€ lt-rr

Mannø Caldarone
\
is a freelance theatre and radio
drama director who has also been
(
actively involved in actor training
I
since 1985. She is Drama Director
for Crying Out Loud, a production l
company making CDs for actors
entering the voice industry as well ()
as working as an acting coach, and
lecturing regularly on theatre. \
\
Maggie Lloyd-Williams
has acted in a number of plays at
the National Theatre as well as at
the Soho Theatre, the Tiicycle and
Shakespeare's Globe. She has also
appeared in several television series
such as Secret Diory oJ a Call Girl,
Murphy\ Inw, The Více, Red Cap,
Silent Witness and C asualty .

þ'Tenc Kreng
æ
 Eooh
To
Actors'Thesøwas
in Great Brirain in 2004
Lucy McNulty
by Nick Hern Books and
49a Goldhawk Road,
wr2 8QP Elaine Roundacre
in this revised edirion 201I,: 2012

copyright @ 2OO4 TerryJohnson

Lloyd-Williams
to be identified

Design by Ned Hoste, 2H

by Country Setting,
Kent CTl4 BES

and bound in Great Britain

CPI Antony Rowe, Chippenham, Wiltshire

Pritislr. Liþqry Cataloguing Dara for this book

Is avarEble lrom the British Library

ISBN 978 I 85459 674 I

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Foreword
by Terry Johnson ix
Introduction xi
How to Action
the Tëxt xxv
How to Use
The Actòr s' Thes aurus xxiv
Sample Scenes xxvii
Acknowledgements xxxiv

ACTIONS
A-Z I
Emotional Groups
NurtunngWords r47
UsingWords 151
DamagingWords I55

vll
I once met Sinead Cusack at a
I
Christmas parry. The previous year
she'd been offered a job by Max
Sufford-Cla¡k. She'd heard about
t)
the way he works. (Max requires ti
his actors to action each line of text
and to annotate their scrips, sitting I
around a table for two to three
weeks of rehearsal to achieve this.) \\
Sinead had told him,'I'd love ro ()
work with you, but I know how
you work and I have ro say up- tì
front I cant do it and I won't do it.'
l)
Max replied, 'Try it for a week.'
'No.'
'I really want you to play this part.
Give me four days.'

'No.'
'Three days.'

'Absolutely not.'
'Give me two days and if you're not
happy, we'll do it your way'

A big gesture from the immaculate

Max. So finally, consigning the frrst
two days of rehearsal to what she
imagined would be a complete
waste of her time, Sinead agreed to
do the job.
She toldme,'l did it his way for
two days, then rhree days, then a
week. l¡¡o weeks later ïve viere still
at it.' She took a sip of mulled
wine, tasting the memory then in
her gorgeous liquid brogue said,
'How did I ever acr before that?'

rx
I have worked with actors whose foreheads hit
the table at the very mention of an action' I
have worked with actors who energeticaþ
resist the idea that rational thought might be Actions - The Actors' Thesaurus
part of their creative process. But I have helped aims to clarify a wideþ used
l
iransform some young actors by converting
them to a belief in Actioning. More
rehearsal and performance \
technique, known by different
insuuctivel¡ I have worked with many actors names, but here called Actioning. I
(and I inciude in this all the best ones) for
Actioning provides the stimulation for
whom actions are a second language' Not a l{
the actor to directly play each line of
foreign language or an exotic one, but a
technical articulation of the elusively human'
the text and deveþ alternative ways ()
of bringing their character to life. The
A good actor talks about actions like a builder-
deãorato, talks about the nature o[ nails or the
technique encourages performances l)
with accurate and dramadc
colour of paint. Actions can lead an actor from
confusion to clarity, from muddle to
communication between characters. t
magnificence, from the clichéd to the complex' Actioning heightens the actot's (
spontaneity, discouraging him or her
This thesaurus of riches can help the actor
from monotonously and automatically l
develop that language. The final section is a
replicating a tone. Everyone has seen
genuine tool, using which the actor can
productions - panicularþ of I
ãnalyse any one momenù of his character's
journey, define instinctively the basic polarities
Shakespeare's plays - where, if ttrey ()
were completeþ honest, both
äf feeting towards another character, then
select ttre intensity of that feeling, and thus
audience and players alike dont have
\
a clue about what's going on; it's all
arrive at a choice selecdon of appropriate
'sound and furysigni$ring nothìng.'
transidve verbs.
Actioning should keep the actors In
It sounds complex, but so is dancing the salsa, the momend and deterwhat Peter
and that only takes an hour or so to get into Brook calls deadly' acting, where
the musculature. If you want to act' or act nothing is going on, just words being
better, actions will take you a long way on the spoken.
journey to excellence.
If the actor playsa real and specific
TERRY JOHNSON
action on each sentence then, even
though the audience are unlikeþ to be
able to identi$ the tecbnique or the
individual action, the work will be
interesting and absolutely watchable
because of is precision. Actioning
enforces a specificitywhich can
liberate the actot's perlormarrce and
ensure a cohesive integrated character
with each moment leading nanrrally
onto the next.
x1
x
 v

Actioning is a starting point for use in the access their emotions more fieeþ and mainuin
¡eheanal room and for private texnral analpis. the essential but elusive creative state.
It really comes to fruition in performance,
Concennating on Actioning may be many actors'
afiording actors the selfconfidence to deveþ and
way of short-circuiting all elements of the rather
refine their choices contimrously Actioning keeps
more complex and more psychologically dem-
the text alive by ersuring the drama is active and
anding system. Nonetheless, knowledge of key
subject to cot$tant redefinition.
elements of Stanislavski's system is yital before
If a whole company ukes an hour to erçlore the being able to begin yourwork on Actioning.
principle at the start ofrehearsals, a shared
language is established. This
Units and Objectwes
synduonisation can save rehearsal time and
facilitate more efficient communication. Finding an action for a particula¡ moment or
line of text is dependent upon understanding
Stimulation - Spontaneity - Specificity the Stanislavskian concept of units and
Self-confidence - Slmchronisation
objectives (sometimes called episodes and
Actioning is primarily for acrors - for established tasks). In each unit of the text, you must
professionals and beginners alike, for students or decide on your objective (what your characrer
amateur actors, for those with naining and those wants) before defrning the action (how your
without. Actioning can also be usefirl for music character sets out to get it).
theare performers, for actors wrestling with
Begin by breaking the scene up into units, each
audition speeches, for those who have to breathe
containing a single defrned objective.
life into a one-dimensional television or radio
Stanislavski makes a useful analogy in An Actor
commercial, or for those who have been
Prepares. For him, the process of dividing a play
performing a play for months and need to ¡e-
into its component unie is like breaking up a
invigorate their performance.
cooked chicken so that it can be eaten. lf eaten
This book can also be used by academic srudenrs portion by portion, then the whole chicken can
of d¡ama to deconstruct a script for its sub-textual ultimateþ be devoured. Similar\a the scene js
dynamic. broken into its separate þortions' or units in
order to be invesrigated. Each unit has its own
title, which describes what that unit is about,
The Origins of Actioning and each character has his or her own objective
at the hearr of that unit. Like units, which can
Actioning comes from Stanislavski (1863-1939),
be major (whole sections of text) or minor (a
the Russian actor/director/theorist who formulated
single word or short sentence), so the characters'
a revolutionary acting methodologywhich seeks
objectives are major or minor according to how
to enhance psychological depth and emotional
the second-to-second minutiae o[ the scene
truth in performance. His system, still studied and
develops.
practised wideþ around the world, acted as a
caulyst for other approaches to acting, including Sunislavski waûß: You should not lry to express
theAmerican Method. the meaning of your objectives in terms of a
noun. That can be used for a unit but the
ln his work (primarily at the MoscowArt
objective must always be a verb.'Take the word
Theatre), Sunisìarzski pioneered a series of
exercises and rules which would allow actors to þower', for example. Tum it into an objective:
xii * xiii
'I want power.' On its own, this is too general
How to Action the Text
and, therefore, unplayable. Inuoduce something
more definitely active and the objective is better What we say and what we think or mean dont
defined: 'I want to do som¿thing to obuin power.' always correspond. Take the most
The'somethitng! element of the equation heþ straightforward non sequitur; 'Would you like a
you ñnd your action for the unit. The actions are coffee?'You could say thar the speaker's
what you do to obtain what you want; they are objective is simply'I want to offer you a drink'
the uctics you empþ but, more likely there are a whole host of deeper
impulses between the two individuals operating
undemeath the surface. The objective is more
Actioning Today likeþ to be along the lines of 'I want you to be
relaxed', 'I want to show you I'm a caring
The widespread use of Actioning in the pro- person','I want you to stay the night' and so on.
fessional theatre seerns to have developed in
Europe and the US over the last fifty years, a Actioning offers an immediate way of achievng
theory handed down by word of mourh this objective. The action word is a succinct and
i
through generations of actors and directors. Í specifrc transitive verb which describes what your
The principles of Actioning are now taught at ¡:
?¡.
cha¡acter is actually daingto another character. As
many drama schools and conservatoires and, the old saying goes, actions realþ can speak
whilst it cannot be assumed that all actors louder than words.
share the same dramatic language and practise Would you like a cofiee?'could be played in many
the same rehearsal techniques, it is safe to say ways, according to the context of the scene and
that increasing numbers of performers are the characterb objective. Different action words
aware of and use the process. might be vùtce, w ekome, dotr¡nate, Wnffid,
Certainly with many direcrors using Actioning ahnire, fear, dßgrace, manipulate. . . The choice is
as a fundamental rehearsal technique (the virtually limitless * but must always be
eminent British director, Max Stafford-Clark, determined by the character's objective.
famously spends the ñrst few weeks of
rehearsals Actioning the text), it is a process
that every actor should recognise and feel Identi$ing Action Words
comfortable with. kønsitive Verbs
Although the theory of Actioning has been laid An action word must,always be a transitive verb.
down before, this is the frrst rime a rhesaurus
of transitive verbs has been speciñcaþ A transitive or active verb is a verb ('a doing
compiled to facilitate the actor's work and to word) that you can activeþ do to someone
suppon this theory. else. It is always in the present tense and
transitional, expressing an action that carries
over from you (the subject) to the person
you're speaking to (the object).
A useful v¡ay to identify if a verb is rransitive
or not is to place it between the words 'I' and
!ou' and see if the sentence makes sense.

xlv XV
 ffi
fi '¿.
fi .'
fr -:
So, in the case of charm, encoursge and cherish, ì!
Í Every action has a different flavour in the
'l charm you', 'l encourage you',
cherßhyo:u''I s mouth, however similar the word looks on the
all make sense and so those three verbs must È
page or synonymous you might think it is. lt is
i*
be transitive. They each express an action t
{
your job to locate exactly the right word for
between characters and can define the impulse i the moment and then to play it.
i
under each sentence.
An action is not necessarily right or wrong -
t:
instead, it is helpful or unhelpful in fulfilling
.; the objective, enlivening the performance and
kansitiv e Vsrb'Wannabes'
telling the story. An action may or perhaps
i
Some verbs feel and sound as though they should change throughout rehearsal and
ought to be active, but in fact are not and performance. At the early stage of rehearsals, it
cannot be used as actions. They will not ìs better to be instinctive in your choice and
adhere to the 'I do something ro you'principle. then finalise and hone the action later.

For example ,'l interfere with you' is not active

since'with'disrupts the principle. This may
Playing the Action
seem purist, but it will force you to be more
specific, as there are many ways one can Try the action out. Put the words of the text
'interfere with'someone. So, you might choose into your mouth. Drop your action in, speak
to play I dísonentateyou, disruptyou, muddle your line now invested with your action.
yov, upset you, interntpt yot4, írnpede you, Speak the action out loud before continuing
hamper you; all of which are rransitive. with the sentence. This can be done in the first
person ("I tease you: 'Are you the lady of the
When the verb requires a noun, it is not
house?"') or the third person ("Viola teases
transitive. For example, abate needs a noun - Olivia: 'Are you the lady of the house?"').
'l abate your fears'- for the sentence to work.
Similarty, allocate, concede and assign (1 allocate How does it feel? Try some other verbs, play
you a place', 'I concede the argument to you' or'I around a little. Find the verb that feels perfect,
assígrr you the usk ) cannot be action words. the one that makes sense in your heart as well
as in your head for that moment in the scene
and to achieve that objective.
Choosing the Action
Another way to play around with getting used
Look at the text offered ro you. Start by to the system is to speak your line to a couple
clarifying what your character wants: their of friends or colleagues, neutrally, with
objective. Then choose a transitive verb for nothing invested in it. Then drop your action
each sentence which helps the character in, keeping it to yourself. Speak rhe senrence
achieve that objective. again, now invested with the action. Can your
friends locate what acrion you are playing?
So if A says 'Would you like a coffee?' and the
How close are they? Try again. Can you do
objective is to make B so comfortable he stays
anything to make your playing more precise
a bit longer, then A might choose to play'I
and the action clearer? The results of this
beJnañyou' or she could be more seductive
exercise should not be considered a
and play'lbeguile you'as her tactic for
judgement on whether you can acr! Rather, ir
achieving the objective.
is a fun way of experimenting with how many
xvi ø * xvii
 m,
$"
¡ú
-È
ways you can play an action, and how effective Other companies might rouch on the language
those versions are. fi,, of Actioning earþ on, but not explore the play
ã exhaustively by this method, only asking what
Actioning is designed to help your
imagination, not replace it. Stay instinctive,
4:¡; actions are at play when things become stale.
+
stay open, surprise yourself by playing ;:.i
The individual acror might choose ro locare
,i
something that you wouldnt normally play, i their character's actions for themselves when
have fun. When something doesn't work, try j: investigating the script: an emotional
another option until the alchemy is right. The limbering-up before meeting rhe other
ways in which you achieve your objective characters in the rehearsal room. They might
could be as many as the imagination is infrnite. ì not mention to anyone else what their process
You could work in reverse and decide to
is; after all, there are as many rehearsal
processes as actors in the company.
identify your objective only øfter having t

actioned each sentence thoroughly and found Whilst Actioning can be applied by the solo
the most appropriate action worrd. It's up to you. actor in their preparation for playrng a role, it
works best when employed by a whole
The Actioning Mantra company. The text is re-active and works with
(or against) text spoken by other characters.
One thought. One sentence. One breath. One When a company works together to define
action... their actions, there is the opportunity to play
with and explore different actions, pick up
- We choose an action for each whole thought.
ideas from one another and bounce off the
- A whole thought is comprised within a actions of other characters. Intentions,
whole sentence. meanings, possible actions and avenues for
This sentence should be spoken with one your character that might otherwise have been
- missed are revealed when Actioning together.
breath.

And each breath should contain one action. Whilst in life we do not generally know or
- understand people's true actions, objectives
..,One thought. One sentence. One breath. and intentions tor¡/ards us, Actioning affords
One action. us this unique privilege and paves the way to a
more inspired and dynamic performance by all
Actions in the Rehearsal Room actors in the company.

Some companies sit around a table for a large

proponion of retrearsals deciding together what Actioning a Soliloquy
each action for each sentence should be, before
putting any of the play onto is feet. They are But what happens if the actor is not speaking
mapping out the play's journey exploring all the to anyone? What if the actor is working on an
characters journeys en route to the desired desti- audition speech or soliloquy and needs to
nation. They are building up a common interpre- enliven and motivate it?
ution and language, so that during the production Let's look ar rhe ñrst part of probably rhe mosr
run, changes canbe made by the cast to enliven famous soliloquy of all time.
and invigorate what could become staid.

xvüi xIx
Hamlet lnternalising the Actions
by Shakespeare (Act 3 Scene l) Divide the character into his or her own lowe¡
To be, or not to be - that is the question; and higher self, each having a very different
Whether tis nobler in the mind to suffer identity. Then, address the rext and the
The slings and arrows of outrageous fo¡tune, objective to these different aspects of oneself,
Or to uke arms against a sea of troubles, as if talking to a separate person.
And by opposing end them. To die, to sleep,
4)'Tls a consummation
No more; and by a sleep to say we end
Devoutly to be wished. fb die, to sleep;
The heartache and the thousand natural shocks
5) To sleep, perchance to dream. 6) Ay, there's
That flesh is heir to.'Tls a consummation the rub.
Devoutly to be wished. To die, to sleep;
7) For in that sleep of death what dreams may
To sleep, perchance to ù,eam. Ay there's t}re rub.
come
For in that sleep of death what dreams may come
When we have shuffled off this mortal coil
When we have shuffled offthis mortal coil Must give us pause.
Must give us pause.
For example:
4) Directed at his lowest self - the scared,
futernalisíng the Actions childlike boy inside Hamlet - and he might
Try imagrmng the space inhabited with people use the action: to awahen.
from the charactet's life aqd direct each complete
5) Directed at his higher self and he might
thought to those people. This is not literal, it play: to comfort or to console.
is imaginative. Orre imag¡nes directing each
sentence to X so that there is a concrete and 6) Directed to his own collapsed self-esteem
specific impetus and objective on each line. and he might play: to entertqin.

I) To be, or not to be - that is the question; 7) Directed to the moralising philosopher

2) Whether tis nobler in the mind to suffer within, so he might play: to elevate.
The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune, Even if the audience doesnt fuþ understand
Or to take arms against a sea of troubles, every word or thoughr of a complex speech,
And by opposing end them. 3) To die, to sleep, the tonal variety and textural depth provided
No more; and by a sleep to say \Me end by these actions conveys acting which is
The heartache and the thousand natural truthful and specific, rather than phoney and
shocks generalised.
That flesh is heir to.
For example:
l) Addressed to his father (alive or dead) and
he might play the action: to deþ.
2) Addressed to Claudius and he might play
the action: to challenge.

3) Addressed to Ophelia and he might play the

action: to comfort.
xx xxl
 resonate in that one moment. It can make your
acting choices easier to access, more specifrc to
pþ and more [un.
Introduction to the Revised Edition
We have been delighted by the success of The Action Spectrum
Actíons, and inundated with feedback. As a
result, for this revised edition, we have Something else to think about is the Action
removed some of the arguably'unactable' Spectrum: is it possible to play an action on an
actions, and added some new ones. Some of emotional spectrum of I-I00oÁ (or I to 10 if
the added actions are quite colloquial (eg. to you prefer)? There's no need to be too specific;
pígeonhole or to rumble - as in'to find it would be an almost entirely academic
someone out'), but are hopefully usable exercise to distinguish between playing 680,/0

nonetheless. Choosing actions is a subjective as opposed to 72o/o, for instance. But as a^t
process, but the following tools might help measure of stepping up the volume or
you to bring some more speciñcity to your intensity (or vice versa), it can be a useful tool.
choices. Continuing the earlier example, it would
obviously be different if you were playing 'I
wish you would stay' with the action - to
The Qualification implore - at the level of 90% intensiry as
opposed to a level of 40oÁ.
You can make your action,more specific by
'qualifying it with a descriptive term. It defines These additional techniques don'r detract from
'the how of the whøt' by inserting an adverb the essential simplicity of the Actioning
into the action. It's impossible to provide a list process, and should only be used if they're
of these qualifications as the list is as extensive helpful to you and enhance your work.
as your imagination. An¡hing that extends the investþtive process
is all good!
As an example, take the line'I wish you would
stay', and the chosen action: to implore.If your M.C. andM.L.W:,2011
character is ruled by conformity and the desire
to be polite, then you might qualiþ the action
so it becomes: to implore with appropnate
decorum; if you are sarcastic or belittling it
might be: to implore with disdain. Orher
options might be to implore. . . with unbndled
lust... with regret... with commaniing
supenority.. . with joy. . . with fundnmental
comwitment. . . w ith honesty . . . w ith blind rage. . .
with self-nghteousness... The options are
endless.

Finding a qualification is about bringing added

complexity to the action, which enables you ro
explore two tactics and allow two energies to

xxii xxlll
 ' Your first navigational choice is to decide
what your character is trying to do to the other
in the simplest rerrns. There is a choice of three
directions. Is your character NURTURTNG, usrNc,
How to Use The Actors'Thesøurus or DAMAGTNG the other character/s? Make an
This thesaurus is designed to extend the actor's instinctive choice, choose one category and tum
vocabulary when Actioning the text. It is not to the page indicated.
totaþ comprehensive, nor will it choose actions . Each of the original choices will have led
for you, but it should be used to open up your you to three more groups of words. For
imagination and heþ you to refine your choices. example, if you've chosen NunrunrNc words
It is intended t},at the actor navigates his or her you now have to decide whether this
way through the word list by making simple nurturing is lovrNc, ENcouRAGtNG or
choices which logicalþ lead to a final, specific, suppoRrrNc. Suy instinctive. Then once again
accurately defrned transitive verb. turn to the appropriate page. Ifyou've chosen
Each individual actor (and director) will have a usrNc word, this will lead you to rhree other
differing personal approaches to how they use umbrella choices belonging ro rhar word, i.e.
Actioning as a rehearsal and performance one can'use'someone, broadly speaking, in
technique. Some will want to follow the system three different ways: by employing
extensively and use this thesaurus for each DISTURBING words, DECEIVING words, or
individual line of the text. Others will dip in and MANrpur-ArrNc words. And finally, if you've
out of the proc€ss, using it ùhen they want to decided you are using a DAMAGTNc word, then
revitalise a specific objective or when they are the options are subdivided inro
rehearsing a particularþ problematic scene. DIScouRAGtNc words, HARMTNG words, and
DEsrRoyrNG words.
The thesaurus can be used in two ways:
. If, for example, you choose LovrNG, you
will now be looking at a list of 'loving, verbs.
Aþhabetícal Thesaurus The list is in simple alphabetical order. Choose
your word, allow yourself a little poetry Each
If you know what action you are playing to word has its own place in the main
achieve your objective in a given circumstance alphabetical thesaurus. Look the word up. The
but want to try something else, then simply look list of alternatives alongside each word offers
up the verb you are playing in the main further creative options for investigation.
alphabetical thesaurus. You will be offered other
choices ofverbs which are all related. You can Most verbs vary in meaning according to their
then begin a journey of cross-referencing that context. Some of the verbs from the thesaurus
ukes you through hundreds ofpotential choices. will not feature at all amongst the Emotional
Groups, others will repeat themselves in more
than one section. Compiling a deñnitive list is
Emotional Groups impossible. The emotional grouping is a
subjective starring point designed for instant
Ifyou have not decided what action you are access to the subtext and a shoncut into the
playrng, then turn to the Emotional Groups thesaurus. You can create your own emodonal
which follow the alphabetical thesaurus. groupings according to your taste and definition.

xxiv xxv
 my part. (Hearten) Good gentle one, give
me modest assutance, if you be the lady of
the house, that I may proceed in my speech.
Sample Scenes oI-rvlA (Subjugate) Are you a comedian?
In the following examples, the text is offered'clean vIoLA (Sweeten) No, my profound heart.
followed by th¡ee altemative playurgs of that scene, (Stimulate) And yet by the very fangs of
with the different actions oflered in brackes befoÌe malice, I swear I am not that I play. (Tease)
each line of text. Try to ascertain for yourself what Are you the lady of the house?
the objective for each chamcter is, working directly
frrom the specifrc choices made.
ollvrn (Humiliare) If I do not usurp myself,
I am.
You ma¡ of course, come up with a completely
different set o[ choices from rhose suggested
here. The variety of examples should illustrate Another interpretation:
how Actioning is applicable to texts from all olrvrA (Captivate) Whence came you, sir?
dramatic genres.
vrou (Quieten) I can say little more than
I have studied, and that question's out of
my part. (Reproach) Good gentle one, give
5HÁ,KESPEARE/CLASSICAL DRAMA
me modest âssurance, if you be the lady of
Twefth Night the house, that I may proceed in my speech.
by Shakespeare (Act I Scene 5)
olrvrA (Mystify) Are you a comedian?
ot-rvrA Whence came you, sir? vIoLA (Reject) No, my profound heart.
vrolR I can say little more than I have (Estrange) And yet by the very fangs of
studied, and that question's out of my pârt. malice, I swear I am nor that I play.
Good gentle one, give me modest
(Reprimand) Are you the lady of the house?
assurance, ifyou be the lady of the house, olrvrn (Srimulate) If I do nor usurp myself,
that I may proceed in my speech. I am.
oLIVIA Are you are a comedian?
vlole No, my profound heart. And yer by rhe Or:
very fangs of malice, I swear I am not that oI.tvrA (Examine) Whence came you, sir?
I play. Are you the lady of the house?
vrot-A (Appease) I can say little more than
ot-rvrA If I do not usurp myself, I am. I have studied, and that question's out of
my paft. (Caution) Good gentle one, give
So, according to the actors' objectres, one me modest ¿rssurance, if you be the lady of
interpretation could b e: the house, that I may proceed in my speech.

ot-rvrA (Analyse) Whence came you, sir? olrvrA (Malign) Are you a comedian?

vrou (Tantalise) I can say little more than vroI-n (Rebuff) No, my profound heart.
(Mellow) And yet by the very fangs of malice,
I have studied, and that question's out of
xxvi xxyn
 I swear I am not that I play. (Praise) Are One yersion of choices might read:
you the lady of the house? RED qUEEN (Attack) Muddlesl (Reprove)
or.rvrA (Unbalance) If I do not usurp myself, Where have you been?
I am. MUDDLEs (Avoid) Have we met somewhere
before?

PANTOMTMT/COrUenV RED eUEEN (Challenge) You've worked for

me for eight years.
Actioning works with any text, even with the
MUDDLES (Reduce) I thought your face looked
simplest and most formulaic form of writing,
like pantomime. Indeed, the technique is familiar. (Consider) Where have you been?
especially useful for the actor performing a RED eUEEN (Accost) What do you mean,
play without, on frrst appeamnce, depth or where have I been? (Remind) I sent you out
subtext. Actioning can bring precision and two days ago to buy me some nail varnish.
truth to even the most apparentþ banal role. (Abuse) Anyone would think you'd been
to Glasgow and back. (Assault) Where've
The technique also heips to revitalise an actor
you been?
in a long run of a show - Iike a pantomime -
that might be playing three times a day and MUDDLES (Battle) Glasgow and back.
might otherwise grorv sule. The actor can
RED eUEEN (Demoralise) What?
consciously play around with choices made in
the rehearsal room all thosb months ago. MUDDLES (Engage) I can explain...

Snow White md the SevenDwarfs Or:

byJulian Woolford and Marina Caldarone REÞ eUEEN Qudge) Muddlesl (Challenge)
. Where have you
RED euEEN Muddles! Where have you been? been?
MUDDLEs (Congratulate) Have we met
MUDDLES Have we met somewhere before?
somewhere before?
RED euEEN You've worked for me for eight RED eUEEN (Favour) you,ve worked for me
years.
for eight years.
MUDDLES I thought your face looked familiar. MUDDLES (Applaud) I thought your face looked
Where have you been? familiar. (Please) Where have you been?
RED euEEN What do you mean where have RED eUEEN (Flatten) What do you mean,
I been? I sent you out two days ago to buy where have I been? (Coax) I sent you out
me some nail varnish. Anyone would think nvo days ago to buy me some nail vamish.
you'd been to Glasgow and back. Where've (Flatter) Anyone would think youd been to
you been? Glasgow and back. (pet) Where've you been?

MUDDLES Glasgow and back. MUDDLEs (Trump) Glasgow and back.

RED euEEN What? RED eUEEN (Strike) What?

MUDDLES I can explain... MUDDLES (Delight) I can explain...

)añ¡üi ô . xxix
 Or:
ELEANOR Handy. When you fall asleep you
RED eUEEN (Revere) Muddles! (Test) can stretch out.
Wher"
have you been?
RTcHARD Dont laugh at me, cause I'm a fool.
MU-DDLES (Dismiss) Have
we met somewhere
before?
One ínterpretation:
RED eUEEN (Confront) you've
worked for me RTcHARD (Caution) One night only. (Warn)
for eight years.
Wimbledon Theatre. (Discourage) Sunday
MUDDL_Es (Befuddle) I thought
your face looked night. (Dampen) Norman Wisdom.
familiar. (patronise) wt erãnaíe yo; (Discourage) Norman Wisdom.
b";;-
RED QUEEN (Hypnotise)
What do you mean, ELEANoR (Enliven) Lucky Wimbledon.
where have I been? (Beguile) r ,á"t'
yãuìi, RICHARD (Dismiss) One night only.
days ago to buy me some nail
I'o
(Fascinate) Anyone would
vårnish.
ELEANoR (Delight) Might have been a whole
think youd been
to Glasgow and back. (Inflame) íVi week.
you been? "r",u"- RTcHARD (Demotivate) Mr Grimsdale!
MUDDLES (Obliterate) Glasgow ELEANoR (Probe) You got a ticket?
and back.
RED eUEEN (Control) What? RTcHARD (Amuse) I got twelve.
MUDDLEs (Agitate) I can explain... ELEANoR (Top) Handy. (Poke) When you fall
asleep you can stretch out.

RTcHARD (Entertain) Dont laugh at me cause

CONTEMPORARY DRAMA
I'm a fool.
Dead Funny
by TerryJohnson (the opaúng scene oJ the play) Or:
Eleqnor sits motíonless. On the RTcHARD (Awaken) One night only (Arouse)
floor scøttered
loy2and the torso, its organs spilted. R¡chari,
her Wimbledon Theatre. (Stimulate) Sunday
husband, enters. night. (Surprise) Norman Wisdom. (Excite)
Rlc^HARÐ One night only. Wimbledon
Norman Wisdom.
Theatre.
night. Norman Wisdom. Norman ELEANoR (Ftick) Lucþ Wimbledon.
-Sunday
Vy'isdom.
RTcHARD (Accuse) One night only.
ELEANoR Lucky Wimbledon.
ELEANoR (Knoct<¡ Migþt have been a whole week.
RTcHARD One night only.
RTcHARD (Shock) Mr Grimsdale!
ELEANoR Might have been a whole
week.
ELEANoR (Applaud) You got a ticket?
RTcHARD Mr Grimsdale!
RIcHARD (Impress) I got twelve.
ELEANoR you got a ticket?
ELEANoR (Stroke) Handy (Belittle) When you
RTcHARD I got twelve.
fall asleep you can stretch out.
xxx
xxxl
 W

ú
'r.

la
RTcHARD (Slap) Dont laugh at me cause I'm a r,
È
of the audience you are talking to - and let it
fool. I always be an audience of one.
tr
'ì" 'You've never seen anything like this before.
:t
fÏ That's because nothing like this has ever been
Or: ijtl
.Y

¡; built before. So whatever you think shopping

RTcHARD (Beseech) One night only. (Bewitch) centres are like, you'd better think again.
ä
Wimbledon Theatre. (Seduce) Sunday s Silverwater. It's an experience to savour.'
ä
night. (Engross) Norman Wisdom. I
II You might be given some di¡ection; you might
(Fascinate) Norman Wisdom. í:
il. not. Get as much information as you can and
then pþ around. So, ifyou're asked to convey
i!:
ELEANoR (Deflect) Lucky Wimbledon. ü
*
a seductive quality and your objective is to
RICHARD (Arouse) One night only
!ï seduce the listener, you can play:
ELEANoR (Tèase) Might have been a whole ::
ii
week.
1;:1 'l)You've never seen anything like this before.
,.; t3
á 2) That's because norhing like this has ever
x
RTcHARD (Pity) Mr Grimsdale! ø
F
been built before. 3) So whatever you rhink
Iu shopping centres are like, you'd better think
ELEANoR (Torment) You got a ticket?
4
Å
again. 4) Silverwater. 5) It's an experience to
il RTcHARD (Block) I got twelve. savour.'
I
4
ø
ll¡
ll ELEANoR (Patronise) Handy, (Wound) When T.
,! 1) Entice
i
tlt, you fall asleep you can srretch out. t.
2) Lure
Ìl
it 3) Tempt
RTcHARD (Shame) Don't laugh at me cause
,

},
i:l
4) Delight
I'm a fool. ¡.t
;!ì

'ij;,
i11 5) Bribe
'l
All these actions are listed in the thesaurus
RADIO/TV COMMERCIAL VOICE-OVERS i under the word seduce . So, without coming out
:.'. of that word, there are many ways to play
As any actor knows, commercials and voice- h¡
these sentences without being repetitive or
overs form an expanding sector of the job
i' boring. You might equaþ go ro another
market, and a very satisþing, and at times
related word and find other alternatives that
lucrative, sector at that. The casting process
are less obviously seductive. The choice is
for this work is difficult to define and can be
there for you.
a hit-and-miss business; often, for example, :: ,t:
the casting director is looking for a .sound' to ,: :,
sell the product. Since you can't act a ,sound',
it is important to ascertain what is required
from the script you will have been given to
read. You can then acdon rhe text to bring
what can be very artificial to life.
Take this text advertising a shopping centre.
It can be read a number of ways according to
choices made. Always have a very concrete idea

xxxii xxxiii
Thqnks

The authors would like to thank Susan Angei,

Kellie Bright, Emma Burnell, Lisa Carter, Beth
Cordingly, Oliver Cotton, Kevin Francis,
Jon Garside, Peter Guinness, Clifford Milner,
Neil Pearson, Adrian Reed, Mark Scollan,
Wanjiku and Murray Shelmerdine, Max
Stafford-Clark, James Wilson, Julian Woolford
and all their friends and family for thei¡
support and patience.

Achnowledgetnents

The publisher gratefully acknowledges

permission to quote from the following:
DeadFunny by TerryJohnson, published by
Methuen Publishing Limited.

xxxiv

à"
 E
Note Abandon Desert, Discard, Ditch, Drop, Dump,
Forsake, Jilt, Leave, Reject, Relinquish,
' This is a list of transitive verbs primarily for
actors, directors and practitioners. It is not Renounce, Shun, Snub, Surrender
necessarily for academic reference, nor is it Abiluct Capture, Entrap, Kidnap, Pluck,
technically warertight. Language is subjective Seize, Snatch
and there is a certain poetic licence in ihe lists Abet Advocate, Aid, Assist, Back, Boost,
which follow. However, all of the words can be Condone, Encourage, Endorse, Favour,
'played'by actors in performance. Forward, Foster, Further, Goad, Help,
. (lL¡ after an entry indicates where an action Patronise, Promote, Provoke, Second,
works best when played ro more than one Strengthen, Succou¡ Support
person. For example, Assemble, Separate, Abidt Bear, Endure, Obey, Sromach, Suffer,
Unite. Tolerate
l . I, 2, 3 after an enry indicates
where more
Abjure Discard, Renounce
than one meaning can be attributed to that Abolish Annihilate, Destroy, Dismiss,
action. Eradicare, Nullify
'i'
Abndge Condense, Encapsulate
" In a few instances, whilst X = y, it does not Absolye Acquit, Clear, Discharge, Exculpate,
always follow that Y = X. For example,
Conquer is listed an action under the main Exempt, Exonerate, Forgive, Liberate,
entry Butcher, but the reverse does not work Pardon, Purge, Puriþ, Redeem, Release,
sufficiently well. Vindicate
L;

lil'
. Absorb Consume, Digest, Envelop,
I This list is the first of its kind and should
¡ Incorporate, Process
evolve and develop as used. Add any actions
t, that you may feel are missing; suggestions for
Abuse Assaii, Atuck, Berate, Blemish, Brutalise,
I'i Censure, Curse, Damage, Decry Defame,
future editions would be gratefufy received
ij
and should be addressed to the publisher. Deprave, Deprecate, Dþarage, Exploit,
Flarangue, Harm, Hurt, Impair, Impugn,
,-
lr lnjure, lnsult,Jeer, I(nock, Maligr, Malreaq
,l One thought - One sentence
Manhandle, Mar, Misemploy, Misneat,
One breath - One action
.t
Misuse, Molest, Objurgate, Persecure,
I
Pervert, Rebuke, Revile, Ruin, Slander,
Torture, Use, ViIift Vîolate, Wrong
Accelerate Hasten, Hurry, Quicken, Spur,
Stimulate
Accept Acknowledge, Admit, Adopt,
Approve, Condone, Embrace, Espouse,
Permit, Receive, Welcome

3
iliillii

iiillli,ltr¡
Access Reach
lillriiìri Adjuilicate Arbitrate, Judge, Mediate, Referee,
Acclaim Applaud, Approve, Cheer, Umpire
Commend, Exalt, Glorify, Hail, Honour,
iltlliiirl
ll,iril :
Ailjure Command
Laud, Praise, Welcome
i,'l Adjust Acclimatise, Convert
:j Acclimatise Adapt, Adjust, Season Admire Deiþ, Esteem, Honour, Idolise, Laud,
:,,'l
Accommoilate, 7 Adapt, Adjust, Cusromise Praise, Respect, Revere, Venerate
,'j
Accommodate, 2 Contain, Foster, House,
Ailmit Accept, Acknowledge, Adulare,
Lodge, Place, Shelter Embrace, Encompass, Initiate, Involve,
Accommodate,3 Aid, Equip, Favour, Oblige Permit, Recognise, Receive
"i Accompany Attend, Chaperone, Escorr,
Follow, Lead, Tiack
Admanish Advise, Caution, Rebuke,
Reprimand, Reprove, Reproach, Warn
Accost Attack, Confront, Impugn Adopt Accept, Appropriate, Embrace,
Accuse Arraign, Blame, Challenge, Charge, Cite, Espouse, Receive, Welcome
Defame, Denounce, Dþarage, Expose, Adore Admire, Adulate, Cherish, Deiþ,
Impeach, Indict, Incriminate, Prosecute Enshrine, Exalt, Idolise, Revere,
Accustom Acquaint, Condition, Familiarise, Treasure, Venerate, Worship
Habituate, Season Aìlarn Beautify, Bedeck, Crown, Deck,
Achnowledge Accept, Address, Admit, Decorate, Distinguish, Emblazon, Enrich,
Befriend, Greet, Hail, Notice, Receive, Festoon, Grace, Idolise, Ornament
Recognise, Täbute Adulate Admire, Adore, Beatify, Cherish,
Acquaint Accustom, Advise, Appraise, Deify, Enshrine, Exalt, Idolise, Laud,
Befriend, Enlighten, Familiarise, lnform Revere, Treasure, Venerate, Worship
Acquire Attain Adulterate Bastardise, Bowdlerise,
Acquit Absolve, Clear, Deliver, Discharge, Contaminate, Comrpt, D-ebase, Devalue,
Disencumber, Exempt, Exonerate, Dilute, Dirty, Doctor, Pollute, Taint,
Excuse, Forgive, Liberate, Pardon, Weaken
Release, Vindicate Ailvise Acquaint, Admonish, Alert, Appraise,
Actiyøte Animate, Arouse, Awaken, Cue, Apprise, Caution, Counsel, Dissuade,
Deplo¡ Elecni$r, Energise, Enliven, Doctor, Educate, Encourage, Enlighten,
Galvanise, Generate, Impel, lnitiate, Guide, Inform, Instruct, Notify, Prompt,
Inspirit, Insrigate, Invigorate, Mobilise, Tèach, Warn
Motivate, Prompt, Rouse, Stimulate, Stir, Adtocøte Abet, Aid, Approve, Back, Boosr,
Triggeq Viralise, Waken Champion, Encourage, Endorse, Favour,
Adapt Acclimatise, Accommodate, Alter, Forward, Further, Patronise
Amend, Change, Convert, Emend, Affect Afilict, Alter, Change, Disrurb, Influence,
Prepare, Remodel, Shape, Tailor Interest" Modi&, Move, Stir, Sway
Addle Agitate, Befuddle, Conftrse, Distract, Affirm.Approve, Authorise, Ave¡ Back,
Dtzzy Certify, Champion, Confrrm, Endorse,
Address Acknowledge, Approach, Greet, Favour, Ratify, Recommend, Sanction,
Hail, Invoke, Name Support
4 5
AÍtx Anchor, Fix, Pin, Secure, Wedge Alert Advise, Alarm, Awaken, Caution,
Affict Affect, Bedevil, Bother, Curse, Forewarn, Notify, Signal, Warn
Distress, Hurt, Molest, Oppress, Alienate Disillusion, Distance, Embitter,
Persecute, Punish, Tiouble Envenom, Poison, Sour
Affnght Alarm, Frighten, Horrify, Menace, Align Compose,Harmonise
Scare, Shock, Terrify, Terrorise Allay Alleviate, Appease, Assuage, Calm,
Affront Charge, Degrade, Insult, Outrage, Comfort, Disburden, Ease, Lighten,
Provoke, Slander, Slight Lull, Pacify, Placate, Quieten, Relax,
Aggrandise Boost, Dignify, Distend, Elevate, Relieve, Settle, Soothe, Still, Temper,
Ennoble, Exalt, Glorify, Honour, Inflate, Tianquillise
Promote, Raise, Swell, Upgrade Alleviate Allay, Appease, Assuage, Calm,
Aggravøte Annoy, Antagonise, Bait, Bedevil, Comfort, Disburden, Disencumber, Ease,
Bother, Embitter, Enrage, Exacerbate, Help, Lessen, Lighten, Quieten, Relax,
Exasperate, Fret, Frustrate, Harass, Relieve, Remedy, Restore, Soothe, Still,
Hassle, Hector, Hurt, lmpair, Inflame, Sweeten, Tranquillise
Irk, lrriute, Maltreat, Nark, Needle, Allocate Place
Nettle, Pester, Provoke, Rankle, Rile, Allure Arrest, Attract, Beckon, Bewitch,
Tèase, Torment, Vex Captivate, Charm, Coax, Decoy, Delight,
Aggneve Displease, Hurt Enamour, Enchant, Engage, Entice,
Agitate Addle, Alarm, Arol¡se, Churn, Fascinate, Induce, lnveigle, Lure,
Confuse, Derange, Disconcert, Distress, Persuade, Seduce, Tempt, Win
Disturb, Disquiet, Dizzy, F an, F aze, Ally Befriend, Join
Fluster, Fret, Generate, Harass, Hassle, Alter Adapt, Affect, Amend, Change,
lmpel, lncite, Inflame, Jumble, Panic, Convert, Modify, Reform, Remodel,
Perturb, Press, Rattle, Rouse, Ruffle, Reshape, Transform, Türn
Shake, Shock, Startle, Stimulate, Stir, Amaze Astonish, Astound, Baffle, Bewilder,
Tiouble, Unnerve, Unsettle, Upset, Vex, Confound, Daze, Dazzlq Dumbfound,
Worr)'' Electrify, Flabbergast, Floor, lmpress,
Aid Abet, Accommodate, Advocate, Assist, Jolt, Mystify, Shock, Stagger, Surtle,
Back, Befriend, Bolster, Boost, Comfort, Stimulate, Stir, Stun, Stupef¡ Surprise
Cultivate, Ease, Encourage, Favour, ì,1
Ambush Endanger, Ensnare, Surprise, Trap
Forward, Foster, Further, Help, Improve, Amffid Alter, Better, Change, Correct,
Nurse, Refresh, Relieve, Remedy Restore, Emend, Fix, Improve, Mend, Modify,
Reyive, Save, Serve, Strengthen, Succour, ,1 Reform
Support, fèach, Tütor Amputdte Axe, Cut, Remove, Sever
Alarm Affright, Agitate, Alert, Distress, Amuse Beguile, Charm, Cheer, Delight,
Disturb, Frighten, Horriþ, Menace, Enliven, Entertain, Gladden, Gratify,
Panic, Perturb, Petrify, Scare, Signal, Humour, Please, Regale, Tickle
Startle, Terrify, Tèrrorise, Threaten, Anaesthetße Deactivate, Deaden, Dull,
Unnewe, Warn Numb, Paralyse, Petriþ

6 7
Anølyse Assess, Appraise, Consider, Criticise, Allay, Alleviate, Assuage, Calm,
Deconstruct, Dissect, Estimate, Evaluate, Comfort, Conciliate, Content,
Examine, Investigate, Judge, Scrutinise, Disburden, Ease, Hush, Indulge, Mollify,
Study Paciþ, Placare, Propitiate, Quieten,
Anathematis¿ Curse, Damn, Deactivate, Reconcile, Relax, Relieve, Satisfu, Soothe,
Deaden, Denounce Still, Sweeten, Tianquillise
Anchor Affix, Fix, Root, Secure, Subilise Appbuà Acclaim, Approve, Cheer,
Animøte Activate, Arouse, Awaken, Boost, Commend, Congratulate, Encourage,
Brighten, Cheer, Elate, Electriff, Elevate, Extol, Glorify, Hail, Honour, Laud,
Embolden, Encourage, Enliven, Energise, Praise, Welcome
Excite, Exhilarate, Fire, Galvanise, Appoint Assign, Authorise, Commission,
Hearten, Impel, Incite, lnflame, Inspire, Delegate, Designate, Elect, Employ,
Inspirit, Invigorate, Mobilise, Motivare, Engage, Enlist, Enrol, Nominate, Ordain,
Move, Nerve, Raise, Raþ Revive, Rouse, Pick, Select
Shock, Spark, Spur, Stimulate, Thrill, Apprøise Acquaint, Advise, Analyse, Assess,
Urge, Uplift, Vitalise, Vivify, Waken, Audition, Criticise, Estimate, Evaluate,
Warm Gauge, Judge, Measure, Tëst, Try, Value,
Annihilare Abolish, Cancel, Demolish, Vet
Destroy, Eliminate, Eradicate, Excise, Apprehnd, I Arrest, Stop
Execute, Expunge, Exterminate, Extin- Apprehend,2 Consider, Recognise
guish, Extþate, Finish, KiIl, Massacre, Apprise Advise, Counsel, Edif¡ Educate,
Murder, Negare, Nullifu, Obliterate, Raze, Enlighten, Inform, lnsrruct, Teach,
Slaughter, Slay, Tèrminate ïutor
Annoy Aggravate, Antagonise, Badger, Bait, Approach Address, Broach, Greet
Bedevil, Bother, Bug, Displease, Distress, Appropriate Adopt, Claim, Conquer, Devour,
Disturb, Exasperate, Fret, Goad, Harass, Filch, Hog, Misuse, Own, plunder,
Harry', Hassle, Hinder, lrk, Irritate, Purloin, Reclaim, Requisition, Steal
Madden, Nag, Nark, Needle, Nettle, Approve Accept, Acclaim, Advocate, Affirm,
Niggle, Peeve, Pester, Plague, Provoke, Applaud, Authorise, Champion,
Rattle, Rile, Ruflle, Trouble, Vex, Weary Commend, Condone, Confirm, Endorse,
Worry Favour, Permit, Rati$r, Sanction
Anoint Bless, Consecrate, Hallow, Ordain, Arbitrate Adjudicate, Judge, Mediate,
Sanctify Referee, Umpire
Antagontse Aggravate, Annoy, Exasperate, Arm Brace, Defend, Empower, Equip,
Harass, Hassle, lncense, Insult, Irk, Interest, Prepare, Prime, protect,
Irritate, Nark, Outrage, Provoke, Repel Strengthen
Ape Cop¡ Echo, Imitate, Mirror, Parrot, Arouse Activate, Agitate, Animate, Awaken,
Reflect Encourage, Energise, Enkindle, Enliven,
Appall Disgust, Dismay, Frighten, Horrify, Excite, Fan, Fire, Galvanise, Generate,
Scandalise, Shock, Sicken Goad, lmpassion, Incite, Inflame, lnspire,

I ø*9
 Interest, Intoxicate, Intrigue, Invigorate, Assure Convince, Embolden, Encourage,
Kindle, Move, Prod, Provoke, Revive, Hea¡ten, Inspirit, Persuade, Reassure, \
Rouse, Spark, Spur, Stimulate, Stir, Thrill, Secure, Settle, Stabilise, Warrant
Titillate, Vitalise, Viviff, Waken,'Warm Asúonish Amaze, Astound, Bewilder,
Anmgn Accuse, Blame, Charge, Denounce, Confound, Daze, Dazzle. Dumbfound,
Indict Electrify, Excite, Flabbergast, Floor, Jolt,
Awest,l Allure, Assail, Captivate, Charm, Mystifr, Shock, Stagge¡ Startle,
Enamour, Enchant, Engage, Engross, Stimulate, Stun, Stupefy, Surprise
Engulf, Fascinate, Impress Astounil Amaze, Astonish, Baffle, Bewilder,
Arrest,2 Apprehend, Block, Capture, Catch, Confound, Daze, Dumbfound,
Convict, Hold, Nab, Nail, Nick, Flabbergast, Floor, Shock, Stagger, Stir,
Obstruct, Restrain, Seize, Suppress Strike, Stun, Stupeþ, Surprise
Arrest 3 Apprehend, Freeze, Halt, Attøch Abuse, Accost, Assail, Assault, Battle,
Immobilise, Numb, Paralyse, Stop, Stun Berate, Blast, Bombard, Box, Censure,
Assøil Abuse, Arrest, Assault, Attack, Challenge, Charge, Combat, Criticise,
Bombard, Charge, lmpugn, lnvade, Pelt, Denounce, Dispraise, Fight, Hawk,
Permeate, Torment Impugn, Indict, lnfest, lnvade, Knock,
Assault Assail, Attack, Batter, Bombard, Box, Lash, Malign, Maul, Mug, Persecute,
Bruise, Challenge, Charge, Combat, Raid, Ram, Savage, Slander, Storm,
Damage, Debauch, Fight, Harm, Hit, Strike, Tackle, Vilify
Impugn, Invade, Mob, Molest, Mug, Attain Acquire, Procure, Reach, Secure, Win
Punch, Raid, Rape, Savage, Storm, Strike, Attend. Accompany, Chaperone, Escort,
Violate Serve, Usher
Assemble (PL) Congregate, Raþ Attire Clothe, Dress
Ass¿ss Analyse,Appraise,Audition, Attract Allure, Beckon, Bewirch, Captivate,
Calculate, Criticise, Estimate, Evaluate, Charm, Delight, Enamour, Enchant,
Gauge, Judge, Measure, Tèst, Value Endear, Engage, Entice, Fascinate,
,{ssÍgn Appoint, Authorise, Consign, Impress, Induce, lntrigue, Invite, Lure,
Delegate, Nominate Magnetise, Pull, Rivet, Seduce, Têmpt,
Assist Abet, Aid, Back, Bolster, Cultivate, Titillate, Win
Encourage, Expedite, Favour, Forward, Auction Prostitute, Sell
Further, Help, Improve, Nurse, Promote, Audition Appraise, Assess, Test
Relieve, Restore, Save, Second, Serve, Augment Bolster, Boost, Elevate, Encourage,
Spur, Strengthen, Succour, Support, Enlarge, Feed, Fuel, Heighten, Inflare,
Sustain, Tutor Reinforce, Strengthen, Susuin, Swell
Assuage Alþ Alleviate, Appease, Calm, Authorise Affirm, Approve, Back,
Comfort, Console, Cradle, Disburden, Commission, Conûrm, Delegate,
Ease, Lighten, Lull, Mollify, Pacify, Empower, Enable, Endorse, Entitle,
Placate, Quieten, Relax, Relieve, Satisfy, Favour, Legitimise, License, Permit,
Soothe, Still, Tèmpe¡ Tïanquillise Qualify, Ratify, Sanction, Support, Warranr

t0 it
l

Avenge Punish
Ayer Affrrm, Back, Favour, Recommend,
Support
jtr
Avert Deflect, Divert, Parry
Avoid Deflect, Disregard, Dodge, Elude, Baßh Abet, Advocate, Affirm, Aid, Assist,
Escape, Evade, Neglect, Ostracise, Parry, Authorise, Aver, Champion, Commend,
I Shirk, Shun, Sidestep Condone, Confi.rm, Cultivate, Encourage,
Awahen Activate, Alert, Animate, Arouse,
:

Endorse, Espouse, Favour, Help,

Enkindle, Enliven, Excite, Fire, Promote, Ratift Recommend, Sancrion,
Galvanise, Generate, lgnite, lncite, Second, Sponsor, Succour, Support,
Inflame, Inspire, Kindle, Provoke, Sustain, Uphold, Warrant
Revive, Rouse, Sober, Spur, Stimulate, Badger Annoy, Besiege, Bug, Bully, Disturb,
Stir, Vitalise, Vivify, Waken Fret, Goad, Ha¡ass, Harry, Hassle, Heckle,
Award Bequeath, Bestow, Endow, Enrich, Hector, Hound, Nag, Persecute, Pester,
Furnish, Grant, Honour, Prize, Reward, Plague, Taunt, Tease, Tiouble, Torment,
will Vex, Worry
Axe Amputate, Chop BafJle Amaze, Bamboozle, Befuddle,
Bewilder, Confuse, Confound, Daze,
Disconcert, Dumbfound, Elude, Faze,
Floor, Flummox, Foil, Forestall,
Frustrate, Mysti$, Outwit, Perplex,
Puzzle, Stump
Bait Aggravate, Annoy, Bother, Deco¡ Entrap,
Harass, Hassle, Heckle, Hound, lrritate,
Irk,Jeer, Lure, Nark, Needle, Persecute,
Pester, Provoke, Taunt, Tèase, Torment
Bølance Counteract,Equalise, Ground,
Level, Regulare, Settle, Stabilise, Steady
ßømboozle BafÏle, Confound, Confuse,
Deceive, Defraud, Delude, Dupe, Entrap,
Fool, Gull, Hoax, Hoodwink, Mystifu,
Puzzle, Skin, Swindle, Täck
Bøn Bar, Banish, Block, Boycott, Censor,
Debar, Disallow, Disqualify, Exclude,
Forbid, Hamper, Impede, Indict, Interdict,
Outlaq Prohibit, Restrict, Stop, Suppress
Bøng Bash, Bat, Beat, Belt, Bump, Bursr,
Clobber, Cuff, Hammer, Hit, Knock,
Pound, Pummel, Slam, Slap, Smack,
Spank, Strike, Thump, Thwack, Whack

12 ø.- 13
Barúsh Ban, Boycott, Dismiss, Dþlace, Beatífy Adulate, Deifr, Exalt, Idolise,
Dispossess, Eject, Eliminate, Eradicate, Immorulise, Revere, Sanctify, Venerate,
Exclude, Exile, E>ipel, Fire, Inte¡dict, Oust, Worship
Outlaw, Ostracise, Reject" Sack, Spurn Beautify Adorn, Bedeck, Better, Deck,
Baptise Cleanse, Name Decorate, Enrich, Festoon, Grace,
Bar Ban, Barricade, Block, Boycott, Disallow, Improve, Ornament
Exclude, Forbid, Hamper, Hinder, Bechon Allure, Attract, Bid, Call, Draw, Entice,
lmpede, Interdict, Obstruct, Prohibit, Invite, Lure, Pull, Signal, Summon
Restrict, Stop Bedech Adorn, Beautify, Deck, Decorate,
Banicade Bar, Fortify, Obstruct, Protect, Enrich, Festoon, Ornament
Secure Beilevil Afflict, Aggravate, Annoy, Confound,
Bash Bang, Batter, Beat, Hit, Punch, Slam Distress, Frustrate, Harass, Harry, Hassle,
Bastardise Adulterate, Bowdlerise, Cormpt lrk, lrritate, Pesrer, Plague, Trouble, Vex,
Bat Bang, Hit, Punch, Rap, Slug, Smack, Worry
Strike, Swat, Thump, Wallop Beþul Poison, Pollute
Batter Assault, Bash, Beat, Bombard, Break, Beþienit Acknowledge, Acquainr, Aid, Alty,
Bruise, Clobber, Cuff, Crush, Dash, Commend, Encourage, Favou¡ Help,
Demolish, Destroy, Hammer, Hit, Hurt, Patronise, Support, Uphold
Injure, I¿sh, Maul, Pelt, Pound, Pummel, Befuddle Addle, Battle, Bewilder, Cloud,
Ruin, Shatter, Slug, Smash, Smite, Sock, Confound, Confuse, Disorientate,
Strike, Thrash, Thump, Thwack, Trash, Dumbfound, Jumble, Muddle, Mystify,
Wallop, Whack Perplex, Puzzle, Stump
Battle Assault, Atuck, Befuddle, Box, Beg Beseech, Enrrear, Implore, Importune,
Challenge, Combat, Confront, Fight, Hit Parry, Solicit
Beør,7 Carry, Convey, Harbour, Shoulder, Beget Generate, Incite, Provoke
Support, Sustain, Transport Beguile Amuse, Belittle, Bewitch, Cajole,
Bear,2 Abide, Endure, Stand, Stomach, Captivate, Charm, Cheat, Coax, Con,
Suffer, Support, Tolerate Court, Deceive, Defraud, Delight, Dupe,
Beat, 7 Bang Bast¡ Baner, Bek" Br€ah Bruise, Enamour, Enchant, Engage, Enrapture,
Cane, Chastise, Chin, Clobber, Clout, Enthrall, Entice, Entrance, Fascinate,
Crnquer, Gust¡ Cudgel, Cuff, Deck, Defeat" Flatteq Fool, Hoodwink, Hypnotise,
Demolish, Flagellate, Flail" Flog, Ftooa Induce, Inveigle, Kid, Lure, Mesmerise,
nammer, Hig Itrocþ t¡sh, Maul" Pelq Pound, Mislead, Seduce, Spellbind, Ttick
Pulverise, Pummd, Punch Quash, Scourge, Behold Conjure
Shake, Slap, Slug Smacþ Sock, Spank, Stap, Belittle Beguile, Cheapen, Decry Demean,
Snike, Swipe, Tãn, Thump, Thwadq Thrash, Discredit, Dispraise, Humiliate, Knock,
Trample, Wallop, Whacþ Whip Patronise
Beøt,2 Better, Defeat, Outdo, Outstrip, Belt Bang, Bear, Clobber, Cuff, Flog,
Outwit, Overwhelm, Surpass, Tiounce, Hammer, Hit, Slug, Smite, Sock, Strip,
Vanquish Wallop, Whack

v q.. 15
Bemuse Bewilder, Confuse, Daze, Distract, Bind,l (PL) Betroth, Cement, Chain,
Flummox, Fuddle, Muddle, perplex, Commit, Engage, Fetter, Fix, Restrain,
Preoccupy, Stun, Stupefy Restrict, Secure, Shackle, Tie
Bend Break, Contort, Distort, pervert, Twist, Bind" 2 Captivate, Charm, Endear, Engage
Warp Bind" 3
Chain, Confine, Constrain,
Benumb Daze, Deactivate, Deaden, Encumber, Enslave, Fetter, Fix, Hold,
Inactivate, Paraþe Pinion, Subjugate, Yoke
Bequeath Award ßirch Cane, Flagellate, Flog, Strap, Tan,
Berate Abuse, Attack, Castigate, Censure, Whip
Chastise, Denigrate, Denounce, Impugn, Bisect Divide, Split, Sunder
Knock, Lambast, Rebuke, Reprehend, Bite Champ, Chew, Clamp, Crunch, Cut,
Reprimand, Reproach, Scold, Vilify Gnaw, Nip, Tèar, Wound
Bereave Afflict, Deprive, Dispossess Blachen Damn, Decry Defame, Defile,
Beseech Beg, Entreat, Implore, Solicit Denigrate, Dishonour, Impugn, Malign,
Besiege Badger, Block, Bother, Confine, Slander, Smear, Smirch, Stain, Taint,
Encircle, Encompass, Harass, Harry, Tarnish, Traduce, Vilify
Hassle, Hound, Nag, Pester, plague, Sap, Blachmail Bribe, Coerce, Compel, Fleece,
Swamp, Surround Intimidate, Tèrrorise, Threaten
Besmeør Contaminate, Defrle, Dirty, Foul, Blame Accuse, Arraign, Censure, Charge,
Pollute, Smear, Soil, Stain, Taint Condemn, Criticise, Disparage, Impeach,
Bestir Rouse, Wake Incriminate, Indict, Reprehend,
Bestow Award Reproach
Betray Deceive, Desert, Discard, Forsake, Jilt, Blast Attack, Castigate, Censure, Criticise,
Reject Cuss, Demolish, Decry Destroy, Fire,
Betroth Bind, Commit, Engage Flay, Impugn, Shatter
Better, I
Amend, Beautify, Cultivate, Dignify, Blazon Decorate,Honour
Improve, Mend, Reform, Sophisticate Blemish Abuse, Comrpt, Damage, Deface,
Better,2 Beat, Defeat, Outdo, Outsmart, Impair, Mar, Scar, Taint, Vandalise
Outstrip, Surpass, Top Bless Anoint, Consecrate, Glorify, Hallow,
Bewilder Amaze, Astonish, Astound, Baffle, Praise, Sanctify, Thank
Befuddle, Bemuse, Confuse, Confound, Blight Conraminate, Impair, lnfect, Ma¡
Daze, F aze, Floor, Flummox, Mystify, Taint
Perplex, Puzzle, Shock, Stump, Stun, Blind Bluff, Daze, Dazzle, Deceive, Disrracr
Stupefy, Surprise Bloch Arrest, Ban, Bar, Capture, Confound,
Bætitch Allure, Attract, Beguile, Caprivate, Confront, Curb, Delay, Deter, Elude,
Catch, Charm, Curse, Delight, EnamouE Forestall, Frustrate, Gag, Halt, Hamper,
Enchant, Enrapture, Enthrall, Entrance, Handicap, Hinder, Impede, Inhibit,
Fascinate, Hypnotise, Mesmerise, Intercept, Interdict, Obstruct, prohibit,
Spellbind, Tïansporr Proscribe, Restrain, Restrict, Stop,
Bid Beckon, Command Stump, Thwart

l6 t7
ilj
ii,
Bluìlgeon Cudgel, Destroy, Flog, l-ambast, Brainwash Indoctrinate
ïi
üil
Thrash Brand Burn, Grade, Mark
Bluff Blind, Deceive, Defraud, Delude, Fool, Breah, I Batter, Beat, Bend, Burst, Bust, Crack,
üt
Hoax, Misguide, Mislead Cripple, Crumble, Crush, Damage, Defeat,
il
'l Bolster Aid, Assist, Augment, Boost, Brace, Demolish, Destroy, Disable, Disunite,
Encourage, Feed, Fuel, Nurture, Fracture, Fragment, Harm, lmpoverish,
Reassure, Reinforce, Strengthen, Support, lncapacitate, Injure, Pulverise, Reduce,
Sustain Seve¡ Shatter, Smash, Snap, Splinter, Split,
Bombard Assail, Assault, Attack, Batte¡ Srike,Tèar, Warp, Wound
Besiege, Blast, Harass, Hound, Pelt, Pester Breah,2 Demoralise, Dispirit, Enervare,
Bond (PL) Bind, Cement, Fix, Fuse, Glue, Enfeeble, Subdue, Weaken
Paste Bribe Blackmail, Comrpt, Induce, Seduce,
Boost Abet, Advocate, Aggrandise, Aid, Tèmpt
Animate, Augment, Bolster, Brighten, Brief Inform, Prepare, Prime
Cheer, Compliment, Distend, Elate, Brighten Animate, Boost, Cheer, Elate,
Elevate, Encourage, Enhance, Exalt, Elevate, Enliven, Excite, Exhilarate,
Excite, Exhilarate, Expand, Favour, Gladden, Hearten, Ignite, Inspire,
Forward, Foster, Further, Hearten, Inspirit, lnvigorate, Raise, Rouse,
Heighten, Help, Improve, Inflate, Stimulare, Uplift, Vitalise
Intensify, Invigorate, Lift, Nourish, Broach, I Approach, Tackle
Nurse, Promote, Raise, Reinforce, Broach,2 Penetrate, Pierce
Reward, Rouse, Spur, Stimulate, Browbeøt Bully, Chide, Criticise, Harass,
Strengthen, Support, Swell, Toughen, Hector, Henpeck, Nag, Pester, Scold,
Uplift, Urge Torment
Boot Eject, Kick Bruise Assault, Batter, Beat, Crush, Damage,
Bother Afflict, Aggravate, Annoy, Bait, lnjure, lnsuh, Offend, Pulverise, Wbund
Besiege, Bug, Burden, Concern, Distract, Brush Buff, Caress, Groom, Kiss, Sroke, Touch
Distress, Disturb, Faze, Fluster, Fret, Brutølise Abuse, Buþ Bulldoze, lnrimidare,
Fuss, Harass, Hassle, Inconvenience, Mistreat, P¡essurise
Perturb, Pester, Tèase, Tiouble, Unsettle, Buff Brush, Rub
Upset, WorÐ' Bug Anno¡ Badger, Bother, Fret, Harry,
Bowdlerße Adulterate, Bastardise, Comrpt Hassle, Plague, Torment, Vex
Box, 1
Assault, Attack, Battle, Challenge, Bulliloze Brutalise, Bully, Demolish, Flatten,
Clobber, Cuff, Fight, Hit, Sock, Whack Pressurise, Raze, Squash
Box,Z Bind, Corner, Constrain, Pigeonhole, Bulþ Badger, Browbeat, Bruulise, Bulldoze,
Trap Chide, Frighten, Harass, Hector,
Boycott Ban, Banish, Bar, Exclude, Exile, Henpeck, Hound, Intimidate, Menace,
Ignore, Ostracise, Prohibit, Reject Nag, Oppress, Persecute, Peste¡ Repress,
Brace Arm, Bolster, Reinforce, Strengthen, Tèrrorise, Threaten, Torment, Tyrannise,
Support Victimise

18 i9
Bump Bang, Crowd, Elbow, Hustle,Jab,
Jostle, Knock, Nudge, push, Shock,
Shoulder, Shove, Strike
Burden Bother, Encumber, Hamper,
Handicap, Hinder, Impede,
Cage Confine, Imprison, Incarcerare
Inconvenience, Obstruct, Oppress,
Cajole Beguile, Coax, Court, Enrice, Flatter,
Overload, Saddle, Tiammel, Tiouble,
Inveigle, Lure, Persuade, pressure, Stoke,
Weary
Tempt
Burn Brand, lmmolate, lncinerate, Kindle Calcalate Assess, Estimate, Measure
Burst Bang, Break, Crack, Shatter, Split Call Beckon, Command, Evoke, lncite,
Bury Deluge, Drown, Submerge Name, Summon
Busf Break Cølm Allay, Alleviate, Appease, Assuage,
Butcher Conquer, Exterminate, Kill, Mangle, Comfort, Compose, Disburden, Ease,
Massacre, Mutilate, Slaughter, Slay
Hush, Lessen, Lighten, Lull, Mollify,
Butter Flatter Pacify, Placate, Quell, euieten, Relax,
Rock, Sedate, Settle, Silence; Smooth,
Sober, Soothe, Still, Tèmper, Tranquillise
Cancel Annihilate, Destroy, Efface, Eradicate,
Excise, Expunge, Extirpate, Invalidate,
Obliterate, Raze, Rescind
Cane Beat, Birch, Flagellate, Flog, Strap, Tan,
whip
Capdcitate Empower, Enfranchise
Captfuate Allure, Arrest, Attract, Beguile,
Bewitch, Bind, Catch, Charm, Dazzle,
Delight, Enamour, Enchant, Endear,
Engage, Engross, Enrapture, Enthrall,
Entrance, Excite, Fascinate, Fixate,
Hypnotise, Intrigue, Mesmerise, Ravish,
Rivet, Seize, Spellbind, Titillate, Win
Capture Abduct, Arresr, Block, Catch, Clutch,
Ensnare, Grab, Hijack, Hold, Kidnap,
Nab, Nail, Net, Nick, Cvermaster, pluck,
Snare, Snatch, Subjugate, Win
Caress Brush, Cuddle, Embrace, Fondle,
Hug, Kiss, Lick, Massage, Nuzzle, pat,
Paw, Pet, Rub, Stroke, Touch
Caricature Imitate, Mimic, parody, Satirise
Carry Bear, Hold, Shoulder, Support,
Tiansport
20
2T
Castigate Be¡ate, Blast, Censure, Chasten, Change Adapt, Affect, Alter, Amend,
Chastise, Chide, Condemn, Criticise, Convert, Reform, Tiansform, Türn
Denounce, Flagellate, Flog, lambast, Chaperone Accompany, Attend, Escort,
Punish, Rebuke, Reprehend, Reprimand, Protect, Safeguard, Shepherd
Reproach, Reprove, Scold, Strap, Tan, Whip Charge, I Affront, Arraign, Assail, Assault,
Castrate Disempower, Emasculate, Sterilise Attack, Blame, Mob, Ram, Strike
Catch Arrest, Bewitch, Captivate, Caprure, Charge,2 Accuse, Command, Dþarage, Fuel,
Charm, Detect, Enchant, Enmesh, Impeach, lncriminate, lndict, Prosecute
Ensnare, Entangle, Grab, Hook, NaiI, Charge,3 Fuel, Revive
Pluck, Snare, Snatch, Trap Charm Allure, Amuse, Arrest, Attract,
Catechise Cross-examine, Interrogate, Beguile, Bewitch, Bind, Captivate, Catch,
Question, Quiz Court, Delight, Enamour, Enchant,
Categorße Compute, Confrne, Class, Classify, Endear, Engage, Enthrall, Entrance,
Grade, Limit, Rank, Restrain, Restrict Enrapture, Fascinate, Flatter, Hypnotise,
Cøutton Admonish, Advise, Alert, Counsel, Intrigue, lnveigle, Mesmerise, Please,
Discourage, Dissuade, Reprove, Warn Ravish, Spellbind, Titillate, Win
Cement (PL) Bind, Bond Chase Follow, Hunt, Pursue, Stalk, Tiack, Tiail
Censox I Emend, Sanitise Chasten Castigate, Chastise, Discipline,
Censor,2 Ban, Exclude, Obliterate, Prohibit, Humble
Restrain Chastise Beat, Berate, Castigate, Censure,
Censure Abuse, Attack, Blame, Berate, Blast, Chasten, Chide, Correct, Discipline, Flog,
Castigate, Chastise, Condemn, Criticise, Punish, Rebuke, Reprehend, Nag, Scold
Deory Denounce, Impugn, Ifuock, l¿mbast, Cheapm Belittle, Debase, Degrade, Demean,
I¡cture, Rebuke, Reprimand, Reprove, Scold Denigrate, Devalue, Discredit, Disparage,
Centre Focus, Ground Dispirit, Lower
Certify,I Affrrm, Confirm, Qualify Cheat Beguile, Con, Deceive, Defraud,
Certify,2 Section Delude, Diddle, Dupe, Fleece, Fool, Gull,
Chain Bind, Confi.ne, Constrain, Constrict, Hoax, Hoodwink, Outwit, Rob, S\Mindle,
Encumber, Enslave, Fetter, Fix, Hamper, Trick, Wrong
Hold, Lock, Manacle, Pinion, Restrain, Chech,l Frisk, Vet
Restrict, Secure, Tie, Yoke Chech,2 Control, Hinder, Stop
Challenge Accuse, Assault, Attack, Battle, Box, Cheer, T Amuse, Animate, Applaud, Boost,
Confront, Contest, Cross-examine, Dare, Brighten, Comfort, Console, Delight,
Deþ, Embattle, Fight, Inrerrogate, Oppose, Elate, Elevate, Embolden, Encourage,
Question, Resist, Rival, Tackle, Threaten Enhearten, Enliven, Excite, Fire, Fortify,
Champion Advocare, Affirm, Approve, Gladden, Hearten, Inspire, lnspirit,
Commend, Confirm, Back, Defend, lnvigorate, Joll¡ Lighten, Please, Rally,
Encourage, Favour, Forward, Further, Reassure, Refresh, Revive, Rouse,
Patronise, Promote, Push, Ratifu, Second, Stimulate, Stir, Strengthen, Sustain,
Support, Warrant Tickle, Uplift, Viulise, \\¡arm

22 23
Cheer,2 Acclaim, Applaud, Hail Clear, 2 Disengage, Disentangle, Lighten,
Cherish Adore, Adulate, Conserve, Enshrine, Relieve, Unblock, Unburden
lmmortalise, Nurture, Pet, Prize, Cleave, I Cut, Gash, Gouge, Hack, Lacerate,
Treasure, Value Slash, Slit, Smite, Split, Tèar
Chide Browbear, Bully, Castigate, Chastise, Cleane,2 (PL) Divide, Incise, Separate, Sever,
Criticise, Curse, Harass, Hecto¡ Henpeck, Split, Sunder
Intimidate, Lecture, Nag, Rebuff, Rebuke, Clinch Clasp, Embrace, Hug, Squeeze
Reprehend, Reprimand, Reproach, Clip Clout, Hit, Smack
Reprove, Scold Clobber Bang, Batter, Beat, Belt, Box, Cuff,
Chill Cool, Depress, Discourage, Dishearten, Hammer, Hit, Knock, Lambast, Slap,
Numb Slog, Smack, Sock, Strike, Wallop,
Chip Dent, Nick, Notch Whack
Chohe Constrict, Gag, Obstruct, Smother, Clog Block, Burden, Congest, Cramp,
Stifle, Strangle, Suffocare, Throttle Encumber, Hamper, Handicap, Hinder,
Choose Designate, Elect, Nominate, Pick, lmpede, Obstruct, Oppress, Overload,
Select Retard
Chop Axe, Cut, Hack, Slash Clothe Attire, Dress
Chuch Fling, Sling, Throw Cloud,I Befuddle, Clothe, Confuse,
Churn Agiute, Stir Disorientate, Impai¡ Muddle
Circle Circumscribe, Encircle, Enclose, Clouâ,2 Dim, Extinguish, Obscure
Encompass, Enfold, Envelop, Surround Clout Beat, Clip, Hit, Smack
Circtmscríbe Circle, Cover, Encircle, Clutch Capture, Clasp, Embrace, Grab,
Enclose, Encompass, Enfold, Envelop, Grasp, Grip, Hold, Pluck, Seize, Snatch
Hedge, Pen, Surround, Wrap Coørh Civilise, Cuhivate, Develop,
Civilße Coach, Cultivate, Develop, Discipline, DdlI, Edify, Educare,
Discipline, Ediff, Educate, Enlighten, Enlighten, Familiarise, Foster, Groom,
Improve, Inform, Instruct, Polish, Refine, Guide, Improve, lndoctrinate, Inform,
School, Sophisticate, Tèach, Train, Tìrtor lnstruct, Prepare, School, Tèach, Train,
Cløtm Appropriate, Own Tìrtor
Clatp Clinch, Clutch, Embrace, Enfold, Coatc Allure, Beckon, Beguile, Cajole, Entice,
Envelop, Enwrap, Hold, Press, Seize, Flatter, Inveigle, Persuade, Tempt
Squeeze, Swathe, Wrap CodÄle Moþcoddle,smother
Class Categorise, Classif, Grade, Label, Coerce Blackmail, Compel, Constrain,
Name, Rank, Rate, Value Dominate, Domineer, Enjoin
Classifi Categorise, Class, Grade, Order, Combat Assault, Atuck, Battle, Box,
Rate, Rank, Tag, Value Embattle, Fight
Cleønse Baptise, Purify, Rinse, Scrub, Wash Combine (PL) Unify, Unite
Clear, 7 Absolve, Acquit, Discharge, Comfort Aid, Allay, Alleviate, Appease,
Disengage, Disentangle, Excuse, Assuage, Calm, Cheer, Console,
Exonerate, Free, Vindicate Disburden, Ease, Embolden, Encourage,

24 25
 Enhearten, Gladden, Hearten, Mollify, Condemn Blame, Crstigate, Censure, Convict,

Nourish, Pacify, Quieten, Reassure, Criticise, Cuse, Cuss, Damn, Decry

Relax, Relieve, Revive, Rock, Soothe, Denounce, Outlaw, Punish, Rebuff, Reprove
Suengthen, Sustain Conilition Accustom, Habituate, Indoctrinate,
Command Adjure, Bid, Call, Charge, Compel, Shape, Teach, Tïain
Control, Direct, Dominate, Govern, Conilone Abet, Accept, Approve, Back,
Instruct, Maste¡ Order, Rule Excuse, Forgive, Sanction, Support
Commmd Acclaim, Applaud, Approve, Back, Conduct Control, Direct, Govern, Guide,
Befriend, Champion, Compliment, Lead, Manage, Manoeuvre, Rule,
Honour, Praise, Promote, Recommend, Shepherd
Support Confne Besiege, Bind, Cage, Categorise,
Commtssion Appoint, Authorise, Delegate, Consrain, Consnict" Chain, Cramp,
Empower, Enable, Engage, Enlist, Encircle, Enclose, Encumber, Enslave,
Fetter, Hamper, Hold, Limit, Manacle, Pen,
License, Ordain, Warrant
Commit (PL) Betroth, Bind, Engage, Obligate, Pinion, Repress, Restrain, Restrict, Shackle,

Pledge Tie, Trammel

Compel Bladsnail, Coerce, Com¡rund, Confirm AfÊrm, Approve, Authorise, Back,

Constrain, Drive, Enforre, Entrance, Exort, Certiff, Champion, Endorse, Favour,

Fascinate, Force, Impel, lnstruct, Mesmerise,
Recommend, Validate, Verify
Motivate, Obligate, Oblige, Press, Urge Confounil Amaze,Astonish, Astound, BafiIe,
Bamboozle, Bedevil, Befuddle, Bewilder,
Compensøte Recompense, Restitute, Reward
Block, Confr¡se, Confute, Curb, Curse,
Comphment Boost, Commend, Congratulate,
Defeat, Derange, Disturb, Dumbfound,
Exalt, Extol, Felicitate, Flatter, Greet,
Elude, Embroil, Ensnare, Flabbeqgast, Floor,
Honour, Extol, Laud, Praise
Flummox, Foil, Frustrate, Muddle, My=ti&,
Compose Align, Calm, Harmonise, Settle,
Sober, Soothe
Outwit, Perplex, Puzzle,Startle, Stump,
Snrn, Surprise, Trouble, Unhinge, Unnerve
Compromße Disturb, Embroil, Encumber,
Endanger, Ensnare, Imperil, Implicate, Confroat Accost, Battle, Block, Challenge,
Risk, Threaten, Undermine Dare, Deþ, Disturb, Embattle, Encounter,
Face, Frustrate, Halt, Obstruct, Resist,
Compute Categorise, Examine, Read, Scan,
Tackle
Study
Con Beguile, Cheat, Deceive, Defraud, Confuse Addle, Agitate, Baffle, Bamboozle,
Delude, Diddle, Dupe, Entrap, Fool, Bedevil, Befuddle, Bemuse, Bewilder,
Gull, Hoax, Hoodwink, Inveigle, Lure, Cloud, Confound, Daze, Discompose,
Disconcert, Disorientate, Disturb, Dizz¡
Swindle, Trick
Entangle, Faze, Flummox, Fluster,
Concentrøte Focus, Strengthen
Fuddle, Jumble, Muddle, Mystify,
Concern Bother, Disquiet, Distress, Disturb,
Perplex, Perturb, Pazzle, Stump, Tiouble,
Perturb, Trouble, Wory
Unhinge, Unnerve, Unsettle
Conciliøte Appease, Enjoin, Mollify, Pacify,
Placate, Propitiate, Soothe
Confute Confound, Crush, Expose, Negate

26 27
Congratulate Applaud, Compliment, Consider, Evaluate, Examine,
Felicitate, Praise Gauge, Measure, Weigh
Congregate (PL) Assemble, Rally Content Appease, Ease, Gladden, Gratiþ,
Conjoin (PL) Ra\ Uniþ, Unite Humour, Mollify, Placate, Please,
Conjure Behold, Entreat, Evoke, Invoke, Reconcile, Satis$
Raise, Summon Contest Challenge, Question
Conquer Appropriate, Beat, Crush, Defeat, Contort Bend, Distort, Modify, Pervert, Twist,
Demolish, Dethrone, Floor, Overcome, Warp
Overmaster, Overpower, Ovenhrow, Contraet Employ, Engage
Overwhelm, Prostrate, Quell, Repress, Contradíct Negate, Oppose, Resist
RuIe, Subjugate, Vanquish Control Check, Command, Conduct,
Consecrøte Anoint, Bless, Enshrine, Honour, Consrain, Contain, Curb, Direct,
lmmortalise, Ordain, Sanctify, Tieasure, Dominate, Domineer, Encompass,
Venerate Engineer, Govern, Manage, Manipulate,
Consetye Cherish, Enshrine, Immortalise, Manoeuwe, Master, Moderate, Order,
Retain, Treasure Organise, Possess, Programme, Restrain,
Consíder Analyse, Apprehend, Contemplate, Shepherd, Subdue
Evaluate, Examine, Gauge, Judge, Convert Adapt, Adjust, Alter, Change,
Measure, Weigh Indoctrinate, Shape, Tiansform, Tt.rn
Corcígn Assign, Entrust , Convey Bear, Transport
Console Assuage, Cheer, Comfort, Embolden, Cotwíct Arrest, Condemn
Encourage, Hearæn, Reassrrre, Relieve, Soothe Convince Assure, Persuade, Win
Constrain, I Compel, Curb, Enforce Cool Chill, Refresh, Sober
Corstrain,2 Bind, Box, Chain, C-oerce, Confine, Copy Ape, Echo, Emulate, lmitate, Mimic,
Constricg Control, Cramp, Encunrber, Fetter, Mirror, Parrot, Reflect
ÉIampeq Inhibir, Necessiute, Obligate, Corner Box, Tiap, Monopolise
Pigeonhole, Prcss, Pressurise, Restain, Correct Amend, Chastise, Emend, Improve,
Resnict, Stop, Tie, Trarnmel Moderate, Reform, Reprimand, Reprove
Constrkt Chain, Choke, Confine, Constrain, Corroborate Suengthen, Support
Curb, Encumber, Fetter, Hamper, Conoile Crumble, Dissolve, Erode
Restrict, Tighten, Tiammel Cornryt Adulterate, Bastardise, Blemish,
Consume Absorb, Chew, Devoua Engulf, Bowdlerise, Bribe, Damage, Debase,
Envelop, Overwhelm, Swallow, Swamp Deflowe¡ Degrade, Deprave, Demoralise,
Contain Accommodate, Control, Curb, Impair, Infect, Pervert, Poison, Poliute,
Enclose, Encompass, Hold, Possess, Taint, Violate, Vitiate
Subsume, Surround Cosseú Mollycoddle,Pamper,smother
Contarúnate Adulterate, Besmear, Blight, Counsel Advise, Apprise, Caution, Edify,
Damage, Debase, Defi.le, Dirty, Doctor, Educate, Enlighten, Guide, Inform,
Foul, Impair, Infect, Poison, Pollute, Instruct, Tèach, htor, Warn
Smear, Spoil, Stain, Taint, Vitiate Counteract Balance, Neutralise
28 29
Court Beguile, Cajole, Charm, Entice, Escort, Crush Batter, Beat, Break, Bruise, Confute,
lnveigle, Pursue, Romance, Seduce, Woo Conquer, Crumple, Defeat, Demolish,
Cot¡er Circumbscribe, Encase, Encompass, Demoralise, Destroy, Dethrone, Dispirit,
Muffle, Mute, Shield, Subsume, Veil, Hammer, Humble, Humiliate, Mangle,
Wrap Mash, Oppress, Overmaster, Overpower,
Coyet Desire, Envy Overthrow, Overwhelm, Press, Pulverise,
Crach, I
Break, Burst, Fracture, Shatter, Quash, Repress, Rout, Ruin, Shatter,
Snap, Splinter, Split, Srike Slaughter, Smash, Squash, Subdue,
Crach,2 Decode Suppress, Tyrannise, Vanquish, Wallop
Cradle Assuage, Cushion, Hold, Lull, Nestle, Cuddle Caress, Embrace, Encircle, Enfold,
Pet, Rock, Support Fondle, Hold, Hug, Pet, Squeeze
Cramp Clog, Confine, Consrrain, Encumber, Cudgel Beat, Bludgeon, Hit, Knock
Hamper, Handicap, Hinder, Impede, Cue Activate, Prompt, Trigger
lnhibit, Limit, Oppress, Restrain, Cuff Bang, Batter, Beat, Belt, Box, Clobber,
Restrict, Trammel Hit, Knock, Smack, Sock, Strike, Whack
Craze Unhinge Cultivate Aid, Assist, Back, Better, Civilise,
Credit Entrust, Honour, Thank Coach, Develop, Discipline, Drill,
Cripple Break, Damage, Debilitate, Defear, Encourage, Edify, Educate, Elevate,
Demoralise, Deprive, Destroy, Disable, Enlighten, Enrich, Foster, Improve,
Emasculate, Enewate, Frustrate, Hinder, lnform, Instruct, Nurture, Perfect,
Impair, Immobilise, Impoverish, lnjure, Polish, Raise Rear, Refrne, School, Tèach,
Incapacitate, Maim, Mangle, Mutilate, Train, Thtor
Paralyse, Rout, Ruin, Sabotage, Weaken Cup Hold
Criticise Anaþe, Appraise, Assess, Attack, Curb Block, Confound, Constrict, Constrain,
Blame, Blast, Browbeat, Castigate, Contain, Control, Dampen, Delay,
Censure, Chide, Condemn, Decry Discourage, Encumbe¡ Fetter, Gag,
Denounce, Harass, Hector, Henpeck, Hamper, Handicap, Halt, Hinder, Hold,
Knock, Nag, Pan, Scold Impede, Inhibit, Moderate, Muzzle,
Cross-examine Catechise, Challenge, Grill, Obstruct, Oppress, Quieten, Repress,
Interrogate, Interview, Investigate, Probe, Restrain, Restrict, Silence, Stifle, Still,
Pump, Question, Quiz Subdue, Suppress, Throttle, Tiammel
Crowìl Bump, Elbow, Henpeck, Hustle, Cure Heal, Improve, Mend, Regenerate,
Nudge, Push, Shove Relieve, Remedy, Replenish, Restore,
Crown, I Adorn, Decorate, Dignify Honour, Tieat
Perfect, Reward Curse Abuse, Afilict, Anathematise, Bewitch,
Crown,2 Hit, Strike Chide, Condemn, Confound, Cuss,
Crucify Execute, Persecute Damn, Haunt, Insult, Plague, Profane,
Crumble Break, Corrode, Dissolve, Disunite, Threaten, Torment
Erode, Fragment, Shatter, Splinter, Split Cushíon,I Cradle, Defend, Protect, Relieve,
Crumple Crush, Rumple Shield

30 31
Cushion,2 Deaden, Muffle, Stifle
Cuss Blast, Condemn, Curse, Damn, lnsult,
Plague
Customise Accommodate
Cut,7 Amputate, Bite, Chop, Cleave, Dissect, Dab Pat, Press, Tap, Tiruch
Gash, Gouge, Hack, Hurt, lncise, Knife, Damage Abuse, Assault, Blemish, Break, Bruise,
Lacerate, Lance, Nick, Notch, Pierce, Crippte, Contaminate, Comrpt, Deface,
Prick, Prune, Raze, Rip, Score, Scratch, Defame, Defile, Deprive, Flarm, Hit, Hurt"
Sever, Slash, Slit, Split, Sting, Strike, Tear, Impair, brjure, Maim, Malütat, Mar, Misneat,
Wound Mutilate, Nick, Ruin, Sabotage, Savage,
Cut,2 Disregard, Humiliate Scratdr, Spoil, Taint, Weaken, Wound
Dømn Anathematise, Blacken, Curse, Cuss,
Condemn
Danrpen Curb, Deaden, Depress, Discourage,
Dispirit, Dissuade, Dull, Mute
Dangle Suspend
Dare Challenge, Confront, Provoke
Dash Batter, Shatter, Smash, Strike
Daze Amaze, Astonish, Astound, BafIle,
Bemuse, Bewilder, Blind, Confus e, Dazzle,
Distract, Dumbfound, Faze, Flabbergast,
Flummox, Perplex, Puzzle, Shock, Stagger,
Startle, Stun, Stupeþ, Surprise
Dazzle Amaze, Astonish, Blind, Captivate,
Daze, Fascinate, Flabbergast, Hypnotise,
lmpress, Overpower, Overwhelm, Stupefy
Deactivate Anaesthetise, Anathematise, Disable
Deaden Anaesthetise, Dampen, Diminish,
Dull, Muffle, Numb, Paraþe, Quell,
Quieten, Reduce, Smother, Stifle,
Suppress, Tïanquilise, Weaken
Debar Ban, Disallow, Exclude, Forbid,
Hinder, Obstruct, Prohibit, Refuse
Debøse,l Degrade, Disgrace, Dishonour,
Humble, Humiliate, Lower, Reduce,
Shame, Weaken
Debase,2 Adulterate, CheaPen,
Contaminate, Comrpt, DefrIe, DePrave,
Downgrade, Impair, Pewert, Pollute,
Taint, Vitiate

32
q^33
 Debauch Assault, Defile, Deflower, Demoralise, Deferrd Arm, Champion, Cushion, Escort,
Deprave, Molest, Perven, Pollute, Rape, Guard, Patronise, Protect, Safeguard,
Ravish, Shame, \À&eck, Violate Secure, Shelter, Shield, Support
Debilitate Cripple, Deplete, Deprive, Deviulise, Defile Besmear, Blacken, Contaminate,
Diminish, Disable, Drain, Emasculate, Damage, Debase, Debauch, Deflower,
Enervate, Enfeeble, Exhaust, Fatigue, Desecrate, Dirty, Foul, Impair, Pollute,
Impoverish, Incapacitate, hrvalidate, Shame, Smear, Soil, Stain, Taint, Violate
Paralyse, Reduce, Restrict, Sap, Tire, Under- Deflate Devalue, Disappoint, Disconcert,
mine, Unhinge, Unnelve, Weaken, Weary Dispirit, Humble, Humiliate, Milk,
Debrief Inform Puncture
Deceive Bamboozle, Beguile, Betray, Blind, Deflect Avert, Avoid, Dissuade, Intercept,
Bluff, Cheat, Con, Defraud, Delude, Dupe, Misdirect, Obstruct, Rebuff, Redirect,
Ensnare, Entrap, Fiddle, Flatter, FooI, Repel, Stop
Hoax, Misguide, Mislead, Swindle, Täck Deflower Comrpt, Debauch, Defile, Molest,
Deapher Crack, Unravel Rape, Ravish
Dech,7 Adorn, Beautify, Bedeck, Enrich, Deform Distort, Impair, Mutilate, Pervert,
Festoon, Ornament Ruin, Spoil, Twist, Warp
Dech,2 Beat, Floor, Hit Defrøud Bamboozle, Beguile, Bluff, Cheat,
Decline Deny, Refuse Con, Deceive, Delude, Diddle, Dupe,
Deconstruct Analyse, Dismantle Fleece, Fool, Hoax, Rob, Swindle, Trick
Decorate Adorn, Bedeck, Beautify, Blazon, Deþost Melt
Crown, Emblazon, Enrich, Festoon, Defy Beat, Better, Challenge, Confront,
Ornament, Wreathe Crush, Disobey, Provoke, Reject, Sco¡p,
Decoy Allure, Bait, Ensnare, Entice, Entrap, Thwa¡t
lnveigle Degrade Affront, Cheapen, Corrupt, Debase,
Decrimínalise Normalise, Revert Demean, Demote, Deprave, Discredit,
Decry Abuse, Belittle, Blacken, Blame, Blast, Downgrade, Humble, Humiliate, Insult,
Censure, Condemn, Criticise, Denounce, Patronise, Pervert, Reduce, Shame
Discredit, Disparage, Dispirit Dehumaø¡úse Pervefi
Deface Blemish, Damage, lmpair, Injure, Mar DeiÍy Admire, Adore, Adulate, Beatify, Exalt,
i,
Defame Abuse, Accuse, Blame, Damage, Idolise, lmmortalise, Revere, Sanctify,
'; Denigrate, Denounce, Discredit, Venerate, Worship
ll
Disgrace, Dishonour, Disparage, Dispirit, Deject Delay, Demoralise, Discourage,
il

lr
Dispraise, Knock, Malign, Shame, Dishearten
lll
Slander, Tamish, Vilify Deløy Block, Curb, Deject, Detain,
Defeat Beat, Break, Confound, Conquer, Encumber, Hinder, Impede, Postpone,
lt'
ji
Crippte, Crush, Deth:one, Finish, Floor, Resuain, Thwart
Foil, Nulli& Outdo, Overpower, Overrhrow, Delegate Appoint, Assign, Authorise,
'l,l
ii
Overwhelm, Quash, Quell, Rebuff, Thxash, Commission, Empower, Enable, Entitle,
li:i
Thwart" Tiounce, Vanquish Sanction, Warrant.
l';'
I'
j'
iì,:, 34 35
li;

t'ì
Delight Allure, Amuse, Atnact, Beguile, Debilitate, Deprive, Devitalise,
Bewitch, Captivate, Charm, Cheer, Diminish, Drain, Empty, Enfeeble,
Enamour, Enchant, Engage, Eruapture, Exhaust, Fatigue, Impair, Impoverish,

r
Entertain, Enthrall, Entrance, Excite, Reduce, Sap, Underm:ine, Weaken
Exhila¡ate, Fascinate, Gladden, Gotift Dqloy Activate, Employ, Use, Utilise
Please, Pleasure, Seduce, Spellbind, Thrill Depose Demote, Dethrone, Disbar, Oust,
Deliver Acquit. Discharge, Disencumber, Overthrow, Sack,, Suspend, Topple
Disenthrall, Emancþate, Free, Liberate, Dqrate Abuse, Comrpt, Debase, Debauch,
Redeem, Release, Rescue, Unchain, Degrade, Demoralise, Pervert
Unfetter, Unshackle Deprecate Abuse
Delude Bamboozle, Bluff, Cheat, Con, Depress Chill,Dampen, Demoralise,
Deceive, Defraud, Dupe, Fool, Gull, Desolate, Discourage, Dishearten,
Hoax, Hoodwink, Kid, Misguide, Dispirit, Oppress, Sadden, Sober, Weaken
Mislead, Outwit, Swindle, Trick Cripple, Damage, Debilitate, Deplete,
Deluge Bury Drown, Engulf, Envelop, Devitalise, Dilute, Enfeeble, Expnrpriate,
Overwhelm, Swamp Fatigue, Impair, lmpoverish, Incapacitate,
Demarcate Downgrade, Limit Irssen, Reduce, Rob, Sap, Weaken
Demewt Belittle, Cheapen, Degrade, Devalue, Ðerail Destabilise
Humble, Humiliate Derange Agitate, Confound, Destabilise,
Demobilise Liberate, Normalise, Regularise Deviate, Disconcert, Dizzy, Impair,
Drrnolßh Annihilate, Batter, Beat, Blast, Muddle, Perturb, Pewerr, Puzzle,
Break, Bulldoze, Conquer, Crush, Tiouble, lrist, Unhinge, Unsteady, Upset
Destroy, Devastate, Dismantle, Flatten, Mock, Ridicule, Scorn
Floor, Knock, Obliterate, Overthrow Ðesectate Defile, Violate, Pervert, Profane
Ovenurn, Plunder, Pulverise, Quash, Desert Abandon, Betray, Forsake,Jilt, Leave,
Quell, Ravage, Raze, Rout, Ruin, Shatter, Maroon, Neglect, Reject, Relinquish,
Smash, Suppress, Vanquish Shun, Spurn
Demorølise Break, C.omrpt, Cripple, Cxush, Designøte Appoint, Choose, Elecr, Nominate,
Debauch, Dejecq Deprave, Depress, Devitalise, Pick, Select
Discourage, Dishearter¡ Disrn¡f Dispirit, Desoløte Depress
Enervate, Impair, Sap, Underrnine, Weaken Despoil Destroy, Devastate, Harry, Pillage,
Demate Degrade, Depose, Devalue, Down- Ransack, Rape, Ravage, Rob, Steal
grade, Humble, Punish, Reduce, Shame Desplse Revile, Scorn
Denígrate Berate, Blacken, Cheapen, Defame, Derail, Derange, Unhinge, Unsteady
Discredit, lnsult, Revile Abolish, Annihilate, Batter, Blast,
Dawunce Anarhernatise, Accuse, Arraigt, Bludgeon, Break, Cancel, Cripple, Crush,
Atack, Berate, C:stigate, Censte, CondemrL Demolish, Despoil, Devastate, Efface,
Criticise, Decry Dehme, Disparage, Eliminate, Eradicate, Excise, Execute,
Dispraise, Impeach, Indict, Revile, Vïlify Expunge,, Exterminate, Extirpate,
Deny Decline, Refuse Finish, Incinerate, Kill, Mangle, Murder,

36 37
 Nullify, Obliterate, Plunder, Quash, Diminish Deaden, Debilitate, Deplete,
Devitalise, DrairL Enfeeble, Exlnust,
Quell, Ravage, Raze, Rout, Ruin, Shatter,
Slaughter, Smash, Tiash, Vandalise, Fatigue, Impoverish, l-essen, I¡wer, Reduce,
Vanquish, Wreck, Zap Sap, Undercut, Undermine, Weaken

Detach (PL) Isolate, Separate, Wrest Direct Command, Compel, Control,

Detain Delay, Hinder, Hold, lmprison, Conduct, Dominate, Focus, Govern,
Inhibit, Restrict, Retain, Stop Guide, Lead, Manage, Manoeuwe,
Detect Catch, Discover, Expose, Unmask Motivate, Navigate, Orientate, Rule,
Deter Block, Discourage, Dispirit, Dissuade, School, Steer, Tèach, Tutor
Frighten, Hamper, Hinder, Impede, Dirty Adulterate, Besmear, Contaminate,
Intimidate, Obstruct, Prohibit Defile, Foul, Pollute, Smear, Soil, Stain,
Dethrone Conquer, Crush, Defeat, Depose, Taint
Dispossess, Overthrow, Topple Dsøble Break, Cripple, Deactivate, Debilitate,
Devalue Adulterate, Cheapen, Deflate, Devitalise, Disarm, Enervate, Enfeeble,
Demean, Demote, Discredit, Downgrade, Exlraust, Hinder, Hurt, Immobilise, lmpair,
Reduce, Shame, Subordinate, Weaken Incapacitate, lnvalidate, Maim, Paralyse,
Devastate Demolish, Despoil, Destroy, Reduce, Restict, Sabotage, Sap, Undercut,

Plunder, Ravage, Raze, Rout, Ruin, Sack, Undermine, Unhinge, Weaken, Wing,
Shatter, Smash, Wreck Wound
Develop Civilise, Coach, Cultivate, Disaffect Disappoint, Disillusion, Embitter,
Discipline, Drill, Ediff, Educate, Envenom, Poison, Sour
Enlighten, Foster, Improve, Instruct, DisøTIow Ban, Bar, Debar, Exclude, Forbid,
Rear, Refine, School, Tèach, Tiain, Tutor Prohibit
Deviate Derange, Pervert, Trist, Warp Disappoint Deflate, Discourage, Disconcert,
Devitalße Debilitate, Demoralise, Deplete, Disillusion, Dispirit, Dissatisfy, Frustrate,
Deprive, Disable, Diminish, Drain, Jade
Enervate, Enfeeble, Exhaust, Fatigue, Dßarm Disable, Dissolve, Melt, Thaw,
Incapacitate, Jade, Paralyse, Sap, Tire, Unnerve, Weaken, Win
Undermine, Unhinge, Weaken Disbar Depose, Eject, Exclude
Devour Appropriate, Consume, Gobble, Gvzzle Disbeliøte Mistrust
Diddle Cheat, Con, Defraud, Fleece, Fool, Dßburden Allay, Alleviate, Appease, Assuage,
Hoax, Hoodwink, Swindle Calm, Comfort, Ease, Lighten, Mollify,
Dig Jab, Prod Pacify, Quieten, Relax, Relieve, Soothe,
Dígest Absorb, Process Still, Tranquillise
Digrly Aggrandise, Better, Crown, Elevate, Dßcørd. Abandon, Abjure, Beray, Discharge,
Ennoble, Exalt, Gloriff, Grace, Honour, Disclaim, Dislodge, Dismiss, Drop,
Knight, Revere, Sanctify, Venerate Evacuate, bipel, Forsake, l,eave, Oust,
Dílute
Adulterate, Deprive, Sap, Weaken Reject, Relinquist¡ Renounce, Sack, Spum
Dim Cloud, Eclipse, Efface, Excise, Obscure, Dischørge Absolve, Acquit, Clear, Deliver,
Shroud Disencumber, Disengage, Disentangle,

38 39
 Disenthrall, Discard, Dismiss, Eject, Dßenchønt Disillusion, Sour
Emancþate, Enfranchìse, Evacuate, Dísmcumber Acquit, Alleviate, Deliver,
Exonerate, Expel, Fire, Free, Liberate, Discharge, Disengage, Disentangle,
Oust, Pardon, Redeem, Release, Sack, Disenthrall, Emancipate, Enfranchise,
Unburden, Unshackle, Untie Free, Liberate, Rescue, Release, Relieve,
Dßcþline Chasten, Chastise, Civilise, Coach, Unburden, Unchain, Unfetter, Unleash,
Cultivate, Deveþ, Drill, Edify, Educate, Unshackle, Untie
Enlighten, Foster, Govern, Indoctrinate, Disengage Clear, Discharge, Disencumber,
Inform, Instruct, Mould, Punish, School, Disentangle, Disenthrall, Emancipare,
Subjugate, Tame, Têach, Train, htor Free, Liberate, Release, Unburden,
Disclaim Discard, Disown, Rebuke, Reject, Unchain, Undo, Unfetter, Unhook,
Renounce, Spurn Unshackle, Untie
Díscomft Appall, Confuse, Discomfort, DisentangJe Clear, Discharge, Disencumber,
Discompose, Disconcert, Distress, Disengage, Disenthall, Emancipate, Free,
Disturb, Embarrass, Floor, Fluster, liberate, Redeem, Release, Relieve,
Perturb, Ruffle, Shame, Upset Unburden, Undrain, Undo, Unfetter, Un-
Discomfort Embarrass, Floor, Perturb, Ruffle, hook. Unleash, Unravel, Unshackle, Untie
Tiouble, Upset Dßnúhrall Deliver, Discharge, Disencumber,
Discompose Confuse, Disconcert, Displease, Disengage, Disentangle, Emancþate,
Dissatisfy, Distress, Embarrass, Fluster, Enfranchise, Free, Liberate, Rescue,
Perturb, Shame Release, Unburden, Unchain, Unfetter,
Disconcert Agitate, Baffle, Confuse, Deflate, Unleash, Unshackle, Untie
Derange, Disappoint, Disuact, Distress, Disgrace Debase, Defame, Discredit, Humble,
Discompose, Floor, Fluster, Frighten, Humiliate, Shame, Taint
Perturb, Rattle, Trouble, Unnerve, Disgust Appall, Horrify,Nauseare, Offend,
Unsettle, Upset Outrage, Repel, Repulse, Scandalise,
Disconnect (PL) lsolate Shock, Sicken
Discourøge Caution, Chill, Curb, Dampen, Dßhearten Chill, Deject, Demoralise, Depress,
Deject, Demoralise, Depress, Deter, Discourage, Disma)¡ Dispirir, Enervate,
Disappoint, Dishearten, Disma¡ Dispirit, lntimidate, Opprress, Reprcss, Sadden
Dissuade, Hinder, Impede, Inhibit, Dishonour Blacken, Debase, Defame,
Obstruct, Oppose, Oppress, Prohibit, Disparage, Pollute, Shame, Taint, Wrong
Rebuff, Repress, Suppress Disillusion Alienate, Disaffect, Disenchant,
Discover Detect, Unearth Embitter, Sour
Discredit Belittle, Cheapen, Decry Defame, Disloilge Discard, Dismiss, Dispossess, Eject,
Degrade, Denigrate, Devalue, Disgrace, Evacuate, Exlel, Firc, Oust, Remove, Sack
Slander, Vilify, Wrong Di"smøntle Deconstruct, Demolish
Diss¿ct Anaþe, Examine, Inspect, Probe, Dismøy Appall, Demoralise, Discourage,
Scrutinise, Stud¡ Vet Dishearten, Dispirit, Enervate, Sadden
Disempower Castrate, Emasculate Asmember Mutilate
,10 4l
 Dismiss Abolish, Banish, Disca¡d, Discharge, Dístort Bend, Contort, Deform, Mangle,
Dislodge, Eject, Exile, Expel, Fire, Oust, Pervert, Warp
Remove, Sack Distrqct Addle, Bemuse, Blind, Bother,
Disobey De$r, Disregard, Ignore Daze, Disconcert, Divert, Muddle,
Disorientate Befuddle, Cloud, Confuse Puzzle, Throw Upset, Worr)'
Disown Disclaim, Reject, Repudiate, Shun Dísfress Afflict, Agitate, Alarm, Annoy,
Dßpørage Abuse, Accuse, Blame, Charge, Bedevil, Bother, Concern, Discompose,
Cheapen, Decry Defame, Denounce, Disconcert, Disturb, Fluster, Fret,
Dishonour, Impeach, Reproach, Slander, Mortify, Sadden, Tiouble, Unnerve,
Vilify Upset, Vex, Worry
Dkpirit Break, Cheapen, Crush, Dampen, Decql Disturb Addle, Affect, Agitate, Alarm, Annoy,
Defame, Deflate, Demoralise, Depress, Deter, Badger, Bother, Compromise, Concern,
Disappoint" Discourage, Dishearten, Dismay Confound, Confront, Confuse, Displease,
Enexvate, Intimidate, Oppress, gdden Disrupt, Dissatisfu, Distress, Dizzy,
Displace Banish, Exile, Override Embroil, Faze, Fluster, Fret, Hatass,
Dísplease Aggrieve, Annoy Discompose, Harry, Haunt, Muddle, Perplex, Perturb,
Dissatisfu, Disturb, Irk, Offend, perturb Pester, Plague, Rattle, Rock, Ruffle,
Dispossess Banish, Dethrone, Dislodge, Eject, Shock, Stir, Tiouble, Unsettle, Upset,
Evacuate, Exile, Expel, Expropriate, Fire, Vex, Wobble, Worry
Oust, Sack Dßunite (PL) Break, Crumble, Divide,
Dßpraise Attack, Belittle, Defame, Fragment, Shatter, Splinter, Split, Untie
Denounce, pan Dítch Abandon, Drop, Forsake, Jilt, Reject
Disqualify Ban, Exclude, prohibit Di'vert, I Avert, Distract, Intercept, Obstruct,
Disquiet Agitate, Concern, Dizzy, perturb Redirect, Stall
Disregard Avoid, Cut, Disobe¡ Drop, Divert,2 Engage, Entertain, lnterest, Regale
Eliminate, Exclude, Ignore, Neglect, Diviile (PL) Bisect, Cleave, Disunite,
Overlook, Reject, Repudiate, Spurn Separate, Split, Sunder
Disrupt Disturb, Hamper, Heckle, Impede, Divorce Forsake, Reject
Interrupt, Sabotage, Upset Dizzy Addle, Agitate, Confirse, Derange,
Dissatis/y Disappoint, Discompose, Disturb, Disquiet, Fluster, Rufile, Unsetde
Displease, Disturb, Upset Doctor, I Advise
Dissect Analyse, Scrutinise, Study, Vet Doctor,2 Adulterate, Contaminate
Dissaninate Destroy Dodge Avoid, Elude, Escape, Evade, Flee,
Díssolve Corrode, Crumble, Disarm, Erode, Melt Outrun, Shirk, Shun, Sidestep
Díssuaãe Advise, Caution, Dampen, Deflect, Dominate Coerce, Command, Control,
Deter, Discourage, Warn Direct, Govern, Master, Monopolise,
Distance Alienate Overmaster, Overpower, Repress, Rule,
Distend Aggrandise, Boosq Expand, Infìate, Swell Steer, Tyrannise
Distinguish Adorn, Elevate, Glorify, Grace, Domineer Coerce, Control, Govern,
Honour Overmaster, Overpower, Rule, Tyrannise

42 +3
 Douse Drench, plunge, Soak
Downgraile Debase, Degrade, Demarcare,
Demote, Devalue, Humble, Lower
Drøin Debilitate, Deplete, Devitalise,
Diminish, Empty Enervate, Enfeeble,
Ease Aid, Allay, Alleviate, Appease, Assuage,
Exhaust, Fatigue, Impoverish,
Calm, Comfort, Content, Disburden,
Incapacitate, Jade, Milk, Reduce, Sap,
Lighten, Motlify, Pacify, Quieten,
Tire, Weary
Relax, Relieve, Sedate, Settle,
Draw Beckon, Engage, Exrract, pull, Tug, Smooth, Soothe, Tianquillise
Yank
Echo Ape, Copy, Mirror, Parrot, Reflect
Drench Douse, lmbue, Infuse, Saturate,
Drøss Attire, Clothe, Groom
Soak Eclípse, I Dim, Extinguish, Obscure,
Shroud, Veil
Drill, 1 Coach, Cultivate, Develop,
Eclipse, 2
Exceed, Excel, Outdo, Outshine,
Discipline, Edifu, Educate, Enlighten,
Overshadow, Surpass, Tianscend
Exercise, Groom, Indoctrinate, Inform,
EdiÍy Apprise, Civilise, Coach, Coursel,
Instruct, School, Tèach, Train, Tütor
Cultivate, Deveþ, Discipline, Drill, Educare,
Drill,2 Pierce
Elevate, Enlighten, Exercise, Fosær, Guide,
Dríve Compel, Encourage, Force, Goad.,
Improve, Indoctrirlate, Inform, tnsruct,
Impel, Motivate, propel, push, Spur,
Nurhrre, School, Teach, Train, Trtor
Stimulate, Thrust, Urge
Educate Advise, Apprise, Civilise, Coach,
Drop Abandon, Discard, Disregard, Ditch,
Counsel, Cultivate, Deveþ, Discipline,
Dump, Eject, Eliminate, Exclude, Expel,
Drill, Edi|l Elevate, Enlighten, Enrich,
Forsake, Jilt, Leave, Reject, Spurn
Foster, Groom, Guide, Improve, lndoc-
Drown Bury Deluge, Empty, Engulf, Envelop, trinate, Inform, Instruct" Mould, Nurnrre,
Plunge, Sink, Submerge
Refine, School, Shape, Teach, Tutor, Tiain
Dull Anaesthetise, Dampen, Deaden, Numb, Efface, I Cancel, Destroy, Eradicate, Excise,
Quieten Expunge, Extirpate, Obliterate, Raze
Dumbfounil /urraze, Astonish, Astound, Effaee,2 Dim, Humble, Lower
Baffle, Befuddle, Confound, Daze,
Eject Banish, Boot, Disbar, Discharge,
Flabbergast, Floor, perplex, puzzle,
Dislodge, Dismiss, Dþossess, Drop,
Stagger, Stump, Stun
Eliminate, Exclude, Exile, Expel,
D*rp Abandon, Drop, Forsake, Reject
Extrude, Fire, Oust, Reject, Remove,
Dupe Bamboozle, Beguile, Cheat, Con,
Sack, Spurn
Deceive, Defraud, Delude, Fool, Gull,
Elate Animate, Boost, Brighten, Cheer,
Hoax, Hoodwink, Outwit, Swindle,
Elevare, Excite, Exhilarate, Gladden,
Trick, Victimise
Hearten, Raise, Rouse, Uplift
Elbow Bump, Crowd, Husrle, Jab, Jostle,
Knock, Nudge, Prod, Push, Shove
Elect Appoint, Choose, Designate, Endorse,
Pick, Select
44
+5
 Etectnþ Activate, Amaze, Animate, Astonish, Emblazon,2 Extol, Gloriff, laud, Praise,

Energise, Enliven, Excite, Fire,

Proclaim, Tiumpet
Galvanise, Inspirit, Invigorate, Jolt, Embolden Animate, Assure, Cheer, Comfort,
Motivate, Quicken, Rouse, Shock, Startle, Console, Encourage, Fire, Fortifr,

r
Stimulate, Stir, Thrill, Vitalise Hearten, Incite, Inflame, Inspire, lnspirit,
Elevate, I Cultivate, Edify, Educate, Invigorate, Nerve, Rally, Reassure,
Empower, Enlighten, Grace, Heighten, Rouse, Stiffen, Stimulate, Stir,
lmprove, lnform, lnstruct, Nurture, Strengthen, Sustain, Vitalise
Refrne, School, Têach Embrace, I Caress, Clasp, Clinch, Clutch,
Elevate,2 Augment, Aggrandise, Dignify, Cuddle, Encircle, Enclasp, Enclose,
Distinguish, Ennoble, Exalt, Glorify, Encompass, Enfold, Envelop, Enwrap,
Honour, Promote, Raise, Strengthen, Grab, Grasp, Hold, Hug, Nuzzle, Press,
Swell, Upgrade, Uplift Seize, Squeeze, Swathe, Wrap

Eletate,3 Animate, Boost, Brighten, Cheer, Embrace,2 Accept, Admit, Adopt, Enjoin,
Elate, Exalt, Excite, Exhilarate, Hearten, Espouse, Incorporate, Welcome

Hoist, Lift, Rouse Embroil Compromise, Confound, Disturb,

I Banish, Disregard, Drop, Eject,
Eltmh:øite, Enmesh, Ensnare, Entangle, Implicate,
Exclude, Expel, Reject Involve, Muddle, Sna¡e
Eliminate,2 Annihilate, Destroy, Eradicate, Emenil Adapt, Amend, Censor. Correct,
Exterminate, Kill, Murder, SlaY, Improve, Polish
Têrminate Employ Appoint, Contract, D"ploy, Engage,

Eluile,I Avoid, Dodge, Escape, Evade, Flee, Enlist, Occupy, Recruit, Retain, Use, Utilise
Foil, Forestall, Hedge, Ourun, Outwit, Empower Arm, Authorise, Capaciute,
Shirk, Shun, Sidestep Commission, Delegate, Elevate, Enable,
Elude,2 Baffle, Block, Confound, Frustrate, Entitle, License, Permit, Sanction
Puzzle, Stump, Thwart Empty Deplete, Drain, Drown, Exhaust
Emancþate Delivel Discharge, Disencumber, Emuløte Copy, Follow, Imitate, Mimic
Disengage, Disentangle, Disenthrall, Enfian- Enable Authorise, Commission, Delegate,
chise, Free, Liberate, Release, Rescue, Un-
Entitle, Facilitate, License, Permit,
chain, Unfetter, Unleash, Unshackle, Untie Qualify, Sanction
Emasculate Castrate, Cripple, Debilitate, Enamour Allure, Arrest, Attract, Beguile,
Disempower, Enervate, ImPoverish, Bewitch, Captivate, Charm, Deiight,
Unman, Weaken Enchant, Endear, Engage, Enrapture,
Embarrass Discomfort, Discompose, Fluster, Enthral, Entrance, Fascinate, Mesmerise,
Humiliate, Shame Spellbind, Win
Embottle Challenge, Combat, Confront hrchsnt Allure, Arrest, Atract, Beguile,
Embed Plant, Root Bewitch, Captivate, Catch, Charm, Delight,
"' Enamor¡r, Endear, Engage, Enrapture,
Embitter Aggravate, Alienate, Disaffect,
Disillusion, Envenom, Poison, Sour Enthral, Enftance, Fascinate, HoId,
Emblazon, I Adorn, Decorate, Ornament Mesmerise, Myrti& Ravish, Spellbind, Win
:

46 47
;il

ili
Encircle Besiege, Circle, Circumscribe, Endnnger Ambush, Compromise, Imperil,
Confine, Cuddle, Embrace, Enclose, Implicate, Terrorise, Threaten
Encompass, Enfold, Entrap, EnveloP, Endear Attract, Bind, Captivate, Charm,
Enwrap, Grasp, Hug, Surround, Wreathe Enamour, Enchant, Engage, Enrapture,
Enclasp Embrace Enthrall, Entrance
Enclose Circle, Circumscribe, Confine, Endorse Abet, Advocate, Affirm, Approve,
Contain, Embrace, Encircle, EnwraP, Authorise, Back, Confirm, Elect, Entitle,
Enfold, Envelope, Hold, Hug, Pen, Favour, Permit, Ratify, Recommend,
Shroud, Surround, Swathe, WraP Sanction, Support, Sustain, Vindicate,
Encompass Besiege, Circle, Circumscribe, Warrant
Contain, Connol, Cover, Embrace, Endow Award, Enrich, Favour, Furnish
Encircle, Enclose, Enfold, Engulf, Endure Abide, Bear, Suffeq Support, Tolerate,
Envelop, En'wrap, Embrace, Hold, Hug, Weather, Withstand
Include, Incorporate, Involve, Subsume, Energ¡se Activate, Animate, Arouse, Electrify,
Surround, Swathe, Wrap Engage, Enliven, Generate, Goad,
Encounter ConfronL Engage, Face, Fight Hearten, Inspirit, Instigate, lnvigorate,
Encourage Abet, Advise, Advocate, Aid, Motivate, Quicken, Refresh, Regenerate,
Animate, Applaud, Arouse, Assist, Rouse, Stimulate, Stir, Spur, Vitalise
Assure, Augment, Back, Befriend, Bolster, Enewate Break, Cripple, Debilirare,
Boost, Champion, Cheer, Comfort, Demoralise, Devitalise, Disable,
Console, Cultivate, Drive, Embolden, Dishearten, Dismay, Dispirit, Drain,
Enhearten, Enthuse, Favour, Feed, Fire, Emasculate, Enfeeble, Exhaust, Fatigue,
Fortify, Forward, Foster, Fuel, Further, Impoverish, Incapacitate, Jade, Paraþe,
Galvanise, Goad, Hearten, Help, Incite, Reduce, Restrict, Sap, Tire, Weaken
Inflame, Influence, Inspire, lnspirit, Enfeeble Break, Debilitate, Deplete, Deprive,
Invigorate, Lift, Motivate, Nerve, Devitalise, Disable, Diminish, Drain,
Nourish, Nurse, Nurture, Patronise, Enervate, Extrausq Fatigue, Incapacitate,
Persuade, Prod, Promote, Râlh Reassure, Jade, Paraþae, ResticÇ Sap, Tire, Undercut,
Revive, Rouse, Spur, Stimulate, Stir, Undermine, Unhinge, Urmewe, Weaken
Stoke, Strengthen, Succour, SuPPort, Enfolil Circle, Circumbscribe, Clasp, Cuddle,
Sustain, Uphold, Urge, Vitalise, Will Embrace, Encircle, Enclose, Encompass,
Encumber Bind, Burden, Chain, Clog, Engulf, Envelop, Enwrap, Hold, Hug,
Compromise, Confrne, Constrain, Shroud, Surround, Swathe, Wrap,
Constrict, Contain, Cramp, Curb, Delay, Wreathe
Enmesh, Enslave, Ensnare, Entangle, Enforce Compel, Consrrain, Obligare,
Fetter, Hamper, HandicaP, Hinder, Pressurise, Prosecute, Urge
Impede, lmplicate, lnconvenience, Enfranclnse Capacitate, Discharge,
Involve, Manaqle, Obstruct, OPPress, Disencumber, Disenthrall, Emancipate,
Overload, Restlain, Restrict, Retard, Free, Liberate, Release, Unchain,
Saddle, Shackle, Tie, fiammel Unfetter, Unshackle

48 49
Engage, I Attract, Allure, Arrest, Beguile, Freshen, Generate, Gladden, Hearten,
Betroth, Captivate, Charm, Delight, Inspire, Inspirit, Invigorate, Light,
Divert, Draw, Enamou¡ Enchant, Motivate, Quicken, Refresh, Restore,
Encounter, Endear, Energise, Engross, Revive, Rouse, Stimulate, Titivate,
Enrapture, Enthral, Entrance, Fascinate, Vitalise, Waken
Grip, Hold, Hook, Hypnotise, Interest, Enmesh Catch, Embroil, Encumber, Ensnare,
lnvolve, Mesmerise Entangle, Entrap, Implicate, lnvolve,
Engage,2 Appoint, Bind, Commission, Snare, Trammel, Tiap
Commit, Contract, Employ, Enlist, Ennoble Aggrandise, Digniþ, Elevate,
Enrol, Obligate, Occupy, Recruit, Rerain, Entitle, Exalt, Glorify, Honour
Utilise Enrage Aggravate, Impassion, Incense,
Engineer Control, Manipulate, Manouewe, lncite, Inflame, Infuriate, Madden,
Work Outrage, Provoke
Engross Arrest, Captivate, Engage, Engulf, Enrapture Beguile, Bewitch, Captivate,
Entrance, Envelop, Fascinate, Fixate, Charm, Delight, Enamour, Enchant,
Grip, Hold, Interest, Involve, Endear, Engage, Entertain, Enthral,
Monopolise, Occupy, Rivet, Spellbind Entrance, Fascinate, Hypnotlse,
Engrrlf Arrest, Consume, Deluge, Drown, Mesmerise, Ravish, Spellbind, Thrill
Encompass, Enfold, Engross, Envelop, Enrich,l Adorn, Award, Beautify, Bedeck,
Hold, lnvolve, Overwhelm, Preoccup¡ Deck, Decorate, Favour, Festoon,
Swamp Furnish, Ornament, Reward
Enhearten Boost, Cheer, Comfort, Enrich,2 Cultivate, Educate, Endow
Encourage, Enthuse, Fire, Galvanise, Enrol Appoint, Engage
Generate, Hearten, Inspire, Inspirit Etshrine Adore, Adulate, Cherish,
Enjoin Coerce, Conciliate, Embrace, Include, Consecrate, Conserve, Honour, ldolise,
Incorporate lmmortalise, Prize, Tieasure, Value,
Enhinille Arouse, Awaken, Excite, Fire, Venerate, Worship
Generate, Ignite, Incite, Inflame, Inspire, Enslave Bind, Chain, Conûne, Encumber,
Invigorate, Kindle, Provoke Fetter, Hold, Manacle, Pinion, Shackle
Enlnrge Augment Ensnare Ambush, Capture, Catch, Confound,
Enlighten Acquaint, Advise, Apprise, Civilise, Deceive, Decoy, Encumber, Enmesh,
Coach, Counsel, Cultivate, Develop, Entangle, Embroil, Hijack, Hook,
Discipline, Drill, Edify, Educate, Elevate, lmplicate, Induce, lnvolve, Lure, Nab,
Foster, Guide, Improve, Inform, Instruct, Net, Seduce, Snare, Trammel, Tiap
Nurture, School, Têach, Tiain, Tutor Entøngle Catch, Confuse, Embroil,
Enlisf Appoint, Commission,Employ, Encumber, Enmesh, Ensnare, lmplicate,
Engage, Obtain, Procure, Recruit, Retain lnvolve, Muddle, Neq Snare, Trammel,
Enliven Activate, A.muse, Animate, Arouse, Tiap
Awaken, Brighten, Cheer, Electrify, Entertain Amuse, Delight, Diven, Enrapture,
Energise, Excite, Exhilarate, Fire, Host, lntrigue, Regale

50 5i
 Enthral Beguile, Bewitch, Captivate, Charm, Exterminate, Extinguish, Extirpate, I(ill,
Delight, Enamour, Enchant, Endear, Engage, Obliterate, Raze
Eruapture, Entrance, Fascinate, Hypnotise, Erode Crumble,Dissolve
Intrigue, Mesmerise, Rivet, Spelhind Escape Avoid, Dodge, Elude, Evade, Flee,

r
Enthuse Encourage, Enhearten, Excite, Rally Frustrate, Outrun, Shirk, Shun
Entice Allure, Attract, Beckon, Beguile, Escort Accompany, Attend, Chaperone,
Cajole, Coax, Court, Decoy, Entrap, Court, Defend, Guard, Guide, Lead,
Fascinate, Induce, Inveigle, Lure, Safeguard
Persuade, Persue, Seduce, Têmpt, Woo Espouse Accept, Adopt, Back, Embrace,
EntitleAuthorise, Delegate, Empower, Marry Support, Wed, Welcome
Enable, Endorse, Ennoble, License, Esteem Admire, Respect, Revere, Value
Permit, Qualify, Sanction, Warrant Estimate Analyse, Appraise, Assess, Calculate,
Entrance Beguile, Bewitch, Captivate, E><amine, Gauge, Measure, Value
Charm, Compel, Delight, Enamour, Eyacuate Discard, Discharge, Dislodge,
Enchant, Endea¡ Engross, Enthral, Dispossess, Eject, Exile, Expel, Oust,
Enrapture, Fascinate, Hold, Hlpnotise, Remove
Involve, Mesmerise, Ravish, Spellbind Evade Avoid, Dodge, Elude, Escape, Flee,
Entrap Abduct" Bait, Bamboozle, Con, Deceive, Outrun, Parry, Shirk, Shun, Sidestep, Stali
Decoy Entice, Hoax, Hook, lnduce, Evaluøte Analyse, Appraise, Assess,
Inveigle, Lure, Net, Seduce, Snare, Täck Consider, Contemplate, Estimate, Gauge,
Entreø;t Beg, Beseech, Conjure, Implore, Measure, Weigh
Importune, Petition, Solicit, Urge Evohe Beckon, Call, Conjure, Rouse, Summon
Entrust Consign, Credit Exacerbate Aggravate
Entwine (PL) Join, Link, Tie Exalt Acclaim, Adore, Adulate, Aggrandise,
Envelop Absorb, Circle, Circumbscribe, Beatify, Boost, Compliment, Deify,
Clasp, Consume, Deluge, Drown, Digni$, Elevate, Ennoble, Gtorify, Hail,
Embrace, Encircle, Enclose, Encompass, Hearten, Heighten, Honour, Idolise, Lift,
Enfold, Engulf, Engross, Enwrap, Hold, Praise, Promote, Raise, Salute,
Hug, Overwhelm, Shroud, Surround, Strengthen, Swell
Swamp, Swathe, W?ap Exqmine Analyse, Compute, Consider,
Envenom Alienate, Disaffect, Embitte¡ Contemplate, Disect, Estimate, Gauge,
Poison, Sour Peruse, Read, Scan, Scrutinise, Study,
Enwrap Clasp, Embrace, Encircle, Enclose, Tèst, Weigh
Encompass, Enfold, Envelop, Hold, Exasperate Aggravate, Annoy Anugonise,
Shroud, Swathe, Wrap Incense, lnfuriate, Irritate, Provoke, Weary
Eqnl Match Exceed Better, Ecþse, Excel, Outdo,
Equalise Balance Outshine, Surpass, Tianscend
Equip Accommodate, Arm, Furnish, Prepare Excel Ecþse, Exceed
Eradkate Abolish, Annihilate, Banish, Cancel, Excise Annihilate, Cancel, Destroy, Dim, Efface,
I Destroy Efiace, Eliminate, Excise, Expunge, Eradicate, Extþate, Obliterate, Remove
i,
52 53
Excíte Anirnate, Arouse, Astonish, Awaken, Exíle Banish, Boycott, Dismiss, Displace,
Boost, Brighten, Captivate, Cheea Delight, Dispossess, Eject, Evacuate, Ostracise,
Elate, Electrift Elevare, Enkindle, Enliven, Oust
Enthuse, Exhilarate, Fan, Fire, Fluster, Exonerate Absolve, Acquit, Clear, Discharge,
Galvanise, Hearten, lmpassion, Incite, Exculpate, Excuse, Forgive, Liberate,
Infect, Inflame, Inspire, lnspirit, lntoxicate, Pardon, Purge, Purify, Release, Vindicate
Invigorate, Joh, Kindle, Motivate, Quicken, Expand Boost, Distend, Inflate
Provoke, Rouse, Shock, Spark, Startle, Expel Banish, Discard, Discharge, Dislodge,
Stimulate, Stoke, Strrengthen, Thrill, Titillate, Dismiss, Dispossess, Drop, Eject,
Uplift, Viulise, Waken, Warm Eliminate, Evacuate, Exclude, Extrude,
Exclude Ban, Banish, Bar, Boycott, Censor, Fire, lmpel, Ostracise, Oust, Propel,
Debar, Disalloq Disbar, Disregard, Reject, Spurn
Disqualiþ, Drop, Eject, Eliminate, Exploit Abuse, Manipulate, Misuse, Swindle,
Exempt, Expel, Forbid, lgnore, Obstmct, Use
Ostracise, Outlaw, Prohibit, Refuse, Expose Accuse, Confute, Detect, Rumble,
Reject, Spurn Shame, Skin, Strip, Uncover, Unmask,
Excuþøte Absolve, Exonerate, Forgive, Unveil
Liberate, Pardon Expropriate Deprive, Disposses
Excuse Acquit, Clear, Condone, Exempt, Expunge Annihilate, Cancel, Destroy, Efface,
Exonerate, Forgive, Pardon, Spare, Erradicate, Extþate, Obliterate
Vindicate Exterminate Annihilate, Butcher, Destroy,
Execute Annihilate, Destroy, Exterminate, Eliminate, Eradicate, Execute, Finish,
Finish, Impale, Kill, Lynch, Murde¡ Kill, Massacre, Obliterate, Remove,
Shoot, Slay Stone, Tèrminate Slaughter
Exempt Absolve, Acquit, Exclude, Excuse, Extinguish Annihilate, Cloud, Ecþse,
Spare Eradicate, Obscure, Smother, Strangle,
Exercise Drill, Edib', Improve Suppress
Exhaust Debilitate, Deplete, Devitalise, Extirpøte Annihilate, Cancel, Desno¡ Efface,
Diminish, Disable, Drain, Empty, Eradicate, Excise, Expunge, Oblite¡ate
Enervate, Enfeeble, Fatigue, Impoverish, Extol Applaud, Compliment, Emblazon,
Incapacitate, Jade, Milk, Reduce, Sap, Glorify, Laud, Praise, Proclaim, Trumpet
Tire, Unhinge, Weaken, Weary Ertofi Compel
Exhilarate Animate, Boost, Brighten, Delight, Extract Draw, Pull
Elate, Elevate, Enliven, Excite, Fire, Extrude Eject, Expel
Gladden, Hearten, Inflame, Inspire,
Inspirit, Intoxicate, Invigorate, Lift,
Quicken, Raise, Refresh, Revitalise,
Rouse, Stimulare, Thdll, Uplift, Vitalise
Exhort Force, Goad, Harangue, Harass,
Impel, Incite, Persuade, Raþ

54 55
 Face Confront, Encounter
fi
ï Facilitate Enable
Hr
Familíarße Accustom, Acquaint, Coach,
Ë{r
ìlil
Habituate, Instruct, School, Season, Tiain
Fan Agitate, Arouse, Excite, Provoke, Rouse,
Stimulate
Fascinate Allure, Arrest, Attract, Beguile,
Bewitch, Captivate, Charm, Compel,
Dazzle, Delight, Enamour, Enchant,
Engage, Engross, Enrapture, Enthral,
Entice, Entrance, HoId, Hlpnotise,
Influence, lnterest, Intrigue, Mesmerise,
Rivet, Tantalise
Falher Foster, Mother, Parent, Raise, Rear
Føtígue Debilitate, Deplete, Deprive,
'i Devitalise, Diminish, Drain, Enervate,
,¡
Enfeeble, Exhaust, Harrass, Incapacitate,
Jade, Sap, Tire, Unhinge, Weaken, Weary
,ll
Fwour Abet, Accommodate,Advocate,
Affirm, Aid, Approve, Assist, Authorise,
,rl, Aver, Back, Befriend, Boost, Champion,
'i
Confrrm, Encourage, Endorse, Endow,
¡
Enrich, Forward, Foster, Grace, Gratify,
riil
Help, Honour, Indulge, Oblige, Pamper,
i
Patronise, Promote, RatiS, Recommend,
:iti Reward, Sanction, Spoil, Strengthen,
.il
Support, Treat
i. Faze Agiute, BafiIe, Bewilder, Bother,
!i,
I
Confuse, Daze, Dazzle. Disturb,
l,t
Flummox, Fluster, Jumble, Muddle,
iI Mystify, Perplex, Perturb, Ptzzle,
it.
Unsettle
Feed Augment, Bolster, Encourage, Foster,
Fuel, Nourish, Nurture, SEengthen,
Sustain
Felkitæe Compliment, Congratulate

57
 Festoon Adorn, Beautify, Bedeck, Deck, Fla¡l Beat, Thrash
Decorate, Enrich, Ornament Flatten Bulldoze, Demolish, Floo¡ Knock,
Fetter Bind, Chain, Confine, Constrain, Raze, Squash, Tiample
Constrict, Curb, Encumber, Enslave, Elatter Beguile, Butter, Cajole, Charm, Coax,
Hamper, Hold, Manacle, pinion, Compliment, Deceive, Humour, Inveigle,
Restrain, Restrict, Shackle, Tie, Tiammel Pet
FülÅle Deceive, Swindle Flay Blast, Peel, Skin, Uncover
Fight Assault, Auack, Bartle, Box, Challenge, Flee Dodge, Elude, Escape, Evade, Leave,
Combat, Encounte¡ Hit Outrun
Filch Appropriate, Misuse, Nick, pilfer, pinch, Fleece Blackmail, Cheat, Defraud, Diddle,
Purloin, Rob, Steal, Swipe Ransack, Rob, Skin, Strip, Swindle
Fill, 7 Imbue, Replenish, Sate, Sariare, Satisfy, Flich Flip, Hit,Jab, Peck, Rap, Täp, Toss, Touch
Suffuse, Swell Fling Chuck, Pitch, Propel, Sling, Throva Toss
Fill,2 Block, Bung, Impregnate, plug, Stop, Flip Flick, Snap, Throw, Toss, Twisr
Stuff Flog Beat, Belt, Birch, Bludgeon, Cane,
Finish, I Annihilate, Defeat, Destroy, Execute, Castigate, Chastise, Flagellate, Hammer,
Exterminate, Rout, Ruin, Tèrminate Hit, l-ambast, Iåsh, Punch, Rap, Scourge,
Finish,2 Complete Slap, Slug, Smack, Smite, Sock, Strap,
Fire,7 Animate, Arouse, Awaken, Blast, Tan, Thrash, Trounce, Wallop, Whack,
Cheer, Electrift Embolden, Encourage, Whip
Enhearten, Enkindle, Enliven, Excite, Flaor, 1 Amazq Astonish, Astound, Baffle,
Exhilarate, Fuel, Galvanise, Generate, Bewilder, Confound, Deck, Defeat,
Gladden, Hearten, Ignite, Inflame, Discomfit, Disconcert, Dumbfound,
Infuriate, Inspire, Inspirit, Invigorate, Perplex, Puzzle, Stump, Throw
Jolt, Kindle, Iaunch, Light, Motivate, Floor,2 Beat, Conquer, Defeat, Demolish,
Provoke, Rouse, Quicken, Shock, Snoot, Fell, Flatten, Overthroq Raze
Stimulate, Stoke, Strengthen, Thrill, Flummox Baffle, Bemuse, Bewilder,
frggut, Waken, Vitalise Confound, Confuse, Daze, F aze,stump,
Fire,2 Banish, Discharge, Dislodge, Dismiss, Perplex, Puzzle
Dispossess, Eject, Expel, Ousr, Remove, Fluster Agitate, Bother, Confuse, Discomfit,
Sack Discompose, Disconcert, Distress,
Fix, 1 Affix, Anchor, Bind, Bond, Chain, peg, Disturb, Dizzy, Embarrass, Faze, Hassle,
Pin, Secure, Tie, Wedge Hurry', Panic, perturb, Rattle, Ruffle,
Fíx,2 Amend, Mend, Repair Unsettle, Unnewe, Upset, Vex
Fixate Captivate, Engross, Mesmerise Focus Centre, Concentrate, Direct, Ground
Fløbbergast Amaze, Astonish, Astound, Foíl,7 Baffle, Confound, Elude, Frustrare,
Confound, Daze, Dazzle. Dumbfound, Outwit, Pttzzle, Thwart, parryt
Shock, Stagge¡ Stun, Surprise- Fúl,2 Defear, Nullify, Stop, Stump
Flagellfie Bear, Birch, Cane, Castþte, Flog, Follow, I Accompany, Chase, Pursue, Stalk,
Lash, Spank, Strap, Tän, Thrash, Whip Tiack, Trail

58 59
Follow,2 Emulate, Serve Fragment Break, Crumble, Disunite, Shatter,
Fonille Caress, Cuddle, Grope, Hug, Splinter, Split
Manipulate, Maul, Pat, Paw, Pet, Stroke Free Clear, Discharge, Delive! Disencumber,
Fool Bamboozle, Beguile, Bluff, Cheat, Con, Disengage, Disenungle, Disenthrall, Eman-
Deceive, Defraud, Delude, Diddle, Dupe, cipate, Enfranchise, Liberate, Pardon,
Gull, Hoax, Hoodwink, Kid, Mislead, Redeem, Relieve, Release, Rescue,
Outwit, IÞase, Trick Unburden, Unchain, Undo, Unfetter,
Forbíd Ban, Bar, Exclude, Debar, Disallow, Unleash, Unshackle, Untie
Inhibit, Interdict, Outlaw, Preclude, Freeze, I Numb, Refrigerate
Prohibit, Proscribe Freele,2 Arrest, Immobilise, lnactivate,
Force Compel, Drive, Exhort, Hustle, lmpel, Paralyse, Petri$, Stun
Obligate, Press, Pressure, Pressurise, Freshen Enliven, Galvanise, Invigorate,
Push, Thrust, Urge, Wrench Refresh, Restore, Revitalise, Revive,
Forcstall Bafïle, Block, Elude, Frustrate, Rouse, Stimulate, Titivate, Uplift
Hinder, Paryr, Stop, Stump, Thwart Fret Aggravate, Agiute, Annoy, Badger,
Forgive Absolve, Acquit, Condone, Bother, Bug, Distress, Disturb, Perturb,
Exculpate, Excuse, Exone¡ate, Pardon Pester, Provoke, Rile, Ruffle, Tease,
Eorsahe Abandon, Beuay, Desert, Discard, Trouble, Upset, Vex
Ditch, Divorce, Drop, Dump, Jilt, Leave, Frighten Affright, Alarm, Appal, Buþ Deter,
Relinquish, Renounce, Surrender Disconcert, Haunt, Horrify, lntimidate,
Forwørd Abet, Advocate, Aid, Assist, Boost, Menace, Panic, Petrify, Scare, Shock,
Champion, Encourage, Favour, Further, Spook, Startle, Terrify, Têrrorise
Heþ, Pauonise, Promote, Push, Spur, Frish Foil, Check, lnspect, Search
Strengthen, Succour, Suppon, Upgrade, Erustrate Aggravate, BafIIe, Bedevil,
Uphold, Urge Confound, Confront, Cripple, Defeat,
Forewarn Alert, Warn Disappoint, Elude, Escape, FoiI,
Fortify,I Barricade, Harden, Inure, Protect, Forestall, Halt, Harass, Hinder, Inhibit,
Reinforce, Secure, Strengthen, Support, Neutralise, Stultif¡ Torment
Toughen Fuildle Bemuse, Confuse, lntoxicate
Fortify,2 Cheer, Embolden, Encourage, Fuel Augment, Bolster, Charge, Encourage,
Hearten, Invigorate, Reassurê, Sustain Feed, Fire, Incite, lnflame, Nurture,
Foster Abet, Accommodate, Aid, Boost, Stoke, Strengthen, Sustain
Coach, Cultivate, Develop, Discþline, Furnísh Award, Endue, Decorate, Endow,
Edify, Educate, Encourage, Enlighten, Enrich, Equip
Father, Favour, Feed, HeIp, Mother, Further Abet, Advocate, Aid, Assist, Boost,
Nourish, Nurse, Nurture, Raise, Rear, Champion, Encourage, Forward, Heþ,
Support, Sustain, Teach Patronise, Promote, Push, Spur, Srengthen,
Foul Besmear, Contaminate, Defile, Dirç Succour, Support, Thmst, Upgrade
Pollute, Smear, Soil, Stain, Taint Fusø Bond,Join
Fracture Break, Crack, Splinter, Split Fuss Bother, Niggle
60 61
Gag Block, Choke, Curb, Hinder, Muflle,
Mute, Muzzle, Quieten, Repress,
Restrain, Silence, Stifle, Suppress,
Throttle
Galvønise Activate, Animate, Arouse,
Awaken, Animate, Electrify, Encourage,
Enhearten, Excite, Fire, Freshen,
Generate, Jolt, Incite, Inspire, Inspirit,
Invigorate, Motivate, Move, Provoke,
Quicken, Rouse, Shock, Spur, Startle,
Stimulate, Stir, Thrill, Vitalise, Waken
Gash Cleave, Cut, Gouge, lncise, Lacerate,
Slash, Slit, Tear, Wound
Gauge Appraise, Assess, Consider,
Contemplate, Estimate, Evaluate,
Examine, Judge, Measure, Monitor,
Rank, Rate, Weigh
Generate Activate, Agitate, Arouse, Awaken,
Beget, Energise, Enhearten, Enkindle,
Enliven, Fire, Galvanise, Incite, lnflame,
Inspire, Interest, Intrigue, lnvigorate,
Kindle, Move, Prompt, Provoke,
Quicken, Raise, Revive, Rouse, Spark,
Spur, Stimulate, Stir, frgg"t, Vitalise,
Waken
GløÅilen Amuse, Brighten, Cheer, Comfort,
Contenr, Delight, Elate, Enliven,
Exhilarate, Gratiff, Hearten, Joþ
Lighten, Please
GloríJy Acclaim, Aggrandise, Applaud, Bless,
Dignify, Distinguish, Elevate, Emblazon,
Ennoble, Exalt, Extol, Hail, Honour,
ldolise, I¡ud, Praise, Proclaim, Revere,
Sanctifr, Toast, Worship
Goaà Abet, Annoy, Arouse, Badger, Drive,
Encourage, Energise, Exhort, Harass,

"63
 Hasten, Hound, Hurry, Impel, lncite, Guide, I Advise, Coach, Counsel, Direct,
Influence, Motivate, Persuade, Press, Edify, Educare, Enlighren, Govern, Help,
Pressure, Prod, Prompt, Propel, Push, lmprove, Influence, Inform, Instruct,
Quicken, Rush, Spur, Stimulate, Sting, Manage, Manoeuwe, Nurture, Operate,
Tèase, Urge Rule, School, Shepherd, Steer, Teach,
Gouge Cleave, Cut, Gash, Hack, lncise, Tïain, Tutor
Knife, Lacerate, Maul, Pick, Slash, Slit, Guide,2 Conduct, Escort, Precede, Lead,
Split, Tear, Wound Shepherd, Usher
Gwern Command, Conduct, Control, Direct, Gull Bamboozle, Cheat, Con, Delude, Dupe,
Discipline, Dominate, Domineer, Guide, Fool, Hoax, Hoodwink, Kid, Mislead,
Lead, Manage, Master, Order, Rule, Steer Outwit, Swindle, Trick
Grab Capture, Catch, Clutch, Embrace,
Grasp, Grip, Pluck, Pull, SeÞe, Snatch,
firg, Wrench, Wrest
Grace Adorn, Beautify, Dignify, Distinguish,
Elevate, Favour
Grade Brand, Categorise, Class, Classify,
Rank, Rate, Value
Grasp Clutch, Embrace, Encircle, Grab,
Grip, SeÞe
Gratify Amuse, Contenr, Delight, Favour,
Gladden, Humour, Induþ, Please,
Pleasure, Satis$
Greet Acknolwedge, Address, Approach,
Compliment, Hail, Receive, Recognise,
Salute, Welcome
Grill Cross-examine, Interrogate, Question,
Quiz
Gríp,7 Clasp, Clutch, Grab, Grasp
Grip,2 Engage, Engross, Hold, Involve,
Mesmerise, Seize, Spellbind
Groom Brush, Coach, Dress, Drill, Educate,
InsEuct, Nurture, Prepare, Prime,
Sophisticate, Tèach, Iiain, htor
Grope Fondle, Maul, Paw
Grounil Balance, Cenre, Focus, Level,
Neauualise, Plant, Regulate, Root,
Secure, Settle, Stabilise, Steady
Guard Defend, Escort, Safeguard, Secure,
Shelter, Shield, Protect

64 65
Habítuate Accustom, Condition, Familiarise,
Season
Hach Chop, Cleave, Cut, Gouge, Lacerate,
Mutilate, Slash, Wound
Hail Acclaim, Acknowledge, Address,
Applaud, Cheer, Exalt, Glorifu, Greet,
Honour, Praise, Salute, Welcome
Hallaw Anoint, Bless, Praise, Sanctify
Halt Arrest, Block, Confront, Curb,
Frustrate, lmmobilise, Impede,
Obstruct, Paralyse, Restrain, Stall, Stop
Hømmer Bang, Batter, Beat, Belt, Clobber,
Crush, Flog, Hit, Knock, Pound,
Pummel, Punch, Slug, Sock, Spank,
Strike, Thump, Wallop, Whack
Hamper Ban, Bar, Block, Bu¡den, Chain, Clog,
Confine, Constrain, Consrict, Cramp,
Curb, Deter, Disrupt" Encumber, Fetter,
Handicap, Hinder, Impair, Impede,
lnconvenience, Limit" Obstruct, Oppress,
Overload, Resúãin, Restrict, Retarrd, Saddle,
ftoltiry, Thwart, Îq Tiammèl
Handkap Burden, Clog, Cramp, Curb,
Encumber, Hamper, Hinder, Impat, lmpede,
Inconvenience, Limit, Obsruct, Overload,
Restrict" Retard, Saddle, Trammel
Harangue Abuse, Exhort, Lash, Lecture,
Torment
Hmass Aggravate, Agitate, Annoy,
Antagonise, B^dg"r, Bait, Bedevil,
Besiege, Bombard, Bother, Browbeat,
Bully, Chide, Criricise, Disturb, Exhort,
Fatigue, Frusûate, Goad, Harryr, Hassle,
Heckle, Hector, Henpeck, Hound,
lntimidate, Irritate, Nag, Needle,
Oppress, Perplex, Persecute, Pester,

67
 Plague, Provoke, Taunt, Tease, Tire, Hector Aggravate, Badger, Browbeat, Bully,
Torment, Trouble, Upset, Vex, Worry Chide, Criticise, Harass, Heckle,
Harbour Hold, Protect, Shield Henpeck, Intimidate, Jeer, Nag, Pester,
Hørden Fortifu, lnure, Reinforce, Steel, Plague, Provoke, Scold, Threaten,
Stiffen, Strengthen, Tôughen Torment, Woryt
Harm Abuse, Assault, Break, Damage, Hurt, Hedge Ci¡cumbscribe, Elude, Limit, Shirk
Impair, Injure, Maltreat, Mar, Mistreat, Heighten Augment, Boost, Elevate, Exalt,
Molest, Trouble, Wound, Wrong Lift, Raise, Strengthen, Swell
Harmonße Align, Heal, Compose, Reconcile, Help Abet, Aid, Alleviate, Assist, Back,
Settle, Soothe Befriend, Boost, Encourage, Favour,
Harry Annoy, Badger, Bedevil, Besiege, Bug, Forward, Foster, Further, Guide, Heal,
Despoil, Disturb, Harass, Hassle, Hound, Nurse, Patronise, Promote, Relieve,
Nag, Oppress, Persecute, Pestet, Plague, Remedy, Restore, Serve, Strengthen,
Pursue, IÞase, Torment, Trouble, Vex Succour, Support, Tirtor
Hassle Aggravate, Agitate, Annoy, Henpech Buþ Browbeat, Chide, Criticise,
Antagonise, Badger, Bait, Bedevil, Crowd, Harass, Hector, Intimidate, Nag,
Besiege, Bother, Bug, Fluster, Harass, Niggle, Pester, Scold, fbrment
Harry, Hound, Nag, Niggle, Pester, Hijack Capture, Ensnare, Kidnap, Pluck,
Plague, Ruffle, Tèase, Torment, Trouble, Seize, Snatch, Steal, Têrrorise, Threaten
Vex, Worry Hinder Annoy Bar, Block, Burden, Check,
Hasten Accelerate, Goad, Hurry, Hustle, CIog, Cramp, Cripple, Curb, Debar,
Press, Push, Rush, Quicken, Urge Dela¡ Deter, Detain, Disable, Discourage,
Haunt Curse, Disturb, Frighten, Trouble, Encumber, Forestall, Frustrate, Gag,
Urge, Worry Hamper, Handicap, Impair, Impede,
Hawh, I Attack, Hunt Inconvenience, Mar, Obstruct, Oppress,
Hawh,2 Prostitute Overload, Restrain, Restrict, Retard,
HeaL, 1 Harmonise, Reconcile, Settle, Soothe Saddle, Thwart, Tiammel, Wing
Heal,2 Cure, Heþ, Mend, Regenerate, Hit Assault, Bang, Bash, Bat, Batter, Battle,
Remedy, Repair, Restore, Tïeat Beat, BeIt, Box, Clip, Clobbber, Clout,
Hearten Anùnate, Assure, Boost, Brigþten, Crown, Cudgel, Cuff, Damage, Deck,
Cheer, Comfort, Console, Elate, Elevate, Fight, Flick, Flog, Hammer, Knock,
Embolden, Encourage, Energise, Enhearten, Punch, Rap, Slap, Slug, Smack, Smite,
Enliven, Erølt, Excite, Exhila¡ate, Fire, Sock, Strike, Swat, Thump, Wallop,
For tiþ, Gladden, Inflarne, Inspire, Inspirit" Whack, Zap
Invigorate,Jo\a lift, Lighten, Newe, Raise, Hoqx Bamboozle, Bluff, Cheat, Con, Deceive,
Rally, Reassure, Revitalise, Revive, Rouse, Defraud, Delude, Diddle, Dupe, Entrap,
Stimulate, Stir, Strengthen, Susuin, Uplift, Fool, Gull, Kid, Mislead, Outwit,
\ñalise Swindle, Trap, Täck
Hechle Badger, Bait, Disrupt, Harass, Hector, Hog Appropriate, Hold, Monopolise
Jeer, Jibe, Pester, Ridicule, Taunt Hoist Elevate, t]lï",Uplift, Upraise
68 69
Holil, T Cary', Clasp, Clutch, Cradle, Cuddle, Humiliøte Belittle, Crush, Cut, Debase,
Cup, Embrace, Encompass, Enfold, Deflate, Degrade, Demean, Disgrace,
Engulf, Envelop, Enwrap, Grip, Hug, Embarrass, Humble, Ridicule, Shame,
Shoulder, Subsume, Support Snub, Tiounce
Hold,2 Arrest, Bind, Capture, Chain, Humour Amuse, Content, Flatter, Gratif¡
Confine, Contain, Curb, Detain, Enclose, Indulge, Mollifu, Pamper, Smooth
Enslave, Fetter, Harbour, Hog, Imprison, Hunt Chase, Hawk, Hound, Pursue, Stalk,
Manacle, Possess, Retain, Shackle, Stop Tiack
Hold.,3 Enchant, Engage, Engross, Entrance, Hwry Accelerate, Fluste¡ Goad, Hasten,
Fascinate, Occupy, Preoccupy, Transfix Hustle, Incite, Push, Quicken, Rush
Honotn Acclaim, Admire, Aggrandise, Hurt Abuse, Afflict, Aggravate, Aggrieve,
Applaud, Award, Blazon, Commend, Batter, Cut, Damage, Disable, Harm,
Compliment, Consecrate, Credit, Crown, Impair, lnjure, Insult, Maltreat, Mar,
Digntfy, Distinguish, Elevate, Ennoble, Mistreat, Sting, Weaken, Wound, Wrong
Enshrine, Exalt, Favour, Glorify, Hail, Hush Appease, Calm, Lull, Mollify, Mute,
Ordain, Praise, Prize, Respect, Revere, Muzzle, Quieten, Silence, Soothe, Stifle,
Reward, Salute, Toast, Treasure, Value, Subdue, Suppress
Venerate Hustle Bump, Crowd, Elbow, Force, Hasten,
Hooilwinh Bamboozle, Beguile, Cheat, Con, Hurry, Jostle, Move, Nudge, Push, Rush,
Delude, Diddle, Dupe, Fool, Gull, Kid, Shove, Thrust
Mislead, Swindle, Trick Hypnotise Beguile, Bewitch, Captivate,
Hooh Catch, Engage, Ensnare, Entrap, Snare, Charm, Dazzle, Engage, Enrapture,
Trap Enthral, Entrance, Fascinate, Magnetise,
HornÍy Affright, Alarm, Appal, Disgust, Mesmerise, Rivet, Spellbind, Tiansfix
Frighten, Nauseate, Outrage, Penify,
Repel, Shock, Sicken, Terriry, Tèrrorise
Host Entertain
Houni Badgea Bait, Besiege, Bombard, Buþ
Goad, Harass, Harry, Hassle, Hunt, Nag,
Persecute, Pester, Pursue, Vex
House Accommodate, Safeguard, Shelter,
Shield
Hug Caress, Clinch, Cuddle, Embrace,
Encircle, Enclose, Encompass, Enfold,
Envelop, Enwrap, Fondle; Hold, Press,
Squeeze, Surround
Humble Chasten, Crush, Debase, Deflate,
Degrade, Demean, Demote, Disgrace;
Downgrade, Efface, Humiliate, Lower,
Reduce, Shame, Snub, Subdue

70 7L
 Idolße Adore, Admire, Adorn, Adulate,
Beatify, Deiþ, Enshrine, Exalt, Glorify,
Praise, Revere, Sanctify, Treasure,
Venerate, Worship
lgnite Awaken, Brigþten, Enkindle, Fire, Irflame,
Inspire, Kindle, Lighr, Spadq Trigger
lgnore Boycott, Disobey, Disregard, Exclude,
Neglect, Omit, Overlook, Reject, Snub,
Spurn
lmbue Drench, Fill, lnfuse, Saturate
lmitøte Ape, Caricature, Copy, Emulate,
Mimic, Mirror, Parody, Parrot
Immobilise Arrest, Cripple, Disable, Freeze,
Halt, Inactivate, Incapacitate, Numb,
Paralyse, Petrifla Pinion, Stop, Stun
Immolate Burn, Incinerate
Immortalße Beatify, Cherish, Consecrate,
Conserve, Deifu, Enshrine, Tieasure
lmpaír Abuse, Aggravate, Blemish, Blight,
Cloud, Contaminate, Comrpt, Cripple,
Damage, Debase, Deface, Defile, Deform,
Demoralise, Deplete, Deprive, Derange,
Disable, Hamper, Handicap, Harm,
Hinder, Hurt, Injure, Maim, Mar, Maul,
Modify, Retard, Ruin, Sap, Spoil, Taint,
Warp, Weaken
Impale Execute, Knife, Lance, Pierce, Prick,
Puncture, Skewer, Spike, Stab
lmpassion Arouse, Enrage, Excite, Heat,
Inflame, Inspirit, Rouse, Stimulate, Sti¡
Warm
lmpeach Accuse, Blame, Charge, Denounce,
Disparage, Indict
Impede Ban, Bar, Block, Burden, Clog,
Cramp, Curb, Delay, Deter, Discourage,
Disrupt, Encumber, Halt, Hamper,
I
I 73
I

i
 i

Impugn Abuse, Accosr, Assail, Assault,

HandicaP, Hinder, Inconvenience,
Attack, Berate, Blacken, Blast, Censure,
lntercept, Interdict, lntermpt, Obstruct,
Slander
Oppress, Overload, Postpone, Restrain,
Inactívate Freeze, Immobilise, Numb, Stop
Restrict, Retard, Saddle, Stop, Stultify'
Incagncitnte Break, Cripple, Debilitate,
Thwart, Trammel
Deprive, Devitalise, Disable, Drain,
Impel Activate, Agitâte, Animate, Compel,
Enervate, Enfeeble, Exhaust, Fatigue,
Drive, Exhort, ExPeI, Force, Goad,
lmmobilise, Paraþe, Restrict, Sabotage,
lncite, Induce, InsPire, lnstigate'
Sap, Tire, Unnerve, Weaken
Motivate, Move, Persuade, Press'
lncarcerate Cage, lmpound, Imprison,
Pressurise, Prod, Prompt, Propel, Push,
Restrain, Restrict
Rouse, SPur, Stimulate, Urge
Incense Antagonise, Enrage, Exasperate,
Impenl Compromise, Endanger, Jeopardise,
Inflame, lnfuriate, Madden, Outrage, Vex
Risk, Threaten
Incinerate Burn, Destro¡ lmmolate
Imphcate Compromise, Disturb, Embroil,
Encumber, Endangeq Enmesh, Ensnare'
lncße Cleave, Cut, Gash, Gouge, Lacerate,
Slash, Slit, Split, Tear, Wound
Entangle, lncriminate, lnvolve, Snare,
Trammel, fÏaP
Incite Agitate, Animate, Arouse, Awaken,
Beget, Call, Embolden, Encourage,
Implore Beg, Beseech, Entreat, Petition,
Enkindle, Enrage, Excite, Exhort, Fuel,
Press, Solicit
Galvanise, Generate, Goad, Hurry Impel,
hnportwrc Beg, Entreat, Press, Solicit
Induce, Inflame, lnfluence, lnspire,
Impound Imprison, Incarcerate, Restrain,
Inspirit, lnstigate, Invigorate, Kindle,
Restrict
Motivate, Persuade, Prod, Propel,
Impowrish Break, Cripple, Debilitate,
Provoke, Quicken, Rally, Rouse, Spark,
Deplete, DePrive, Diminish, Drain,
Spur, Stimulate, Stir, Urge
Emasculate, Enervate, Exhaust, Reduce,
Incluile Encompass, Enjoin, Incorporate,
Ruin, SaP, Weaken
Integrate, lnvolve
Impregnte n'ill, infiltrate, Penetrate,
Inconveniance Bother, Burden, Encumber,
Permeate, RaPe
Hamper, Handicap, Hinder, Impede,
Impress Amaze, Arrest, Attract, Dazzle,
Overload, Retard, Saddle, Tiammel
Interest, Move, Touch
I
Incorporate Absorb, Embrace, Encompass,
Impnson Cage, Detain, Hold, ImPound'
Enjoin, lnclude, lntegrate, Join, Subsume
lncarcerate, Restrain, TraP
I
Incriminate Accuse, Blame, Charge,
Improte Aid, Amend, Assist, Better, Beautify,
ll
Implicate, Involve
,i
Boost, Civilise, Coach, Correct,
Cultivate, Cure, Develop, Edify, Educate,
Indict Accuse, Arraign, Attack, Ban, Blame,
Charge, Denounce, Impeach, Prohibit,
Elevate, Emend, Enlighten, Exercise,
Prosecute
Guide, Modify, Nurture, Polish, Refine' r-,l^-t-i-ãt^ (-nnditinn
Í!-ain.,,ach l-^¡¡h
Induce Allure, Attract, Beguile, Bribe, lnhibit Block, Constrain, Cramp, Curb,
Ensnare, Entice, Entrap, lmpel, Incite, Detain, Discourage, Forbid, Frustrate,
Lure, Motivate, Persuade, Seduce, Tempt Obstruct, Prohibit, Restrain, Stop
Induct Initiate Initiate Activate, Admit, Induct
lndulge Appease, Favour, Gratify, Humour, Injure Abuse, Batter, Break, Bruise, Cripple,
Molþoddle, Pamper, Placate, please, Damage, Deface, Harm, Hurt, Impai¡
Pleasure, Regale, Rewa¡d, Satisfy, Spoil, Insult, Maltreat, Mar, Mistreat, Ruin,
Tolerate Spoil, Weaken, Wound, Wrong
Inebriøte Intoxicate, Snrpe$a Unbalance, Unhinge lnoculate Prorect, Safeguard
lnfect Blight, Contaminate, Comrpt, Excite, Inspect Frisk, Investigate, Scrutinise, Search
Influence, Poison, Pollute, Taint lnspire Animate, Arouse, Awaken, Brighten,
lnfest Attack, Invade, Overload, Overwhelm, Cheer, Embolden, Encourage, Enhearten,
Penetrate, Swamp Enkindle, Enliven, Excite, Exhilarate,
Infilnøte Impregnate, Invade, penetrate, Fire, Galvanise, Generate, Hearten,
Permeate Heat, Ignite, Impel, lncite, Inflame,
lnfløme Aggravate,,A.gitate, Animate, Arouse, Influence, Inspirit, Invigorate, Kindle,
Awaken, Embolden, Encourage, Motivate, Propel, Provoke, Rall¡ Rouse,
Enkindle, Enrage, Excite, Exhilarate, Spark, Spur, Stimulate, Srir, Vitalise
Fire, Fuel, Generate, Hearten, Ignite, hrspirit Activate, Animate, Assure, Brighten,
lmpassion, Incense, Incite, Infuriate, Cheer, Electrifr, Embolden, Encourage,
Inspire, Inspirit, Intoxicate, Invigorate, Energise, Enheanen, Enliven, Excite,
Kindle, Light, Madden, Nerve, Rouse, Exhilarate, Fire, Galvanise, Hearten, Heat,
Stimulate, Stir, Stoke, Strengthen, Vitalise Impassion, Incite, Inflame, Inspire,
Inflate Aggrandise, Augment, Boosr, Distend, Invigorate, Motivate, Nerve, Raise, Raþ
Expand, Swell Reassure, Regenerate, Revive, Rouse,
Influence Affect, Encourage, Fascinate, Goad, Stimulate, Stir, Snengthen, Uplift, Vitalise
Guide, Incite, Infect, Inspire, Manage, lnstruct Advise, Apprise, Bid, Civilise, Coach,
Manipulate, Motivate, Operate, Command, Compel, Counsel, Cultivate,
Permeate, Steer, Tempt, Urge, Work Deveþ, Discipline, Drill, Edi&/, Educate,
Inform, I Acquaint, Advise, Apprise, Brief, Elevate, Enlighten, Familiarise, Groom,
Civilise, Counsel, Edify, Educate, Elevate, Guide, Inform, Lectute, Order, School,
Enlighten, Guide, Instruct, Notify Teach, Train, Tt.tor
Inform,2 Coach, Cultivate, Debrief, htsulate Protect, Safeguard
Discipline, Drill, Influence, Insrrucr, Insult Abuse, Affront, Antagonise, Bruise,
Nurture, School, Tèach, Train, Tutor Curse, Cuss, Degrade, Denigrate, Hurt,
Infurute Enrage, Exasperate, Fire, Incense, Injure, Jeer, Mock, Offend, Outrage,
Inflame, Madden, OuEage, Rile, Rouse, Vex Slander, Slight, Snub, Täunt, Wound
lnfuse Drench, Imbue, Saturate, Soak, Insure Protect, Safeguard
Suffuse hstigate Activate, Energise, Impel, lncire,
lnhøbit Occupy, Possess Motivate, Prompt, Quicken, Stimulate
 lntercept Block, Deflect, Divert, Impede, Inflame, Inspire, Inspirit, Intoxicate,
Obstruct, Stop Jolt,
Kindle, Motivate, Nerve, promote,
lnterdht Ban, Banish, Bar, Block, Forbid,
Quicken, Reassure, Refresh, Regenerate,
Impede, Frohibit, Restricr, Srop Rejuvenate, Revive, Rouse, Shock,
Interest Affect, Arm, Arouse, Divert, Engage, Stiffen, Stimulate, Stir, Strengthen,
Engross, Fascinate, Generate, Impress, Susrain, Uplift, Vitalise
Intrigue, Involve Invite Attract, Beckon, Welcome
Interrogøte Catechise, Challenge, Invohe Address, Conjure, petition, Summon
Crosrexamine, Grill, Interview, probe, Involye Admit, Embroil, Encompass,
Pump, euestion, euiz Encumber, Engage, Engross, Engulf,
Intewiew C¡oss--examine, Interrogate, Enmesh, Ensnare, Entangle, Entrance,

r
Question, Quiz Grip, Implicate, Include, Incorporate,
Interrupt Disrupt, Impede Incriminate, Interest, preoccupy
Integrate Include, Incorporate lrh Aggravate, Anno¡ Antagonise, Bait,
lntímifute Blackmail, Brutalise, Bully Chide, Bedevil, Displease, Irritate, Needìe,
Deter, Disheanen, Dispirit, Frighten, Peeve, pester, plague, provoke, Rile,
Harass, Hector, Henpeck, Menace, Repress, Ruffle, Vex, Weary
Tèrrorise, Threaten, Torment, Tyrannise lrritate Aggravate, Annoy, Antagonise, Bait,
Intoxícate Arouse, Excite, Exhilarate, Fuddle, Bedevil, Exasperate, Harass, lrk, Madden,
Inebriate, Inflame, Invigorate, Unbalance Nag, Nark, Needle, Nettle, Niggle, peeve,
Intrigue Arouse, Attract, Captivate, Charm, Pester, plague, provoke, Rattle, Rile,
Entertain, Enthral, Fascinate, Generate, Tèase, Torment, Vex
InteresL Rivet lsorûte (PL) Detach, Disconnecr, Maroon,
lnunilate Swamp Segregate, Separate
Inure Fortifi, Harden, Reinforce, Strengthen
bwade Assail, Assauh, Attaclç Infest" Infikrate,
Penerate, permeaæ, Raid, Ravage
lnvølülate Cancel, Debilitate, Disable,
Negate, Nullify, Override, Ovemrle,
Revoke, Undercut, Wèaken
lnveigle Allure, Beguile, Cajole, Charm,
Coax, Con, Court, Decoy, Entice, Entrap,
Flatter, Lure
Intestigate Analyse, Cross--examine, Inspect,
Probe, Question, Scrutinisè
Itwigorate Acdvate, Animate, Arouse, Boost,
Brighten, Cheer, Electrifr, Embolden,
Encourage, Energise, Enkindle, Enliven,
Excite, Exhilarate, Fire, Fonify, Freshen,
Galvanise, Generate, Hearten, Incite,

78
79
Jqb Bump, Dig, Elbow, Flick, Knock, Nudge,
Poke, Prod, Punch, Touch
Jade Devitalise, Disappoint, Drain, Enervate,
Enfeeble, Exhausr, Farigue, Sap, Tire,
Weary
Jeer Abuse, Bait, Heckle, Hector, Insult, Jibe,
Mock, Pester, Ridicule, Taunt
Jeopardise Imperil, Threaten, Tèrrorise
libe Heckle, Jeer, Ridicule, Tarnish, Taunt
Jilt Abandon, Betray, Desert, Ditch, Drop,
Forsake, Leave, Reject, Relinquish
Join (PL) Aþ Entwine, Fuse, Incorporate,
Link, Marr)¡, Match
lolly Cheer, Gladden, Hearten
Jolt Amaze, Astonish, Electrify, Excite, Fire,
Galvanise, Invigorate, Rouse, Shake,
Shock, Startle, Stimulate, Stir
Jostle Bump, Crowd, Elbow, Hustle, Nudge,
Push, Shove
Iuilge, I
Analyse, Appraise, Consider, Gauge,
Measure
Juilge, 2 Adjudicate, Arbitrate, Assess,
Referee, Try, Umpire
Jamble Agitate, Befuddle, Confuse, Faze,
Muddle, Perplex

ø 8i
}(ich Boot
Kid Beguile, Delude, Fool, Gull, Hoax,
Hoodwink, Mock, Ridicule, Tease, Täck
Kitnap Abduct, Capture, Hijack, Seize
Kill Annihilate, Butcher, Destroy, Eliminate,
Eradicate, Execute, Exterminate, Lynch,
Murdeq Sacrifice, Slay, Terminate, Zap
Kndle Arouse, Awaken, Bu¡n, Enkindle,
Excite, Fire, Generate, Ignite, Incite,
Inflame, Inspire, lnvigorate, Light,
Rekindle, Spark, Stoke, Waken
Kiss Brush, Caress, Peck, Touch
I<nife Cut, Gouge, Impale, Pierce, Skewer,
Slash, Slit, Stab, Wound
Kníght Compliment, Dignify, Recognise,
Reward, Salute
Rnoch, I Attack, Bang, Beat, Bump, Clobber,
Cudgel, Cuff, Defame, Demolish, Elbow,
Flatten, Hammer, Hit, Jab, lambast,
Nudge, Punch, Push, Rap, Shove, Slug,
Sock, Wallop
Rnoch,2 Abuse, Attack, Belittle, Berate,
Censure, Criticise, Rebuff, Slander

83
Label Class, Mark
Lacerate Cleave, Cut, Gash, Gouge, Hack,
Incise, Rip, Slash, SIit, Tear, Wound
Lanúast Beat, Berate, Bludgeon, Castigate,
Censure, Clobber, Flog, Knock, Rebuke,
Reprimand, Scold, Sock, Whack
Lampoon Satirise
Lønce Cut, Impale, Pierce
7 Attack, Batter, Beat, Flagellate, FIog,
Løsh,
Harangue, Strike, Tân, Whip
Losh,2 Secure, Strap, Tie
Laud Acclaim, Admire, Adulate, Applaud,
Compliment, Emblazon, Extol, Glorify,
Praise, Revere, Tïumpet
Launch Fire, Galvanise, Propel, Shoot
Lead Accompany, Conduct, Direct, Escort,
Govern, Guide, Motivate, Precede,
Shepherd, Steer, Usher
Leave Abandon, Desert, Discard, Drop,
Flee, Forsake, Jilt, Relinquish,
Renounce
Lecfitre, I Censure, Chide, Harangue,
Reprimand, Reprove, Scold, Tutor
Lecfiire,2 Instruct, Tèach
Legitimise Authorise
Lessen Alleviate, Calm, Deprive, Diminish,
Lower, Reduce, Subordinate, Weaken
Lnel Balance, Ground, Smooth, Steady
Liberate Absolve, Acquit, Deliver,
Demobilise, Discharge, Disencumber,
Disengage, Disentangle, Disenthrall,
Emancipate, Enfranchise, Exculpate,
Exonerate, Free, Pardon, Redeem,
Release, Rescue, Save, Spare, Unburden,
Unchain, Unfetter, Unshackle, Unleash,
Untie

85
 License Authorise, Commission, Empower,
Enable, Entitle, permit, eualify, Sanction,
Warrant
Lich Caress
Lift Boosr, Elevate, Encourage, Exalr, Madien Annoy, Enrage, Incense, lnflame,
Exhilarate, Hearren, Heighten, Hoist, Infuriate, lrritate, Outrage, Provoke,
Lighten, Raise, Revive, Swell, Uplift Unhinge, Upset
Light Enliven, Fire, lgnite, Inflame, Kindle, Magnetise Attract, Hypnotise, Lure,
Tiigger Mesmerise, Pull, Rivet
Lighten Allay, Alleviare, Assuage, Calm, Maim Cripple, Damage, Disable, Impai¡
Cheer, Clear, Disburden, Ease, Gladden, Mangle, Mar, Wound
Hearten, Lift, Relax, Relieve, Soothe, Malign Abuse, Attack, Blacken, Defame,
Tianquillise Slander
Limit Categorise, Confine, Cramp, Maltreat Abuse, Aggravate, Damage, Harm,
Demarcate, Hamper, Handicap, Hedge, Hurt, Injure, Mishandle, Mistreat,
Restrict Misuse, Molest, Persecute, Torment,
Linh (PL) Ennvine, Join Wound, Wrong

r
Lobby Pressurise Mønacle Chain, Confrne, Encumbe¡ Enslave,
Locøte Orientate,Place Fetter, Hold, Pinion, Shackle
Loch Chain, Secure, Tie Mønøge Conduct, Control, Direct, Govern,
Lodge Accommodate, Wedge Guide, lnfluence, Manipulate,
Lower Cheapen, Debase, Diminish, Manoeuwe, Operate, Organise, Police,
Downgrade, Efface, Humble, Lessen, Steer, Work
Reduce, Subordinate Møngle Butcher, Cripple, Crush, Destroy,
Lull Allay, Assuage, Calm, Cradle, Hush, Distort, Maim, Maul, Mutilate, Wreck
Paci$r, Quell, Quieten, Relieve, Settle, Mønhandle Abuse, Molest
Silence, Soothe, Tianquillise Manipulnte, I Fondle, Massage, Maul, Touch
Lure Allure, Attracl Bait, Beckon, Beguile, Manipuløte,2 Control, Engineer, Exploit,
Cajole, Con, Ensna¡e, Entice, Ennap, Influence, Manage, Manoeuwe, Operate,
Induce, Inveigle, Magnetise, Seduce, Steer, Täck, Work
Tèmpt Manoeuvre Conduct, Control, Direct,
Lynch Execute, Kill, Murder Engineer, Guide, Manage, Manipulate,
Navigate, Steer
Mør Abuse, Blight, Blemish, Damage, Deface,
Harm, Hinder, Hurt, lmpair, Injure,
Maim, Scar, Spoil, Taint, Tarnish
Mørh,7 Label
Mørh,2 Brand, Scar
Marry Espouse, Join, Wed
Møroon Desert, lsolate
86 87
Møsh Crush, Mince, Squash Misjudge Underestimate
Massacre Annihilate, Butcher, Exterminate, Misleail Beguile, Bluff, Deceive, Delude,
Slaughter Fool, Gull, Hoax, Hoodwink, Misdirect,
Massage Caress, Curb, Manipulate, Mould, Misguide, Pervert, Täck
Relax, Rub, Stroke, Touch Mistreat Abuse, Brutalise, Damage, Harm,
Master Command, Control, Dominate, Hurt, Injure, Maltreat, Mishandle,
Govern, Overpower, Overcome, Repress, Misuse, Molest
Rule, Subdue, Vanquish Misuse Abuse, Appropriate, Exploit, Filch,
Match Equal,Join, Parry Maltreat, Mistreat, Pervert, Use
Mature Sophisticate Mob Assault, Charge, Overwhelm, Pursue
Maul Attack, Batter, Beat, Fondle, Gouge, Mobílise Activate, Animate
Grope, lmpair, Mangle, Manipulate, Moch Deride, Insult, JeeE Kid, Pan,
Savage, Wound Patronise, Ridicule, Satirise, Shame,
Measure Appraise, Assess, Calculate, Slight, Taunt, Tease
Corsider, Contemplate, Estimate, Moderate Control, Correct, Curb, Regulate,
Evaluate, Gauge, Judge, Weigh Temper, Weaken
Mediate Adjudicate, Arbitrate, Umpire Modífy Affect, Alter, Amend, Contort, lmpair,
Mellow Subdue lmprove, Pervert, Reform, Twist, Warp,
Melt Defrost, Disarm, Dissolve, Warm Weaken
Menace Affright, Alarm, Bully, Frighten, Molest Abuse, Afflict, Assault, Debauch,
lntimidate, Scare, Têrrorise, Threaten Deflower, Harm, Maltreat, Manhandle,
Mend Amend, Better, Cure, Fix, Heal, Misûeat, Persecute, Rape
Reassemble, Regenerate, Remedy, Repair, Mollify Appease, Assuage, Calm, Comfort,
Restore, Tieat Conciliate, Content, Disburden, Ease,
Mesmerße Beguile, Bewitch, Captivate, Humour, Hush, Pacify, Placate,
Charm, Compel, Enamour, Enchanr, Propitiate, Quell, Quieten, Relax, Soothe,
Engage, Enrapture, Enthral, Entrance, S'u/eeten, Tèmper
Fascinate, Fixate, Grip, Hypnotise, Mollycoddle Coddle, Cosset, lndulge,
Magnetise, Spellbind, Tiansfi.x Pamper, Pet, Spoil
Milh Deflate, Drain, Exhaust Monitor Gauge
Mimic Caricature, Cop¡ Emulate, Imirare, Monopolise Corner, Dominate, Engross, Hog
Parody, Parrot Mornfy Distress
Mince Mash, Pulverise Motívøte Activate, Animate, Compel, Direct,
Mirror Ape, Copy, Echo, Imitate, parrot, Drive, Electriþ, Encourage, Energise,
Reflect Enliven, Excite, Fire, Galvanise, Goad,
Misdvect Deflecr, Misguide, Mislead Impel, Incite, Induce, Influence, Inspire,
Misnnploy Abuse Inspirit, Insrigate, Invigorate, Lead, Prod,
Misguide Bluff, Deceive, Delude, Misdirect, Provoke, Push, Quicken, Spur, Stimulate,
Mislead Urge, Vitalise
Mishøndle Maltreat, Mistrear Mother Father, Foster, Nurture, Parent
88 89
Mould Discipline, Educate, Massage, Sculpt,
Shape
Mote, 1 Animate, Arouse, Galvanise,
Generate, Hustle, lmpel, Impress, Propel,
Pull, Stimulate, Stir, Tug Nab Arrest, Capture, Ensnare, Neq Nick,
Mote,2 Affect, Influence, Touch Pluck, Snatch
Muâille Befuddle, Bemuse, Cloud, Confound, Nøg Annoy, Badger, Besiege, Browbeat, Bully
Confuse, Derange, Distract, Disturb, Chastise, Chide, Criticise, llarass, Harryr,
Embroil, Entangle, Faze, Jumble, Hassle, Hectoq Henpeck, Hound, lrritate,
Perplex, Perturb, Tiouble Nark, Needle, Nettle, Niggle, Pester, Plague,
MuffIe Cover, Cushion, Deaden, Gag, Mute, Provoke, Ruffle, Scold, Torment, Ve:r
Muzzle, Quieten, Repress, Smothe¡ NailArrest, Capture, Catch, Seize
Silence, Strangle, Stifle, Suppress, Wrap Name Address, Baptise, CalI, Class
Mug Assault, Attack, Rob Nørh Aggravate, Annoy, Antagonise, Bait,
Murder Annihilate, Destroy, Eliminate, Irritate, Nag, Needle, Rile, Upset, Vex
Execute, Kill, Lynch, Slaughter, Slay, Nøuseate Disgust, Horrifr Offend, Repel,
TÞrminate Repulse, Sicken
Mute Cover, Dampen, Hush, Gag, Muffle, Naligate Direct, Manoeuwe, Steer, Usher
Muzzle, Silence, Stifle, Stop Needle, Aggravate, Annoy, Bait, Harass, lrk,
Mutilate Butcher, Cripple, Damage, Deform, lrritate, Nag, Nark, Nettle, Niggle, Pester,
Dismember, Hack, Mangle Púck, Prod, Provoke, Rile, Ruffle,
Muzzle Curb, Gag, Hush, Muffle, Mure Sting, Taunt, Tease
Quieten, Silence, Stifle, Stop, Suppress Negate Annihilate, Confute, Contradict,
Mystify Amaze, Astonish, Baffle, Bamboozle, Invalidate, Nullify, Prohibit
Befuddle, Bewilder, Confound, Confuse, Neglect Avoid, Desert, Disregard, lgnore,
Enchant, Faze, Perplex, Puzzle,stump Rebuff
Neme Animate, Embolden, Encourage,
Hearten, In{lame, lnspirit, lnvigorate,
Reassure, Rouse, Stimulate, Stir,
Strengthen, Vitalise
Net Capture, Ensnare, Entangle, Enûap,
Nab, Trap
Nettle Aggmvate, Anno¡ lrritate, Nag,
Needle, Plague, Ruffle, Vex
Neutralise Ground, Normalise
Nibble Nip, Peck
Nicl¿, I Chip, Cut, Damage, Scratch, Wound
Nich,2 Arrest, Capture, Nab
Nícl¿,3 Steal, Filch, Pinch, Pilfer, Purloin,
Swipe

90 9t
 Niggle Annoy, Fuss, Hassle, Henpeck,
Irrihte, Nag, Needle, pester, Wnrry
Nip Bite, Nibble, pinch
Nominnte Appoint, Assign, Choose,
Designate, pick, Select
Obey Abide, Oblige, Serve
Normalise Demobilise, Neutralise,
Obligøte Commit, Compel, Constrain,
Regularise, Subilise
Enforce, Engage, Excise, Force, Oblige
Notch Cut, Chip
Notit Oblige,I Accommodate, Favour, Obe¡
Advise, Alert, lnform, Warn
Pledge, Serve
Nourish Boost, Comfort, Encourage, Feed,
Oblige,2 Compel, Enforce, Obligate
Foster, Nurse, Nurture, Support, Sustain,
Obliterate Annihilate, Cancel, Censor,
Wean
Demolish, Destroy, Efface, Eradicate,
Nudge Bump, Crowd, Elbow, Hustle,Jab,
Expunge, Exterminate, Extirpate, Raze,
Jostle, Knock, poke, prod, push, Remind, Submerge
Shoulder, Shove
Obscure Cloud, Dim, Eclþe, Extinguish,
Nullify Abolish, Annihilate, Defear, Destro¡
Overshadow, Shroud, Veil
Foil, Invalidate, Negate, Renounce,
Observe Study
Rescind
Obstruct Arrest, Bar, Barricade, Block,
Numb Anaesthetise, Arrest, Chill, Deaden,
Burden, Choke, Clog, Confront, Cutb,
Dull, Freeze, Immobilise, Inactivate,
Debar, Deflect, Deter, Discourage, Divert,
Paraþe, Stultify, Stun, Stupefy
Encumber, Exclude, Halt, Hamper,
Nurse Aid, Assist, Boost, Encourage, Foster,
Handicap, Hinder, Impede, Inhibit,
Help, Nourish, Nurrure, Support
lntercept, Parry, Prohibit, Retard, Resist,
Nurture, I Cultivate, Edibr, Ed.ucate, Elevate,
Stop, Stultify, Thwart, Tiammel
Encourage, Enlighten, Fosteq Groom,
Obøin Enlist, Possess
Guide, Improve, Inform, School, Sustain,
Occnpy Engage, Engross, Hold, Inhabit,
Tèach, Train, Uplift Preoccupy, Retain
Nurture,2 Bolster, Cherish, Feed, Fuel,
Offend Bruise, Disgust, Displease, Insult,
Mother, Nourish, Nurse, Raise, Rear,
Nauseate, Outrage, Repel, Repulse,
Strengthen, Support, Sustain, Strengthen,
Sicken, Slight, Snub, Upset
Touch, Wean
Operate Guide, lnfluence, Manage,
Nuzzle Caress, Embrace
Manipulate, Steer, Work
Oppose Challenge, Contradict, Discourage,
Rebuff
Oppress Afflict, Bully, Burden, Clog, Cramp,
Crush, Curb, Depress, Discourage,
Dishearten, Dispirit, Encumber, Hamper,
Harass, Harry, Hinder, Impede, Overload,
Overpower, Overwhelm, Persecute,
Plague, Repress, Saddle, Squeeze, Stress,
92
93
 Subdue, Suppress, Terrorise, Trammel, Overload Burden, Clog, Encumber, Hampe¡
Trample, Tyrannise, Victimise Handicap, Hinder, Impede,
Ordain Anoint, Appoint, Commission, Inconvenience, Infest, Oppress, Retard,
Consecrate, Honour Saddle, Trammel
Oriler Classify, Command, Control, Govern, Owrlooh Disregard, Ignore, Snub
Instruct, Police, Regulate Overmaster Capture, Conquer, Crush,
Organise Control, Manage Dominate, Domineer, Overpower,
Orientnte Direct, Locate, Place Suppress, Vanquish
Ornament Adorn, Beautify, Bedeck, Deck, Oterpower Conquer, Crush, Dazzle, Defeat,
Decorate, Emblazon, Enrich, Festoon Dominate, Domineer, Master, Oppress,
Ostracise Avoid, Banish, Boycott, Exclude, Overmaster, Overwhelm, Quash, Quell,
Exile, Expel, Prohibit, Shun, Snub Repress, Suppress, Vanquish
Oust Banish, Depose, Discard, Discha¡ge, Override Displace, lnvalidate
Dislodge, Dismiss, Dispossess, Eject, Overnile Invalidate,Revoke
Evacuate, Exile, Expel, Fire, Sack Overshaàow Eclipse, Obscure, Shroud
Outbíd Outdo Overthrow Abolish, Conquer, Crush, Defeat,
i
L
Outdo Better, Defeat, Eclipse, Exceed, Demolish, Depose, Dethrone, Overturn,
l, Outbid, Outwit, Outshine, Outsmart, Topple
Surpass, Top, Transcend, Trump Oyerturn Demolish, Overthrow,
r1
Outlaw Ban, Banish, Condemn, Exclude, Revolutionise
Forbid, Prohibit Overwhelm Beat, Conquer, Consume, Crush,
Outrøge Affront, Antagonise, Disgust, Dazzle, Defeat, Deluge, Engulf, Envelop,
Enrage, Horrify, Incense, Infuriare, Infest, Mob, Oppress, Overcome,
lnsult, Madden, Offend, Scandalise, Overpower, Quash, Subdue, Submerge,
:,il Shock, Slander Swamp, Vanquish
Outrun Dodge, Elude, Escape, Evade, Flee, Own Appropriate, Claim, Possess
Shun, Sidestep
Outshine Eclþe, Exceed, Outdo, Surpass,
Tôp, Tianscend
Ì Outsmart Better, Outdo, Outwit, Top, Tiap,
.,|
Täp, ïiump
t'

I
Outstrip Beat, Better
.1
Outwit Baffle, Beat, Cheat, Confound,
l:
Delude, Dupe, Elude, Foil, FooI, Gull,
li
Hoax, Outdo, Outsmart; Stump, Thwart,
l Top, Trap, Täck, Iäp, Trump
rl
ri
Overcome Conquer, Master, Overwhelm,
i
Prostrate, Repress, Surmount
ri Overhaul Repair, Resrore
;l

94 95

,l
 Allay, Appease, Assuage, Calm,
Comfort, Conciliate, Disburden, Ease,
Lull, Molliþ, Placate, Propitiate, Quell,
Quieten, Reconcile, Relax, Relieve, Satisfy,
Settle, Soothe, Sweeten, TÌanquillise
Pamper Cosset, Favour, Humour, Indulge,
Moþcoddle, Pet, Spoil, Treat
Pan Criticise, Dispraise, Mock, Scorn
Pøníc Agitate, Alarm, Fluster, Frighten,
Scare, Têrrify, Unnerve
Parøþse Anaesthetise, Arrest, Benumb,
Cripple, Deaden, Debilitate, Devitalise,
Disable, Enervate, Enfeeble, Freeze, Halt,
lmmobilise, Incapacitate, Numb, Petrify,
Sap, Stun, Tenify, Transfix, Unnerve
Pardon Absolve, Acquit, Discharge,
Exculpate, Excuse, Exonetate, Forgive,
Free, Liberate
Parent Father, Mother
Paroþ Caricature, Imitate, Mimic, Satirise
Pawot Ape, Copy, Echo, Imiúte, Mimic, Mirror
Parry Avert, Avoid, Beg, Evade, Foil, Forestall,
March, Obstruct, Resist, Stall, Thwan
Pat Caress, Dab, Fondle, Paw, Stroke, Tap,
Touch
Patronise, I Abet, Advocate, Befriend,
Champion, Encourage, Favour, Forward,
Further, Heþ, Promote, Protect, Push,
Support
Pøtronise, 2 Belittle, Degrade, Mock
Pøw Caress, Fondle, Maul, Pat, Stroke, Touch
Pay Recompense, Remunerate, Reward
Pech Flick, Kiss, Nibble, Touch
Peel Ftay, Skin
Peøte Anno¡ lrk, Irritate
Peg Fix, Pin, Secure
97
Pelt Assail, Batter, Beat, Bombard, Pummel, Pester Aggravate, Anno¡ Badger, Bait,
Strike, Thrash, Throw, Wallop Bedevil, Besiege, Bother, Browbeat, Bulþ
Pen Circumscribe, Confine, Enclose Disturb, Fret, Harass, Harry, Hassle,
Penetrate Broach, Impregnate, Infest, Henpeck, Hound, Irk, Irritate, Jeer, Nag,
Inñltrate, Invade, Permeate, Pierce, Needle, Niggle, Plague, Taunt, Tease,
Prick, Probe, Ravage, Stab Torment, Trouble, Vex, Worry
Perfect Crown, Cultivate, Develop, Refine Pet Caress, Cherish, Cradle, Cuddle, Flatter,
Perforate Pierce, Prick, Puncture, Stab Fondle, Molþoddle, Pamper, Spoil,
Permeøte Assail, Impregnate, Infiltrate, Stroke, Treasure
lnfluence, Invade, Penet¡ate Petítton Entreat, lmplore, Invoke
Permit Accept, Admit, Approve, Authorise, Petrify, I Alarm, Anaesthetise, Frighten,
Empower, Enable, Endorse, Entitle, Horrify, Scare, Stun, Terrify, Tèrrorise
Licerse, Qualify, Sanction, Validate, Petrify, 2 Freeze, Immobilise, Paraþe,
Warrant Tiansfix
Perplex Baffle, Befuddle, Bemuse, Bewilder, Pich,7 Appoint, Choose, Designate, Elect,
Confound, Confuse, Daze, Disturb, Nominate, Select
Dumbfound, F aze, Floor, Flummox, Pich,2 Gouge, Pull, Scratch
Harass, Jumble, Mystifu, Muddle, Puzzle, Pierce Broach, Cut, Drill, Impale, Knife,
Stump, Trouble lance, Penetrate, Perforate, Prick,
Persecute Abuse, Afflict, Attack, Badger, Bait, Puncture, Slit, Skewer, Spike, Stab
Bully, Harass, Harry, Hound, Maltreat, Pigeonhole Box, Constrain, Limit, Trap
Molest, Oppress, Plague, Pursue, Pilfer Filch, Nick, Purloin, Rob, Steal
Torment, Törture, Tyrannise, Vex, Pilløge Despoil, Rob, Sack
Victimise, Wory Pimp Prostitute, Sell
Persuaàe Allure, Assure, Cajole, Coax, Pin Affix, Fix, Peg, Secure
Convince, Encourage, Entice, Exhort, Pinch, 7 Filch, Nick, Pwloin, Rob, Steal, Swipe
Goad, Impel, Incite, Induce, Press, Prod, Pinch,2 Nip, Squeeze
Rouse, Urge, Win Pinion Bind, Chain, Confine, Enslave,
Perturb Agitate, Alarm, Bother, Concern, Fetter, Immobilise, Manacle, Shackle, Tie
Confuse, Derange, Discomfit, Placate Allay, Appease, Assuage, Calm,
Discomfort, Discompose, Disconcert, Conciliate, Content, Induþ, Mollift
Displease, Disquiet, Disturb, Faze, Pacifi, Please, Propitiate, Reconcile,
Fluster, Fret, Muddle, RufIIe, Tiouble, Satisfy, Soothe
Unnerve, Unsettle, Upset, Vex, Worry Plsce Accommodate,Allocate, Locate,
Perttse Examine, Study Orientate
Pewert Abuse, Bend, Contort, Comrpt, Plague Annoy, Badger, Bedevil, Besiege, Bug,
Debase, Debauch, Deform, Degrade, Curse, Cuss, Disturb, Harass, Harry,
Dehumanise, Deprave, Derange, Desecrate, Hassle, Hector,Irk, Irritate, Nag, Nettle,
Deviate, Distort, Mislead, Misuse, Modi$, Oppress, Persecute, Pester, Terrorise,
Tiansform, lrrn, Tvist, Warp Tormenq Trouble, Vex, Weary Wory

98 99
 Plant Embed, Ground, Root
Press, I Agitate, Compel, Constrain, Dab,
Please Amuse, Cha¡m, Cheer, Content, Force, Goad, Hasten, Impel, Implore,
Delight, Gladden, Gratify, Induþ, Importune, Persuade, Pressure,
Placate, Pleasure, Satis$r
Pressurise, Push, Quicken, Rush, Urge
Pleasure Delight, Grati$, Indulge, please Press,2 Clasp, Crush, Embrace, Hug,
Pledge Commir, Oblige Squash, Squeeze
Plueh Abduct, Capture, Catch, Clutch, Grab, Pressure Cqjole, Force, Goad, Press, Pressurise
Hijack, Nab, Remove, Seize, Snatch Pressurise Brutalise, Bulldoze, Constrain,
Pluniler Appropriate, Demolish, Destroy, Enforce, Force, lmpel, Lobby, Press,
Devastate, Ransack, Ravage, Rob, Shatter,
Pressure, Push, Stress
Wreck Prich Cut, lmpale, Needle, Penetrate,
Plunge Douse, Drown Perforate, Pierce, Puncture, Scratch,
Poison Alienate, Befoul, Contaminate, Spike, Sting
Comrpt, Disaffect, Embitter, Envenom, Prime Arm, Brief, Groom, Prepare, Season
Infect, Pollute, Sour, Taint, Vitiate Prize Award, Cherish, Enshrine, Honour,
Pohe Jab, Nudge, Probe, prod, push, Shove, Revere, Tieasure, Value, Venerate
Taunt, Tease Probe Cross-examine, Dissect, Interrogate,
Police Manage, Order, Regulate, Restrain,
Investþte, Penetrate, Poke, Prod,
Rule, Safeguard
Pump, Query Question, Scrutinise,
Polßh Civilise, Cultivate, Emend, Improve, Search, Test
Refrne
Process Absorb, Digest
Pollute Adulterate, Befoul, Besmea¡ Proclaim Glorify, Emblazon, Extol, Tiumpet
Contaminate, Comrpt, Debase, Debauch, Procure Attain, Enlist, Recruit
Defile, Dirty, Dishonour, Infecr, poison, Proil" 7 Dig, Elboq Goad,Jab, Nudge, Poke,
Smear, Soil, Spoil, Stain, Taint, Violate
Probe, Push, Remind, Shove, Sting
Possess Contain, Control, Hold, Inhabit, Prod,2 Arouse, Encourage, Goad, lmpel,
Obtain, Own, Seize
Incite, Motivate, Needle, Persuade,
Postpone Delay, Impede
Shove, Spur, Stimulate, Urge
Pound Bang, Batter, Beat, Hammer, pulverise,
Profurc Curse, Desecrate, Violate
Slug, Squash, Wallop
Prohibit Ban, Baq Block, Boycon, Censor,
Praise Acclaim, Admire, Applaud, Bless, Debar, Deter, Disallow, Disquali$r,
Commend, Compliment, Congratulate, Discourage, Exclude, Forbid, Indict,
Emblazon, Exalt, Extol, Glorify, Hail, Inhibit, Interdict, Negare, Obsuuct,
Hallow, Honour, ldolise, [aud, Reward.,
Osracise, Outlaq Restrain, Restrict, Stop
Salute, Thank, Toast, Ttumpet Progrømme Control
Precede Guide, Lead Promote Abet, Aggrandise, Assist, Back, Boost,
Preocanpy Bemuse, Engulf, Hold, Involve, Champion, Commend, Elevate, Encourage,
Occupy E:ølt, Favour, Forwarù Furthea Heþ,
Prepare Adapt, Arm, Brief, Coach, Equip, Invigorate, Pauonise, Provoke, Push, Raise,
Groom, Warn
Spur, Support, Upgrade

i00
101
 Prompt Activate, Advise, Cue, Generate, Puncture Deflate, Impale, Perforate, Pierce,
Goad, Impel, Instþte, Remind, Spu¡ Prick, Sub
Srimulare, Tägger Punish Afflict, Avenge, Castigate, Chastise,
Propel Drive, Expel, Fling, Goad, Impel, Condemn, Demote, Discipline, Reprove,
Incite, Inspire, I-aunch, Move, push, Torture
Slam, Sling, Stimulate, Throw, Thrust Purge Absolve, Exonerate, Purify
Propitiate Appease, Conciliate, Mollify, Punfu Absolve, Cleanse, Exonerate, Purge,
Paciff, Placate, Reconcile, Soothe Redeem, Refrne, Sanctify, Sanitise
Prosecute Accuse, Charge, Enforce, Indict Purloin Appropriate, Filch, Nick, Pilfer,
Prostitute Auction, Hawk, pimp, Sell Pinch, Rob, Steal, Swipe
Prostrate Conquer, Overcome Pursue Chase, Court, Desire, Entice, Follow,
Protect Arm, Barricade, Chaperone, Cushion, Harry, Hound, Hunt, Mob, Persecute,
Defend, Fortify, Guard, Harbou¡ Romance, Stalk, Study, Track, Woo
Inoculate, Insulate, Insure, patronise, Push, I Bump, Crowd, Drive, Elbow, Force,
Safeguard, Screen, Secure, Shield, Hurry', Hustle, Jostle, Knock, Nudge,
Strengthen, Support, Wrap Poke, Press, Pressurise, Prod, Propel,
Prwohe, I Abet" Aftonq Aggravate, Annoy, Quicken, Shoulder, Shove, Spur, Thrust
Antagonise, Bait, Beget, Dare, De$r, Enrage, Push,2 Champion, Forward, Further, Goad,
E>rasperate, Fan, Fire, Fret, Galvanise, Hasten, lmpel, Motivate, Patronise,
Generate, Flarass, Hector, Incite, Infuriate, Promote, Urge
Instigate, hk, Irritate, Madden, Motivate, Puzzle Baffle, Bamboozle, Befuddle, Bewilder,
Nag, Needle, Fromote, euicken, Täunt, Confound, Confuse, Daze, Derange,
Torment, higge., Waken, Vex Distract, Dumbfound, Elude, Faze, Floor,
Protohe,2 Arouse, Awaken, Enkindle, Flummox, Foil, Mystify, Perplex, Stump
Excite, Inspire, Kindle, Raise, Spark,
Spur, Stimulate, Stir, Tantalise, Tèase,
Tickle, Titillate, Viulise
Prune Cut
Pull AtEact, Beckon, Draw, Extract, Grab,
Magnetise, Move, pick, Tug, Wrench,
Wrest, Yank
Pulyeríse Beat, Break, Bruise, Crush, Demolish,
Mince, Pound, Shatter, Smash, Thrash
Pummel Bang, Batter, Beat, Hammer, pelt,
Thump, Wallop
Pump Cross-examine, Interrogate, probe,
Question, Quiz
Punch fusault, Bash, Bat, Beat, Flog,
Hammer, Hit,Jab, Knock, Slug, Smack,
Strike, Thump, Wallop

102 r03
Quølify Authorise, Certifu, Enable, Entitle,
License, Permit
Quash Beat, Crush, Defeat, Demolish,
Destroy, Overpower, Overwhelm, Quell,
Repress, Squash, Suppress, Vanquish
Quelt Calm, Conquer, Deaden, Defeat,
Demolish, Destroy, Lull, Mollify,
Overpower, Pacify, Quash, Quieten,
Repress, Silence, Soothe, Stifle, Subdue,
Subjugate, Suppress, Vanquish
Query Probe, Question
Question Catechise, Challenge, Conresr.,
Cross-examine, Grill, Interrogate,
lnterview, Investþte, Probe, Pump,
Query Quiz
Quichen Accelerate, Electrif¡ Energise,
Enliven, Excite, Exhilarate, Fire,
Galvanise, Generate, Goad, Hasten,
HrrrÍ Incite, Instigate, Invigorate,
Motivate, Press, Provoke, Push, Rouse,
Rush, Stimulate, Urge, Vitalise
Quieten Allay, Alleviate, A,ppease, Assuage,
Calm, Comfort, Curb, Deaden,
Disburden, Dull, Ease, Gag, Hush, LulI,
Mollifu, Muffle, Muzzle, Pacifu, Quell,
Relax, Settle, Silence, Soothe, Stifle, Still,
Suppress, Tianquillise
Qutz Catechise, Cross-examine, Grill,
Interrogate, lntervieq Pump, Question,
Test

t05
Rag Ridicule, Tease, Torment
Raid Assault, Attack, lnvade, Fansack, Seize
Røis¿, I Cultivate, Father, Foster, Nurture,
Rear
Raise, 2 Aggrandise, Animate, Boost,
Brighten, Elate, Elevate, Ennoble, Exalt,
Excite, Exhilarate, Generate, Hearten,
Heighten, Hoist, lnspirit, Lift, Promote,
Reinforce, Strengthen, Swell, Uphold,
Uplift, Upraise
Rcise,3 Conjure,Summon
Rølþ,7 Animate, Cheer, Embolden,
Encourage, Enthuse, Exhort, Hearten,
Incite, lnspire, Inspirit, Reassure, Rouse,
Stimulate, Strengthen
Rally, 2 Assemble, Congregate, Conjoin,
Reassemble, Unify, Unite
Ram Attack, Charge, Strike, Wedge
Ranh Categorise, Class, Clâssify, Gauge, Grade,
Rate, Value
Rønhle Aggravate
Rønsach Despoil, Fleece, Plunder, Raid, Rob,
Strip
Rap Bat, Flick, Hit, Knock, SlaP, SPank,
Strike, Swat, Thump
Rape Assault, Debauch, Deflower, Despoil,
lmpregnate, Molest, Ravish, Violate
Rate Class, Classi$', Gauge, Grade, Rank, Value
RatiÍy Affi.rm, Approve, Authorise, Back,
Champion, Endorse, Favou¡
Recommend, Sanction, Support
Røtion Restrain, Restrict
Rattle Agitate, Annoy, Disconcert, Disturb,
Fluster, lrritate, Shake, Unsettle
Røvage Demolish, Despoil, Destroy Devasute,
Invade, Penehate, Plunder, Shatter, Wreck

107
i

I Debauch, Deflower, Rape, Violate,

Ravish,
Reconcile(PL) Appease, Content, Harmonlse,
Wreck
Heal, Pacify, Placate, Propitiate
Røvish,2 Captivate, Charm, Enchant, Recondition Repair, Restore
Enrapture, Entrance, Transport
Reconstitute Reconstruct, Restore
Raze Annihilate, Bulldoze, Cancel, Cut, Reconstruct Reassemble, Rebuild, Recapture,
Demolish, Destroy, Devastate, Efface,
Reconstitute, Reform, Regain, Rehabilitate,
Eradicate, Flatten, Obliterate
Renew, Restore, Revolutionise, Salvage
Reach Access, Attain Recruit Employ, Engage, Enlist, Procure
Read Compute, Examine, Scan, Study Reilean, I Rescue, Restore
Rear Cultivate, Develop, Father, Foster, Redeem,2 Absolve, Deliver, Discharge,
Nurture, Raise
Disentangle, Free, Liberate, Purify
Reassemble, I Mend, Rebuild, Reconstruct,
Rescue, Restore, Save, Unburden, Untie
Repair, Restore
Redirect Deflect,Divert
Reasssmble,2 Rally
Reduce, I
Break, Deaden, Debase, Debilitate,
Reassure Assure, Bolster, Cheer, Comfon,
Degrade, Demote, Deplete, Deprive,
Console, Embolden, Encourage, Fortify,
Devalue, Diminlsh, Disable, Drain,
Hearten, Inspirit, Invigorate, Nerve,
Enervate, Exhaust, Humble, Impoverish,
Rally, Settle, Srimulate, Strengthen,
Lessen, Salvage, Sap, Starve, Subjugate,
Sustain
Subordinate, Vanquish, Weaken
Rebuff Chide, Condemn, Defeat, Deflect, Reduce,2 Lessen, Lower
Discourage, Knock, Neglect, Oppose,
Referee Adjudicate, Arbitrate, Judge, Umpire
Reject, Repel, Reprimand, Resist,
Refine Civilise, Complete, Cultivate,
Sidesrep, Snub, Spurn
Develop, Educate, Elevate, Improve,
Rebuilil Reassemble, Reconsrrucr, Restore Perfect, Polish, Purify
Rebuhe Abuse, Admonish, Berate, Castigate,
Reflect Ape, Copy, Mirror
Censure, Chastise, Chide, Disclaim,
Reform Alter, Amend, Better, Change, Correct,
Lambast, Reprehend, Reprimand,
Improve, Modiff, Reconstnrct, Regenerate,
Reproach, Reprove, Scold
Rehabilitate, Repair, Restore, Tiansform
Recapfure Rerieve, Reclaim, Regain
Refresh Aid, Cheer, Energise, Enliven,
Receive Accept, Acknowledge, Admit, Adopt,
Exhilarate, Freshen, lnvigorate,
Embrace, Greet, Wblcome
Regenerate, Reinvigorate, Rejuvenate,
Reclaim Appropriate, Recapture, Regain,
Reviulise, Revive, Stimulate, Titivate
Restore, Retrieve, Salvage
Refuse Debar, Decline, Deny, Exclude, Reject,
Recognße Acknowledge, Admit, Apprehend,
Repel, Repudiate, Spurn
Greet, Salute
Regain Recapture, Reclaim, Retrieve
Recommend. Affi.rm, Aver, Back, Commend,
Regale Amuse, Divert, Entertain, Indulge
Conñrm, Endorse, Favour, Ratifu, Regcncrale Cure, Energise, Heal, lnspirit,
Sancdon, Support, Sustain, Warrant
lnvigorate, Mend, Reform, Refresh,
Recompanse Compensate, pay, Remunerate,
Rejuvenate, Remedy, Restore, Revive,
Reward
Stimulate, Uplift
108
109
Regulate Balance, Ground, Moderate, Relish Savour
Normalise, Order, Police, Regularise, Remedy Aid, Alleviate, Cure, Heal, Help,
Settle, Stabilise Improve, Mend, Regenerate, Tieat
Regular'tse Demobilise, Normalise, Regulate Remind Nudge, Prod, Prompt
Rehøbilitate Reconstruct, Reform, Reinvigorate, Remodel Adapt, Alter
Renew, Renovate, Restitute, Restore Remove Dislodge, Dismiss, Eject, Eradicate,
Reinforce Augment" Boost, Bolster,Brace, Fortift Evacuate, Excise, Exterminate, Fire
Flarrden, Improve, Inure, Raise, Replenish, Renew Reconstruct, Rehabilitate, Renovate,
Secure, Snrengttren, Support, Toughen Restitute, Restore, Replenish
Retuwigorøte Refresh, Rehabilitate, Renounce Abandon, Abjure, Discard,
Stengthen Disclaim, Forsake, Leave, Nullify, Reject,
Reject Abandon, Banish, Betray, Boycott, Relinquish, Repudiate, Revoke, Sacrifi ce,
Deþ, Desert, Discard, Disclaim, Disown, Spurn, Surrender
Disregard, Ditch, Divorce, Drop, Dump, Renovate Rehabilitate, Renew, Restore, Revive
Eject, Eliminate, Exclude, Expel, Ignore, Renumerate Pay, Recompense, Reward
Jilt, Rebuff, Refuse, Renounce, Repair Fix, Heal, Mend, Overhaul,
Repudiate, Scorn, Spurn Reassemble, Recondition, Reform, Restore
Rejuvmøte Refresh, Regenerate, Invigorate, Repel Antagonise, Deflect, Disgust, Horrify,
Strengthen Nauseate, Offend, Rebuff, Refuse,
Rehindle Kindle, Revive Repulse, Resist, Sicken
Relax Allay, Alleviate, Appease, Assuage, Replenish Cure, Fill, Reinforce, Renew,
Calm, Comfort, Disburden, Ease, Lighten, Restore, Satiate, Saturate, Stuff
Massage, Mollifi, Paciþ, Quieten, Relieve, Reprehanil Berate, Blame, Castigate, Chastise,
Settle, Soothe, Tianquillise Chide, Rebuke, Reprove
Release Absolve, Acquit, Deliver, Discharge, Reptress Bu\ Confine, Conquer, Crush,
Disencumber, Disengage, Disentangle, Curb, Discourage, Dishearten, Dominate,

r
Disenthrall, Emancipate, Enfranchise, Gag, Intimidate, Master, Muffle, Oppress,
Exonerate, Free, bberate, Relieve, Overcome, Overpower, Quash, Quell,
Rescue, Unbridle, Unburden, Unchain, Restrain, Silence, Smother, Squash, Stifle,
Undo, Undo, Unfasten, Unfetter, Stop, Still, Stulti$, Suangle, Subdue,
Unhook, Unshackle, Untie Subjugate, Suppress, Tyrannise
Reliæe Aid, Allay, Alleviate, Appease, Assist, Reprfunanil Admonish, Berate, Castigate,
Assuage, Clear, Comfort, Console, Cure, Censure, Chide, Correct, lambast,
Cushion, Disburden, Disencumber, Dis- Lecture, Rebuff, Rebuke, Reproach, Scold
entangle, Ease, Free, Heþ, Lighten, Lull, Rqroach Admonish, Berate, Blame,
Paci$4 Relax, Release, Rescue, Settle, Spare, Castþte, Chide, Disparage, Rebuke,
Succour, Unburden, Unfasten, Untie Reprimand, Scold
Relinquish Abandon, Deserr, Discard, Repnove Admonish, Castigate, Caution,
Forsake, Jilt, Leave, Renounce, Censure, Chide, Condemn, Correct,
Surrender, Yield Lecture, Punish, Rebuke, Reprehend, Scold

tr0 111
 Reguløte Balance, Ground, Moderate, R¿lish Savour
Normalise, Order, police, Regularise, R" Aid, Alleviate, Cure, Heal, Help,
Settle, Stabilise "dy
Improve, Mend, Regenerate, Tieat
Regularße Demobilise, Normalise, Regulate Remind Nudge, Prod, Prompt
Rehabilitate Reconsrrucq Reform, Reinvigorate, Remodel Adapt, Alter
Renev¿ Renovate, Restitute, Restore Remove Dislodge, Dismiss, Eject, Eradicate,
ReínJorce Augmenq Boost, Bolster, Brace, Forti$4 Evacuate, Excise, Exterminate, Fire
llarden, Improve, Inurr, Raise, Replenish, Ranew Reconstruct, Rehabilitate, Renovate,
Secure, Strengthen, Support, Tougþen Restitute, Restore, Replenish
Reinvigorate Refresh, Rehabilitate, Renounce Abandon, Abjure, Discard,
Strengthen Disclaim, Forsake, Leave, Nullif¡ Reject,
Reject Abandon, Banish, Betra¡ Boycott, Relinquish, Repudiate, Revoke, Sacrifi ce,
Defi, Desert, Discard, Disclaim, Disown, Spurn, Surrender
Disregard, Ditch, Divorce, Drop, Dump, Renovate Rehabilitate, Renew, Restore, Revive
Eject, Eliminate, Exclude, Expel, Ignore, Renumerate Pay, Recompense, Reward
Jilt, Rebuff, Refuse, Renounce, Repair Fix, Heal, Mend, Overhaul,
Repudiate, Scorn, Spurn Reassemble, Recondition, Reform, Restore
Rejuvenøte Refresh, Regenerate, Invigorate, Repel Antagonise, Deflect, Disgust, Honify,
Strengthen Nauseate, Offend, Rebuff, Refuse,
Rehindle Kindle, Revive Repulse, Resist, Sicken
Relax Allay, Alleviate, Appease, Assuage, Replenish Cure, Fill, Reinforce, Reneq
Calm, Comfort, Disburden, Ease, Lighten, Restore, Satiate, Saturate, Stuff
Massage, Mollifi, pacift euieten, Relieve, Reprehand Berate, Blame, Castigate, Chastise,
Settle, Soothe, Tianquillise Chide, Rebuke, Reprove
Releøse Absolve, Acquit, Deliver, Dischaqge, Repress Bully, Confrne, Conquer, Crush,
Disencumber, Disengage, Disentangle, Curb, Discourage, Dishearten, Dominate,
Disenthrall, Emancipate, Enfranchise, Gag, lntimidate, Master, Muffle, Oppress,
Exonerate, Free, Liberate, Relieve, Overcome, Overpower, Quash, Quell,
Rescue, Unbridle, Unburden, Unchain, Restrain, Silence, Smother, Squash, Stifle,
Undo, Undo, Unfasten, Unfetter, Stop, Still, Stultify, Strangle, Subdue,
Unhook, Unshackle, Untie Subjugate, Suppress, Tyrannise
Relieve Aid, Allay Alleviare, Appease, Assist, Rqrímøni Admonish, Berate, Castigate,
Assuage, Clear, Comfort, Console, Cure, Censure, Chide, Correct, Lambast,
Cushion, Disburden, Disencumber, Dis_ Lecture, Rebuff, Rebuke, Reproach, Scold
entangle, Ease, Free, Heþ, Lighten, Lull, Reproach Admonish, Berate, Blame,
Paciût Reläx, Release, Rescue, Settle, Spare, Castþte, Chide, Disparage, Rebuke,
Succour, Unburden, Unfasten, Untie Reprimand, Scold
Relinquish Abandon, Deserr, Discard, Reprove Admonish, Castigate, Caution,
Forsake, Jilt, Leave, Renounce, Censure, Chide, Condemn, Correct,
Surrender, yield Iæcture, Punish, Rebuke, Reprehend, Scold

110 IlI
 ¡i
t:
I
t:.
)
,
Repudiøte Disown, Disregard, Refuse, Reject, Retard Clog, Encumber, Hamper, Handicap,
. Renounce, Spurn, Surrender Hinder, Impair, Impede, Inconvenience,
Repulse Disgust, Nauseate, Offend, Repel, Obstruct, Overload, Saddle, Tiammel
Sicken Retrirw Recapture, Reclaim, Regain
Requßition Appropriate Revere Admire, Adore, Adulate, Beatify, Deify,
Rescue Deliver, Disencumber, Disenthrall, Drgnify, Esteem, Glorif¡ Honour, Idolise,
Emancipate, Free, Liberate, Redeem, Laud, Prize, Respect, Tleasure, Venerate,
Release, Relieve, Salvage, Save, Unburden Worship
Resist Challenge, Confront, Contradict, Ra¡ile Abuse, Denounce, Viliþ
Obstruct, Parry, Rebuff, Repel Ranitalise Exhilarate, Freshen, Hearten,
Respect Admire, Esteem, Honour, Revere, Refresh, Restore, Resuscitate, Revive,
Value, Venerate Titivate
Restítute Compensare, Rehabilitate, Renew, Revive Aid, Animate, Arouse, Awaken,
Restore Charge, Cheer, Comfort, Encourage,
Restore Aid, Alleviate, Assist, Cure, Enliven, Enliven, Freshen, Generate, Hearten,
Freshen, Heal, Help, Mend, Overhaul, lnspirit, Invigorate, Lift, Refresh,
Rebuild, Reclaim, Recondition, Regenerate, Rekindle, Renovate, Restore,
Reconstruct, Reconstitute, Redeem, Resuscitate, Revitalise, Rouse, Titivate
Reform, Regenerate, Rehabilitate, Renew, Revohe Invalidate, Oyerrule, Renounce
,l
Renovate, Repair, Replenish, Restitute, Revolutionise Overturn, Reconstruct,
' Revitalise, Revive, Salvage, Smengthen Transform
li
Restrain Arrest, Bind, Block, Categorise, Rætøril Award, Boost, Compensate, Crown,
Censor, Chain, Confine, Constrain, Enrich, Favour, Honour, Indulge, Pay,
Control, Cramp, Curb, Deþ Encumber, Praise, Recompense, Remunerate, Thank
i
Fetter, Gag, Halt, Hamper, Hinder, Ridicule Deride, Heckle, Humiliate, Jeer, Jibe,
tii.
lll
Inhibit, Impede, Impound, Imprison, Kid, Mock, Rag, Scorn, Shame, Taunt,
11i
Incarcerate, Police, prohibit, Ration, ïèase
il Repress, Restrict, Stifle, Stop, Subdue, Rile Aggravate, Annoy, Fret, Infuriate, Irk,
ilt
Suppress, Tie, Tighten, Trammel Irritate, Nark, Needle, Vex
ilil
Restríct Ban, Bar, Bind, Block, Categorise, Rinse Bathe, Cleanse

iit
tii
Chain, Confine, Constrain, Constict, Rip Cut, lacerate, Slash, Slit, Split, Têar
ïr
Cramp, Curb, Debilitate, Detain, Disable, Rival Challenge
Encumber, Enervate, Enfeeble, Fetter, RivetAttract, Captivate, Engross, Enthrall,
,ii Flamper, Handicap, Hinder, lmpede, Fascinate, Hypnotise, Intrigue, Magnetise
lt,

lli
Impound, Incapaciute, Incarcerate, Rob Cheat, Defraud, Deprive, Despoil, Filch,
lilr
Interrdict, Limit, Prohibit, Ration, Resrain, Fleece, Mug, Pilfer, Pillage, Pinch,
!lli
Suppress, Tie, Tiammel, Weaken Plunder, Purloin, Ransack, Sack, Steal,
ït Resuscitate Revitalise, Revive Swindle
Iir Retain, I Employ, Engage, Enlist, Occupy Roch,7 Disturb, Undermine, Wobble
ir
Retøin,2 Conserve, Detain, Hold, Save Rock,2 CaIm, Comfort, Cradle
li

lt
112 113
I
Romance Court, Pursue, Seduce, lùy'oo
Root Ancho¡ Embed, Ground, Plant,
Stabilise, Steady
Rouse ' Activate, Agitate, A,nimate, Arouse,
Awaken, Bestir, Boost, Brighten, Cheer, Sabotage Cripple, Damage, Disable, Disrupt,
Elate, Electrify, Elevate, Embolden, Incapacitate, Undercut, Undermine
Encourage, Energise, Enliven, Evoke, Sach, 1 Banish, Depose, Discard, Discharge,
Excite, Exhilarate, Fan, Fire, Freshen, Dislodge, Dismiss, Dispossess, Eject,
Galvanise, Generate, Hearten, Impassion, Fire, Oust, Suspend
Impel, Incite, Inflame, Infuriate, Inspire, Søch, 2 Devastate, Pillage, Plunder
lnspirit, lnvigorate, Jolt, Nerve, Sacrifice Kill, Renounce, Surrender
Persuade, Provoke, Quicken, Rall¡ Sadâen Depress, Dishearten, Dismay,
Revive, Shock, Spark, Stimulate, Stir, Dispirit, Distress
Strengthen, Thrill, Titivate, Uplift, Saddle Burden, Encumber, Hamper,
Vitalise, Waken Handicap, Hinder, lmpede,
Rout Cripple, Crush, Demolish, Destro¡ lnconvenience, Oppress, Overload,
Devastate, Finish, Ruin, Shatter Retard, Tiammel, Tiouble
Rub Buff, Caress, Massage, Scour, Suoke Safeguard Chaperone, Defend, Escort,
Ruffle Agitate, Annoy, Discomfit, Discomfort, Guard, lnoculate, Insulate, House,
Disturb, Dizzy, Fluster, Fret, Hassle, Irk, Insure, Police, Protect, Sanction, Secure,
Nag, Needle, Nettle, Perturb, Shake, Shelter, Shield, Support
Unsettle, Vex Salute Exalt, Greet, Hail, Honour, Knight,
Ruin Abuse, Batter, Cripple, Crush, Damage, Praise, Recognise, Signal, Trumpet
Deform, Demolish, Destroy, Devasrate, SøIvage Reclaim, Redeem, Rescue, Restore,
Finish, Impair, Impoverish, lnjure, Rout, Save
Shatter, Spoil, Wreck Sanctify Anoint, Beatify, Bless, Consecrate,
Rule Command, Conduct, Conquer, Direct, DeiS, Dignify, Glorify, Hallow, Idolise,
Dominate, Domineer, Govern, Guide, Purify
Master, Police, Subjugate, Tyrannise Sanction Affirm, Approve, Authorise,
Rumble Expose, Shatter, Strip, Unmask, Back, Condone, Delegate, Empower,
Unveil Enable, Endorse, Entitle, Favour,
Rush Goad, Hasten, Hurry, Hustle, Press, License, Permit, Ratify, Recommend,
Quicken, Urge Safeguard, Support, Warrant
Sanihse Censor, Purify
Sap Besiege, Debilitate, Demoralise, Deplete,
Devitalise, Dilute, Diminish, Disable,
Drain, Enervate, Enfeeble, Exhaust,
Fatigue, lmpair, Impoverish,
Incapacitate, Jade, Paralyse, Reduce, Tire,
Undermine, Unhinge, Weaken

114 l15
 Satiate Fill, Replenish, Satisfu, Saturare, Sruff Secure, I Affix, Anchor, Attain, Bind, Chain,
Satirße Caricature, lampoon, Mock, parody Fix, [ash, Lock, Peg, Pin, Reinforce,
Satis/y Appease, Assuage, Content, Fill,
Steady, Tie
GratiSr, Indulge, paciþ, placate, please,
Secure,2 Assure, Barricade, Defend, Fortify,
Satiate, Suffuse
Guard, Protect, Safeguard, Strengthen,
Saturate Drench, Imbue, Infuse, Replenish,
Support
Satiate, Soak, Suffuse
Second Abet, Assist, Back, Champion,
Søvage Assault, Attack, Damage, Maul
Support
Saye Aid, Assist, Liberate, Redeem, Rescue,
Sedtte CaIm, Ease, Settle, Sober, Tranquillise
Retain, Salvage, Spare
Seduce Allu¡e, Attract, Beguile, Bribe, Court,
Savour Relish
Delight, Ensnare, Entice, Entrap, Induce,
Scan Compute, Examine, Read, Study
Lure, Romance, Tèmpt, Titillate, furn,
Scandalise Disgust, Outrage, Shock
Violate
Scar Blemish, Mar, Mark
Segregøte Isolate,Separate
Scme Affright, Alarm, Frighten, Menace,
Saze Abduct, Anest, Captivate, Clasp,
Panic, petrify, Startle, Terrify, Jèrrorise
Clutch, Embrace, Grab, Grasp, Grip,
School Civilise, Coach, Cultivate, Develop,
Hijack, Kidnap, Nail, Pluck, Possess,
Direcr, Discþline, Drill, Edify, Educare,
Raid, Snare, Snatch
Elevate, Enlighten, Familiarise, Guide,
Select Appoint, Choose, Designate, Elect,
Improve, lndoctrinate, Inform, lnstruct,
Nominate, Pick
Nurture, Tèach, Tiain, Tìrtor
S¿ll Auction, Pimp, Prostitute
Scold Berate, Browbeat, Castigate, Censure,
Separate (PL) Cleave, Detach, Divide,
Chastise, Chicle, Criticise, Hector, Henpeck,
Isolate, Segregate, Split, Sunder
l¿mbast, l¡cture, Nag, Rebuke, Reprimand,
Sewe Aid, Assist, Attend, Follow, Help, Obey,
Reproach, Reprove
Oblige
Score Cut
Sever Amputate, Break, Cleave, Cut
:.
Scorn Defla Deride, pan, Reject, Ridicule,
I
Settle Allay, Assure, Balance, CaIn¡ Compose,
Shame, Spurn
Ease, Ground, Harmonise, Heal, Lull, Paci&,
Scour Rub
Quieten, Reassure, Regulate, Relax, Relieve,
Scourge Beat, Flog, Thrash, Torment,
Sedate, Soothe, Tranquillise
Torture, Whip
Shachle Bind, Confine, Encumber, Enslave,
Scratch Cut, Damage, Nick, pick, prick, Wound
Fetter, Hold, Manac1e, Pinion, Tie,
Screen Prorect, Shelter, Shield, Shroud
Tiammel
Scrub Cleanse, Wash
Shnhe Agitate, Beat, Jolt, Rattle, Ruffle,
Scrutinise Anaþe, Dissect, Examine,
Stir, Unnerve
Inspect, Investigate, probe, Study, Vet
Shame Debase, Debauch, Defame, Defile,
Sculpt Mould, Shape
Degrade, Demote, Devalue, Discomfit,
Search Frisk, Inspect, probe
Discompose, Disgrace, Dishonour,
Season Acclimatise, Accustom, Familiarise,
Embarrass, Expose, Humble, Humiliate,
Habituate, prime, Tèmper
Mock, Ridicule, Scorn, Taint
tt6
1I7
Shape Adapt, Condition, Convert, Educate, Silence Calm, Curb, Gag, Hush, Lull, Mufile,
Mould, Sculpt Mute, Muzzle, Quell, Quieten, Repress,
Shørpen Improve, Strengthen, Vitalise Stifle, Still, Stop, Subdue, Suppress, Throule
Shatter Batter, Blast, Break, Burst, Crack, Sinh Drown, Swamp
Crumble, Crush, Dash, Demolish, Shewer Impale, Knife, Pierce, Spike, Sub
Destroy, Devastate, Disunite, Fragment, Sl¡in Bamboozle, Expose, Fla¡ Fleece, Peel,
Plunder, Pulverise, Ravage, Rout, Ruin, Uncover
Smash, Splinter, Split, Wreck Slam Bang, Bash, Propel, Slap, Strike,
Shelter Accommodate, Defend, Guard, Thrash, Thump
House, Safeguard, Screen, Shield Slønder Abuse, Affront, Attack, Blacken,
Shepherd, Chaperone, Conduct, Connol, Defame, Discredit, Disparage, Impugn,
Guide, Lead, Steer lnsult, Knock, Malign, Outrage, Slight,
Shield Cove¡ Cushion, Defend, Guard, Taunt
Harbou¡ House, Protect, Safeguard, Slry Bang, Beat, Clobber, Flog, Hiq Rap,
Screen, Shelter Slam, Slug, Smack, Smite, Sock, Strike,
Shirh Avoid, Dodge, Elude, Escape, Evade, Wallop, Whack
Hedge Sldsh Chop, Cleave, Cut, Gash, Gouge,
Shoch Affright, Agiute, Amaze, Animate, Hack, Incise, Knife, Lacerate, Rip, Slit,
Appal, Astonish, Astound, Bewilder, Snike, Tear
Bump, Daze, Disgust, Disturb, Electrify, Sløughter Annihilate, Butcher, Crush,
Excite, Fire, Flabbergast, Frighten, Destroy, Exterminate, Massacre, Murder
Galvanise, Honify, Invigorate, Jolt, Sløy Annihilate, Butcher, Eliminate, Execute,
Outrage, Rouse, Scandalise, Startle, Kill, Liquidate, Murder, Terminate
Stimulate, Stir, Stun, Terrify, Thdll, Slight Affront, lnsult, Mock, Offend, Slander,
Tiaumatise, Unsettle Snub
Shoot Execute, Fire, Launch Sling Chuck, Fling, Propel, Throw
Shoulder Bear, Bump, Carry, Hold, Nudge, Sli¿ Cleave, Cut, Gash, Gouge, Incise, Knife,
Push, Support Lacerate, Pierce, Rip, Slash, Split, Têar,
Shove Bump, Crowd, Elbow, Hustle,Jostle, Wound
Knock, Nudge, Poke, Prod, Push Slug Bat, Batter, Beat, Belt, Clobber, Hit,
Shroud Dim, Eclipse, Enclose, Enfold, I(nock, Pound, Punch, Slap, Sock,
Envelop, Enwrap, Obscure, Overshadow, Spank, Thump, Wallop, Whack
Screen, Swathe, Veil, Wrap Smach Bang, Bat, Beat, Cþ, Clobber, Clout,
Shun Abandon, Avoid, Desert, Dodge, Elude, Cuff, Flog, Hit, Punch, Slap, Spank,
Escape, Evade, Ostracise Strike, Swat, Swipe, Thump, Whack
Sichm Appal, Disgust, Disown, Honify, Smash Batter, Break, Crush, Dash, Demolish,
Nauseate, Offend, Repel, Repulse, Weary Destroy, Devastate, Pulverise, Shatter
Sidestq Avoid, Dodge, Elude, Evade, Smear Besmear, Blacken, Contaminate,
Outrun, Rebuff Defile, Dirty, Foul, Pollute, Soil, Stain,
Signl Alarm, Alert, Beckon, Salute Taint

1I8 it9
Smite Batter, Belt, Cleave, Flog, Hit' Slap, Spøre ExemPt, Excuse, Relieve, Save
Sock, Swat, WalloP, Whack Sparh Animate, Arouse, Excite, Generate,
Smooth Calm, Ease, Humour, Level, Soothe,
lgnite, Incite, lnspire, Kindle' Provoke,
Rouse, Stimulate, Sti¡ Tägger
Tranquillise
Smother Choke, Coddle, Cosset' Deaden, Spettbind Beguile, Bewitch, Captivate'
Extinguish, Muffle, Repress, Strangle' Charm, Delight' Enamour, Enchant'
Stifle, Suffocate, SuPPress, Stifle, Engross, Enrapture, Enthrall, Enrance'
Strangle, Swathe GJp, HYPnotise, Mesmerise, Transñx
Snøp Break, Crack, FIiP Spthe Impale, Pierce, Prick, Skewer' Stab
iphnter Break, Crack, Crumble, Disunite'
Snøre Capture, Catch, Embroil, Enmesh,
Ensnare, Entangle, EntraP, Hook, Fracture, Fragment, Shatter, SPlit
Spht,7 Break, Burst, Crack, Crumble' Cut'
Implicate, Seize, Tiammel, TraP
Snatch Abduct, Capture, Catch, Clutch, Fracture, Fragment, Gouge, Incise' Rip'
Grab, Hijack, Nab, Pluck, Seize Shatter, Slit' SPlinter, Tear
Snub Abandon, Humble, Humiliate, lgnore, Split,2 (PL) Bisect, Cleave, Disunite' Divide'
Insult, Offend, Ostracise, Overlook, Sunder, SeParate
Rebuff, Slight Spoil, Conuminate, Damage' Deform'
1
Soah Douse, Drench, Infuse, Saturate lmpair, Injure, Mar, Pollute' Ruin' Taint
Sober Awaken, Calm, ComPose, Cool, Spoil, 2 Favour, lndulge, Mollycoddle'
Depress, Sedate, SteadY PamPer, Pet

Soch Batter, Beat, Beh, Box, Clobber, Cuff, Flog, Sponsor Back, SuPPort
Hammer, Hit, Iftrock, Lambast, Slap' SIug, Spooh Frighten, TerrifY
Smite, Spank, Seike, WalIoP, Whack fpu, Accelerate, Animate, Arouse, Assist'
Awaken, Boost, Drive, Encourage'
Soil Deñle, Dirty, Foul, Pollute, Smear, Stain'
Taint Energise, Forward, Further, Galvanise'

Beg, Beseech, Entreat, Implore, Generate, Goad, lmpel, lncite' Inspire'

Solicit
lmportune Motivate, Prod, Promote, PromPt'
Provoke, Push, Stimulate, Strengthen'
Soothe Allay, Alleviate, Appease' Assuage,
CaIm, Comfort, Compose, Conciliate, SuPPort, UPhold, Urge, Vitalise

Console, Disburden, Ease, Harmonise,

Heal, Hush, Lighten, Lull, Mollify, Pacify,
Placate, Propitiate, Quell, Quieten' Relax,
Spurn Banish, Desert' Discard, Disclaim'
Disregard', Drop, Eject, Exclude' Expel'
Ignore, Rebuff, Refuse, Reject, Renounce'
RePudiate, Scorn
E
Settle, Smooth, Stroke, Sweeten, Temper'
Tïanquillise Squash Bulldoze, Crush, Flatten, Mash'
Pound, Press' Quash, Repress, Squeeze'
Sophßtrcøte Better, Civilise, Groom, Mature
SuPPress, TiamPle
Sour Alienate,Disaffect,Disenchant,
Disillusion, Embitter, Envenom, Poison Squeeze Clasp, Clinch, Cuddle, Embrace'
Hug, OPPress, Pinch, Press, Squash
Spanh Bang, Beat, Flagellate, Hammer, Rap,
Slug, Smack, Sock, StraP' Strike, Tan, Stab Impale, Knife, Penet¡ate' Perforate'
Pierce, Puncture, Skewer, Spike, Wound
Thrash, Thwack, WätloP, Whack, WhiP
l2t
120
Stabilße Anchor, Assure, Balance, Normalise, Provoke, Quicken, Rally, Reassure,
Regulate, Root, Steady, Support Refresh, Regenerate, Rouse, Shock,
Stagger Amaze, Astonish, Astound, Daze, Spark, Spur, Startle, Stir, Stoke, Thrill,
Dumbfound, Flabbergast, Stun, Surprise Tickle, Titillate, Urge, Vitalise, Waken
Stain Besmear, Blacken, Contaminate, Defile, Súíng Cut, Goad, Hurt, Needle, Prick, Prod,
Dirry Foul, Pollute, Smear, Soil, Taint Wbund
Stalh Chase, Follow, Hunt, pursue Stir Activate, Affect, Agitate, Amaze, Arouse,
Stall Divert, Evade, Halt, parry, Stop Astound, Awaken, Cheer, Churn,
Startle Agitate, Alarm, Amaze,Astonish, Disturb, Electrify, Embolden, Encourage,
Confound, Daze, Electrify, Excite, Energise, Galvanise, Generate, Hearten,
Frighten, Galvanise, Jolt, Scare, Shock, Heat, Impassion, Incite, lnflame, lnspire,
Stimulate, Stir, Surprise, Thill Inspirit, Invigorate, Jolt, Move, Nerve,
Stame Reduce, Weaken Provoke, Rouse, Shake, Shock, Spark,
Steady Balance, Ground, Level, Root, Secure, Startle, Stimulate, Stoke, Stump, Thrill,
Sober, Stabilise, Support Touch, Vitalise, Waken
Steal Appropriate, Despoil, Filch, Hijack, Stohe Cajole, Encourage, Excite, Fire, Fuel,
Nick, Pilfer, Pinch, Purloin, Rob, Swipe lnflame, Kindle, Stimulate, Stir, Stump
Steel Harden, Stiffen, Toughen Stomach Abide, Suffer, Tolerate
Steer Direct, Dominate, Govern, Guide, Stone Execute, Strike
Influence, Lead, Manage, Manipulate, Stop Apprehend, Arrest, Ban, Bar, Block,
Manoeuwe, Navigate, Operate, Check, Constrain, Deflect, Detain,
Shepherd, Usher Forestall, HaIt, Hold, Immobilise,
Stiffen Embolden, Harden, Invigorate, Steel Impede, lnactivate, Inhibit, lntercept,
Stifle Choke, Crub, Cushion, Deaden, Gag lnterdict, Mute, Muzzle, Obstruct,
Hush, Muffle Mure, Muzzle, Quell, euieten, Prohibit, Repress, Restrain, Silence, Stall,
Repress, Res¡zin, Silence, Smother, Still, Stifle, Thwart
Sop, Snangle, Subdue, Suppress, Thottle Storm Assault,.{ttack
Still Allay, Alleviate, Appease, Assuage, Calm, Strøngle Choke, Extinguish, Mufile, Repress,
Curb, Disburden, Quieten, Repress, Stifle, Smother, Sufiocate, Suppress, Throttle
Silence, Suppress, Stifle Strap Beat, Birch, Cane, Castigate, Flagellate,
Stimuløte Accelemte, Activate, Agitate, Flog, Lash, Spank, Tan, Thrash, Tie,
Amazq Animate, Arouse, Astonish, Whip, Yoke
Awaken, Boost, Brighten, Cheer, Drive, Strengthen Abet, Aid, Arm, Assist, Augment,
Electrify, Embolden, Encourage, Bolster, Boost, Brace, Chee¡ Comfort,
Energise, Enliven, Excite; Exhilarate, Concentrate, Corroborate, Elevate,
Fan, Fire, Freshen, Galvanise, Generate, Embolden, Encourage, Exalt, Excite,
Goad, Hearten, Heat, Impassion, Impel, Favour, Feed, Fire, Fortifu, Forward,
Incite, Inflame, Inspire, Inspirit, Fuel, Further, Harden, Hearten,
Insrigate, lnvigorate, Joh, Motivate, Heighten, Help, Improve, lnflame,
Move, Nerve, Prod, Prompt, propel, Inspirit, Inure, Invigorate, Nerve,

122 è "" L23

 Nurture, Protect, Raise, Rally, Reassure, Subjugate Bind, Capture, Conquer,
Reinforce, Reinvigorate, Rejuvenate, Discipline, Quell, Reduce, Repress, Rule,
Restore, Rouse, Secure, Sharpen, Spur, Subdue, Suppress, Tame
Succour, Support, Sustain, Swell, Submerge Bury Drown, Obliterate,
Toughen, Urge, Vitalise Overwhelm, Suppress, Swamp
Str¿ss Oppress, Pressurise Subordinøte Devalue, Lessen, Lower, Reduce
Strihe Assauh, Astound, Attack, Bang, Bar, Subsume Contain, Cover, Encompass, Hold,
Batter, Bang, Beat, Break, Bump, Charge, Include, Incorporate
Clobber, Crown, Cuff, Cut, Dash, Succour Abet, Aid, Assist, Back, Encourage,
Hammer, Hit, [-ash, Pelt, Punch, Ram, Forward, Further, Help, Nurse, Relieve,
Rap, Slam, Slap, Slash, Slug, Smack, Strengthen, Support, Sustain
Sock, Spank, Stone, Stun, Swat, Swipe, Suffer Abide, Bear, Endure, Tolerate,
Tap, Thrash, Thump, Thwack, Wallop, Stomach, Weather
Whack, Wound Suffocate Choke, Smother, Strangle
St ipBelt, Expose, Fleece, Ransack, Uncover, Suffise Fill, Infuse, Satisfy, Saturare
Undress, Unmask Summon Beckon, Call, Conjure, Evoke,
Strohe Brush, Caress, Fondle, Massage, Pat, Raise, Invoke
Paw, Pet, Rub, Soothe, Touch Swder (PL) Bisect, Cleave, Divide, Separate,
Stuily Analyse, Compure, Dissect, Examine, Split
Observe, Peruse, Pursue, Read, Scrutinise Support, I Abet, Affirm, Aid, Assist, Authorise,
Stuff Fill, Replenish, Satiate Aver, Back, Bear, Befriend, Bolster, Boost,
Stultify Frustrate, Hampe4 Impede, Numb, Brace, Carry, Champion, Commend,
Obstruct, Repress, Suppress, Thwart, Wedge Condone, Corroborate, Defend, Encourage,
Sump Bafile, Befuddle, Bewilder, Block, Endorse, Endure, Espouse, Favour, Foni&,
Confound, Conñse, Dumbfound, Elude, Foster, Forward; Further, Heþ, Nourish,
Floor, Flummox, Foil, Forestall, Mytti$¡ Nurse, Nurnrre, Patronise, Protect, Promote,
Outwit, Perplor, Pvzzle,Stir, Stoke, Thwart Rati$r, Recommend, Reinforce, gfeguard,
Stun Aûuze, Arrest, Astonish, Astound, Sanction, Second, Secure, Sporsor, Spur,
Bemuse, Bewilder, Confound Daze, Dumb- Stabilise, Steady Strengthen, Succour,
found, Flabbergast, Fteeze, Immobifise, Sustain, Upgrade, Uphold, Vindicare,
Numb, Paralyse, Petrifi, Shock, Stagger, Warr¿nt
Suike, Stupefu Surprise, Wind Support,2 Bear, Carry, Cradle, Hold,
Snryefy Amaze, Astonish, Astound, Bemuse, Shoulder
Bewilder, Daze, Dazzle. Inebriate, Numb, Supryress Arrest, Ban, Crush, Curb, Deaden,
Stun Demolish, Discourage, Exinguish, Gag,
Subdue Break, Control, Curb, Crush, Hush, Mufl.e, Muzzle, Oppress, Overmâster,
Humble, Hush, Master, Mellow, Oppress, Overpower, Quash, Quell, Quieten, Reprers,
OVerwhelm, Pacify, Quell, Quieten, Restrain, Restrict, Silence, Smother, Sqrræh,
Repress, Restrain, Silence, Stifle, Stifle, Still, Suangle, St"tti& Submerge,
Subjugate, Suppress SuMue, Subjugate, Throttle, grannise

t24 c_I25
Surmount Overcome
Surpass Better, Ecþse, Exceed, Outdo,
Outshine, Top, Transcend
Surrender Abandon, Forsake, Relinquish,
Renounce, Repudiate, Sacrifice, Yield Tacl?le Attack, Broach, Challenge, Confront
Surprise Amaze, Ambush, Astonish, Tøg Classify
Astound, Bewilder, Confound, Daze, Taint Adulterate, Besmear, Blacken, Blemish,
FLabbergast, Sugger, Startle, Stun Blight, Contaminate, Comrpt, Damage,
Surround Besiege, Circle, Circumscribe, Debase, Defile, Dirt¡ Disgrace,
Contain, Encircle, Enclose, Encompass, Dishonour, Foul, Impai¡ Infect, Mar,
Enfold, Envelop, Hug, Wrap Poison, Pollute, Shame, Smear, Soil,
Suspend,I Dangle Spoil, Stain
Suspend,2 Depose, Sack Tame Discipline, Subjugate, Têmper
Sustain Assist, Augment, Back, BeaE Bolster, Tøn Beat, Birch, Cane, Castigate, Flagellate,
Cheer, Comfort, Embolden, Encourage, Flog, Lash, t-aud, Spank, Strap, Thrash,
Endorse, Feed, Fortify, Foster, Fuel, Whip
Hearten, Invigorate, Nourish, Nurture, Tantalise Fascinate, Provoke, Taunt, Tèase,
Reassure, Recommend, Strengthen, Titillate
Succou¡ Support, Wean Tap Dab, Flick, Pat, Srrike, Touch
Swamp Besiege, Consume, Deluge, Engulf, Tarnish Blacken, Defame, Jibe, Mar
Envelop, Infest, Inundate, Overwhelm, Taunt Badger, Bait, Flarass, Heckle, Insult,Jeer,
Sink, Submerge Jibe, Mock, Needle, Pester, Poke, P¡ovoke,
Swat Bat, Hit, Rap, Smack, Smite, Strike, Ridicule, Slandet Täntalise, TÞase, Torment
Swipe Teach Advise, Aid, Apprise, Civilise, Coach,
Swathe Clasp, Embrace, Enclose, Enfold, Condition, Counsel, Cultivate, Deveþ,
Envelop, Enwrap, Shroud, Smother, Direct, Discipline, Dill" Edi$l Educate,
Wrap Elevate, Enlighten, Foster, Groom, Guide,
Sweeten Alleviate, Appease, Mollifu Pacify, Improve, Indoctrinate, Inform, Instuct,
Soothe, Thaw l-ecture, Nurture, School, Train, htor

r
Swell Aggrandise, Augment, Boost, Distend, Tear Bite, Break, Cleave, Cut, Gash, Gouge,
Elevate, Exalt, Fill, Heighten, Inflare, Incise, Lacerate, Rip, Slash, Slit, Split
Lift, Raise, Strengthen Tease Aggravate, Badger, Bait, Bother, Fret,
Suinille Bamboozle, Cheat, Con, Deceive, Goad, Harass, Harry, Hassle, Irritate,
Defraud, Delude, Diddle, Dupe, Exploit, Kid, Mock, Needle, pester, poke,
Gull, Hoodwink, Fiddle, Fleece, Hoax, Provoke, Rag, Ridicule, Tantalise,
Rob, Trick Taunt, Tickle, Torment, Vex
Swipe, I Beat, Smack, Strike, Swat, Wound Tønper Alla¡ Assuage, Calm, Moderate,
Swípe,2 Filch, Nick, Pinch, Purloin, Steal Mollify, Season, Soothe, Tame
Tempt Allure, Attracr, Bribe, Cajole, Coax,
Entice, lnduce, Influence, Lure, Seduce

126 IZ7
Terminate Annihilate, Eliminate, Execute, Tichle Amuse, Cheer, Provoke, Stimulate,
Finish, Kill, Murder, Slay Tease, Titillate
Terrify Affright, Alarm, Frighten, Horrify, Tie Bind, Chain, Constrain, Encumber,
Panic, Paralyse, Petrify, Scare, Shock, Entwine, Fetter, Fix, Hamper, Iash,
Spook, Terrorise Lock, Pinion, Restrain, Restrict, Secure,
Terrorße Affright, Alarm, Blackmail, Bully, Shackle, Strap
Endanger, Frighten, Hijack, Honify, Tighten Constrict, Restrain
Intimidate, Jeopardise, Menace, Oppress, Tire Debiliute, Devitalise, Drain, Enervare,
Petrify, Plague, Scare, Tèrriþ, Threaten Enfeeble, Exhaust, Fatigue, Harass,
Test Appraise, Assess, Audition, Examine, Incapacitate, Jade, Sap, Unnerve,
Probe, Quiz Weaken, Weary
Thøtth Bless, Credit, Praise, Reward Titillate Arouse, Arrracr, Captivare, Charm,
Thaw Disarm, Sweeten, Warm Excire, Provoke, Seduce, Stimulate,
Thrash Batter, Beat, Bludgeon, Defeat, Tantalise, Thrill, Tickle
Flagellate, Flog, Pelt, Pulverise, Scourge, Titivate Enliven, Freshen, Refresh, Revitalise,
Slam, Spank, Strap, Strike, Tan, Thump, Revive, Rouse
Thwack, Whip Toast Glorify, Honour, Praise, Trumpet,
Tlveaten Alarm, Blackmail, Bully, Challenge, Warm
Curse, Compromise, Endanger, Hecto¡ Tolerate Abide, Bear, Endure, lndulge,
Hijack, Imperil, Intimidate, Jeopardise, Stomach, Suffer
Menace, Tèrrorise, Undermine, Warn Top Better, Outdo, Outshine, Outsmart,
Thrill Animate, Arouse, Delight, Electrify, Outwit, Surpass, Transcend, Trump
Enrapture, Excite, Exhilarate, Fire, Topple Depose,Dethrone, Overthrow
Galvanise, Rouse, Shock, Startle, Torment Aggravate, Assail, Badger, Baiq
Stimulate, Stir, Titillate Browbeat, Bug, Bull¡¿ Curse, Fmstrate,
Throttle Choke, Curb, Gag, Silence, Stifle, Harangue, Harass, Harry Hassle, Hector,
Strangle, Suppress Henpeck, Intimidate, Irritate, Maltrreat, Nag,
Throw Chuck, Fling, Flip, Floor, Distract, Persecute, Pester, plague, provoke, Rag,
Pelt, Propel, Sling, Toss Scourge, Täunt, Ièase, Torture, Trouble, Vex
Thrust Drive, Further, Hustle, Propel, Push Torture Abuse, Persecute, punish, Scourge,
Thump Bang, Bat, Batter, Beat, Hammer, Torment, Tiouble
Hit, Pummel, Punch, Rap, Slam, Slug, Toss Flick, Fling, Fþ, Throw
Smack, Strike, Thrash, Thwack, Wallop, Touch, IBrush, Caress, Dab, Feel, Flick,
Whack Jab, Kiss, Manipulate, Massage, Nurture,
Thwach Bang, Batter, Beat, Spank, Strike, Paw, Pat, Peck, Stir, Stroke, Tap
Thrash, Thump, Whack Touch,2 Impress, Move
Tlwørt Block, Defeat, Defy, Deþ Elude, Toughen Boost, Fortify, Harden, Reinforce,
Flummox, Forestall, Hampe¡ Hinder, Steel, Strengthen
Impede, Obstuct, Outwit, Parryl Stop, Trach Accompan¡ Chase, Follow, Hunt,
Stultify, Stump, Undo Pursue, Stalk

r28 I29
Train Civilise, Coach, Condition, Cultivate, Trigger Activate, Cue, Fire, Generate, Ignite,
Develop, Discipline, Drilt, EdiÛ¡, Educate, Light, Prompt, Provoke, Spark
Enlighten, Familiarise, Groom, Guide, Tnp Outsmart, Oun¡¡it
lmprove, Indoctrinate, Inform, Instruct, Trouble Afflict, Agiute, Annoy, Badger,
Nurture, School, Tèach, Tìrtor Bedevil, Bother, Burden, Concern,
Trammel Bu¡den, Confine, Constrain, Corsrict, Confound, Confuse, Derange,
Cramp, Curb, Encumber, Enmesh, Ensnare, Discomfort, Disconcert, Distress,
Entangle, Fetter, Flamper, Handicap, Hinder, Disturb, Fret, Harass, Harm, Harry,
lmpede, Implicate, Inconvenience, Obstruct, Hassle, Haunt, Muddle, Perplex, Perturb,
Oppresq Overload, ResEain, Restrict, Pester, Plague, Saddle, Torment, Torture,
Retard, 9ddle, Shackle, Snare, Trap T?aumatise, Unnewe, Unsettle, Upset,
Trample Beat, Flatten, Oppress, Squash Vex, Weaken, Weary Worry
Tranquillße Allay, Alleviate, Appease, Trounce Beat, Defeat, Flog, Humiliate
Assuage, CaIm, Deaden, Disburden, Ease, kump Outdo, Outsmart, Outwit, Top
Lighten, Lull, Paciþ, Quieten, Relax, Trumpet Emblazon, Extol, Laud, Praise,
Sedate, Settle, Smooth, Soothe Proclaim, Salute, Toast
Transcend Eclipse, Exceed, Outdo, Outshine, Try Appraise,Judge
Surpass, Top TttgDraw, Grab, Move, Pull, Wrench, Wrest,
Transfix Hold, Hyrynotise, Mesmerise, Yank
Paralyse, Petrify, Spellbind Turn Alter, Change, Convert, Pervert,
Transform Alter, Change, Convert, Pervert, Seduce, Tiansform
Reform, Revolutionise, Tirrn Tutor Aid, Apprise, Assisr, Civilise, Coach,
Trmrsport, I Bear, Carry, Convey Counsel, Cultivate, Develop, Direct,
Trønsport,2 Bewitch, Ravish Discipline, Drill, Edif¡ Educate,
Trap Ambush, Box, Catch, Corner, Enmesh, Enlighten, Groom, Guide, Help,
Ensnare, Entangle, Hoax, Hook, Implicate, lmprove, Indoctrinate, Inform, Instruct,
Imprison, Net, Outsmart, Outwit, Lecture, School, Tèach, fiain
Pigeonhole, Snare, Tiammel, Trick Twist Bend, Contort, Deform, Derange,
Trash Batter, Destroy, Violate Deviate, Flip, Modify, Pervert, Warp,
Traumatise Shock, Trouble, Wound Wrench, Wrest, Wring

E
keasure Adore, Adulate, Cherish, Tyrønnise Bully, Crush, Dominate, Domineer,
Consecrate, Consewe, Enshrine, Honour, lntimidate, Oppress, Persecute, Repress,
ldolise, Immortalise, Pet, Prize, Revere, Rule, Suppress
Value, Venerate, Worship
Treat, T Favour, Pamper
Treat,2 Cure, Heal, Mend, Remedy
Trich Bamboozle, Beguile, Cheat" Con, Deceive,
Definaud, Delude, Dupe, Entrap,
Fool, Gull, Hoax, Hoodwinh Kid,
Manoeuyre, Mislead, Outwit, Swindle, Trap

130 r31
Umpire Adjudicate, Arbitrate, Judge,
Mediate, Referee
Unbølønce Inebriate, Intoxicate, Unhinge
Unbriille Release
Unbwden Clear, Discharge, Disencumber,
Disengage, Disentangle, Disenthrall,
Free, Liberate, Redeem, Release, Relieve,
Rescue, Unchain, Unfetter, Unleash,
Unshackle
Unchaín Deliver, Disencumber, Disengage,
Disentangle, Disenthrall, Emancipare,
Enfranchise, Free, Liberate, Release,
Unburden, Unfetter, Unleash, Unshackle,
Untie
Uncover, I Flay, Skin, Strip, Undress, Unveil
Uncover,2 Expose, Unmask
Und.ercut Diminish, Disable, Enfeeble,
lnvalidate, Sabotage, Undermine,
Weaken
Underestimøte Misjudge
Undermine Compromise, Debilitate,
Demoralise, Deplete, Devitalise, Disable,
Diminish, Enfeeble, Rock, Sabotage, Sap,
Threaten, Unhinge, Wbaken, Wobble,
Undercut, Unnerve
Unda, 1 Disengage, Disentangle, Free,
Release, Unfasten

r
Undo,2 Thwa¡t
Undress Strip, Uncover
Unearth Discover
UnJasten Release, Relieve, Undo, Untie
Unfetter Disencumber, Disengage,
Disentangle, Disenthrall, Deliver,
Emancipate, Enfranchise, Free, Liberate,
Release, Unburden, Unchain, Unleash,
Unshackle, Untie

133
Unhinge Confound, Confuse, Craze, Uphold. Back, Befriend, Encourage, Forward,
Debilitate, Derange, Destabilise, Raise, Spur, Support
Devitalise, Disable, Enfeeble, Exhaust, Uplift Animate, Boost, Brighten, Cheer, Elate,
Fatigue, Inebriate, Madden, Sap, Elevate, Excite, Exhilarate, Freshen,
Unbalance, Undermine, Unsettle, Hearten, Hoist, lnspirit, Invigorate, Lift,
Weaken Nurture, Raise, Regenerate, Rouse,
UniÍy (PL) Conjoin, Combine, Rall¡ Unite Vitalise
Unite (PL) Combine, Conjoin, Rally, Unify Upset Agitare, Bother, Derange, Discomfort,
Unhooh Disengage, Release Discomfit, Disconcert, Disrupt, Dissatisfy,
Unleash Disencumber, Disentangle, Distract, Distress, Disturb, Fluster, Fret,
Disenthrall, Emancipate, Free, Liberare, Harass, Madden, Nark, Offend, perturb,
Unburden, Unchain, Unfetter, Untie Tiouble, Unnerve, Unsettle, Vex
Unmash Expose, Rumble, Shatter, Strip, Urge Animate, Boost, Compel, Drive,
Uncover, Unveil Encourage, Enforce, Entreat, Force,
Unneme Agitate, Alarm, Confound, Confuse, Forward, Goad, Hasten, Haunt, Impel,
Debilitate, Disarm, Disconcert, Distress, Incite, Influence, Motivate, persuade,
Enfeeble, Fluster, lncapacitate, Panic, Press, Prod, Push, Quicken, Rush, Spu¡
Paraþe, Perturb, Shake, Tire, Tiouble, Strengthen, Spur, Stimulate
Undermine, Unsettle, Unsteady, Upset, Use,l Deploy, Employ, Utilise
Weaken Use,2 Abuse, Exploit, Misuse, Use
Unravel Decipher, Disentangle, Untie Usher Attend, Guide, Lead, Navigate, Sreer
Unsettle Agitate, Bother, Confuse, Disconcert, Utilise Deploy, Employ, Engage, Use
Disturb, Dizry, F aze, Fluster, Perturb,
Rattle, Ruffle, Shock, Trouble, Unhinge,
Unnerve, Unsteady, Upset, Worr)t
Unshachle Deliver, Discharge, Disencumber,
Disengage, Disentangle, Disenthrall,
Emancipate, Enfranchise, Free, Liberate,
Release, Unburden, Unchain, Unfetter,
Untie
Unsteady Derange, Destabilise, Unnerve,
Unsettle
Untie Discharge, Disencumber, Disengage,
Disentangle, Disenthrall, Disunite,
Emancipate, Free, Liberate, Redeem,
Release, Relieve, Unchain, Unfasten,
Unfetter, Unleash, Unravel, Unshackle
Unyeil Expose, Rumble, Shatter, Unmask
Upgraile Aggrandise, Elevate, Forward,
Further, Improve, Promote, Support

134 I35
Validate Confirm, Permit
Value, 1Appraise, Clasp, Class, Classify,
Grade, Rank, Rate
Value,2 Assess, Cherish, Esteem, Enshrine,
Estimate, Honour, Prize, Respect,
Treasure
Vønquish Beat, Conquer, Crush, Defeat,
Demolish, Destrql Master, Overmaster,
Overpower, Overwhelm, Quash, Quell,
Reduce
Veíl Cover, Obscure, Shroud
Venerate Admire, Adore, Adulate, Beati$r,
Consecrate, Deify, Dignify, Enshrine,
Honour, Idolise, Prize, Respect, Revere,
Treasure, Worship
Vet Appraise, Check, Dissect, Scrutinise
Yex Aggravate, Agitate, Anno¡ Badger,
Bedevil, Bug, Distress, Disturb, Fluster,
Fret, Harass, Harry, Hassle, Hound,
Incense, Infuriate, Irk, Irriute, Nag,
Nark, Nettle, Persecute, Perturb, Pester',
Plague, Provoke, Rile, Ruffle, Tèase,
Torment, Trouble, Upset, Weary Worry
Victimíse Bull¡ Dupe, Oppress, Persecute
Vilify Abuse, Attack, Berate, Blacken,
Defame, Denounce, Discredit, Disparage,
Revile
Vinilicate Absolve, Acquit, Clear, Endorse,
Excuse, Exonerate, Support
Violøte Abuse, Assault, Comrpt, Debauch,
Deñle, Desecrate, Pollute, Profane, Rape,
Ravish, Seduce, Trash
Vitnlise Activate, Animate, Arouse, Awaken,
Brighten, Cheer, Electrify, Embolden,
Encourage, Energise, Enliven, Excite,
¡I
Exhilarate, Fire, Galvanise, Generate,

L37
 Hearten, Inflame, Inspire, Inspirit,
Invigorate, Motivate, Nerve, Provoke,
Quicken, Rouse, Sharpen, Spur,
Stimulate, Stir, Suengthen, Uplift
Vitiøte Contaminate, Comrpt, Debase, Wøhen Activate, Animate, Arouse, Awaken,
Poison Enliven, Excite, Fire, Galvanise,
Vivify Animate, Arouse, Awaken Generate, Kindle, Provoke, Rouse,
Stimulate, Stir
Wallop Bat, Batter, Beat, Belt, Clobber, Crush,
Flog, Hammer, Hit, Knock, Pelt, Pound,
Pummel, Punch, SIap, Slug, Smite, Sock,
Spank, Strike, Thump, Whack
Wørm Animate, Arouse, Cheer, Excite, Heat,
Impassion, Melt, Thaw, Tirast
Wørn Admonish, Advise, Alarm, Alerr,
Caution, Counsel, Dissuade, Forewarn,
Notiþ, Prepare, Threaten
Warp Bend, Break, Contort, Deform, Deviate,
Distort, Impair, Modify, Pervert, Twist
Warrant Assure, Authorise, Back, Champion,
Commission, Delegate, Endorse, Entitle,
License, Permit, Recommend, Sanction,
Support
Wash Cleanse, Rinse, Scrub
Weahen Adulterate, Break, Cripple, Damage,
Deaden, Debase, Debilitate, Demoralise,
Deplete, Depress, Deprive, Devalue,
Devitalise, Dilute, Diminish, Disable,
Disarm, Emasculate, Enervate, Enfeeble,
Exhaust, Fatigue, Hurt, Impair,
Impoverish, lncapacirare, Injure,
Invalidate, Lessen, Moderate, Modify,
Reduce, Restrict, Sap, Stawe, Tire,
ïiouble, Undercur, Undermine, Unhinge,
Unnerve, Wound

E
Weøt Nourish, Nurture, Sustain
Weary Annoy Burden, Debilitate, Drain,
Exasperate, Exhaust, Fatigue, Irk, Jade,
Plague, Sicken, Tire, Tiouble, Vex
Weather Endure, Suffer, Withstand

138 I39
Wed Espouse, Marry Wrap Circumscribe, Clasp, Cover, Embrace,
Wedge Amx, Fix, Lodge, Ram, Stuff Enclose, Enfold, Envelop, Enwrap,
Wagh Consider, Contemplate, Evaluate, Muffle, Protect, Shroud, Surround,
Examine, Gauge, Measure Swathe
Welcome Accept, Acclaim, Adopt, Applaud, Weathe Decorate, Encircle, Enfold
Embrace, Espouse, Greet, Hail, lnvite, Wrech Debauch, Destroy, Devastate, Mangle,
Receive Plunder, Ravage, Ravish, Ruin, Shatter
Whach Bang, Batter, Beat, Belt, Box, Clobber, Wrench Force, Grab, Pull, Tug, Twist, Yank
Cuff, Flog, Hammer, Hit, Lambast, SIap, Wrest Detach, Pull, Ruin, Tug, lrist, Wring
Slug, Smack, Smite, Sock, Spank, Strike, Wring lrist, Wrest
Thump, Thwack, Wallop Wrong Abuse, Cheat, Discredit, Dishonour,
Whip Beat, Birch, Cane, Castigate, Flagellate, Harm, Hurt, lnjure, Maltreat, Wound
Flog, l-ash, Scourge, Spank, Strap, Tan,
Thrash
WillAward, Encourage
Win Allure, Attain, Attract, Captivate,
Capture, Charm, Convince, Disarm,
Enamour, Enchant, Persuade
Wind. Stun
Wing Disable, Hinder, Wound
Wíthstanã Endure, Weather
Wobble Disturb, Rock, Undermine
Woo Court, Entice, Pursue, Romance
Worh Engineer, Handle, Influence, Manage,
Manipulate, Operate
Worry Agitate, Annoy, Badger, Bedevil,
Bother, Concern, Distract, Distress,
Disturb, Harass, Harry, Hassle, Haunt,
Hector, Niggle, Persecute, Perturb,
Pester, Plague, Tiouble, Unease,
Unsettle, Vex
Worshþ Adore, Adulate, Beatiff, Dei$r,
Enshrine, Glorify, Idolise, Revere,
Tieasure, Venerate
Wound Bite, Break, Bruise, Cut, Damage,
Disable, Gash, Gouge, Hack, Harm, Hurt,
lncise, Injure, Insult, Knife, Lacerate,
Maim, Maltreat, Maul, Nick, Scratch, Slit,
Stab, Sting, Strike, Swipe, Traumatise,
Weaken, Wing, Wrong

1,10 141
Yanh Draw, Pull,Tirg, Wrench
YieldRelinquish, Surrender
Yohe Bind, Chain, Strap

Zøp Destroy, Hit, Kill

\-/
t43
Note
ll
For guidelines on how to use these
Emotional Groups to kick-sraft \¡
choosing your actions, refer to page
p.xxiv of the lntroducrion. ()
The Emotional Groups and their I
subgroups are:
I

NURTURING p. L+7
()
Loving
Encouraging
Supporting
\
I
o usrNc p. r51
r

Manipulating
Disturbing
(;
Deceiving
lt
o DAMAGTNG p. 155 ()
Discouraging
Harming
t
Destroying l)
t

\
A LovíngWorils
Accept, Accommodate, Admire, Adore, Adorn,
Adulate, Assuage :
:
Baptise, Beatify, Beautify, Betroth, Bless :
Calm, Caress, Centre, Civilise, Clasp, Clearrse, :
'J':
Clinch, Coddle, Comfort, Compliment,
Compose, Condone, Consecrate, Conserve,
Console, Cosset, Court, Cradle, Credit, :
Cuddle, Cup, Cushion
Defrost, Deify, Delight
Emancipate, Embrace, Enamour, Enchant,
Encircle, Encompass, Endear, Enfold,
Enfranchise, Enjoin, Enlighten, Enrapture,
Enrich, Entertain, Enthral, Entrance, Entwine,
Envelop, Enwrap, Evacuate, Extol
Fan, Father, Felicitate, Forgive, Foster

Gladden, Gtorify, Grace, Gratify

Hallow, Harmonise, Hold, Honour, Hug
Idolise, lnflame, Infuse, Insure

Jolly
Kindle, Kiss
Level, Liberate, Lick, Lull, Lure
Massage, Melt, Mend, Mollify, Mollycoddle,
Mother
Name, Nibble, Nourish, Nurse, Nuzzle

Ornament
Pacify, Pamper, Pardon, Parent, Pat, Paw, Peck,
Perfect, Pet, Placate, Please, Pleasure, Praise,
Prize, Propitiate, Protect, Puriff
Ravish, Rear, Receive, Reconcile, Redeem,
Refine, **r*, Regale, *.n"Ottt,u,",.*,

:jin,
Rekindle, Relax, Release, Relieve, Relinquish,
Relish, Remedy, Renew, Replenish, Rescue,
þite, Imbue, Impassion, Impel, Implore,
Improve, Include, Incorporate, Induce,
Respect, Restore, Resuscitate, Retrieve, Revere, Induct, Infect, Inflate, In{luence, Inspire,
Revitalise, Revive, Rock, Romance, Rouse Inspirit, Instruct, Intrigue, Invigorate,
Safeguard, Salvage, Sanctify, Satiate, Satisfy, Invite, Invoke, Involve
Saturate, Save, Savour, School, Secure, Seduce,
Join
Select, Sewe, Settle, Shepherd, Shield, Shroud,
Smoothe, Sober, Soothe, Spellbind, Squeeze, Kindle
Still, Stroke, Suffuse, Susuin, Swathe Launch, Lead, Lecture, Lift, Light, Lighten
Tèase, Tèmper, Thank, Thaw, Titillate, Tirivare, Magnetise, Mobilise, Motivare, Move
'-l:-
Tirast, Touch, Transfrx, Transform, Tiansport,
Nudge
Treasure, Tieat
Organise, Orientate, Overhaul
Unburden, Unchain, Unfasten, Unfetter, Unify,
Unite, Unravel, Unshackle, Untie Permit, Persuade, Polish, press, pressure,
Prod, Promote, prompt, propel, pull, pursue, push
Validate, Value, Venerate, Vindicate, Vitalise
Quicken
Waken, Warm, Wash, Wean, Wed, Welcome,
Win, Woo, Worship Ra\ Reassemble, Reassure, Recommend,
Recondition, Reconstitute, Recruit, Refresh,
Regenerate, Reinvigorate, Rejuvenate, Repair,
B Encouraging\ü'ords Revolutionise, Reward, Rush

Absolve, Accelerate, Accustom, Acknowledge, Second, Shape, Sharpen, Sophisticate, Spare,

Activate, Aggrandise, Amend, Animate, Spark, Spur, Steer, Stiffen, Stimulate, Stir,
Applaud, Approve, Arouse, Assist, Augment Stoke, Strengthen, Stretch, Sweeten, Swell
Täntalise, Tèach, Thrill, Thrust, Toughen,
Befriend, Bestir, Blazon, Bolster, Boost, Brighten
Tiain, TÌigger, Tug, Tutor
Cajole, Certifu, Champion, Coach, Coax,
Urge, Usher
Compel, Compensate, Condition, Congratulate,
Conjure, Convert, Correct, Cue, Cultivate Warrant
Decorate, Delegate, Designate, Develop,
Distinguish, Drill, Drive C SnpportingWords
Elate, Elect, Electrify, Elevate, Emblazon, Abet, Acclaim, Accommodate, Accompany,
Employ, Empower, Enable, Encourage, Adopt, Advise, Aid, Alert, Allay, Allign,
Endorse, Energise, Engage, Engross, Enkindle, Anchoq Appoint, Approve, Arm, fusure,
Enlarge, Enlist, Enliven, Excite, Exhilarate Attend, Authorise, Aver, Award
Familiarise, Feed, Fire, Focus, Forward, Back, Balance, Bear, Behold, Bind, Bolster, Brief
Fortify, Free, Freshen, Fuel, Further
Carry, Catch, Cement, Champion, Choose,
Greet, Groom, Guide Commend, Confirm, Contain, Corroborate,
Habituate, Harden, Hasten, Heal, Heighten, HeIp Counsel, Crown

148
r49
Defend, Direct, Disburden, Discipline

Embed, Emend, Endorse, Ennoble, Entrust,

Equip, Esteem
Fix, Follow, Fortify, Furnish A MønipulatingWords
Generate, Govern, Grasp, Guard, Guide Allure, Amaze, Amuse, Appease, Arrest, Attract
Hail, Heal, Help, Host, House Bait, Beg, Beguile, Beseech, Besiege, Bewitch,
Bind, Blackmail, Brainwash, Bribe, Browbeat,
lnoculate, lnsulate, lnure Buff, Butter
Knight Change, Charm, Churn, Coe¡ce, Corner,
Legitimise, Lift, Lighten, Lodge Cormpt

Manage, Master, Match Dazzle, Deactivate, Deconstruct

Engineer, Ensnare, Entice, Entrap, Exploit
Navigate, Nominate
Fascinate, Flatter, Fondle, Force, Fragment
Obey, Ordain
Hog, Hoodwink, Hook, Humble, Hurry',
Pardon, Pa¡ Pick, Plant, Police, Proclaim
Hush, Hustle, Hypnorise
Qualify Judge, Jumble
Ratify, Rebuild, Receive, Recompense, Lobby, Lower, Lull
Reinforce, Remunetate, Retain, Root, Rule
Manipulate, Manoeuwe, Mesmerise, Milk,
Safeguard, Sponsor, Stabilise Steady, Stoke, Monopolise, Mould
Stress
Negate
Toast, Trumpet
Operate, Outwit, Overcome, Overhaul,
Uphold, Uplift Overmaster, Own
will Preoccupy, Pressurise, Probe, Programme

Ration, Rush
Sabotage, Seduce, Shake, Solicit, Stump,
Subjugate, Suspend
Tèmpt, Tèst, Tie, Tighten, Trump
Undermine, Use
Vet, Vilify

B DeceivingWords
Adulterate
Bamboozle, Beuay, Blind, Bluff

150 151
Cheat, Con, Corrupt Jolt
Deceive, Delude, Diddle, Dupe Menace, Mortify
Enuap Nag, Nauseate
Flatter, Fleece, Foil, Fool Outrage
Hoax, Hoodwink, Humour Panic, Paq Peeve, Perplex, perturb, pester,
Plague, Poke, Provoke, puzzle
Kid
Lampoon Query Quesrion, Quiz
Rattle, Reproach, Reprove, Repulse, Revile,
Malign, Manoeuwe, Misdirect, Misguide,
Ridicule, Rile, Rock, Ruflle
Mislead, Muddle, Mystify
Segregate, Shame, Shock, Sicken, Slight, Snub,
Pilfer, Pinch, Pluck, Procure, Purloin, Puzzle
Soil, Spook, Stagger, Stalk, Startle, Stifle,
Rag Stultify, Stump, Stun, Stupefy,
Snare, Steal, Swindle Surprise, Surround, Swamp

Throw, Trick, Trip, Tiump Taint, Tarnish, Terrify, Tèrrorise; Thwart,

Tiaumatise, Twist
Undercut, Undermine
Uncover, Undermine, Undo, Unhinge,
Unhook, Unnerve, Unsettle, Unsteady,
C DisturbingWords Upset

Abandon, Accost, Addle, Affright, Aggravate, Vex

Agitate, Alarm, Alert, Annoy, Antagonise, Wbbble, Wrench, Wrest, Wring
Badger, Baffle, Bedevil, Benumb, Bewilder,
Bother, Bug
Concern, Confine, Confound, Confront,
Confuse, Constrain, Contest
Daze, Decline, Deny, Derail, Derange, Deride,
Destabilise, Discomfort, Disconcert, Disengage,
Dislodge, Displace, Disrupt, Distract, Distress,
Disturb, Dominate, Domineer
Elude, Embroil, Encumber, Engulf, Enmesh
Floor, Flummox, Fluster, Freeze, Frighten,
Frustrate

Goad, Grab, Grill

Harangue, Haunt, Heckle, Hector, Horrify
Incense, lnfect, lnfuriate, Interrogate,
Intemrpt, Irritate
r52 153
A DiscouragingWords
Abandon, Admonish, Alienate, Appal,
Apprehend, Arraign, Avert, Avoid
Ban, Bar, Belittle, Blight, Block

Cage, Castigate, Censor, Chastise, Chide,

Chill, Chop, Chuck, Clutch, Convicr, Cool,
Cramp, Criticise, Curb
Dampen, Dash, Deactivate, Debilitate, Deflate,
Deflect, Deject, Demoralise, Demote,
Denigrate, Denounce, Deplete, Depreciate,
Depress, Detain, Deter, Dim, Disappoint,
Disarm, Discard, Disclaim, Discourage,
Disenchanr, Disenthrall, Disillusion, Dismay,
Dispirit, Disregard, Diverr, Dodge, Dull, Dump
Enervate, Enfeeble, Evade, Exclude
Gag

Halt, Hamper, Handicap, Hassle, Henpeck,

Hinder, Hound
Ignore, lmpeach, Impede, Imperil,
Inconvenience, Inhibit, Insult, Intercept, Irk,
Irritate, Isolate

Jeopardise, Jibe, Jilt

Leave, Limit
Manacle, Mock, Muffle, Mute, Muzzle
Nettle, Neutralise, Niggle, Nip
Obscure, Obsrruct, Offend, Oppose,
Ostracise, Overlook
Pan, Parry, Police, Postpone, prohibit, la
Prosecute,. Punish

Rebuff, Rebuke, Refuse, Reject, Renounce,

Repel, Repress, Repudiate, Resist, Restrain,
Restrict, Reurd, Revoke

I55
Sadden, Saddle, Sap, Scorn, Shirk, Shoulder, Kick, Kidnap, Knock
Shove, Shun, Sidestep, Silence, Sop, Sour, Stall,
Madden, Maim, Malign, Maltreat, Manacle,
Stop, Straddle, Suppress
Mangle, Manhandle, Mar, Mark, Mimic,
Thwart, Tolerate Misjudge, Mishandle, Mistreat, Misuse, Molest,
Mug
Nab, Nail, Nark, Needle, Neglect, Net, Nick,
B HarmingWorâs
Notch, Numb
Abduct, Abuse, Accuse, Afflict, Aggrieve,
Offend, Oppress, Outlaw, Overload, Overthroq
Assail, Assault, Attack
Overturn, Overwhelm
Bang, Bash, Batter, Battle, Beat, Befoul, Belittle,
Paralyse, Patronise, Penetrate, Perfo¡ate, Pervert,
Belt, Berate, Besmear, Bind, Birch, Bite,
Pesteq Petriþ, Pierce, Pillage, Pinch, Pinion,
Blacken, Blame, Blemish, Blight, Block, Boot,
Plunge, Poison, Pollute, Pound, Prick, Prod,
Bowdlerise, Box, Brand, Broach, Browbeat,
Profane, Pummel, Punch, Puncture, Punish
Bruise, Brutalise, Buþ Bump, Burden, Burst
Raid, Ram, Rap, Ravage, Reduce, Repress,
Castigate, Castrate, Chain, Chasten, Chastise,
Rival, Rob, Ruin
Cheapen, Chide, Chip, Cleave, CIip, Confute,
Crack, Craze, Criticise, Crumple, Cudgel, Saddle, Sap, Scar, Scare, Scold, Score, Scratch,
Curse, Cuss, Cut Seize, Shackle, Slam, Slander, Sþ, Slash, Sling,
SIit, Smack, Smash, Smear, Smite, Snare, Snatch,
Damage, Dash, Deaden, Debauch, Debilitate,
Sock, Soil, Spank, Spike, Splinter, Split, Spoil,
Deceive, Decry Defame, Degrade, Demean,
Squash, Stab, Stain, Stalk, Starve, Stifle, Strip,
Denigrate, Denounce, Deprave, Deprecate,
SuMue, Submerge, Subsume, Suspend, Swipe
Desecrate, Desert, Devalue, Deviulise, Dilute,
Diminish, Disable, Discredit, Disempower, Tackle, Taunt, Thrash, Throttle, Thump,
Dismember, Disgrace, Disown, Dissolve, Drain, Thwack, Tire, Tiample, Tiash
Drown Violate, Vitiare
Eject, Elbow, Embarrass, Embitter, Endanger, Warn
Enfeeble, Enrage, Enslave, Envenom, Expose,
Expropriate
Fatigue, Fetter, Fight, Flail, Fling, Flog, Foul, C DestoyingWords
Fracture
Abolish, Annihilate, Avenge
Gash, Gouge Banish, Blast, Bludgeon, Break, Bulldoze,
Harass, Harm, Harry Hijack, Hit, Humiliate, Burn, Bury Bust, Butcher
Hun Conquer, Crucify, Crumble, Crush
lmmobilise, Impair, Imperil, Impound, Deck, Deflower, Deform, Dehumanise,
Impoverish, Imprison, Inactivate, Incapacitate, Desolate, Destroy, Dethrone, Devastate,
lncarcerate, Incise, Incriminate, Indict, Infest,
Devour
Injure, Intimidate, lnvade, Invalidate
Efface, Eliminate, Exterminate, Extinguish,
Jade, Jeeq Job, Jostle Extirpate
I56 I57
Finish, Flail
Hack, Hawk, Hunt

Immolate, lmPale, Incinerate

KiIl, Knife
lacerate, Lash, LYnch
Mash, Massacre, Mince' Murder, Mutilate

Nulliþ
Obliterate, Oust
Peel, Persecute, Plague, Plunder, Prostrate'
Pulverise

Quash, Quell
Ransack, RaPe, Ravage, Raze, Ruin'
Rule
Sever'
Sabotage, Sack, Sacriñce, Savage, Scour'
Skin' Slaughteq
ifr"rr"i Silence, Sink' Skewer,
i*"tf,, S""p, Stab, Stone, Storm, Stuff' Sunder'
Suppress, Surrender

Terminate, ToPPle, Torment, Torture

Vanquish

Wreck

\o

158