (village, northeastern Bul- Tomesha see Death Valley
garia) : to 1934 Makhmuzlii Tomi see Constan´a
Todos Santos see 1Concord Tomislavgrad (town, southwestern Bosnia-
Togliattigrad see Tol’yatti Herzegovina) : 1945–1991 Duvno
Tojikobod (town, central Tajikistan) : (Russian Tønder (town, southwestern Denmark) : 1864–
Tajikabad); to 1949 Kalay-Lyabiob 1920 German Tondern
Tokarivka see 2Pershotravens’k Tondern see Tønder
Tokaryovka see 2Pershotravens’k Tonekabon (town, northern Iran) : to 1980
Tokelau (island group, central Pacific) : Shahsavar
1919–1946 Union Islands Tonga (island kingdom, southwestern Pacific) :
Töketerebes see Trebi§ov formerly Friendly Islands
Tokmak (city, southeastern Ukraine) : to 1962 Tongeren (town, northeastern Belgium) : French
Velykyy Tokmak (Russian Bol’shoy Tokmak) Tongres
Toktogul (town, west central Kyrgyzstan) : for- Tongking see Hanoi
Tongres 208

Tongres see Tongeren Tours (city, west central France) : Roman Caesar-
Tongzhou see Nantong odunum
Tonkin see Hanoi Tovarishcha Khatayevicha, imeni see Synel’-
Tonquin see Hanoi nykove
Toowoomba (city, Queensland, eastern Aus- Tovarkovo see Tovarkovsky
tralia) : originally The Swamp Tovarkovsky (town, western Russia) : 1932–1957
Topol’Vany (city, western Slovakia) : to 1918 Kaganovich; to 1932 Tovarkovo
Hungarian Nag ytapolcsány Tovarysha Katayevycha, imeny see Synel’ny-
Topolovgrad (town, southeastern Bulgaria) : to kove
1934 Kavaklii; to 1878 Turkish Kavaklq Tovste (town, western Ukraine) : (Russian Tol-
Topolya see BaVka Topola stoye); to 1939 Polish Tùuste
Topornino see Kushnarenkovo Towcester (town, south central England) :
Torda see Turda Roman Lactodurum
Torez (city, southeastern Ukraine) : 1870s–1964 Town of Kansas see 1Kansas City
Chystyakove (Russian Chistyakovo); 1840–1870s Towyn see Tywyn
Oleksiyeve-Leonove (Russian Alekseyevo- Toyohara see Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk
Leonovo); earlier Oleksiyivka (Russian Alek- Toyota (city, central Japan) : to 1938 Koromo
seyevka) Trabzon (city, northeastern Turkey) : formerly
Torgovaya see Sal’sk Trebizond; ancient Greek Trapezus (The former
Torhout (town, western Belgium) : French name is historically valid for the Greek empire,
Thourout with the city as its capital, that existed from
Torino see Turin 1204 to 1461.)
Torlak see Tsar Kaloyan Tracadigetche see Carleton
Tornal’a (town, southern Slovakia) : 1949–1990 Trachenberg see Õmigród
¶afárikovo; to 1918, 1938–1945 Hungarian Tor- Tragurium see Trogir
nalja Trail (town, British Columbia, southwestern
Tornalja see Tornal’a Canada) : to 1897 Trail Creek
Torneå see Tornio Trail Creek see Trail
Tornio (town, western Finland) : to 1809 Trajani Portus see Civitavecchia
Swedish Torneå Trajan Way see Via
Toro see Shakhtyorsk Trajectum ad Mosam see Maastricht
Toronto (city, Ontario, southeastern Canada) : Trajectum ad Rhenum see Utrecht
1793–1834 York (The earlier name remains Trakai (town, southeastern Lithuania) : (Russian
represented in the metropolitan borough of Trakay); to 1918 Russian Troki
York.) Trakay see Trakai
Torrington (city, Connecticut, northeastern Tralee (town, southwestern Ireland) : Irish Trá Lí
United States) : to 1732 New Orleans Village Trá Lí see Tralee
To’rtko’l (town, western Uzbekistan) : (Russian Transcarpathian Oblast (administrative region,
Turtkul’); to c.1920 Russian Petroaleksandrovsk western Ukraine) : (Russian Zakarpatskaya
Tortona (town, northwestern Italy) : Roman Oblast’); [Ukrainian Zakarpats’ka Oblast’]; for-
Dertona merly Ruthenia
Toruü (city, northern Poland) : 1793–1807, 1815– Transilvania see Transylvania
1919, 1939–1945 German Thorn Transjordan see Jordan
Toscana see Tuscany Transvaal (region, northeastern South Africa) :
Toscanella see Tuscania 1857–1877, 1884–1902 South African Republic
Toshkent see Tashkent (The former name should not be confused
Totis see Tata with that of the present Republic of South
Tótmegyer see Palárikovo Africa.)
Toul (town, northeastern France) : Roman Tul- Transylvania (region, western and central Roma-
lum nia) : [Romanian Transilvania]; 1867–1918
Toulon (city, southeastern France) : Roman Telo Hungarian Erdély; earlier German Siebenbür-
Martius gen
Toulouse (city, southern France) : Roman Tolosa Trapani (city, southern Italy) : Roman Drepanum
Tourane see Da Nang Trapezus see Trabzon
Tournai (city, southwestern Belgium) : Flemish Trau see Trogir
Doornik; Roman Turnacum Traù see Trogir
 209 Tripoli

Trautenau see Trutnov 2

Trenton (city, Michigan, northern United
Trbovlje (town, central Slovenia) : to 1918, 1941– States) : 1837–1847 Truago; to 1837 Truaxton
1945 German Trifail 3
Trenton (town, Ontario, southeastern Canada) :
Treamlod see Ambleston formerly Trent Town; originally Trent Port
T†ebechovice pod Orebem (town, east central Trent Port see 3Trenton
Czech Republic) : to 1918, 1939–1945 German Trentschin see TrenVín
Hohenbruck Trentschiner Bad see TrenWianske Teplice
Treberfedd see Middletown Trent Town see 3Trenton
T†ebíV (town, southern Czech Republic) : to Treptow see Altentreptow
1918, 1939–1945 German Trebitsch Treptow an der Rega see Trzebiatów
Trebi§ov (city, southeastern Slovakia) : to 1918 Três Rios (city, southeastern Brazil) : to 1943
Hungarian Töketerebes Entre Rios
Trebitsch see T†ebíV Tres Tabernae see Saverne
Trebizond see Trabzon Tresimwn see Bonvilston
Trebnitz see Trzebnica III Internatsionala, imeni see Novoshakhtinsk
T†eboû (town, southern Czech Republic) : to Treuburg see Olecko
1918, 1939–1945 German Wittingau Treurfontein see Coligny
Trecelyn see Newbridge Treves see Trier
Tredegar Newydd see New Tredegar Trèves see Trier
Tredelerch see Rumney Treviso (city, northeastern Italy) : Roman Tarvi-
Tredeml see Templeton sium
Trefaldwyn see Montgomery Trewyddel see Moylgrove
Trefdraeth see 2Newport Trichinopoly see Tiruchchirappalli
Treffynnon see Holywell Tridentum see Trento
Trefonnen see Nash Trient see Trento
Treforgan see Morganstown Trier (city, western Germany) : 1801–1815 French
Treforys see Morriston Trèves; formerly English Treves; Roman Au-
Trefyclo see Knighton gusta Treverorum
Trefynwy see Monmouth Triest see Trieste
Tregatwg see Cadoxton Trieste (city, northeastern Italy) : to 1919 German
Tre-groes see 3Whitchurch Triest; Roman Tergeste
Tre-gŵyr see Gowerton Trifail see Trbovlje
Treletert see Letterston Trigo de Morais see Chókwé
Trembowla see Terebovlya Trikala (town, northern Greece) : to 1881 Turk-
Tremedal see Monte Azul ish Tqrhala
Tremessen see Trzemeszno Trikora (mountain, western Indonesia) : to 1963
TrenWianske Teplice (town, western Slovakia) : Wilhelmina Top
to 1918 Hungarian Trencsén-Teplic; to 1867 Trim (town, eastern Ireland) : Irish Baile Átha
German Trentschiner Bad Troim
TrenVín (town, western Slovakia) : to 1918 Hun- Trimontium see (1) Newstead; (2) Plovdiv
garian Trencsén; to 1867 German Trentschin Trinchera de los Paraguayos see Posadas
Trencsén see TrenVín Trinchera de San José see Posadas
Trencsén-Teplic see TrenWianske Teplice T†inec (town, eastern Czech Republic) : 1939–
Trent (river, east central England) : Roman 1945 German Trzynietz; 1918–1919, 1938–1939
Trisantona Polish Trzyniec; to 1918 German Trzynietz
Trent see Trento 1
Tripoli (city, northwestern Lebanon) : [Arabic
Trentino-Alto Adige (region, northeastern Italy) ©arIbulus ash-ShIm]; ancient Greek Tripolis.
: 1919–1947 Venezia Tridentina (The Greek name was that of the capital of a
Trento (city, northern Italy) : to 1918 German federation of three cities: Sidon [now Saida],
Trient; formerly English Trent; Roman Triden- Tyre [now Sur], and Aradus [now Arwad]. The
tum (The English name is historically pre- Arabic name, meaning “northern Tripoli,” dis-
served for the Council of Trent, the ecumeni- tinguishes the city from 2Tripoli.)
cal council of the Roman Catholic church, 2
Tripoli (city, northwestern Libya) : [Arabic
which met here in the 16th century.) ©arIbulus al-Gharb]; ancient Greek Tripolis.
1
Trenton (city, New Jersey, northeastern United (The Greek name was originally that of a fed-
States) : to 1721 The Falls eration of three cities: Leptis Magna (now Lab-
Tripolis 210

dah), Sabrata, and Oea, which last alone sur- Trujillo see 1San Cristóbal
vived into medieval times and became iden- Trujillo, Monte see Duarte, Pico
tified with the present city. The Arabic name, Trujillo Bajo see Carolina
meaning “western Tripoli,” distinguishes the Trujillo Valdéz see Peravia
city from 1Tripoli.) Truk see Chuuk
Tripolis see 1,2Tripoli Trunovskoye (village, southwestern Russia) : to
Trisantona see (1) Arun; (2) Trent 1936 Ternovskoye
Trnava (city, western Slovakia) : to 1918 Hungar- Truth or Consequences (town, New Mexico,
ian Nag yszombat; to 1867 German Tyrnau southwestern United States) : 1916–1950 Hot
Trogir (town, southern Croatia) : 1941–1943 Ital- Springs; to 1916 Springs of Palomas (The town’s
ian Traù; to 1918 German Trau; Roman Tra- original name was that of the springs by which
gurium it arose.)
Troia see 1Troy Trutnov (town, northern Czech Republic) : to
Trois-Marabouts see Sidi Ben Adda 1918, 1938–1945 German Trautenau
Trois-Rivières (city, Quebec, southeastern Trzcianka (town, northwestern Poland) : to 1945
Canada) : English Three Rivers German Schönlanke
Troitskosavsk see Kyakhta Trzciel (town, western Poland) : to 1945 German
Troitsky (city, west central Russia) : to 1928 Tirschtiegel
Peklevskaya Trzciüsko Zdrój (town, northwestern Poland) :
Troki see Trakai to 1925 Bad Schönfliess in Neumark
Trondheim (city, central Norway) : 1930–1931 Trzebiatów (town, northwestern Poland) : to
Nidaros; 1537–1930 Trondhjem; 1016–1537 1945 German Treptow an der Rega
Nidaros; originally Kaupangr (The earlier name Trzebnica (town, southwestern Poland) : to 1945
lives on in the city’s Nidaros cathedral.) German Trebnitz
Trondhjem see Trondheim Trzemeszno (town, west central Poland) : 1793–
Troodos (mountain, southwestern Cyprus) : for- 1807, 1815–1919, 1939–1945 German Tremessen
merly Mt. Olympus (This is not the famous Tr±iV (town, northern Slovenia) : to 1918,
Mt. Olympus, home of the Greek gods, which 1941–1945 German Neumarktl
is in northeastern Greece.) Trzyniec see T†inec
Troppau see Opava Trzynietz see T†inec
Trotsk see (1) Chapayevsk; (2) Gatchina Tsarekonstantinovka see 1Kuybysheve
Troupsville see Carrollton Tsarekostyantynivka see 1Kuybysheve
Troupville see Valdosta Tsarevicha Alekseya see Maly Taymyr
1
Troy (historic city, western Turkey) : Roman Tsarevo (town, southeastern Bulgaria) : 1950–
Troia; alternate Roman Ilium; ancient Greek 1989 Michurin; 1934–1950 Tsarevo; to 1934
Ilion (The precise site of ancient Troy was Vasiliko
definitively identified only in the 19th century Tsaritsyn see Volgograd
as a large mound south of the Dardanelles Tsaritsyno see 1Lenino
known by the Turkish name Hisarlqk.) Tsar Kaloyan (town, northeastern Bulgaria) : to
2
Troy (city, New York, northeastern United 1934 Torlak; earlier Khlebarovo
States) : to 1789 Vanderheyden’s Ferry Tsarskoye Selo see Pushkin
Troy see (1) 2Aylmer; (2) Fall River Tsaryovokokshaysk see Yoshkar-Ola
Troyes (city, northeastern France) : Roman Civi- Tsaryovosanchursk see Sanchursk
tas Tricassium; earlier Roman Augustobona Tschaslau see Táslav
Trstená (town, northern Slovakia) : to 1918 Hun- Tschechische Teschen see Tesky Tfi§ín
garian Trsztena Tschenstochau see Czdstochowa
Trsztena see Trstená Tschirnau see Czernina
Truago see 2Trenton Tselinograd see Astana
Truaxton see 2Trenton Tsementny see Fokino
Trucial Oman see United Arab Emirates Tsentrosoyuz see Komsomol’s’kyy
Trucial States see United Arab Emirates Tshwane (city, northeastern South Africa) : to
Trud (village, south central Bulgaria) : to 1943 2007 Pretoria (The new name was officially
Klimentina; to 1889 Chiriplii applied to the metropolitan area of Pretoria
Trudovaya Kommuna imeni Dzerzhinskogo rather than the inner city.)
see Dzerzhinsky Tsiigehtchic (village, Northwest Territories,
Trujillo (town, western Spain) : Roman Turgalium northwestern Canada) : to 1999 Arctic Red River
 211 Tuscania

Tskhakaya see Senaki Tupanciretã (city, southern Brazil) : to 1938

Ts’khinvali (city, north central Georgia) : 1934– Tupaciretã
1961 Staliniri Tupelo (city, Mississippi, southern United
Tskhum see Sokhumi States) : originally Gum Pond
Tsulukidze see Khoni Tura (town, central Russia) : to 1938 Tur’inskaya
Tsurukhaytuy see Priargunsk Kul’tbaza
Tsyurupinsk see Tsyurupyns’k Turanga see Gisborne
Tsyurupy, imeni (town, western Russia) : to Turar Ryskulov (town, southern Kazakhstan) :
1935 Vanilovo formerly Russian Vannovka
Tsyurupyns’k (town, southern Ukraine) : (Rus- TurVianske Teplice (town, west central Slovakia)
sian Tsyurupinsk); to 1928 Oleshky (Russian : to 1945 ¶tubnianske Teplice
Alyoshki) TurViansky Svätï Martin see Martin
Tthedzeh Koe see Wrigley Turda (city, northwestern Romania) : to 1918
Tthenaagoo see Nahanni Butte Hungarian Torda
Tuaim see Tuam Turdossin see Tvrdo§ín
Tuam (town, western Ireland) : Irish Tuaim Turenne see Sabra
Tuapeka see Lawrence Turgalium see Trujillo
Túbano see Padre Las Casas T≠rgovishte (city, east central Bulgaria) : 1878–
Tuchel see Tuchola 1909 Eski Dzhumaya; to 1878 Turkish Eski-
Tuchola (town, northern Poland) : 1772–1919, cumaa (The city should not be confused with
1939–1945 German Tuchel Târgovi£te, south central Romania.)
Tucuruí (city, northeastern Brazil) : to 1944 Turin (city, northeastern Italy) : [Italian Torino];
Alcobaça Roman Augusta Taurinorum; earlier Roman
Tuczno (town, northwestern Poland) : to 1945 Taurasia
German Tütz Tur’inskaya Kul’tbaza see Tura
Tuder see Todi Tur’inskiye Rudniki see Krasnotur’insk
Tüffer see La§ko Turkana, Lake (northern Kenya) : to 1975 (and
Tuktoyaktuk (village, Northwest Territories, still alternate) Lake Rudolf
northwestern Canada) : 1939–1950 Port Bra- Turkestan (city, southern Kazakhstan) : formerly
bant Yasi; earlier Shavgar
Tukum see Tukums Turkey (republic, southeastern Europe/south-
Tukums (town, northern Latvia) : to 1918 Rus- western Asia) : [Turkish Türkiye] (European
sian Tukum Turkey represents only about 3 percent of the
Tukuyu (town, southwestern Tanzania) : for- country’s area. Asian Turkey is also known as
merly German Neu-Langenburg Anatolia.)
Tulach Mhór see Tullamore Turkey Hill see Fitchburg
Tulatovo see Iriston Türkiye see Turkey
Tulça see Tulcea Türkmenabat (city, eastern Turkmenistan) :
Tulcea (city, southeastern Romania) : to 1878 1940–1999 Chardzhou; 1927–1940 Chardzhuy;
Turkish Tulça 1924–1927 Leninsk-Turkmensky
Tuléar see Toliary Turkmenbashi (city, northwestern Turkmeni-
Tuleburg see Stockton stan) : to 1994 Russian Krasnovodsk
Tulita (village, Northwest Territories, northwest- Turku (city, southwestern Finland) : to 1809
ern Canada) : to 1999 Fort Norman Swedish Åbo
Tullamore (town, central Ireland) : Irish Tulach Turnacum see Tournai
Mhór Turnau see Turnov
Tullum see Toul Turnov (town, northern Czech Republic) : to
Tumanyan (town, northern Armenia) : to 1951 1918, 1939–1945 German Turnau
Dzagidzor Turócszentmárton see Martin Turris Libisonis
Tun see Ferdows see Porto Torres
Tunes see Tunis Turski Tr≠stenik see Slavyanovo
Tunis (city, northeastern Tunisia) : Roman Tunes Tursunzade (town, western Tajikistan) : 1952–
Tunis see Tunisia 1978 Regar; to 1952 Russian Stantsiya-Regar
Tunisia (republic, northern Africa) : formerly Turtkul’ see To’rtk’ol
Tunis Turtucaia see Tutrakan
Tupaciretã see Tupanciretã Tuscania (town, central Italy) : to 1911 Toscanella
Tuscany 212

Tuscany (region, central Italy) : [Italian Toscana] Tyuriseva see Ushkovo

Tusket Wedge see Wedgeport Tyva (republic, southern Russia) : (Russian
Tutayev (city, western Russia) : to 1918 Romanov- Tuva); formerly Russian Tannu-Tuva; to 1921
Borisoglebsk (The former name represents the Mongolian Uriankhai
two sections of the town, either side of the Tywyn (village, western Wales) : formerly mostly
Volga.) Towyn (The present spelling distinguishes the
Tutrakan (town, northeastern Bulgaria) : 1913– village from Towyn in northern Wales. Both
1940 Romanian Turtucaia are seaside resorts.)
Tütz see Tuczno Uachtar Ard see Oughterard
Tuva see Tyva Ubaíra (town, eastern Brazil) : to 1944 Areia
Tuvalu (island republic, southwestern Pacific) : Ubaitaba (town, eastern Brazil) : to 1944 Itapira
to 1978 Ellice Islands (In 1916 the islands be- Ubangi-Shari see Central African Republic
came part of the British Gilbert and Ellice Is- Ubirama see Lençóis Paulista
lands colony, with the Gilbert Islands giving Ubundu (town, northeastern Democratic Repub-
the name of Kiribati.) lic of the Congo) : to 1966 French Ponthierville
Tver’ (city, western Russia) : 1931–1991 Kalinin Uccle (town, central Belgium) : Flemish Ukkel
Tvrdo§ín (town, northern Slovakia) : to 1918 (The town is now a suburb of Brussels.)
Hungarian Turdossin Uch-Korgon (village, western Kyrgyzstan) :
Twardogóra (town, southwestern Poland) : to 1938–1957 Russian Molotovabad; to 1938 Uch-
1945 German Festenberg Kurgan (The village should not be confused
Twickenham see Huntsville with the town of Uchkurgan, eastern Uzbek-
Tyachev see Tyachiv istan.)
Tyachiv (town, western Ukraine) : (Russian Tya- Uchkuprik (village, eastern Uzbekistan) :
chev); 1944–1945 Czech T’aVovo; 1938–1944 c.1940–1957 Russian Molotovo; 1937–c.1940
Hungarian Tecsâ; 1919–1938 Czech T’aVovo; to Russian imeni Molotova; to 1937 Uchkupryuk
1918 Hungarian Tecsâ Uchkupryuk see Uchkuprik
Tyan’-Shan’ see 1Naryn Uch-Kurgan see Uch-Korgon
Tyatino (village, eastern Russia) : 1905–1945 Udagamandalam (town, southern India) : for-
Japanese Chinomiji merly English Ootacamund
Tyddewi see St. David’s Udarny (town, eastern Russia) : 1905–1945 Japa-
Tŷ-du see Rogerstone nese Taihei
Tylyhulo-Berezanka see Berezanka Udd see Chkalov
Tymovskoye (town, eastern Russia) : to 1949 Udine (province, northeastern Italy) : 1923–
Derbinskoye c.1945 Friuli
Tynda (city, eastern Russia) : to 1975 Tyndinsky Udmurt Autonomous Oblast see Udmurt Re-
Tyndinsky see Tynda public
Tyndyrn see Tintern Udmurt Autonomous Republic see Udmurt
Tyne (river, northeastern England) : Roman Republic
Tinea Udmurtia see Udmurt Republic
Tyngstown see 2Manchester Udmurt Republic (western Russia) : alternate
Tï n nad Vltavou (town, southern Czech Repub- Udmurtia; 1934–1991 Udmurt Autonomous Re-
lic) : to 1918, 1939–1945 German Moldautein public; 1932–1934 Udmurt Autonomous Oblast;
Tyoploye Ozero see Teploozyorsk 1920–1932 Votyak Autonomous Oblast (The
Tyoply Klyuch see Klyuchevsk various names involve a change in political sta-
Tyoply Stan see Sechenovo tus or ethnic appellation.)
Tyras see (1) Bilhorod-Dnistrovs’kyy; Ugernum see Beaucaire
(2) Dniester Uggehnen see Matrosovo
Tyre see Sur Uglegorsk (town, eastern Russia) : 1905–1945
Tyrisevä see Ushkovo Japanese Esutoru
Tyrnau see Trnava Uglegorsk see Vuhlehirs’k
Tyrol (region, western Austria/northern Italy) : Uglekamensk (village, southeastern Russia) : to
alternate Tirol; [Italian Tirolo] (The northern 1972 Severny Suchan
part of the region is now the Austrian state of Ugleural’sky (town, west central Russia) : to 1951
Tirol, with the German form of the name. In Polovinka
1919 the southern part became the Italian dis- Uglezavodsk (town, eastern Russia) : 1905–1945
trict of Alto Adige, now Trentino-Alto Adige.) Japanese Higashi-naibuchi
 213 Union Islands

Ugnev see Uhniv Ulcinj (town, southern Montenegro) : formerly

Ugodsky Zavod see Zhukovo Italian Dulcegno; to 1880 Turkish Ülgün
Ugol’ny (village, eastern Russia) : 1905–1945 Uleåborg see Oulu
Japanese Taiei Ülgün see Ulcinj
Ugol’ny see Karpinsk Ulongue (village, northwestern Mozambique) :
Ugol’nyye Kopi see Kopeysk 1945–1975 Portuguese Vila Coutinho
Uherské Hradi§tfi (city, southeastern Czech Re- Ulster see Northern Ireland
public) : to 1918, 1939–1945 German Un- Ulu Dağ (mountain, northwestern Turkey) : for-
garisch-Hradisch merly Mt. Olympus. (This is not the famous
Uherskï Brod (town, southeastern Czech Re- Mt. Olympus, home of the Greek gods, which
public) : to 1918, 1939–1945 German Ungar- is in northeastern Greece.)
isch-Brod Ulugbek (town, northeastern Uzbekistan) : for-
Uherskï Ostroh (town, southeastern Czech Re- merly Khodzhaakhrar
public) : to 1918, 1939–1945 German Un- Uluqsaqtuua see Holman
garisch-Ostra Uluru see Ayers Rock
1
Uhniv (town, western Ukraine) : (Russian Ul’yanovka (town, south central Ukraine) : to
Ugnev); to 1939 Polish Uhnów 1924 Hrushka (Russian Grushka)
2
Uhnów see Uhniv Ul’yanovka (town, western Russia) : to 1923
Uhtua see Kalevala Sablino
1
Uíbh Fhailí see Offaly Ul’yanovo (village, western Russia, near
Uibhist a’ Deas see South Uist Sukhinichi) : to 1938 Plokhino
2
Uibhist a’ Tuath see North Uist Ul’yanovo (village, western Russia, near Kalin-
Uíge (town, northwestern Angola) : formerly ingrad) : to 1945 German Breitenstein
Portuguese Vila Marechal Carmona Ul’yanovo see Dashtobod
Ujazd (town, southern Poland) : to 1945 German Ul’yanovsk see Simbirsk
Bischofstal Ulzio see Oulx
Újbánya see Nová Baûa Umal’tinsky (village, eastern Russia) : to 1942
Uji-yamada see Ise Polovinka
Ujlak see Vel’ké Zálu±ie Umanskaya see Leningradskaya
Ujung Pandang (city, central Indonesia) : for- Umba (town, northwestern Russia) : formerly
merly Macassar Lesnoy
Újverbász see Vrbas Umm DurmIn see Omdurman
Újvidék see Novi Sad Umtali see Mutare
UK see United Kingdom Umvuma see Mvuma
Ukhta (city, northwestern Russia) : to 1939 Umzimvubu see Port St. John’s
Chibyu Una see Ibiúna
Ukhta see Kalevala Ungarisch-Altenburg see Magyaróvár
Ukkel see Uccle Ungarisch-Brod see Uherskï Brod
Ukmergc (town, east central Lithuania) : to 1918 Ungarisch-Hradisch see Uherské Hradi§tfi
Russian Vilkomir Ungarisch-Ostra see Uherskï Ostroh
Ukraina see Ukraine Ungarn see Hungary
Ukraine (republic, central Europe) : (Russian Ungeny see Ungheni
Ukraina); [Ukrainian Ukrayina] Ungheni (city, western Moldova) : (Russian
Ukrainsk see Ukrains’k Ungeny); 1919–1940 Romanian Ungheni; to
Ukrains’k (town eastern Ukraine) : (Russian 1918 Russian Ungeny
Ukrainsk); to 1963 Lisivka (Russian Lesovka) Ungvár see Uzhhorod
Ukrayina see Ukraine União see (1) Jaguaruana; (2) União dos Pal-
Ukrepleniye Kommunizma see Ivanishchi mares
Uku (village, western Angola) : formerly Por- União dos Palmares (city, northeastern Brazil) :
tuguese Vila Nova do Seles to 1944 União
1
Ulaanbaatar see Ulan Bator Union (town, New Jersey, northeastern United
Ulala see Gorno-Altaysk States) : originally Connecticut Farms
2
Ulan Bator (city, north central Mongolia) : Union (town, South Carolina, southeastern
[Mongolian Ulaanbaatar]; to 1924 Urga United States) : originally Unionville
Ulan-Ude (city, southeastern Russia) : to 1934 Union Colony see Greeley
Verkhneudinsk Union Islands see Tokelau
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics 214

Union of Soviet Socialist Republics see Russia Uritsk (town, western Russia) : to 1925 Ligovo
Uniontown (town, Pennsylvania, northeastern (The town is now part of St. Petersburg.)
United States) : originally Beeson’s Town Uritskoye see Sarykol’
Unionville see (1) Scranton; (2) Streator; Uritsky see Sarykol’
(3) 2Union Urmia see Or¨mnyeh
United Arab Emirates (federation, southwestern Ur of the Chaldees see Ur
Asia) : to 1971 Trucial States or Trucial Oman Uro§evac (village, southern Kosovo) : to 1913
(Oman itself is not one of the seven emirates Turkish Firusbey
that comprise the federation.) Ursat’yevskaya see Xovos
United Arab Republic see Egypt Urso see Osuna
United Kingdom (kingdom, western Europe) : Uruaçu (city, central Brazil) : to 1944 Portuguese
formally United Kingdom of Great Britain and Santana
Northern Ireland; colloquially UK (The infor- Urumyenikoy see B≠lgarevo
mal name Britain, more commonly applied to Urundi see Burundi
Great Britain, is also sometimes used for the Urupês (town, southeastern Brazil) : to 1944
United Kingdom, as also is England, properly Portuguese Mundo Novo
the southern part of the country, but also its Urupskaya see Sovetskaya
chief and largest part.) Urus-Martan (city, southwestern Russia) : 1944–
United Kingdom of Great Britain and North- 1957 Krasnoarmeyskoye
ern Ireland see United Kingdom Uryu see Kirillovo
United Provinces of Agra and Oudh see Uttar USA see United States
Pradesh U¢ciùug see Ustyluh
United States (federal republic, southern North Ushant see Ouessant
America) : formally United States of America; Ushiro see Orlovo
colloquially USA; informally America Ushkovo (village, northwestern Russia) : to 1948
United States of America see United States Finnish Tyrisevä (The village passed to the
Unruhstadt see Kargowa USSR in 1940, but retained its Finnish name,
Untervalden see Podlesnoye in russianized form Tyuriseva, until 1948.)
Upland see 2Chester Usk (town, southeastern Wales) : Welsh Bryn-
Upper Canada see Ontario buga; Roman Burrium (The river on which the
Upper Canisteo see Hornell town stands, and from which it takes its pres-
Upper Peru see Bolivia ent name, was known to the Romans as Isca.
Upper Volta see Burkina Faso The same river flows through Caerleon.)
Uqsuqtuq see Gjoa Haven Üsküb see Skopje
Ur (ancient city, southern Iraq) : biblical Ur of Üsküdar (town, northwestern Turkey) : formerly
the Chaldees Scutari; ancient Greek Chrysopolis (The town is
Uralets (town, west central Russia) : to 1933 now a district of Istanbul.)
Krasny Ural Usol’ye see Usol’ye-Sibirskoye
Uralmedstroy see Krasnoural’sk Usol’ye-Sibirskoye (city, southern Russia) : to
Ural’sk see Oral 1940 Usol’ye
Uramir see Romit Usol’ye-Solikamskoye see Berezniki
Urbakh see 2Pushkino Uspenka see 2Kirovsky
Urbino (town, central Italy) : Roman Urbinum USSR see Russia
Hortense Ussuriysk (city, eastern Russia) : 1935–1957
Urbinum Hortense see Urbino Voroshilov; 1926–1935 Nikol’sk-Ussuriysky; to
Urbs Vetus see Orvieto 1926 Nikol’sk
Urfa see ßanlqurfa Ust’-Abakanskoye see Abakan
Urga see Ulan Bator Ust’-Balyk see Nefteyugansk
Urganch (city, southern Uzbekistan) : to 1929 Ust’-Belokalitvenskaya see Belaya Kalitva
Russian Novourgench (The city, formerly Ur- Ust’-Borovaya see Borovsk
gench, should not be confused with Keneur- Ust’-Dvinsk see Daugavgrnva
gench, Turkmenistan, 85 miles to the north- Ustilug see Ustyluh
west.) Ústí nad Labem (city, northwestern Czech Re-
Urgench see Urganch public) : to 1918, 1948–1945 German Aussig an
Uriankhai see Tyva der Elbe
Uriconium see Wroxeter Ústi nad Orlicí (town, northeastern Czech Re-
 215 Val-Brillant

public) : to 1918, 1939–1945 German Wilden- Uzenitsa see Uzyn

schwert Uzenytsa see Uzyn
Ustinov see Izhevsk Uzès-le-Duc see Oued el Abtal
Ustka (town, northwestern Poland) : to 1945 Uzhgorod see Uzhhorod
German Stolpmünde Uzhhorod (city, western Ukraine) : (Russian
Ust’-Katav (city, western Russia) : to 1943 Ust’- Uzhgorod); 1944–1945 Czech U±horod; 1938–
Katavsky Zavod 1944 Hungarian Ungvár; 1919–1938 Czech
Ust’-Katavsky Zavod see Ust’-Katav U±horod; to 1918 Hungarian Ungvár (The city
Ust’-Kamenogorsk see Öskemen was under Hungarian control from the late
Ust’-Medveditskaya see Serafimovich 11th century to 1918 and was under Hungarian
Ust’-Orda see Ust’-Ordynsky occupation during World War II.)
Ust’-Ordynsky (town, eastern Russia) : to 1941 U±horod see Uzhhorod
Ust’-Orda U±ice (city, western Serbia) : 1947–1992 Titovo
Ust’-Penzhino see Kamenskoye U±ice
Ustronie Morskie (village, northern Poland) : to Uzin see Uzyn
1945 German Henkenhagen Uzlovoye (village, western Russia) : to 1945 Ger-
Ustrzyki Dolne (town, southeastern Poland) : man Rautenberg
1939–1951 Russian Nizhniye Ustriki Uzunköprü (town, northwestern Turkey) :
Ust’-Sysol’sk see Syktyvkar 1920–1922 modern Greek Maura Gefura
Ust’-Vorkuta (town, northwestern Russia) : for- Uzyn (town, central Ukraine) : (Russian Uzin);
merly Sangorodok 1773–c.1800 Tembershchyna (Russian Tember-
Ustyluh (town, western Ukraine) : (Russian shchina); originally Uzenytsa (Russian Uze-
Ustilug); to 1939 Polish U¢ciùug nitsa)
Usumbura see Bujumbura Uzynkol’ (village, northern Kazakhstan) : for-
Uszor see Hviezdoslavov merly Russian Leninskoye; earlier Russian
Utah (state, western United States) : to 1850 Dem’yanovka
Deseret (The original name was given in 1849 Vaasa (city, southwestern Finland) : 1855–1917
to the state proclaimed by Mormon settlers in Nikolainkaupunki; to 1809 Swedish Vasa (The
Salt Lake City. The U.S. government did not Swedish equivalent of the earlier Finnish name
recognize it, and in 1850 instead legislated the was Nikolaistad.)
Utah Territory, which in 1896 took its present Vác (city, northern Hungary) : to 1867 German
name, applied to a much reduced area.) Waitzen
Utena (city, eastern Lithuania) : to 1918 Russian Vacca see Béja
Utsyany Vadinsk (village, western Russia) : to c.1940
Utkinsky Zavod see Staroutkinsk Kerensk
Utrecht (city, central Netherlands) : Roman Tra- Vadodara (city, western India) : formerly Baroda
jectum ad Rhenum (The Roman name locates (This Baroda, in Gujarat state, should not be
the city at a crossing of the Rhine, just as confused with the cities of the same name in
Maastricht arose by a crossing of the Meuse.) Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan states.)
Utsyany see Utena Vagarshapat see Ejmiatsin
Uttar Pradesh (state, northern India) : 1902– Vágbeszterce see Pova±ská Bystrica
1950 United Provinces of Agra and Oudh Vágsellye see ¶al’a
Uudenmaan (province, southern Finland) : for- Vágújhely see Nové Mesto nad Váhom
merly Uusimaa; to 1809 Swedish Nyland Vajdahunyad see Hunedoara
Uuras see Vysotsk Vakhrushev (town, eastern Russia) : 1905–1945
Uusikaupunki (town, southwestern Finland) : Japanese Tomarikishi
to 1809 Swedish Nystad (The Swedish name is Vakhsh (town, southeastern Tajikistan) : to 1950s
preserved historically for the 1721 treaty be- Russian Vakhstroy
tween Russia and Sweden.) Vakhstroy see Vakhsh
Uusimaa see Uudenmaan Valahia see Wallachia
Uvalde (town, Texas, southern United States) : Vala§ské Mezi†íVí (town, eastern Czech Repub-
to 1856 Encina lic) : to 1918, 1939–1945 German Wallachisch-
Uxantis see Ouessant Meseritsch
Uxelodunum see Stanwix Val-Brillant (village, Quebec, southeastern
Uxisama see Ouessant Canada) : 1913–1916 St.-Pierre-du-Lac; to 1913
Uzen see Tenge Cedar Hall
ValdemIrpils 216

ValdemIrpils (town, northwestern Latvia) : to Valverde see Mao

1917 German Sassmacken Vanadzor (city, northern Armenia) : 1935–1992
Valdez (town, Alaska, northwestern United Kirovakan; to 1935 Karaklis
States) : to 1898 Copper City Van Buren (town, Arkansas, south central
Val’dgeym see Dobropillya United States) : to 1838 Phillips Landing
Valdosta (city, Georgia, southeastern United Van Buren see Kettering
States) : to 1859 Troupville; originally Frank- Vancouver (city, British Columbia, southwestern
linville (The original town was renamed when Canada) : to 1886 Granville
moved east to its present site.) Vanderheyden’s Ferry see 2Troy
Vale Colliery see Thorburn Van Diemen’s Land see Tasmania
Valegotsulovo see Dolyns’ke Vandsburg see Widcbork
1
Valença see (1) Marquês de Valença; Vanier (town, Quebec, eastern Canada) : to
(2) Valença do Piauí 1966 Quebec West or French Québec-Ouest
2
Valença do Piauí (town, northeastern Brazil) : Vanier (town, Ontario, southeastern Canada) :
1944–1948 Portuguese Berlengas; to 1944 Por- to 1969 Eastview
tuguese Valença Vanilovo see Tsyurupy, imeni
Valence (town, southeastern France) : Roman Vannes (town, northwestern France) : Breton
Valentia Guened
1
Valencia (city, eastern Spain) : Roman Valentia Vannovka see Turar Ryskulov
2
Valencia (city, northwestern Venezuela) : origi- Vannovsky see Hamza
nally Nueva Valencia del Rey Vanuatu (island republic, southwestern Pacific) :
3
Valencia (island, southern Ireland) : alternate to 1980 New Hebrides; alternate former French
Valentia; Irish Dairbhre (Valencia is a corrup- Nouvelles-Hébrides (The island territory was
tion of Irish Béal Inse, the name of the sound named by the British in 1774 but gained its
between the island and the mainland.) joint French name in 1906 when a condo-
Valentia see (1) Valence; (2) 1,3Valencia minium was set up.)
Vale of Glamorgan (county, southern Wales) : Vapincum see Gap
Welsh Bro Morgannwg (The county was Varanasi (city, northeastern India) : formerly
formed in 1996 in the historic region of Glam- Benares
organ. Welsh bro, “vale,” is the opposite of Varapayeva (town, northwestern Belarus) : (Rus-
bryn, “hill.”) sian Voropayevo); 1919–1939 Polish
Valerian Way see Via Woropajewo; to 1918 Russian Voropayevo
Valga (town, southern Estonia) : alternate Lat- Vara±din (city, central Croatia) : to 1867 German
vian Valka; to 1918 Russian Valk (The town lies Warasdin
on the border with Latvia.) Varcar Vakuf see MrkonjiW-Grad
Valgravé see Souk Eltnine Varcna (town, southern Lithuania) : to 1920
Valinhos see Guaraúna Russian Orany (From 1920 to 1939 the town
Valk see Valga itself remained in Lithuania but its railroad
Valka see Valga station, named Orany, was in Poland.)
Valladolid see Morelia Vardenis (town, eastern Armenia) : to 1969
Valladolid de Santa María de Comayagua see Basargechar
Comayagua Varna (city, northeastern Bulgaria) : 1949–1956
Valle di Pompei see Pompei Stalin; ancient Greek Odessus
Valley (village, northwestern Wales) : Welsh Y Varnsdorf (town, northern Czech Republic) : to
Fali 1918, 1938–1945 German Warnsdorf
Valley City (town, North Dakota, northern Varttirayiruppu see Watrap
United States) : to 1881 Worthington Vasa see Vaasa
Valley Junction see West Des Moines Vasconia see (1) 1Basque Country; (2) Gas-
Valmiera (town, northern Latvia) : to 1917 Ger- cony
man Wolmar Vasiliko see Tsarevo
Valozhyn (town, northwestern Belarus) : (Rus- Vasil Levski (village, south central Bulgaria) : to
sian Volozhin); 1919–1939 Polish Woùo∞yn; to 1934 Mitizirovo
1918 Russian Volozhin Vasil’yevsko-Shaytansky see Pervoural’sk
Valparaíba see Cachoeira Paulista Vasilyova Sloboda see Chkalovsk
Valparaiso (city, Indiana, north central United Vasilyovo see Chkalovsk
States) : originally Portersville Vasto (town, eastern Italy) : Roman Histonium
 217 Venetia

Vasvár (town, western Hungary) : formerly Ger- Velitrae see Velletri

man Eisenburg Velká Bíte§ (town, east central Czech Republic) :
Vathy see Samos to 1918, 1939–1945 German Gross-Bitesch
Vatq see Samos Velká De§tná (mountain, northeastern Czech
Vatican (papal state, western Italy) : [Italian Vati- Republic) : to 1918, 1939–1945 German Desch-
cano] naer Kuppe
Vaticano see Vatican Velké B†ezno (village, northern Czech Republic)
Vatra Dornei (town, northern Romania) : to : to 1918, 1939–1945 German Gross-Priesen
1918 German Dorna Watra Velké Hamry (town, northern Czech Republic) :
Vaud (canton, western Switzerland) : German to 1918, 1939–1945 German Grosshammer
Waadt Velké Karlovice (village, eastern Czech Repub-
Vawkavysk (town, western Belarus) : (Russian lic) : to 1918, 1939–1945 German Gross-Kar-
Volkovysk); 1919–1939 Polish Woùkowysk; to lowitz
1918 Russian Volkovysk Vel’ké Kapu§any (town, eastern Slovakia) : to
Vayenga see Severomorsk 1938–1945 Hungarian Nag ykapos
Vazovgrad see 1Sopot Velké Losiny (village, northeastern Czech Re-
Vealtown see Bernardsville public) : to 1918, 1939–1945 German Gross-
Vectis see Wight, Isle of Ullersdorf
Vedi (town, southern Armenia) : to c.1935 Velké Mezi†íVí (town, south central Czech Re-
Beyuk-Vedi public) : to 1918, 1939–1945 German Gross-
Vedra see Wear Meseritsch
Veedersburg see 1Amsterdam Velké Opatovice (town, east central Czech Re-
Veglia see Krk public) : to 1918, 1939–1945 German Gross-
Veii see Isola Farnese Opatowitz
Vejprty (town, northwestern Czech Republic) : Velké Pavlovice (town, southeastern Czech Re-
to 1918, 1938–1945 German Weipert public) : to 1918, 1939–1945 German Gross-
Veldes see Bled Pawlowitz
Velenje (town, northern Slovenia) : formerly Velké Popovice (village, central Czech Republic)
Titovo Velenje : to 1918, 1939–1945 German Gross-Popowitz
Veles (town, central Macedonia) : 1946–1991 Vel’ké Zálu±ie (village, southwestern Slovakia) :
Titov Veles; 1913–1946 Veles; to 1913 Turkish to 1948 Ujlak
Köprülü Vel’kï Meder (town, southwestern Slovakia) :
Velia see Castellammare 1948–1990 Talovo; to 1918, 1938–1945 Hun-
Velika Kikinda see Kikinda garian Nag ymeg yer
Velikaya Bagachka see Velyka Bahachka Velkï ¶enov (town, northern Czech Republic) :
Velikaya Mikhaylovka see Velyka to 1918, 1939–1945 German Gross-Schönau
Mykhaylivka Velletri (town, central Italy) : Roman Velitrae
Velikaya Novosyolka see Velyka Novosilka Velunia see Carriden
Veliki BeVkerek see Zrenjanin Velvary (town, northwestern Czech Republic) :
Veliki Preslav (town, eastern Bulgaria) : formerly to 1918, 1939–1945 German Welwarn
Preslav; earlier Turkish Eski Stambul Velyka Bahachka (town, west central Ukraine) :
Velikiye Mosty see Velyki Mosty (Russian Velikaya Bagachka); to 1925 Bahachka
Velikoalekseyevsky see Baxt (Russian Bagachka)
Velikooktyabr’sky (town, western Russia) : to Velyka Mykhaylivka (town, southern Ukraine) :
1941 Pokrovskoye (Russian Velikaya Mikhaylovka); to 1945
Veliko TQrnovo (city, north central Bulgaria) : to Hrosulove (Russian Grosulovo)
1965 TQrnovo; to 1878 Turkish Tqrnova Velyka Novosilka (town, southeastern Ukraine) :
Veliky Novgorod (city, western Russia) : to 1998 (Russian Velikaya Novosyolka); to 1946 Velykyy
Novgorod; originally Scandinavian Holmgard Yanysol’ (Russian Bol’shoy Yanisol’)
(The city’s current name, distinguishing it Velyka Seydemynukha see Kalinins’ke
from Nizhny Novgorod, derives from its me- Velyki Mosty (town, western Ukraine) : (Russian
dieval title Gospodin Veliky Novgorod, “Lord Velikiye Mosty); 1919–1939 Polish Mosty Wielkie
Great Novgorod.”) Velykyy Tokmak see Tokmak
Velingrad (city, southwestern Bulgaria) : to 1949 Velykyy Yanysol’ see Velyka Novosilka
Kamenitsa (The city was formed on the amalga- Venedig see Venice
mation of Kamenitsa with two other villages.) Venetia see (1) Venezia; (2) Venice
Venet-Ville 218

Venet-Ville see Souk Tleta Loulad Verkhnyaya Kortitsa see Verkhnya Khortytsya
Venezia (historical region, northern Italy) : Verkhnyaya Pyshma (city, west central Russia) :
Roman Venetia (The Italian name is now both to 1946 Pyshma
that of a province of the autonomous region of Verkhnyaya Salda (city, west central Russia) : to
Veneto and of its capital, the city of Venice.) 1928 Verkhnesaldinsky Zavod
Venezia see Venice Verkhnyaya Tura (town, west central Russia) : to
Venezia Tridentina see Trentino-Alto Adige to c.1928 Verkhneturinsky Zavod
Vengrov see Wdgrów Verkhny Dashkesan see Da£käsän
Venice (city, northeastern Italy) : [Italian Vene- Verkhnye Syn’ovydne (town, western Ukraine) :
zia]; 1815–1866 German Venedig; 1805–1815 (Russian Verkhneye Sinevidnoye); to 1946 Syn-
French Venise; 1797–1805 German Venedig; o’vyds’ko Vyzhnye (Polish Synowódsko-Wy∞nie)
Roman Venetia Verkhny Ufaley (city, west central Russia) : to
Venise see Venice 1940 Verkhneufaleysky Zavod
Venosa (town, southern Italy) : Roman Venusia Verkhovina see Verkhovyna
Venta Belgarum see 1Winchester Verkhovyna (town, southwestern Ukraine) :
Venta Icenorum see Caistor St. Edmund (Russian Verkhovina); to 1962 Zhab’ye; 1919–
Venta Silurum see Caerwent 1939 Polish Õabie
Ventspils (city, western Latvia) : 1939–1945 Ger- Verlucio see Sandy Lane
man Windau; to 1918 Russian Vindava Vermilion (town, Alberta, west central Canada) :
Ventura (city, California, southwestern United to 1906 Breage
States) : officially San Buenaventura Vermilionville see Lafayette
Venusia see Venosa Vermont (state, northeastern United States) :
Venustiano Carranza (town, southern Mexico) : originally New Connecticut
to 1934 San Bartolomé Vernal (town, Utah, west central United States) :
Veracruz (city, east central Mexico) : originally to 1893 Ashley Center
Villa Rica de la Vera Cruz Vernon (city, British Columbia, southwestern
Veranópolis (town, southern Brazil) : to 1944 Canada) : 1885–1887 Centreville; originally
Alfredo Chaves Priest’s Valley
Verbeia see Wharfe Verny see Almaty
Verblyud see Zernograd Véroia (town, northeastern Greece) : to 1913
Vercovicium see Housesteads Turkish Karaferya; biblical Berea
Verebély see Vráble Verro see Võru
Vergel see Bom Jardim Vershino-Darasunsky (town, eastern Russia) :
Verin-Talin see Talin formerly Darasun
Verkhneavzyano-Petrovsk see Verkhny Avzyan Verteris see 4Brough
Verkhnedvinsk see Vyerkhnyadzvinsk Vertis see Worcester
Verkhnesaldinsky Zavod see Verkhnyaya Verulamium see St. Albans
Salda Verwoerdburg see Centurion
Verkhneserginsky Zavod see Verkhniye Sergi Verzhbolovo see Virbalis
Verkhnetoretskoye see Verkhn’otorets’ke Veselí nad Lu±nicí (town, southern Czech Re-
Verkhneturinsky Zavod see Verkhnyaya Tura public) : to 1918, 1939–1945 German Wesseli
Verkhneudinsk see Ulan-Ude an der Lainsitz; earlier Frohenbruck an der
Verkhneufaleysky Zavod see Verkhny Ufaley Lainsitz
Verkhneye Sinevidnoye see Verkhnye Veselí nad Moravou (town, southeastern Czech
Syn’ovydne Republic) : to 1918, 1939–1945 German Wesseli
Verkhniye Sergi (town, west central Russia) : to an der March
1938 Verkhneserginsky Zavod Vesnovo (village, western Russia) : to 1945 Ger-
Verkhn’otorets’ke (town, eastern Ukraine) : man Kussen
(Russian Verkhnetoretskoye); to 1978 Skotuvata Vesontio see Besançon
(Russian Skotovataya) Vesuna see Périgueux
Verkhnya Khortytsya (town, southeastern Vesuvio see Vesuvius
Ukraine) : (Russian Verkhnyaya Khortitsa); to Vesuvius (volcano, southwestern Italy) : [Italian
1930s Khortytsya (Russian Khortitsa) (The town Vesuvio]
is now a suburb of Zaporizhzhya.) Veszprém (city, western Hungary) : to 1867 Ger-
Verkhny Avzyan (town, west central Russia) : to man Wesprim
1942 Verkhneavzyano-Petrovsk Vetluzhsky (town, western Russia) : to 1960
 219 Vila Formosa de Nossa Senhora

Golyshi (This Vetluzhsky, northwest of Sharya, Victoria, Mt. see Tomanivi

should not be confused with the one further Victoriacum see Vitoria
south, just north of Krasnyye Baki.) Victoria Falls (southern Zambia/northwestern
Veurne (town, northwestern Belgium) : French Zimbabwe) : locally Mosi-oa-Tunya (The local
Furnes name applies only to the falls, not to the town
Vevey (town, western Switzerland) : Roman of Victoria Falls, Zimbabwe.)
Vibiscum Victoria Nyanza see Victoria, Lake
Via : For ease of reference, Italy’s main Roman Victoriaville (town, Quebec, southeastern
roads are grouped together here. The roads Canada) : to 1861 Demersville
were built to link Rome with the Roman prov- Vicus Ausonensis see Vich
inces, so that “All roads lead to Rome.” The Vicus Calidus see Vichy
English equivalent name usually adds n to the Vicus Elbii see Viterbo
Latin name followed by Way to translate Via, Vicus Julii see Aire-sur-l’Adour
so that the first great road, the Via Appia, is the Videira (city, southern Brazil) : to 1944 Perdizes
Appian Way. (Exceptions are the Via Latina, or Vidin (city, northwestern Bulgaria) : Roman
Latin Way, Via Ostiensis, or Ostian Way, and Bononia
the Via Trajana, or Trajan Way.) Rome itself Vidnoye (city, western Russia) : to 1965 Rastor-
had the Via Sacra, or Sacred Way. For road guyevo
routes, see either a map of Roman Italy, as in Vienna (city, eastern Austria) : to 1918 Hungar-
Muir’s Historical Atlas: Ancient and Classical, ian Bécs; 1806–1867 German Wien; Roman
plates 12–13, or a written description, as in Vindobona (English has adopted the Italian
Hornblower and Spawforth, pp. 1594–6 (see form of the city’s name, although Vienna was
Bibliography, p. 255). never part of Italy. The distinctive Hungarian
Via Aemilia, Via Annia, Via Appia, Via Au- name is of Turkish origin.)
relia, Via Cassia, Via Clodia, Via Domitia, Via Vienna see Vienne
Flaminia, Via Julia, Via Labicana, Via Latina, Vienne (town, southeastern France) : Roman
Via Ostiensis, Via Popilia, Via Postumia, Via Vienna
Salaria, Via Trajana, Via Valeria Vierwaldstätter See see Lucerne, Lake
Vialar see Tissemsilt Viesnte (town, southern Latvia) : to 1917 German
Vibiscum see Vevey Eckengraf
Viborg see Vyborg Vievis (town, southeastern Lithuania) : 1919–
Vibo Valentia (town, southern Italy) : to 1928 1930 Polish Jewie; to 1918 Russian Yev’ye
Monteleone di Calabria; Roman Vibo Valentia; Vigia see Almanara
earlier Roman Hipponium (The town’s present Viipuri see Vyborg
name is a deliberate revival of the Roman Vijni´a see Vyzhnytsya
name.) Viktorovka see Taranovskoye
Vicente Guerrero (town, central Mexico) : to Vila see Port-Vila
1940 San Pablo del Monte Vila Adolfo see Catanduva
Vicente Noble (town, southwestern Dominican Vila Alferes Chamusca see (1) Chókwé;
Republic) : to 1943 Alpargatal (2) Guijá
Vicentia see Vicenza Vila Arriaga see Bibala
Vicenza (city, northeastern Italy) : Roman Vicen- Vila Bugaço see Camanongue
tia Vila Cabral see Lichinga
Vich (town, northeastern Spain) : Roman Vicus Vila Coutinho see Ulongue
Ausonensis; earlier Roman Ausa Vila da Ponte see Kuvango
Vichy (town, central France) : Roman Vicus Vila de Albuquerque see Mariana
Calidus Vila de Aljustrel see Cangamba
Victor Hugo see Hamadia Vila de Almoster see Chiange
1
Victoria (state, southeastern Australia) : to 1851 Vila de João Belo see Xai-Xai
Port Phillip District Vila de São José do Paraíba see São José dos
2
Victoria (city, British Columbia, Campos
southwestern Canada) : formerly Fort Victoria; Vila de São José do Sul see São José dos Cam-
originally Fort Camosun pos
Victoria see (1) Labuan; (2) Limbe Vila Fontes see Caia
Victoria, Lake (east central Africa) : alternate Vila Formosa de Nossa Senhora do Destêrro
Victoria Nyanza de Jundiaí see Jundiaí
Vila General Machado 220

Vila General Machado see Camacupa Villaggio Mussolini see Arborea

Világos see ßiria Villahermosa (city, southeastern Mexico) : to
Vila Gouveia see Catandica 1915 San Juan Bautista; originally Villa Felipe
Vila Henrique de Carvalho see Saurimo II
Viļaka (town, eastern Latvia) : to 1917 German Villa Hidalgo see Ciudad Hidalgo
Marienhausen Villa Juárez see Ciudad Mante
Vila Luísa see Marracuene Villa Nueva see San José
Vila Marechal Carmona see Uíge Villa Real da Praia Grande see Niterói
Vila Mariano Machado see Ganda Villa Real de la Santa Fé de San Francisco de
Vila Nova see Tchikala-Tcholohanga Asis see Santa Fe
Vila Nova da Constituição see Piracicaba Villa Rica de la Vera Cruz see Veracruz
Vila Nova de Gaza see Xai-Xai Villarreal de Chiapa de los Españoles see San
Vila Nova de São José see São José dos Cam- Cristóbal de las Casas
pos Villa Sanjurjo see Al Hoceima
Vila Nova do Seles see Uku Villa Santa Cruz de Triana see Rancagua
Vila Paiva de Andrada see Gorongosa Villa Serrano (town, southern Bolivia) : to 1940s
Vila Pereira de Eça see Ondjiva Pescado
Vila Pery see (1) Chimoio; (2) Manica Villavieja see Heredia
Vila Rica see Ouro Prêto Vilebois see Villebois-Lavalette
Vila Rica de Oropesa see Huancavelica Villebois-Lavalette (town, western France) : to
Vila Robert Williams see Caála 1622 Villebois (In the year stated the town
Vila Salazar see (1) N’dalatando; (2) Sango added the name of a famous admiral.)
Vila Teixeira da Silva see Bailundo Ville-Marie-de-Montréal see Montreal
Vila Teixeira de Sousa see Luau Villmanstrand see Lappeenranta
Vila Trigo de Morais see Chókwé Vil’na see Vilnius
Vileyka (town, northwestern Belarus) : 1919– Vilnius (city, southeastern Lithuania) : (Russian
1939 Polish Wilejka Vil’nyus); 1919–1939 Polish Wilno; to 1918 Rus-
Viljandi (town, southern Estonia) : (Russian sian Vil’na
Vil’yandi); to 1918 German Fellin Vil’nyans’k (town, east central Ukraine) : (Rus-
Vilkavishkis see Vilkavi§kis sian Vol’nyansk); 1935–1966 Chervonoarmiys’ke
Vilkavi§kis (town, southwestern Lithuania) : (Russian Chervonoarmeyskoye); to 1935 Sofi-
(Russian Vilkavishkis); to 1918 Russian Volko- yivka (Russian Sofiyevka) (The Russian equiva-
vyshki lent of the Ukrainian name, Krasnoarmeyskoye,
Vilkomir see Ukmergc was used from 1935 to 1944.)
Villa Alba see General San Martín Vil’nyus see Vilnius
Villa Americana see Americana Vilvoorde (town, northern Belgium) : French
Villa Bella see (1) Ilhabela; (2) Serra Talhada Vilvorde
Villa Bens see Tarfaya Vilvorde see Vilvoorde
Villa Canales (town, south central Guatemala) : Vil’yandi see Viljandi
to 1921 Pueblo Viejo (The town is now part of Viminacium see Kostolac
Guatemala City metropolitan area.) Vindava see Ventspils
Villa Cisneros see Dakhla Vindobona see Vienna
Villa Corregidora see El Pueblito Vindomora see Ebchester
Villa da Barra see Manaus Vindonissa see Windisch
Villa de Carrión see Atlixco Vinegaroon see Langtry
Villa de Cecilia see Ciudad Madero Vinkovci (city, eastern Croatia) : to 1867 Ger-
Villa de María (town, central Argentina) : to man Winkowcze
c.1945 Río Seco Vinnitsa see Vinnytsya
Villa de Oropeza see Cochabamba Vinnytsya (city, west central Ukraine) : (Russian
Villa de San Antonio del Camino see Merlo Vinnitsa); to 1918 Russian Vinnitsa
Villa de Santa Catalina del Guadalcázar del Vinodel’noye see Ipatovo
Valle de Moquegua see Moquegua Vinogradnoye (village, southwestern Russia) : to
Villa do Forte da Assumpção see Fortaleza 1944 German Gnadenburg (The village was in
Villa Felipe II see Villahermosa the former Volga German Autonomous Soviet
Villa General Pérez (town, western Bolivia) : to Socialist Republic.)
1930s Charazani Vinogradov see Vynohradiv
 221 Volgograd

Vipiteno (town, northeastern Italy) : to 1918 Vitória de Santo Antão (city, northeastern
German Sterzing Brazil) : to 1944 Vítoria
Viranteke see Kapitan Andreevo Vitória do Alto Parnaíba see Alto Parnaíba
Virbalis (town, southwestern Lithuania) : to 1918 Vitória do Baixo Mearim see Vitória do
Russian Verzhbolovo Mearim
Virden (town, Manitoba, southern Canada) : Vitória do Mearim (city, northeastern Brazil) :
formerly Manchester; to 1882 Gopher Creek 1944–1948 Baixo Mearim; to 1944 Vitória do
Virgilio (town, northern Italy) : Roman Andes Baixo Mearim
Virginia (town, northern Ireland) : Irish Achadh Vitsyebsk (city, northeastern Belarus) : (Russian
an Iúir Vitebsk); to 1918 Russian Vitebsk
Virgin Islands (northeastern West Indies) : orig- Vittorio see Vittorio Veneto
inally Spanish Santa Ursula y las Once Mil Vir- Vittoriosa (town, eastern Malta) : formerly Birgu
gines (The islands are now politically divided Vittorio Veneto (town, northeastern Italy) : to
into the British Virgin Islands and the Virgin 1923 Vittorio
Islands of the United States.) Vizcaya (province, northern Spain) : formerly
Virgin Islands of the United States (northeast- English Biscay (The former English name is
ern West Indies) : to 1917 Danish West Indies still current for the great bay that is named for
Viroconium see Wroxeter the province. See Biscay, Bay of.)
Virovitica (town, central Croatia) : to 1867 Ger- Vizhnitsa see Vyzhnytsya
man Wirowititz Vlaanderen see Flanders
Virunga (mountain range, east central Africa) : Vladikavkaz (city, southwestern Russia) : 1954–
alternate M’fumbiro (The range, mainly in the 1990 Ordzhonikidze; 1944–1954 Dzaudzhikau;
Democratic Republic of the Congo, but ex- 1931–1944 Ordzhonikidze
tending east into Rwanda, Burundi, and Vladimira Il’icha Lenina, imeni (town, western
Uganda, is usually known in the latter country Russia) : to c.1938 Rumyantsevo
by the alternate name.) Vladimirovka see Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk
Virunga National Park (eastern Democratic Re- Vladimir-Volynsky see Volodymyr-Volyns’kyy
public of the Congo) : to 1972 Albert National Vladislavovas see Kudirkos Naumiestis
Park (The formal French name is Parc Na- Vla§ím (town, central Czech Republic) : to 1918,
tional des Virunga.) 1939–1945 German Wlaschim
Vis (island, southwestern Croatia) : to 1918 Ital- Vlasovo-Ayuta see Ayutinsky
ian Lissa Vlissingen (town, southwestern Netherlands) :
Visaginas (city, eastern Lithuania) : to 1992 dated English Flushing (The English name is
SnieVkus associated with the seaport’s strategic location
Visconde do Rio Branco (town, southeastern and the many battles there.)
Brazil) : to 1944 Rio Branco Vlorë (city, southwestern Albania) : to 1913
Visé (town, eastern Belgium) : Flemish Wezet Turkish Avlonya; ancient Greek Aulon
Vishnyovka see Arshaly Vlotslavek see Wùocùawek
Vishnyovoye see Vyshneve Vltava (river, west central Czech Republic) : to
Vislinsky Zaliv see Vistula Lagoon 1918 German Moldau
Vistula (river, central Poland) : [Polish Wisùa]; to V.M. Molotova, imeni see 3Oktyabr’sky
1918, 1939–1945 German Weichsel Vodena see Edessa
Vistula Lagoon (northern Poland/western Rus- Vodnjan (town, western Croatia) : 1918–1945
sia) : [Polish Zalew Wi¢lany, Russian Vislinsky Italian Dignano d’Istria; Roman Attinianum
Zaliv]; to 1945 German Frisches Haff Vodop’yanovo see 2Donskoye
Vitebsk see Vitsyebsk Vogelkop see Doberai
Viterbo (city, central Italy) : Roman Vicus Elbii Volaterrae see Volterra
Vitkovice (town, northeastern Czech Republic) : Volcei see Buccino
to 1918 German Witkowitz (The town is now a Volga (river, western Russia) : ancient Greek Rha
district of Ostrava.) Volga-Baltic Waterway (western Russia) : to
Vitodurum see Winterthur 1964 Mariinsk Water System (The network of
Vitoria (city, northeastern Spain) : Medieval rivers and canals linking the Volga River with
Latin Victoriacum the Baltic Sea was officially renamed Volgo-
Vitória see Vitória de Santo Antão Baltiysky Vodny Put’ imeni V.I. Lenina.)
Vitória da Conquista (city, northeastern Brazil) Volgograd (city, southwestern Russia) : 1925–
: to 1891 Conquista 1961 Stalingrad; to 1925 Tsaritsyn (The former
Volhynia 222

Russian name is preserved in history for the Votyak Autonomous Oblast see Udmurt Re-
long and bloody battle of 1942–43 which public
finally brought Soviet victory over the German Voznesenskaya Manufaktura see 1Krasno-
occupying army.) armeysk
Volhynia (region, eastern Europe) : [Ukrainian Voznesensky see Krasny Oktyabr’
and Russian Volyn’; Polish Woùyü] (The name Vráble (town, southwestern Slovakia) : to 1918,
of the historical region is now that of a western 1938–1945 Hungarian Verebély
province of Ukraine.) Vraça see Vratsa
Volkhov (city, western Russia) : 1936–1940 Vrakhóri see Agrínion
Volkhovstroy; 1927–1936 Zvanka; 1923–1927 Vranov nad Topl’ou (city, eastern Slovakia) : to
Volkhov; to 1923 Gostinopolye 1918 Hungarian Tapolyvarannó
Volkhovstroy see Volkhov Vratsa (city, northwestern Bulgaria) : to 1878
Volkovyshki see Vilkavi§kis Turkish Vraça
Volkovysk see Vawkavysk Vrbas (town, northern Serbia) : formerly Titov
Volney see Fulton Vrbas; to 1918, 1941–1944 Hungarian Újverbász
Vol’nyansk see Vil’nyans’k (The Hungarian name properly applies to Novi
Volodarskoye see Saumalkol’ Vrbas, “New Vrbas,” not Stari Vrbas, Hungar-
Volodymyr-Volyns’kyy (town, northwestern ian Overbász, “Old Vrbas,” across the Danube-
Ukraine) : (Russian Vladimir-Volynsky); 1919– Risza canal.)
1939 Polish Wùodzimierz Vrbno pod Pradfidem (town, eastern Czech Re-
Volos (city, eastern Greece) : ancient Greek Iolcus public) : to 1918, 1939–1945 German Würben-
Volozhin see Valozhyn thal
Volsinii see Bolsena Vrchlabí (town, northern Czech Republic) : to
Volta Blanche see Nakambe 1918, 1938–1945 German Hohenelbe
Volterra (town, western Italy) : Roman Volaterrae Vrchnika (town, western Slovenia) : to 1918 Ger-
Volunteer Island see Starbuck Island man Oberlaibach; Roman Nauportus
Volyn’ see Volhynia Vr§ac (city, northeastern Serbia) : to 1918 Ger-
Volzhsk (city, western Russia) : to 1940 Lopatino man Werschetz
Vondri§el (village, east central Slovakia) : 1948– Vrútky (town, northwestern Slovakia) : to 1918
1990 Nálepkovo; to 1918 Hungarian Merény; to Hungarian Ruttka; to 1867 German Ruttek
1867 German Wagendrüssel (The town is now a district of the city of Mar-
Vorontsovka see Tashir tin.)
Vorontsovo-Aleksandrovskoye see Zeleno- Vsekhsvyatskoye see Sarykol’
kumsk Vsetín (city, eastern Czech Republic) : to 1918,
Voropayevo see Varapayeva 1939–1945 German Wsetin
Voroshilov see Ussuriysk Vuhlehirs’k (town, eastern Ukraine) : (Russian
Voroshilovabad see Kalinin Uglegorsk); to 1958 Khatsapetivka (Russian
Voroshilovgrad see Luhans’k Khatsapetovka)
Voroshilovsk see (1) Alchevs’k; (2) Stavropol’ Vukovar (city, eastern Croatia) : to 1867 German
Voroshylovhrad see Luhans’k Wukowar
Voroshylovs’k see Alchevs’k V≠lkova Slatina see Doktor Yosifovo
Vorovskogo, imeni (town, western Russia) : to Vyatka (city, western Russia) : 1934–1991 Kirov;
1941 Khrapunovo (The town should not be to 1780 Khlynov
confused with the identically named smaller Vyborg (city, northwestern Russia) : 1918–1940
town near Gus’-Khrustal’ny, to the east.) Finnish Viipuri; originally Swedish Viborg
Vorst see Forest Vyerkhnyadzvinsk (town, northern Belarus) :
Võru (town, southeastern Estonia) : (Russian (Russian Verkhnedvinsk); to 1962 Drissa
Vyru); to 1918 Russian Verro Vygoda see Vyhoda
Vose (town, southwestern Tajikistan) : c.1935– Vyhoda (town, western Ukraine) : (Russian Vy-
c.1960 Kolkhozobod (Russian Kolkhozabad ); to goda); to 1939 Polish Wygoda
c.1935 Paituk Vynohradiv (town, western Ukraine) : (Russian
Voskresenovka see 2Oktyabr’sky Vinogradov); 1944–1945 Czech Sevlu§ (Russian
Voskresensk see Istra Sevlyush); 1939–1944 Hungarian Nag yszöllös;
Voskresenskoye see Kirovo 1919–1938 Czech Sevlu§; to 1918 Hungarian
Vostochny (village, eastern Russia) : 1905–1945 Nag yszöllös
Japanese Motodomari Vyru see Võru
 223 Warren

Vyshneve (town, east central Ukraine) : (Russian Waùbrzych (city, southwestern Poland) : to 1945
Vishnyovoye); to 1961 Erastivka (Russian Eras- German Waldenburg
tovka) Waùcz (town, northwestern Poland) : 1772–1919,
Vy§kov (town, southeastern Czech Republic) : to 1939–1945 German Deutsch-Krone
1918, 1939–1945 German Wischau Waldau see Nizovye
Vysokaye (town, southwestern Belarus) : (Rus- Waldenburg see Waùbrzych
sian Vysokoye); 1919–1939 Polish Wysokie Wales (principality, western Great Britain) :
Litewskie; to 1918 Russian Vysoko-Litovsk Welsh Cymru; Roman Cambria
Vysoké Mï to (town, central Czech Republic) : Walker Town see Walkerville
to 1918, 1939–1945 German Hohenmauth Walkerville (town, Ontario, southeastern Can-
Vysoké nad Jizerou (town, northern Czech Re- ada) : to 1858 Walker Town (In 1935 the town
public) : to 1918, 1939–1945 German Hoch- was annexed to the city of Windsor.)
stadt Wall (village, central England) : Roman Letoce-
Vysoko-Litovsk see Vysokaye tum. (The nearby town of Lichfield took the
Vysokoye see Vysokaye Lich- of its name from the Roman name, itself
Vysotsk (town, northwestern Russia) : to 1948 from Celtic words meaning “gray wood,”
Finnish Uuras (The town passed from Finland adding Old English feld, modern -field, to
to the USSR in 1940 but retained its Finnish mean “open land.”)
name until 1948.) Wallaceburg (town, Ontario, southeastern
Vy§§í Brod (village, southern Czech Republic) : Canada) : originally The Forks
to 1918, 1939–1945 German Hohenfurth Wallachia (region, southern Romania) : [Ro-
Vyzhnytsya (town, western Ukraine) : (Russian manian Valahia]
Vizhnitsa), 1919–1940 Romanian Vijni´a; to Wallachisch-Meseritsch see Vala§ské Mezi†íVí
1918 German Wiznitz Walla Walla (city, Washington, northwestern
1
Vzmor’ye (village, western Russia) : to 1945 United States) : to 1862 Steptoeville
German Grossheidekrug Wallingford (town, Connecticut, northeastern
2
Vzmor’ye (village, eastern Russia) : 1905–1945 United States) : to 1670 East River
Japanese Shiraura Wallis Plains see Maitland
Waadt see Vaud Wallonia (region, southern Belgium) : [French
Waag-Bistritz see Pova±ská Bystrica Wallonie]
Waag-Neustadt see Nové Mesto nad Váhom Wallonie see Wallonia
WRbrzeØno (town, northern Poland) : 1772– Wallsend (town, northeastern England) : Roman
1919, 1939–1945 German Briesen Segedunum (The town lies at the eastern end of
Wadhwan see Surendranagar the Roman wall known as Hadrian’s Wall.)
Wadowice (town, southern Poland) : 1940–1945 Walnut City see Arkansas City
German Frauenstadt; 18th–19th century, 1939– Walnut Creek (city, California, western United
1940 German Wadowitz States) : to 1860 The Corners
Wadowitz see Wadowice Wanganui (city, north central New Zealand) : to
Wadsworth see Riverton 1845 Petre
Wagendrüssel see Vondri§el Wangerin see Wdgorzyno
WRgrowiec (town, west central Poland) : 1793– Wangkü see Chang’an
1807, 1815–1919, 1939–1945 German Wongro- Wankie see Hwange
witz Wansen see WiRzów
Wagstadt see Bílovec Wantland’s Ferry see 2Jacksonville
Wahlstatt see Legnickie Pole Warasdin see Vara±din
Waihou (river, northern New Zealand) : for- Wardsesson see 2Bloomfield
merly Thames (The earlier name is preserved Waremme (town, east central Belgium) : Flemish
in the town of Thames at the river’s mouth.) Borgworm
Wainwright (town, Alberta, west central Warmbad see Bela-Bela
Canada) : to 1909 Denwood Warmbaths see Bela-Bela
Wairoa (town, northeastern New Zealand) : for- Warner Robins (city, Georgia, southeastern
merly Clyde United States) : formerly Wellston (The origi-
Wairoa see Waverley nal village was renamed when Robins Air
Waitzen see Vác Force base was established nearby in 1943.)
Wakatu see 1Nelson Warnsdorf see Varnsdorf
1
Wakeham see Kangiqsujuaq Warren (city, Michigan, north central United
Warren 224

States) : 1838–1839 Alba; originally Hickory Waukesha (city, Wisconsin, north central United
(The city is now a suburb of Detroit.) States) : originally Prairieville
2
Warren (town, Massachusetts, northeastern Wausau (city, Wisconsin, north central United
United States) : to 1834 Western States) : to 1872 Big Bull Falls
Warsaw (city, east central Poland) : [Polish Waver see Wavre
Warszawa]; 1795–1807, 1939–1945 German Waverley (town, north central New Zealand) :
Warschau formerly Wairoa (The earlier Maori name was
Warschau see Warsaw changed as it already existed for Wairoa,
Warszawa see Warsaw among other places.)
Wartenburg see Barczewo Wavre (town, central Belgium) : Flemish Waver
Wartha see Bardo Wavre-Ste.-Catherine see Sint-Katelijne-
Warthbrücken see Koùo Waver
Warthenau see Zawiercie Wayne (village, Ohio, north central United
Wascana see Regina States) : to 1931 Freeport
Waset see Thebes Waynesboro (town, Virginia, eastern United
1
Washington (town, North Carolina, eastern States) : to 1801 Teesville
United States) : to 1776 Forks of Tar River Wear (river, northeastern England) : Roman
2
Washington (town, Pennsylvania, northeastern Vedra
United States) : to 1781 Bassett-town; originally Webster City (town, Iowa, north central United
Catfish’s Camp States) : to 1856 Newcastle
Washington see (1) Macomb; (2) Piqua Wedgeport (town, Nova Scotia, eastern Canada)
Washington Court House see Fayetteville : to 1909 Tusket Wedge
Washington Island see Teraina Wdgliniec (town, southwestern Poland) : to 1945
Washington’s Furnace see 1Lakewood German Kohlfurt
Waskaganish (village, Quebec, eastern Canada) : Wdgorzewo (town, northern Poland) : to 1945
formerly Fort-Rupert; earlier Fort-St.-Jacques; German Angerburg
originally Fort-Charles Wdgorzyno (town, northwestern Poland) : to
WRsosz (town, western Poland) : to 1945 Ger- 1945 German Wangerin
man Herrnstadt Wdgrów (town, eastern Poland) : to 1915 Russian
Watenstedt-Salzgitter see Salzgitter Vengrov
Water Eaton (village, central England) : Roman Wehlau see Znamensk
Pennocrucium (This Water Eaton, near Penk- Weichsel see Vistula
ridge, should not be confused with two other Weipert see Vejprty
villages of the same name, the first now part of Weissenburg see Alba Iulia
the town of Bletchley, the other near Oxford.) Weissenfels see Fusine in Valromana
Waterford (town, southeastern Ireland) : Irish Weissenstein see Paide
Port Láirge Weisskirchen see Bela Crkva
Waterloo (city, Iowa, north central United Weiss-stein see Biaùy Kamieü
States) : to 1851 Prairie Rapids Weisswasser see Bfilá pod Bezdfizem
Waterloo see Austin Weistritz see Bystrzyca
Waterman Junction see Barstow Wejherowo (town, northern Poland) : 1772–1919,
Watertown (town, Connecticut, northeastern 1939–1945 German Neustadt in Westpreussen
United States) : to 1780 Westbury Wekelsdorf see Teplice nad Metují
Watertown see Wethersfield Wekwetì (village, Northwest Territories, north-
Waterville (town, southwestern Ireland) : Irish ern Canada) : to 1999 Snare Lakes
An Coireán Welfare Island see Roosevelt Island
Watkins Glen (village, New York, northeastern Welland (city, Ontario, southeastern Canada) :
United States) : to 1852 Jefferson 1842–1856 Merrittsville; to 1842 The Aqueduct
Watling Island see 1San Salvador Wellington (city, central New Zealand) : origi-
Watrap (town, southeastern India) : to early nally Port Nicholson (The original name is pre-
1920s Varttirayiruppu served for the harbor here, also known as
Watts (town, California, southwestern United Wellington Harbour, much as Sydney, Aus-
States) : to 1900 Mud Town (The town is now tralia, surrounds Port Jackson, itself alternately
a district of Los Angeles.) known as Sydney Harbour.)
Waukegan (city, Illinois, north central United Wellsburg (town, West Virginia, east central
States) : to 1849 Little Fort United States) : to 1816 Charles Town
 225 Whitchurch

Wellsford (village, northern New Zealand) : West Lafayette (city, Indiana, north central
Maori Whakapirau United States) : 1866–1888 Chauncey; to 1866
Wellston see Warner Robins Kingston
Wels (city, north central Austria) : Roman West Lake see Kagera
Ovilava West Lothian (administrative region, southeast-
Welshpool (town, eastern Wales) : Welsh Y ern Scotland) : formerly Linlithgowshire
Trallwng West Maitland see Maitland
Welsh St. Donats (village, southern Wales) : Westmeath (county, north central Ireland) : Irish
Welsh Llanddunwyd (The first word of the An Iarmhí
name distinguishes this village, historically in a West Memphis (city, Arkansas, south central
manor subject to Welsh law, from St. Donats, United States) : to 1927 Bragg’s Spur
some 8 miles to the southwest.) Weston under Penyard (village, west central En-
Welungen see Wieluü gland) : Roman Ariconium
Welwarn see Velvary West Orange (town, New Jersey, northeastern
Welwitschia see Khorixas United States) : originally Fairmount
Wenden see C`sis West Papua (province, eastern Indonesia) : to
Wenvoe (village, southern Wales) : Welsh Gwenfô 2007 West Irian Jaya (In 2003 the western part
Werschetz see Vr§ac of the province of Papua was demarcated as
Wesenberg see Rakvere the new province of Irian Jaya Barat, or West
Weseritz see Bezdru±ice Irian Jaya. In 2007 it was renamed Papua
Wesermünde see Bremerhaven Barat, or West Papua.)
Wesleyville (village, Newfoundland and Labra- Westphalia (region, western Germany) : [Ger-
dor, eastern Canada) : to 1884 Coal Harbour man Westfalen]
Wesprim see Veszprém West Point see Apalachicola
Wesseli an der Lainsitz see Veselí nad Lu±nicí Westport (town, western Ireland) : Irish Cathair
Wesseli an der March see Veselí nad Moravou na Mart
West Allis (city, Wisconsin, north central United Westport Landing see 1Kansas City
States) : 1880–1902 North Greenfield; originally West’s Corner see Milverton
Honey Creek (The city is now a suburb of Mil- West Seekonk see East Providence
waukee.) West Seneca (town, New York, northeastern
Westbourne see Zanesville United States) : to 1852 Seneca
Westbury see Watertown West Shefford see Bromont
West Cambridge see 2Arlington West Society see West Hartford
West Columbia (town, South Carolina, south- West Wyalong (town, New South Wales, south-
eastern United States) : to 1938 New Brookland eastern Australia) : originally Main Camp
West Des Moines (city, Iowa, north central Wethersfield (town, Connecticut, northeastern
United States) : to 1938 Valley Junction United States) : to 1637 Watertown
Western (province, western Zambia) : to 1969 Wexford (town, southeastern Ireland) : Irish
Barotseland (The province’s present name was Loch Garman
held earlier by Copperbelt province, to the Whakapirau see Wellsford
north.) Whale Cove (village, Nunavut, north central
Western see 2Warren Canada) : alternate Inuit Tikirarjuaq
Western Isles (northwestern Scotland) : Gaelic Whapmagoostui see Kuujjuarapik
Eilean Siar; alternate Outer Hebrides (The is- Wharfe (river, northern England) : Roman Ver-
lands, part of the Hebrides, bear the full for- beia (The Roman name may also have been
mal Gaelic name Na h-Eileanan an Iar.) that of the fort at Ilkley, on this river.)
Western Sahara (territory, northwestern Africa) : Whatcom see Bellingham
1958–1976 Spanish Sahara Wha Ti (village, Northwest Territories, northern
Western Samoa see Samoa Canada) : to 1999 Lac la Martre
Westfalen see Westphalia Whitby (town, Ontario, southeastern Canada) :
West Hammond see Calumet City to 1855 Perry’s Corners
1
West Hanover see Morristown Whitchurch (town, western England) : Roman
West Hartford (town, Connecticut, northeastern Mediolanum
2
United States) : to 1806 West Society Whitchurch (village, southeastern Wales) :
West Hoosac see Williamstown Welsh Yr Eglwys Newydd (The village is now a
West Irian Jaya see West Papua district of the city of Cardiff.)
Whitchurch 226
3
Whitchurch (village, southwestern Wales) : William Henry see Sorel
Welsh Tre-groes Williamsburg (town, Virginia, eastern United
White Nile (river, southern Sudan) : [Arabic States) : to 1699 Middle Plantation
Ba∏r al-Abyaö] Williamsburg see Rockville
White Russia see Belarus Williams Landing see Greenwood
White’s Fort see Knoxville Wiliamstown (town, Massachusetts, northeast-
White Sulphur Springs see Searcy ern United States) : to 1765 West Hoosac
White Valley see Lumby Willingboro (town, New Jersey, northeastern
White Volta see Nakambe United States) : 1959–1963 Levittown
1
Whitford (village, northeastern Wales) : Welsh Williston (town, North Dakota, northern
Chwitffordd United States) : originally Little Muddy
2
Whitland (village, southwestern Wales) : Welsh Williston (town, southwestern South Africa) :
Hendy-gwyn to 1919 Amandelboom
Whitman (town, Massachusetts, northeastern Willmore City see Long Beach
United States) : to 1886 South Abington Will’s Creek see Cumberland
Whyalla (city, South Australia, southern Aus- Willyama see Broken Hill
1
tralia) : to 1920 Hummock Hill Wilmington (city, Delaware, northeastern
Whydah see Ouidah United States) : 1655–1739 Altena; earlier Fort
WiRzów (town, southwestern Poland) : to 1945 Christina
2
German Wansen Wilmington (city, North Carolina, eastern
Wick (village, southern Wales) : Welsh Y Wig United States) : originally New Town
Wicklow (town, eastern Ireland) : Irish Cill Wilno see Vilnius
Mhantáin Wiltwyck see 1Kingston
1
Widder Station see Thedford Winchester (city, southern England) : Roman
Widcbork (town, northwestern Poland) : to 1945 Venta Belgarum
2
German Vandsburg Winchester (city, Virginia, eastern United
Wielbark (town, northeastern Poland) : to 1945 States) : to 1752 Fredericktown
German Willenberg Windau see Ventspils
Wieleü (town, western Poland) : 1793–1807, Windisch (town, northern Switzerland) : Roman
1815–1919, 1939–1945 German Filehne Vindonissa
Wieliczka (town, southern Poland) : 1940–1945 Windisch-Feistritz see Ilirska Bistrica
German Gross-Salze Windischgrätz see Slovenj Gradec
Wielka Wie¢ (town, southern Poland) : 1772– Windscale see Sellafield
1
1919, 1939–1945 German Grossendorf bei Windsor (town, south central England) :
Putzig (The district of Wùadisùawowo was officially New Windsor (The town grew up by
named Hallerowo from 1919 to 1939.) Windsor Castle, built near the original Wind-
Wieluü (town, south central Poland) : 1940– sor, now contrastingly named Old Windsor.)
2
1945 German Welungen Windsor (town, Nova Scotia, eastern Canada) :
Wien see Vienna to 1764 Pisiquid
3
Wierzchowo (village, northern Poland) : 1772– Windsor (city, Ontario, southeastern Canada) :
1807, 1815–1945 German Firchau to 1836 Richmond; originally The Ferry
Wiesbaden (city, western Germany) : Roman Wing’s Falls see Glens Falls
Aquae Mattiacae Winkowcze see Vinkovci
Wieselburg see Moson Winnebago Rapids see Neenah
Wiesengrund see Dob†any Winnipeg (city, Manitoba, southern Canada) :
Wietstock see Wysoka to 1835 Fort Garry (This and earlier forts on
Wietz see Witnica the site formed the nucleus of the new city, in-
Wight, Isle of (southern England) : Roman Vec- corporated in 1873.)
tis Winona (city, Minnesota, north central United
Wildenschwert see Ústi nad Orlicí States) : originally Montezuma
Wildersburgh see Barre Wiüsko (town, southwestern Poland) : to 1945
Wilds see 2Florence German Winzig
Wilejka see Vileyka Winter Haven (city, Florida, southeastern
Wilhelmina Top see Trikora United States) : to 1884 Harris’ Corner
Wilhelm-Pieck-Stadt see Guben Winter Park (city, Florida, southeastern United
Willenberg see Wielbark States) : 1870–1881 Osceola; originally Lakeview
 227 Wrze¢nia

Winterthur (city, northern Switzerland) : Wolin (town, northwestern Poland) : to 1945

Roman Vitodurum German Wollin
Winton (town, Queensland, east central Aus- Woùkowysk see Vawkavysk
tralia) : originally Pelican Waterholes Wollin see Wolin
Wintonbury see 1Bloomfield Wollstein see Wolsztyn
Winzig see Wiüsko Wolmar see Valmiera
Wirbeln see Zhavoronkovo Wolów (town, southwestern Poland) : to 1945
Wirowititz see Virovitica German Wohlau
Wirsitz see Wyrzysk Woùo∞yn see Valozhyn
Wischau see Vy§kov Wolsztyn (town, western Poland) : 1793–1807,
Wisconsin Dells (town, Wisconsin, northern 1815–1919, 1939–1945 German Wollstein
United States) : to 1931 Kilbourn Woùyü see Volhynia
Wisconsin Rapids (city, Wisconsin, northern Wongrowitz see WRgrowiec
United States) : to 1920 Grand Rapids (Grand Woodbridge (town, Ontario, southeastern Can-
Rapids and Centralia, either side of the Wis- ada) : to 1854 Burwick (In 1971 Woodbridge
consin River, were consolidated in 1900.) merged with the town of Vaughan.)
Wise (town, Virginia, eastern United States) : to Woodburn (town, Indiana, north central United
1924 Gladville; originally Big Glades States) : to 1936 Shirley City
Wisùa see Vistula Woodland (city, California, western United
Wiston (village, southwestern Wales) : Welsh States) : to 1859 Yolo City
Cas-wis Woodland Hills (town, California, southwestern
Witkowitz see Vitkovice United States) : to 1941 Girard (The town is
Witkowo (town, west central Poland) : 1939– now a suburban section of Los Angeles.)
1945 German Wittingen Woodstock (city, Ontario, southeastern Canada)
Witnica (town, western Poland) : to 1945 Ger- : originally Oxford
man Wietz Worcester (city, west central England) : Roman
Witsieshoek see Phuthaditjhaba Vertis (The precise name of the original
Wittenberg see Nivenskoye Roman town is tentative, as in fact is its
Wittingau see T†eboû identification with the modern city.)
Wittingen see Witkowo Worcester see Marquette
Witwatersrand (rocky ridge, northeastern South Wormditt see Orneta
Africa) : popularly The Rand Worms (city, southwestern Germany) : Roman
Wiznitz see Vyzhnytsya Augusta Vangionum; Celtic Borbetomagus
Wùadysùawów see Naumiestis Woropajewo see Varapayeva
Wùadisùawowo see Wielka Wie¢ Worthington see Valley City
Wlaschim see Vla§ím Wrecsam see Wrexham
Wleü (town, southwestern Poland) : to 1945 Wrekin, The see Telford and Wrekin
German Lähn Wreschen see Wrze¢nia
Wùocùawek (city, north central Poland) : 1939– Wrexham (town, northeastern Wales) : Welsh
1945 German Leslau; 1815–1915 Russian Vlot- Wrecsam
slavek Wright’s Ferry see 2Columbia
Wùodzimierz see Volodymyr-Volyns’kyy Wrightstown see 2Hull
Wodzisùaw ¡lRski (city, southern Poland) : Wrigley (village, Northwest Territories, north-
1939–1945 German Loslau western Canada) : alternate Inuit Tthedzeh
Wohlau see Wolów Koe
Woùczyn (town, southern Poland) : to 1945 Ger- Wrocùaw (city, southwestern Poland) : to 1945
man Konstadt German Breslau
Woldenberg see Dobiegniew Wroxeter (village, western England) : Roman Vi-
Wolframs-Eschenbach (town, southwestern roconium; alternate Roman Uriconium (The
Germany) : to 1917 Eschenbach (The present Roman name may have originally been that of
name does not derive from a merger with an- the fort on the Wrekin, a nearby hill.)
other town but from the addition of the name Wrze¢nia (town, west central Poland) : 1793–
of the medieval poet Wolfram von Eschen- 1807, 1815–1919, 1939–1945 German Wreschen
bach, who was born here.) Wrzeszcz (town, northern Poland) : 1793–1945
Wolf ’s Castle (village, southwestern Wales) : German Langfuhr (Wrzeszcz is now a district
Welsh Cas-blaidd of the city of Gdaüsk.)
Wschowa 228

Wschowa (town, western Poland) : 1793–1807, Xonobod (town, eastern Uzbekistan) : (Russian
1815–1945 German Fraustadt Khanabad); formerly Russian Sovetabad; to
Wsetin see Vsetín 1972 Karabagish
Wukowar see Vukovar Xovos (town, eastern Uzbekistan) : (Russian
Wünschelburg see Radków Khavast); to 1963 Russian Ursat’yevskaya
Wuppertal (city, western Germany) : to 1930 Yablochny (town, eastern Russia) : 1905–1945
Barmen-Elberfeld (The city was formed in Japanese Rantomari
1929 from the merger of Barmen and Elberfeld Yafo see Jaffa
with other towns.) Yakima (city, Washington, northwestern United
Würbenthal see Vrbno pod Pradfidem States) : to 1918 North Yakima
Wutsin see Changzhou Yakova see Djakovica
Wyandotte see 2Kansas City Yakovlevskoye see Privolzhsk
Wye (river, southern Wales/western England) : Yakunchikov see Krasny Mayak
Welsh Gwy Yakutia see Sakha
Wygoda see Vyhoda Yaloven’ see Ialoveni
Wynyard (town, Tasmania, southeastern Aus- Yama see Sivers’k
tralia) : to 1861 Table Cape Yambol (city, southeastern Bulgaria) : to 1878
Wyrzysk (town, northwestern Poland) : 1793– Turkish Yambolu
1807, 1815–1919, 1939–1945 German Wirsitz Yambolu see Yambol
Wysoka (town, northwestern Poland) : 1793– Yamburg see Kingisepp
1807, 1815–1919, 1939–1945 German Wietstock Yanaw see Ivanava
Wysokie Litewskie see Vysokaye Yangi-Bazar see (1) Kofarnihon; (2) Soldatsky
Wysokie Mazowieckie (town, northeastern Yangiyer (town, eastern Uzbekistan) : formerly
Poland) : to 1915 Russian Mazovetsk Russian Chernyayevo
Xaignabouli (town, northwestern Laos) : to 1946 Yangiyul (city, eastern Uzbekistan) : to c.1935
Paklay (Xaignabouli was in Thailand from 1941 Kaunchi
to 1946.) Yangku see Taiyuan
Xai-Xai (town, southern Mozambique) : 1928– Yangôn (city, south central Myanmar) : to 1989
1976 Portuguese Vila de João Belo; 1922–1928 Rangoon; to 1756 Dagon (The present form of
Portuguese Vila Nova de Gaza the city’s name more accurately reflects its
Xá-Muteba (village, northern Angola) : formerly Burmese pronunciation.)
Portuguese Cinco de Outubro Yangtze (river, China) : alternate Chang (The
Xanadu see Shangdu name was formerly familiar in the expanded
Xangongo (town, southern Angola) : formerly form Yangtze Kiang, where the second word,
Portuguese Roçadas more correctly Jiang, means simply “river.”
Xankändi (city, southwestern Azerbaijan) : The alternate name may similarly appear on
1923–1991 Stepanakert; to 1923 Khankendy maps as Chang Jiang.)
Xanlar (town, western Azerbaijan) : to 1938 Yele- Yaniv see Ivano-Frankove
nendorf Yanivka see Ivanivka
Xánthi (city, northeastern Greece) : to 1913 Yanov see (1) Ivanava; (2) Ivano-Frankove
Turkish Eskice Yanovka see Ivanivka
Xatl’o Dehe see Hay Beach Yantarny (town, western Russia) : to 1945 Ger-
Xhora see Elliotdale man Palmnicken
Xiaguan see 1Dali Yantsivs’kyy Kar’yer see 2Kam’yane
Xiamen (city, southeastern China) : alternate Yantsovsky Kar’yer see 2Kam’yane
dated Amoy Yanushpil’ see Ivanopol’
Xianggang see Hong Kong Yanushpol see Ivanopil’
Xinjiang Uygur (region, western China) : alter- Yanya see Ioannina
nate Sinkiang Uighur; to 1878 Chinese Turke- Yaryksu-Aukh see Novolakskoye
stan (Both forms of the Chinese name are Yasenivs’kyy (town, eastern Ukraine) : (Russian
often shortened, respectively as Xinjiang and Yasenovsky); to 1954 Lobivka (Russian Lobovka)
Sinkiang, omitting the ethnic name.) Yasenovsky see Yasenivs’kyy
Xinjing see Changchun Yashkul’ (town, western Russia) : 1943–1957
Xions see KsiR∞ Wielkopolski Peschanoye
Xiririca see Eldorado Yasi see Turkestan
Xizang see Tibet Yasinya (town, western Ukraine) : 1944–1945
 229 Ynys Gybi

Czech Jasiûa; 1939–1944 Hungarian Körömezâ; Yemva (town, western Russia) : to 1985 Zhelez-
1919–1939 Czech Jasiûa; to 1918 Hungarian nodorozhny
Körömezâ Yen see Beijing
Yaski see Lesogorsky Yenakiyeve (city, eastern Ukraine) : (Russian
Yasnogorsk (town, western Russia) : to 1965 Yenakiyevo); 1935–1943 Ordzhonikidze;
Laptevo c.1928–1935 Rykovo
Yasnomorsky (village, eastern Russia) : 1905– Yenakiyevo see Yenakiyeve
1945 Japanese Oko Yenice see Giannitsa
Yasnoye (village, western Russia) : 1938–1945 Yeni Derbent see D≠lgopol
German Kuckerneese; to 1938 Kaukehmen Yenipazar see 1,2Novi Pazar
Yassqhüyük (village, northwestern Turkey) : Yeni§ehir see Lárissa
Roman Gordium; ancient Greek Gordion Yeniza∑ra see Nova Zagora
Yathrib see Medina Yenukidze see Ambrolauri
Yavoriv (town, western Ukraine) : (Russian Yeraliyev see Kuryk
Yavorov); to 1919 Polish Jaworów Yerba Buena see San Francisco
Yavorov see Yavoriv Yerevan (city, central Armenia) : to 1936 Russian
Yazoo City (town, Mississippi, southeastern Erivan
United States) : 1830–1839 Manchester; origi- Yermak see 1Aksu
nally Hanan’s Bluff Yermalner see Melville Island
Y Bala see Bala Yermolovsk see Gyachrypsh
Y Barri see Barry Yerushalayim see Jerusalem
Y Bermo see Barmouth Yerzhar see 2Gagarin
Y Bont-faen see Cowbridge Ye£ilköy (village, northwestern Turkey) : for-
Y Bontnewydd-ar-Wy see Newbridge-on-Wye merly Italian San Stefano (The Italian name is
Y Clas-ar-Wy see Glasbury historically preserved for the treaty between
Y Drenewydd see Newtown Russia and Turkey signed here in 1878.)
Yeghegnadzor (town, south central Armenia) : Yesman see 1Chervone
c.1935–1957 Mikoyan; to c.1935 Keshishkend Yevdokimovskoye see 3Krasnogvardeyskoye
Yegindykol’ (village, north central Kazakhstan) : Yev’ye see Vievis
formerly Russian Krasnoznamenskoye Yezhovo-Cherkessk see Cherkessk
Yegorshino see Artyomovsky Yezo see Hokkaido
Yekabpils see J`kabpils Yezupil’ see 1Zhovten’
Yekaterinburg (city, western Russia) : 1924–1991 Yezupol’ see 1Zhovten’
Sverdlovsk Y Fali see Valley
Yekaterinenshtadt see Marks Y Felinheli (town, northwestern Wales) : for-
Yekaterinodar see Krasnodar merly Port Dinorwic (The port town originally
Yekaterinofeld see Bolnisi exported slate from the nearby Dinorwic
Yekaterinoslav see Dnipropetrovs’k quarry.)
Yekaterinovskaya see Krylovskaya Y Fenai see Menai Strait
Yelenendorf see Xanlar Y Fenni see Abergavenny
Yelenovka see (1) Sevan; (2) Zoryns’k Y Fflint see Flint
Yelenovskiye Kar’yery see Dokuchayevs’k Y Garn see Roch
Yelgava see Jelgava Y Gelli Gandryll see Hay-on-Wye
Yelizavetgrad see Kirovohrad Y Grysmwnt see Grosmont
Yelizavetpol see Gäncä Yirga Alem (town, southern Ethiopia) : 1936–
Yelizovo (city, eastern Russia) : to 1924 Zavoyko 1941 Italian Dalle
Yellowknife (town, Northwest Territories, west Yisra’el see Israel
central Canada) : alternate Inuit Sombak’e Y Môt see New Moat
Yellow River see Huang Ho Y Mwmbwls see Mumbles
Yellow Sea (western Pacific) : [Chinese Huang Y Mynydd Du see Black Mountain
Hai; alternate Chinese Hwang Hai] (The Y Mynyddoedd Duon see Black Mountains
Huang Ho flows into the Yellow Sea through Ynys Bŷr see Caldey
the Bo Hai or Gulf of Chihli.) Ynys Dewi see Ramsey
Yelyzavethrad see Kirovohrad Ynys Echni see Flatholm
Yemen (republic, southwestern Asia) : [Arabic Al Ynys Enlli see Bardsey
Yaman] Ynys Gybi see Holy Island
Ynysgynwraidd 230

Ynysgynwraidd see Skenfrith Serbia and Montenegro to form a rump Fed-

Ynysoedd y Moelrhoniaid see Skerries, The eral Republic of Yugoslavia. In 2006 they also
Ynysowen see Merthyr Vale became independent, and the name Yugoslavia
Ynys Seiriol see Puffin Island disappeared from the map.)
Yokuntown see Lenox Yugovskoy Zavod see Yug
Yolo City see Woodland Yuma (city, Arizona, southwestern United States)
Yongning see Nanning : 1862–1873 Arizona City; to 1862 Colorado
1
York (city, northern England) : Roman Ebo- City
racum (The 2d-century A.D. geographer Ptol- Yumrukchal see Botev Peak
emy recorded the name as Eborakon. Under Yunnanfu see Kunming
the Anglo-Saxons the city was known as Eofor- Yunokommunarovsk see Yunokomunarivs’k
wic and then under the Vikings Jórvik, the lat- Yunokomunarivs’k (town, eastern Ukraine) :
ter eventually giving the present name.) (Russian Yunokommunarovsk); 1924–1965
2
York (town, Maine, northeastern United States) imeny Yunykh Komunariv (Russian imeni Yun-
: to 1652 Gorgeana ykh Kommunarov); to 1924 Bunge Rudnyk
York see Toronto (Russian Bunge Rudnik)
York River see Bancroft Yunykh Kommunarov, imeni see Yunokomu-
Yoshkar-Ola (city, western Russia) : 1919–1927 narivs’k
Krasnokokshaysk; to 1919 Tsaryovokokshaysk Yunykh Komunariv, imeny see Yunokomuna-
Youghal (town, southern Ireland) : Irish Eochaill rivs’k
Youssoufia (town, west central Morocco) : for- Yur’yev see (1) Bila Cerkva; (2) Tartu
merly French Louis-Gentil Yuryuzan’ (town, western Russia) : to 1943
Youth, Isle of see Juventud, Isla de la Yuryuzansy Zavod
Ypres (town, western Belgium) : Flemish Ieper Yuryuzansky Zavod see Yuryuzan’
(Although in the Flemish-speaking half of Bel- Yutian see Changning
gium, the town is usually referred to by its Yuzhno-Kuril’sk (town, eastern Russia) : 1905–
French name. It was held by France from 1678 1945 Japanese Furukamappu
to 1716 and 1792 to 1814 and became widely Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk (town, eastern Russia) :
known under this name as the scene of major 1905–1945 Japanese Toyohara; to 1905 Russian
battles in World War I, when English-speaking Vladimirovka
combatants dubbed it “Wipers.”) Yuzhnoukrainsk see Yuzhnoukrayins’k
Yr Eglwys Lwyd see Ludchurch Yuzhnoukrayins’k (town, south central Ukraine)
Yr Eglwys Newydd see 2Whitchurch : (Russian Yuzhnoukrainsk); to 1987 Kostyanty-
Yr Hôb see Hope nivka (Russian Konstantinovka)
Y Rhws see Rhoose Yuzhny see Skuratovsky
Yr Orsedd see Rossett Yuzivka see Donets’k
Yr Wyddfa see Snowdon Yuzovka see Donets’k
Yr Wyddgrug see Mold Yverdon (city, western Switzerland) : German
Y Trallwng see Welshpool Iferten; Roman Eburodunum
Yuan see Red River Y Waun see Chirk
Yudino see Petukhovo Y Wig see Wick
Yug (town, western Russia) : to 1943 Yugovskoy Zabaykal’sk (town, southern Russia) : formerly
Zavod Otpor
Yugo-Kamsky (town, western Russia) : to 1929 Õabie see Verkhovyna
Yugokamsky Zavod ZRbkowice ¡lRskie (town, southwestern Poland)
Yugokamsky Zavod see Yugo-Kamsky : to 1945 German Frankenstein
Yugorsk (town, west central Russia) : formerly Zaboyshchik see Kurganovka
Komsomol’sky Záb†eh (town, east central Czech Republic) : to
Yugoslavia (historic republic, southeastern Eu- 1918, 1938–1945 German Hohenstadt
rope) : [Serbian Jugoslavija]; to 1929 Kingdom Zabrze (city, southern Poland) : 1915–1945 Ger-
of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes (Serbo-Croat man Hindenburg
Kraljevina Serba, Hrvata i Slovenaca) (In 1945 Zachan see Suchan
the kingdom became a federation of Bosnia- ≥ aclé† (town, northeastern Czech Republic) : to
Herzegovia, Croatia, Macedonia, Montene- 1918, 1939–1945 German Schatzlar
gro, Serbia, and Slovenia. In 1991 four of Zadar (city, southern Croatia) : 1919–1945 Italian
these declared their independence, leaving just Zara; Roman Jadera
 231 Zdoùbunów

Õagaü (city, southwestern Poland) : to 1945 Ger- Zara see Zadar

man Sagan Zaragoza see Saragossa
Zagorsk see Sergiyev Posad Zarasai (town, northeastern Lithuania) : 1941–
Zagorsky see Krasnozavodsk 1944 German Ossersee; to 1918 Russian Novo-
Zagreb (city, central Croatia) : to 1867 German aleksandrovsk
Agram Zárate (city, eastern Argentina) : 1932–1946
Zahirabad (town, south central India) : formerly Spanish General Uriburu; earlier Rincón de
Ekeli Zárate
Zainsk (city, western Russia) : to 1978 Novy Zay Zaravecchia see Biograd na Moru
Zaire see Congo Zarechny (town, western Russia) : formerly
Zaïre see Congo, Democratic Republic of the Pobedinsky
Zakamensk (town, southern Russia) : to 1959 Zaria (city, north central Nigeria) : to late 16th
Gorodok century Zazzau
Zakarpats’ka Oblast’ see Transcarpathian Õary (city, western Poland) : to 1945 German
Oblast Sorau
Zakarpatskaya Oblast’ see Transcarpathian Zasieki (village, western Poland) : to 1945 Ger-
Oblast man Forst (The village, originally a suburb of
Zakharivka see Frunzivka the city of Forst, eastern Germany, was trans-
Zakharovka see Frunzivka ferred to Poland in 1945.)
Zákupy (town, northern Czech Republic) : to Zaslav see Zaslawye
1918, 1938–1945 German Reichstadt Zaslavl’ see Zaslawye
Zakynthos (island, western Greece) : alternate Zaslawye (town, west central Belarus) : (Russian
Zante Zaslavl’); to c.1935 Russian Zaslav; earlier Rus-
ZalQu (city, northwestern Romania) : to 1918, sian Izyaslavl’
1940–1944 Hungarian Zilah ≥ atec (town, northwestern Czech Republic) : to
Zaleshchiki see Zalishchyky 1918, 1938–1945 German Saaz
Zales’ye (village, western Russia) : 1938–1945 Zatish’ye see Elektrostal’
German Liebenfelde; to 1938 German Zavitaya see Zavitinsk
Mehlauken Zavitinsk (town, eastern Russia) : to 1954 Zavi-
Zaleszczyki see Zalishchyky taya
Zalew Wi¢lany see Vistula Lagoon Zavodoukovsk (town, west central Russia) : to
Zalishchyky (town, western Ukraine) : (Russian 1960 Zavodoukovsky
Zaleshchiki); to 1939 Polish Zaleszczyki Zavodoukovsky see Zavodoukovsk
≥ amberk (town, northeastern Czech Republic) : Zavodskoy see 2Komsomol’sky
to 1918, 1938–1945 German Senftenberg Zavolzhsk (town, western Russia) : to 1954
Zambia (republic, south central Africa) : to 1964 Zavolzh’ye
Northern Rhodesia Zavolzh’ye (city, western Russia) : to 1960 Pestovo
Zamo¢W (city, east central Poland) : to 1915 Rus- Zavolzh’ye see Zavolzhsk
sian Zamost’ye Zavoyko see Yelizovo
Zamost’ye see Zamo¢W Zawidów (town, southwestern Poland) : to 1945
Zancle see Messina German Seidenberg
Zanesville (city, Ohio, north central United Zawiercie (city, southern Poland) : 1940–1945
States) : to 1801 Westbourne German Warthenau
Zängilan (town, southern Azerbaijan) : to 1957 Zazzau see Zaria
Pirchevan ZbRszyü (town, western Poland) : 1793–1807,
Zanow see Sianów 1815–1919, 1939–1945 German Bentschen
Zante see Zakynthos ZbRszynek (town, western Poland) : to 1945
Zapadno-Gruppsky see Shakhtars’k German Neubentschen
Zapaluta see La Trinitaria ≥ d’ár nad Sázavou (city, east central Czech Re-
Zaporizhzhya (city, southeastern Ukraine) : public) : to 1918, 1939–1945 German Saar an
(Russian Zaporozh’ye); to 1921 Oleksandriv’sk der Sazava
(Russian Aleksandrovsk) Zdolbuniv (town, western Ukraine) : (Russian
Zaporozh’ye see Zaporizhzhya Zdolbunov); 1919–1939 Polish Zdoùbunów; to
Zapotlán el Grande see Ciudad Guzmán 1918 Russian Zdolbunov
Zapovednoye (village, western Russia) : to 1945 Zdolbunov see Zdolbuniv
German Seckenburg Zdoùbunów see Zdolbuniv
Zdzieszowice 232

Zdzieszowice (village, southwestern Poland) : to section of the city of Görlitz, eastern Germany,
1945 German Odertal on the right bank of the Neisse River. In 1945
Zealand see Sjælland it passed to Poland as a separate entity under
Zebrzydowice Dolne (town, southern Poland) : the equivalent Polish name.)
to 1918, 1939–1945 German Seibersdorf Zhab’ye see Verkhovyna
Zeebrugge (town, northwestern Belgium) : Zhahti Koe see Fort Providence
French Bruges-sur-Mer (The town is the port Zhalpaktal (town, western Kazakhstan) : for-
for Bruges.) merly Russian Furmanovo; to 1935 Russian
Zehden see Cedynia Slomikhino
Zelaya (department, eastern Nicaragua) : for- Zhambyl see Taraz
merly Bluefields Zhanaozen (town, southwestern Kazakhstan) :
Zelena see 2Druzhba formerly Russian Novy Uzen’
Zelenodol’sk (town, western Russia) : to 1932 Zhangaqazaly see Ayteke Bi
Zelyony Dol Zhangde see Anyang
Zelenogorsk (town, western Russia) : to 1948 Zhangjiakou (city, northeastern China) : alter-
Finnish Terijoki (The town passed to the nate Mongolian Kalgan
USSR in 1940 but retained its Finnish name Zhanjiang (city, southeastern China) : 1898–
until 1948.) 1945 French Fort-Bayard
Zelenogradsk (town, western Russia) : to 1945 Zharkent (city, southeastern Kazakhstan) : 1942–
German Kranz (The town should not be con- 1991 Russian Panfilov; to 1942 Russian
fused with the much larger Zelenograd, now a Dzharkent
satellite suburb of Moscow.) Zhavoronkovo (village, western Russia) : to 1945
Zelenokumsk (city, southwestern Russia) : German Wirbeln
1963–1965 Sovetskoye; to 1963 Vorontsovo- Zhdanov see Mariupol’
Aleksandrovskoye Zhdanovsk see Beyläqan
Zelensk see 1Asaka Zhelaniya, Cape (northwestern Russia) : for-
≥ elezná Ruda (village, southwestern Czech Re- merly Cape Mauritius
1
public) : to 1918, 1938–1945 German Eisenstein Zheleznodorozhny (city, western Russia, near
(The village lies on the German border oppo- Moscow) : to 1939 Obiralovka
2
site Bayerisch Eisenstein.) Zheleznodorozhny (town, western Russia, near
≥ eleznï Brod (town, northern Czech Republic) : Kaliningrad) : to 1945 German Gerdauen
to 1918, 1939–1945 German Eisenbrod Zheleznodorozhny see (1) Qunghirot;
≥ eliezovce (town, southern Slovakia) : to 1918 (2) Yemva
Hungarian Zseliz Zheleznogorsk see Zheleznogorsk-Ilimsky
Zelman see Rovnoye Zheleznogorsk-Ilimsky (city, southern Russia) :
Zelyony Dol see Zelenodol’sk to 1965 Zheleznogorsk
Zemen (town, western Bulgaria) : formerly Belovo Zhelyu Voivoda (village, eastern Bulgaria) : for-
Zemlya Imperatora Nikolaya II see Severnaya merly Mikhaylovo
Zemlya Zhengxian see Zhengzhou
Zempelburg see Sdpólno Krajeüskie Zhengzhou (city, east central China) : 1913–1949
Zemun (town, north central Serbia) : to 1867 Zhengxian
German Semlin (Zemun is now incorporated Zherdevka (town, western Russia) : to 1954
into Belgrade.) Chibizovka
Zengg see Senj Zhezdy (town, central Kazakhstan) : to 1962
Zenkovka see 2Chkalovskoye Marganets, earlier Kotabaru
Zenta see Senta Zhidachov see Zhydachiv
Zernograd (city, southwestern Russia) : 1933– Zhigulyovsk (city, western Russia) : 1949–1952
1960 Zernovoy; to 1933 Verblyud Otvazhny; 1946–1949 Otvazhnoye
Zernovoy see Zernograd Zhilyanka see Kargalinskoye
Zestap’oni (town, west central Georgia) : to 1924 Zhirnovsk (town, southwestern Russia) : 1954–
Kvirily; formerly alternate Dzhugeli 1958 Zhirnovsky; to 1954 Zhirnoye
Zetland see Shetland Zhirnovsky see Zhirnovsk
Zeugma see Balkis Zhirnoye see Zhirnovsk
Zeytun see Lamía Zhitomir see Zhytomyr
Zgorzelec (town, western Poland) : to 1945 Ger- Zhivkovo (village, west central Bulgaria) : to
man Görlitz-Moys (The town was originally a 1878 Turkish Avliköy
 233 Õnin

Zhob (town, southwestern Pakistan) : 1889– Zimbabwe (republic, south central Africa) :
1970s Fort Sandeman 1964–1980 Rhodesia; to 1964 Southern Rhodesia
Zholkva see Zhovkva Zimnitsa (village, eastern Bulgaria) : to 1878
Zhovkva (town, western Ukraine) : (Russian Turkish Kashlaköy
Zholkva); 1951–1991 Russian Nesterov; 1941– Zimogor’ye see Zymohir’ya
1944 German Zolkiew; to 1939 Polish Õóùkiew Zinnik see Soignies
Zhovta Richka see Zhovti Vody Zinov’yevsk see Kirovohrad
1
Zhovten’ (town, western Ukraine) : to 1940 Zinov’yevs’k see Kirovohrad
Yezupil’ (Polish Jezupol, Russian Yezupol’ ) Zinten see Kornevo
2
Zhovten’ (village, southern Ukraine) : to c.1938 Zion see (1) Israel; (2) Jerusalem; (2) Palestine
Petrovyrivka (Russian Petroverovka) Zipser-Neudorf see Spi§ská Nová Ves
Zhovti Vody (city, eastern Ukraine) : (Russian Zirke see Sieraków
Zhyoltyye Vody); 1939–1957 Zhovta Richka Zi£tov see Svishtov
(Russian Zhyoltaya Reka); to 1939 Rudnyk imeny Ziwa Magharibi see Kagera
Shvartsa (Russian Rudnik imeni Shvartsa) Zlaté Hory (town, northeastern Czech Republic)
1
Zhovtneve (town, southern Ukraine) : (Russian : to 1919, 1939–1945 German Zuckmantel
Zhovtnevoye); 1938–1961 Russian Oktyabr’skoye; Zlaté Moravce (town, southwestern Slovakia) :
to 1938 Ukrainian Bohoyavlens’ke (Russian Bo- to 1918 Hungarian Aranyoszmarót
goyavlensk) (The town became part of the city Zlaten Dol see Simeonovgrad
of Mykolayiv in 1973.) Zlatna (town, central Romania) : to 1920 Ger-
2
Zhovtneve (town, northern Ukraine) : (Russian man Klein-Schlattern
Zhovtnevoye); to 1957 Mykolayivka-Vyrivs’ka Zlatograd town, southern Bulgaria) : to 1934
(Russian Nikolayevka-Vyrevskaya) Dara Dere; to 1878 Turkish Darqdere
3
Zhovtneve (village, eastern Ukraine) : (Russian Zlín (city, southeastern Czech Republic) : 1948–
Zhovtnevoye); 1944–1961 Stalins’ke (Russian 1990 Gottwaldov
Stalinskoye); c.1928–1944 Stalindorf; to c.1928 Zùocieniec (town, northwestern Poland) : to
Russian Izluchistaya 1945 German Falkenberg
Zhovtnevoye see 1,2,3Zhovtneve Zùoczów see Zolochiv
Zhukovo (village, western Russia) : to 1974 Zlokuchen see Ivanski
Ugodsky Zavod Zùotoryja (town, southwestern Poland) : to 1945
Zhukovsky (town, western Russia) : 1938–1947 German Goldberg
Stakhanovo; to 1938 Otdykh Zùotów (town, northwestern Poland) : to 1945
Zhydachiv (town, western Ukraine) : (Russian German Flatow
Zhidachov); to 1939 Polish Õydaczów Zùoty Stok (town, southwestern Poland) : to
Zhyoltaya Reka see Zhovti Vody 1945 German Reichenstein
Zhyoltyye Vody see Zhovti Vody ≥ lutice (town, western Czech Republic) : to
Zhytomyr (city, west central Ukraine) : (Russian 1918, 1938–1945 German Luditz
Zhitomir); to 1939 Polish Õytomierz; to 1918 Zmajevo (village, northern Serbia) : to 1947
Russian Zhitomir Pa§iWevo
Zichenau see Ciechanów Õmigród (town, southwestern Poland) : 1793–
Zidani Most (village, central Slovenia) : to 1918, 1807, 1815–1919, 1939–1945 German Trachen-
1941–1945 German Steinbrück berg
≥ idlochovice (town, southeastern Czech Repub- Zmiyiv (town, northeastern Ukraine) : (Russian
lic) : to 1918, 1939–1945 German Seelowitz Zmiyov); 1976–1990 Hotval’d (Russian Got-
Zidbice (town, southwestern Poland) : to 1945 val’d) (The earlier name represents that of the
German Münsterberg Austrian-born Czech president Kliment Gott-
Ziebingen see Cybinka wald, who also gave the former name of Zlín.)
Ziegenhals see Gùuchoùazy Zmiyov see Zmiyiv
Zielenzig see Suldcin Znaim see Znojmo
Zielona Góra (city, western Poland) : to 1945 Znamensk (town, western Russia) : to 1945 Ger-
German Grünberg man Wehlau
Zighoud Youcef (town, northeastern Algeria) : Znamensky see Pamyati 13 Bortsov
to c.1962 French Condé-Smendou Znin see Õnin
Zilah see ZalQu Õnin (town, west central Poland) : 1940–1945
≥ ilina (city, northwestern Slovakia) : 1939–1945 German Diefurt; 1793–1807, 1815–1919 Ger-
German Sillein; 1867–1918 Hungarian Zsolna man Znin
Znojmo 234

Znojmo (city, southern Czech Republic) : to Züllichau see Sulechów

1918, 1948–1945 German Znaim Zülpich (town, western Germany) : Roman Tol-
Zoan see Tanis biacum
Zobten see Sobótka Zülz see Biaùa
Zolkiew see Zhovkva Zurich (city, northern Switzerland) : German
Õóùkiew see Zhovkva Zürich; Italian Zurigo
Zolochev see Zolochiv Zürich see Zurich
Zolochiv (town, western Ukraine) : (Russian Zurigo see Zurich
Zolochev); to 1939 Polish Zùoczów Zvanka see Volkhov
Zolotushino see Gornyak Zvenigovo (town, western Russia) : to c.1940
Zólyom see Zvolen Zvenigovsky Zaton
Zombor see Sombor Zvenigovsky Zaton see Zvenigovo
Zoppot see 2Sopot Zvishavane (town, south central Zimbabwe) :
Zorinsk see Zoryns’k formerly Shabani
Zorndorf see Sarbinowo Zvolen (town, central Slovakia) : 1939–1945
Õory (town, southern Poland) : to 1945 German German Altsohl; 1867–1918 Hungarian Zólyom
Sohrau Zvornik (town, eastern Bosnia-Herzegovina) : to
Zoryns’k (town, eastern Ukraine) : (Russian 1878 Turkish jzvornik
Zorinsk); to 1963 Olenivka (Russian Yelenovka) Zwaanendael see Lewes
Zoug see Zug Zweibrücken (city, southwestern Germany) :
Zrenjanin (city, northern Serbia) : 1930s–1947 1801–1815 French Deux-Ponts; Medieval Latin
Petrovgrad; 1918–1930s Veliki BeVkerek; to 1918 Bipontium
Hungarian Nag ybecskerek Zwischenwässern see Medvode
Zschornegosda see Schwarzheide Zwittau see Svitavy
Zselizs see ≥ eliezovce Õydaczów see Zhydachiv
Zsolna see ≥ ilina Zymohir’ya (town, eastern Ukraine) : (Russian
Zsombolya see Jimbolia Zimogor’ye); to 1961 Cherkas’ke (Russian
Zuckmantel see Zlaté Hory Cherkasskoye)
Zug (town, north central Switzerland) : French Õytomierz see Zhytomir
Zoug Õywiec (town, southern Poland) : 1939–1945
Zuider Zee see IJsselmeer German Saybusch
Zula la Vieja see La Piedad Cavadas
 Appendix I:
Names of Places
in Non-English Languages

Below is a selection of well-known placenames in their non–English forms, represented by

members of seven different language families: French (Romance), German (Germanic); Turk-
ish (Turkic), Finnish (Finno-Ugric), Polish (Slavic), Welsh (Celtic), and Chinese (Sino-Tibetan).
French has the fullest representation, with the names arranged by categories. The Chinese names
have their own preamble.

1. French Bulgaria : Bulgarie England : Angleterre

Burkina Faso : Burkina Equatorial Guinea : Guinée
I. CONTINENTS Burundi : Burundi Équatoriale
Africa : Afrique Cambodia : Cambodge Eritrea : Érythrée
America : Amérique Cameroon : Cameroun Estonia : Estonie
Antarctica : Antarctique Canada : Canada Ethiopia : Éthiopie
Asia : Asie Cape Verde : Cap-Vert Fiji : Fiji
Europe : Europe Central African Republic : Finland : Finlande
République Centrafricaine France : France
II. COUNTRIES Chad : Tchad French Guiana : Guyane
Afghanistan : Afghanistan Chile : Chili Française
Albania : Albanie China : Chine Gabon : Gabon
Algeria : Algérie Colombia : Colombie Gambia : Gambie
Andorra : Andorre Congo, Democratic Republic of Georgia : Géorgie
Angola : Angola the : République Démocra- Germany : Allemagne
Argentina : Argentine tique du Congo Ghana : Ghana
Armenia : Arménie Congo, Republic of the : Great Britain : Grande-Bretagne
Australia : Australie République du Congo Greece : Grèce
Austria : Autriche Costa Rica : Costa Rica Grenada : Grenade
Azerbaijan : Azerbaïdjan Côte d’Ivoire : Côte d’Ivoire Guadeloupe : Guadeloupe
Bahrain : Bahreïn Croatia : Croatie Guatemala : Guatemala
Bangladesh : Bangladesh Cuba : Cuba Guinea : Guinée
Belarus : Belarus Cyprus : Chypre Guinea-Bissau : Guinée-Bissau
Belgium : Belgique Czech Republic : République Guyana : Guyane
Belize : Belize Tchèque Haiti : Haïti
Benin : Bénin Denmark : Danemark Honduras : Honduras
Bhutan : Bhoutan Djibouti : Djibouti Hungary : Hongrie
Bolivia : Bolivie Dominica : Dominique Iceland : Islande
Bosnia-Herzegovina : Bosnie- Dominican Republic : India : Inde
Herzégovine République Dominicaine Indonesia : Indonésie
Botswana : Botswana Ecuador : Équateur Iran : Iran
Brazil : Brésil Egypt : Égypte Iraq : Iraq
Brunei : Brunei El Salvador : Salvador Ireland : Irlande

235
Names of Places in French 236

Israel : Israël Polynesia : Polynésie III. REGIONS AND

Italy : Italie Portugal : Portugal DISTRICTS
Japan : Japon Qatar : Qatar
Jordan : Jordanie Réunion : Réunion Algarve : Algarve
Kazakhstan : Kazakhstan Romania : Roumanie Anatolia : Anatolie
Kenya : Kenya Russia : Russie Andalusia : Andalousie
Kiribati : Kiribati Rwanda : Rwanda Aragon : Aragon
Kosovo : Kosovo San Marino : Saint-Marin Asturias : Asturies
Kuwait : Koweït São Tomé and Príncipe : São Basque Country : Pays Basque
Kyrgyzstan : Kirghizstan Tomé et Príncipe Bavaria : Bavière
Laos : Laos Saudi Arabia : Arabie Saoudite Black Forest : Forêt-Noire
Latvia : Lettonie Scotland : Écosse Bohemia : Bohème
Lebanon : Liban Senegal : Sénégal British Columbia : Colombie-
Lesotho : Lesotho Serbia : Serbie Brittanique
Liberia : Liberia Sierra Leone : Sierra Leone Brittany : Bretagne
Libya : Libye Singapore : Singapour Burgundy : Bourgogne
Liechtenstein : Liechtenstein Slovakia : Slovaquie Calabria : Calabre
Lithuania : Lituanie Slovenia : Slovénie California : Californie
Livorno : Livourne Somalia : Somalie Campania : Campanie
Luxembourg : Luxembourg South Africa : Afrique du Sud Cantabria : Cantabrique
Macedonia : Macédoine South Korea : Corée du Sud Carinthia : Carinthie
Madagascar : Madagascar Spain : Espagne Carolina : Caroline
Malawi : Malawi Sri Lanka : Sri Lanka Castile : Castille
Malaysia : Malaisie Sudan : Soudan Catalonia : Catalogne
Maldives : Maldives Surinam : Suriname Cornwall : Cornouailles
Mali : Mali Swaziland : Swaziland Crimea : Crimée
Malta : Malte Sweden : Suède Dalmatia : Dalmatie
Mauritania : Mauritanie Switzerland : Suisse Extremadura : Estrémadure
Mauritius : Maurice Syria : Syrie Flanders : Flandre
Mexico : Mexique Taiwan : Taïwan Florida : Floride
Moldova : Moldova Tajikistan : Tadjikistan Franconia : Franconie
Monaco : Monaco Tanzania : Tanzanie Free State : État Libre
Mongolia : Mongolie Thailand : Thaïlande Friesland : Frise
Montenegro : Monténégro Togo : Togo Galicia : Galice
Morocco : Maroc Tunisia : Tunisie Gascony : Gascogne
Mozambique : Mozambique Turin : Turin Georgia : Géorgie
Myanmar : Myanmar Turkey : Turquie Goa : Goa
Namibia : Namibie Turkmenistan : Turkménistan Holland : Hollande
Nepal : Népal Tuvalu : Tuvalu Jutland : Jylland
Netherlands : Pays-Bas Uganda : Ouganda Karelia : Carélie
New Zealand : Nouvelle-Zélande Ukraine : Ukraine Labrador : Labrador
Nicaragua : Nicaragua United Arab Emirates : Émirats La Mancha : La Manche
Niger : Niger Arabes Unis Lapland : Laponie
Nigeria : Nigeria United Kingdom : Royaume- Liguria : Ligurie
Northern Ireland: Irlande du Uni Lombardy : Lombardie
Nord United States : États-Unis Louisiana : Louisiane
North Korea : Corée du Nord Uruguay : Uruguay Marches : Marches
Norway : Norvège Uzbekistan : Ouzbékistan Moldavia : Moldavie
Oman : Oman Vanuatu : Vanuatu Moravia : Moravie
Padua : Padoue Vatican : Vatican New Brunswick : Nouveau-
Pakistan : Pakistan Venezuela : Venezuela Brunswick
Palestine : Palestine Vietnam : Viêt Nam New England : Nouvelle-
Panama : Panamá Wales : Pays de Galles Angleterre
Papua New Guinea : Papouasie- Western Sahara : Sahara Occi- New Mexico : Nouveau-
Nouvelle-Guinée dental Mexique
Paraguay : Paraguay Yemen : Yémen New South Wales : Nouvelle-
Peru : Pérou Zambia : Zambie Galles du Sud
Philippines : Philippines Zimbabwe : Zimbabwe Newfoundland : Terre-Neuve
Poland : Pologne Normandy : Normandie
 237 Names of Places in French

Northern Territory : Territoire- Belgrade : Belgrade London : Londres

du-Nord Benevento : Bénévent Lucca : Lucques
Northwest Territories : Territoires Bergamo : Bergame Madrid : Madrid
du Nord-Ouest Berlin : Berlin Mainz : Mayence
Nova Scotia : Nouvelle-Écosse Bern : Berne Manila : Manille
Patagonia : Patagonie Biel : Bienne Mantua : Mantoue
Pennsylvania : Pennsylvanie Bologna : Bologne Mecca : La Mecque
Picardy : Picardie Bragança : Bragance Messina : Messine
Piedmont : Piémont Bremen : Brême Mexico City : Mexico
Pomerania : Poméranie Brig : Brigue Milan : Milan
Prince Edward Island : Île du Bruges : Bruges Modena : Modène
Prince-Édouard Brussels : Bruxelles Montreal : Montréal
Prussia : Prusse Bucharest : Bucarest Moscow : Moscou
Puglia : Pouille Budapest : Budapest Munich : Munich
Punjab : Pendjab Buenos Aires : Buenos Aires Murcia : Murcie
Rhineland : Rhénanie Cádiz : Cadix Naples : Naples
Ruthenia : Ruthénie Cairo : Le Caire New Orleans : La Nouvelle-Or-
Savoy : Savoie Canterbury : Cantorbéry léans
Saxony : Saxe Cape Town : Le Cap New York : New York
Siberia : Sibérie Cartagena : Carthagène Nice : Nice
Silesia : Silésie Caserta : Caserte Nicosia : Nicosie
South Australia : Australie- Catania : Catane Nijmegen : Nimègue
Méridionale Cologne : Cologne Novara : Novare
Swabia : Souabe Como : Côme Nuremberg : Nuremberg
Thuringia : Thuringe Copenhagen : Copenhague Oporto : Porto
Transylvania : Transylvanie Córdoba : Cordoue Ostend : Ostende
Tuscany : Toscane Cremona : Crémone Ostia : Ostie
Tyrol : Tyrol Damascus : Damas Ourense : Orense
Umbria : Ombrie Den Helder : Le Helder Palermo : Palerme
Virginia : Virginie Dover : Douvres Pamplona : Pampelune
Wallachia : Valachie Dresden : Dresde Paris : Paris
Wallonia : Wallonie Dublin : Dublin Parma : Parme
Western Australia : Australie-Oc- Dunkirk : Dunkerque Pavia : Pavie
cidentale Edinburgh : Édimbourg Philadelphia : Philadelphie
Westphalia : Westphalie Ferrara : Ferrare Piacenza : Plaisance
Zeeland : Zélande Florence : Florence Pisa : Pise
Frankfurt : Francfort Prague : Prague
IV. TOWNS AND CITIES Freiburg : Fribourg Quebec : Québec
Aachen : Aix-la-Chapelle Gaeta : Gaète Ragusa : Raguse
Acre : Acre Geneva : Genève Ravenna : Ravenne
Adelaide : Adélaïde Genoa : Gênes Regensburg : Ratisbonne
Agrigento : Agrigente Gerona : Gérone Rome : Rome
Aleppo : Alep Ghent : Gand Saarbrücken : Sarrebruck
Alessandria : Alexandrie Granada : Grenade Saarlouis : Sarrelouis
Alexandria : Alexandrie Groningen : Groningue St. Petersburg : Saint-Péters-
Algeciras : Algéciras Hague, The : La Haye bourg
Algiers : Alger Hamburg : Hambourg Salamanca : Salamanque
Ancona : Ancône Hanover : Hanovre Salerno : Salerne
Andorra la Vella : Andorre-la- Havana : La Havane Salonika : Thessalonique
Vieille Helsinki : Helsinki Salzburg : Salzbourg
Antwerp : Anvers Istanbul : Istanbul San Francisco : San Francisco
Aosta : Aoste Jerusalem : Jérusalem San Sebastián : Saint-Sébastien
Assisi : Assise Kabul : Kaboul Santiago de Compostela : Saint-
Athens : Athènes Koblenz : Coblence Jacques-de-Compostelle
Baghdad : Bagdad Kraków : Cracovie Santo Domingo : Saint-
Barcelona : Barcelone La Coruña : La Corogne Domingue
Basel : Bâle Latakia : Lattaquie São Paolo : São Paolo
Beijing : Pékin Leiden : Leyde Saragossa : Saragosse
Beirut : Beyrouth Lisbon : Lisbonne Savona : Savone
Names of Places in French 238

Schaffhausen : Schaffhouse Constance, Lake : Lac de Con- Tigris : Tigre

Segovia : Ségovie stance Vistula : Vistule
Seoul : Séoul Coral Sea : Mer de Corail Volga : Volga
Seville : Séville Dead Sea : Mer Morte
’s-Hertogenbosch : Bois-le-Duc Dover, Strait of : Pas de Calais VIII. ISLANDS
Siena : Sienne Edward, Lake : Lac Édouard Admiralty Islands : Îles de l’Ami-
Sofia : Sofia English Channel : Manche rauté
Solothurn : Soleure Erie, Lake : Lac Érié Aeolian Islands : Îles Éoliennes
Sparta : Sparte Garda, Lake : Lac de Garde Alderney : Aurigny
Speyer : Spire Golden Horn : Corne d’Or Amirante Islands : Îles Amirantes
Split : Split Great Australian Bight : Grande Antigua : Antiqua
Spoleto : Spolète Baie Australienne Antilles : Antilles
Stockholm : Stockholm Great Bear Lake : Grand Lac de Ascension : Ascension
Tangier : Tanger l’Ours Azores : Açores
Taranto : Tarente Great Lakes Grands Lacs Bahamas : Bahamas
Tarragona : Tarragone Great Salt Lake : Grand Lac Salé Balearic Islands : Baléares
Thun : Thoune Great Slave Lake : Grand Lac des Barbados : Barbade
Timbuktu : Tombouktou Esclaves Bermuda : Bermudes
Tokyo : Tokyo Huron, Lake : Lac Huron Bismarck Archipelago : Archipel
Toledo : Tolède Irish Sea : Mer d’Irlande Bismarck
Trento : Trente Lion, Gulf of : Golfe du Lion Borneo : Bornéo
Treviso : Trévise Lucerne, Lake : Lac des Quatre- British Isles : Îles Brittaniques
Trier : Trèves Cantons Canary Islands : Îles Canaries
Tunis : Tunis Maggiore, Lake : Lac Majeur Cape Breton Island : Île du Cap
Valencia : Valence Mediterranean Sea : Mer Breton
Venice : Venise Méditerranée Capri : Capri
Ventimiglia : Vintimille Mexico, Gulf of : Golfe du Mex- Channel Islands : Îles Anglo-
Verona : Vérone ique Normandes
Vicenza: Vicence North Sea : Mer du Nord Christmas Island : Île Christmas
Vienna : Vienne Ontario, Lac : Lac Ontario Comoros : Comores
Viterbo : Viterbe Persian Gulf : Golfe Persique Cook Islands : Îles Cook
Vlissingen : Flessingue Pigs, Bay of : Baie des Cochons Corsica : Corse
Warsaw : Varsovie Red Sea : Mer Rouge Crete : Crète
Zurich : Zurich Reindeer Lake : Lac Caribou Curaçao : Curaçao
Superior, Lake : Lac Supérieur Cyclades : Cyclades
V. OCEANS Tiberias, Lake : Lac de Tibériade Dodecanese : Dodécanèse
Arctic : Arctique Tyrrhenian Sea : Mer Tyrrhéni- Easter Island : Île de Pâques
Atlantic : Atlantique enne Estados, Isla de los : Île des États
Indian : Indien White Sea : Mer Blanche Falkland Islands : Îles Malouines
Pacific : Pacifique Yellow Sea : Mer Jaune Faroes : Îles Féroé
Frisian Islands : Îles de la Frise
VI. SEAS, LAKES, BAYS, VII. RIVERS Galápagos Islands : Îles Galápa-
GULFS, INLETS, Amazon : Amazone gos
AND CHANNELS Congo : Zaïre Gran Canaria : Grande Canarie
Adriatic Sea : Mer Adriatique Danube : Danube Greenland : Groenland
Aegean Sea : Mer Égée Ebro : Èbre Grenada : Grenade
Albert, Lake : Lac Albert Euphrates : Euphrate Grenadines : Îles Grenadines
Baltic Sea : Mer Baltique Ganges : Gange Guernsey : Guernesey
Barents Sea : Mer de Barents Indus : Indus Hebrides : Îles Hébrides
Bering Sea : Mer de Béring Jordan : Jourdain Hispaniola : Hispaniola
Biscay, Bay of : Golfe de Nile : Nil Ionian Islands : Îles Ioniennes
Gascogne Po : Pô Jamaica : Jamaïque
Black Sea : Mer Noire Rhine : Rhin Java : Java
Bothnia, Gulf of : Golfe de Bot- Rhône : Rhône Jersey : Jersey
nie St. Lawrence : Saint-Laurent Kuril Islands : Îles Kouriles
Caribbean Sea : Mer des Antilles Tagus : Tage Leeward Islands : Îles Sous-le-
Carpentaria, Gulf of : Golfe de Thames : Tamise Vent
Carpentarie Tiber : Tibre Loyalty Islands : Îles Loyauté
Caspian Sea : Mer Caspienne Ticino : Tessin Madeira : Madère
 239 Names of Places in German

Majorca : Majorque Ardennes : Ardennes Armenia : Armenien

Mariana Islands : Îles Mariannes Atlas : Atlas Asia : Asien
Marquesas Islands : Îles Mar- Carpathian Mountains : Carpates Athens : Athen
quises Cascade Range : Chaîne des Cas- Atlantic : Atlantik
Marshall Islands : Îles Marshall cades Atlas : Atlas
Martinique : Martinique Caucasus : Caucase Australia : Australien
Mascarene Islands : Îles Mas- Coast Mountains : Chaîne Austria : Österreich
careignes Côtière Azores : Azoren
Micronesia : Micronésie Dolomites : Dolomites Baghdad : Bagdad
Minorca : Minorque Himalaya : Himalaya Bahamas : Bahamas
Moluccas : Îles Moluques Matterhorn : Mont Cervin Bahrain : Bahraïn
New Britain : Nouvelle-Bretagne Olympus : Olympe Balearic Islands : Balearen
New Caledonia : Nouvelle-Calé- Pindus Mountains : Pinde Baltic Sea : Ostsee
donie Pyrenees : Pyrénées Bangladesh : Bangladesh
New Guinea : Nouvelle-Guinée Rocky Mountains : Montagnes Barbados : Barbados
New Ireland : Nouvelle-Irlande Rocheuses Barents Sea : Barentssee
New Siberian Islands : Nouvelle- Table Mountain : Montagne de la Basel : Basel
Sibérie Table Bavaria : Bayern
Nicobar Islands : Îles Nicobar Urals : Oural Beirut : Beirut
Novaya Zemlya : Nouvelle-Zem- Belgium : Belgiem
ble X. CAPES, PROMONTORIES, Belgrade : Belgrad
Oceania : Océanie AND PENINSULAS Belize : Belize
Orkney : Orcades Agulhas, Cape : Cap des Aiguilles Bering Sea : Beringmeer
Puerto Rico : Porto Rico Cod, Cape : Cap Cod Berlin : Berlin
St. Helena : Sainte-Hélène Giant’s Causeway : Chaussée des Bermuda : Bermuda
St. Kitts : Saint-Kitts Géants Bern : Bern
St. Lucia : Sainte-Lucie Good Hope, Cape of : Cap de Biscay, Bay of : Golf von Biskaya
St. Vincent : Saint-Vincent Bonne-Espérance Black Forest : Schwarzwald
Samoa : Samoa Horn, Cape : Cap Horn Black Sea : Schwarzes Meer
Sardinia : Sardaigne Horn of Africa : Corne de Bohemia : Böhmen
Sark : Sercq l’Afrique Bolivia : Bolivien
Scilly Isles : Sorlingues Land’s End : Land’s End Borneo : Borneo
Severnaya Zemlya : Terre du Palmas, Cape : Cap des Palmes Bosnia-Herzegovina : Bosnien-
Nord York, Cape : Cap York Herzegowina
Shetland : Shetland Bothnia, Gulf of : Bottnischer
Sicily : Sicile 2. German Meerbusen
Society Islands : Îles de la Société Botswana : Botswana
Staten Island see Estados, Isla de Adriatic Sea : Adriatisches Meer Brazil : Brasilien
los Aegean Sea : Ägäisches Meer British Isles : Britische Inseln
Sumatra : Sumatra Afghanistan : Afghanistan Brittany : Bretagne
Tasmania : Tasmanie Africa : Afrika Bruges : Brügge
Tierra del Fuego : Terre de Feu Albania : Albanien Brunei : Brunei
Tortuga : Île de la Tortue Algeria : Algerien Brussels : Brüssel
Trinidad and Tobago : Trinité-et- Algiers : Algier Bucharest : Bukarest
Tobago Alps : Alpen Budapest : Budapest
Tristan da Cunha : Tristan da Alsace-Lorraine : Elsaß-Lothrin- Buenos Aires : Buenos Aires
Cunha gen Bulgaria : Bulgarien
Ushant : Ouessant Amazon : Amazonas Burgundy : Burgund
Virgin Islands : Îles Vierges America : Amerika Cairo : Kairo
West Indies : Indes Occidentales Andes : Andes California : Kalifornien
Windward Islands : Îles du Vent Andorra : Andorra Cambodia : Kambodscha
Zanzibar : Zanzibar Angola : Angola Cameroon : Kamerun
Antarctica : Antarktis Canada : Kanada
IX. MOUNTAINS Antwerp : Antwerpen Canary Islands : Kanarische In-
Alps : Alpes Appalachian Mountains : Ap- seln
Andes : Andes palachen Cape Town : Kapstadt
Apennines : Apennin Aragon : Aragon Cape Verde : Kapverden
Appalachian Mountains : Ap- Arctic : Arktis Capri : Capri
palaches Argentina : Argentinien Caribbean Sea : Karibisches Meer
Names of Places in German 240

Carinthia : Kärnten Friesland : Friesland Jutland : Jütland

Carpathian Mountains : Karpaten Frisian Islands : Friesische Inseln Kenya : Kenia
1
Carthage : Karthago Galicia (in eastern Europe) : Korea : Korea
Caspian Sea : Kaspisches Meer Galizien Kosovo : Kosovo
2
Castile : Kastilien Galicia (in Spain) : Galicien Kraków : Krakau
Caucasus : Kaukasus Gambia : Gambia Kuwait : Kuwair
Central African Republic : Zen- Ganges : Ganges Kyrgyzstan : Kirgistan
tralafrikanische Republik Geneva : Genf Labrador : Labrador
Chad : Tschad Genoa : Genua Laos : Laos
1
Channel Islands : Kanalinseln Georgia (in USA) : Georgia Lapland : Lappland
2
Chile : Chile Georgia (in Europe) : Georgien Latvia : Lettland
China : China Germany : Deutschland Lebanon : Libanon
Christmas Island : Weihnachtsin- Ghana : Ghana Leeward Islands : Inseln über
sel Ghent : Gent dem Winde
Cologne : Köln Gibraltar : Gibraltar Lesotho : Lesotho
Congo : Kongo Good Hope, Cape of : Kap der Liberia : Liberia
Copenhagen : Kopenhagen guten Hoffnung Libya : Libyen
Coral Sea : Korallenmeer Gran Canaria : Gran Canaria Liechtenstein : Liechtenstein
Cornwall : Cornwall Great Australian Bight : Große Liguria : Ligurie
Corsica : Korsika Australische Bucht Lisbon : Lissabon
Costa Rica : Costa Rica Great Britain : Großbritannien Lithuania : Litauen
Côte d’Ivoire : Elfenbeinküste Great Lakes : Große Seen Ljubljana : Laibach
Crete : Kreta Greece : Griechenland Lombardy : Lombardei
Crimea : Krim Greenland : Grönland London : London
Croatia : Kroatien Grenada : Grenada Lucerne, Lake : Vierwaldstätter
Cuba : Kuba Guadeloupe : Guadelupe See
Curaçao : Curaçao Guatemala : Guatemala Luxembourg : Luxemburg
Cyprus : Zypern Guernsey : Guernsey Macedonia : Makedonien
Czech Republic : Tschechien Guinea : Guinea Madagascar : Madagaskar
Dalmatia : Dalmatien Guyana : Guyana Madeira : Madeira
Damascus : Damaskus Hague, The : Den Haag Madrid : Madrid
Danube : Donau Haiti : Haiti Majorca : Mallorca
Dead Sea : Totes Meer Hanover : Hannover Malawi : Malawi
Denmark : Dänemark Havana : Havanna Malaysia : Malaysia
Dolomites : Dolomiten Hebrides : Hebriden Maldives : Malediven
Dominica : Dominika Himalaya : Himalaya Malta : Malta
Dominican Republic : Do- Holland : Holland Martinique : Martinique
minikanische Republik Honduras : Honduras Mauritius : Mauritius
Dunkirk : Dünkirchen Horn, Cape : Kap Hoorn Mecca : Mekka
Easter Island : Osterinsel Hungary : Ungarn Mediterranean Sea : Mittelmeer
Egypt : Ägypten Iceland : Island Mexico : Mexiko
England : England India : Indien Mexico City : Mexiko City
English Channel : Ärmelkanal Indian Ocean : Indischer Ozean Milan : Mailand
Equatorial Guinea : Äquatorial- Indonesia : Indonesien Minorca : Menorca
Guinea Ionian Sea : Ionisches Meer Moldova : Moldawien
Estonia : Estland Iran : Iran Moluccas : Molukken
Ethiopia : Äthiopen Iraq : Irak Monaco : Monaco
Euphrates : Euphrat Ireland : Irland Mongolia : Mongolei
Europe : Europa Irish Sea : Irische See Montenegro : Montenegro
Falkland Islands : Falklandinseln Israel : Israel Moravia : Mähren
Faroes : Färöer Istanbul : Istanbul Morocco : Marokko
Fiji : Fidschiinseln Italy : Italien Moscow : Moskau
Finland : Finnland Jamaica : Jamaika Mozambique : Mosambik
Flanders : Flandern Japan : Japan Munich : München
Florence : Florenz Java : Java Myanmar : Myanmar
France : Frankreich Jersey : Jersey Namibia : Namibia
Franconia : Franken Jerusalem : Jerusalem Naples : Neapel
1
French Guiana : Französisch- Jordan (country) : Jordanien Nepal : Nepal
2
Guayana Jordan (river) : Jordan Netherlands : Niederlande
 241 Names of Places in Turkish

Neu Delhi : Neu-Delhi Samoa : Samoa United Kingdom : Vereinigtes

New England : Neuengland San Marino : San Marino Königreich
Newfoundland : Neufundland Sardinia : Sardinien United States : Vereinigte Staaten
New Guinea : Neuguinea Saudi Arabia : Saudi-Arabien Urals : Ural
New Mexico : New Mexico Saxony : Sachsen Uruguay : Uruguay
New Orleans : New Orleans Scilly Isles : Scillyinseln Uzbekistan : Usbekistan
New South Wales : Neusüdwales Scotland : Schottland Vatican : Vatikan
New York : New York Senegal : Senegal Venezuela : Venezuela
New Zealand : Neuseeland Serbia : Serbien Venice : Venedig
Nicaragua : Nicaragua Seville : Sevilla Vienna : Wien
Nice : Nizza ’s-Hertogenbosch : Herzogen- Vietnam : Vietname
Niger : Niger busch Virgin Islands : Jungferninseln
Nigeria : Nigeria Shetland : Shetlandinseln Virginia : Virginia
Nile : Nil Siberia : Sibirien Vistula : Weichsel
Normandy : Normandie Sicily : Sizilien Volga : Wolga
Northern Ireland : Nordirland Sierra Leone : Sierra Leone Wales : Wales
North Korea : Nordkorea Silesia : Schlesien Warsaw : Warschau
North Sea : Nordsee Singapore : Singapur West Indies : Westindische Inseln
Norway : Norwegen Slovakia : Slowakei Westphalia : Westfalen
Nova Scotia : Neuschottland Slovenia : Slowenien White Sea : Weißes Meer
Nuremberg : Nürnberg Somalia : Somalia Windward Islands : Inseln über
Oceania : Ozeanien South Africa : Südafrika dem Winde
Olympus : Olymp South Australia : Südaustralien Yellow Sea : Gelbes Meer
Oman : Oman South Korea : Südkorea Yemen : Jemen
Orkney : Orkneyinseln Spain : Spanien Zambia : Sambia
Ostend : Ostende Sparta : Sparta Zanzibar : Sansibar
Pacific : Pazifik Sri Lanka : Sri Lanka Zimbabwe : Simbabwe
Pakistan : Pakistan Sudan : Sudan Zurich : Zürich
Palestine : Palästina Sumatra : Sumatra
Panama : Panama Swabia : Schwaben 3. Turkish
Papua New Guinea : Papua- Sweden : Schweden
Neuguinea Switzerland : Schweiz Africa : Afrika
Paraguay : Paraguay Syria : Syrien Albania : Arnavutluk
Paris : Paris Table Mountain : Tafelberg Algeria : Cezayir
Patagonia : Patagonien Taiwan : Taïwan America : Amerika
Pennsylvania : Pennsylvania Tajikistan : Tadschikistan Asia : Asya
Persian Gulf : Persischer Golf Tangier : Tanger Australia : Avustralya
Peru : Peru Tanzania : Tansania Austria : Avusturya
Philippines : Philippinen Tasmania : Tasmanien Belgium : Belçika
Poland : Polen Thailand : Thaïland Black Sea : Karadeniz
Polynesia : Polynesien Thames : Themse Brazil : Brezilya
Pomerania : Pommern Tiber : Tiber Bulgaria : Bulgaristan
Portugal : Portugal Tibet : Tibet Canada : Kanada
Prague : Prag Tierra del Fuego : Feuerland China : Çin
Prussia : Preußen Togo : Togo Crete : Girit
Puerto Rico : Puerto Rico Tokyo : Tokio Cyprus : Kqbrqs
Punjab : Pandschab Transylvania : Siebenbürgen Denmark : Danimarka
Pyrenees : Pyrenäen Tunis : Tunes Egypt : Mqsqr
Qatar : Katar Tunisia : Tunesien England : jngiltere
Red Sea : Rotes Meer Turkey : Türkei Ethiopia : Habe£istan
Rhine : Rhein Turkmenistan : Turkmenistan Europe : Avrupa
Rhineland : Rheinland Tuscany : Toskana Finland : Finlandiya
Rhodes : Rhodos Tyrol : Tirol France : Fransa
Rocky Mountains : Rocky Tyrrhenian Sea : Tyrrhenisches Georgia : Gürcistan
Mountains Meer Germany : Almanya
Romania : Rumänien Uganda : Uganda Greece : Yunanistan
Rome : Rom Ukraine : Ukraine Hungary : Macaristan
Russia : Russland United Arab Emirates : Vere- Iceland : jzlanda
Rwanda : Ruanda inigte Arabische Emirate India : Hindistan
Names in Finnish; Polish; Welsh 242

Israel : jsrail Rome : Rooma Sweden : Szwecja

Italy : jtalya Russia : Venäjä Switzerland : Szwajcaria
Japan : Japonya Scotland : Skotlanti Texas : Teksas
Lebanon : Lübnan Spain : Espanja Turkey : Turcja
Mediterranean Sea : Akdeniz Sweden : Ruotsi United States : Stany Zjednoc-
Morocco : Fas Switzerland : Sveitsi zone
Norway : Norveç Turkey : Turkki Vienna : Wiedeü
Pacific Ocean : Büyük Okyanus United States : Yhdysvallat Wales : Walia
Palestine : Filistin Warsaw : Warszawa
Poland : Lehistan 5. Polish
Portugal : Portekiz 6 . Welsh
Romania : Romanya Africa : Afryka
Russia : Rusya America : Ameryka Africa : Affrica
Scotland : jskoçya Asia : Azja Alps : Yr Alpau
Spain : jspanya Athens : Ateny America : Yr Amerig
Sweden : jsveç Belgium : Belgia Argentina : Ariannin
Switzerland : jsviçre Brussels : Bruksela Athens : Athen
Syria : Suriye Cairo : Kair Atlantic Ocean : Môr Iwerydd
Turkey : Türkiye Canada : Kanada Australia : Awstralia
United States : Birle£ik Devletler China : Chiny Austria : Awstria
Denmark : Dania Baltic Sea : Môr Llychlyn
4. Finnish Egypt : Egipt Bath : Caerfaddon
England : Anglia Belgium : Gwlad Belg
Africa : Afrikka Europe : Europa Bristol : Bryste
America : Amerikka Finland : Finlandia Bristol Channel : Môr Hafren
Asia : Aasia France : Francja Britain : Prydain
Athens : Ateena Germany : Niemiec Brittany : Llydaw
Austria : Itävalta Greece : Grecja Burgundy : Bwrgwyn
Belgium : Belgia Hungary : Wdgry Cambridge : Caergrawnt
Brazil : Brasilia India : Indie Canterbury : Caergaint
Britain : Britannia Ireland : Irlandia Carlisle : Caerliwelydd
Canada : Kanada Israel : Izrael Chester : Caer
China : Kiina Italy : Wùochy Cornwall : Cernyw
Copenhagen : Köopenhamina Japan : Japonia Danube : Donaw
Cyprus : Kypros Lebanon : Liban Dead Sea : Y Môr Marw
Denmark : Tanska Lisbon : Lisbona Devon : Dyfnaint
Egypt : Egypti London : Londyn Dublin : Dulyn
England : Englanti Madrid : Madryt Edinburgh : Caeredin
Europe : Eurooppa Mediterranean Sea : Morze Egypt : Yr Aifft
Finland : Suomi Śródziemne England : Lloegr
France : Ranska Mexico : Meksyk English Channel : Môr Udd
Germany : Saksa Moscow : Moskwa Europe : Ewrop
Greece : Kreikka Munich : Monachium France : Ffrainc
Hungary : Unkari Newfoundland : Nowa Fundlan- Germany : Yr Almaen
Iceland : Islanti dia Glastonbury : Ynys Afallon
India : Intia New Mexico : Nowy Meksyk Gloucester : Caerloyw
Ireland : Irlanti New Orleans : Nowy Orlean Greece : Groeg
Israel : Israel New York : : Nowy Jork Hebrides : Ynysoedd Heledd
Italy : Italia New Zealand : Nowa Zelandia Hereford : Henffordd
Japan : Japani Nova Scotia : Nowa Szkocja Iceland : Ynys-yr-iâ
Lebanon : Libanon Pacific Ocean : Ocean Spokoyny Ireland : Iwerddon
London : Lontoo Paris : Pary∞ Isle of Man : Ynys Manaw
Mediterranean Sea : Välimeri Pennsylvania : Pensylwania Isle of Wight : Ynys Wyth
Netherlands : Alankomaat Philadelphia : Filadelfia Istanbul : Caergystennin
Norway : Norja Poland : Polska Italy : Yr Eidal
Pacific Ocean : Tyyni Valtameri Red Sea : Morze Czerwone Jerusalem : Caersalem
Palestine : Palestiina Rhine : Ren Jordan : Iorddonen
Poland : Puola Rome : Rzym Kent : Caint
Romania : Romania Spain : Hiszpania Lancashire : Sir Gaerhirfryn
 243 Names of Places in Chinese

Lebanon : Libanus cases, consonants are simply phonetically represents the coun-
Leicester : Caerlŷr omitted, as dInmài for Denmark, try’s native French name.
Leominster : Llanllieni Iijí for Eg ypt. In some instances The transliterations below,
Liverpool : Lerpwyl the name consists of a shortened with parenthetical glosses where
London : Llundain form of the non–Chinese place- appropriate, are printed lower
Ludlow : Llwydlo name, usually that of the ac- case to reflect the original, while
Manchester : Manceinion cented syllable, followed by a diacritics denote the four Chi-
Mediterranean Sea : Y Môr Chinese word. A well-known ex- nese tones: (a) level (I), (b) ris-
Canoldir ample is mfiizhÉu for America, ing (á), (c) falling-rising (Ó), and
Netherlands : Yr Iseldiroedd where mfii is the stressed syllable (d) falling (à).
Newcastle : Castellnewydd of the name followed by Chinese
New York : Efrog Newydd zhÉu, “continent.” By contrast, Accra : IkèlI
Nile : Nil the name of the United States of Addis Ababa : yàdìsq̌yàbèibI
Norway : Norwy America is mfiiguó, with mfii fol- Aden : yàdnngchéng
Orkney Islands : Ynysoedd Erch lowed by guó, “country,” “na- Afghanistan : Ifùhán (Persian
Oswestry : Croesoswallt tion.” Chinese guó is found in stan, “country,” omitted)
Oxford : Rhydychen other names, such as ynngguó for Africa : f`izhÉu (zhÉu, “conti-
Pacific Ocean : Y Môr Tawel England, f Óguó for France (note nent”)
Poland : Gwlad Pŵyl the omitted r.) Other “continent” Alaska : IlIsnjiI
Pyrenees : Pyrenau names on the lines of mfiizhÉu Albania : I’firbIníyà
Red Sea : Y Môr Coch are f`izhÉu for Africa, yàzhÉu for Algeria : I’firjílìyà
Rhine : Rhein Asia, and ÉuzhÉu for Europe. Algiers : I’firjí’fir
Rome : Rhufain The Chinese ideograms used America : mfiizhÉu (zhÉu, “con-
Russia : Rwsia for transliteration purposes usu- tinent”)
Salisbury : Caersallog ally have a meaning of their Amsterdam : ImǔsntèdIn
Scandinavia : Llychlyn own, although this is not under- Angola : Ing`lI
Scotland : Yr Alban stood in the placename. Thus, Ankara : InkÓlI
Severn : Hafren the mfii of America happens to Antarctica : nánjízhÉu (nán,
Shrewsbury : Amwythig mean “beautiful,” and the f`i of “south,” jí, “pole,” zhÉu, “con-
Somerset : Gwlad-yr-haf Africa means “wrong.” In niǔyu`, tinent”)
Spain : Yr Ysbaen the Chinese rendering of New Antarctic Regions : nánjídài
Switzerland : Y Swistir York, niǔ properly means “but- (nán, “south,” jí, “pole,” dài,
Thames : Tafwys ton,” while yu` is “to make an “belt”)
Turkey : Twrci appointment,” and in bIlí, the Arctic Ocean : bfiibnngyáng (bfii,
United States : Yr Unol transliteration of Paris (with l for “north,” bnng, “ice,” yáng,
Dalaethiau r), bI properly means “to hope “ocean”)
West Indies : India’r Gorllewin earnestly,” while lí is “multi- Arctic Regions : bfiijídìdài (bfii,
Winchester : Caer-wynt tude.” If taken literally, some of “north,” jí, “extreme,” dì,
Worcester : Caerwrangon the Chinese meanings are hardly “land,” dài, “belt”)
York : Efrog complimentary. America can be Argentina : Ig`ntíng
literally interpreted as “beautiful Asia : yàzhÉu (zhÉu, “continent”)
7. Chinese continent,” but by the same Asunción : yàsÉngs`n
token Asia could be understood Athens : yÓdiÓn
Most Chinese names of non- as “inferior continent,” since Atlantic Ocean : dàxnyáng (dà,
Chinese places are phonetic ren- Chinese yà means “inferior,” “great,” xn, “west,” yáng,
derings, given here in their ro- “second.” On the other hand, “ocean”)
manized forms. Some are some names are descriptively Australia : àodàlìyà
recognisably close to the origi- meaningful, as for Antarctica, re- Austria : àodìlì
nal, as dákÓ for Dhaka, lìmÓ for ferring to its location at the Baghdad : bIgédá
Lima. Others are approxima- South Pole, or directly translate a Balkan Mountains :
tions, allowing for the particu- generic word, as for the Pacific bI’firgInshIn (shIn, “moun-
larities of the Chinese language. Ocean, with its calm (“pacific”) tains”)
Any name with r, for example, waters. Baltic Sea : bÉluódìhÓi (hÓi, “sea”)
will usually have this letter ren- Certain Chinese names do not Bamako : bImÓk`
dered as l, as InkÓlI for Ankara, transliterate an international Bangkok : màngǔ
luÉmÓ for Rome. This results name but an indigenous one. Bangladesh : mèngjiIlI (Bengali
from the so-called “flied lice” The Chinese name of Korea, for desh, “country,” omitted)
phenomenon, occasioned by the example, represents the Korean Bangui : bInjí
absence of r in Chinese. In other name, while that of Belgium Beirut : bèilǔtè
Names of Places in Chinese 244

Belgium : bq̌lìshí (representing Dhaka : dákÓ Italy : yìdàlì

French Belgique) Dominican Republic : Jakarta : yÓjiIdá
Belgrade : bèi’firgéláidé duÉmq̌níjiI gònghéguó Japan : rìbfin (rì, “sun,” bfin, “ori-
Benghazi : bInjiIxn (gònghéguó, “republic”) gin,” translating the Japanese)
Berlin : bólín Dublin : d¨bÓilín Jordan : yu`dàn
Berne : bó’firní Ecuador : èguIduÉ’fir Kabul : kIbù’fir
Bhutan : bùdIn Egypt : Iijí Kampala : kÓnpàlI
Black Sea : h`ihÓi (h`i, “black,” England : ynngguó (guó, “coun- Karachi : kÓlIqí
hÓi, “sea”) try”) Kashmir : kèshímq̌’fir
Bogotá: bÉg`dà English Channel : ynngjílì hÓixiá Kathmandu : jiIdémÓnd¨
Bolivia : bÉlìwéiyà (hÓixiá, “channel,” from hÓi, Kenya : kfinníyà
Bonn : bÉ’`n “sea,” xiá, “strait”) Khartoum : kItǔmù
Brasília : bIxnlìyà Ethiopia :Iisàiébq̌yà Kigali : jnjiIln
Brazil : bIxn Europe : ÉuzhÉu (zhÉu, “conti- Kinshasa : jnnshIsà
Brazzaville : bùlIcháiwéi’fir nent”) Kolkata (Calcutta) : jiI’firgèdI
Brussels : bùlǔsài’fir (representing Finland : f`nlán Korea : cháoxiIn (representing
French Bruxelles) France : fÓguó (guó, “country”) Korean Chosŏn)
Bucharest : bùjiIlèsntè Gabon : jiIpéng Kuala Lumpur : jílóngpÉ
Budapest : bùdápèisn Gambia: gIngbq̌yà Kuril Islands : qiIndÓo (qiIn,
Buenos Aires : bùyínuòsn àilìsn Ganges : hénghé (hé, “river”) “thousand,” dÓo, “island,”
Bujumbura : bùqióngbùlI Geneva : rìnèiwÓ translating Japanese name,
Bulgaria : bÓojiIlìyà Germany : déyìzhì (representing from chi, “thousand,” shima,
Burundi : bùlóngdí German Deutschland but with- “island”)
Cairo : kIiluó out -land ) Kuwait (country) : k`w`itè
Cambodia: jiÓnpǔzhài Ghana : jiInà Kuwait (city) : k`w`itèchéng
Cameroon : kImàilóng Gibraltar : zhíbùluótuó (chéng, “city”)
Canada : jiInádà Great Britain : dàbùlièdiIn (dà, Lagos: lIgèsn
Canberra : kInpéilI “great”) Laos : lÓowÉ
Caracas : jiIlIjiIsn Greece : xnlà (representing Greek La Paz : lIbIsn
Caucasus : gIojiIsuÔ Hellas) Lebanon : líbInùn
Central African Republic : zhÉng Guatemala : w`idìmÓlI Lhasa : lIsàshì
f`i gònghéguó (zhÉng, “mid- Guinea : jq̌nèiyà Liberia : lìbq̌lq̌yà
dle,” f`i, “Africa,” gònghéguó, Hague, The : hÓiyá (representing Libreville : lìbówéi’fir
“republic,” from gòng “com- French La Haye but without Libya : lìbq̌yà
mon,” hé, “peace,” guó, “coun- La) Lima : lìmÓ
try”) Haiti : hÓidì Lisbon : lq̌snbfin
Chad : zhàdé Havana : hIwÓnà Lomé : luòmfii
Chile : zhìlì Helsinki : hè’firxnnjn London : lúndùn
China : zhÉngguó (zhÉng, “mid- Himalayas : xq̌mÓlIyÓshIn (shIn, Luanda : luó’Indá
dle,” guó, “country”) “mountains”) Lusaka : lúsàkÓ
Colombia : g`lúnbq̌yà Hiroshima : guÓngdÓo (guÓng, Luxembourg : lús`nbÓo
Colombo : k`lúnpÉ “broad,” dÓo, “island,” trans- Madrid : mÓdélq̌
Conakry : k`nàkèlq̌ lating the Japanese) Mali : mÓlq̌
Congo : gIngguÔ Honduras : hóngd¨lIsn Malaysia : mÓláixnyà
Copenhagen : g`bfinhIg`n Hong Kong : xiInggÓng (Hong Malta : mÓ’firtI
Costa Rica : g`sndálíjiI Kong is a corruption of Chi- Managua : mÓnàguI
Crimea : kèlq̌mq̌yà nese xiIng, “fragrant,” gÓng, Manila : mÓnílI
Cuba : gǔbI “harbor”) Mediterranean Sea : dìzhÉnghÓi
Cyprus : sàipǔlùsn Hungary : xiÉngyálì (dì, “land,” zhÉng, “middle,”
Czech Republic: jiékè gònghéguó Iceland : bnngdÓo (bnng, “ice,” hÓi, “sea”)
(gònghéguó, “republic”) dÓo, “island”) Mexico : mòxng`
Dakar : dákI’fir India : yìndù (representing Mexico City : mòxng`chéng
Damascus : dámÓshìg` Hindu) (chéng, “city”)
Danube : duÉnÓohé (representing Indonesia : yìndùníxnyà Mogadishu : mójiIdíshI
German Donau plus hé, Iran : ynlÓng Mongolia : mfinggǔ
“river”) Iraq : ynlIkè Monrovia : mfingluówéiyà
Dar es Salaam : dálèisn sàlImǔ Ireland : àifirlán Montevideo : mfingdéwéidìyà
Delhi : délq̌ Islamabad : ynsnlánbÓo Morocco : móluòg`
Denmark : dInmài Israel : yq̌sèliè Moscow : mòsnk`
 245 Names of Places in Chinese

Mozambique : mòsInbígfii Porto-Novo : bÉduÉnuòfú Tanzania : tÓnsIngníyà

Mumbai (Bombay) : mèngmÓi Portugal : pútÓoyá Tegucigalpa : tègǔxnjiI’firbI
Myanmar (Burma) : miÓndiàn Prague : bùlIgé Tehran : déh`ilán
Nairobi : nèiluóbì Puerto Rico : bÉduÉlígè Tel-Aviv : táilIwéif¨
Nepal: níbó’fir Quito : jnduÉ Thailand : tàiguó (guó, “land”)
Netherlands : hélán (representing Rabat : lIbItè Tibet : xnzàng (xn, “west,” zàng,
Dutch Holland) Reykjavík : léikèyÓwèikè “storehouse”)
New York : niǔyu` Riyadh : lìyÓdé Tiranë : dìlInà
New Zealand : xnnxnlán (xnn, Rome : luÉmÓ Togo : duÉg`
“new”) Russia : éluósn Tokyo : dÉngjnng (dÉng, “east,”
Niamey : níyàmfii Rwanda : lúwàngdá jnng, “capital,” translating the
Nicaragua : níjiIlIguI Sana : sànà Japanese)
Nicosia : ník`xnyà San José : shèngyu`sè Tunis : t¨nísn
Niger : nírì’fir San Juan : shènghú’In Tunisia : t¨nísn
Nigeria : nírìlìyà San Salvador : shèngsà’firwÓduÉ Turkey : tǔ’firqí
Norway : nuów`i Santiago : shèngdìyàg` Uganda : w¨gàndá
Oceania : dàyángzhÉu (dà, Santo Domingo : shèng- Ulan Bator: w¨lánbItuÉ
“great,” yáng, “ocean,” zhÉu, duÉmínggè United States of America :
“continent”) Saudi Arabia : shItè IlIbó mfiiguó (mfii, “America,” guó,
Oslo : àosnlù Senegal : sàinèijiI’fir “country”)
Ottawa : wòtàihuI Seoul : hànchéng (hán, “Han Ural Mountains : w¨lI’fir shIn-
Pacific Ocean : tàipíngyáng (tài, [River],” chéng, “city”) mài (shInmài, “range,” from
“great,” píng, “smooth,” yáng, Siberia : xnbólìyà shIn, “mountain,” mài,
“ocean”) Singapore : xnnjiIpÉ “veins”)
Pakistan : bIjnsntÓn Slovakia : snluòfákè Uruguay : w¨lIgun
Palestine : bIl`sntÓn Sofia : suÔf`iyà Valetta : wÓláitÓ
Panama : bInámÓ Somalia : suÔmÓlq̌ Venezuela : wfiinèiruìlI
Panama Canal : bInámÓ yùnhé South Africa : nánf`i (nán, Vienna : wéiyfinà
(yùnhé, “canal,” from yùn, “south,” f`i, “Africa”) Vientiane : wànxiàng
“transport,” hé, “river”) Spain : xnbInyá (representing Vietnam : yuènán
Panama City : bInámÓchéng Spanish España) Vladivostok : fúlIdíwòsntuÉkè
(chéng, “city”) Sri Lanka : snlq̌ lánkÓ Volga : fú’firjiIhé
Paraguay : bIlIgun Stockholm : sndég`’firmó Warsaw : huIshI
Paris : bIlí Sudan : s¨dIn Washington : huIshèngdùn
Peru : mìlǔ Suez Canal : s¨ynshì yùnhé Wellington : huìlíngdùn
Philippines : ffiilübìn (yùnhé, “canal”) Yangon (Rangoon) : yÓngguIng
Phnom Penh : jnnbiIn Sweden : ruìdiÓn Yaoundé : yÓw`ndé
Port-au-Prince : tàizq̌gÓng (tàizq̌, Switzerland : ruìshì (representing Yemen : yfimén
“crown prince,” from tài, French Suisse) Zambia : zànbq̌yà
“greatest,” zq̌, “son,” gÓng, Syria : xùlìyà
“port”) Taiwan : táiwIn
 Appendix II:
Fictional Names of Places

A number of places, some well known, others less so, appear under alternate names in
works of fiction. The following is a selection, based largely on the sources listed at the end.
Real names with identities and locations are given first, with their fictional names and the
author in whose works they occur. Different names for one and the same place are numbered
for distinction, as the three names for Birmingham, but where such names occur in the works
of a single author, the author’s name appears only once, following the enumeration, as the five
different names for Eastwood, all in the writings of D.H. Lawrence.
Some fictional places, such as Mark Twain’s Pikesville and Pokeville, cannot be precisely or
even partially identified with a real place, so cannot justifiably be included below.
A cross-referenced listing of fictional names to real names follows the main listing.

Abbotsbury (village, southern land) : Kinraddie (Lewis Gras- gland) : Emminster (Thomas
England) : Abbotsea (Thomas sic Gibbon) Hardy)
Hardy) Ashbourne (town, central En- Bedford (town, east central En-
Abingdon (town, southern En- gland) : Oakbourne (George gland) : Eastthorpe (Mark
gland) : Babington (Dorothy Eliot) Rutherford)
Richardson) Asheville (city, North Carolina, Benicia (city, California, south-
Adelboden (town, southwestern eastern United States) : (1) Al- western United States) : San
Switzerland) : Oberland tamont; (2) Libya Hill Spirito (Sinclair Lewis)
(Dorothy Richardson) (Thomas Wolfe) Berau (village, northwestern New
Affpuddle (village, southern En- Astley (village, central England) : Guinea) : Sambir ( Joseph
gland) : East Egdon (Thomas Knebley (George Eliot) Conrad)
Hardy Auburn see 3Auburn in main en- Bere Regis (village, southern En-
Aldershot (town, southern En- tries. gland) : Kingsbere (Thomas
gland) : Quartershot (Thomas Baltimore (city, Maryland, north- Hardy)
Hardy) eastern United States) : Berkshire (county, south central
Alton (town, southern England): Bridgepoint (Gertrude Stein) England) : North Wessex
Galton (Compton Macken- Banbury (town, south central (Thomas Hardy)
zie) England) : Candleford (Flora Birmingham (city, central En-
Ampthill (town, east central En- Thompson) gland) : (1) Birchester (W.H.
gland) : Cowfold (Mark Barnstaple (town, southwestern Mallock); (2) North Brom-
Rutherford) England) : Downstable wich (Francis Brett Young);
Anoka (town, Minnesota, United (Thomas Hardy) (3) Rummidge (David Lodge)
States) : Lake Wobegon (Gar- Basingstoke (town, southern En- Birstall (village, northern En-
rison Keillor) gland) : Stoke-Barehills gland) : Briarfield (Charlotte
Arbroath (town, eastern Scot- (Thomas Hardy) Brontë)
land) : (1) Fairport (Walter Bay Roberts (town, Newfound- Blandford Forum (town, south-
Scott); (2) Redlintie ( J.M. land, eastern Canada) : Peter- ern England) : Shottsford
Barrie) port (R.T.S. Lowell) Forum (Thomas Hardy)
Arbuthnott (village, eastern Scot- Beaminster (town, southern En- Blundeston (village, eastern

246
 247 Real Names : Fictional Names

England) : Blunderstone olina, eastern United States) : England) : Darling ( James An-
(Charles Dickens) Pulpit Hill (Thomas Wolfe) thony Froude)
Boscastle (village, southwestern Charminster (village, southern Dent (town, northwestern En-
England) : Castle Boterel England) : Charmley (Thomas gland) : Millfield (Ivy Comp-
(Thomas Hardy) Hardy) ton-Burnett)
Bournemouth (city, southern En- Chatham (town, southeastern Derby (city, central England) :
gland) : Sandbourne (Thomas England) : (1) Dullborough; Stoniton (George Eliot)
Hardy) (2) Mudfog (Charles Dickens) Derbyshire (county, central En-
Bradenham (village, south central Chilvers Cotton (village, central gland) : Loamshire (George
England) : Hurstley (Benjamin England) : Shepperton Eliot)
Disraeli) (George Eliot) Devon (county, southwestern
Bradford (city, northern En- Chipping Camden (town, south England) : Lower Wessex
gland) : (1) Bruddersford ( J.B. central England) : Northbridge (Thomas Hardy)
Priestley); (2) Stradhoughton (Angela Thirkell) Dewsbury (town, northern En-
(Keith Waterhouse); (3) War- Church Stretton (town, west cen- gland) : Cressley (Stan
ley ( John Braine) tral England) : Shepwardine Barstow)
Bridlington (town, northeastern (Mary Webb) Diss (town, eastern England) :
England) : Bretton (Charlotte Clovelly (village, southwestern Deerbrook (Harriet Mar-
Brontë) England) : (1) Aberalva tineau)
Bridport (town, southern En- (Charles Kingsley); (2) Steep- Dorchester (town, southern En-
gland) : Port-Bredy (Thomas ways (Charles Dickens) gland) : Casterbridge (Thomas
Hardy) Clun (village, west central En- Hardy)
Bromley (town, southeastern En- gland) : Dysgwlfas-on-the- Dorset (county, southern En-
gland) : (1) Boystone (V.S. Wild Moors (Mary Webb) gland) : South Wessex
Pritchett); (2) Bromstead Combray see Illiers-Combray in (Thomas Hardy)
(H.G. Wells) main entries. Dovedale (valley, north central
Brussels (city, central Belgium) : Corfe Castle (village, southern England) : Eagledale (George
Villette (Charlotte Brontë) England) : Corvsgate Castle Eliot)
Bude (town, southwestern En- (Thomas Hardy) Dunbeath (village, northeastern
gland) : Stratleigh (Thomas Cornwall (county, southwestern Scotland) : Dunster (Neil
Hardy) England) : Nether Wessex Gunn)
Bulkington (village, central (Thomas Hardy) Dunster (village, southwestern
England) : Raveloe (George Cortland (city, New York, north- England) : Markton (Thomas
Eliot) eastern United States) : Lycur- Hardy)
Burford (town, south central En- gus (Theodore Dreiser) Eastbourne (town, southeastern
gland) : Wychford (Compton Cossall (village, central England) England) : Westbourne (Susan
Mackenzie) : Cossethay (D.H. Lawrence) Hill)
Burslem (town, central England) Cottisford (village, south central East Chaldon (village, southern
: Bursley (Arnold Bennett) England) : Forflow (Flora England) : Folly Down (T.F.
Cairo (town, Illinois, north cen- Thompson) Powys)
tral United States) : Eden Coventry (city, central England) : Eastwood (town, central En-
(Charles Dickens) (1) Middlemarch (George gland) : (1) Beldover; (2) Best-
Camelford (town, southwestern Eliot); (2) Treby Magna wood; (3) Eberwich; (4) Tev-
England) : Camelton (Thomas (George Eliot) ershall; (5) Woodhouse (D.H.
Hardy) Coyoacán (city, central Mexico) : Lawrence)
Canterbury (city, southeastern Tlacolula (D.H. Lawrence) Eaton Socon (village, eastern En-
England) : (1) Cambry (Russell Cranborne (village, southern En- gland) : Eton Slocomb
Hoban); (2) Tercanbury (W. gland) : Chaseborough (Charles Dickens)
Somerset Maugham) (Thomas Hardy) Ecclefechan (town, southern
Capri (island, southwestern Italy) Cullen (village, northeastern Scotland) : Entepfuhl (Thomas
: (1) Nepenthe (Norman Scotland) : Portlossie (George Carlyle)
Douglas); (2) Sirene (Comp- Macdonald) Ellastone (village, central England)
ton Mackenzie) Cumnor (village, south central : Hayslope (George Eliot)
Cerne Abbas (village, southern England) : Lumsdon (Thomas Ethiopia (country, northeastern
England) : Abbot’s Cernel Hardy) Africa) : (1) Azania; (2) Ish-
(Thomas Hardy) Darlington (town, northeastern maelia (Evelyn Waugh)
Chapala (city, central Mexico) : England) : Stuffington (W.M. Evershot (village, southern En-
Sayula (D.H. Lawrence) Thackeray) gland) : Evershead (Thomas
Chapel Hill (town, North Car- Dartington (village, southwestern Hardy)
Appendix II 248

Exeter (city, southwestern En- southeastern United States) : France) : Combray (Marcel
gland) : (1) Chatteris (W.M. Blackstone (Thomas Wolfe) Proust)
Thackeray); (2) Exonbury Halifax (town, northern En- Irvine (town, west central Scot-
(Thomas Hardy) gland) : Annotsfield (Phyllis land) : Gudetown ( John Galt)
Faroe Islands (northern Atlantic) Bentley) Isle of Portland (peninsula,
: Norlands ( John Buchan) Hampshire (county, southern southern England) : Isle of
Fawley (village, southern En- England) : (1) Barset or Barset- Slingers (Thomas Hardy)
gland) : Marygreen (Thomas shire (Anthony Trollope); (2) Isles of Scilly (southwestern En-
Hardy) Upper Wessex (Thomas gland) : Isles of Lyonesse
Fleet (hamlet, southern England) Hardy) (Thomas Hardy)
: Moonfleet ( J. Meade Hanley (town, central England) : Jamestown (town, Tennessee, east
Falkner) Hanbridge (Arnold Bennett) central United States) : Obed-
Fleetwood (town, northwestern Hannibal (city, Missouri, central stown (Mark Twain)
England) : Sandyshore (Mary United States) : (1) Dawson’s Jersey City (city, New Jersey,
Louisa Molesworth) Landing; (2) St. Petersburg northeastern United States) :
Florida (village, Missouri, central (Mark Twain) Packer City (Francis T. Field)
United States) : Hawkeye Harrisburg (city, Pennsylvania, Juniper Hill (hamlet, south cen-
(Mark Twain) northeastern United States) : tral England) : Lark Rise (Flora
Folkestone (town, southeastern Fort Penn ( John O’Hara) Thompson)
England) : (1) Fork Stoan Harrogate (town, northern En- Katha (town, north central
(Russell Hoban); (2) Pavilion- gland) : Brawton ( James Her- Myanmar) : Kyautada (George
stone (Charles Dickens) riot) Orwell)
Fordington (suburb of Dorch- Hartlepool (town, northeastern Kelmscott (village, south central
ester, southern England) : England) : Cockleton (W.M. England) : Hurstcote
Durnover (Thomas Hardy) Thackeray) (Theodore Watts-Dunton)
Fortuneswell (town, southern Hartshead (village, northern En- Kendal (town, northwestern En-
England) : Street of Wells gland) : Nunnelly (Charlotte gland) : Pencaster ( John Cun-
(Thomas Hardy) Bronte) liffe)
Fowey (town, southwestern En- Hastings (town, southeastern En- Kilbarrack (suburb of Dublin,
gland) : Troy Town (Arthur gland) : Mugsborough (Robert eastern Ireland) : Barrytown
Quiller-Couch) Tressell) (Roddy Doyle)
Frampton (village, southern En- Hathersage (village, north central Kirkby Lonsdale (town, north-
gland) : Scrimpton (Thomas England) : Morton (Charlotte western England) : Lowton
Hardy) Brontë) (Charlotte Brontë)
Fredonia (town, New York, Hazelbury Bryan (village, south- Kirriemuir (town, east central
northeastern United States) : ern England) : Nuttlebury Scotland) : Thrums ( J.M. Bar-
Hadleyburg (Mark Twain) (Thomas Hardy) rie)
Gainsborough (town, east central Henley-on-Thames (town, south Knoxville (city, Tennessee, east
England) : St. Ogg’s (George central England) : (1) Lower central United States) :
Eliot) Binfield (George Orwell); (2) Delisleville (Frances Hodgson
Glasgow (city, south central Thames Lockenden (Patrick Burnett)
Scotland) : Unthank (Alasdair Hamilton) Knutsford (town, northwestern
Gray) Herkimer County (New York, England) : (1) Cranford; (2)
Gloucester (city, western En- northeastern United States) : Hollingford (Elizabeth
gland) : Aldminster ( Joanna Cataraqui County (Theodore Gaskell); (3) Mallingford
Trollope) Dreiser) (Mary Louisa Molesworth)
Gloucestershire (county, western Higham on the Hill (village, cen- Lafayette County (Mississippi,
England) : Rutshire ( Jilly tral England) : Tripplegate southern United States) : Yok-
Cooper) (George Eliot) napatawpha County (William
Grayshott (village, southern En- Holmbury St. Mary (village, Faulkner)
gland) : Heatherley (Flora southeastern England) : Sum- Langar (village, central England)
Thompson) mer Street (E.M. Forster) : Battersby (Samuel Butler)
Great Bookham (village, south- Huddersfield (town, northern Laugharne (village, southern
eastern England) : Highbury England) : Annotsfield (Phyllis Wales) : Llareggub (Dylan
( Jane Austen) Bentley) Thomas)
Great Clacton (town, eastern En- Hugh Town (town, Isles of Scilly, Launceston (town, southwestern
gland) : Millfield (Ivy Comp- southwestern England) : England) : St. Launce’s
ton-Burnett) Giant’s Town (Thomas Hardy) (Thomas Hardy)
Greenville (city, South Carolina, Illiers (town, north central Leek (town, central England) : (1)
 249 Real Names : Fictional Names

Axe; (2) Manefold (Arnold northern United States) : gland) : Trantridge (Thomas
Bennett) Zenith (Sinclair Lewis) Hardy)
Letcombe Bassett (village, south Montacute (village, southwestern Penzance (town, southwestern
central England) : Cresscombe England) : Nevilton ( John England) : Pen-Zephyr
(Thomas Hardy) Cowper Powys) (Thomas Hardy)
Little Easton (village, eastern En- Moorgreen Reservoir (central En- Perth Amboy (city, New Jersey,
gland) : Matchings Easy (H.G. gland) : (1) Nethermere; (2) northeastern United States) :
Wells) Willey Water (D.H. Lawrence) Port Alby (Francis T. Field)
Longton (town, central En- Napoleon (town, Arkansas, south Piddletrenthide (village, southern
gland) : Longshaw (Arnold central United States) : England) : Longpuddle
Bennett) Bricksville (Mark Twain) (Thomas Hardy)
Lykens (town, Pennsylvania, Neuwied (city, western Ger- Poole (town, southern England) :
northeastern United States) : many) : Sarkeld (George Havenpool (Thomas Hardy)
Lyons ( John O’Hara) Meredith) Port Jervis (town, New York,
Lyme Regis (town, southern En- New Brunswick (city, New Jer- northeastern United States) :
gland) : Buddlecombe (Henry sey, northeastern United Whilomville (Stephen Crane)
Handel Richardson) States) : New Boynton (Francis Portofino (village, northwestern
Lytchett Minster (village, south- T. Field) Italy) : Castagneto (“Elizabeth”
ern England) : Flychett Newbury (town, southern En- [Elizabeth von Arnim])
1
(Thomas Hardy) gland) : Kennetbridge Portsmouth (city, southern En-
Maiden Newton (village, south- (Thomas Hardy) gland) : Lymport (George
ern England) : Chalk Newton Newcastle-under-Lyme (town, Meredith)
2
(Thomas Hardy) central England) : Oldcastle Portsmouth (city, New Hamp-
Maidstone (town, southeastern (Arnold Bennett) shire, northeastern United
England) : Muggleton (Charles Newchurch (village, northern States) : Rivermouth (T.B.
Dickens) England) : Goldshaw (Harri- Aldrich)
Manchester (city, north central son Ainsworth) Pottsville (city, Pennsylvania,
England) : (1) Doomington Norbury (village, central En- northeastern United States) :
(Louis Golding); (2) Drum- gland) : Norburne (George (1) Gibbsville ( John O’Hara);
ble; (3) Milton (Elizabeth Eliot) (2) Vermissa (Arthur Conan
Gaskell) Nottingham (city, central En- Doyle)
1
Marion (town, Massachusetts, gland) : (1) Knarborough Preston (town, northwestern En-
northeastern United States) : (D.H. Lawrence); (2) Not- gland) : Coketown (Charles
Marmion (Henry James) twich (Grahame Greene) Dickens)
2
Marion City (village, Missouri, Nuneaton (town, central En- Preston (village, southern En-
central United States) : gland) : Milby (George Eliot) gland) : Creston (Thomas
Goshen (Mark Twain) Oban (town, western Scotland) : Hardy)
Marlborough (town, southern Port (Alan Warner) Puddletown (village, southern
England) : Marlbury (Thomas Ochiltree (village, western Scot- England) : Weatherbury
Hardy) land) : Barbie (George Douglas (Thomas Hardy)
Marnhull (village, southern En- Brown) Ramsgate (town, southeastern
gland) : Marlott (Thomas Ottery St. Mary (town, south- England) : Ram (Russell
Hardy) western England) : Clavering Hoban)
Martin (village, southern En- St. Mary (W.M. Thackeray) Reading (town, south central En-
gland) : Winterbourne Bishop Owermoigne (village, southern gland) : (1) Aldbrickham
(W.H. Hudson) England) : Nether Moynton (Thomas Hardy); (2) Belford
Melbury Osmond (village, (Thomas Hardy) Regis (Mary Russell Mitford)
1
southern England) : Great Oxford (city, south central En- Redruth (town, southwestern
Hintock (Thomas Hardy) gland) : Christminster England) : Redrutin (Thomas
Midhurst (town, southern En- (Thomas Hardy) Hardy)
2
gland) : Wimblehurst (H.G. Oxford (city, Mississippi, south- Ringwood (town, southern En-
Wells) ern United States) : Jefferson gland) : Oozewood (Thomas
Milborne Port (town, southern (William Faulkner) Hardy)
England) : Millpool (Thomas Palmyra (town, Missouri, central Robin Hood’s Bay (village,
Hardy) United States) : Constantino- northeastern England) : Bram-
Milton Abbas (village, southern ple (Mark Twain) blewick (Leo Walmsley)
England) : Middleton Abbey Peebles (town, southern Scot- Rocester (village, central En-
(Thomas Hardy) land) : Priorsford (O. Douglas) gland) : Rosseter (George
Minneapolis (city, Minnesota, Pentridge (village, southern En- Eliot)
Appendix II 250

Rochester (city, southeastern En- Silverdale (village, northwestern England) : Toneborough

gland) : (1) Cloisterham; (2) England) : Abermouth (Eliza- (Thomas Hardy)
Dullborough (Charles Dick- beth Gaskell) Tewkesbury (town, western En-
ens) Silverton (village, southwestern gland) : Nortonbury (Dinah
Roston (village, central England) England) : Silverthorn Craik)
: Broxton (George Eliot) (Thomas Hardy) Theale (village, south central En-
Rye (town, southeastern En- Sint-Truiden (town, east central gland) : Gaymead (Thomas
gland) : Tilling (E.F. Benson) Belgium) : Longres (Aldous Hardy)
St. Ives (town, southwestern En- Huxley) Thirsk (town, northern England)
gland) : Porthkerris Sligo (town, northwestern Ire- : Darrowby ( James Herriot)
(Rosamund Pilcher) land) : Ballah (W.B. Yeats) Tincleton (village, southern En-
St. Juliot (village, southwestern Somerset (county, southwestern gland) : Stickleford (Thomas
England) : Endelstow England) : Outer Wessex Hardy)
(Thomas Hardy) (Thomas Hardy) Tiverton (town, southwestern
Salisbury (city, southern En- Southampton (city, southern En- England) : Tivworthy
gland) : (1) Barchester (An- gland) : Bevishampton (Thomas Hardy)
thony Trollope); (2) Melch- (George Meredith) Tolpuddle (village, southern En-
ester (Thomas Hardy) South Harting (village, southern gland) : Tolchurch (Thomas
Salisbury Plain (plateau, southern England) : Siddermorton Hardy)
England) : Great Plain (H.G. Wells) Tonbridge (town, southeastern
(Thomas Hardy) Southsea (town, southern En- England) : Sawston (E.M.
Sandaig (hamlet, western Scot- gland) : Solentsea (Thomas Forster)
land) : Camusfearna (Gavin Hardy) Torquay (town, southwestern
Maxwell) Southwold (town, eastern En- England) : Tor-upon-Sea
Sandgate (village, southeastern gland) : Hardborough (Pene- (Thomas Hardy)
England) : Bonnycliff lope Fitzgerald) Trent (river, central England) :
(Dorothy Richardson) Staffordshire (county, central En- Floss (George Eliot)
Sandwich (town, southeastern gland) : Stonyshire (George Troy Town (hamlet, southern
England) : Sunwich Port Eliot) England) : Roy-Town
(W.W. Jacobs) Stinsford (village, southern En- (Thomas Hardy)
Sauk Centre (town, Minnesota, gland) : (1) Mellstock; (2) Tol- Truro (town, southwestern En-
northern United States) : (1) lamore (Thomas Hardy) gland) : (1) Polchester (Hugh
Gopher Prairie; (2) Joralemon Stockingford (village, central En- Walpole); (2) Trufal (Thomas
(Sinclair Lewis) gland) : (1) Paddiford; (2) Hardy)
1
Saverton (town, Missouri, central Whittlecombe (George Eliot) Tunstall (town, central England)
United States) : Hookerville Stoke-on-Trent (town, central : Turnhill (Arnold Bennett)
2
(Mark Twain) England) : Knype (Arnold Tunstall (village, northwestern
Shaftesbury (town, southwestern Bennett) England) : Brocklebridge
England) : Shaston (Thomas Stromness (town, northern Scot- (Charlotte Brontë)
Hardy) land) : Hamnavoe (George Turville Heath (village, south-
Sheffield (city, northern England) Mackay Brown) eastern England) : Rapstone
: Hillsborough (Charles Reade) Sturminster Newton (town, ( John Mortimer)
Sherborne (town, southwestern southern England) : Stourcas- Underwood (village, central En-
England) : (1) Ramsgard ( John tle (Thomas Hardy) gland) : Nuttall (D.H.
Cowper Powys); (2) Sherton Sudbury (town, eastern England) Lawrence)
Abbas (Thomas Hardy) : Eatanswill (Charles Dickens) Valencia (city, northern
Shifnal (town, west central En- Swanage (town, southern En- Venezuela) : Sulaco ( Joseph
gland) : Market Blandings gland) : Knollsea (Thomas Conrad)
(P.G. Wodehouse) Hardy) Wakefield (city, northern En-
Shrewsbury (town, west central Syston (village, east central En- gland) : (1) Dunfield (George
England) : Silverton (Mary gland) : Willingham (Walter Gissing); (2) Highfield (David
Webb) Scott) Storey); (3) Mirefields (Morley
Shropham (village, eastern En- Tarbert (village, western Scot- Roberts)
gland) : Dulditch (Mary land) : Brieston ( John Mac- Wantage (town, south central
Mann) Dougall Hay) England) : Alfredston
Sidmouth (town, southwestern Tarrant Hinton (village, southern (Thomas Hardy)
England) : (1) Baymouth England) : Trantridge Wareham (town, southern En-
(W.M. Thackeray); (2) Sandi- (Thomas Hardy) gland) : Anglebury (Thomas
ton ( Jane Austen) Taunton (town, southwestern Hardy)
 251 Fictional Names : Real Names

Weimar (city, southern Ger- Cross References — Camusfearna : Sandaig

many) : (1) Kalbsbraten; (2) Candleford : Banbury
Pumpernickel (W.M. Thack- Fictional Names to Castagneto : Portofino
eray) Real Names Casterbridge : Dorchester
Wells (town, southwestern En- Castle Boterel : Boscastle
gland) : Fountall (Thomas Abbot’s Cernel : Cerne Abbas Cataraqui County : Herkimer
Hardy) Abbotsea : Abbotsbury County
Weston under Lizard (village, Aberalva : Clovelly Chalk Newton : Maiden Newton
west central England) : Bland- Abermouth : Silverdale Charmley : Charminster
ings Parva (P.G. Wodehouse) Aldbrickham : Reading Chaseborough : Cranborne
West Stafford (village, southern Aldminster : Gloucester Chatteris : Exeter
England) : Lew Everard Alfredston : Wantage Christminster : 1Oxford
(Thomas Hardy) Altamont : Asheville Clavering St. Mary : Ottery St.
Weyhill (village, southern En- Anglebury : Wareham Mary
gland) : Weydon Priors Annotsfield : (1) Halifax; Cloisterham : Rochester
(Thomas Hardy) (2) Huddersfield Cockleton : Hartlepool
Weymouth (town, southern En- Axe : Leek Coketown : 1Preston
gland) : (1) Budmouth Regis; Azania : Ethiopia Combray : Illiers
(2) Melport (Thomas Hardy) Babington : Abingdon Constantinople : Palmyra
Whitby (town, northeastern En- Ballah : Sligo Corvsgate Castle : Corfe Castle
gland) : (1) Burnharbour (Leo Barbie : Ochiltree Cossethay : Cossall
Walmsley); (2) Monkshaven Barchester : (1) Salisbury; Cowfold : Ampthill
(Elizabeth Gaskell) (2) Winchester Cranford : Knutsford
Whitstable (town, southeastern Barrytown : Kilbarrack Cresscombe : Letcombe Bassett
England) : Blackstable (W. Barset : (1) Hampshire; (2) Wilt- Cressley : Dewsbury
Somerset Maugham) shire Creston : 2Preston
Wiesbaden (city, western Ger- Barsetshire : (1) Hampshire; Darling : Dartington
many) : Roulettenburg (Fyo- (2) Wiltshire Darrowby : Thirsk
dor Dostoevsky) Battersby : Langar Dawson’s Landing: Hannibal
Willenhall (town, central En- Baymouth : Sidmouth Deerbrook : Diss
gland) : Wodgate (Benjamin Beldover : Eastwood Delisleville : Knoxville
Disraeli) Belford Regis : Reading Doomington : Manchester
Wiltshire (county, southern En- Bestwood : Eastwood Downstable : Barnstaple
gland) : (1) Barset or Barset- Bevishampton : Southampton Drumble : Manchester
shire (Anthony Trollope); (2) Birchester : Birmingham Dulditch : Shropham
Mid Wessex (Thomas Hardy) Blackstable : Whitstable Dullborough : Chatham
Wimborne Minster (town, Blackstone : Greenville Dunfield : Wakefield
southern England) : Warborne Blandings Parva : Weston under Dunster : Dunbeath
(Thomas Hardy) Lizard Durnover : Fordington
Winchester (city, southern En- Blunderstone : Blundeston Dysgwlfas-on-the-Wild-Moors :
gland) : (1) Barchester (An- Bonnycliff : Sandgate Clun
thony Trollope); (2) Hillstone Boystone : Bromley Eagledale : Dovedale
(Florence Marryat); (3) Bramblewick : Robin Hood’s Bay East Egdon : Affpuddle
Thurchester ( Charles Palliser); Brawton : Harrogate Eastthorpe : Bedford
(4) Wintoncester (Thomas Bretton : Bridlington Eatanswill : Sudbury
Hardy) Briarfield : Birstall Eberwich : Eastwood
Wirksworth (town, central En- Bricksville : Napoleon Eden : Cairo
gland) : Snowfield (George Bridgepoint : Baltimore Emminster : Beaminster
Eliot) Brieston : Tarbert Endelstow : St. Juliot
Wool (village, southern England) Brocklebridge : 2Tunstall Entepfuhl : Ecclefechan
: Wellbridge (Thomas Hardy) Bromstead : Bromley Eton Slocomb : Eaton Socon
Wychwood Forest (south central Broxton : Roston Evershead : Evershot
England) : Witch Wood ( John Bruddersford : Bradford Exonbury : Exeter
Buchan) Buddlecombe : Lyme Regis Fairport : Arbroath
Yeovil (town, south western En- Budmouth Regis : Weymouth Floss : Trent
gland) : Ivel (Thomas Hardy) Burnharbour : Whitby Flychett : Lytchett Minster
Zell am Zee (town, west central Bursley : Burslem Folly Down : East Chaldon
Austria) : Kaprun (D.H. Cambry : Canterbury Fordlow : Cottisford
Lawrence) Camelton : Camelford Fork Stoan : Folkestone
Appendix II 252

Fort Penn : Harrisburg Lumsdon : Cumnor Pencaster : Kendal

Fountall : Wells Lycurgus : Cortland Pen-Zephyr : Penzance
Fredonia : Hadleyburg Lymport : 1Portsmouth Peterport : Bay Roberts
Galton : Alton Lyons : Lykens Polchester : Truro
Gaymead : Theale Mallingford : Knutsford Port : Oban
Giant’s Town : Hugh Town Manefold : Leek Port Alby : Perth Amboy
Gibbsville : Pottsville Market Blandings : Shifnal Port-Bredy : Bridport
Goldshaw : Newchurch Markton : Dunster Porth Kerris : St. Ives
Gopher Prairie : Sauk Centre Marlbury : Marlborough Portlossie : Cullen
Goshen : Marion City Marlott : Marnhull Priorsford : Peebles
Great Hintock : Melbury Marmion : Marion Pulpit Hill : Chapel Hill
Osmond Marygreen : Fawley Pumpernickel : Weimar
Great Plain : Salisbury Plain Matchings Easy : Little Easton Quartershot : Aldershot
Gudetown : Irvine Melbury Osmond : Great Hin- Ram : Ramsgate
Hamnavoe : Stromness tock Ramsgard : Sherborne
Hanbridge : Hanley Melchester : Salisbury Rapstone : Turville Heath
Hardborough : Southwold Mellstock : Stinsford Raveloe : Bulkington
Havenpool : Poole Melport : Weymouth Redlintie : Arbroath
Hawkeye : Florida Middlemarch : Coventry Redrutin : Redruth
Hayslope : Ellastone Middleton Abbey : Milton Abbas Rivermouth : 2Portsmouth
Heatherley : Grayshott Mid Wessex : Wiltshire Roulettenburg : Wiesbaden
Highbury : Great Bookham Milby : Nuneaton Roy-Town : Troy Town
Highfield : Wakefield Millfield : (1) Dent; (2) Great Rummidge : Birmingham
Hillsborough : Sheffield Clacton Rutshire : Gloucestershire
Hillstone : Winchester Millpool : Milborne Port St. Launce’s : Launceston
Hollingford : Knutsford Milton : Manchester St. Ogg’s : Gainsborough
Hookerville : Saverton Mirefields : Wakefield St. Petersburg : Hannibal
Hutscote : Kelmscott Monkshaven : Whitby Sambir : Berau
Hurstley : Bradenham Moonfleet : Fleet Sanditon : Sidmouth
Ishmaelia : Ethiopia Morton : Hathersage San Spirito : Benicia
Isle of Slingers : Isle of Portland Mudfog : Chatham Sandbourne : Bournemouth
Isles of Lyonesse : Isles of Scilly Muggleton : Maidstone Sandyshore : Fleetwood
Ivel : Yeovil Mugsborough : Hastings Sarkeld : Neuwied
Jefferson : 2Oxford Nepenthe : Capri Sawston : Tonbridge
Joralemon : Sauk Centre Nethermere : Moorgreen Reser- Sayula : Chapala
Kalbsbraten : Weimar voir Scrimpton : Frampton
Kaprun : Zell am See Nether Moynton : Owermoigne Shaston : Shaftesbury
Kennetbridge : Newbury Nether Wessex : Cornwall Shepperton : Chilvers Cotton
Kingsbere : Bere Regis Nevilton : Montacute Shepwardine : Church Stretton
King’s Hintock : Melbury New Boynton : New Brunswick Sherton Abbas : Sherborne
Osmond Norburne : Norbury Shottsford Forum : Blandford
Knarborough : Nottingham Norlands : Faroe Islands Forum
Knebley : Astley Northbridge : Chipping Camp- Siddermorton : South Harting
Knollsea : Swanage den Silverthorn : Silverton
Knype : Stoke-on-Trent North Bromwich : Birmingham Silverton : Shrewsbury
Kyautada : Katha North Wessex : Berkshire Sirene : Capri
Lake Wobegon : Anoka Nortonbury : Tewkesbury Snowfield : Wirksworth
Lark Rise : Juniper Hill Nottwich : Nottingham Solentsea : Southsea
Lew Everard : West Stafford Nunnelly : Hartshead South Wessex : Dorset
Libya Hill : Asheville Nuttall : Underwood Steepways : Clovelly
Llareggub : Laugharne Nuttlebury : Hazelbury Bryan Stickleford : Tincleton
Loamshire : Derbyshire Oakbourne : Ashbourne Stoke-Barehills : Basingstoke
Longpuddle : Piddletrenthide Obedstown : Jamestown Stoniton : Derby
Longres : Sint-Truiden Oberland : Adelboden Stonyshire : Staffordshire
Longshaw : Longton Oozewood : Ringwood Stourcastle : Sturminster Newton
Lower Binfield : Henley-on- Outer Wessex : Somerset Stradhoughton : Bradford
Thames Packer City : Jersey City Stratleigh : Bude
Lower Wessex : Devon Paddiford : Stockingford Street of Wells : Fortuneswell
Lowton : Kirkby Lonsdale Pavilionstone : Folkestone Stuffington : Darlington
 253 Fictional Names : Sources

Sulaco : Valencia Willey Water : Moorgreen Reser- The Charles Dickens Encyclope-
Summer Street : Holmbury St. voir dia. Ware: Wordsworth Edi-
Mary Willingham : Syston tions, 1992 [1973].
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Thames Lockenden : Henley-on- Witch Wood : Wychwood Hayward, Arthur L. The Dickens
Thames Forest Encyclopædia. London: George
Thrums : Kirriemuir Wodgate : Willenhall Routledge, 1924.
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Tolchurch : Tolpuddle Gadd. A Dickens Dictionary.
Tollamore : Stinsford Sources London: Simpkin Marshall,
Toneborough : Taunton 1928.
Tor-upon-Sea : Torquay Bentley, Nicolas, Michael Slater, Pinion, F.B. A Thomas Hardy
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Trantridge : Tarrant Hinton Index. Oxford: Oxford Uni- Macmillan, 1989.
Treby Magna : Coventry versity Press, 1988. Rasmussen, R. Kent. Mark Twain
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Troy Town : Fowey Atlas of Literature. London: De File, 1955.
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Unthank : Glasgow of Urbanism. Tisbury: Street- London: Routledge, 1993.
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Vermissa : Pottsville Hahn, Daniel, and Nicholas Casterbridge: Thomas Hardy
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