Perspectives Student Edition PDF

UNIT
1 Childhood
UNIT INTRODUCTION SMALL-GROUP LEARNING
UNIT ACTIVITY AND VIDEO . . . . . . . . . . . 2 PUBLIC DOCUMENT

Declaration of the Rights of
LAUNCH TEXT:
NONFICTION NARRATIVE MODEL the Child
Wagon Train at Dusk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 The United Nations General Assembly. . . . 43
MAGAZINE ARTICLE
WHOLE-CLASS LEARNING Michaela DePrince: The
War Orphan Who Became
a Ballerina
ANCHOR TEXT: MEMOIR IN VERSE
William Kremer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
from Brown Girl Dreaming MEDIA CONNECTION:
Jacqueline Woodson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Michaela DePrince—Ballet Dancer
MEDIA: COMIC STRIP MEMOIR
Gallery of Calvin and Hobbes Comics from Bad Boy
COMPARE
Bill Watterson. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Walter Dean Myers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
POETRY
Copyright © Savvas Learning Company LLC. All Rights Reserved.

I Was a Skinny Tomboy Kid
Alma Luz Villanueva . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
PERFORMANCE TASK PERFORMANCE TASK

WRITING FOCUS SPEAKING AND LISTENING FOCUS
Write a Nonfiction Narrative. . . . . . . . . 32 Present a Retelling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
viii
ESSENTIAL QUESTION : What are some of the challenges and triumphs of growing up?
PERFORMANCE-BASED
INDEPENDENT LEARNING
ASSESSMENT
NOVEL EXCERPT Narration:
from Peter Pan Nonfiction Narrative and
J. M. Barrie
Oral Recitation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
POETRY
Oranges UNIT REFLECTION
Gary Soto
Reflect on the Unit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
ESSAY
The Boy Nobody Knew
Faith Ringgold
SHORT STORY
Raymond’s Run
Toni Cade Bambara
SHORT STORY
Eleven
Sandra Cisneros
• Unit Introduction Videos

• Media Selections
• Modeling Videos
These selections can be accessed via the
Interactive Student Edition. • Selection Audio Recordings
PERFORMANCE-BASED Additional digital resources can be found in:

ASSESSMENT PREP
• Interactive Student Edition
Review Evidence for a
Nonfiction Narrative. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 • myPerspectives+
ix
UNIT
1
Childhood
You face challenges every day,
but learning how to deal with
them is part of growing up.
Discuss It Do you think competition should be part

of everyone’s childhood?
Write your response before sharing your ideas.
Best of the Bee
2
UNIT 1
UNIT INTRODUCTION
ESSENTIAL QUESTION: LAUNCH TEXT
NONFICTION
What are some of the challenges and NARRATIVE MODEL
Wagon Train at Dusk
triumphs of growing up?
WHOLE-CLASS SMALL-GROUP INDEPENDENT

LEARNING LEARNING LEARNING
ANCHOR TEXT: MEMOIR IN VERSE PUBLIC DOCUMENT NOVEL EXCERPT
Brown Girl
from Declaration of the from Peter Pan
Dreaming Rights of the Child J. M. Barrie
Jacqueline Woodson The United Nations
General Assembly
MEDIA: COMIC STRIP MAGAZINE ARTICLE POETRY

Gallery of Calvin and Michaela DePrince: Oranges
Hobbes Comics The War Orphan Who Gary Soto
Bill Watterson Became a Ballerina
William Kremer
! MEDIA CONNECTION:
Michaela DePrince—
Ballet Dancer ESSAY
The Boy Nobody
MEMOIR Knew
from Bad Boy Faith Ringgold
Walter Dean Myers
SHORT STORY
COMPARE
Raymond’s Run
POETRY Toni Cade Bambara
I Was a Skinny
Tomboy Kid
Alma Luz Villanueva
SHORT STORY
Eleven
Sandra Cisneros
PERFORMANCE TASK PERFORMANCE TASK PERFORMANCE-BASED ASSESSMENT PREP

WRITING FOCUS: SPEAKING AND LISTENING FOCUS: Review Evidence for a
Write a Nonfiction Narrative Present a Retelling Nonfiction Narrative
PERFORMANCE-BASED ASSESSMENT
Narration: Nonfiction Narrative and Oral Recitation
PROMPT:
When did a challenge lead to a triumph?
3
UNIT
1 INTRODUCTION
Unit Goals
Throughout this unit, you will deepen your understanding of the stage of
life known as childhood through reading, writing, speaking, listening, and
presenting. These goals will help you succeed on the Unit Performance-
Based Assessment.
Rate how well you meet these goals right now. You will revisit your
ratings later when you reflect on your growth during this unit.
1 2 3 4 5
SCALE
NOT AT ALL NOT VERY SOMEWHAT VERY EXTREMELY

WELL WELL WELL WELL WELL
READING GOALS 1 2 3 4 5
• Read and analyze how authors present

ideas and express their points of view
in different types of texts.
• Expand your knowledge and use of

academic and concept vocabulary.
WRITING AND RESEARCH GOALS 1 2 3 4 5
• Write a nonfiction narrative in which

you develop experiences or events
using narrative techniques effectively.
• Conduct research projects of various

lengths to explore a topic and clarify
meaning.
LANGUAGE GOAL 1 2 3 4 5
• Correctly use common, proper, and

possessive nouns in writing and
presentations. Copyright © Savvas Learning Company LLC. All Rights Reserved.
• Use word choice, sentence structures,

and tone to develop your voice in your
writing.
SPEAKING AND LISTENING
GOALS 1 2 3 4 5
• Engage in collaborative discussions,

STANDARDS
build on the ideas of others, and
Language
6.L.VAU.6 Acquire and accurately express your own ideas clearly.
use grade-appropriate general
academic and domain-specific words • Integrate audio, visuals, and text in
and phrases; develop vocabulary presentations.
knowledge when considering
a word or phrase important to
comprehension or expression.
4 UNIT 1 • CHILDHOOD
ESSENTIAL QUESTION: What are some of the challenges and triumphs of growing up?
Academic Vocabulary: Nonfiction Narrative

Understanding and using academic terms can help you read, write, and
speak with precision and clarity. Here are five academic words that will be FOLLOW THROUGH
useful to you in this unit as you analyze and write nonfiction narratives. Study the words in this
chart, and mark them or
Complete the chart. their forms wherever they
1. Review each word, its root, and the mentor sentences. appear in the unit.
2. Use the information and your own knowledge to predict the meaning
of each word.
3. For each word, list at least two related words.
4. Refer to the dictionary or other resources if needed.
WORD MENTOR SENTENCES PREDICT MEANING RELATED WORDS
reflect 1. Nathan needs time to reflect on his actions reflection; reflective

before he apologizes.
ROOT: 2. Sometimes it is better to stop and reflect
-flect- on your thoughts before expressing your
“bend” opinion.
notable 1. The museum features the famous paintings

of many notable artists.
ROOT: 2. The politician’s win in her district was
-not- a notable success in her campaign
“mark” for governor.
contribute 1. You can contribute to the discussion by

voicing your thoughts on the subject.
ROOT: 2. John was asked to contribute a short story
-trib- to the literary magazine, to be published in
“pay”; the next issue.
“give”
recognize 1. Shay and Brooke did not recognize their

cousin because he had grown so much since
ROOT: they last saw him.
-cogn- 2. We recognize our veterans by honoring them
“know” with a parade.
memorize 1. It is difficult to memorize all of the different

grammar rules for a foreign language.
ROOT: 2. The actors must memorize their lines before
-mem- the opening night of the play.
“mind”
Unit Introduction 5
UNIT
1 INTRODUCTION
LAUNCH TEXT | NONFICTION NARRATIVE
This selection is an example of

a nonfiction narrative, a type of
Wagon Train
at Dusk
writing in which an author tells
a true story. This is the type of
writing you will develop in the
Performance-Based Assessment at
the end of the unit.
As you read, look at the way
the author describes events and
experiences. Mark the text to
help you answer this question:
What descriptive details make this
narrative realistic and memorable?
NOTES
1
“S ometimes you just have to laugh,” I tell my daughter, who is

having an especially bad day. She’s lost her favorite bracelet,
she turned in the wrong homework assignment, and she just
found out she would be playing Marshmallow #2 in the class play.
2 “Oh, you wouldn’t understand,” Sarah says, sulkily.
3 I ask her if I’ve ever told her the story of the diorama.
4 “Yes, Dad. More than once,” she says.
5 That doesn’t stop me. “When I was in the sixth grade,” I say
in my storyteller’s voice, “we had to make shoebox dioramas
of a scene from American history. I decided to do a wagon train
traveling across the Great Plains in the mid-1800s.” Copyright © Savvas Learning Company LLC. All Rights Reserved.
6 Sarah pretends she isn’t rolling her eyes, but I keep going.
“I wanted it to be great. A diorama to end all dioramas! I wanted
to be famous. I wanted to be on the local news. But what I really
wanted was to show up Jorge Nuñez,” I say.
7 “Jorge and I had been in the same class since fourth grade.
We were pretty evenly matched when it came to test scores and
homework, but for hands-on projects, there was no one like Jorge.
He always came up with these unique creations, beautifully
conceived and executed. Jorge’s mom and dad were architects, so
maybe he had a leg up, but who knows.”
8 Sarah shrugs in sympathy—which I take as permission to
continue. “As soon as I heard Jorge announce that he was making
a shoebox diorama of a log cabin, I decided to go one better. I’d
create a fleet of Conestoga wagons in a circle formation around

a campfire at dusk, with miniature people and horses and dogs NOTES
made of pipe cleaners, and children running around playing

hoops. It would be a masterpiece. And that’s just how it turned
out: a masterpiece! I carried it upstairs to my room and that night I
went to sleep with a smile on my face, imagining Jorge’s reaction.”
9 “Then,” I go on, “in the middle of the night I was jolted awake
by a ripping sound. My heart stopped. I felt sick. I know that
sound, I thought. There was no mistaking what it was—Lucy
was demolishing my masterpiece! You couldn’t even tell what
it was supposed to be! I lay there in a stupor of self-pity and the
sense that nothing in the world would ever be right again. The
dog ate my diorama, I thought, and I pictured myself saying this
in class. I pictured the hoots and guffaws and hollers. I pictured
my teacher’s puzzled expression as she tried to work out if I was
being serious.” I make the expression myself, and Sarah smiles.
10 “Then I said it out loud: The dog ate my diorama. It was funny,
actually. The more I said it, the funnier it got. I started laughing.
I laughed until my sides hurt. I couldn’t stop laughing.”
11 “And then?” Sarah says, knowing what comes next.
12 “Well,” I say, “I picked up all the pieces and put them in the box
and took the whole thing to school. I called it ‘Wagon Train After a
Tornado.’ The teacher loved it. Everyone enjoyed my story. I think
Jorge was actually jealous.”
13 Sarah gives a reluctant smile, like she’s supposed to. “So,” she
says, remembering that there’s a lesson in there somewhere, “you
learned to laugh at bad things. Right?”
14 I shake my head. “Nope,” I tell her. “I learned that some things
aren’t so bad.” ❧
! WORD NETWORK FOR CHILDHOOD

Vocabulary A Word
Network is a collection of
words related to a topic. As
you read the selections in this sulkily
unit, identify interesting words
related to childhood, and add
them to your Word Network. diorama CHILDHOOD
For example, you might begin
by adding words from the
homework
Launch Text, such as sulkily,
diorama, and homework.
Continue to add words as you
complete this unit.
Tool Kit
Word Network Model
Wagon Train at Dusk 7

UNIT
1 INTRODUCTION
Summary
Write an objective summary of “Wagon Train at Dusk.” An objective
summary is a concise, complete, and accurate overview of a text. It
should not include a statement of your opinion or an analysis.
Launch Activity
Participate in a Group Discussion Consider this statement:
You need to overcome obstacles to learn new things.
Prepare for the discussion by thinking about the topic:
• Have you ever faced a challenge that led to success? Do you know
someone who has had this experience?
• Does learning new things have to be challenging?
Decide your position, and record a brief explanation.
Strongly Agree Agree Disagree Strongly Disagree
Form a small group with other students. Then, discuss your responses
to the prompt and the questions. When you have finished your
conversation, write a summary of the main points you covered. Share
your summary with the class.
QuickWrite
Consider class discussions, the video, and the Launch Text as you think
about the prompt. Record your first thoughts here.
PROMPT: When did a challenge lead to a triumph?
! EVIDENCE LOG FOR CHILDHOOD

Review your QuickWrite.
Title of Text: Date:

Summarize your thoughts in
one sentence to record in your CONNECTION TO PROMPT TEXT EVIDENCE/DETAILS ADDITIONAL NOTES/IDEAS
Evidence Log. Then, record
textual details or evidence from
”Wagon Train at Dusk” that
support your thinking.
Prepare for the Performance-
Based Assessment at the end How does this text change or add to my thinking? Date:
of the unit by completing
the Evidence Log after each
selection.
Tool Kit
Evidence Log Model
Wagon Train at Dusk 9

OVERVIEW: WHOLE-CLASS LEARNING
ESSENTIAL QUESTION:
What are some of the challenges

and triumphs of growing up?
You deal with challenges every day. Some are big challenges, while
others are small. Whatever the challenge is, you learn and grow from that
experience. As you read, you will work with your whole class to explore the
ways that people can learn from and triumph over childhood challenges.
Whole-Class Learning Strategies

Throughout your life, in school, in your community, and in your career, you will
continue to learn and work in large-group environments.
Review these strategies and the actions you can take to practice them as you
work with your whole class. Add ideas of your own for each strategy. Get ready
to use these strategies during Whole-Class Learning.
STRATEGY ACTION PLAN

Listen actively • Eliminate distractions. For example, put your cellphone away.
• Keep your eyes on the speaker.
Clarify by asking • If you’re confused, other people probably are, too. A sk a question to help your
questions whole class.
• If you see that you are guessing, ask a question instead.

Monitor • Notice what information you already know and be ready to build on it.
understanding • A sk for help if you are struggling.
Interact and share • Share your ideas and answer questions, even if you are unsure.
ideas • Build on the ideas of others by adding details or making a connection.
CONTENTS
ANCHOR TEXT: MEMOIR IN VERSE
from Brown Girl Dreaming

Jacqueline Woodson
An author relates her childhood experiences in

a memorable new way—through poetry.
MEDIA: COMIC STRIP
Gallery of Calvin and Hobbes Comics

Bill Watterson
For Calvin and his tiger Hobbes, childhood is an

adventure.
PERFORMANCE TASK
WRITING FOCUS
Write a Nonfiction Narrative
The Whole-Class readings illustrate ways in which young people navigate the
challenges of growing up. After reading, you will write a nonfiction narrative about
a time when you used your imagination to find a new way to do something.
Overview: Whole-Class Learning 11

MAKING MEANING
About the Author

from Brown Girl Dreaming
Concept Vocabulary
You will encounter the following words as you read the excerpt from
Brown Girl Dreaming. Before reading, note how familiar you are with
each word. Then, rank the words in order from most familiar (1) to least
familiar (6).
Jacqueline Woodson
WORD YOUR RANKING
(b. 1964) was born in
Columbus, Ohio. She recalls squish
being happiest as a child
when she was writing: humming
“I wrote on paper bags
and my shoes and denim twist
binders.” A 2008 Newbery
Honor winner, Woodson twirl
believes that writers need to
be honest and to listen to shushes
the voices of young people.
feathery
After completing the first read, come back to the concept vocabulary and
review your rankings. Mark changes to your original rankings as needed.
First Read MEMOIR IN VERSE

Tool Kit Apply these strategies as you conduct your first read. You will have an
First-Read Guide and opportunity to complete the close-read notes after your first read.
Model Annotation
NOTICE whom the story is ANNOTATE by marking

about, what happens, where vocabulary and key passages
and when it happens, and you want to revisit.

why those involved react as
they do.
STANDARDS CONNECT ideas within RESPOND by completing

Reading Literature the selection to what you the Comprehension Check and
6.RL.RRTC.10 Read and already know and what you by writing a brief summary.
comprehend a variety of literature have already read.
throughout the grades 6-8 text
complexity band proficiently, with a
gradual release of scaffolding at the
high end as needed.
Reading Informational Text
6.RI.RRTC.10 Read and
comprehend a variety of literary
nonfiction throughout the grades
6-8 text complexity band proficiently,
with a gradual release of scaffolding
at the high end as needed.
ANCHOR TEXT | MEMOIR IN VERSE
from
Brown Girl
Dreaming
Jacqueline Woodson
BACKGROUND
As a child in the 1960s, Jacqueline Woodson moved with her family
from Greenville, South Carolina, to Brooklyn, in New York City. Her
memoir Brown Girl Dreaming tells of her childhood experiences growing
up in both places. In a memoir, an author recalls important events in
his or her life. Brown Girl Dreaming is unique as a memoir because it is
written in verse, or as poetry.
brooklyn rain
NOTES
The rain here is different than the way
it rains in Greenville. No sweet smell of honeysuckle.
No soft squish of pine. No slip and slide through grass. squish (skwihsh) n. spongy,
Just Mama saying, Stay inside today. It‘s raining, cushioned feeling when
walking on a flexible
5 and me at the window. Nothing to do but
surface
watch
the gray sidewalk grow darker,
watch
the drops slide down the glass pane,
10 watch
people below me move fast, heads bent.
Already there are stories

in my head. Already color and sound and words.
from Brown Girl Dreaming 13

Already I’m
NOTES 15 drawing circles on the glass, humming
humming (HUHM ihng) v. myself someplace far away from here.
singing with closed lips
and without words Down south, there was always someplace else to go
you could step out into the rain and
Grandma would let you
20 lift your head and stick out your tongue
be happy.
Down south already feels like a long time ago

but the stories in my head
take me back there, set me down in Daddy’s garden
25 where the sun is always shining.
* * *
another way
While our friends are watching TV or playing outside,
we are in our house, knowing that begging our mother
to turn the television on is useless, begging her for
ten minutes outside will only mean her saying,
5 No. Saying,
You can run wild with your friends anytime. Today
I want you to find another way to play.
And then one day my mother

comes home with two shopping bags
10 filled with board games—Monopoly, checkers, chess,
Ants in the Pants, Sorry, Trouble,
just about every game we’ve ever seen
in the commercials between
our Saturday morning cartoons.
15 So many games, we don’t know Copyright © Savvas Learning Company LLC. All Rights Reserved.
where to begin playing, so we let Roman choose.

And he chooses Trouble
because he likes the sound the die makes
when it pops inside
20 its plastic bubble. And for days and days,
it is Christmas in November,
games to play when our homework is done,
Monopoly money to count
and checkers to slam down on boards, ants to flip
25 into blue plastic pants,
chess pieces to practice moving until we understand
their power
and when we don’t, Roman and I argue
that there’s another way to play
30 called Our Way. But Hope and Dell tell us
that we’re too immature to even begin to understand NOTES
then bend over the chessboard in silence, each becoming

the next chess champ of the house, depending on the day
and the way the game is played.
35 Sometimes, Roman and I leave Hope and Dell alone

go to another corner of the room and become
what the others call us—the two youngest,
playing games we know the rules to
tic-tac-toe and checkers,
40 hangman and connect the dots
but mostly, we lean over their shoulders

as quietly as we can, watching
waiting
wanting to understand
45 how to play another way.
* * *
gifted CLOSE READ

ANNOTATE: In “gifted,”
Everyone knows my sister
mark the words that are
is brilliant. The letters come home folded neatly repeated in lines 5–7.
inside official-looking envelopes that my sister proudly
hands over to my mother. QUESTION: Why has the
poet chosen to repeat
5 Odella has achieved
these words?
Odella has excelled at
Odella has been recommended to CONCLUDE: What effect
Odella’s outstanding performance in does this repetition have
on the reader?
She is gifted
we are told.
10
And I imagine presents surrounding her.
I am not gifted. When I read, the words twist twist (twihst) v. wind or
twirlacross the page. spin around one another
When they settle, it is too late. twirl (twurl) v. turn around
15 The class has already moved on. and around quickly
I want to catch words one day. I want to hold them

then blow gently,
watch them float
right out of my hands.
* * *

sometimes
NOTES
There is only one other house on our block
where a father doesn’t live. When somebody asks why,
the boy says, He died.
The girl looks off, down the block, her thumb
5 slowly rising to her mouth. The boy says,
I was a baby. Says, She doesn’t remember him
and points to his silent sister.
CLOSE READ Sometimes, I lie about my father.

ANNOTATE: Mark words He died, I say, in a car wreck or
that indicate the exact 10 He fell off a roof or maybe
words of Woodson and He’s coming soon.
her sister in lines 9–23 of
Next week and
“sometimes.”
next week and
QUESTION: What can you next week . . . but
tell about Woodson from 15 if my sister’s nearby
these lines? What can you
she shakes her head. Says,
tell about her sister?
She’s making up stories again.
CONCLUDE: How does Says,
this dialogue help you We don’t have a father anymore.
understand the differences 20 Says,
between Woodson and
Our grandfather’s our father now.
her sister?
Says,
Sometimes, that’s the way things happen.
* * *
uncle robert
Uncle Robert has moved to New York City!
I hear him taking the stairs

two at a time and then
he is at our door, knocking loud until our mother Copyright © Savvas Learning Company LLC. All Rights Reserved.
opens it,
5 curlers in her hair, robe pulled closed, whispering,
It’s almost midnight, don’t you wake my children!
But we are already awake, all four of us, smiling

and jumping around
my uncle: What’d you bring me?
shushes (SHUHSH ihz) v. tells Our mama shushes us, says,

or signals someone to be 10 It’s too late for presents and the like.
quiet But we want presents and the like.
And she, too, is smiling now, happy to see her
baby brother who lives all the way over
in Far Rockaway where the ocean is right there
if you look out your window.
15 Robert opens his hand to reveal a pair of silver earrings,
says to my sister, This is a gift for how smart you are. NOTES
I want
to be smart like Dell, I want
someone to hand me silver and gold
20 just because my brain clicks into thinking whenever
it needs to but
I am not smart like Dell so I watch her press CLOSE READ
the silver moons into her ears ANNOTATE: Mark details
I say, I know a girl ten times smarter than her. She gets in lines 15–23 of “uncle
diamonds every time she gets a hundred on a test. robert” that show what
the poet is thinking.
And Robert looks at me, his dark eyes smiling, asks,
Is that something you made up? Or something real? QUESTION: Why might
In my own head, the poet have included
25 it’s real as anything. these details?
In my head CONCLUDE: What do

these details suggest
all kinds of people are doing all kinds of things.
about the poet’s
I want to tell him this, that character?
the world we’re living in right here in Brownsville isn’t
30 the only place. But now my brothers are asking,
What’d you bring me, and my uncle is pulling gifts

from his pockets,
from his leather briefcase, from inside his socks.
He hands
my mother a record, a small 45—James Brown,1
who none of us
like because he screams when he sings. But my mother
puts it on the record player, turned way down low
and then even us kids are dancing around—
Robert showing us the steps he learned
at the Far Rockaway parties. His feet are magic
35 and we all try to slide across the floor like he does,
our own feet, again and again,
betraying us.
Teach us, Robert! we keep saying. Teach us!
* * *
1. James Brown (1933–2006) American singer and dancer, and founding father of funk
music. He is often referred to as the “Godfather of Soul.”

wishes
NOTES
When he takes us to the park, Uncle Robert tells us,
If you catch a dandelion puff, you can make a wish.
Anything you want will come true, he says as
feathery (FEHTH uhr ee) we chase the feathery wishes around swings,
adj. light and airy, like the 5 beneath sliding boards,
touch of a feather
until we can hold them in our hands,
close our eyes tight, whisper our dream
CLOSE READ then set it floating out into the universe hoping
ANNOTATE: Mark details
our uncle is telling the truth,
in lines 4-8 of “wishes”
10 hoping each thing we wish for
that refer to things you
can touch. Mark other will one day come true.
words that refer to things
you can feel or think, but * * *
cannot touch.
QUESTION: Why does the believing

poet use these different
kinds of details?
The stories start like this—
CONCLUDE: How do Jack and Jill went up a hill, my uncle sings.

these details help the I went up a hill yesterday, I say.
reader understand what What hill?
the wishes mean to the 5 In the park.
children? What park?
Halsey Park.
Who was with you?
Nobody.
10 But you’re not allowed to go to the park without anyone.
I just did.
Maybe you dreamed it, my uncle says.
No, I really went.
And my uncle likes the stories I’m making up.

15 . . . Along came a spider and sat down beside her.
I got bit by a spider, I say.
When?
The other day.
Where?
20 Right on my foot.
Show us.
It’s gone now.
But my mother accuses me of lying.

If you lie, she says, one day you’ll steal.
25 I won’t steal.
It’s hard to understand how one leads to the other,
how stories could ever
make us criminals.
It’s hard to understand
30 the way my brain works—so different NOTES
from everybody around me. CLOSE READ

How each new story ANNOTATE: In lines 23–38
I’m told becomes a thing of “believing,” mark
that happens, words that show how the
poet’s mother reacts to
35 in some other way
her stories. Then, mark
to me . . . !
words that show how her
uncle reacts.
Keep making up stories, my uncle says.
You’re lying, my mother says. QUESTION: Why does
the poet include these
Maybe the truth is somewhere in between different reactions?
40 all that I’m told CONCLUDE: How does
and memory. this contrast help the
reader better understand
“another way,” “believing,” “brooklyn rain,” “gifted,” “sometimes,” “uncle robert,” “wishes” and “believing” from Brown
Girl Dreaming by Jacqueline Woodson, copyright © 2014 by Jacqueline Woodson. Used by permission of Nancy Paulsen
the poet’s struggle?
Books, an imprint of Penguin Young Readers Group, a division of Penguin Random House LLC.
Comprehension Check
Complete the following items after you finish your first read.
1. In “brooklyn rain,” what does Woodson’s mother say?
2. In “gifted,” what does the poet hope she will one day be able to do with words?
3. In “uncle robert,” what do Woodson and her siblings want their uncle to
teach them?
4. Notebook Write a mini-summary (one or two sentences) of each poem in

the excerpt from Brown Girl Dreaming.
RESEARCH
Research to Clarify Choose at least one unfamiliar detail from the excerpt. Briefly
research that detail. In what way does the information you learned help you better
understand an aspect of the memoir?

MAKING MEANING
Close Read the Text

1. This model, from lines 1–6 of “brooklyn rain,” shows two
sample annotations, along with questions and conclusions.
Close read the passage, and find another detail to annotate.
from BROWN GIRL DREAMING
Then, write a question and your conclusion.
ANNOTATE: These phrases appeal to the

senses of smell and touch.
QUESTION: Why does Woodson use
language that appeals to the senses? ANNOTATE: The
word No repeats.
CONCLUDE: These phrases create images
for readers of how Woodson experienced QUESTION: Why
the rain in Greenville. does Woodson
repeat the word
No?
The rain here is different than
CONCLUDE:
the way/it rains in Greenville. No The repetition
sweet smell of honeysuckle./No emphasizes the
soft squish of pine. No slip and slide ways in which
through grass./Just mama saying, Woodson’s life
in Brooklyn is
Stay inside today. It’s raining,/and different from her
me at the window. Nothing to do life in Greenville.
but/watch . . .
Tool Kit 2. For more practice, go back into the text, and complete the
Close-Read Guide and close-read notes.
Model Annotation 3. Revisit a section of the text you found important during your
first read. Read this section closely, and annotate what you
notice. Ask yourself questions such as “Why did the author
make this choice?” What can you conclude?
STANDARDS

Reading Literature
6.RL.CS.5 Analyze how a particular
CITE TEXTUAL EVIDENCE
sentence, chapter, scene, or stanza
fits into the overall structure of a text
Analyze the Text to support your answers.
and contributes to the development
of the theme, setting, or plot.
Notebook Respond to these questions.
6.RL.CS.6 Determine an author’s 1. (a) List three details from the poems that connect to an aspect of
point of view or purpose in a text
Woodson’s personality. (b) Make Inferences What do these details
and explain how it is conveyed in
a text. suggest about Woodson as a child?
Reading Informational Text 2. Speculate Why do you think Woodson likes to make up stories
6.RI.CS.5 Analyze how a particular
sentence, paragraph, chapter, or so much?
section fits into the overall structure 3. Make a Judgment Woodson’s mother worries that if Woodson lies,
of a text and contributes to the
development of the ideas. one day she will steal. Do you think this is a reasonable concern? Explain.
6.RI.CS.6 Determine an author’s 4. Essential Question: What are some of the challenges and
point of view or purpose in a text
and explain how it is conveyed in
triumphs of growing up? What have you learned about the
the text. challenges and triumphs of growing up from reading this selection?
Analyze Craft and Structure

Memoir and Poetry In a memoir, an author tells a true story of an
important time in his or her life. Most memoirs are written in first-
person point of view, or from the author’s perspective. The author tells
what happened and what he or she thought and felt about it. Memoirs
are usually written in prose, or complete sentences and paragraphs.
Most also use dialogue to show how people speak and what they are
like. In this memoir, Jacqueline Woodson takes a different approach.
Instead of prose, she tells her story in a series of poems that include these
elements:
• stanzas, or sections, rather than paragraphs
• complete sentences that are broken up into separate lines
• language that breaks certain rules— for example, Woodson
sometimes uses sentence fragments and nonstandard capitalization
(see the sentence fragment in lines 32–36 of “believing”)
Woodson’s choice to tell her story through poems affects how readers
understand it. It allows Woodson to emphasize certain words, phrases,
and ideas. She also uses storytelling elements, such as dialogue. This
combination of poetry and storytelling helps Woodson immerse readers
even more deeply into her childhood world.

Practice to support your answers.

1. (a) Identify one example of a private thought or feeling Woodson
shares in her memoir. (b) Explain how the use of first-person point of view
allows her to share this detail.
2. (a) Identify the sentence fragments in lines 2–3 of “brooklyn rain.” (b) Explain
how these fragments help to create a vivid picture of the rain in Greenville.
3. (a) In lines 4–11 of “brooklyn rain,” what word appears on its own line three
times? (b) Read the lines aloud. Why do you think Woodson chose to set this
word apart in this way?
4. (a) In line 23 of “sometimes,” Woodson’s sister says “Sometimes, that’s the way
things happen.” What does this tell you about her sister’s feelings about life?
(b) How might the stories of Woodson’s childhood be different if they were told
from her sister’s point of view?

LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT
Concept Vocabulary
squish twist shushes
humming twirl feathery
Why These Words? These concept words are all examples of sensory
language, or words that appeal to the five senses: touch, sight, smell,
hearing, and taste. In Brown Girl Dreaming, Woodson uses these sensory
words to create imagery, or vivid word pictures. Imagery helps readers
understand ideas in a deeper way than plain explanations might allow.
For example, the words twist and twirl help the reader understand
Woodson’s difficulty with reading: “the words twist / twirl across the
page.”
1. How does the concept vocabulary sharpen the reader’s understanding

of Woodson’s feelings?
2. What other words in the selection are examples of sensory language?
Practice
Notebook The concept vocabulary words appear in Brown
! WORD NETWORK Girl Dreaming.
Add words related to 1. Find each concept vocabulary word in the text, and write down the
childhood from the text to sentence in which it appears. Then, rewrite each sentence without
your Word Network. using any sensory language. Make sure the sentence has the same
STANDARDS basic meaning. For example, “When I read, the words twist / twirl
Reading Literature across the page” might become “When I read, I have trouble
6.RL.CS.4 Determine the meaning
following the words.”
of words and phrases as they are
used in a text, including figurative 2. How did your changes affect the meaning of the sentences? Did
and connotative meanings; analyze
the impact of specific word choices
removing the sensory language improve your understanding of the
on meaning and tone, including concept vocabulary? If so, how?
allusions to other texts.

Language
6.L.CSE.2 Demonstrate command of Word Study
the conventions of standard English
capitalization, punctuation, and Notebook Onomatopoeia The concept vocabulary words squish,
spelling. When reading or writing, humming, and shushes are examples of onomatopoeia, or words that
explain the functions of commas,
parentheses, and dashes to set off imitate the sounds they mean. Animal sounds—such as woof, moo, and
parenthetical elements and use them meow—are other examples of onomatopoeia.
correctly to do so.
6.L.KL.3 When writing and speaking, 1. Use each onomatopoeic concept vocabulary word in a sentence of
vary sentence patterns for meaning, your own.
reader/listener interest, and style;
maintain consistency in style and
tone. 2. Jot down other examples of onomatopoeia that you have come across
6.L.VAU.5 When reading, listening, in your own experience or in the selection.
writing, and speaking, explain the
function of figurative language,
word relationships, and connotation/
denotation and use them correctly
and effectively.
Conventions
Common, Proper, and Possessive Nouns A noun names a person, a
place, a thing, or an idea. Here are several types of nouns:
• A common noun names any one of a class of people, places, things,

or ideas. Common nouns are not capitalized.
• A proper noun names a specific person, place, thing, or idea. Proper
nouns are capitalized. However, a poet may sometimes choose not
to capitalize a proper noun, for effect or for style. For example,
Jacqueline Woodson doesn’t capitalize brooklyn, even though it is
the name of a specific place.
• A possessive noun shows ownership. Possessive nouns function
as adjectives by modifying a noun or pronoun in a sentence. Most
singular possessive nouns end in an apostrophe and the letter s (’s).
An example is sister’s. Most plural possessive nouns end in the letter
s and an apostrophe (s’). An example is sisters’.
The chart shows examples of common, proper, and possessive nouns
from the excerpt from Brown Girl Dreaming.
COMMON NOUNS PROPER NOUNS POSSESSIVE NOUNS
And my uncle likes the stories I’m . . . Robert showing us the steps . . . stories in my head / take
making up. (“believing,” line 14) he learned / at the Far Rockaway me back there, set me down in
parties. (“uncle robert,” Daddy’s garden. . . . (“brooklyn
lines 33–34) rain,” lines 23–24)
Read It
1. In each sentence, mark proper nouns that should be capitalized. Add
an apostrophe to possessive nouns where needed.
a. hopes home in south carolina is very different from ericas home in
new york.
b. jacquelines plans for the weekend include hiking in smith park and
calling her grandmother in arizona.
c. uncle roberts silly songs and dance lessons make us smile and laugh.
2. Reread “brooklyn rain.” Then, mark at least one common noun, one
proper noun, and one possessive noun in the poem.
Write It
Notebook Write a paragraph about the similarities and the
differences between Woodson and her sister Odella. Include at least two
proper nouns and one possessive noun. Label all common nouns.

EFFECTIVE EXPRESSION
Writing to Sources
In Brown Girl Dreaming, Jacqueline Woodson tells stories in poem form
about specific moments from her childhood. In each poem, she also
shares her thoughts and feelings about the moment she describes. The
separate poems work together to tell the story of Woodson’s childhood.
Assignment
Write a brief poem in which you use Woodson’s memoir as inspiration.
Follow these steps:
• Choose a single moment on which to focus. It can be something
small or seemingly unimportant. For example, you might write
about what you see from your window in the morning, or about
eating lunch at school. Then, write a regular prose paragraph in
which you describe the moment. Include details that show what
the moment looked and felt like.
• Change your paragraph into a poem by applying elements of
poetry such as the ones Woodson uses. For example, break up
sentences to make poetic lines. Consider repeating important
words or setting them on their own lines. You may even play with
incomplete sentences or fragments. Try to make the moment you
described in your paragraph even more vivid as a poem.
• Once your poem is organized, consider adding dialogue or more
descriptive details. Alternatively, you may need to cut some
details. Work to make your poem capture the moment and
make it fresh and alive for readers.
Vocabulary Connection Consider using several of the concept

vocabulary words in your writing.
squish twist shushes

humming twirl feathery
STANDARDS
Writing
6.W.TTP.3 Write narratives (fiction Reflect on Your Writing
and nonfiction) to develop real or
imagined experiences or events After you have written your poem, answer the following questions.
using effective techniques, relevant
descriptive details, and well- 1. What was the most challenging part of the assignment?
structured event sequences.
d. Use narrative techniques,
such as dialogue, pacing, and 2. What poetic and narrative techniques did you use in your writing?
description when appropriate, to
develop experiences, events, and/or How did they help you bring your ideas to life?
characters.
6.W.RBPK.9 Support interpretations,
analyses, reflections, or research with 3. Why These Words? The words you choose make a difference in
evidence found in literature or literary
nonfiction texts, applying grade 6
your writing. Which words did you choose to create a vivid picture
standards for reading. for your readers?
Speaking and Listening

Assignment
In the last three lines of the excerpt, Woodson questions the
differences between the ideas in her head and reality: “Maybe the
truth is somewhere in between / all that I’m told / and memory.”
Woodson also discusses how her mother often says she is lying.
In telling stories, do you think Woodson is lying or just using her
imagination? Is there a point at which the use of imagination becomes
a lie? Take a position on these questions, and participate in a brief
partner discussion in which you express your views. Use examples
from the text and from your own experience to support your ideas.
After you and your partner talk, regroup with the class and share
highlights of your discussion.
1. Prepare for the Discussion Decide whether you think Woodson’s

! EVIDENCE LOG
Before moving on to a
use of imagination as a child goes so far it could be considered lying.
new selection, go to your
Then, determine why you feel this way. Note examples from the text
Evidence Log, and record
and your own experience to support your reasons.
what you learned from
2. Discuss With Your Partner Use your notes as you and your partner Brown Girl Dreaming.
talk about the issue. Consider the following questions:
• Do you and your partner agree on your basic position?
• If so, do you have similar or different reasons and examples that
support your position?
• If not, do the reasons and examples your partner offers change
your opinion?
3. Discuss With Your Class Begin the class discussion by having each
set of partners take turns offering a different idea about Woodson’s
use of imagination. Do not repeat an idea that was already introduced
by your classmates; try to come up with a new idea even if it was
not the one you had originally planned on sharing. Once each set of
partners has contributed, discuss the ways in which your ideas are
similar and different.

4. Reflect on the Discussion After both the partner and group
discussions, consider how talking about ideas helped you better
understand your own thinking. Did your initial position change as a
result of the discussions? Why or why not?
STANDARDS
6.SL.CC.1 Prepare for collaborative
discussions on 6th grade level topics
and texts; engage effectively with
varied partners, building on others’
ideas and expressing one’s own ideas
clearly.

MAKING MEANING
About the Artist

Gallery of Calvin and Hobbes
Comics
Media Vocabulary
The following words will be useful to you as you analyze, discuss, and
write about the comic strips.
The cartoonist Bill Watterson
(b. 1958) is the creator of the panel: individual frame of • Panels work together to tell a story.
popular Calvin and Hobbes a comic, depicting a single • Panels cannot show everything that happens,
comic strip and a two-time moment so readers must use their imaginations to fill in
recipient of the Reuben Award
for Outstanding Cartoonist the blanks.
of the Year. He graduated encapsulation: choice • The layout of the scenes influences the
from Kenyon College in Ohio, of important scenes to readers’ interpretations.
and he had his first Calvin display in each panel
and Hobbes strip published
• Authors and cartoonists can use size and shape
at the age of twenty-seven. to give more or less weight, or importance,
Watterson fought against to scenes.
the commercialization and speech balloon: display • The size, shape, and color of the speech
merchandising of his comics.
of what a character is balloon can show the emotion of the speaker.
speaking or thinking • Speech balloons can also show emotion
or meaning through the use of
punctuation marks.
First Review MEDIA: ART AND PHOTOGRAPHY

Apply these strategies as you conduct your first review. You will have an
opportunity to complete a close review after your first review.
LOOK at each image and NOTE elements in each image

determine whom or what it that you find interesting and
portrays. want to revisit.
STANDARDS
Reading Literature CONNECT details in the RESPOND by completing the
6.RL.RRTC.10 Read and images to other media you've Comprehension Check.
comprehend a variety of literature
throughout the grades 6-8 text
experienced, texts you've read,
complexity band proficiently, with a or images you've seen.
high end as needed.
Language
6.L.VAU.6 Acquire and accurately
use grade-appropriate general
academic and domain-specific words
and phrases; develop vocabulary
knowledge when considering
a word or phrase important to
comprehension or expression.
MEDIA | COMIC STRIP
Gallery of Calvin and

Hobbes Comics Bill Watterson
BACKGROUND
Calvin and Hobbes was a highly popular comic strip that ran from 1985
to 1995. It follows the adventures of Calvin, a clever six-year-old with
a wild imagination, and his stuffed tiger and imaginary friend, Hobbes.
Calvin and Hobbes has appeared in thousands of newspapers worldwide
and has attracted fans of all ages.
NOTES
Gallery of Calvin and Hobbes Comics 27

CARTOON 1: Ghosts
NOTES
CARTOON 2: Do You Like Her?
NOTES
CARTOON 3: Snowman Xing
NOTES
Comprehension Check
Complete the following items after you finish your first review.
1. In "Ghosts," where are Calvin and Hobbes?

2. In “Do You Like Her?” how does Calvin respond when Hobbes asks him whether he likes
the new girl in his class?
3. In “Snowman Xing,” why does Calvin’s dad yell to Calvin that he’s late for work?
4. Notebook Write a one-sentence description of each comic strip.
Gallery of Calvin and Hobbes Comics 29

MAKING MEANING
Close Review
Revisit the comic strips and your first-review notes. Write
down any new observations that seem important. What
questions do you have? What can you conclude?
GALLERY OF CALVIN AND
HOBBES COMICS
Analyze the Media

1. Make Inferences An inference is a conclusion you draw about
something that is not directly stated or shown. (a) In “Ghosts,” what
do you think happens between the third and fourth panels? (b) What
details in the comic support your inference?
2. Speculate Why do you think Calvin refuses to answer Hobbes’s

questions about the new girl in class? Explain.
3. Draw Conclusions What can you tell about the relationship between
Calvin and Hobbes ? Explain, citing details from the comics that you
used to draw your conclusion.
4. Essential Question: What are some of the challenges and

triumphs of growing up? What have you learned about the
challenges and triumphs of growing up by reading these comic strips?
Media Vocabulary
panel encapsulation speech balloon
STANDARDS
Reading Literature Respond to these questions.
6.RL.KID.1 Analyze what a text says 1. Why might Watterson have included only one panel in
explicitly and draw logical inferences;
cite textual evidence to support “Snowman Xing”?
conclusions.
Writing
6.W.RBPK.7 Conduct research
to answer a question, drawing on
multiple sources and refocusing the
inquiry when appropriate.
2. In “Do You Like Her?” how does Watterson indicate that a character is
Speaking and Listening speaking with emotion?
ideas and expressing one’s own ideas
clearly. 3. In “Ghosts,” some of the panels include dialogue, whereas others
6.SL.CC.2 Interpret information do not. Why do you think Watterson chose to have panels without
presented in diverse media formats; dialogue in this comic strip?
explain how source information
contributes to a topic, text, or issue
under study.
Research
Assignment
Calvin and Hobbes was a very popular comic strip, which appeared in
newspapers for more than ten years. Conduct research in preparation
for a class discussion about what made this comic strip so popular.
In your research, look for examples of the comic strip from different
years, information about Bill Watterson, and comments by fans in
response to the comics.
Conduct Research To prepare for the class discussion, consider these

questions, as well as questions of your own, and perform research to
answer them.
• What did fans like about the comic strip?
• Why did Watterson create Calvin and Hobbes? What were his influences?
• What qualities do you think made the comic strip successful for so long?
• Do you think the comic strip would still be popular today? Why or
why not?
As you conduct your research, follow these guidelines.
• Consult multiple reliable sources of information—both print
and digital. Ask yourself questions like the ones in the chart to make
sure the sources you consult are reliable.
MAIN QUESTION RELATED QUESTIONS
Does the source have a good • Who is responsible for the information? Is it a person, a publisher,
reputation? or another organization?
• Do people generally agree that the source is trustworthy?
Does the source present solid facts? • Does the source present mostly facts or mostly opinions?
• If it expresses opinions, does it clearly say so?
Does the source avoid bias— • Does the source ignore any facts that are important?
prejudice or an unfair opinion? • Does the source twist the meaning of any facts?
• Jot down relevant details and examples to support your ideas during
the class discussion.
• Write down any additional questions that your research raises and
that you would like to discuss with the class.
! EVIDENCE LOG
Hold a Discussion As a class, discuss the findings of your research. Keep
Before moving on to a
the following tips in mind:
• Support your ideas by citing specific details from the selection and Evidence Log, and record
your research. what you learned from
the gallery of Calvin and
• If you are unsure of what other classmates are trying to say, ask
Hobbes comics.
questions to help them expand on their ideas.
• Reflect on new ideas that other classmates express, and paraphrase
their ideas to confirm your understanding of them. To paraphrase,
restate their ideas in your own words. Gallery of Calvin and Hobbes Comics 31
PERFORMANCE TASK: WRITING FOCUS
WRITING TO SOURCES
• from BROWN GIRL

Write a Nonfiction Narrative
DREAMING
You have read selections in which people use their imaginations in
different ways to shape their childhood worlds. In the Calvin and Hobbes
• GALLERY OF CALVIN AND comics, a young boy experiences life’s ups and downs with his constant
HOBBES COMICS companion and imaginary friend. In the excerpt from Brown Girl
Dreaming, Jacqueline Woodson describes how she used her imagination
to navigate the challenges of growing up. Now, you will explore this idea
Tool Kit by writing a personal narrative in which you tell a story about your own
Student Model
experience with imagination.
of a Narrative
ACADEMIC
Assignment
VOCABULARY In the poem “another day,” Jacqueline Woodson’s mother tells the
children, “Today I want you to find another way to play.” Write a
As you craft your
nonfiction narrative,
personal narrative in response to the following prompt:
consider using some of the When did you have to use your imagination to find
academic vocabulary you another way to do something?
learned in the beginning
For example, perhaps you found another way to play, solve a problem,
of the unit.
make a friend, or learn a new skill. In your narrative, tell the story
reflect
of your experience and reflect on the ways in which using your
notable
imagination made things better.
contribute
recognize
memorize
Elements of a Nonfiction Narrative
A nonfiction narrative is a true story. A personal narrative is a true
STANDARDS story about the writer’s own life. In a personal narrative, the writer uses
Writing
6.W.TTP.3 Write narratives (fiction
the first-person point of view to relate experiences and events.
imagined experiences or events
A well-written nonfiction narrative contains the following elements:
using effective techniques, relevant • a conflict or problem
descriptive details, and well-
structured event sequences. • people who play a role in the events described in the narrative
e. Use a variety of transition • a clear sequence of events with transitional words and phrases that
words, phrases, and clauses to
show shifts in time or setting and show relationships among events
convey sequence, signal shifts,
and show the relationships among • narrative techniques, such as dialogue, description, and pacing, that
experiences and events.
f. Craft an effective and relevant
help to convey experiences and events in a memorable way
conclusion that reflects on the • precise words, descriptive details, and sensory language that show
narrated experiences or events.
g. Use precise words and phrases,
what settings and people are like
relevant descriptive details, and • a conclusion that follows from the experiences and events in the
sensory language to convey
narrative
6.W.PDW.4 Produce clear and LAUNCH TEXT
coherent writing in which the Model Nonfiction Narrative For a model of a UNIT
1 INTRODUCTION
LAUNCH TEXT | NONFICTION NARRATIVE
Wagon Train
development, organization, and style well-crafted nonfiction narrative, see the Launch
This selection is an example of
a nonfiction narrative, a type of
at Dusk
writing in which an author tells
a true story. This is the type of
writing you will develop in the
Performance‑Based Assessment at
are appropriate to task, purpose, and

the end of the unit.
Text, “Wagon Train at Dusk.”

As you read, look at the way
the author describes events and
experiences. Mark the text to
help you answer this question:
audience.
What descriptive details make this
narrative realistic and memorable?
6.W.RW.10 Write routinely over Challenge yourself to find all of the elements of an NOTES
1
“S ometimes you just have to laugh,” I tell my daughter, who is

having an especially bad day. She’s lost her favorite bracelet,
extended time frames and shorter

she turned in the wrong homework assignment, and she just
effective nonfiction narrative in the text. You will

found out she would be playing Marshmallow #2 in the class play.
2 “Oh, you wouldn’t understand,” Sarah says, sulkily.
3 I ask her if I’ve ever told her the story of the diorama.
4 “Yes, Dad. More than once,” she says.
time frames for a range of discipline-

5 That doesn’t stop me. “When I was in the sixth grade,” I say
in my storyteller’s voice, “we had to make shoebox dioramas
have an opportunity to review these elements as

of a scene from American history. I decided to do a wagon train
traveling across the Great Plains in the mid-1800s.”

6 Sarah pretends she isn’t rolling her eyes, but I keep going.
specific tasks, purposes, and

“I wanted it to be great. A diorama to end all dioramas! I wanted
to be famous. I wanted to be on the local news. But what I really
wanted was to show up Jorge Nuñez,” I say.
7 “Jorge and I had been in the same class since fourth grade.
you prepare to write your own nonfiction narrative.

We were pretty evenly matched when it came to test scores and
audiences.
homework, but for hands-on projects, there was no one like Jorge.
He always came up with these unique creations, beautifully
conceived and executed. Jorge’s mom and dad were architects, so
maybe he had a leg up, but who knows.”
8 Sarah shrugs in sympathy—which I take as permission to
continue. “As soon as I heard Jorge announce that he was making
a shoebox diorama of a log cabin, I decided to go one better. I’d
LIT21_SE06_TN_U01_LT.indd 6 24/01/20 1:22 AM

Prewriting / Planning
Focus Your Topic Reread the assignment. Consider the experience you would like to
describe in your narrative. Summarize what happens in your narrative by completing this
sentence starter.
I used my imagination to find another way to do something when
Explore Setting Vivid, specific descriptions of places in your story can help your readers
better understand your experiences and insights. Use the chart to write down the places
you want to describe. Then, note sensory details you can use to bring those places to life
for readers.
PLACES SENSORY DETAILS (sights, sounds, smells, tastes, sensations)
Gather Details About People and Events Now that you have thought
about the setting of your narrative, gather details about the people and
events. To do so, think about these questions:
• Events: What events triggered the need for you to use your STANDARDS
Writing
imagination? What events occurred as a result? 6.W.TTP.3 Write narratives (fiction
• People: Who are the main characters of your narrative? What and nonfiction) to develop real or
specific words describe their personalities? How did they respond to using effective techniques, relevant
the events you are describing? descriptive details, and well-
Study the Launch Text to identify ways in which the writer uses details to b. Organize an event sequence that
make the people, setting, and events come alive. unfolds naturally and logically.
Identify the Conflict A successful narrative centers around a clear such as dialogue, pacing, and
conflict. Narrow your focus by identifying a specific conflict you will develop experiences, events, and/or
explore in your nonfiction story. To do so, ask yourself these questions: characters.
6.W.PDW.5 With some guidance
• What did I want? Why did I have to find another way to get it? Who and support from peers and adults,
or what was getting in the way? develop and strengthen writing as
needed by planning, revising, editing,
• How did using my imagination help me overcome this obstacle? rewriting, or trying a new approach.
Performance Task: Write a Nonfiction Narrative 33

Drafting
Organize a Sequence of Events Narratives are often organized in
chronological order, so that one event leads to the next in the order in
which they actually happened. Use the organizer to list the events of your
story in chronological order. Fill out the “First” line and the “Next” lines.
Add more lines, if necessary.
CHRONOLOGICAL SEQUENCE OF EVENTS
1. First:
2. Next:
3. Next:
4. Next:
5. Next:
Signal Shifts Think about places in your story where the sequence of
events might be more complicated. Consider these questions:
• Does the story start out in one setting and move to another?
STANDARDS • Does a new person enter the story?
Writing • Does something happen either before or after the main events?
and nonfiction) to develop real or Time-order transitions, such as first, then, next, earlier, and later can
imagined experiences or events help you establish a clear order of events. Spatial-order transitions
descriptive details, and well- such as in front of, in the distance, beyond, and nearby can help you
structured event sequences. make settings clearer. Examples of transitional phrases and clauses that
can show relationships between experiences and events are as I Copyright © Savvas Learning Company LLC. All Rights Reserved.
a. Engage and orient the reader by
establishing a context and point
was thinking, another important realization, both events, while this was
of view and introducing a speaker/
narrator and/or participants/ happening, and the like. Determine which transition words to use, and
characters. where in your narrative to use them.
c. Create a smooth progression of
experiences or events. Write a First Draft Use your chronological list as a guide as you draft
e. Use a variety of transition your story. Add an introduction in which you describe the setting and
words, phrases, and clauses to
convey sequence, signal shifts, people involved. Add an effective conclusion in which you reflect on
and show the relationships among what the experiences you describe meant to you or what you learned
experiences and events. from them.
conclusion that reflects on the
6.W.PDW.4 Produce clear and
coherent writing in which the
development, organization, and style
are appropriate to task, purpose, and
audience.
Author’s Style: Voice

Voice A writer’s voice is the personality that comes through his or her STYLE
language. It is the quality that makes your writing sound like you. These Use sensory language to
literary elements help to create a writer’s voice: make your descriptions
come alive. Don’t just tell
• Word Choice: the words a writer chooses readers that a noise was
• Sentence Structure: the way the writer constructs sentences loud—use precise words to
show them.
• Tone: the writer’s attitude toward the subject
Read It
This chart identifies some of the elements that create the voice of the
author of the Launch Text. STANDARDS
Writing
Vivid Words jolted awake by a ripping sound and nonfiction) to develop real or
• That doesn’t stop me. descriptive details, and well-
Short and Long
• He always came up with these unique structured event sequences.
Sentences
creations, beautifully conceived and executed. a. Engage and orient the reader by
establishing a context and point
Casual Tone “Nope,” I tell her. of view and introducing a speaker/
narrator and/or participants/
characters.
Write It such as dialogue, pacing, and
Ask yourself the following questions to help develop your voice. develop experiences, events, and/or
characters.
• Am I using words with which I am comfortable, even as I try to g. Use precise words and phrases,
stretch my vocabulary? relevant descriptive details, and
• Do my descriptions really show how I see things? experiences and events.
• Does my writing seem true and authentic? Language
6.L.KL.3 When writing and speaking,
Also, make sure to consider your readers by varying your sentence vary sentence patterns for meaning,
structures. For example, though this is being written from your point of reader/listener interest, and style;
maintain consistency in style and

view, avoid beginning too many sentences with the word I. The chart
tone.
shows some ideas that can help you develop your voice.
ORIGINAL HOW TO ADD VARIETY REVISION
I was happy to see my father at Start your sentence with a Delighted, I watched my father
the airport. word that describes your emerge from behind the sliding glass
emotion or mood. door into the baggage claim area.
I excitedly waved to him as soon Move another part of the As soon as he noticed me, I excitedly
as he noticed me. sentence to the beginning. waved to him.
He told me he had some good Start with a direct quotation “Katie,” he started, “I’ve been waiting
news to share with me. instead of writing that all week to tell you this.”
someone said something.

Revising
Evaluating Your Draft
Use the following checklist to evaluate the effectiveness of your first
draft. Then, use the checklist and the instruction on this page to guide
your revision.
FOCUS AND ORGANIZATION EVIDENCE AND ELABORATION CONVENTIONS
Provides an introduction that Effectively uses narrative Is free of grammar and

establishes the setting and techniques, such as spelling errors.
introduces the people being dialogue, pacing, and
described. description. Uses a variety of
sentence lengths and
Presents a clear chronological Uses descriptive details, avoids beginning too
sequence of events that are linked sensory language, and many sentences with I.
by a variety of transitions. precise words and phrases.
Provides a conclusion that follows Establishes the writer’s

from the events and experiences in voice through word choice,
the narrative. sentence structure, and tone.
Revising for Evidence and Elaboration

! WORD NETWORK Add Narrative Techniques Scan your draft and note places where the
story seems dull. Bring those sections to life by using dialogue or pacing.
Include words from your
Word Network in your • Dialogue refers to spoken conversations in a text. Find explanations
narrative. in your narrative that would be more exciting as dialogue. Make
sure your dialogue accurately reflects what people really said. Use
STANDARDS
quotation marks to set off dialogue from the rest of the text.
Writing • Pacing is the sense of speed with which a story moves forward. Look
6.W.TTP.3 Write narratives (fiction for places where a series of short sentences would speed up the
imagined experiences or events action. Use longer, descriptive sentences to show a person or setting.
descriptive details, and well- Use Precise Language To write a lively narrative that holds your
structured event sequences. readers’ interest, avoid vague words and phrases that leave the reader
b. Organize an event sequence that with questions such as What kind? How? In what way? How often?
unfolds naturally and logically.
d. Use narrative techniques, and To what extent? As you review and revise your work, replace vague
such as dialogue, pacing, and words with precise words that convey your ideas more vividly and
description when appropriate, to accurately. Here are some examples:
develop experiences, events, and/or
characters. Instead of…
e. Use a variety of transition
words, phrases, and clauses to noun: stuff use toys, postcards, t-shirts
convey sequence, signal shifts,
and show the relationships among
verb: said use exclaimed, shouted, asked
experiences and events. adjective: nice use friendly, generous, kind
conclusion that reflects on the adverb: slowly use lazily, casually, carefully
g. Use precise words and phrases,
relevant descriptive details, and
PEER REVIEW
Exchange narratives with a classmate. Use the checklist to evaluate your classmate’s
narrative and provide supportive feedback.
1. Are the setting and people developed using descriptive details?
yes no If no, suggest how the writer can revise to strengthen his or her
descriptions.
2. Is there a clear sequence of events that is clarified by transitions?

yes no If no, explain what confused you.
3. Does the narrative end with a memorable conclusion that reflects on the experiences
described in the narrative?
yes no If no, tell the writer what you think might be missing.
4. What is the strongest part of your classmate’s narrative? Why?
Editing and Proofreading

Edit for Conventions Reread your draft, and correct errors in grammar
and word usage. Be sure you have included a variety of sentence types.
Proofread for Accuracy As you proofread, make sure that any dialogue
is enclosed in quotation marks. Refer to the Launch Text for examples of
how to punctuate dialogue.
Publishing and Presenting

Create a final version of your narrative in a digital format. Challenge STANDARDS

yourself to type it in a single sitting. Use a class or school Web site, a Writing
class whiteboard, or email to share and comment on other classmates’ 6.W.PDW.4 Produce clear and
coherent writing in which the
narratives. As you comment, consider the ways in which your narratives development, organization, and style
are similar and different. Remember to be polite and respectful when are appropriate to task, purpose, and
commenting on the work of others. audience.
6.W.PDW.5 With some guidance
and support from peers and adults,
develop and strengthen writing as
Reflecting needed by planning, revising, editing,
rewriting, or trying a new approach.
Reflect on what you learned as you wrote your narrative. How did writing 6.W.PDW.6 Use technology,
about a personal experience help you better understand its significance? including the Internet, to produce
What was the hardest part of this assignment? What did you learn from and publish writing and to
collaborate with others; type a
reviewing the work of others? complete product in a single sitting
as defined in W.1-3.

OVERVIEW: SMALL-GROUP LEARNING
ESSENTIAL QUESTION:

Growing up isn’t always easy. Some challenges are difficult to overcome, but
learning how to persevere through hardships is a triumph in itself. It is a triumph
because every new experience is a lesson learned. You will work in a group to
continue your exploration of some of these challenges and triumphs.
Small-Group Learning Strategies

continue to learn and work with others.
Review these strategies and the actions you can take to practice them as you
work in teams. Add ideas of your own for each step. Use these strategies during
Small-Group Learning.

Prepare • Complete your assignments so that you are prepared for group work.
• Organize your thinking so you can contribute to your group’s discussion.
Participate fully • Make eye contact to signal that you are listening and taking in what is being said.
• Use text evidence when making a point.

Support others • Build on ideas from others in your group.
• Invite others who have not yet spoken to do so.
Clarify • Paraphrase the ideas of others to ensure that your understanding is correct.
• Ask follow-up questions.
CONTENTS
PUBLIC DOCUMENT
Declaration of the Rights of the Child

The United Nations General Assembly
Everyone has rights.
MAGAZINE ARTICLE
Michaela DePrince: The War Orphan Who Became a Ballerina
William Kremer
An orphan from a war-torn country beats the odds and realizes

her dream of becoming a ballerina.
! MEDIA CONNECTION: Michaela DePrince—Ballet Dancer
MEMOIR
fromBad Boy
Walter Dean Myers
A sports-loving boy finds he is also interested in books and

dancing, and he worries about what other kids might think.
COMPARE
POETRY
Alma Luz Villanueva
She’s tough all right . . . so what is she afraid of?
PERFORMANCE TASK
SPEAKING AND LISTENING FOCUS
Present a Retelling
After reading the selections, your group will plan and deliver a retelling of the
childhood experiences explored in one of the selections. You will enhance your
retelling with multimedia.
Overview: Small-Group Learning 39

OVERVIEW: SMALL-GROUP LEARNING
Working as a Team
1. Take a Position In your group, discuss the following question:
What ideas and experiences about growing up can young
people share with one another?
As you take turns sharing your ideas, be sure to provide reasons and
examples. After all group members have shared, discuss the ideas and
what they mean to you.
2. List Your Rules As a group, decide on the rules that you will follow
as you work together. Two samples are provided. Add two more of
your own. You may add or revise rules based on your experience
together.
• Everyone should participate in group discussions.
• People should not interrupt.
3. Apply the Rules Share what you have learned about growing up.
Make sure each person in the group contributes. Take notes and
be prepared to share with the class one thing that you heard from
another member of your group.
4. Name Your Group Choose a name that reflects the unit topic.
Our group’s name:
5. Create a Communication Plan Decide how you want to

communicate with one another. For example, you might use online
collaboration tools, email, or instant messaging.
Our group’s decision:
Making a Schedule
First, find out the due dates for the Small-Group activities. Then,
preview the texts and activities with your group and make a schedule for
completing the tasks.
SELECTION ACTIVITIES DUE DATE
Declaration of the Rights of the Child
Michaela DePrince: The War Orphan Who

Became a Ballerina
from Bad Boy
Working on Group Projects

Different projects require different roles. As your group works together,
you’ll find it more effective if each person has a specific role. Before
beginning a project, discuss the necessary roles, and choose one for each
group member. Here are some possible roles; add your own ideas.
Project Manager: monitors the schedule and keeps everyone on task

Researcher: organizes research activities
Recorder: takes notes during group meetings
Overview: Small-Group Learning 41

MAKING MEANING
About the United Nations

The United Nations
Declaration of the Rights
(UN) is an international
organization that is made
of the Child
up of 193 member states Concept Vocabulary
from around the world.
As you perform your first read, you will encounter these words.
All 193 member states
collectively form the General
Assembly. The General entitled enactment compulsory
Assembly meets every
year to discuss, address, Base Words If these words are unfamiliar, look for base words you
and make policies that know. Use your knowledge of the “inside” word, along with context, to
protect fundamental human determine meaning. Here is an example of how to apply the strategy.
rights and maintain global
peace. One of these policies Unfamiliar Word: complimentary
was to adopt and expand
Eglantyne Jebb’s document, Context: She made complimentary remarks about the tasty food.
the Geneva Declaration of
Familiar “Inside” Word: compliment, meaning “something good to say
the Rights of the Child.
about someone or something”
Conclusion: The food was tasty, which is a good thing. Complimentary

may mean “expressing good comments.”
Confirm: Use a dictionary to verify the meaning you infer.
Apply your knowledge of base words and other vocabulary strategies to

determine the meanings of unfamiliar words you encounter during your
first read.
First Read NONFICTION

Apply these strategies as you conduct your first read. You will have an
opportunity to complete a close read after your first read.
NOTICE the general ideas of ANNOTATE by marking Copyright © Savvas Learning Company LLC. All Rights Reserved.
the text. What is it about? vocabulary and key passages

Who is involved? you want to revisit.
STANDARDS
nonfiction throughout the grades CONNECT ideas within RESPOND by completing
6-8 text complexity band proficiently,
the selection to what you the Comprehension Check.
at the high end as needed. already know and what you
Language have already read.
6.L.VAU.4 Determine or clarify the
meaning of unknown and multiple-
meaning words and phrases based
on 6th grade-level text by choosing
flexibly from a range of strategies.
PUBLIC DOCUMENT
Declaration
of the
Rights of the
Child
The United Nations General Assembly
BACKGROUND
In the late nineteenth century, many countries began to officially
recognize that children need special legal protection. The Declaration
of the Rights of the Child, which was adopted by the United Nations
in 1959, is the first major international agreement on children’s rights.
It was inspired by the original declaration written by Eglantyne Jebb,
a British activist.
T HIS DECLARATION OF THE RIGHTS OF THE CHILD to

the end that he may have a happy childhood and enjoy for
his own good and for the good of society the rights and freedoms
NOTES
herein set forth, and calls upon parents, upon men and women as
individuals, and upon voluntary organizations, local authorities
and national governments to recognize these rights and strive for
their observance by legislative and other measures progressively
taken in accordance1 with the following principles:
Mark base words or indicate
another strategy you used that
2 The child shall enjoy all the rights set forth in this Declaration. helped you determine meaning.
Confirm the definition by
Every child, without any exception whatsoever, shall be entitled
consulting a dictionary.
to these rights, without distinction or discrimination on account
entitled (ehn TY tuhld) v.
of race, color, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, MEANING:
national or social origin, property, birth or other status, whether of
himself or of his family.
1. accordance (uh KAWRD uhns) n. agreement.
Declaration of the Rights of the Child 43

3 The child shall enjoy special protection, and shall be given
NOTES opportunities and facilities,2 by law and by other means, to
Mark base words or indicate enable him to develop physically, mentally, morally, spiritually
helped you determine meaning. and socially in a healthy and normal manner and in conditions
Confirm the definition by of freedom and dignity. In the enactment of laws for this
consulting a dictionary.
purpose, the best interests of the child shall be the paramount
enactment (ehn AKT
muhnt) n.
consideration.
MEANING:
4 The child shall be entitled from his birth to a name and
a nationality.
5 The child shall enjoy the benefits of social security. He shall be

entitled to grow and develop in health; to this end, special care
and protection shall be provided both to him and to his mother,
including adequate pre-natal and post-natal care.3 The child shall
have the right to adequate nutrition, housing, recreation and
medical services.
6 The child who is physically, mentally or socially handicapped

shall be given the special treatment, education and care required
by his particular condition.
7 The child, for the full and harmonious development of his

personality, needs love and understanding. He shall, wherever
possible, grow up in the care and under the responsibility of his
parents, and, in any case, in an atmosphere of affection and of
moral and material security; a child of tender years shall not,
save in exceptional circumstances, be separated from his mother.
Society and the public authorities shall have the duty to extend
particular care to children without a family and to those without
Mark base words or indicate adequate means of support. Payment of State and other assistance
another strategy you used that towards the maintenance of children of large families is desirable.
helped you determine meaning.

Confirm the definition by
consulting a dictionary. 8 The child is entitled to receive education, which shall be free
compulsory (kuhm PUHL and compulsory, at least in the elementary stages. He shall
suhr ee) adj. be given an education which will promote his general culture
MEANING:
and enable him, on a basis of equal opportunity, to develop his
abilities, his individual judgment, and his sense of moral and
social responsibility, and to become a useful member of society.
The best interests of the child shall be the guiding principle
of those responsible for his education and guidance; that
responsibility lies in the first place with his parents. The child shall
have full opportunity for play and recreation, which should be
2. facilities (fuh SIHL uh teez) n. buildings designed for a specific purpose.

3. pre-natal and post-natal care care given to women before and after the birth of
a child.
directed to the same purposes as education; society and the public
authorities shall endeavor to promote the enjoyment of this right. NOTES
9 The child shall in all circumstances be among the first to receive

protection and relief.
10 The child shall be protected against all forms of neglect,

cruelty and exploitation. He shall not be the subject of traffic, in
any form. The child shall not be admitted to employment before
an appropriate minimum age; he shall in no case be caused or
permitted to engage in any occupation or employment which
would prejudice his health or education, or interfere with his
physical, mental or moral development.
11 The child shall be protected from practices which may foster

racial, religious and any other form of discrimination. He shall be
brought up in a spirit of understanding, tolerance, friendship
among peoples, peace and universal brotherhood, and in full
consciousness4 that his energy and talents should be devoted to
the service of his fellow men. ❧
4. consciousness (KON shuhs nihs) n. awareness or understanding.
Comprehension Check
Complete the following items after you finish your first read. Review and clarify
details with your group.
1. Which children are entitled to the rights this document sets forth?
2. Identify two rights defined or described in this document.
3. According to the document, what should children who are physically or mentally
disabled be given?
RESEARCH
Research to Clarify Choose at least one unfamiliar detail from the text. Briefly
research that detail. In what way does the information you learned shed light on an
aspect of the Declaration?

MAKING MEANING
Close Read the Text

With your group, revisit sections of the text you marked
during your first read. Annotate details that you notice.
What questions do you have? What can you conclude?
DECLARATION OF THE RIGHTS
OF THE CHILD
Notebook Complete the activities.
1. Review and Clarify With your group, reread paragraph 8 of the

GROUP DISCUSSION
Declaration. Discuss the kind of education to which all children are
When your group rereads
paragraph 8, read it aloud, entitled, according to the document. What did the UN General
with each person taking Assembly hope education would accomplish for children?
turns to read one sentence. 2. Present and Discuss Now, work with your group to share passages
Doing so may give you a
from the selection that you found especially important. Take turns
stronger sense of what the
presenting your passages. Discuss what you noticed in the selection,
writers of the document had
in mind.
what questions you asked, and what conclusions you reached.
triumphs of growing up? What has this text taught you about
childhood? Discuss with your group.
! WORD NETWORK Concept Vocabulary

Add words related to
childhood from the text to entitled enactment compulsory
your Word Network.
Why These Words? The concept vocabulary words from the text are
STANDARDS related. With your group, determine what the words have in common.
Reading Informational Text Write your ideas, and add another word that fits the category.
6.RI.KID.3 Analyze in detail how
a key individual, event, or idea Practice
is introduced, illustrated, and
developed in a text. Notebook Check your understanding of the concept vocabulary
6.RI.CS.5 Analyze how a words by using them in sentences. In each sentence, provide context
particular sentence, paragraph,
clues that hint at the vocabulary word’s meaning.
chapter, or section fits into the
overall structure of a text and
contributes to the development of
the ideas. Word Study
Language Notebook Latin Root: -puls- The Declaration states that
6.L.VAU.4 Determine or clarify
the meaning of unknown and
education for children should be free and compulsory. The word
multiple-meaning words and compulsory is formed from the Latin root -puls- (also spelled -pel-), which
phrases based on 6th grade-level means “push,” “drive,” or “force.” Write a definition of compulsory that
text by choosing flexibly from a
range of strategies. shows how the root -puls- contributes to its meaning. Find another word
d. Use etymological patterns in formed from this root. Write the word and its meaning.
spelling as clues to the meaning
of a word or phrase.

Development of Ideas: Structure The Declaration of the Rights of the
Child expresses its ideas using a simple structure. Paragraph 1 explains the
purpose and goal of the Declaration. Paragraph 2 explains the scope of the
Declaration, or the people and rights that it covers. Paragraphs 3–11 list
and describe specific rights.

Notebook Work together to answer the questions and complete the activities.
1. Reread paragraph 1. What are the purpose and goal of the Declaration?
2. Reread paragraph 2. Whose rights does the Declaration set forth?
3. Choose three paragraphs from paragraphs 3–11. In the chart, identify the paragraphs you have
chosen. List the rights that each paragraph describes. Then, state whether you think the rights
are described in a way that is confusing or clear. Explain why.
PARAGRAPH RIGHTS LISTED CLEAR OR CONFUSING? WHY?

4. As a group, discuss whether the text is organized effectively. Would the issues being presented
have been clearer or more powerful if statistics, charts, or personal stories had been included?
Why or why not?
5. Why do you think the United Nations General Assembly organized the information in this way?
Discuss with your group. Come to an agreement about at least two reasons. Write them here.

Conventions
Pronoun Case Effective writing involves correct usage of pronouns. A
pronoun is a word that takes the place of one or more nouns or other
pronouns. Pronoun case is the form a pronoun takes to show whether
DECLARATION OF THE RIGHTS
it is being used as a subject, an object, or a possessive. Writers use
OF THE CHILD pronouns to avoid repetition of nouns in their writing, and the case they
use depends on the pronoun’s function in a sentence.
There are three pronoun cases, as shown in the chart.
PRONOUN CASE EXAMPLES
Nominative (or Subjective) Case: names the subject of a He likes the sound of the train on the tracks.
verb or is used in the predicate after a linking verb They searched online for the article.
nominative pronouns: I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they The singers of the duet will be she and I.
Objective Case: names the direct object of a verb, the Domingo sent it to Mel.
indirect object of a verb, or the object of a preposition Please give me the earrings.
objective pronous: me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them The cafeteria chefs had prepared a meal for us.
Possessive Case: shows ownership After an hour of running, my legs ached.

possessive pronouns: my, your, his, her, its, our, their, mine, Please stick out your tongue for the doctor.
yours, hers, ours, theirs Theo works during his summer breaks.
Read It
1. Mark the pronouns in each sentence. Label the case of each pronoun.
a. Children are not responsible for their own education.
b. When a child is born, he or she will be entitled to special
human rights.
c. Children are important, and we protect them from discrimination.
d. The child shall be entitled from his birth to a name and a
nationality.
Write It
Notebook Read the example. Notice that the underlined text
STANDARDS has been replaced with a pronoun. Do the same for the sentences in
Language items 1–3.
6.L.CSE.1 Demonstrate command
of the conventions of standard
English grammar and usage.
Original: The writer of the first declaration is Eglantyne Jebb.
a. When reading or listening, Revision: The writer of the first declaration is she.
explain the function of pronouns
(pronoun case, intensive
pronouns, pronoun-antecedent 1. Eglantyne Jebb’s goal was to help children.
agreement).
b. When writing or speaking, 2. As a result, Eglantyne Jebb founded an organization.
use pronouns (pronoun case,
3. The name of the organization is Save the Children.
intensive pronouns, pronoun-
antecedent agreement)
effectively.
Writing to Sources
Assignment
Choose one of the options and write a response. If necessary, conduct
brief research to support or develop your ideas. Work with your group
to discuss and plan, but do your own writing.
Option 1: Write an informational article that describes the
purposes for which the Declaration of the Rights of the Child
was written. What do you think the writers wanted to achieve?
Make sure readers understand the main ideas of the Declaration
by including a summary.
Option 2: Choose two of the rights listed in the Declaration
that you feel are most important. Then, write a brief essay in
which you explain the reasons for your choices. Why do these
rights matter matter so much? Include details from the text as
well as your own opinions and any examples you might find
through research.
Project Plan Before you begin, meet as a group to discuss each student’s
choice of project and to share ideas. Go back to the Declaration and
work together to clarify any sections that might be confusing. Then, work
independently to write.
Finding Examples Choose passages from the Declaration that clearly

support your ideas. Make sure you quote them accurately. Use a chart like
this one to keep track of your examples. Remember to include appropriate ! EVIDENCE LOG
citations. Before moving on to a
EXAMPLE IDEA IT SUPPORTS CITATION INFORMATION Evidence Log and record
what you learned from the
Declaration of the Rights
of the Child.
STANDARDS
Writing
6.W.TTP.2 Write informative/
explanatory texts to examine a topic
and convey ideas, concepts, and
information through the selection,
organization, and analysis of relevant
Present Organize a brief presentation in which you explain the content.
a. Introduce a topic clearly, using
different main ideas each member of your group expressed. Share your the introduction to prepare the
presentation with the class. reader for what is to follow.

MAKING MEANING
About the Author

William Kremer is a
Michaela DePrince: The War
feature writer at the British
Broadcasting Corporation
Orphan Who Became a Ballerina
(BBC), a major radio, Concept Vocabulary
television, and media
As you perform your first read of “Michaela DePrince: The War Orphan
company.
Who Became a Ballerina,” you will encounter these words.
antagonism refugee distraught
Context Clues To find the meaning of an unfamiliar word, look for

context clues—other words and phrases that appear nearby in the text.
There are various types of context clues that can help you as you read.
Context: Rather than wearing leotards during dance class,

she covered herself with sweatshirts.
Conclusion: The girl covers herself with sweatshirts instead of leotards

during dance class. Leotards must be another type of clothing. Perhaps
they are a type of clothing worn by dancers in particular.
Apply your knowledge of context clues and other vocabulary strategies to

first read.

NOTICE the general ideas of ANNOTATE by marking

STANDARDS
CONNECT ideas within RESPOND by completing
nonfiction throughout the grades the selection to what you the Comprehension Check and
6-8 text complexity band proficiently, already know and what you by writing a brief summary of
with a gradual release of scaffolding have already read. the selection.
at the high end as needed.
Language
meaning words and phrases based
a. Use context as a clue to the
meaning of a word or a phrase.
MAGAZINE ARTICLE
Michaela
DePrince:
The War Orphan

Who Became a
Ballerina
William Kremer
BACKGROUND
From 1991 to 2002, Sierra Leone went through a violent civil war.
During this decade, life in Sierra Leone was extremely dangerous due to
a near complete lack of law in the country. Tens of thousands of people
lost their lives, and countless families were torn apart. Children who lost
their parents during the war became known as “war orphans.”
A professional stage debut is a huge event in the life of any

ballerina, but Michaela DePrince’s recent tour of South
Africa also marked the end of an extraordinary journey from her
NOTES
childhood as a war orphan in Sierra Leone.
2 “I got out of a terrible place,” says DePrince. “I had no idea I

would be here—I’m living my dream every single day.”
3 She was born in Sierra Leone in 1995. Her parents named her
Mabinty, but after they both died during the civil war, she was
sent to an orphanage, where she became a number.
Michaela DePrince: The War Orphan Who Became a Ballerina 51

4 “They named us from one to 27,” she recalls. “One was the
NOTES favorite child of the orphanage and 27 was the least favorite.”
5 DePrince was number 27, because she suffers from vitiligo,
a condition in which patches of skin lose pigmentation.1 To
Mark context clues or indicate
the “Aunties” who ran the orphanage, it was evidence of the
helped you determine meaning. evil spirit within the three-year-old. She still recalls the fierce
antagonism (an TAG uh nihz antagonism of the women.
uhm) n. 6 “They thought of me as a devil’s child. They told me every day
MEANING:
how I wasn’t going to get adopted, because nobody would want a
devil’s child,” she says.
7 Although the other girls in the orphanage were encouraged not
to play with her, DePrince formed a close friendship with child
number 26, also called Mabinty, who was disliked by the Aunties
because she was left-handed.
8 The pair shared a sleeping mat. At night, when Michaela had
bad dreams, her “mat-mate” would soothe her with kind words
and stories.
* * *
9 Her memories of early childhood are fragmentary—moments

of piercing clarity which have been reassembled in date order. She
believes it was soon after witnessing the killing of her teacher that
she stumbled upon something that was to shape the rest of her
life—a discarded magazine.
10 “There was a lady on it, she was on her tippy-toes, in this pink,
beautiful tutu. I had never seen anything like this—a costume that
stuck out with glitter on it, with just so much beauty. I could just
see the beauty in that person and the hope and the love and just
everything that I didn’t have.
11 “And I just thought: ‘Wow! This is what I want to be.’”
12 DePrince ripped the photograph out of the magazine and, for
the lack of anywhere else to keep it, stuffed the treasured scrap in
Mark context clues or indicate Copyright © Savvas Learning Company LLC. All Rights Reserved.
her underwear.
helped you determine meaning. 13 One day, the orphanage was warned it would be bombed
refugee (rehf yoo JEE) n. and the children were marched to a distant refugee camp. Here
MEANING: DePrince learned that her beloved mat-mate was to be adopted.
14 An American woman, Elaine DePrince, had come to the camp to
adopt child number 26, now called Mia. For a moment, Michaela
distraught (dihs TRAWT) adj. was distraught because she believed that all the other children
MEANING: would be taken to new homes and she would be left behind.
1. pigmentation (pihg muhn TAY shuhn) n. natural coloring.
15 But abruptly there was a change of plan. When the Aunties told
Elaine DePrince that Michaela was unlikely to find another home, NOTES
she decided to adopt both girls.

16 Michaela remembers struggling to understand what was
happening. She was intoxicated2 by the American woman with
her dazzling blonde hair, but there was something else on her
mind too.
17 “I was looking at people’s feet because I thought: ‘Everyone
has to have [ballet] pointe shoes, they have to have pointe shoes
because these are people from the US!’”
18 Not only was Elaine not wearing any pointe shoes, but as
Michaela found when she looked through her suitcase that night,
she had none in her luggage either.
19 Her new mother quickly noticed Michaela’s obsession with
ballet.
20 “We found a Nutcracker3 video and I watched it 150 times,”
Michaela says.
21 When they finally went to see a stage performance, she was
able to point out to her mother the places where dancers had
missed their steps.
22 Elaine enrolled five-year-old Michaela in the Rock School of
Dance in Philadelphia, making the 45-minute drive from New
Jersey every day.
23 But DePrince remained a shy girl, painfully self-conscious of
her vitiligo. “That was all I would think about when I was on
stage. I had trouble looking at myself in the mirror,” she says.
24 Instead of glorying in the glittery tutus and bodices that had
drawn her to ballet, she covered herself up whenever possible
with turtleneck sweaters.
25 One day, DePrince asked one of her ballet teachers if she
thought her skin condition might hold back her career. The teacher
asked her what she was talking about. She hadn’t even noticed the
pale patches on her skin—she’d just been watching her steps. That
was a significant moment for her.
26 But, she says, being a black ballet dancer is hard, even in the US.
She thinks the problem is that in the corps de ballet—the group
of ballerinas who are not soloists—girls are supposed to look the
same.
2. intoxicated (ihn TOK sih kay tihd) adj. overwhelmed and excited.
3. [The] Nutcracker popular ballet with music by the famous Russian composer Peter Illyich
Tchaikovsyk (1840–1893).

27 “It is a challenge,” she says. “If you look at [ballet] companies
NOTES you won’t really see any black girls. You might see a mixed-race
girl but there are only one or two black soloists in the whole U.S.”
28 Now 17, DePrince recently completed a tour with the Dance
Theater of Harlem, many of whose dancers are African American,
or mixed-race.
29 “I have become more upbeat—I used to be very shy,” she says.
30 “Now I’ve grown up and I’m so happy with the way things are
turning out.” ❧
MEDIA CONNECTION
Discuss It How does viewing this video add to

your understanding of the difficulties Michaela faced as
a child?
Write your response before sharing your ideas.
Michaela DePrince—Ballet Dancer
Comprehension Check
1. Why did the Aunties at the orphanage dislike Michaela?
2. How did Michaela first learn about ballet and ballerinas?
3. How did Michaela finally leave the orphanage?

4. Notebook Confirm your understanding of the selection by writing a brief

summary of what happened to Michaela after she left the orphanage.
RESEARCH
aspect of the article?

MAKING MEANING
Close Read the Text

MICHAELA DEPRINCE:
THE WAR ORPHAN WHO
BECAME A BALLERINA CITE TEXTUAL EVIDENCE

GROUP DISCUSSION
selection. Why do you think Michaela thought that everyone from the
As you discuss the article,
make sure everyone in United States had to have pointe shoes? What does this tell you about
your group has a chance to Michaela and her ideas about the United States?
speak. Take turns expressing
your ideas.
2. Present and Discuss Now, work with your group to share passages

triumphs of growing up? What has this article taught you about
challenges that some children face and how they overcome them?
Discuss with your group.
! WORD NETWORK LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT

childhood from the text to Concept Vocabulary
your Word Network.
antagonism refugee distraught
Why These Words? The concept vocabulary words from the text are
related. With your group, determine what the words have in common.
Write your ideas and add another word that fits the category.
Practice
STANDARDS
Language Notebook Check your understanding of the concept vocabulary
6.L.VAU.4 Determine or clarify words by using them in a paragraph. Include context clues that hint at
multiple-meaning words and
each word’s meaning. Share and discuss your paragraph with your group.
phrases based on 6th grade-level
text by choosing flexibly from a
range of strategies.
Word Study
c. Consult reference materials, Notebook Synonyms and Antonyms One way to better
both print and digital, to find understand a word is to find synonyms, or words that have a same or
the pronunciation of a word or
phrase. similar meaning, and antonyms, words that have an opposite meaning. For
6.L.VAU.5 When reading, example, one synonym of antagonism is hostility. One antonym is friendship.
listening, writing, and speaking,
explain the function of figurative Using print and digital dictionaries, determine and verify the precise
language, word relationships, and meaning and pronunciation of the word antagonism. Then, find two
connotation/denotation and use
more synonyms and two more antonyms for antagonism in a thesaurus.
them correctly and effectively.
Write a sentence for each word you find.

Biographical Writing When a nonfiction text tells a story, it is a work
of narrative nonfiction. Biographical writing is one type of narrative
nonfiction. In biographical writing, an author tells the story of another
person’s life. This type of writing has specific features:
• The subject is a real-life person. The work presents facts and actual
events from the subject’s life.
• The writer uses direct quotations, or the subject’s exact words, to
show his or her thoughts and feelings.
• The writer may describe other people’s views of the subject. He or
she may use quotations from people who know the subject well.
Authors of biographies use these elements to develop a portrait in words

and to tell the story of the person about whom they are writing.

Notebook Work independently to answer the questions

and complete the activity. Then, share and discuss your
responses with your group.
1. (a) What information about Michaela DePrince does the writer
include in paragraphs 1 and 2? (b) Why might this information
interest readers in her story?
2. Use the chart to identify examples of each element of biographical

writing used in paragraphs 2–8. Explain how the author uses each
item to add to the reader’s understanding of DePrince.
ELEMENT OF READER’S
EXAMPLES
BIOGRAPHY UNDERSTANDING
Facts
Actual Events
Direct Quotations
Other People’s Views
3. (a) What turning point, or major change, does the author

STANDARDS
describe in paragraph 10? (b) Why is this moment so important
to DePrince? (c) What other moment described in the biography 6.RI.KID.3 Analyze in detail how
a key individual, event, or idea is
is a turning point in DePrince’s life? Explain your choice. introduced, illustrated, and developed
in a text.
4. (a) Describe the struggles DePrince faced after she started studying sentence, paragraph, chapter, or
ballet. (b) Cite specific examples of a fact, an actual event, and a section fits into the overall structure
direct quotation that help readers understand those struggles. development of the ideas.

Conventions
Reflexive and Intensive Pronouns A pronoun is a word that takes the
place of one or more nouns or other pronouns. Reflexive pronouns and
intensive pronouns are forms of pronouns that end with -self or -selves.
MICHAELA DEPRINCE:
These pronoun forms look the same, but they function differently within
THE WAR ORPHAN WHO a sentence.
BECAME A BALLERINA
SINGULAR PLURAL
First Person myself ourselves
Second Person yourself yourselves
Third Person himself, herself, itself themselves
A reflexive pronoun reflects, or directs, the action of a verb back on its

subject. It indicates that the person or thing performing the action of the
verb is also receiving the action. A reflexive pronoun is essential to the
meaning of its sentence.
An intensive pronoun simply emphasizes the noun or pronoun to

which it refers. It usually appears very close to the noun or pronoun it
emphasizes. An intensive pronoun can be removed from a sentence
without changing its meaning. In the chart, subjects are underlined and
pronouns are set in italics.
EXAMPLES OF REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS EXAMPLES OF INTENSIVE PRONOUNS
I bought myself a new paintbrush. I myself chose the paintbrush I wanted.
Luke made himself late for school. Luke himself should have known better.
Emil and Maria were mad at themselves for losing Emil and Maria themselves searched for the lost cat.
the cat.
Read It Copyright © Savvas Learning Company LLC. All Rights Reserved.
Mark the reflexive or intensive pronoun in each of these passages from

“Michaela DePrince: The War Orphan Who Became a Ballerina.” Then,
STANDARDS write whether the pronoun is reflexive or intensive.
Language
6.L.CSE.1 Demonstrate command 1. “That was all I would think about when I was on stage. I had trouble
of the conventions of standard looking at myself in the mirror,” she says.
a. When reading or listening, 2. Instead of glorying in the glittery tutus and bodices that had
explain the function of pronouns
(pronoun case, intensive drawn her to ballet, she covered herself up whenever possible with
pronouns, pronoun-antecedent turtleneck sweaters.
agreement)
b. When writing or speaking,
use pronouns (pronoun case,
intensive pronouns, pronoun- Write It
antecedent agreement)
effectively. Write three sentences about Michaela DePrince’s life using intensive
pronouns. Use a different intensive pronoun in each sentence.

Assignment GROUP DISCUSSION
With your group, write and deliver an oral presentation. Choose If your group cannot
agree on which project to
from the following options:
complete, work together
Option 1: Michaela DePrince talks about the difficulties of being to resolve the issue so that
an African American ballerina. Conduct research on another most of the group is happy.
African American dancer. Then, prepare and deliver a personality Agree beforehand that
profile of the dancer you chose. Compare and contrast his or her everyone will go along with
experience with DePrince’s. Include descriptive details and a logical the decision.
sequence of ideas so that the points of comparison and contrast
are clear to your audience.
Option 2: Becoming a ballet dancer takes hard work and many

years of training. Research to learn about the challenges aspiring
dancers face. Then, write and deliver an informative report in
which you talk about why DePrince’s success is so impressive.
Include facts, descriptive details, and ideas that are ordered in a
way that will make sense to readers.
Make an Outline Creating an outline will help your group organize

ideas in an order that makes sense. An outline is a list of the main ideas
in your presentation. If your group is doing a personality profile, your ! EVIDENCE LOG
ideas will be points of comparison and contrast between DePrince and Before moving on to a
another dancer. If your group is doing an informative report, your ideas new selection, go to your
will focus on the importance of DePrince’s success. Evidence Log and record
what you’ve learned from
Work with your group to create an outline by using the following “Michaela DePrince: The
structure. Write a sentence for each line of the outline. War Orphan Who Became
a Ballerina.”
I. Thesis Statement:
II. Body of Presentation
A. First Idea:
B. Second Idea:
C. Third Idea:
III. Conclusion (Importance of Ideas):
Practice and Present Practice your presentation before you deliver it to

the class. Use the following tips while delivering your presentation.
• Speak clearly and comfortably without rushing. STANDARDS
• Vary the tone and pitch of your voice to help your audience Speaking and Listening
6.SL.PKI.4 Present claims and
understand your points and to add interest. Avoid speaking flatly
findings, sequencing ideas logically
and without emotion. and using pertinent descriptions,
• Use appropriate and varied body language. Maintain eye contact to facts, and details to accentuate main
ideas or themes; use appropriate eye
keep your audience’s attention. contact, adequate volume, and clear
pronunciation.

MAKING MEANING
Comparing Texts
In this lesson, you will read a memoir excerpt
and a poem expressing a similar theme. The
work you do with your group on this memoir
from BAD BOY I WAS A SKINNY
will prepare you to compare it with the poem. TOMBOY KID
About the Author

from Bad Boy
Concept Vocabulary
As you perform your first read of the excerpt from Bad Boy, you will
encounter these words.
respected desperate disgusted

By the age of five,
Walter Dean Myers Context Clues To find the meaning of an unfamiliar word, look for
(1937–2014) was reading context clues—other words and phrases that appear nearby in the text.
daily newspapers. Despite There are various types of context clues that can help you as you read.
this impressive start with
words, Myers did not think Context: Marcus hid the trove of baseball cards he’d collected for
writing would be his career. many years under his bed.
However, in his twenties, he
Conclusion: Marcus collected baseball cards for many years and hid
won a writing contest and
went on to find success as them. Perhaps trove means “valuable, hidden collection.”
an author of young adult
books. Myers often wrote Apply your knowledge of context clues and other vocabulary strategies to
about his African American determine the meanings of unfamiliar words you encounter during your
heritage and his life growing first read.
up in Harlem, a part of New
York City.

NOTICE the general ideas of ANNOTATE by marking
STANDARDS
nonfiction throughout the grades
6–8 text complexity band proficiently,
at the high end as needed. CONNECT ideas within RESPOND by completing
Language the selection to what you the Comprehension Check and
already know and what you by writing a brief summary of
meaning words and phrases based have already read. the selection.
MEMOIR
from Bad Boy

Walter Dean Myers
BACKGROUND
In his memoir, Walter Dean Myers describes his childhood growing up
in Harlem, New York, in the 1940s and 1950s. This excerpt takes place
when Myers is in elementary school. Earlier in the chapter, his teacher,
Mrs. Conway, lent him books to read after noticing his interest in NOTES
reading. Mark context clues or indicate
T
1 here were two categories of friends in my life: those with
respected (rih SPEHK
whom I played ball and everyone else. Athletes were tihd) adj.
highly respected in the black community, and boys my age were MEANING:
encouraged to play some sport. I loved playing ball. I would play
basketball in the mornings with the boys who were just reaching
from Bad Boy 61

their teens, and then stoop ball or punchball on the block with
NOTES boys my age. Sometimes Eric and I would go down to the courts
on Riverside Drive and play there. And I was a bad, bad loser.
Most of my prayers, when they weren’t for the Dodgers,1 were
quick ones in the middle of a game, asking God to let me win.
I liked other sports as well and even followed the New York
Rangers hockey team in the papers for a while until I found out
that all the references to ice meant just that, that they were skating
on ice. There wasn’t any ice to skate on in Harlem, so I gave
up hockey.
2 With school out and me not having access to Mrs. Conway’s
cache2 of books, I rediscovered the George Bruce Branch of the
public library on 125th Street. Sometimes on rainy days I would sit
in the library and read. The librarians always suggested books that
were too young for me, but I still went on a regular basis. I could
never have afforded to buy the books and was pleased to have the
library with its free supply.
3 Being a boy meant to me that I was not particularly like girls.
Most of the girls I knew couldn’t play ball, and that excluded
them from most of what I wanted to do with my life. Dorothy
Dodson, daughter of the Wicked Witch,3 read books, and I knew
she did, but she couldn’t stand me and was more than happy to
tell me so on a number of occasions. Sometimes I would see other
children on the trolley with books under their arms and suspected
that they were like me somehow. I felt a connection with these
readers but didn’t know what the connection was. I knew there
were things going on in my head, a fantasy life, that somehow
corresponded to the books I read. I also felt a kind of comfort
helped you determine meaning. with books that I did not experience when I was away from them.
desperate (DEHS puhr Away from books I was, at times, almost desperate to fill up the
iht) adj. spaces of my life. Books filled those spaces for me.
MEANING: 4 As much as I enjoyed reading, in the world in which I was

living it had to be a secret vice.4 When I brought a book home
from the library, I would sometimes run into older kids who
would tease me about my reading. It was, they made it clear, not
what boys did. And though by now I was fighting older boys and
didn’t mind that one bit, for some reason I didn’t want to fight
about books. Books were special and said something about me
that I didn’t want to reveal. I began taking a brown paper bag to
the library to bring my books home in.
1. Dodgers Brooklyn Dodgers, an American professional baseball team, which moved to Los
Angeles, California, after the 1957 season.
2. cache (kash) n. hidden supply.
3. Wicked Witch Walter’s nickname for Mrs. Dodson, a neighbor he dislikes.
4. vice (vys) n. bad habit.
5 That year I learned that being a boy meant that I was
supposed to do certain things and act in a certain way. I was NOTES
very comfortable being a boy, but there were times when the role
was uncomfortable. We often played ball in the church gym, and
one rainy day, along with my brother Mickey and some of “my
guys,” I went to the gym, only to find a bevy of girls exercising on
one half of the court. We wanted to run a full-court game, so we
directed a few nasty remarks to the other side of the small gym.
Then we saw that the girls were doing some kind of dance, so we
imitated them, cracking ourselves up.
6 When the girls had finished their dancing, they went through
some stretching exercises. A teenager, Lorelle Henry, was leading
the group, and she was pretty, so we sent a few woo-woos her way.
7 ”I bet you guys can’t even do these stretching exercises,” Lorelle
challenged.
8 We scoffed, as expected.
9 “If you can do these exercises, we’ll get off the court,” Lorelle
said. “If not, you go through the whole dance routine with us.”
10 It was a way to get rid of the girls, and we went over to do the another strategy you used that
exercises. Not one of us was limber5 enough to do the stretching helped you determine meaning.
exercises, and soon we were all trying to look as disgusted as we disgusted (dihs GUHS
could while we hopped around the floor to the music. tihd) adj.
11 They danced to music as a poem was being read. I liked the MEANING:
poem, which turned out to be “The Creation” by James Weldon

Johnson. I liked dancing, too, but I had to pretend that I didn’t like
it. No big deal. I was already keeping reading and writing poems
a secret; I would just add dancing. ❧
5. limber (LIHM buhr) adj. flexible.

from Bad Boy 63

Comprehension Check
1. What are the two categories of friends in young Myers’s life?
2. Why does young Myers keep his love of reading books secret?
3. What two other secrets does young Myers have?
4. Notebook Confirm your understanding of the selection by writing a

brief summary.
RESEARCH
aspect of the memoir?
MAKING MEANING
Close Read the Text

during your first read. Annotate what you notice.
from BAD BOY


GROUP DISCUSSION
selection. Why do you think young Myers decides he doesn’t want
There may be times when
to fight about books? What does this tell you about Myers and what
you don’t understand what
books mean to him?
your classmate is saying.
2. Present and Discuss Now, work with your group to share passages If that happens, politely
ask your classmate to
clarify his or her idea. You
can say something like,
what questions you asked, and what conclusions you reached. “I don’t understand what
you mean. Will you please
explain that?”
triumphs of growing up? What has this memoir taught you about
Concept Vocabulary
respected desperate disgusted
Why These Words? The concept vocabulary words from the text are ! WORD NETWORK
Write your ideas, and add another word that fits the category.
childhood from the text to
Practice your Word Network.
Notebook Check your understanding of these words from the text

by using them in a brief paragraph. Make sure to include context clues
that hint at each word’s meaning.
STANDARDS
Language
Word Study 6.L.VAU.4 Determine or clarify
Latin Root: -spec- The word respected is formed from the Latin prefix multiple-meaning words and
re-, which means “back,” and the Latin root -spec-, which means “look” phrases based on 6th grade-level
or “see.” With this information, you can make an inference about the text by choosing flexibly from a
range of strategies.
meaning of the word.
c. Consult reference materials,
both print and digital, to find
Check the exact meaning and pronunciation of the word respected in a the pronunciation of a word or
print or digital dictionary, and use the word in a sentence. Then, find two phrase.
other words formed from the root -spec-. Explain how each word you d. Use etymological patterns in
spelling as clues to the meaning
found relates to looking or seeing. of a word or phrase.
from Bad Boy 65

MAKING MEANING

Central Idea A central idea is the main message or idea expressed in a
nonfiction text. A central idea is always related to the author’s purpose,
or the reason that an author writes a text. In most essays, the author
from BAD BOY
states the central idea directly. However, in narrative nonfiction, such
as memoirs, the author suggests the central detail through details. To
identify the central idea, readers examine the details in a text and then
decide what they think the central idea is.
In the excerpt from Bad Boy, the central idea is that society wrongly
expects boys to act a certain way.

Work with your group to complete the following activities.
1. Identify specific details from the excerpt from Bad Boy that help
build the central idea. Use the chart to capture your notes.
CLARIFICATION CENTRAL IDEA: BOYS ARE SUPPOSED TO ACT A CERTAIN WAY

Pay careful attention to HOW IT CONNECTS TO
specific details that will DETAIL
CENTRAL IDEA
help you clarify the central
idea. Keep in mind that not
every detail supports the
central idea.
2. Which detail do you think is most effective in supporting the

central idea? Explain your choice.
3. If you were writing a text with the same central idea as Bad Boy,
what examples or types of evidence would you use as support?
STANDARDS
6.RI.KID.2 Determine a central idea
of a text and how it is conveyed
through details; provide an objective
summary.
sentence, paragraph, chapter, or
section fits into the overall structure
development of the ideas.
Conventions
Adjectives and Adverbs Writers use adjectives and adverbs to
make their writing more precise and lively. An adjective is a word
that describes a noun or pronoun. An adjective answers one of these
questions: What kind? Which one? How many? or How much? This
chart shows examples of adjectives and the questions they answer.
WHAT KIND? WHICH ONE? HOW MANY? HOW MUCH?
brick house that judge one lion no time
white paper each answer several roses enough sugar
American cheese my sister both brothers some milk
An adverb is a word that modifies a verb, an adjective, or another

adverb. An adverb answers one of these questions: Where? When? In
what way? or To what extent? This chart shows examples of adverbs and
the questions they answer.
WHERE? WHEN? IN WHAT WAY? TO WHAT EXTENT?
pushed down will leave soon works carefully nearly won
stand nearby went yesterday smiled happily fully agrees
will walk there swims often chewed noisily barely ate
Read It CLARIFICATION
Read each of these sentences from the excerpt from Bad Boy. Working Adverbs that answer the
individually, label each underlined word as an adjective or an adverb. question In what way? are
Then, discuss with your group what question each one is answering. called adverbs of manner.
Adverbs of manner are easy
1. Sometimes on rainy days I would sit in the library and read. to recognize because they
2. The librarians always suggested books that were too young for me. . . . usually end with -ly. Refer to
the Grammar Handbook to
3. We wanted to run a full-court game, so we directed a few nasty learn more about adjectives
remarks to the other side of the small gym. and adverbs.
! EVIDENCE LOG
Write It Before moving on to a
Write a paragraph about the excerpt from Bad Boy. Include at least four new selection, go to your
adjectives and four adverbs. Label each adjective or adverb. Then, mark Evidence Log and record
the word it describes or modifies. what you learned from
Bad Boy.
STANDARDS
Language
from Bad Boy 67

MAKING MEANING
Comparing Texts
Now, you will read the poem “I Was a Skinny
Tomboy Kid.” After reading, you will compare
and contrast the theme of this poem with that
from BAD BOY I WAS A SKINNY
of the excerpt from Bad Boy. TOMBOY KID
About the Poet

Concept Vocabulary
As you perform your first read of “I Was a Skinny Tomboy Kid,” you will
encounter these words.
clenched stubborn tenseness

Alma Luz Villanueva
(b. 1944) was raised in Context Clues If these words are unfamiliar to you, try using context
the Mission District of San clues—other words and phrases in nearby text—to help you determine
Francisco by her maternal their meanings.
grandmother, a Yaqui Indian
healer. Although Villanueva Context: Marta deceptively hid the winning card in her hand until
now writes in English, the the end, so that no one would suspect she had it.
inspiration for her works
Conclusion: The word hid and the clause so that no one would
is rooted in the Spanish
suspect she had it tell you Marta is doing something in a secretive
language and in the Yaqui
way to prevent others from guessing she has the card. Deceptively
prayers her grandmother
may mean “in a way meant to mislead others.”
used to sing every morning.
Apply your knowledge of context clues and other vocabulary strategies to

first read.
First Read POETRY

STANDARDS
NOTICE who or what is ANNOTATE by marking
Reading Literature
6.RL.RRTC.10 Read and “speaking” the poem and vocabulary and key passages
comprehend a variety of literature whether the poem tells a story you want to revisit.
throughout the grades 6–8 text or describes a single moment.
complexity band proficiently, with a
high end as needed.
Language
meaning of unknown and multiple- CONNECT ideas within RESPOND by completing
meaning words and phrases based the selection to what you the Comprehension Check and
on 6th grade-level text by choosing already know and what you by writing a brief summary of
flexibly from a range of strategies. have already read. the poem.
POETRY
I Was a
Skinny
Tomboy Kid Alma Luz Villanueva
BACKGROUND
Although the word tomboy was originally defined as “a rude or
noisy boy,” it grew to be a label for a girl whose behavior and
appearance were not considered to be traditionally feminine. In
this poem, the speaker relates her experiences growing up in San
Francisco, California, as a self-described tomboy.
NOTES
I was a skinny tomboy kid Mark context clues or indicate
who walked down the streets another strategy you used that
with my fists clenched into
tight balls. clenched (klehncht) adj.
MEANING:
I Was a Skinny Tomboy Kid 69

5 I knew all the roofs
NOTES And back yard fences,
I liked traveling that way
sometimes
not touching
10 the sidewalks
for blocks and blocks
it made
me feel
victorious
15 somehow
over the streets.
I liked to fly
from roof
to roof
20 the gravel
falling
away
beneath my feet,
I liked
25 the edge
of almost
not making it.
and the freedom
of riding
30 my bike
to the ocean
and smelling it
long before
I could see it,
35 and I traveled disguised
as a boy
(I thought)
in an old army jacket
carrying my
40 fishing tackle
to the piers, and
bumming1 bait
and a couple of cokes
and catching crabs
45 sometimes and
selling them
to some chinese guys
1. bumming getting by asking.
and i’d give
the fish away, NOTES
50 I didn’t like fish

I just liked to fish—
and I vowed
to never
grow up
55 to be a woman and
be helpless like
my mother,
but then I didn’t realize
the kind of guts
60 it often took
for her to just keep
standing
where she was.
I grew like a thin, stubborn weed stubborn (STUHB uhrn) adj.
65 watering myself whatever way I could MEANING:
believing in my own myth

transforming my reality
and creating a
legendary/self
70 every once in a while
late at night
in the deep
darkness of my sleep another strategy you used that
I wake helped you determine meaning.
75 with a tenseness tenseness (TEHNS nihs) n.
in my arms MEANING:
and I follow
it from my elbow to
my wrist
80 and realize
my fists are tightly clenched
and the streets come grinning
and I forget who I’m protecting
and I coil up
85 in a self/mothering fashion
and tell myself
it’s o.k.

Comprehension Check
1. What gives the speaker a sense of freedom?
2. What does the speaker not want to be when she grows up?
3. Why does the speaker give away the fish she catches?
4. Notebook Confirm your understanding of the poem by writing a

brief summary. Copyright © Savvas Learning Company LLC. All Rights Reserved.
RESEARCH
aspect of the poem?
MAKING MEANING
Close Read the Text

I WAS A SKINNY TOMBOY KID


1. Review and Clarify With your group, reread lines 52–63 of the GROUP DISCUSSION
poem. Why do you think the speaker says her mother had “guts”? As you discuss the poem
What does this suggest about the speaker’s family and her life? with your group, build upon
the ideas of others, and cite
2. Present and Discuss Now, work with your group to share passages text examples to support
from the selection that you found especially important. Take turns your ideas.

triumphs of growing up? What has this poem taught you about
Concept Vocabulary
clenched stubborn tenseness
Why These Words? The concept vocabulary words from the text are ! WORD NETWORK
Write your ideas, and add two more words that fit the category.
childhood from the text
to your Word Network.
Practice
Notebook Check your understanding of the concept vocabulary
words by completing the following activities:

• Describe a situation in which someone might have clenched teeth.
• Describe what a person might do if he or she were stubborn.
• Describe what someone might do to relieve a feeling of tenseness.
Share your sentences with your group. Discuss whether each vocabulary
word has been used correctly.
Word Study STANDARDS

Language
Notebook Anglo-Saxon Suffix: -ness The speaker of the poem 6.L.VAU.4 Determine or clarify
describes waking up with a tenseness in her arms. The Anglo-Saxon suffix the meaning of unknown and
-ness means “the condition, state, or quality of being” and changes an multiple-meaning words and
phrases based on 6th grade-level
adjective, such as tense, into a noun. Find two additional words that end text by choosing flexibly from a
with the suffix -ness. Write a sentence that contains each of those words. range of strategies.

MAKING MEANING

Theme The theme of a literary work is the insight or message about
life that it expresses. Sometimes, the theme of a literary work is stated
directly. More often, it is only implied, or hinted at.
When a theme is not stated directly, readers must use details in the text
to draw their own conclusions. To determine an implied theme, group
together details that seem connected. Then, try to figure out what
message the writer is expressing with those details.
One possible theme of “I Was a Skinny Tomboy Kid,” is that being

different can be difficult. The poet does not state this theme directly.
Instead, she suggests the theme through the thoughts, feelings, and
actions of the speaker. She also suggests the theme through the way she
organizes the lines of the poem to emphasize certain words and phrases.

Notebook Work with your group to complete

the following activities.
1. Use the chart to list details from the poem that imply the
possible theme. Consider details that relate to the speaker’s
thoughts and feelings, appearance, and actions.
POSSIBLE THEME: BEING DIFFERENT CAN BE DIFFICULT
Speaker’s Thoughts and Feelings:
Speaker’s Appearance:
Speaker’s Actions:
STANDARDS
Reading Literature
6.RL.KID.1 Analyze what a text says
explicitly and draw logical inferences;
cite textual evidence to support
conclusions.
6.RL.KID.2 Determine a theme or 2. With your group, discuss the following questions, and then
central idea of a text and analyze its share your thoughts with the rest of the class.
development over the course of the
text; provide an objective summary.
• What does this poem suggest about the “rules” that govern
6.RL.CS.5 Analyze how a particular
sentence, chapter, scene, or stanza how a girl or boy should act?
fits into the overall structure of a text • Does the speaker challenge or break these rules? Explain.
and contributes to the development
of the theme, setting, or plot.
Author’s Style
Figurative Language Language that is not meant to be taken literally is
called figurative language. Figurative language often takes the form of
a comparison that represents a fresh, new way of looking at something.
The chart shows three types of figurative language, along with examples:
simile, metaphor, and personification.
TYPE OF FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE EXAMPLE
A simile compares two unlike things He roared through the house like a
using a word such as like or as. storm.
A metaphor compares two unlike He was a storm roaring though the

things without using a word such as house.
like or as.
Personification involves giving The ocean waves kissed the shores

human qualities to nonhuman of the sandy beach.
things.
Read It
Reread lines 64–87 of “I Was a Skinny Tomboy Kid.” In the middle
column of the chart, identify one simile and one use of personification.
In the right-hand column, write in your own words the literal meaning of
each example you found.
TYPE OF FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE EXAMPLE MEANING
simile
personification
Write It STANDARD
Notebook Write a paragraph that tells a story. Include at least two Language
6.L.VAU.5 When reading,
examples of figurative language in your story—at least one simile and listening, writing, and speaking,
one use of personification. Then, label each example as either simile or explain the function of figurative
language, word relationships, and
personification.
connotation/denotation and use
them correctly and effectively.

Writing to Compare
The memoir Bad Boy and the poem “I Was a Skinny Tomboy Kid” share
a central idea or theme: Being different can be difficult. Both texts share
insights about being oneself and about fitting in.
from BAD BOY
Assignment
Write a compare-and-contrast essay in which you analyze the ways
in which the memoir and the poem present ideas about how boys and
girls are “supposed” to act. Also, discuss similarities and differences in
how the form of each text allows those ideas to be presented. Work
with your group to analyze the texts. Then, work independently to
write your essay.
Prewriting
STANDARDS Analyze the Texts When you compare two texts, you note how they
Reading Literature
6.RL.IKI.9 Compare and contrast
are alike. When you contrast them, you note how they are different.
texts in different forms or genres in With your group, compare and contrast the memoir and poem, and
terms of their approaches to similar make notes in the chart. As you work, consider the major parts of each
themes and topics.
text, such as structure, word choice, and use of figurative language. For
6.RI.IKI.9 Compare and contrast example, you might use one row to compare and contrast word choice in
two or more authors’ presentations each text and another row to compare and contrast figurative language.
of the same topic or event.
from BAD BOY I WAS A SKINNY TOMBOY KID
Notebook Answer the questions.
1. What are the advantages of a memoir for expressing ideas?
2. What are the advantages of a poem for expressing ideas?
3. Which text do you think does a better job of expressing ideas about
how boys and girls are “supposed” to act? Why?
Drafting
Create an Organizational Plan Now that you have analyzed the texts
with your group, write your essay on your own. First, review the chart
you filled in with your group, and choose the information you will use in
your essay. Also, consider whether there is any additional material your
group may have missed.
Next, think about how you will present your information. Will you write
about each selection separately, and then compare and contrast them? ! EVIDENCE LOG
Or will you compare and contrast the selections category by category, Before moving on to a
perhaps starting with word choice in both selections and then moving new selection, go to your
on to figurative language? Either plan is fine as long as you follow it Evidence Log and record
consistently. what you’ve learned from
the excerpt from Bad
Provide Support Make sure you support your ideas with examples from Boy and “I Was a Skinny
both selections. Use quotation marks for examples that you copy word Tomboy Kid.”
for word, even if they are just phrases. Review each example to make
sure it is directly related to the idea you want to express.
Use Transitions Your essay will read more smoothly if you use
transitional words and phrases to show connections among ideas. Some
of the most common transitions are shown in the chart:
for example therefore on the other hand

STANDARDS
Writing
for instance as a result however 6.W.TTP.2 Write informative/
explanatory texts to examine a
topic and convey ideas, concepts,
specifically similarly in contrast and information through the
selection, organization, and
analysis of relevant content.
b. Organize ideas, concepts,
and information using effective
Review, Revise, and Edit strategies to create cohesion
and aid in comprehension.
After writing your essay, review it and look for ways to improve it. c. Develop the topic with
relevant facts, definitions,
• Have you discussed how the selections present ideas about how boys concrete details, quotations, or
and girls are “supposed to” act? other information and examples.
g. Use appropriate transitions to
• Have you expressed your ideas clearly? create cohesion and clarify the
relationships among ideas and
• Have you used transitions to connect your ideas and create cohesion? concepts.
• Have you supported your ideas with details from both selections? 6.W.RBPK.9 Support
interpretations, analyses,
• Did you check your grammar, punctuation, and spelling? Did you reflections, or research with
correct any errors you found? evidence found in literature or
literary nonfiction texts, applying
grade 6 standards for reading.
Language
English capitalization, punctuation,
and spelling. When reading or
writing, explain the functions of
commas, parentheses, and dashes
to set off parenthetical elements
and use them correctly to do so.

PERFORMANCE TASK: SPEAKING AND LISTENING FOCUS
SOURCES
• DECLARATION OF THE
Present a Retelling
RIGHTS OF THE CHILD
Assignment
• MICHAELA DEPRINCE:
A retelling is a new version of a text that keeps the content
THE WAR ORPHAN WHO
recognizable but also changes it. A retelling may show a story from
BECAME A BALLERINA
a different perspective or move it to a different setting. Deliver
• from BAD BOY a retelling of the childhood challenges presented in either the
magazine article, the memoir excerpt, or the poem from this section.
• I WAS A SKINNY In your retelling, you may wish to refer to one or more of the rights
TOMBOY KID set forth in the Declaration of the Rights of the Child. Enhance your
presentation with media.
Plan With Your Group

Analyze the Text With your group, review the texts you have read
during Small-Group Learning. Consider the ways in which childhood
challenges are presented in each text. Capture your ideas and
observations in the chart.
SELECTION CHILDHOOD CHALLENGES
Declaration of the Rights of

the Child
Michaela DePrince: The

War Orphan Who Became a
Ballerina
from Bad Boy

STANDARDS
Speaking and Listening As a group, choose one text on which to focus. Then, divide the text into
6.SL.PKI.4 Present claims and sections, and have each group member focus on a different section. As
findings, sequencing ideas logically
and using pertinent descriptions,
you plan your retelling, keep this idea in mind: A successful retelling is
facts, and details to accentuate main true to the ideas in the original text but presents them in way that is new
ideas or themes; use appropriate eye or fresh.
contact, adequate volume, and clear
pronunciation. Gather Evidence and Media Examples Reread the text to find the
6.SL.PKI.5 Include multimedia points you wish to emphasize and to figure out where adding media
components and visual displays in
would have the biggest impact. Work as a group to locate video, audio,
presentations to clarify information.
6.SL.PKI.6 Adapt speech to a variety
or images that will clarify your ideas and make your retelling come alive.
of contexts and tasks, demonstrating For example, if you want to make clear for an audience how difficult it
command of formal English when was for Michaela DePrince to become a ballerina, you might find a video
indicated or appropriate.
that shows the sweat and hard work of a ballet class.
Organize Your Ideas With your group, brainstorm for ways to organize
your presentation, including ways to integrate multimedia. Make sure
that you think of your audience and organize materials in a way that will
make sense to a first-time viewer.
Rehearse With Your Group

Practice With Your Group Before you present your retelling to the
class, practice delivering it as a group. Make sure that each member uses
a an appropriate tone. Also, work to make eye contact with viewers, and
to speak clearly and loudly so that you can be heard and understood by
everyone in the audience.
As you practice your presentation, use this checklist to evaluate the
effectiveness of your group’s first run-through. Then, use your evaluation
and the instruction here to guide your revision.
PRESENTATION
CONTENT USE OF MEDIA
TECHNIQUES
The retelling is The media are The media are

true to the ideas relevant to the visible and
expressed in the ideas expressed in audible.
text the group has the text the group The transitions
chosen. has chosen. between
The retelling The media add speakers are
expresses the interest and smooth.
ideas from the contribute new Each presenter
text in a way that ideas to the spoken speaks clearly.
is new or fresh. portion of the
retelling.
Fine-Tune the Content Check to be sure you have emphasized key

events in the original text. Also, review details that describe characters
and situations. Add descriptive details as needed.
Improve Your Use of Media Make sure you are using media that add
in meaningful ways to your ideas. Also, make sure that all media choices
work well with the spoken portions of your presentation.
Brush Up on Your Presentation Techniques Avoid speaking in a flat,
uninterested, or bored tone. Instead, vary your tone and speak with
enthusiasm and liveliness.
Present and Evaluate

Remember that you are giving this presentation as a group. Everyone is
equally important, and each person represents the entire group. Don’t
let your attention wander when other members of your group are giving
their parts of the presentation. In addition, give other groups your full
attention when they are giving their presentations.
Performance Task: Present a Retelling 79

OVERVIEW: INDEPENDENT LEARNING
ESSENTIAL QUESTION:

Young people have different points of view about growing up. In this section,
you will choose one additional selection about childhood for your final reading
experience in this unit. Follow these steps to help you choose.
Look Back Think about the selections you have already read. What more do
you want to know about the topic of childhood?
Look Ahead Preview the selections by reading the descriptions. Which one
seems most interesting and appealing to you?
Look Inside Take a few minutes to scan through the text you chose. Make
another selection if this text doesn’t meet your needs.
Independent Learning Strategies

need to rely on yourself to learn and work on your own. Review these strategies
and the actions you can take to practice them during Independent Learning.
Add ideas of your own for each category.

Create a schedule • Understand your goals and deadlines.
• Make a plan for what to do each day.
Practice what you’ve • Use First-Read and Close-Read Strategies to deepen your understanding.
learned Copyright © Savvas Learning Company LLC. All Rights Reserved.
• Evaluate the usefulness of the evidence to help you understand the topic.
• Consider the quality and reliability of the source.
Take notes • Record important ideas and information.

• Review your notes before preparing to share with a group.
CONTENTS
Choose one selection. Selections are available online only.
NOVEL EXCERPT
from Peter Pan

J. M. Barrie
Can Wendy convince Peter Pan to grow up?
POETRY
Oranges
Gary Soto
What details would you remember about a first date?
ESSAY
The Boy Nobody Knew

Faith Ringgold
A neighborhood comes together to show a family that their

child’s disability is nothing to be ashamed of.
SHORT STORY
Raymond’s Run
Toni Cade Bambara
Speed runs in the family.

SHORT STORY
Eleven
Sandra Cisneros
Some days, even little problems can seem overwhelming.
PERFORMANCE-BASED ASSESSMENT PREP

Review Evidence for a Nonfiction Narrative
Complete your Evidence Log for the unit by evaluating what you’ve learned and
synthesizing the information you’ve recorded.
Overview: Independent Learning 81

First-Read Guide Tool Kit

First-Read Guide and
Model Annotation
Use this page to record your first-read ideas.
Selection Title:
NOTICE new information or ideas you ANNOTATE by marking vocabulary and key
learn about the unit topic as you first read passages you want to revisit.
this text.
CONNECT ideas within the selection to RESPOND by writing a brief summary of

other knowledge and the selections you the selection.
have read.
Close-Read Guide Tool Kit

Close-Read Guide and
Model Annotation
Use this page to record your close-read ideas.
Selection Title:
Close Read the Text Analyze the Text

Revisit sections of the text you marked during Think about the author’s choices of patterns,
your first read. Read these sections closely structure, techniques, and ideas included in
and annotate what you notice. Ask yourself the text. Select one and record your thoughts
questions about the text. What can you about what this choice conveys.
conclude? Write down your ideas.
QuickWrite
Pick a paragraph from the text that grabbed your interest. Explain the power of this passage.
Overview: Independent Learning 83

Share Your Independent Learning

! EVIDENCE LOG Prepare to Share
Go to your Evidence Log What are some of the challenges and triumphs of
and record what you growing up?
learned from the text
you read. Even when you read or learn something independently, you can continue
to grow when you share what you have learned with others. Reflect
on the text you explored independently, and write notes about its
connection to the unit. In your notes, consider why this text belongs
in this unit.
Learn From Your Classmates

Discuss It Share your ideas about the text you explored on your
own. As you talk with others in your class, jot down a few ideas that
you learned from them.

Reflect
Review your notes, and mark the most important insight you gained from
these writing and discussion activities. Explain how this idea adds to your
understanding of childhood challenges and triumphs.
STANDARDS
ideas and expressing one’s own
clearly.
PERFORMANCE-BASED ASSESSMENT PREP
Review Evidence for a Nonfiction Narrative

At the beginning of this unit, you wrote your first thoughts about a life
experience that might answer the following question:
! EVIDENCE LOG
Review your Evidence Log and your QuickWrite from the beginning of the unit.
Did you learn anything new?
NOTES
Identify at least three pieces of evidence that interested you about the challenges and triumphs of
growing up.
1.
2.
3.
Identify a real-life experience that illustrates one of your ideas about

childhood challenges and triumphs.
Develop your thoughts into a topic sentence for a nonfiction narrative.

Complete this sentence starter:
Although it was challenging when
,
the end result was a triumph in that

.
Evaluate the Strength of Your Details Do you have enough details to STANDARDS
write a well-developed and engaging narrative about real-life events? If Writing
not, make a plan. 6.W.TTP.3 Write narratives (fiction
Brainstorm for details to add Talk with my classmates using effective techniques, relevant
Reread a selection Ask an expert structured event sequences.
a. Engage and orient the reader
by establishing a context and
Other: point of view and introducing
a speaker/narrator and/or
participants/characters.
Performance-Based Assessment Prep 85

SOURCES PART 1
• WHOLE-CLASS
SELECTIONS
Writing to Sources: Nonfiction Narrative
In this unit, you have read about different challenges and triumphs of
• SMALL-GROUP growing up. Some of the selections described hardships and confusing
SELECTIONS
changes, whereas other selections described the joys of discovery.
• INDEPENDENT-LEARNING
SELECTION
Assignment
Write a nonfiction narrative in which you tell about a real-life
experience that answers this question:
The experience may be yours, or it may be that of someone you know.
Begin by giving your reader background about the experience. Then,
present a natural, logical series of events that shows how a challenge
led to a triumph. Conclude by reflecting on the importance of the
experience.
! WORD NETWORK Reread the Assignment Review the assignment to be sure you fully
understand it. The task may reference some of the academic words
As you write and revise your
presented at the beginning of the unit. Be sure you understand each of
nonfiction narrative, use
the words here in order to complete the assignment correctly.
your Word Network to help
vary your word choices.
Academic Vocabulary
reflect contribute memorize

notable recognize
Review the Elements of Nonfiction Narrative Before you begin

writing, read the Nonfiction Narrative Rubric. Once you have completed
your first draft, check it against the rubric. If one or more of the elements
are missing or not as strong as they could be, revise your narrative to add
or strengthen those components. Copyright © Savvas Learning Company LLC. All Rights Reserved.
STANDARDS
Writing
Narrative Rubric
Focus and Organization Development Language/Conventions
The introduction is relevant and Narrative techniques, such as The narrative uses precise
engaging and introduces the dialogue, pacing, description, language and standard
characters and situation in a way that and reflection, are used to add English conventions of usage
appeals to readers. interest to the narrative and and mechanics.
to develop the experiences,
Events in the narrative are organized events, and/or characters. Sophisticated and varied word
effectively, progress in logical order, choice and syntax is used for
4 and are linked by clear transitions. Well-chosen descriptive meaning and reader interest.
language is frequently used
The conclusion follows the events in to convey the experiences in
the narrative and provides insightful the narrative and to help the
reflection on the related experiences in reader imagine the characters
the narrative. and scenes.
The introduction is engaging and Narrative techniques, such The narrative demonstrates
clearly introduces the characters and as dialogue, description, and consistent use of precise
situation. reflection, are often used to language and accuracy in
add interest to the narrative standard English conventions
Events in the narrative are organized, and to develop experiences, of usage and mechanics.
progress logically, and transition words events, and/or characters.
are used frequently. Well-chosen and varied word
3
Well-chosen descriptive choice and syntax is used for
The conclusion follows the rest of the language is usually used to meaning and reader interest.
narrative and provides some reflection convey the experiences in the
on the experiences related in the narrative and to describe the
narrative. characters and events.
The introduction introduces the Narrative techniques, such The narrative demonstrates
characters. as dialogue, description, and some use of precise language
reflection, are sometimes and accuracy in standard
Events in the narrative progress used in the narrative. English conventions of usage
somewhat logically, and some and mechanics.
transition words are used. Well-chosen descriptive
language is sometimes used Some varied word choice and
2 The conclusion adds little to the to convey experiences. syntax is used.
narrative and does not provide
reflection on the experiences in the
narrative.
The introduction is not relevant does Few, if any, narrative The narrative lacks precise
not introduce the characters and techniques are used in the language and contains
situation, or there is no introduction. narrative. mistakes in standard English
conventions of usage and
Events in the narrative are not well- The narrative fails to mechanics. Word choice and
organized and do not progress incorporate descriptive syntax show little or no variety.
1 logically. The ideas seem disconnected language to convey
and are not linked by transitional words experiences or to develop
and phrases. characters.
The conclusion does not connect to

the narrative, or there is no conclusion.
Performance-Based Assessment 87
PART 2
Speaking and Listening: Recitation
Assignment
After completing the final draft of your nonfiction narrative, plan and
present a recitation, in which you tell the story to classmates.
Do not simply read your narrative aloud. Examine what you have written,
and adapt it for a listening audience. Follow these steps to make your
recitation lively and engaging.
• Go back to your narrative, and annotate key events or descriptions
that you want to emphasize.
• Mark places in the narrative where you intend to slow down or
speed up.
• Add transitions as needed, to help a listening audience follow along.
• Use appropriate eye contact. Make sure to speak loudly enough for
STANDARDS
people to hear you, and pronounce words clearly.
6.SL.PKI.6 Adapt speech to a variety
Review the Rubric The criteria by which your recitation will be
of contexts and tasks, demonstrating evaluated appear in the rubric below. Review these criteria before
command of formal English when presenting to ensure that you are prepared.
indicated or appropriate.
Content Presentation Techniques

The presentation has an engaging introduction, The speaker maintains effective eye contact and
a logical sequence of events, and a meaningful speaks clearly and with adequate volume.
conclusion.
The speaker varies tone and volume to create an
3 The presentation effectively includes narrative engaging presentation.
techniques and a variety of transitions for clarity.
The presentation effectively includes descriptive

details relevant to the story.
The presentation has an introduction, a somewhat The speaker sometimes maintains effective eye
logical sequence of events, and a conclusion. contact and speaks somewhat clearly and with
adequate volume.
2 The presentation includes some narrative
techniques and some transitions for clarity. The speaker sometimes varies tone and emphasis to
create an engaging presentation.
The presentation includes some descriptive details.
The presentation does not have a logical sequence The speaker does not maintain effective eye contact
of events, and lacks an introduction or conclusion. or speak clearly with adequate volume.
The presentation does not include narrative The speaker does not vary tone and emphasis to
1
techniques and transitions. create an engaging presentation.
The presentation does not include descriptive

details.
UNIT
1 REFLECTION
Reflect on the Unit

Now that you’ve completed the unit, take a few moments to reflect on
your learning.
Reflect on the Unit Goals

Look back at the goals at the beginning of the unit. Use a different-
colored pen to rate yourself again. Think about readings and activities
that contributed the most to the growth of your understanding. Record
your thoughts.
Reflect on the Learning Strategies

Discuss It Write a reflection on whether you were able to improve
your learning based on your Action Plans. Think about what worked,
what didn’t, and what you might do to keep working on these strategies.
Record your ideas before a class discussion.
Reflect on the Text

Choose a selection that you found challenging, and explain what made it
difficult.
Explain something that surprised you about a text in the unit. Which
activity taught you the most about childhood? What did you learn?
Unit Reflection 89
NOVEL EXCERPT
from
Peter Pan
J. M. Barrie
About the Author

J. M. Barrie (1860–1937) was a Scottish author and
playwright, best known as the author of Peter Pan.
Barrie was educated in Scotland but later moved to
London, England, where he formed a friendship with
the Davies family. The Davies had five playful children
who were the inspiration for the Peter Pan stories.
BACKGROUND
Peter Pan, the mischievous boy who never grows up, is one of the best-
known characters in children’s literature. In this beloved novel, Peter
Pan and the Lost Boys live on a magical island called Neverland. Because
the Lost Boys are all parentless, Peter brings a young girl named Wendy
Darling to Neverland to be a mother figure to the boys.
Chapter 10 The Happy Home

NOTES
1
W e have now reached the evening that was to be known

among them as the Night of Nights, because of its
adventures and their upshot. The day, as if quietly gathering its
forces, had been almost uneventful, and now the redskins in their
blankets were at their posts above, while, below, the children were
having their evening meal; all except Peter, who had gone out to
get the time. The way you got the time on the island was to find
the crocodile, and then stay near him till the clock struck.
2 The meal happened to be a make-believe tea, and they sat
around the board, guzzling in their greed; and really, what with
their chatter and recriminations,1 the noise, as Wendy said, was
positively deafening. To be sure, she did not mind noise, but she
1. recriminations (rih krihm uh NAY shuhnz) n. mutual accusations.
IL1 UNIT 1 Independent Learning • from Peter Pan

simply would not have them grabbing things, and then excusing
themselves by saying that Tootles had pushed their elbow. There NOTES
was a fixed rule that they must never hit back at meals, but should
refer the matter of dispute to Wendy by raising the right arm
politely and saying, “I complain of so-and-so”; but what usually
happened was that they forgot to do this or did it too much.
3 “Silence,” cried Wendy when for the twentieth time she had
told them that they were not all to speak at once. “Is your mug
empty, Slightly darling?”
4 “Not quite empty mummy,” Slightly said, after looking into an
imaginary mug.
5 “He hasn’t even begun to drink his milk,” Nibs interposed.
6 This was telling, and Slightly seized his chance.
7 “I complain of Nibs,’’ he cried promptly.
8 John, however, had held up his hand first.
9 “Well, John?”
10 “May I sit in Peter’s chair, as he is not here?”
11 “Sit in father’s chair, John!” Wendy was scandalized. “Certainly
not.”
12 “He is not really our father,’’ John answered. “He didn’t even
know how a father does till I showed him.”
13 This was grumbling. “We complain of John,” cried the twins.
14 Tootles held up his hand. He was so much the humblest of
them, indeed he was the only humble one, that Wendy was
specially gentle with him.
15 “I don’t suppose,” Tootles said diffidently,2 “that I could be
father.”
16 “No, Tootles.”
17 Once Tootles began, which was not very often, he had a silly
way of going on.
18 “As I can’t be father,” he said heavily, “I don’t suppose Michael
you would let me be baby?”
19 “No, I won’t,” Michael rapped out. He was already in his

basket.
20 “As I can’t be baby,’’ Tootles said, getting heavier and heavier
and heavier, “do you think I could be a twin?”
21 “No, indeed,’’ replied the twins, “it’s awfully difficult to be a
twin.”
22 “As I can’t be anything important,” said Tootles “would any of
you like to see me do a trick?”
23 “No,” they all replied.
24 Then at last he stopped. “l hadn’t really any hope,” he said.
25 The hateful telling broke out again.
26 “Slightly is coughing on the table.”
27 “The twins began with cheese-cakes.”
2. diffidently adv. bashfully or timidly.
UNIT 1 Independent Learning • from Peter Pan IL2

28 “Curly is taking both butter and honey.”
NOTES 29 “Nibs is speaking with his mouth full.”
30 “I complain of the twins.”
31 “I complain of Curly.”
32 “I complain of Nibs.”
33 “Oh dear, oh dear,’’ cried Wendy “I’m sure I sometimes think
that spinsters are to be envied.”
34 She told them to clear away, and sat down to her work-basket, a
heavy load of stockings and every knee with a hole in it as usual.
35 “Wendy,” remonstrated3 Michael, “I’m too big for a cradle,”
36 “I must have somebody in a cradle,” she said almost tartly,
“and you are the littlest. A cradle is such a nice homely thing to
have about a house.”
37 While she sewed they played around her; such a group of
happy faces and dancing limbs lit up by that romantic fire. It had
become a very familiar scene, this, in the home under the ground,
but we are looking on it for the last time.
38 There was a step above, and Wendy, you may be sure, was the
first to recognize it.
39 “Children, I hear your father’s step. He likes you to meet him at
the door.”
40 He had brought nuts for the boys as well as the correct time for
Wendy.
41 “Peter, you just spoil them, you know,” Wendy simpered.4
42 “Ah, old lady,” said Peter, hanging up his gun.
43 “It was me told him mothers are called old lady,” Michael
whispered to Curly.
44 “I complain of Michael,” said Curly instantly.
45 The first twin came to Peter. “Father, we want to dance.”
46 “Dance away, my little man,” said Peter, who was in high good
humor.
47 “But we want you to dance.”

48 Peter was really the best dancer among them, but he pretended
to be scandalized.
49 “Me! My old bones would rattle!”
50 “And mummy too.”
51 “What,” cried Wendy, “the mother of such an armful, dance!”
52 “But on a Saturday night,” Slightly insinuated.
53 It was not really Saturday night, at least it may have been, for
they had long lost count of the days; but always if they wanted to
do anything special they said this was Saturday night, and then
they did it.
54 “Of course it is Saturday night, Peter,” Wendy said, relenting.
55 “People of our figure, Wendy!”
3. remonstrated v. scolded.
4. simpered v. smiled with silliness or exaggeration.

56 “But it is only among our own progeny.”5
57 “True, true.” NOTES
58 So they were told they could dance, but they must put on their
nighties first.
59 “Ah, old lady,” Peter said aside to Wendy, warming himself by
the fire and looking down at her as she sat turning a heel, “there
is nothing more pleasant of an evening for you and me when the
day’s toil is over than to rest by the fire with the little ones near
by.”
60 “It is sweet, Peter, isn’t it?” Wendy said, frightfully gratified.
“Peter, I think Curly has your nose.”
61 “Michael takes after you.”
62 She went to him and put her hand on his shoulder.
63 “Dear Peter,” she said, “with such a large family, of course, I
have now passed my best, but you don’t want to change6 me, do
you?”
64 “No, Wendy.”
65 Certainly he did not want a change, but he looked at her
uncomfortably, blinking, you know, like one not sure whether he
was awake or asleep.
66 “Peter, what is it?”
67 “I was just thinking,” he said, a little scared. “It is only make-
believe isn’t it that I am their father?”
68 “Oh yes,” Wendy said primly.7
69 “You see,” he continued apologetically, “it would make me
seem so old to be their real father.”
70 “But they are ours, Peter, yours and mine.”
71 “But not really, Wendy?” he asked anxiously.
72 “Not if you don’t wish it,” she replied; and she distinctly heard
his sigh of relief.
73 “Peter,” she asked, trying to speak firmly, “what are your exact
feelings to8 me?”
74 “Those of a devoted son, Wendy.”

75 “I thought so,” she said, and went and sat by herself at the
extreme end of the room.
76 “You are so queer,” he said, frankly puzzled, “and Tiger Lily is
just the same. There is something she wants to be to me, but she
says it is not my mother.”
77 “No, indeed, it is not,” Wendy replied with frightful emphasis.
Now we know why she was prejudiced against the redskins.
78 “Then what is it?”
79 “It isn’t for a lady to tell.”
5. progeny (PROJ uh nee) n. children.

6. change v. exchange.
7. primly adv. formally and properly.
8. to about.

80 “Oh, very well,” Peter said, a little nettled. “Perhaps Tinker Bell
NOTES will tell me.”
81 “Oh yes, Tinker Bell will tell you,” Wendy retorted scornfully.
“She is an abandoned little creature.”
82 Here Tink, who was in her bedroom, eavesdropping, squeaked
out something impudent.
83 “She says she glories in being abandoned,” Peter interpreted.
84 He had a sudden idea. “Perhaps Tink wants to be my mother?”
85 “You silly ass!” cried Tinker Bell in a passion.
86 She had said it so often that Wendy needed no translation.
87 “I almost agree with her,” Wendy snapped. Fancy Wendy
snapping! But she had been much tried, and she little knew what
was to happen before the night was out. If she had known she
would not have snapped.
88 None of them knew. Perhaps it was best not to know. Their

ignorance gave them one more glad hour; and as it was to be
their last hour on the island, let us rejoice that there were sixty
glad minutes in it. They sang and danced in their night-gowns.
Such a deliciously creepy song it was, in which they pretended
to be frightened at their own shadows, little witting9 that so soon
9. witting v. knowing.

shadows would close in upon them, from whom they would
shrink in real fear. So uproariously gay was the dance, and how NOTES
they buffeted each other on the bed and out of it! It was a pillow
fight rather than a dance, and when it was finished, the pillows
insisted on one bout more, like partners who know that they may
never meet again. The stories they told, before it was time for
Wendy’s good-night story! Even Slightly tried to tell a story that
night, but the beginning was so fearfully dull that it appalled not
only the others but himself, and he said happily:
89 “Yes, it is a dull beginning. I say, let us pretend that it is the
end.”
90 And then at last they all got into bed for Wendy’s story, the
story they loved best, the story Peter hated. Usually when she
began to tell this story he left the room or put his hands over his
ears; and possibly if he had done either of those things this time
they might all still be on the island. But tonight he remained on his
stool; and we shall see what happened.
Chapter 11 Wendy’s Story

91 “Listen then” said Wendy settling down to her story, with
Michael at her feet and seven boys in the bed. “There was once a
gentleman—”
92 “I had rather he had been a lady,” Curly said.
93 “I wish he had been a white rat,” said Nibs.
94 “Quiet,” their mother admonished10 them. “There was a lady
also, and—”
95 “Oh, mummy,” cried the first twin, “you mean that there is a
lady also, don’t you? She is not dead, is she?”
96 “Oh, no.”
97 “I am awfully glad she isn’t dead,” said Tootles. “Are you glad,
John?”
98 “Of course I am.”
99 “Are you glad, Nibs?”

100 “Rather.”
101 “Are you glad, Twins?”
102 “We are glad.”
103 “Oh dear,” sighed Wendy.
104 “Little less noise there,” Peter called out, determined that she
should have fair play, however beastly a story it might be in his
opinion.
105 “The gentleman’s name,” Wendy continued, “was Mr. Darling,
and her name was Mrs. Darling.”
106 “I knew them,” John said, to annoy the others.
107 “I think I knew them,” said Michael rather doubtfully.
10. admonished v. cautioned.

108 “They were married, you know,” explained Wendy, “and what
NOTES do you think they had?”
109 “White rats,” cried Nibs, inspired.
110 “No.”
111 “It’s awfully puzzling,” said Tootles, who knew the story by
heart.
112 “Quiet, Tootles. They had three descendants.”
113 “What is descendants?”
114 “Well, you are one, Twin.”
115 “Did you hear that, John? I am a descendant.”
116 “Descendants are only children,” said John.
117 “Oh dear, oh dear,” sighed Wendy. “Now these three children
had a faithful nurse called Nana; but Mr. Darling was angry with
her and chained her up in the yard and so all the children flew
away.”
118 “It’s an awfully good story,” said Nibs.
119 “They flew away,” Wendy continued, “to the Neverland, where
the lost children are.”
120 “I just thought they did,” Curly broke in excitedly. “I don’t
know how it is, but I just thought they did!”
121 “O Wendy,” cried Tootles, “was one of the lost children called
Tootles?”
122 “Yes, he was.”
123 “I am in a story. Hurrah, I am in a story, Nibs.”
124 “Hush. Now I want you to consider the feelings of the unhappy
parents with all their children flown away.”
125 “Oo!” they all moaned, though they were not really considering
the feelings of the unhappy parents one jot.
126 “Think of the empty beds!”
127 “Oo!”
128 “It’s awfully sad,” the first twin said cheerfully.
129 “I don’t see how it can have a happy ending,” said the second

twin. “Do you Nibs?”
130 “I’m frightfully anxious.”
131 “If you knew how great is a mother’s love,” Wendy told them
triumphantly “you would have no fear.” She had now come to the
part that Peter hated.
132 “I do like a mother’s love,” said Tootles, hitting Nibs with a
pillow. “Do you like a mother’s love, Nibs?”
133 “I do just,” said Nibs, hitting back.
134 “You see,” Wendy said complacently, “our heroine knew that
the mother would always leave the window open for her children
to fly back by; so they stayed away for years and had a lovely
time.”
135 “Did they ever go back?”

136 “Let us now,” said Wendy, bracing herself up for her finest
effort, “take a peep into the future,” and they all gave themselves NOTES
the twist that makes peeps into the future easier. “Years have
rolled by, and who is this elegant lady of uncertain age alighting at
London Station?”
137 “O Wendy, who is she?” cried Nibs, every bit as excited as if he
didn’t know.
138 “Can it be—yes—no—it is—the fair Wendy!”
139 “Oh!”
140 “And who are the two noble portly figures accompanying her,
now grown to man’s estate? Can they be John and Michael? They
are!”
141 “Oh!”
142 “‘See, dear brothers,’ says Wendy pointing upwards, ‘there is
the window still standing open. Ah, now we are rewarded for our
sublime faith in a mother’s love.’ So up they flew to their mummy
and daddy, and pen cannot describe the happy scene, over which
we draw a veil.”
143 That was the story, and they were as pleased with it as the fair
narrator herself. Everything just as it should be, you see. Off we
skip like the most heartless things in the world, which is what
children are, but so attractive; and we have an entirely selfish time,
and then when we have need of special attention we nobly return
for it, confident that we shall be rewarded instead of smacked.
144 So great indeed was their faith in a mother’s love that they felt
they could afford to be callous for a bit longer.
145 But there was one there who knew better, and when Wendy
finished he uttered a hollow groan.
146 “What is it, Peter?” she cried, running to him, thinking he was
ill. She felt him solicitously,11 lower down than his chest. “Where is
it, Peter?”
147 “It isn’t that kind of pain,” Peter replied darkly.
148 “Then what kind is it?”

149 “Wendy, you are wrong about mothers.”
150 They all gathered round him in affright, so alarming was
his agitation; and with a fine candor he told them what he had
hitherto concealed.
151 “Long ago,” he said, “I thought like you that my mother would
always keep the window open for me, so I stayed away for moons
and moons and moons, and then flew back; but the window was
barred, for mother had forgotten all about me, and there was
another little boy sleeping in my bed.”
152 I am not sure that this was true, but Peter thought it was true;
and it scared them.
153 “Are you sure mothers are like that?”
11. solicitously (suh LIHS uh tuhs lee) adv. carefully.

154 “Yes.”
NOTES 155 So this was the truth about mothers. The toads!
156 Still it is best to be careful; and no one knows so quickly as a
child when he should give in. “Wendy, let us12 go home,” cried
John and Michael together.
157 “Yes,” she said, clutching them.
158 “Not tonight?” asked the lost boys bewildered. They knew
in what they called their hearts that one can get on quite well
without a mother, and that it is only the mothers who think you
can’t.
159 “At once,” Wendy replied resolutely, for the horrible thought
had come to her:
160 “Perhaps mother is in half mourning by this time.”
161 This dread made her forgetful of what must be Peter’s feelings,
and she said to him rather sharply, “Peter, will you make the
necessary arrangements?”
162 “If you wish it,” he replied, as coolly as if she had asked him to
pass the nuts.
163 Not so much as a sorry-to-lose-you between them! If she did
not mind the parting, he was going to show her, was Peter, that
neither did he.
164 But of course he cared very much; and he was so full of wrath
against grown-ups, who, as usual, were spoiling everything,
that as soon as he got inside his tree he breathed intentionally
quick short breaths at the rate of about five to a second. He did
this because there is a saying in the Neverland that, every time
you breathe, a grown-up dies; and Peter was killing them off
vindictively as fast as possible.
165 Then having given the necessary instructions to the redskins he
returned to the home, where an unworthy scene had been enacted
in his absence. Panic-stricken at the thought of losing Wendy the
lost boys had advanced upon her threateningly.

166 “It will be worse than before she came,” they cried.
167 “We shan’t let her go.”
168 “Let’s keep her prisoner.”
169 “Ay, chain her up.”
170 In her extremity an instinct told her to which of them to turn.
“Tootles,” she cried, “I appeal to you.”
171 Was it not strange? She appealed to Tootles, quite the silliest
one.
172 Grandly, however, did Tootles respond. For that one moment he
dropped his silliness and spoke with dignity.
173 “I am just Tootles,” he said, “and nobody minds me. But the
first who does not behave to Wendy like an English gentleman I
will blood him severely.”
12. let us let’s.

174 He drew back his hanger; and for that instant his sun was at
noon. The others held back uneasily. Then Peter returned, and NOTES
they saw at once that they would get no support from him. He
would keep no girl in the Neverland against her will.
175 “Wendy,” he said, striding up and down, “I have asked the
redskins to guide you through the wood, as flying tires you so.”
176 “Thank you, Peter.”
177 “Then,” he continued, in the short sharp voice of one
accustomed to be obeyed, “Tinker Bell will take you across the sea.
Wake her, Nibs.”
178 Nibs had to knock twice before he got an answer, though Tink
had really been sitting up in bed listening for some time.
179 “Who are you? How dare you? Go away,” she cried.
180 “You are to get up, Tink,” Nibs called, “and take Wendy on a
journey.”
181 Of course Tink had been delighted to hear that Wendy was
going; but she was jolly well determined not to be her courier, and
she said so in still more offensive language. Then she pretended to
be asleep again.
182 “She says she won’t!” Nibs exclaimed, aghast at such
insubordination, whereupon Peter went sternly toward the young
lady’s chamber.
183 “Tink,” he rapped out, “if you don’t get up and dress at once
I will open the curtains, and then we shall all see you in your
negligee.”13
184 This made her leap to the floor. “Who said I wasn’t getting up?”
she cried.
185 In the meantime the boys were gazing very forlornly at Wendy,
now equipped with John and Michael for the journey. By this time
they were dejected, not merely because they were about to lose
her, but also because they felt that she was going off to something
nice to which they had not been invited. Novelty was beckoning
to them as usual.
186 Crediting them with a nobler feeling Wendy melted.
187 “Dear ones,” she said, “if you will all come with me I feel
almost sure I can get my father and mother to adopt you.”
188 The invitation was meant specially for Peter, but each of the
boys was thinking exclusively of himself, and at once they jumped
with joy.
189 “But won’t they think us rather a handful?” Nibs asked in the
middle of his jump.
190 “Oh no,” said Wendy, rapidly thinking it out, “it will only
mean having a few beds in the drawing-room; they can be hidden
behind the screens on first Thursdays.”
13. negligee (NEHG luh zhay) n. nightgown.

191 “Peter, can we go?” they all cried imploringly. They took it for
NOTES granted that if they went he would go also, but really they scarcely
cared. Thus children are ever ready, when novelty knocks, to
desert their dearest ones.
192 “All right,” Peter replied with a bitter smile, and immediately
they rushed to get their things.
193 “And now, Peter,” Wendy said, thinking she had put everything
right, “I am going to give you your medicine before you go.” She
loved to give them medicine, and undoubtedly gave them too
much. Of course it was only water, but it was out of a bottle and
she always shook the bottle and counted the drops, which gave it
a certain medicinal quality. On this occasion, however, she did not
give Peter his draught,14 for just as she had prepared it, she saw a
look on his face that made her heart sink.
194 “Get your things, Peter,” she cried, shaking.
195 “No,” he answered, pretending indifference, “I am not going
with you, Wendy.”
196 “Yes, Peter.”
197 “No.”
198 To show that her departure would leave him unmoved, he
skipped up and down the room, playing gaily on his heartless
pipes. She had to run about after him, though it was rather
undignified.
199 “To find your mother,” she coaxed.
200 Now, if Peter had ever quite had a mother, he no longer missed
her. He could do very well without one. He had thought them out,
and remembered only their bad points.
201 “No, no,” he told Wendy decisively; “perhaps she would say I
was old, and I just want always to be a little boy and to have fun.”
202 “But, Peter—”
203 “No.”
204 And so the others had to be told.

205 “Peter isn’t coming.”
206 Peter not coming! They gazed blankly at him, their sticks over
their backs, and on each stick a bundle. Their first thought was
that if Peter was not going he had probably changed his mind
about letting them go.
207 But he was far too proud for that. “If you find your mothers,”
he said darkly, “I hope you will like them.”
208 The awful cynicism of this made an uncomfortable impression,
and most of them began to look rather doubtful. After all, their
faces said, were they not noodles to want to go?
209 “Now then,” cried Peter, “no fuss, no blubbering; good-bye,
Wendy,” and he held out his hand cheerily, quite as if they must
really go now, for he had something important to do.
14. draught (draft) n. portion.

210 She had to take his hand, and there was no indication that he
would prefer a thimble. NOTES
211 “You will remember about changing your flannels, Peter?” she
said, lingering over him. She was always so particular about their
flannels.
212 “Yes.”
213 “And you will take your medicine?”
214 “Yes.”
215 That seemed to be everything, and an awkward pause followed.
Peter, however, was not the kind that breaks down before other
people. “Are you ready, Tinker Bell?” he called out.
216 “Ay, ay.”
217 “Then lead the way.”
218 Tink darted up the nearest tree; but no one followed her, for it
was at this moment that the pirates made their dreadful attack
upon the redskins. Above, where all had been so still, the air was
rent with shrieks and the clash of steel. Below, there was dead
silence. Mouths opened and remained open. Wendy fell on her
knees, but her arms were extended toward Peter. All arms were
extended to him, as if suddenly blown in his direction; they were
beseeching him mutely not to desert them. As for Peter, he seized
his sword, the same he thought he had slain Barbecue with, and
the lust of battle was in his eye. ❧

POETRY
Oranges
Gary Soto
About the Author

Gary Soto (b. 1952) is an award-winning poet and
author of children’s books. Much of his work focuses on
life in Mexican-American communities and is based on
his own childhood as well as his experiences as a young
adult. Soto says that writing helps him get his feelings
down on paper, where he can see them and reflect
on them.
BACKGROUND
Much of Soto’s writing focuses on life in Mexican-American
communities based on his own childhood and experiences as a young
adult. This poem takes place in the town of Soto’s childhood, Fresno,
California, in 1964. During that time, the price of candy was very
low—a candy bar would usually cost only a nickel.
The first time I walked

NOTES
With a girl, I was twelve,
Cold, and weighted down
With two oranges in my jacket.
5 December. Frost cracking
Beneath my steps, my breath
Before me, then gone,
As I walked toward
Her house, the one whose
10 Porch light burned yellow
Night and day, in any weather.
A dog barked at me, until
She came out pulling
At her gloves, face bright
IL13 UNIT 1 Independent Learning • Oranges

15 With rouge.1 I smiled,
Touched her shoulder, and led NOTES
Her down the street, across

A used car lot and a line
Of newly planted trees,
20 Until we were breathing
Before a drugstore. We
Entered, the tiny bell
Bringing a saleslady
Down a narrow aisle of goods.
25 I turned to the candies
Tiered2 like bleachers,
And asked what she wanted—
Light in her eyes, a smile
Starting at the corners
30 Of her mouth. I fingered
A nickel in my pocket,
And when she lifted a chocolate
That cost a dime,
I didn’t say anything.
35 I took the nickel from
My pocket, then an orange,
And set them quietly on
The counter. When I looked up,
The lady’s eyes met mine,
40 And held them, knowing
Very well what it was all
About.
Outside,
A few cars hissing past,
45 Fog hanging like old
Coats between the trees.
I took my girl’s hand

In mine for two blocks,
Then released it to let
50 Her unwrap the chocolate.
I peeled my orange
That was so bright against
The gray of December
That, from some distance,
55 Someone might have thought
I was making a fire in my hands.
1. rouge (roozh) n. reddish cosmetic used to color the cheeks.

2. tiered (tihrd) adj. arranged in levels, one above another.
UNIT 1 Independent Learning • Oranges IL14

ESSAY
The Boy
Nobody Knew
Faith Ringgold
About the Author

Artist, writer, and activist Faith Ringgold was born in
1930 in Harlem, New York. In the 1960s, Ringgold
protested against the art world’s exclusion of many
black and female artists. Ringgold is best known for her
story quilts—works of art combining fabric, painting,
and storytelling, which have been shown in museums
and galleries across the world.
BACKGROUND
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a disease that affects the central nervous
system and disrupts the flow of information between the brain, spinal
cord, and the rest of the body. It can cause a wide range of physical
problems, although different people with MS can have very different
symptoms.
NOTES
1
I t was one of those hot summer nights in Harlem in 1937.

Mother, Daddy, and Uncle Hilliard were talking about their
childhood growing up in Jacksonville, Florida. When Uncle
Hilliard came to visit we never missed a chance to laugh at his

stories. Everything he said was funny. We kids would just cover
our mouths and laugh into our hands. As long as we were quiet,
Mother would forget it was late and we were still up.
2 Uncle Hilliard was at the door now saying goodbye. Each of us
kids could give him a hug and he’d give us a silver dollar to spend
on our vacation.
3 Soon school would be closed and in a few weeks we’d be going
to stay with the Pattersons and their kids in Atlantic City. Barbara
and Andrew would spend their silver dollars long before then,
but I saved mine in my piggy bank. When Mother needed some
IL15 UNIT 1 Independent Learning • The Boy Nobody Knew

cash she’d borrow from me, replacing the coins with buttons and
washers, though it would be years before I found that out. NOTES
4 “You sure are crazy, Hilliard,” Mother yelled down the stairs at
Uncle Hilliard; he’d told my father, “Now don’t you get no uglier
till I get back. You need a license now to walk the street.” Daddy
just laughed and laughed.
5 And then the house was quiet. We were getting ready for bed
when we heard the superintendent running up the stairs and
knocking on every door. “Fire! Fire! Everybody outside!”
6 Everyone’s doors opened and all the tenants poured into the
halls of our tiny five-story apartment building and down the
narrow, steep stairs into the street.
7 It was really late by then, and the streets were empty except for
all of us standing there. Some people were wrapped in sheets over
their nightclothes. “Thank goodness it’s summer,” Mother said.
Hardly anybody was fully dressed.
8 Soon the fire engines woke up the entire street and people came
from everywhere to see where the fire was coming from. But it
was only in the basement.
9 The firemen came with their boots and helmets and big fire
hoses, and in no time they put out the fire. Afterward they let my
brother Andrew and some of the other boys climb up in the fire
truck and try on their firemen’s hats.
10 The adults gathered in groups and talked softly so that we kids
could hardly hear. There was a new little boy among us whom
nobody knew. He was Mr. and Mrs. Mullen’s little boy, from the
fifth floor.
11 The superintendent brought him down in a wheelchair. Nobody
knew him. Nobody knew he lived there. His mother and father
were very quiet people; hardly anyone ever saw them. Mr. Mullen
was a night watchman in a warehouse, so he went to work late
and came home early. And Mrs. Mullen only came out to buy
groceries and go to church on Sunday.

12 The little boy looked very strange as he sat twisting and turning
in his wheelchair and reaching out to the other children, trying to
grab their outstretched hands. He attempted to speak, but only
grunts came from his mouth.
13 Some of the tenants remembered hearing strange sounds
coming from the Mullens’ apartment, and after that they’d hear
“Shh, shh.” Mrs. Potter, their next-door neighbor, said, “I would
have never guessed that they had a little boy living there. We all
thought that Mr. and Mrs. Mullen lived alone.”
14 “What’s wrong with him?” one of the neighbors asked his
mother. “Is he your boy? Does he live in the building?” another
neighbor asked. But Mrs. Mullen didn’t answer. She just kept
UNIT 1 Independent Learning • The Boy Nobody Knew IL16

looking at her son and he at her. He seemed so happy and she so
NOTES sad. There were tears in her eyes and his too.
15 The men in the building gathered around the boy’s wheelchair
and lifted him up and carried him upstairs. My mother and some
of the other mothers put their arms around Mrs. Mullen. “God
don’t put no more on us than we can bear, Mrs. Mullen,” my
mother said softly. “We understand.”
16 The next day on our way to school we saw that same boy sitting
in his wheelchair across the street in the sun. It was Kenneth
Mullen, Jr. We knew now that he was six years old and he had
never been out in the sun until now.
17 They said he had a disease that made him act funny and talk
funny, in grunts and groans. But Mr. Parker, who had a medical
degree though he worked in the post office, said he was a smart
boy in the mind but his body was sick, and that his disease was
called multiple sclerosis and there was no known cure for it.
18 After the fire Mr. and Mrs. Mullen didn’t have to hide their little
boy anymore. People in the neighborhood now knew him and
loved him too.
19 Everybody going to work and to school stopped by to see him.
Just like that, Kenneth Mullen, Jr., was no longer the boy whom
nobody knew. ❧
IL17 UNIT 1 Independent Learning • The Boy Nobody Knew

SHORT STORY
Raymond’s Run
Toni Cade Bambara
About the Author

Toni Cade Bambara (1939–1995) grew up in New York City, where life
was tough but rewarding. She loved the city and the lively talk of the
streets. Bambara learned she had a gift for capturing the language and
struggles of real people, and her mother inspired her to write. “She [my
mother] gave me permission to wonder, to . . . dawdle, to daydream,”
Bambara once said.
BACKGROUND
“Raymond’s Run” takes place in the Harlem neighborhood of New
York City, where Toni Cade Bambara lived until she was ten years old.
The story was published in 1972 as part of Bambara’s first, and most
well known, collection of short stories, Gorilla, My Love. The collection
celebrates the voice and experience of young African American women
and their communities.
I don’t have much work to do around the house like some girls.
My mother does that. And I don’t have to earn my pocket NOTES
money by hustling; George runs errands for the big boys and sells
Christmas cards. And anything else that’s got to get done, my
father does. All I have to do in life is mind my brother Raymond,
which is enough.
2 Sometimes I slip and say my little brother Raymond. But as
any fool can see he’s much bigger and he’s older too. But a lot
of people call him my little brother cause he needs looking after
cause he’s not quite right. And a lot of smart mouths got lots to
say about that too, especially when George was minding him. But
now, if anybody has anything to say to Raymond, anything to say
about his big head, they have to come by me. And I don’t play
UNIT 1 Independent Learning • Raymond’s Run IL18

the dozens1 or believe in standing around with somebody in my
NOTES face doing a lot of talking. I much rather just knock you down and
take my chances even if I am a little girl with skinny arms and a
squeaky voice, which is how I got the name Squeaky. And if things
get too rough, I run. And as anybody can tell you, I’m the fastest
thing on two feet.
3 There is no track meet that I don’t win the first-place medal.
I used to win the twenty-yard dash when I was a little kid in
kindergarten. Nowadays, it’s the fifty-yard dash. And tomorrow
I’m subject to run the quarter-meter relay all by myself and come
in first, second, and third. The big kids call me Mercury2 cause I’m
the swiftest thing in the neighborhood. Everybody knows that—
except two people who know better, my father and me. He can
beat me to Amsterdam Avenue with me having a two-fire-hydrant
headstart and him running with his hands in his pockets and
whistling. But that’s private information. Cause can you imagine
some thirty-five-year-old man stuffing himself into PAL3 shorts to
race little kids? So as far as everyone’s concerned, I’m the fastest
and that goes for Gretchen, too, who has put out the tale that she
is going to win the first-place medal this year. Ridiculous. In the
second place, she’s got short legs. In the third place, she’s got
freckles. In the first place, no one can beat me and that’s all there is
to it.
4 I’m standing on the corner admiring the weather and about
to take a stroll down Broadway so I can practice my breathing
exercises, and I’ve got Raymond walking on the inside close to the
buildings, cause he’s subject to fits of fantasy and starts thinking
he’s a circus performer and that the curb is a tightrope strung high
in the air. And sometimes after a rain he likes to step down off his
tightrope right into the gutter and slosh around getting his shoes
and cuffs wet. Then I get hit when I get home. Or sometimes if
you don’t watch him he’ll dash across traffic to the island in the

middle of Broadway and give the pigeons a fit. Then I have to go
behind him apologizing to all the old people sitting around trying
to get some sun and getting all upset with the pigeons fluttering
around them, scattering their newspapers and upsetting the
waxpaper lunches in their laps. So I keep Raymond on the inside
of me, and he plays like he’s driving a stage coach which is OK by
me so long as he doesn’t run me over or interrupt my breathing
exercises, which I have to do on account of I’m serious about my
running, and I don’t care who knows it.
5 Now some people like to act like things come easy to them,
won’t let on that they practice. Not me. I’ll high-prance down
1. the dozens game in which the players insult one another; the first to show anger loses
2. Mercury in Roman mythology, the messenger of the gods, known for great speed.
3. PAL Police Athletic League.
IL19 UNIT 1 Independent Learning • Raymond’s Run

34th Street like a rodeo pony to keep my knees strong even if it
does get my mother uptight so that she walks ahead like she’s not NOTES
with me, don’t know me, is all by herself on a shopping trip, and
I am somebody else’s crazy child. Now you take Cynthia Procter
for instance. She’s just the opposite. If there’s a test tomorrow,
she’ll say something like, “Oh, I guess I’ll play handball this
afternoon and watch television tonight,” just to let you know
she ain’t thinking about the test. Or like last week when she won
the spelling bee for the millionth time, “A good thing you got
‘receive,’ Squeaky, cause I would have got it wrong. I completely
forgot about the spelling bee.” And she’ll clutch the lace on her
blouse like it was a narrow escape. Oh, brother. But of course
when I pass her house on my early morning trots around the
block, she is practicing the scales on the piano over and over
and over and over. Then in music class she always lets herself
get bumped around so she falls accidentally on purpose onto
the piano stool and is so surprised to find herself sitting there
that she decides just for fun to try out the ole keys. And what do
you know—Chopin’s4 waltzes just spring out of her fingertips
and she’s the most surprised thing in the world. A regular
prodigy. I could kill people like that. I stay up all night studying
the words for the spelling bee. And you can see me any time of
day practicing running. I never walk if I can trot, and shame on
Raymond if he can’t keep up. But of course he does, cause if he
hangs back someone’s liable to walk up to him and get smart, or
take his allowance from him, or ask him where he got that great
big pumpkin head. People are so stupid sometimes.
6 So I’m strolling down Broadway breathing out and breathing
in on counts of seven, which is my lucky number, and here comes
Gretchen and her sidekicks: Mary Louise, who used to be a friend
of mine when she first moved to Harlem from Baltimore and
got beat up by everybody till I took up for her on account of her
mother and my mother used to sing in the same choir when they
were young girls, but people ain’t grateful, so now she hangs out
with the new girl Gretchen and talks about me like a dog; and
Rosie, who is as fat as I am skinny and has a big mouth where
Raymond is concerned and is too stupid to know that there is not
a big deal of difference between herself and Raymond and that
she can’t afford to throw stones. So they are steady coming up
Broadway and I see right away that it’s going to be one of those
Dodge City5 scenes cause the street ain’t that big and they’re close
to the buildings just as we are. First I think I’ll step into the candy
store and look over the new comics and let them pass. But that’s
4. Chopin’s (shoh pan) Frédéric François Chopin (1810–1849), highly regarded Polish
composer and pianist, known for his challenging piano compositions.
5. Dodge City location of the television program Gunsmoke, which often presented a
gunfight between the sheriff and an outlaw.

chicken and I’ve got a reputation to consider. So then I think I’ll
NOTES just walk straight on through them or even over them if necessary.
But as they get to me, they slow down. I’m ready to fight, cause
like I said I don’t feature a whole lot of chit-chat, I much prefer to
just knock you down right from the jump and save everybody a
lotta precious time.
7 “You signing up for the May Day races?” smiles Mary Louise,
only it’s not a smile at all. A dumb question like that doesn’t
deserve an answer. Besides, there’s just me and Gretchen standing
there really, so no use wasting my breath talking to shadows.
8 “I don’t think you’re going to win this time,” says Rosie,
trying to signify with her hands on her hips all salty, completely
forgetting that I have whupped her behind many times for less
salt than that.
9 “I always win cause I’m the best,” I say straight at Gretchen
who is, as far as I’m concerned, the only one talking in this
ventriloquist-dummy routine.6 Gretchen smiles, but it’s not a
smile, and I’m thinking that girls never really smile at each other
because they don’t know how and don’t want to know how and
there’s probably no one to teach us how, cause grown-up girls
don’t know either. Then they all look at Raymond who has just
brought his mule team to a standstill. And they’re about to see
what trouble they can get into through him.
10 “What grade you in now, Raymond?”
11 “You got anything to say to my brother, you say it to me, Mary
Louise Williams of Raggedy Town, Baltimore.”
12 “What are you, his mother?” sasses Rosie.
13 “That’s right, Fatso. And the next word out of anybody and I’ll
be their mother too.” So they just stand there and Gretchen shifts
from one leg to the other and so do they.
14 Then Gretchen puts her hands on her hips and is about to
say something with her freckle-face self but doesn’t. Then she

walks around me looking me up and down but keeps walking
up Broadway, and her sidekicks follow her. So me and Raymond
smile at each other and he says, “Gidyap” to his team and I
continue with my breathing exercises, strolling down Broadway
toward the ice man on 145th with not a care in the world cause I
am Miss Quicksilver herself.
15 I take my time getting to the park on May Day because the
track meet is the last thing on the program. The biggest thing on
the program is the May Pole dancing, which I can do without,
thank you, even if my mother thinks it’s a shame I don’t take
part and act like a girl for a change. You’d think my mother’d be
grateful not to have to make me a white organdy dress with a
6. ventriloquist (vehn TRIHL uh kwihst) dummy routine a comedy act in which the
performer speaks through a puppet called a “dummy.”

big satin sash and buy me new white baby-doll shoes that can’t
be taken out of the box till the big day. You’d think she’d be glad NOTES
her daughter ain’t out there prancing around a May Pole getting
the new clothes all dirty and sweaty and trying to act like a fairy
or a flower or whatever you’re supposed to be when you should
be trying to be yourself, whatever that is, which is, as far as I am
concerned, a poor black girl who really can’t afford to buy shoes
and a new dress you only wear once a lifetime cause it won’t fit
next year.
16 I was once a strawberry in a Hansel and Gretel pageant when
I was in nursery school and didn’t have no better sense than to
dance on tiptoe with my arms in a circle over my head doing
umbrella steps and being a perfect fool just so my mother and
father could come dressed up and clap. You’d think they’d
know better than to encourage that kind of nonsense. I am not a
strawberry. I do not dance on my toes. I run. That is what I am
all about. So I always come late to the May Day program, just in
time to get my number pinned on and lay in the grass till they
announce the fifty-yard dash.
17 I put Raymond in the little swings, which is a tight squeeze
this year and will be impossible next year. Then I look around
for Mr. Pearson, who pins the numbers on. I’m really looking for
Gretchen if you want to know the truth, but she’s not around.
The park is jam-packed. Parents in hats and corsages and breast-
pocket handkerchiefs peeking up. Kids in white dresses and light-
blue suits. The parkees7 unfolding chairs and chasing the rowdy
kids from Lenox as if they had no right to be there. The big guys
with their caps on backwards, leaning against the fence swirling
the basketballs on the tips of their fingers, waiting for all these
crazy people to clear out the park so they can play. Most of the
kids in my class are carrying bass drums and glockenspiels8 and
flutes. You’d think they’d put in a few bongos or something for
real like that.

18 Then here comes Mr. Pearson with his clipboard and his cards
and pencils and whistles and safety pins and fifty million other
things he’s always dropping all over the place with his clumsy
self. He sticks out in a crowd because he’s on stilts. We used to
call him Jack and the Beanstalk to get him mad. But I’m the only
one that can outrun him and get away, and I’m too grown for that
silliness now.
19 “Well, Squeaky,” he says, checking my name off the list and
handing me number seven and two pins. And I’m thinking he’s
got no right to call me Squeaky, if I can’t call him Beanstalk.
7. parkees people who are often seen visiting the park.

8. glockenspiels (GLOK uhn speelz) n. musical instruments with flat metal bars that make
bell-like tones when struck with small hammers.

20 “Hazel Elizabeth Deborah Parker,” I correct him and tell him to
NOTES write it down on his board.
21 “Well, Hazel Elizabeth Deborah Parker, going to give someone
else a break this year?” I squint at him real hard to see if he is
seriously thinking I should lose the race on purpose just to give
someone else a break. “Only six girls running this time,” he
continues, shaking his head sadly like it’s my fault all of New York
didn’t turn out in sneakers. “That new girl should give you a run
for your money.” He looks around the park for Gretchen like a
periscope9 in a submarine movie. “Wouldn’t it be a nice gesture if
you were . . . to ahhh . . .”
22 I give him such a look he couldn’t finish putting that idea into
words. Grown-ups got a lot of nerve sometimes. I pin number
seven to myself and stomp away, I’m so burnt. And I go straight
for the track and stretch out on the grass while the band winds up
with “Oh, the Monkey Wrapped His Tail Around the Flag Pole,”
which my teacher calls by some other name. The man on the
loudspeaker is calling everyone over to the track and I’m on my
back looking at the sky, trying to pretend I’m in the country, but
I can’t, because even grass in the city feels hard as sidewalk, and
there’s just no pretending you are anywhere but in a “concrete
jungle” as my grandfather says.
23 The twenty-yard dash takes all of two minutes cause most of
the little kids don’t know no better than to run off the track or run
the wrong way or run smack into the fence and fall down and cry.
One little kid, though, has got the good sense to run straight for
the white ribbon up ahead so he wins. Then the second-graders
line up for the thirty-yard dash and I don’t even bother to turn my
head to watch cause Raphael Perez always wins. He wins before
he even begins by psyching the runners, telling them they’re going
to trip on their shoelaces and fall on their faces or lose their shorts
or something, which he doesn’t really have to do since he is very

fast, almost as fast as I am. After that is the forty-yard dash which
I used to run when I was in first grade. Raymond is hollering
from the swings cause he knows I’m about to do my thing cause
the man on the loudspeaker has just announced the fifty-yard
dash, although he might just as well be giving a recipe for angel
food cake cause you can hardly make out what he’s sayin’ for the
static. I get up and slip off my sweat pants and then I see Gretchen
standing at the starting line, kicking her legs out like a pro. Then
as I get into place I see that ole Raymond is on line on the other
side of the fence, bending down with his fingers on the ground
just like he knew what he was doing. I was going to yell at him
but then I didn’t. It burns up your energy to holler.
9. periscope n. tube that rises from a submarine to allow sailors to see objects above the
water’s surface.

24 Every time, just before I take off in a race, I always feel like I’m
in a dream, the kind of dream you have when you’re sick with NOTES
fever and feel all hot and weightless. I dream I’m flying over a
sandy beach in the early morning sun, kissing the leaves of the
trees as I fly by. And there’s always the smell of apples, just like
in the country when I was little and used to think I was a choo-
choo train, running through the fields of corn and chugging up
the hill to the orchard. And all the time I’m dreaming this, I get
lighter and lighter until I’m flying over the beach again, getting
blown through the sky like a feather that weighs nothing at all.
But once I spread my fingers in the dirt and crouch over the Get
on Your Mark, the dream goes and I am solid again and am telling
myself, Squeaky you must win, you must win, you are the fastest
thing in the world, you can even beat your father up Amsterdam
if you really try. And then I feel my weight coming back just
behind my knees then down to my feet then into the earth and
the pistol shot explodes in my blood and I am off and weightless
again, flying past the other runners, my arms pumping up and
down and the whole world is quiet except for the crunch as I
zoom over the gravel in the track. I glance to my left and there
is no one. To the right, a blurred Gretchen, who’s got her chin
jutting out as if it would win the race all by itself. And on the other
side of the fence is Raymond with his arms down to his side and
the palms tucked up behind him, running in his very own style,
and it’s the first time I ever saw that and I almost stop to watch
my brother Raymond on his first run. But the white ribbon is
bouncing toward me and I tear past it, racing into the distance till
my feet with a mind of their own start digging up footfuls of dirt
and brake me short. Then all the kids standing on the side pile
on me, banging me on the back and slapping my head with their
May Day programs, for I have won again and everybody on 151st
Street can walk tall for another year.
25 “In first place . . .” the man on the loudspeaker is clear as

a bell now. But then he pauses and the loudspeaker starts to
whine. Then static. And I lean down to catch my breath and
here comes Gretchen walking back, for she’s overshot the finish
line too, huffing and puffing with her hands on her hips taking
it slow, breathing in steady time like a real pro and I sort of like
her a little for the first time. “In first place . . .” and then three
or four voices get all mixed up on the loudspeaker and I dig my
sneaker into the grass and stare at Gretchen who’s staring back,
we both wondering just who did win. I can hear old Beanstalk
arguing with the man on the loudspeaker and then a few others
running their mouths about what the stopwatches say. Then
I hear Raymond yanking at the fence to call me and I wave to
shush him, but he keeps rattling the fence like a gorilla in a cage

like in them gorilla movies, but then like a dancer or something
NOTES he starts climbing up nice and easy but very fast. And it occurs
to me, watching how smoothly he climbs hand over hand and
remembering how he looked running with his arms down to
his side and with the wind pulling his mouth back and his teeth
showing and all, it occurred to me that Raymond would make a
very fine runner. Doesn’t he always keep up with me on my trots?
And he surely knows how to breathe in counts of seven cause
he’s always doing it at the dinner table, which drives my brother
George up the wall. And I’m smiling to beat the band cause if
I’ve lost this race, or if me and Gretchen tied, or even if I’ve won,
I can always retire as a runner and begin a whole new career as a
coach with Raymond as my champion. After all, with a little more
study I can beat Cynthia and her phony self at the spelling bee.
And if I bugged my mother, I could get piano lessons and become
a star. And I have a big rep as the baddest thing around. And I’ve
got a roomful of ribbons and medals and awards. But what has
Raymond got to call his own?
26 So I stand there with my new plans, laughing out loud by this
time as Raymond jumps down from the fence and runs over
with his teeth showing and his arms down to the side, which
no one before him has quite mastered as a running style. And
by the time he comes over I’m jumping up and down so glad
to see him—my brother Raymond, a great runner in the family
tradition. But of course everyone thinks I’m jumping up and
down because the men on the loudspeaker have finally gotten
themselves together and compared notes and are announcing “In
first place—Miss Hazel Elizabeth Deborah Parker.” (Dig that.)
“In second place—Miss Gretchen P. Lewis.” And I look over at
Gretchen wondering what the “P” stands for. And I smile. Cause
she’s good, no doubt about it. Maybe she’d like to help me coach
Raymond; she obviously is serious about running, as any fool can

see. And she nods to congratulate me and then she smiles. And I
smile. We stand there with this big smile of respect between us.
It’s about as real a smile as girls can do for each other, considering
we don’t practice real smiling every day, you know, cause maybe
we too busy being flowers or fairies or strawberries instead of
something honest and worthy of respect . . . you know . . . like
being people. ❧

SHORT STORY
Eleven
Sandra Cisneros
About the Author

Sandra Cisneros (b. 1954) was born in Chicago, Illinois,
but her family often traveled to Mexico to visit her
grandfather. The frequent moves left her with few
friends, so she “retreated inside” herself by reading and
writing. Cisneros has won many awards, including the
prestigious MacArthur Fellowship, known as the
“Genius Grant.”
BACKGROUND
Adolescence is the period of time in a person’s life between childhood
and adulthood. Many experts believe that adolescence begins at the
age of ten. During this time, many adolescents face peer pressure and
struggle to understand themselves and their place in the world.
W hat they don’t understand about birthdays and what they

never tell you is that when you’re eleven, you’re also ten, NOTES
and nine, and eight, and seven, and six, and five, and four, and
three, and two, and one. And when you wake up on your eleventh
birthday you expect to feel eleven, but you don’t. You open your
eyes and everything’s just like yesterday, only it’s today. And you
don’t feel eleven at all. You feel like you’re still ten. And you are—
underneath the year that makes you eleven.
2 Like some days you might say something stupid, and that’s the
part of you that’s still ten. Or maybe some days you might need to
sit on your mama’s lap because you’re scared, and that’s the part
of you that’s five. And maybe one day when you’re all grown up
maybe you will need to cry like if you’re three, and that’s okay.
That’s what I tell Mama when she’s sad and needs to cry. Maybe
she’s feeling three.
UNIT 1 Independent Learning • Eleven IL26

3 Because the way you grow old is kind of like an onion or like
NOTES the rings inside a tree trunk or like my little wooden dolls that
fit one inside the other, each year inside the next one. That’s how
being eleven years old is.
4 You don’t feel eleven. Not right away. It takes a few days, weeks
even, sometimes even months before you say Eleven when they
ask you. And you don’t feel smart eleven, not until you’re almost
twelve. That’s the way it is.
5 Only today I wish I didn’t have just eleven years rattling inside
me like pennies in a tin Band-Aid box. Today I wish I was one-
hundred-and-two instead of eleven because if I was one-hundred-
and-two I’d have known what to say when Mrs. Price put the red
sweater on my desk. I would’ve known how to tell her it wasn’t
mine instead of just sitting there with that look on my face and
nothing coming out of my mouth.
6 “Whose is this?” Mrs. Price says, and she holds the red sweater
up in the air for all the class to see. “Whose? It’s been sitting in the
coatroom for a month.”
7 “Not mine,” says everybody. “Not me.”
8 “It has to belong to somebody,” Mrs. Price keeps saying, but
nobody can remember. It’s an ugly sweater with red plastic
buttons and a collar and sleeves all stretched out like you could
use it for a jump rope. It’s maybe a thousand years old and even if
it belonged to me I wouldn’t say so.
9 Maybe because I’m skinny, maybe because she doesn’t like me,
that stupid Felice Garcia says, “I think it belongs to Rachel.” An
ugly sweater like that, all raggedy and old, but Mrs. Price believes
her. Mrs. Price takes the sweater and puts it right on my desk, but
when I open my mouth nothing comes out.
10 “That’s not, I don’t, you’re not . . . not mine,” I finally say in a
little voice that was maybe me when I was four.
11 “Of course it’s yours,” Mrs. Price says. “I remember you

wearing it once.” Because she’s older and the teacher, she’s right
and I’m not.
12 Not mine, not mine, not mine, but Mrs. Price is already turning
to page 32, and math problem number four. I don’t know why but
all of a sudden I’m feeling sick inside, like the part of me that’s
three wants to come out of my eyes, only I squeeze them shut
tight and bite down on my teeth real hard and try to remember
today I am eleven, eleven. Mama is making a cake for me tonight,
and when Papa comes home everybody will sing happy birthday,
happy birthday to you.
13 But when the sick feeling goes away and I open my eyes, the
red sweater’s still sitting there like a big red mountain. I move the
red sweater to the corner of my desk with my ruler. I move my
IL27 UNIT 1 Independent Learning • Eleven

pencil and books and eraser as far from it as possible. I even move
my chair a little to the right. Not mine, not mine, not mine. NOTES
14 In my head I’m thinking how long till lunchtime, how long till
I can take the red sweater and throw it over the school yard fence,
or even leave it hanging on a parking meter, or bunch it up into
a little ball and toss it in the alley. Except when math period ends
Mrs. Price says loud and in front of everybody, “Now Rachel,
that’s enough,” because she sees I’ve shoved the red sweater to
the tippy-tip corner of my desk and it’s hanging all over the edge
like a waterfall, but I don’t care.
15 “Rachel,” Mrs. Price says. She says it like she’s getting mad.
“You put that sweater on right now and no more nonsense.”
16 “But it’s not . . .”
17 “Now!” Mrs. Price says.
18 This is when I wish I wasn’t eleven, because all the years inside
of me—ten, nine, eight, seven, six, five, four, three, two, and one—
are all pushing at the back of my eyes when I put one arm through
one sleeve of the sweater that smells like cottage cheese, and then
the other arm through the other and stand there with my arms
apart as if the sweater hurts me and it does, all itchy and full of
germs that aren’t even mine.
19 That’s when everything I’ve been holding in since this morning,
since when Mrs. Price put the sweater on my desk, finally lets
go, and all of a sudden I’m crying in front of everybody. I wish I
was invisible but I’m not. I’m eleven and it’s my birthday today
and I’m crying like I’m three in front of everybody. I put my head
down on the desk and bury my face in my stupid clown sweater
arms. My face all hot and spit coming out of my mouth because
I can’t stop the little animal noises from coming out of me, until
there aren’t any more tears left in my eyes, and it’s just my body
shaking like when you have the hiccups, and my whole head
hurts like when you drink milk too fast.
20 But the worst part is right before the bell rings for lunch. That
stupid Phyllis Lopez, who is even dumber than Felice Garcia, says
she remembers the red sweater is hers! I take it off right away and
give it to her, only Mrs. Price pretends like everything’s okay.
21 Today I’m eleven. There’s a cake Mama’s making for tonight,
and when Papa comes home from work we’ll eat it. There’ll be
candles and presents and everybody will sing happy birthday,
happy birthday to you, Rachel, only it’s too late.
22 I’m eleven today. I’m eleven, ten, nine, eight, seven, six, five,
four, three, two, and one, but I wish I was one-hundred-and-two.
I wish I was anything but eleven, because I want today to be far
away already, far away like a tiny kite in the sky, so tiny-tiny you
have to close your eyes to see it. ❧
UNIT 1 Independent Learning • Eleven IL28

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UNIT

UNIT INTRODUCTION SMALL-GROUP LEARNING

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PERFORMANCE TASK PERFORMANCE TASK

• Unit Introduction Videos

PERFORMANCE-BASED Additional digital resources can be found in:

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Discuss It Do you think competition should be part

Best of the Bee

WHOLE-CLASS SMALL-GROUP INDEPENDENT

MEDIA: COMIC STRIP MAGAZINE ARTICLE POETRY

PERFORMANCE TASK PERFORMANCE TASK PERFORMANCE-BASED ASSESSMENT PREP

When did a challenge lead to a triumph?

NOT AT ALL NOT VERY SOMEWHAT VERY EXTREMELY

• Read and analyze how authors present

• Expand your knowledge and use of

WRITING AND RESEARCH GOALS 1 2 3 4 5

• Write a nonfiction narrative in which

• Conduct research projects of various

• Correctly use common, proper, and

• Use word choice, sentence structures,

• Engage in collaborative discussions,

Academic Vocabulary: Nonfiction Narrative

WORD MENTOR SENTENCES PREDICT MEANING RELATED WORDS

reflect 1. Nathan needs time to reflect on his actions reflection; reflective

notable 1. The museum features the famous paintings

contribute 1. You can contribute to the discussion by

recognize 1. Shay and Brooke did not recognize their

memorize 1. It is difficult to memorize all of the different

LAUNCH TEXT | NONFICTION NARRATIVE

This selection is an example of

“S ometimes you just have to laugh,” I tell my daughter, who is

create a fleet of Conestoga wagons in a circle formation around

made of pipe cleaners, and children running around playing

! WORD NETWORK FOR CHILDHOOD

Wagon Train at Dusk 7

! EVIDENCE LOG FOR CHILDHOOD

Title of Text: Date:

Wagon Train at Dusk 9

What are some of the challenges

Whole-Class Learning Strategies

STRATEGY ACTION PLAN

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from Brown Girl Dreaming

An author relates her childhood experiences in

MEDIA: COMIC STRIP

Gallery of Calvin and Hobbes Comics

For Calvin and his tiger Hobbes, childhood is an

Overview: Whole-Class Learning 11

About the Author

First Read MEMOIR IN VERSE

NOTICE whom the story is ANNOTATE by marking

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STANDARDS CONNECT ideas within RESPOND by completing

Already there are stories

from Brown Girl Dreaming 13

Down south already feels like a long time ago