Table of Contents

Page Contents

2 Schedule of Assignments
3 Course Aim, Objectives, Requirements
4 Grading, Discussion, Attendance, Makeup Work
4 Disability Accommodations, Note to History Majors
6 Midterm Exam
7 Final Exam
8 3 Sample Test Question Responses
10 Selected Books Reading List
15 How to Write Book Reviews
18 Sample Book Review
20 Sample Film Review
22 Sample Article Review
24 Spectrum Journal Articles
47 “Keepers of the Flame: Part I - The Apostasy”
48 “Keepers of the Flame: Part II – The Reformers”
49 “Keepers of the Flame: Part III – The Great Expectation”
50 “Keepers of the Flame: Part IV – After The Disappointment”
51 “Keepers of the Flame: Part V – The Weakest of the Weak”
52 “Keepers of the Flame: Part VI – A Lesser Light”
53 “Keepers of the Flame: Part VII – A Healing Ministry”
54 “Keepers of the Flame: Part VIII – Ellen, The Women”
55 “William Miller” (18 minutes; 1989)
56 “The Midnight Cry!” (1994; 102 minutes)
58 “The Kellogg Brothers: Cornflake Kings” (1995; 50 minutes)
59 “The Cornflakes Story” with Gerrilyn Roberts (24 minutes)
60 “Waco: The Inside Story” (1995; 57 minutes)
61 “Ordination to the Gospel Ministry” (1995; 90 minutes)
62 “The Conscientious Objector” (2005; 101 minutes)
64 “The Red Books” (2008; 90 minutes)

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 HIST404 (3 crs.)
Adventist Heritage
11:30 a.m.-12:20 p.m. MWF
NH214 (Spring 2008)
Instructor: Dr. Brian E. Strayer
Office: Nethery Hall 122B
Hours: 8:30-9:20 a.m., 12:30-1:20 p.m.. MWF. Other times by appointment.
Phone: 471-3612; E-mail: [email protected]
Textbooks: Richard W. Schwarz & Floyd Greenleaf, Light Bearers (2000)
Nancy Vyhmeister, ed., Women in Ministry (1998)
Schedule of Assignments:
January 9—Introduction & Syllabus
11—Schwarz & Greenleaf, 13-22
14—23-34
16—35-50
18—51-68
21—69-82 (Martin Luther King, Jr. Day)
23—83-99
25—100-13
28—114-29
30—130-45
February 1—146-59
4—160-74 [Book Review #1]
6—175-88
8—207-24
11—225-40
13—241-58
*15—Midterm Exam due by 5:00 p.m.[-10% per hour if late]
18—259-72 [Presidents’ Day]
20—273-92
22—332-47
25—348-63
27—364-84
29—385-400
March 3—420-41
5—442-57
7—458-77
10—478-98 [Book Review #2]
12—499-517
24—518-38
26—539-64
28—605-26
31—627-55
April 2—Vyhmeister, 9-43
4—45-74
7—77-114
9—115-54
11—157-86
14—187-209
16—211-55
18—259-311 {All signed & dated H.A.V. brochures must be in by today}
21—313-54
23—355-76
*29—Final Exam due Tuesday by Noon [-10% per hour if late]

2
Aim of the Course: "The greatest work of the teacher is to lead those under his charge to be
intellectual Christians."-- Ellen White, ms. release 76, p. 3.

Course Objectives:

1. To develop an understanding of and appreciation for the individuals and forces shaping the
development of the SDA church, its doctrines, mission, and organization.
2. To develop insights into the interchange between a developing social institution and the
milieu in which the development took place.
3. To examine and evaluate the SDA church's claim to uniqueness and special mission as a part
of the last day remnant church.
4. To provide a basis for understanding the roles of selected individuals in the development of
Adventism from 1844 to the present.
5. To seek spiritual lessons from the past experiences of the SDA church for us today.

Course Requirements:

It is expected that each student will study the daily reading assignments, seeking not only to
understand what the authors write, but always being prepared to discuss in class their statements,
evidence and methods. Thirty-five 5-point quizzes will be given over each day’s reading
assignment at the beginning of class. The 5 lowest quiz scores will be dropped at the end of the
semester. Questions will be read three times only. Two take-home essay exams of 100 points
each will be given over readings and lectures. Each student must choose from the following two
project ideas to earn an additional 100 points this semester

(A) Book reviews (50 points each): Choose one or two books from the reading list
and write a critical, analytical five-page analysis of each book's style, sources, biases,
suggested improvements, etc. At least one book review must be completed before the
midterm exam on the date designated. In addition to submitting a hard copy, the first
book review must be submitted via Live-Text, which can be purchased at the AU
Bookstore or by going to http://www.livetext.com/purchasing/membership_student.html.
For information on how to submit assignments through LiveText, go to their website at
http://www.andrews.edu/sed/livetext and click Information for Students. You may also
seek assistance from Andrew Pfeifer at [email protected] or call him at 3872.

(B) Historical Tour of Battle Creek (50 points): Drive to Battle Creek’s Historic Adventist
Village for the Sabbath afternoon tour of pioneer homes, graves, and the Kellogg Museum.
Have your guide sign and date the tour brochure, add your name to it, and turn it in for credit
by the designated date in April (two weeks prior to the end of the semester).

Grading: Your letter grade is based on the composite of all points earned from quizzes, exams,

3
 and projects as follows.

2 Exams 200 points Grading Scale

Projects 100 points Lowest A = 419 (93%)
35 Quizzes 150 points (drop 5) A- = 405 (90%)
TOTAL 450 points B+ = 392 (87%)
B = 374 (83%)
B- = 360 (80%)
C+ = 347 (77%)
*Lowest grade for certification credit *C = 329 (73%)
C- = 315 (70%)
D = 270 (60%)
F = 0-266 (0-59%)

Class Discussion: This is not a lecture course, so your participation is very important to
your grade and to your enjoyment for the class. Come to class prepared to share your
questions and ideas!

Class Attendance: Attendance is taken every time the class meets. Please be in your
chosen seat when the bell rings as absences will be marked at that time. If you arrive
late, see me after class about changing your absence to a tardiness. The Bulletin allows a
maximum of nine absences for a three-credit class. Exceeding that limit will result in
lowering the grade one letter.

Penalties for Late Work: There will be a discount of 10% per day for all late written work
after the due date has passed (including book reviews) and a penalty of 10% per hour for late
exams. Printing problems will not be accepted as an excuse for lateness as often they are
endemic to procrastination.

Academic Dishonesty Policy: Honesty in all academic matters is a viatal component of

personal integrity. Breaches in academic integrity principles are taken seriously. Acts of
academic dishonesty as described in the University Bulletin are subject to incremental
disciplinary penalties with redemptive intent. Such acts are tracked in the office of the Vice
President for Academic Administration. Repeated and/or serious offenses will be referred to
the Committee on Academic Integrity for further recommendations on penalties. To avoid
involvement in academic dishonesty, in this course my policy will be to give no credit to any
quiz, test, essay, book review or term paper that demonstrates any degree of plagiarism,
which is stealing and passing off the words or ideas of another as one’s own without giving
credit (as with quotation marks or footnotes) to the original source (book, article, etc.) or
copying information from another student’s quiz or test in the classroom. Such behavior will
also be reported to the student’s advisor and to the chair of the History and Political Science
Department.

Writing Implements: Article reports, book reviews, research papers, and exams must be typed
or computer printed in dark (laser quality) print on 8.5” x 11” paper with one-inch margins.

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 No assignments will be accepted by e-mail or electronic attachment.

Disability Accommodations: Students with diagnosed disabilities may request accommodations

and be directed to the Office of Student Success for assistance. If you qualify for
accommodations under the American Disabilities Act, please see me as soon as possible for
referral and assistance in arranging such accommodations.

History Majors: History Majors should keep copies of their graded book reviews in this class.
These will be needed for the portfolio in HIST480 Senior Seminar during the Senior year.

May God richly bless you as we explore the Adventist heritage together!

Brian E. Strayer
Professor of History

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HIST 404 Adventist Heritage Midterm Exam

Directions: Choose any questions so long as their totals add up to 100 points.

Part A: Survey Questions: Write 8 pp. of detailed, analytical prose for each (50 pts.)

1. In what ways did Millerism fit the milieu of reformism in the “Burned Over District” in
which it developed? In what ways was it unique or different from other reform movements?
(Schwarz & Greenleaf, 13-49)

2. What serious problems faced the fledgling Sabbatarian Adventist believers from 1844 to
1863? How did various forms of organization help solve those problems? (Schwarz &
Greenleaf, 69-99)

3. Why were early Sabbatarian Adventists such reluctant missionaries? What organizational
developments and methods helped them develop a more effective outreach to the world by
1900? (Schwarz & Greenleaf, 130-45, 207-24)

4. Why might early Adventists be described as “loving legalists” doctrinally? How did the
issues discussed at Minneapolis in 1888 help to correct this image somewhat? (Schwarz &
Greenleaf, 160-88)

Part B: Topical Questions: Write 4 pp. of detailed, analytical prose for each (25 pts.)

1. Why do you think God allowed the “Great Disappointment” of October 22, 1844? What
positive results did it bring in its wake? (Schwarz & Greenleaf, 51-67)

2. Why didn’t all Sabbatarian Adventists become eager health reformers before 1863? How did
Ellen White’s visions make a difference to many, but not all? (Schwarz & Greenleaf, 100-
13)

3. Given the improvements in public schools during the 1820s-50s, why did SDAs want their
own educational system? Why did leading educators fail to agree on a blueprint for that
system until the 1890s? (Schwarz & Greenleaf, 114-29)

4. What purposes did the T & M Societies, city missions, camp meetings, Sabbath schools, and
temperance societies serve in the SDA church? (Schwarz & Greenleaf, 146-59)

5. Why did Adventist evangelism progress so slowly in the South? Once begun, which methods
worked best among whites and African-Americans? (Schwarz & Greenleaf, 225-240)

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HIST 404 Adventist Heritage Final Exam

Directions: Choose any questions so long as their totals add up to 100 points.

Part A: Survey Questions: Write 8 pp. of detailed, analytical prose for each (50 pts.)

1. What challenges faced the global church in the 20th century? What new approaches were
devised to meet these new problems? (Schwarz & Greenleaf, 273-92, 518-62)

2. In engaging with the secular world and Christianity, how has our Church achieved the most
success? The least success? Why? (Schwarz & Greenleaf, 420-57)

3. As educated, professional lay people play larger roles within Adventism, how has their
involvement changed the church’s social conscience, health consciousness, and racial and
ethnic dynamics? (Schwarz & Greenleaf, 458-516)

4. What are the issues surrounding ordination that causes church leaders either to offer or deny it
to women? (Vyhmeister, 77-96, 101-12, 115-28, 144-52)

5. Why did SDA pioneers, including Ellen White, approve of women playing ministerial and
leadership roles in the church? How has women’s involvement changed the church?
(Vyhmeister, 187-204, 211-29, 235-52)

Part B: Topical Questions: Write 4 pp. of detailed, analytical prose for each (25 pts.)

1. What were the key issues of the “Kellogg Crisis?” Were there faults on both sides? (Schwarz
& Greenleaf, 259-72)

2. What controversies have surrounded the ministry of Ellen White to the church? What do you
see as her legacy to Adventism today? (Schwarz & Greenleaf, 348-63)

3. How have world wars affected the global church both positively and negatively? (Schwarz &
Greenleaf, 364-84)

4. What common themes permeate nearly all Adventist dissident groups or individuals? What
lessons might the church learn from offshoot movements to help understand them better?
(Schwarz & Greenleaf, 607-26)

5. Explain the arguments about male headship and female submission. Do you agree with them?
Why or why not? (Vyhmeister, 259-84, 297-308)

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HIST 404 Adventist Heritage 3 Sample Test Question Responses

Questions B-1: Why were Adventists such reluctant missionaries at first? What witnessing
methods proved most successful from 1868 to 1900 and why?

Response A: The “Listy” Essay (Gives outline of topic, not proofs or connections or reasons
why)

I think SDAs were such “reluctant missionaries” at first, because after the
Disappointment, they held onto the “Shut Door” doctrine, you know, and this kept them from
going into the world. Then too, missionary work is expensive, and they didn’t have the money
for it. Of course, few of them knew any foreign languages either, or had any training for foreign
missions work. Some felt that they could reach other ethnic groups here in North America just
as well and thus fulfill the Gospel Commission. Then too, we were more at ease with White
American Christians than we were foreigners anyway. The mixed results of Czechowski’s
efforts in Europe turned some SDAs off to any follow-up, especially since there were as yet no
trained nationals to assist us overseas. Many countries expressed strong anti-American feelings
in the 1880’s and 1890’s and these probably kept us from going over. Finally, many SDAs felt
they could witness on the job or pass out tracts at home. So, for all these reasons, we are slow
about reaching out to witness. Etc.

Response B: The Narrative/Descriptive Essay ( Gives a few more details, but usually in story
form without analysis or reasons why)

Adventists were so hung up on the “Shut Door” idea in 1844 that they didn’t feel like
going out to witness. Even on Oct. 23, 1844, when Edson walked across the cornfield on a
golden morning, hoping to cheer the brethren in the surrounding hill countryside—I wish I’d
been there!--well, he looked up into the heavens and saw Christ moving from the Holy Place to
the Most Holy Place (in the heavenly Sanctuary, I mean)—well, even after all that, they still
didn’t have the idea of opening a door for future conversions. Of course, Czechowsi in 1864
went on his own—that crafty guy, he preached SDA doctrines while on the payroll of the First
Day Adventists! Imagine that! But he did convert a few people in Switz., France, Italy and
Hungary before he died (dirt poor, I guess, in an Austrian asylum for the insane). His
unfortunate end didn’t help matters much by way of encouraging SDAs to follow up on foreign
missions. But one day, rejoice! J. N. Andrews and his son and daughter sailed from Boston over
the mighty blue ocean in 1874 to strike forth into Switzerland, the first official SDA Church-
sponsored missionary team. What a grand and glorious day that was for our church! Etc.

Response C: The Analytical Essay (Gives specific facts with both breadth and depth of meaning,
cause/effect relationships, logical connections, the Hows and Whys as well as Who, What,
Where, When)

8
 I think that SDAs were very slow to begin witnessing from 1844 to 1874 because of
certain doctrinal problems stemming from a more restricted view of the Gospel commission
required of them, ethnic biases & religious prejudices. When they did
finally reach beyond N.A., they found tents, tracts, Bible studies, ship ministry and the medical
work to be among the most effective witnessing tools.

After the Great Disappointment of October 22, 1844 (when 50,000 Millerites expected
Christ to come to this earth to fulfill Daniel 8:14), many millennialists like William Miller,
Joshua V. Himes, Charles Fitch, James & Ellen White, among others, believed that a door had
been shut in heaven against any further conversions in earth. They believed, according to this
“Shut Door” view, that Christ had entered the Most Holy Place from the Holy Place, closing the
door (veil) behind him so that anyone who had not heard the 1st and 2nd Messages of Revelation
14 (or anyone who had heard them and rejected them) could not be saved. This view logically
conditioned and restricted their sense of mission: Bates, Edson, even the Whites felt that they
need only reach out to the “scattered, torn and peeled people” (as Bates called them) who had
endured the Disappointment but still had “the Blessed Hope” (of Titus 2:13) of Christ’s soon
return. They saw their role more as that of revivalists, to encourage the “Little Flock” (as the
Sabbatarian Adventists called themselves, thus showing their exclusiveness in their name), not as
missionaries to reach out to a dying world. As late as 1851, some SDAs-to-be still held onto this
belief. Bate’s mind was changed by David Hewitt’s conversion in Battle Creek; EGW’s mind
was changed on this from several visions she had in the late 1840's. Adventists began to see that
if God wanted them to publish tracts which would go “like streams of light around the world,”
then they had to broaden their scope of mission. But during the 1840's, most were reluctant to
acknowledge a global mission field.

Most of these early Adventists, of course, were poor farmers and artisans, not trained in
foreign languages nor in sophisticated witnessing techniques. Except for the Bourdeau brothers
and M.B. Czechowsi in the 1860's, few spoke another language than English. While the
Bourdeau brothers enjoyed some success in witnessing to the French in northern N.Y. and
Canada, Czechowski, an ex-Catholic priest of Poland converted to SDAsm, provided a poor
example for SDAs to observe due to his wasting of money, his stubborn refusal to stick to one
field of labor, his neglect of his family and other problems. When he wanted to go to Europe in
1864, the Church just didn’t have the money to send him–nor did they have faith in his abilities.
So he went for the First Day Adventists while preaching SDA doctrines. But he wandered
around too much and sowed gospel seed without staying for the harvest. He died tragically in an
insane hospital in Vienna.

Lack of funds provided a real hurdle to worldwide witnessing. SDAs were deeply in debt
trying to establish a publishing work in the 1850's, administrative organization (conferences,
G.C.) In the 1860's, a health work, sanitarium and college in the 1870's to feel able to devote
their energies to global witnessing. Etc, etc.

9
 Reading List of Books

Call Number Author Title

ML3534.B33 2000 Bacchiocchi, Samuele The Christian & Rock Music

2000

BS680.W7 B32 1987 Bacchiocchi, Samuele Women in the Church 1987

BX6158.9.P73 V34 1992 Baker, Delbert Make Us One 1995

BX6158.9.F69 B25 1987 Baker, Delbert The Unknown Prophet:

William E. Foy 1987

BX6155.4.B3 Ball, Bryan W. The English Connection: The

Puritan Roots of SDA Belief
1981

BX9680.S33 B35 1994 Ball, Bryan W. The Seventh-day Men…In

England and Wales. 1600-1800 1994

BX6154.5.W65.W6 1992 Banks, Rosa T. A Woman’s Place 1992

BX6154.5.W65 B46 1990 Benton, Josephine Called by God: SDA Women

Ministers 1990

BR 128 .A16 B72 Bradford, Charles Sabbath Roots: The African

Connection 1999

W301.B72.M6 Bradford, Graeme More Than a Prophet: How We

Lost & Found Again the Real
Ellen White. 2006.

BX6155.3.B78 1994 Bruinsma, Reinder SDA Attitudes toward

Roman Catholicism, 1844-
1965 1994

BX6153.B84 1989 Bull, Malcolm & Seeking a Sanctuary: SDAsm

Lockhart, Keith & the American Dream 2007.

BL2525.B87 1990 Butler, John Awash in a Sea of Faith:

Christianizing the American
People 1990

10
KTA8940.P7.B79 Bryson, John Evil Angels: The Case of
Lindy Chamberlain 1985
HV6541.A82 N6727 1990 Chamberlain, Lindy An Autobiography 1990

F1.BX6158.9.C94.M5 Dabrowski, Rajmund Michal Belina Czechowski,

1818-1876 1979

BX6155.D35 1988 Damsteegt, P.G. Foundations of the SDA

Message & Mission 1988

BX6193.M5.D52 Dick, Everett William Miller and the

Advent Crisis 1831-1844
1994

W301 .D682 1998 Douglas, Herbert Messenger of the Lord:

Prophetic Ministry of Ellen
White 1998

W 251 .D83 1999 Dudley, Charles The Genealogy of Ellen

Gould Harmon White 1999

BX6153.5.D83 1992 Dudley, Roger L. Valuegenesis: Faith in The

Balance 1992

BR115.P7.D78 1992 Dudley, Roger & Citizens of Two Worlds

Hernandez, Edwin 1992

BX 6158.9 .S6 D87 Durand, Eugene Yours in the Blessed Hope,

Uriah Smith 1980

BX6158.9.B263.E39 Edwards, Calvin & Seeker After Light: A. F.

Gary Land Ballenger, Adventism, &
American Christianity. 2000.

BX6158.9 R52 E39 1998 Edwards, Robert H.M.S. Richards 1998

BX305.2.E45 1983 Emmerson, W.L. The Reformation and the

Advent Movement 1983

BX6153.4.C2.F67 Fortin, Denis Adventism in Quebec:Dynamics of

Rural Church Growth, 1830-1910.
2004.

BR525.R57 Gaustad, Edwin The Rise of Adventism 1974

11
W301.G72 1985 Graham, Roy E. Ellen G. White: Co-Founder
of the SDA Church 1985

LC586.S48.G74 Greenleaf, Floyd In Passion for the World: A History

of SDA Education. 2005.

BX6153.4.L29.G74 1992 Greenleaf, Floyd The SDA Church in Latin

America & the Caribbean
2 vols. (read one) 1992

BV 676 .W45 1995 Habada, Patricia & The Welcome Table: Setting
Rebecca Frost Brillhart, eds. A Place For Ordained Women 1995

(Ordered) Hackleman, Douglas Who Watches? Who Cares? Mis-

adventures in Stewardship. 2008

BX6158.9 .H367 A2 1992 Hammill, Richard L. Pilgrimage 1992

BX6115.H48 1983 Hewitt, Clyde Midnight & Morning

(Millerism, 1831-1860)
1983

[Being processed] Hook, Milton Desmond Ford: Reformist

Theologian, Gospel Revivalist 2008.

BX 6153.52 .N66 J65 1996 Johnson, Doug Adventism on the

Northwestern Frontier 1996

BX6193.H88.J66 Jones, Clifford James K. Humphrey & the Sabbath-

Day Adventists. 2006.

BX6153.96.E28.E27 Knight, George Early Adventist Educators

1983

BX6155.51.J65.K65 Knight, George From 1888 to Apostasy: The

Case of A.T. Jones 1987

BX6158.9.B3.K65 Knight, George Joseph Bates: Real Founder of

Seventh-day Adventism. 2004.

BX6115.K55 1993 Knight, George Millennial Fever and the End

of the World 1993

LC586.A3.K55 1985 Knight, George Myths in Adventism 1985

12
BX6158.9.A52 L46 Leonard, Harry, ed. J.N. Andrews, the Man and
the Mission 1985

HD6060.5.U52.C26 1985 McLeod, Merikay Betrayal 1985

W201.M66 Moon, Jerry W.C. White and Ellen G.

White 1993

BX6154.5.C5 M67 2001 Morgan, Douglas Adventism & The American

Republic 2001

BX6153.2 .M88 1998 Mustard, Andrew James White & SDA

Organization 1988

BS651.N85 1992 Numbers, Ronald The Creationists: The

Evolution of Scientific
Creationism 1992

W301.N85 Numbers, Ronald Prophetess of Health: A

Study of Ellen G. White
1976

BX6153.2.045 1981 Olson, A.V. Thirteen Crisis Years, 1888-

1901 1981

E185.97.T8 P35 1996 Painter, Nell I. Sojourner Truth 1996

BJ1251.P38 1990 Pearson, Michael Millennial Dreams & Moral

Dilemmas: SDAsm and
Contemporary Ethics 1990

BX6153.R45 Reid, George A Sound of Trumpets:

Americans, Adventists and
Health Reform 1982

W301.R39 Rea, Walter The White Lie 1982

BX6153.98.N4R48 Reynolds, Louis B. We Have Tomorrow: The

Story of American SDAs
with an African Heritage
1984

BX6158.W55R62 Robinson, Virgil James White 1976

BX6158.9.H66.R62 Rochat, Joyce Survivor (A Biography of

13
 Siegfried Horn) 1986

R154.K44.S83 1981 Schwarz, Richard John Harvey Kellogg, M.D.

1981

LD7501 .U55 S87 1993 Strayer, Brian Where the Pine Trees Softly
Whisper: The History of Union
Springs Academy 1993

BX6155.51.T2 1981 Tarling, Lowell The Edges of SDAsm: A

Study of Separatist Groups Emerging
from the SDA Church 1981
BX6158.9 .H45 T54 1998 Thiele, Margaret W. Whirlwind of the Lord
(S.M.I. Henry) 1998

BS680.W7 U52 2000 Underwood, Una J. Women in their Place: Does

God Call Women? 2000

BX6158.9 .P73 V34 1992 Valentine, Gilbert The Shaping of Adventism:

The Case of W. W. Prescott 1992

BX6115 .V36 1999 Vance, Laura Seventh-day Adventism in

Crisis: Gender & Sectarian Change
in an Emerging Religion 1999
BX6153.98 .H57 V27 2000 Vasquez, Manuel The Untold Story: 100 Years
of Hispanic Adventism 2000

BV6115 .V36 1999 Vyhmeister, Nancy, ed. Women in Ministry: Biblical

& Historical Perspectives 1998

BX6153.96.E8 W43 Weeks, Howard B. Adventist Evangelism in the

20th Century 1969

BX6158.9.W55.W44 Wheeler, Gerald James White: Innovator and Over-

comer. 2003.

BX6193.W25.W45 Whidden, Woodrow W. E. J. Waggoner: From the Physician

of Good News to Agent of Division.
2008.

W201.W54 White, Arthur Ellen G. White, 6 vols. (read any

one volume) 1982-86

**Note: Any of the books being used as textbooks in HIST404 cannot be reviewed for credit in
the course.

14
 How to Write Book Reviews

I. Reading the Book

A. What to take critical notes on
1. Write author’s full name, Book Title (Place of publication: Publisher,
date), # of pages.
2. Check JWL on-line catalog, book jacket, or reference works to find out
more about the author (name, titles, degrees earned, other books written,
special research/teaching areas, etc.)
3. Study all forewords, prefaces, introductions and note down
a. Author’s thesis, aim or point of view
b. Slant or bias if evident
c. Choice of sources or range of topic
d. What “new ground” the author examines
4. Read chapters in order and note down
a. Very brief chapter summaries (5-10 lines/chapter)
b. Biases, slant or omissions of material or wider considerations
missed
c. Quality of style: Why is it fascinating or dull? (Vivid verbs,
graphic verbals, flashy adjectives, long complex phrases or
clauses, too many complex sentences, colorful word pictures, etc.)
d. How author fulfills (or fails to fulfill) the stated purpose for book
e. Use of sources (check footnotes): All secondary? Mostly primary?
How balanced on controversial issues?
f. How author’s argument or point of view compares/contrasts with
your textbook, teacher, or your own views on the subject
g. What improvements the author and/or publisher could have made
(more pictures, graphs, maps, primary sources, stylistic quirks,
print size, binding, accuracy of proofreading, etc.)
B. Book review is written from your notes
1. Saves time re-reading the whole book to find information
2. Concentrates attention on critical, evaluative material
3. Weeds out interesting but extraneous material (excessive description,
narration, dialogue, etc.)
4. Focuses the mind for both deductive and inductive thinking: you see the
“whole picture” at once
II. Writing the Book Review
A. Review is to be partly summary (report on contents) and partly analysis (critique)
B. Must be at least five pages long
C. Must be printed on 8.5” X 11” paper using laser quality print in 10 or 12 font type
and double spaced with 1” margins on all sides

15
 D. May have a title page with name of university at top, book information in middle,
course name near bottom third, and your name and date at bottom
III. Converting Notes into a Book Review
A. Give bibliographic information, author’s thesis,a nd author’s qualifications to
write book in first paragraph (Ex.: “Gordon Prange, in At Dawn We Slept (New
York: McGraw Hill, 1981), states that the U.S. ignored many early warnings of
Japanese hostile intent before the fatal attack on the Pacific Fleet in Pearl Harbor
on December 7, 1941. The author, a WWII veteran and historian fluent in both
Japanese and English, has written several books on WWII subjects…”)
B. Briefly summarize the main ideas, arguments, new findings of the author
1. Could be one or two pages; no more than 2.5 pages of your 5-page
review
2. Should NOT be a “blow-by-blow” detailed description of each chapter
(as in “This chapter is about…then the next chapter states…etc.”)
3. Should devote a short paragraph to each major idea advanced, with the
author’s rational, logical, or bibliographical support
4. Should be concise, crisp, correct—don’t wander, waffle or warp the
author’s point of view
a. “The author asserts that…”
b. “In stating this view, the author cites…as support”
c. “While perhaps correct here, the author overlooks or ignores…”
C. Maximize your analysis or critique
1. this part reveals your depth of thought, breadth of understanding, and
clarity of your analytical powers
2. Be quite specific in analyzing
a. Whether the author is qualified to write the book and why
b. If the author’s thesis is upheld by adequate evidence and sources
c. Types of bias—religious, political, class, racial, etc.; give
examples
d. Attempts at “whitewashing,” covering up, or ignoring issues or
evidence contrary to his/her thesis
e. Sources used: recent or outdated? Archival or published? Primary
or secondary? Biased in some way?
f. Graduate students should include a paragraph on historiography:
how this book and thesis compares with other books in the field, its
interpretations, revisions, new sources, etc.
g. Style: why it is interesting or dull
D. Conclude review with pithy summary
1. Briefly highlight the most desirable features of the book that would
make you recommend it to another reader (and who is the target
audience for this book?)
2. Briefly state omissions or shortcomings of the book which might make a
further monograph desirable
IV. Printing the Review
A. First, read and correct all errors in the rough draft copy

16
 1. Let the manuscript “cool” a day or so, then re-read and polish it
2. Read final (fourth?) draft aloud to catch awkward prose
a. You are responsible for all errors in the final copy
b. Excessive misspellings, grammar errors, punctuation problems will
lower your grade
c. Re-read final review copy before submitting it; if you find any
errors, pencil in corrections neatly
B. Submit review on time!
1. You may choose to insert it in a plastic jacket or simple staple it together
2. Note whether the review is to be brought to class or to professor’s office
3. Never submit a review late—but if you do, be willing cheerfully to
accept whatever penalty accompanies procrastination
4. Problems with your printer do not excuse late submissions, but usually
indicate procrastination. Plan a day ahead and use a reliable PC and
printer.

17
 Sample Book Review

In Seeking a Sanctuary: Seventh-day Adventism and the American Dream (NY: Harper &
Row, 1989), Malcolm Bull and Keith Lockhart state: “Seventh-day Adventism is one of the most
subtly differentiated, systematically developed and institutionally successful of all alternatives to
the American way of life” (ix); yet its ambiguous identity—not a Jehovah’s Witness sect yet not
a mainstream Protestant church—explains why Americans have “unjustly ignored” Adventists.
Malcolm Bull, junior research fellow at Oxford University, and Keith Lockhart, a
London journalist, demonstrate how Adventism, rejecting the “American dream” of democratic
materialism and progress, established a parallel “sanctuary from America,” replicating in its
theology and intellectual life, its social codes and administrative hierarchy, an Adventist
subculture.
The authors adroitly highlight this theme of ambiguity through Adventism’s substitutes
for America’s “civil religion” and mainstream Protestantism (Part I); social structures, politics,
health programs, art and music (Part II); and the conflicts in its relations with women, Blacks,
ministers, doctors, and educators (Part III).
Bull and Lockhart’s interdisciplinary approach, scholarly methodology, yet engaging
style will appeal to a wide audience, both lay and academic. Their exhaustive research at several
Adventist college and university libraries and archives and the dozens of interviews with
Adventist leaders, hospital administrators and lay persons have produced a significant
monograph with impressive footnotes (35 pages) and a short but respectable bibliographic essay
(pp. 307-311). Their unique interpretive framework and scholarly style causes one to over look
occasional Britishisms (honour, mould, in hospital, American revolution), stylistic errors
(Sabbath School, masters of Divinity, watch looked, “ad” for “and”) and uncommon word
combinations (anti-intellectual, everimproving, everenlarging) which slipped past the proof-
readers.
Seeking a Sanctuary offers many insightful gems even for the seasoned Adventist
scholar: Gallup Polls, newspaper and popular novels’ revelations about Adventists’ confused
public image; why James White opposed establishing Adventist churches in Seventh Day Baptist
territory; why British Adventists defend Sunday Blue Laws today; how spiritualism, pantheism,
and the Holy Flesh movement are inter-related; and one of the finest analyses of the General
Conference structure and its functions. Bull and Lockhart also present illuminating new
evidence as to why Adventists proselytize successfully among some groups and fail among
others; how early health views were based on natural laws and not the Bible; and how
Adventism, rooted in time, differs from Mormonism, rooted in space. Some readers, however,
will be shocked to learn of their church’s past Jim Crow codes at schools and hospitals,
especially the Ragland affair at EMC in 1905 and the 1960s Alabama incident in which whites
pulled guns on Blacks at an Adventist church.
While Seeking a Sanctuary offers valuable insights into Black-White conflicts, however,
it fails to give equal attention to Hispanics, Asians, and Native Americans, many of whom have
experienced real tensions within Adventism. Also, despite its excellent coverage of orthodox
Adventism, the book ignores any lessons to be learned from the various dissident groups and

18
individuals (as Lowell Tarling shows in The Edges of Adventism). Moreover, the book overlooks
other significant ways in which Adventism replicates American programs: Sabbath schools,
Vacation Bible schools, Breathe Free, cooking schools, and Pathfinders, to mention a few.
Conservative readers will raise eyebrows at some of the terminology (Ellen White a
mystic, General Conference leaders as bureaucrats, Adventist ads using women as “bait,” and
Ellen White merely parroting Canright’s racial attitudes), but liberal Adventists will welcome the
insightful explication of early Adventist practices: the holy kiss, hugging, footwashing, doctrines
like the Shut Door from 1844 to 1854), and especially their sociological model model in chapter
10 (the “Revolving Door”). While some will quibble over whether Froom is Adventism’s
greatest apologetic historian, if Ellen White’s influence became diluted as her publications grew,
and whether Hiram Edson really had a vision or just an insight, scholars will find very few
factual errors in this book. Two wroth mentioning are that will R. Kellogg, never a baptized
SDA (p. 181), could not “remove” his cereal business from the church, and Sarah A. H. Lindsey
in 1872, not Ellen Lane in 1878, may have been Adventism’s first woman preacher with a
ministerial license (p. 182).
Bull and Lockhart’s Seeking a Sanctuary, following in the tradition of critical,
unapologetic scholarship pioneered by Ron Numbers in Ellen G. White: Prophetess of Health
(1974), is a significant book deserving a broad audience to help Adventists see themselves as
others see them.

19
 Sample Film Review

“The Midnight Cry,” narrated by Cliff Robertson, is an excellent portrayal of the

religious movement that was happening in the US during the mid-1800s. The film begins by
showing Matt. 25:6 with a hymn being sung in the background. I really liked this beginning
because it presented a biblical focus. It was simple but in its own way, it set the tone for the
entire film.
The producers of this film chose a captivating mix of narrators. The most prominent,
Cliff Robertson, did an exceptional job in the readings and details of the movie. I liked listening
to his voice throughout the film. Also included were other narrators who read letters from
important people such as William Lloyd Garrison and Horace Greeley of the New York Tribune.
These readers made the film more appealing through their animated voices and accents.
The film interwove beautiful scenery, drawings of people and places, interviews with
three Bible scholars, and readings of original documents. I liked the readings of the documents
best because a lot of them were letters from Miller and newspaper writers of the time. This gave
a very good contrast between what Miller was preaching and how the world reacted to his
message.
The film explored what the world was feeling and thinking as well as the beliefs of the
Millerites. I believe this is important in a film because it gives a larger context for the shaping of
Miller’s beliefs and his message in the world around him. The film showed both the popular
newspapers of that day and letters and articles from other individuals who weren’t a part of the
Millerite movement. For instance, most of the world during this time believed that something
big was going to happen in the new millennium such as a thousand years of peace and plenty.
The difference in Miller’s belief was not so much that he believed that the millennium would
come, but what he believed would happen when it did come. He believed in Jesus’ Second
Coming and the cleansing of the world through fire.
The film made Miller appear very likeable. He seemed humble and kind. I thought that
the producers did an excellent job of portraying him by an in-depth examination of his life. The
entire film was full of details. Letters Miller wrote to his wife Lucy and details about the War of
1812 made the story line very informative and interesting for this viewer. I thought that these
details really added to the film because it gave a better perspective of who Miller was, where he
came from, and what he was like. For instance, the film mentioned that Miller had sons.
Although I could have assumed this, I didn’t know it before. It made me wonder though, Why
didn’t Miller get his family more involved in his ministry? But more critically, why were details
of Miller’s life included if they had nothing to do with the focus of the film? Why were family
details important and could they have been successfully left out?
The film stated that Joshua Himes was an enthusiast and an ultraist. I wondered as I
watched this, Is it possible that he was excited about the Millerite movement for the mere fact
that it was a new movement that hadn’t taken off yet? Light Bearers mentions that Himes never
became an SDA. He was definitely useful to the Millerite movement, however, and helped to
spread the message worldwide.

20
 The use of statistics in the film gave a more accurate picture of the extent of the Advent
movement. The narrator stated that by 1844, one in seventeen Americans (500,000) believed
that Jesus was coming that year. If this is true, this is an amazing percentage of people who
believed that Jesus was coming soon. I also gained a better understanding of the Great
Disappointment. When Jesus didn’t appear as expected, the disappointment was not only great,
but was felt by a vast number of people.
Overall, I think the film was well done using a variety of avenues to approach the viewer.
I think the film could be stronger if the details were compacted into a shorter amount of time.
The attention of this viewer got lost during the length of the film. The strengths of the film
definitely outweigh the weaknesses and I would recommend it to anyone desiring to learn more
about the Midnight Cry and the Advent Movement.

Components to include in your film critique:

1. Full identification of the film (title, producer, length, year)
2. Whether you liked the film or not—and why
3. Sources and persons used in the film to make it authentic
4. Your critical analysis of the film’s content, biases, sources, music, camera techniques
5. Highlight the details that caught your attention—and why
6. Raise some questions that the film does—or does not—answer
7. Make critical comments at the end, including suggestions for improving the film
8. Suggest the proper audience for this film

21
 Spectrum Article Review

The article “Scandal or Rite of Passage? Historians on the Dammon Trial,” was more
about the role that Ellen White played in the Dammon situation than the trial itself. Much to my
surprise, the article never really explored the situations or effects of the trial. The article looked
at the fanatical activities that Ellen White took part in and discussed whether they were a rite of
passage for the Advent Movement.
The Dammon trial, in brief, originated from a religious meeting that was accused of
disturbing the peace. Israel Dammon, who was responsible for the meeting, allowed radical
emotionalism to become rambunctious. He was found guilty, but in an acquittal, was released
and the charges against him were dropped. Ellen White, then Ellen Harmon, was present during
some of these fanatical gatherings. Her involvement in these meetings raises questions of her
authenticity and honesty. These questions are discussed in this article.
The format of this article is different. Four historians discuss the issues on a first name
basis. The Dammon case was never explained, just discussed. It took a lot of interpretive
reading to decipher the story. The article looks more like a script than a scholarly chapter.
I felt that one of the most profound finds of these historians was that Ellen White was
involved in questionable radical religious actions early in her life. In Portland, Maine, about this
time, historians have found a handful of other people who claimed to have had visions.
Ellen was involved in church services where crawling, kissing, and bumping was
common practice. Trances were also common among these people. There were also accusations
that women were taken in to back rooms to do immoral things with the pastors. These claims
were never proved, however. All of these actions could be simply explained from the Bible.
Because so many of these actions could be explained from the scriptures, some historians
speculate that the problem was that these people were obsessed with a kind of biblical literalism.
Others wonder if they were just overtaken by a kind of spiritual ecstasy. I tend to believe that
these people were sincere, but overly emotional.
Many of the people of this time seemed to be overwhelmed by an emotional fanaticism. I
wonder if when this involvement by Ellen was publicized, the Adventist church became stressed
about their prophet. Ron Graybill, a historian formerly employed by the White Estate, claims
that they later published literature denying Ellen’s involvement in these fanatical experiences.
One of the largest issues of Ellen White’s trances or visions at this time was the positions
that she has them in. The accepted position for visions was to stand up and look into the air. In
these earliest instances, however, Ellen laid on the ground prostrate and shook. This gives many
Adventists very uneasy feelings, but I can accept it as being a part of Ellen’s growth process.
The historians brought out the concept of God providing experiences that reflected what
happens in the current environment. With this point of view, as society became more level
headed, Ellen did also. Ellen seemed to play the role she needed to play at the time that role was
appropriate. I have no problem with this point of view because I believe that God can reveal
Himself in whatever way He wants to and in a way that will be most effective to the society.

22
 The historians looked at the concept of fanaticism. Fanaticism was condemned by Ellen
White in her later years. The question is whether Ellen participated in activities that she would
later define as extreme. The answer to this might be disheartening to many loyal Adventists.
I believe that Ellen was guilty of participating in some activities that she would later
consider radical. This is because Ellen’s experience changed along with that of the people
around her. This does not seem as questionable when she is seen as a real person. Ellen must
have grown in her religious experience just as all of us do. The article concluded that Ellen
White had to go through the fanatical period before she could have matured spiritually. This
period of maturation was in a way a rite of passage for Ellen and the church. I have just as much
respect for Ellen White as I did before reading the article. Of course, I have always tried to view
her as a real person with hangups and difficulties.

Components to include in your article review:

1. Full publishing information on the article (author, title, date, issue/volume number cited).
2. Identify the topic under discussion.
3. Give important background details, but be succinct and brief in doing so.
4. Discuss the article’s format and methodology, giving its strengths and weaknesses.
5. What “surprises” (new facts, new interpretations, new sources) did the author(s) present?
6. Analyze and critique, don’t summarize, narrate, or describe at length the content.
7. Give your personal views, but also tell why you hold them.
8. Close with a brief summary that highlights your key conclusions about the article.

23
 Spectrum Journal Articles

Date/Volume # Author(s) Article Title

Winter 1969 Godfrey T. Anderson Christian Scholars & the Church

Has Man Created Life?
Whither Adventist Higher
Education?

Spring 1969 Jack W. Provonsha An Ethic of Responsibility

Richard M. Ritland The Nature of the Fossil Record
of the Rocks of Eastern Oregon
Richard W. Schwarz John Harvey Kellogg: Adventism=s
Social Advocate

Summer 1969 Richard Hammill Church Does Need a Law School

Earle Hilgert Theological Dimensions of the
Christian Doctrine of Creation
Alvin L. Kwiram Occupation of University Hall
Donald E. Hall On Being a Seventh-day Scientist
Wilfred M. Hillcock Tuition Rates in SDA Colleges
M. Jerry Davis Puritans and the Sabbath

Autumn 1969 Harold D. Weiss The Theological Task

John A. Hutchinson Three Meanings of Faith
Reo M. Christenson A Layman and the New Theology
Kirk K. Koopmans In the Hollow of His Hand

Winter 1970 Jonathan Butler E. G. White and the Chicago Mission

Richard Rice Adventists and Welfare Work: A
Comparative Study

Summer 1970 Gary M. Ross Christian Aspects of Diplomacy

Fredrick M. Hoyt The Dehumanizing Effects of War

Autumn 1970 Cosmas Rubencamp SDAs & the Ecumenical Movement

Raoul Dederen The Adventist Response to ASDA=s
and the Ecumenical Movement@
Fredrick E. Harder Divine Revelation: A Review of
Some of Ellen White=s Concepts

24
 William S. Peterson Textual & Historical Study of Ellen
White=s Account of the French
Revolution

Winter 1970 Harold W. Clark Traditional Adventist Creationism

Robert H. Brown The Age of Meteorites
Ross O. Barnes Time and Earth=s History
Richard C. Larson & The Educators of Adventist
Wilfred M. Hillcock Administrators

Spring 1971 Harold F. Ziprick Abortion in Our Changing World

Betty J. Sterling A Sociologist Looks at Abortion
Maureen Maxwell &
Clarice Woodward The Nurse and Abortion
Harrison S. Evans The Psychiatrist and Abortion
Jack W. Provonsha An Appraisal of Therapeutic Abor-
tion: View of a Christian

Summer 1971 Gottfried Oosterwal Mission Is the Key

William P. Dysinger Modern Medical Missions
Danieri D. Nsereko Mission in Africa
Authur L. Peterson Adventists= Evangelism Ethics

Autumn 1971 Ervil D. Clark Man=s Responsiblity for His

Environment
Jan W. Kuzma Our Population Predicament

Winter 1971 Brenda J. Butka Women=s Liberation

Donald E. Hall The 23-Horn Day
John W. Wood The Bible and the French Revolution
William S. Peterson Ellen White=s Literary Indebtedness

Winter 1972 Craig S. Willis Ministry on the Secular Campus

Fritz Guy Contemporary Adventism and the
Crisis of Belief
Edward Heppenstall Academic Freedom and the Quest
for Truth

Spring 1972 Authur L. White Ellen G. White the Person

Lawrence Geraty Heshbon: A Case of Biblical
Confirmation or Confutation
Harold D. Weiss Are Adventists Protestants?

Summer 1972 V. Norskov Olsen Theological Aspects of the Seventh

Day Sabbath

25
 Wilfred M. Hillcock Need for Organizational Change in
the Adventist Church
Catherine Lyone An Exquisitely Personal
Relationship

Ronald Graybill How Did E.G. White Choose and

Use Historical Sources?

Autumn 1972 Albert H. Friedlander Humanity and Apocalypse:

Confronting the Holocaust
Richard W. Schwarz The Kellogg Schism
Louis Vendon The GospelB Good News or Bad?

Winter 1973 Raymond F. Cottrell The Eschaton: A Seventh-day

Adventist Perspective of the Second
Coming
Derek I. Prime The Second Coming of Our Lord
Jesus Christ
Gary G. Land The Literary Image of SDAs

Spring 1973 Richard Rice The Knowledge of Faith

James J. Londis AThe Knowlege of Faith@: A
Response

Summer 1973 Donald J. Ortner Science and Religon: Problems in

Dialogue
Raymond F. Cottrell Science and Religon

Autumn 1973 William M. Landeen Martin Luther and Moses

Carl G. Turland You Shall Not Kill
Edwin R. Thiele Problems in Chronology and Their
Solutions

1974

Vol. 6, Nos. 1-2 James Spangenberg The Ordination of Women: Insights

of a Social Scientist
Roland Churchman That Wedding Ring
Eric D. Syme The Gift of Reason and the Aid of
Revelation

Vol. 6, Nos. 3-4 P. Edward Hare The Age of the Earth: How It
Changed From Thousands to Billions
of Years
Authur J. Peterson The Doctrine of Creation

26
 Carl G. Tuland Six Thousand Years
1975

Vol. 7, No. 1 Gary G. Land Where Did Adventist Organizational

Structure Come From?
Bryan Wilson Sect or Denomination: Can
Adventism Maintain Its Identity?

Vol. 7, No. 2 Gerhard Hasel Equality from the Start: Women in

the Creation Story
Sakae Kubo The Bible and the Ordination of
Women
Robert J. Moore A Bibliographical Essay

Vol. 7, No. 3 S.J. Lee, David Lin, China and Vietnam;

Bruce Branson & Mission and Revolution
Gottfried Oosterwal (pp. 13-45)

Vol. 7, No. 4 Ottilie Stafford The Holiness of Beauty or Why

Imagination Matters
Richard Rice Does God Make Sense Today?

Vol. 8, No. 1 Richard Doffen John=s Apocalypse: Some Second

Thoughts of Interpretation
Jonathon Butler When Prophecy Fails: The Validity
of Apocalypticism

Vol. 8, No. 2 Malcolm Russell & The Church and the War in Lebanon
Anees Haddad

Vol. 8, No. 3 Jack M. Patt Living in a Time of Trouble: German

Adventists Under Nazi Rule
Erwin Sicher SDA Publications and the Nazi
Temptation
Tom Dybdahl Mesan Interview with an Adventist
Pastor from Russia
Kenneth Walters The Limits to Religion=s Freedom in
America

Vol. 8, No. 4 Donald McAdams Pacific Press Versus Review and

Herald: The Rise of Territorial
Monopolies
1977-1979

27
Vol. 9, No. 1 Raymond Cottrell Seventh Day Baptists and
Adventists: A Common Heritage
Neils-Erik Andreasen Jubilee of Freedom and Equality

Vol. 9, No. 2 Douglas Welebir What is Ceasar=s: The Church and

Civil Responsiblity
John Van Horne Why Did the Church Lawyers Use
Hierarchy Language?

Vol. 9, No. 3 Benjamin Reeves The Call for Black Unions

Calvin B. Rock Cultural Pluralism and Black Unions
Lorenzo Grant Ethical Implications of the Quest for
Black Power

Vol. 9, No. 4 Ronald C. Numbers Sciences of Satanic Origin: The

Adventist Attitude Towards
Evolutionary Biology and Geology

Vol. 10, No. 1 Ross C. Barnes Biblical Creationism: After a

Century of Scientific Investigation
Marvin Moore Divorce, Remarriage, and Church
Discipline
Molleurus Couperus The Use of the Spirit of Prophecy in
Our Teaching of Bible History

Vol. 10, No. 2 Jonathon Butler The World of E.G. White and the
End of the World

Vol. 10, No. 3 Benjamin McArthur Where are Historians Taking the
Church?
Siegfried Horn Can the Bible Establish the Age of
the Earth?

Vol. 10, No. 4 Molleurus Couperus Tensions Between Religon and

Science
Gary G. Land From Apologetic to History: The
Professionalization of Adventist
Historians
1980-1982

Vol. 11, No. 1 Tom Dybdahl Court Verdict on Pacific Press Case
George Masters Sanctuary Symbolism in the Book of
Hebrews

Vol. 11, No. 2 Adrian Zytkoskee Interview with Desmond Ford

28
 (Andrews Scholars) Dismissal: Reaction and Response

Vol. 11, No. 3 Donald Casebolt Ellen White, the Waldensees and
Historical Interpretation
-------------------- Must the Crisis Continue?

Vol. 11, No. 4 Dennis Porter Crisis in the British Union

Jean Picart The British Union: Some Comments
on the Issues

Vol. 12, No. 1 Fritz Guy Adventist Theology Today

Kent D. Seltman Christian Brotherhood: The
Foundation of the Church
Jack W. Provonsha The Church as a Prophetic Minority

Vol. 12, No. 2 Gerald Winslow Adventists and Abortion: A Principal

Approach

Vol. 12, No. 3 Elvin Benton Adventists Face Homosexuality

Elvin Benton Growing Up Gay Adventists
Colin D. Cook Church Funds Program for
Homosexuals

Vol. 12, No. 4 Donald Casebolt Is Ellen White=s Interpretation of the

Biblical Prophecy Final?
Bert Holoviak & Conflict: Context of the 1919 Bible
Gary G. Land Conference

Vol. 13, No. 2 Kent Seltman Adventist Colleges Under Siege

Glenn E. Coe The Future of Adventism: A
Lawyer=s Perspective

Vol. 14, No. 1 Fritz Guy Good News from the Heavenly
SanctuaryBGod=s Continuing
Initiative
1983

Vol. 14, No. 2 Ron Williams Walden Must Christians Oppose Nuclear
Weapons?
Eric Anderson The Bishops and Peace
Tom Dybdahl In God We Trust

Vol. 14, No. 3 Timothy L. Smith Four Great Ideas in Adventism

Charles Scriven Radical Discipleship and the
Renewal of Adventist Mission

29
 Roy Branson Covenant, Holy War, and Glory:
Motifs in Adventist Identity
1984

Vol. 14, No. 4 Bonnie L. Casey Graybill=s Exit: Turning Point at the
White Estate?
Roy Branson Home to Granada: A Seminary
Professor on His Role in the New
Government
---------------- A Call for an Open Church
---------------- Defining Participation: A Model
Conference Consititution
Raymond F. Cottrell The Varieties of Church Structure

Vol. 15, No. 1 Albert Mazat Adventists and Sex: A Therapist=s

Perspective
David R. Larson Sexuality and Christian Ethics
Roy G. Graveson A Physician Reviews Adventist
Sexual Advice Books
James Coffin Adventists in the Military: Some
Second Thoughts

Vol. 15, No. 2 Roy Branson A Church of, By and For the People
Judith P. Nembhard Women Pastors Begin Baptizing
Lowell Tarling Who Killed Azaria? Adventists on
Trial in Australia (Part I)
Edward Lugenbeal The Conservative Restoration of
Geoscience
Richard Hammill Fifty Years of Creationism: The
Story of An Insider
F.E.J. Harder Beyond Arithmetic: The Truth of
Creation
Roy Benton Odyssey of An Adventist Scientist

Vol. 15, No. 3 Ronald Geraty Cuba: Testimony of a Prisoner of

Conscience
Caleb Rosado Castro and the Churches
Eric Anderson El Salvador: A High Risk Mission
for Political Reform
Leland Yialelis Greece: The Gospel to Macedonia
and Beyond
Lowell Tarling Who Killed Azaria? (Part III)

Vol. 15, No. 4 Terrie Aamodt Laity Transform North Pacific

Constitution

30
 Bonnie Dwyer Right Turn on the Road to the
General Conference
Nancy Vyhmeister Women of Mission
Kermit Netteburg When God Called
James Londis God As WomanBBlasphemy or
Blessing?
1985

Vol. 16, No. 1 Bruce Branson Baby Fae: Loma Linda Says Yes:
Anatomy of a Decision
Ed Christian Eyewitness in Beijing: The Re-
Emergence of Adventism

Vol. 16, No. 2 William Moon Hitchhiking for Yahweh

Reo Christensen Journey to the Church: A Professor=s
Story
Lorna Tobler The Church as a Fellowship of
Equals
Debra Nelson Commission Postpones Discussion
on Ordination of Women
W.W. Hughes Shifts in Adventist Creationism

Vol. 16, No. 3 Donald R. McAdams The Scope of Ellen White=s

Authority
Harold Weiss Formative Authority, Yes;
Canonization, No
Arthur White In Defense of Complications
Jean Zurcher A Vindication of Ellen White as an
Historian
Raymond F. Cottrell The Untold Story of the Bible
Commentary
Bert Haloviak The Adventist Heritage Calls for
Ordination of Women

Vol. 16, No. 4 Roy Branson The Church of the South Emerges at
New Orleans
Bonnie Dwyer City on a Hill: The Pathfinders in
Colorado
Karen Bottomley Pilgrimage in the Rockies: The AAF
Geology Tour
Donald R. McAdams Free College Boards: Toward a
Pluralism of Excellence
Malcolm Russell Break Up the College Cartel
Richard C. Osborne Adventist Academies in Crisis

31
Vol. 16, No. 5 Sarah Oates Smoking Out the Tobacco
Companies
Susan Okie Tobacco Ads Snuff Out Anti-
smoking Articles
Matthew L. Myers Fighting the Good Fight: The
Citizens= Campaign against Tobacco
Berry L. Casey 1985 Annual Council: Female
Pastors Are Not as Equal as Others
Josephine Benton God Called a Woman

Vol. 17, No. 1 Charles Scriven The Real Truth About the Remnant
Mitchell A. Tyner Can Adventists Continue to
Discriminate in Hiring?
Priscilla & James Child Abuse in Adventism
Walters
Brian E. Strayer Adventist TithepayingBthe Untold
Story

Vol. 17, No. 2 Roy Branson Bleeding SilentlyBAdventists in

South Africa
Stella Greig Women Elders: The Education of
Pioneer Memorial Church
Bryan Bell The Ordination of Women: A Plea
for Caution
John Brunt Adventists Against Ordination: A
Critical Review
1987

Vol. 17, No. 3 George T. Harding Adventists and PsychiatryBA Short

History of the Beginnings
Alan Nelson & Should Adventist Psychiatrists Urge
Bruce Anderson Their Patients to Become Christians?
Yes & No
Will Stuivenga The New Church Hymnal: Hosanna
in the Highest

Vol. 17, No. 4 D.D.N. Nsereko Adventist Revolutionary Leads

Uganda
Rennie B. Schoepflin Consolidation and Controversy: La
Sierra to Loma Linda
Norman Miles The Struggle in the Lake Region
Conference
Lorna Tobler Where Has the Proctor Case Taken
Us?

32
Vol. 17, No. 5 Terrie D. Aamodt, et al. The Harris Pine Bankruptcy: Too
Much, Too Soon?
Frederick Hoyt, ed. Trial of Elder I. Dammon Reported
for the Piscataquis Farmer
Rennie Schoepflin, ed. Scandal or Rite of Passage?
Historians on the Dammon Trial
Frederick Hoyt We Lifted Up Our Voices Like a
Trumpet:Millerites in Portland, ME
Tim Poirier Black Forerunner to Ellen White:
William E. Foy

1988

Vol. 18, No. 1, Fritz Guy For Adventists: An Imperative to Do

Something
Gary Land The SDA Theological Seminary:
Heading Toward Isolation?
Glen Greenwalt A Priesthood of BelieversBNeither
Republic Nor Hierarchy

Vol. 18, No. 2 Ashley James Notes From the Diary of an Abused
Wife
Wanda Bryant Love and the Colorblind
Robert W. Gardner & Welcoming Back the Divorced and
Gerald R. Winslow Remarried
Tim Smith The Fire This Time: Enrollment
Drops Threaten North American
Academies and Colleges

Vol. 18, No. 3 James J. Londis Waiting for Messiah: The Absence
and Presence of God in Adventism
Malcolm Bull The Medicalization of Adventism
Charles Scriven When the Jailhouse Rocks
Roy Branson Trumpet Blasts and Hosannas: A
Once and Future Adventism
Benjamin McArthur A New Look at the Old Days:
Adventist History Comes of Age

Vol. 18, No. 4 Bonnie Dwyer Lawsuits and Scandals: Adventist

Homosexuals Not So Anonymous
Anymore
David Larson The Moral Danger of Miracles
A Symposium Do Adventist Colleges Have a
Future?

33
Vol. 18, No. 5 Norman H. Young Adventism in the Antipodes
Milton R. Hook The Making of a President; Ellen G.
White & A.G. Daniells in Australia
Peter H. Ballis Early Adventists Plunged into New
Zealand Politics

1989

Vol. 19, No. 1 Gary Chartier Epic Fantasy & Christian Theology
Bonnie Dwyer, et al. Watching the Bouncing Ball:
Interscholastic Sports on Adventist
Campuses (& Sideline Debate)
Harold Weiss The Sabbath in Matthew, Mark and
Luke
James J.C. Cox Baptism, the Lord=s Supper and the
Sabbath

Vol. 19, No.2 W. Clark Davis Loma Linda=s Beam of Hope

Bonnie Dwyer The Media Center: Getting Ready
for Prime Time?
Ludmilla Alexeyeva Human Rights and the True and Free
Adventists

Vol. 19, No. 3 Media Composite Michael, Lindy, and

AdventistsBExonerated
Lenore Johnson Sexual Attitudes on SDA Campuses,
Circa 1978
Roger L. Dudley & Adventist Standards: The Hinge of
Janet Kangas Youth Retention

Vol. 19, No. 4 Teresa Beem, et al. The Hardest of the AHard Cases@:
Rape and Saving the Life of the
Mother
John C. Brunt Adventists, Abortion, and the Bible
Timothy Crosby Abortion: Some Questionable
Arguments
Richard Fredricks A Biblical Response to Abortion
George Gainer AThe Wisdom of Solomon?@ The
General Conference Abortion
Statements of 1970-1971

Vol. 19, No. 5 Beatrice Neall A Theology of Woman

Bert Haloviak Ellen White Endorsed Adventist
Women Ministers

34
Vol. 20, No. 1 Malcolm Bull & The Art of Expression
Keith Lockhart
Glen Greenwalt The Gospel According to Seventh-
day Adventists Believe
Delmer A. Johnson By the Campfire: Red Giants, White
Dwarfs, Black HolesBand God
Fritz Guy Negotiating the Creation-Evolution
Wars
Donna Evans How Do Adventist Students Think
About Creation and Evolution?

Vol. 20, No. 2 J.J. Nortey Independent African ChurchesBAre

They Genuinely Christian?
Gary Land Adventists in Plain Dress
Madelyn Haldeman Adorning the Temple of God

Vol. 20, No. 3 Patricia Wismer Parameters of a Progressive Faith

Richard Rice Believing, Behaving, Belonging--
Exploring a Larger View of Faith
Richard Schwarz Kellogg vs. the Brethren: His Last
Interview as an Adventist (1907)

Vol. 20, No. 4 Zebronn Ncrube African Adventism=s Quest for Self-
Reliance
Andrezj Zeromski AIDS, Africa, and the Adventist
Church
Richard Schwarz Kellogg Snaps, Crackles, and Pops;
His Last Interivew as an AdventistB2

Vol. 20, No. 5 Ronald Graybill The Making of a General Conference

President, 1990
Charles Scriven The Debate About Women: What
Happened? Why?

1991

Vol. 21, No. 1 Charles Teel Radical Roots of Peruvian

Adventism

Vol. 21, No. 2 Eric C. Webster South African Churches Call

Apartheid Sin
Monte Sahlin Who Are North American
Adventists?
James Hayward Adventist Creationism: Facing the
Nonpeaceable Kingdom

35
Vol. 21, No. 3 Beatrice Neall The Apocalypse of John: A Presence
of Our Future
Barry L. Casey The City in Modern Apocalyptic
Roy Branson Sacrament of the Second Advent

Vol. 21, No. 4 Roy Branson The President and Anonymous

Donors
David Larson God and the Adoption of Sperm and
Ova
James Walters Ellen White in a New Key
Jerry Gladson Convert to Scholar: An Odyssey in
Humility

1992

Vol. 22, No. 1 Daisy Stanley Good News Bursting Forth (Des
Ford)
Roy Branson Two Years After the Revolution:
Germany and Czechoslovakia
Misha Glenny The Massacre of Yugoslavia

Vol. 22, No. 2 Gail Rice Have You Hugged Your Kids
Today?
Steve Daily Where=s Papa? What=s Masculinity?
Monte Sahlin Large SDA Churches: Adventism=s
Silent Majority
Ernest Bursey & The Big Deal About Pork & Jewelry
Greg Schneider

Vol. 22, No. 4 Gary Gilbert In Search of Genesis and the

Pseudogene
Hugh Dunton Prophets in Parallel: Mohammed and
Ellen White

1993

Vol. 23, No. 1 Jerry Gladson Job=s Passion for God=s Presence
William Claiborne & The Making of David Koresh
Jim McGee

Vol. 23, No. 3 Roger L. Dudley & Do Adventist Voters Lean Left or
Edwin I. Hernandez Right?
Iris Yob God=s Feminine Roles

36
 Charles Scriven God=s Justice, Yes; Penal
Substitution, No
1994

Vol. 23, No. 4 Gilbert Burnham AIDS Hits Africa:Where Are SDAs?
Harold Weiss Adventism as Both/And, Not
Either/Or
John Berecz HypnosisBYes; SDAs Should Use It

37
 Jack Provonsha HypnosisBNo; It May Be A
Sin
Vol. 23, No. 5 Sheryll Prinz-McMillan Feminists, Ecology, and the
Sabbath
Caleb Rosado Multicultural Ministry
Henry Felder Race Matters: In and Out of
the Church

Vol. 24, No. 2 Ronald J. Hill Why King Was Not an

Adventist
Gary Scharnhorst 1844 in Great American
Literature
Glen Greenwalt The SanctuaryBGod in Our
Midst

1995

Vol. 24, No. 4 Kathleen M. Joyce Illness as a Refuge and

Strength (EGW=s use of her
illness as spiritual resource)
James Londis Remnant in Crisis and a
Second Disappointment
Ronald Lawson Why NO to Women But YES
to Killing?

Vol. 25, No. 1 Chuck Scriven, World Votes No to Women=s

Bryan Zervos & Ordination; A Sacred
Moment at
Miscellaneous Sligo
Documents (composite)

Vol. 25, No. 2 Caleb Rosado How Culture Affects Our

View of
Lourdes Scripture
MoralesBGudmundsson Machismo, Marianismo, and
the
& Caleb Rosado SDA Church
Edwin I. Hernandez The Browning of American
Adventism
Skye Bartlett, et al. From Sligo to La Sierra (8
short pieces)
1996

Vol. 25, No. 3 John Berecz Uncle Arthur=s God or

Probability?

38
 James L. Hayward The Many Faces of Adventist
Creationism: 1980-1995
Krista Thompson Smith Adventists and Biological
Warfare

Vol. 25, No. 5 Roland Blaich Nazi Race Hygiene & the
Adventists
A. Gregory Schneider The Methodist Connection to
Adventism
David Larson Wesley Keeps Dad and Me
Talking
Woodrow Wilson Ellen White and John Wesley

1997
Vol. 26, No. 1 Frank Knittel & Merge 14 North American
Colleges
Lawrence Geraty Into Two? Yes--& No!
Charles Scriven The Unembarrassed
Adventist

Vol. 26, No. 3 Terrie Aamodt Walla Walla Witch Hunt of

1938
Charles Scriven Embracing the SpiritB(Plus)
w/ Samuel Koranteng-Pipim In the Spirit of Truth: Pipim
Responds

1998
Vol. 26, No. 4 C. Torben Thomsen Saving the Church=s Pension
Plan
Michael Stepniak The Case for an SDA Prep
School
Sandra NehlsenBCannarella The Immunology of Humor

Vol. 26, No. 5 Ronald L. Lawson Adventists and America=s

Courts
L. Jill Lamberton Do Not Press Me to Leave
You
Jean Sheldon The Concubine and the Cross
Mary Getui Zelophehad=s Daughters in
Kenya

1999

Vol. 27, No. 1 Glen Greenwalt Stars, Texts and Emerging

Shapes of Biblical Renewal
John C. Brunt The Bible and the Church

39
 Alden Thompson Review of Messenger of the
Lord

Vol. 27, No. 2 Lawrence T. Geraty Siegfried H. Horn: A Voice

From the Dust Heaps
Richard Rice The Scientist as Believer
Team Report The Tragedy of Kanaka
Valley/Reviewing the
Process: An Interview
with Niels-Erik Andreasen
Vol. 27, No. 3 Zdravko Plantak Adventist Basis for Human
Rights
Reinder Bruinsma Adventists and Catholics:
Prophetic Preview or
Prejudice?
Brent G.T. Geraty Our Firm=s Foundations

2000
Vol. 27, No. 4 Gary Chartier Loving Friends & Loving
God
Edwin A. Karlow The Metaphor of Design

Vol. 28, No. 1 Daniel Reynaud How to Think Christian in a

Post-modern Society
Warren Trenchard & The Interpretation of the Old
Larry Herr Testament in the New:Isaiah,
Matthew, & the Virgin
Ginger Ketting What I Have Learned as a
Missionary=s Kid
Langdon Gilkey The Meaning & Relevance of
Creation
James L. Hayward Shifting Views of the Past:
Adventists & the Historical
Sciences

Vol. 28, No. 2 James Londis, et al. Forgiving and Forgiven: A

Conversation
Roy Branson Adventism=s Rainbow
Coalition
Ronald Lawson When Immigrants Take
Over: The
Changing Face of SDAsm in
Metropolitan New York

Vol. 28, No. 3 Sakae Kubo What the Church Today Can
Learn from the Book of Acts

40
 Robert Johnston Shapes of Ministry in the
New Testament Church
Sakae Kubo Four Reasons Why Women=s
Ordination Is a Moot Issue

2001
Vol. 28, No. 4 Ron Osborn The Politics of Aging
Roger L. Dudley Why Our Teenagers Leave
the Church
(Editors) Divorce and Remarriage
Study Commission Report
Derek Davis & Charles Building a World That
McDaniels Respects Religious
Differences

Vol. 29, No. 1 Fritz Guy God=s Time: Infinite

Temporality & the Ultimate
Reality of Becoming
Kenneth Newport The Branch Davidians &
SDAs
Tom O=Hanley What=s in a Name?
Reflections on the
Advertising Campaign of the
Eternal Gospel Church
Siroj Sorajjakool Why Can=t We Be Wrong?
Archetypes, the Unconscious,
Formation of the Self, & the
SDA Church: A Jungian
Perspective

Vol. 29, No. 2 Dalton Baldwin Creation and Time

A. Gregory Schneider Musings on the Market and
an Old Memory Verse
Douglas Morgan Reservations about Religious
Liberty
Richard Rice Theology as Topical Bible
Study

Vol. 29, No. 3 Glen Greenwalt Thinking of God as an Artist

John N. McDowell Looking for Visual Truth: At
Play with Aural & Visual in
Adventism
James Londis Burnout: Paying the Cost for
Compassion
Richard Rice The Openness of God: A
New Level of Discussion

41
2002
Vol. 29, No. 4 Gary Land An Ambiguous Legacy: A
Retrospective View of
Prophetess of Health
Herbert E. Douglass Reexamining the Way God
Speaks to His Messengers:
Rereading Prophetess of
Health
Richard Rice How the Church Grows

Vol. 30, No. 1 Malcolm Russell Is Islam Really a Peaceful

Religion?
Reinder Bruinsma Adventist and Protestant
Fundamentalism
Roland Blaich Divided Loyalties: American
& German SDAs & the
Second World War
Ronald E. Osborn War, Fate, Freedom,
Remnant

Vol. 30, No. 2 Ernest Bursey Texts & Trivia: The Denials
of Peter
Sasha Ross As the Court Turns (CUC
lawsuit)
Nicholas Miller & Mitch Debating the CUC Case
Tyner

Vol. 30, No. 3 Gary Blount Creaking in the Beams:

Dietrich Bonhoeffer,
Christianity, and the
Third Reich
Borge Schantz & Holly Changing Relationships with
Hughson Our Muslim Neighbors:
Effects of September 11
John M. Berecz Is There Such a Thing as
AChristian@ Sex? Walking
the Sexual Tightrope
Rene Drumm Living Life in the Closet: The
Hidden Lives of Gay &
Lesbian Seventh-day
Adventists

Vol. 30, No. 4 Bert Haloviak The Perennial Quest for the
Word of Life: SDAs & the
Synoptic Problem

42
 Anthony Zuccarelli & Current Creation Questions:
Gerald Winslow the Test of Human Cloning
John Brunt They Said, We Said:
Denominational Statements
on Human Cloning
Keith Lockhart From Antifederalism to
SDAsm
Leigh Johnsen Conscience, Taxes, Coercion:
Isaac Backus & the Adventist
Tradition of Separation
between Church & State

Vol. 31, No. 2 Fritz Guy Interpreting Genesis One in

the Twenty-First Century
Alita Byrd Searching for Truth in
Reports of the Sabbath
Massacre
Ronald Osborn Anarchy and Apocalyptic

2004
Vol. 31, No. 4 John McDowell Rabbit’s Folly in Pooh’s
Grand Adventure: Reading
the Bible & the Nature of
Inspiration
Stefanie Johnson Questioning Sabbath School
John Polkinghorne Friendship of Science &
Religion
Loren Seibold Whose Church Is It,
Anyway?
Beverly Beem & Pilgrims & Strangers:
Ginger Harwood Adventist Spirituality, 1850-
1863
Vol. 32, No. 1 Gifford Rhamie Encountering the Ethiopian
Eunuch
Gorden Doss God’s Will for the Wealthy
and Poor
Borge Schantz, Reinder ADRA & the Adventist
Missions:
Bruinsma, Bonnie Dwyer Rescued or Kidnapped? (all
3 short articles)
Richard Rice The Great Controversy & the
Problem of Evil
Nancy Lecourt The Great Controversy over
You-Know-Who (Harry
Potter books)

43
Vol. 32, No. 2 Kendra Haloviak Pastor or Prostitute? The
Battle over Mary Magdalene
Brian Bull & Fritz Guy Then a Miracle Occurs
Heather Osborn Sabbath & Sports: Next
Religious Liberty Battle or
Too Hot to Touch?

Vol. 32, No. 4 Roger Dudley & Where Church and State
Edwin Hernandez Meet: Spectrum Surveys the
Adventist Vote

2005
Vol. 33, No. 1 Bruce Manners A Print-Driven Church
Daneen Akers Can Adventist Television
Learn Anything from Oprah?
Ross Winkle Disappearing Act: Hiram
Edson’s Cornfield
Experience
Christ Blake The Other Sanctuary
Doctrine
Norman H. Young Sanctuary: Essence of
Adventism

Vol. 33, No. 2 Fritz Guy How Inclusive Is Our Hope?

Scott LeMert Adventist Eschatology and
Assisted Suicide for the
Dying
Becky Wang Cheng How Does God View
Suicide?
Jack Provonsha Keeping Human Life Human

Vol. 33, No. 4 Steve Pawluk Point/Counterpoint in the

Discussion of Adventist
Higher Education

2006
Vol. 34, No. 1 Keith Lockhart The Myth of Vegetarianism
Chris Blake Are We Guardians of Truth
or Seekers of Truth?
Alexander Carpenter That Embarrassing Voice of
Prophecy

Vol. 34, No. 2 Rene Drumm Spouse Abuse in the

Adventist Home
A. Gregory Schneider Daring to Disagree with
James Dobson

44
 Bert Haloviak Ellen White, the Australian
Ministers, & the Role of
Women Preachers
Arthur Patrick Glacier View & the Austra-
lian Ministers
David Thiele Who is the SDA in 2006?

Vol. 34, No. 3 John Brunt How My Mind Has Changed

& Remained the Same with
Regard to Biblical Interpre-
tation
Richard Davidson Authority of Scripture: A
Personal Pilgrimage
Roy E. Gane Israelite Genocide & Islamic
Jihad

Vol. 34, No. 4 Malcolm Bull & Keith Authority & Identity
Lockhart

2007
Vol. 35, No. 1 Grenville Kent Cybersex, Solipsism, and
Paul’s Notion of the Body
Loren Seibold Pork

Vol. 35, No. 2 Winona Howe A Dark Day, A Starry Night,

& Other Signs of the End
David Larson What Killed the Branch
Davidian SDAs

Vol. 35, No. 3 Margaret Christian My Share: Living on One

Six-Billionth
Samir Selmanovic The Sweet Problem of In-
clusiveness: Finding God in
the Other

Vol. 35, No. 4 Zdravko Plantak Cinematography—Why

Bother? A List or Two to
Consider
Benjamin Lau The Adventist Advantage:
A Closer Look

2008

Vol. 36, No. 1 Loren Seibold Ordinary & Dangerous: Sex

in the Christian Community
John Jones Examining the Biblical Texts

45
 about Homosexuality:
Toward the Unity of the
Body of Christ
Mitchell Tyner Public Policy Issues Involv-
ing Homosexuality: An Ad-
ventist Response

Vol. 36, No. 2 Malcolm Bull & Keith Adventism in the Present
Lockhart Tense
Benjamin McArthur Point of the Spear: Adventist
Liberalism & the Study of

Ellen White in the 1970s

Vol. 36, No. 3 Loren Seibold In the Lord’s Name: The
Power of the Third Com-
mandment
E. Albert Reece The Promise of Stem Cell
Research
Maury Jackson Answering the Call for a
Sacred Conversation on Race

46
 Keepers of the Flame: Part I - The Apostasy”

Martin Luther Waldenses

Johannes Gutenberg 1260 days (day/year)
Printing Press (1450) Milan, Italy
Bible Claudius, Bishop of Turin (9th century)
“great darkness” “Church in the Wilderness”
bishops and abbots Peter Waldo (15th century)
Salvation by faith Henri Arnaud
Nero, Trajan and Diocletian Pra Del Torno (Angrogno River)
“Man of lawlessness” “College of the Barbes”
Lion, bear, leopard, horrible beast “Church of the Cave”
10 horns/kingdoms Innocent VIII (1487)
Hippolytus Albert Catarnio
Antichrist Synod of Chanforans (1552)
Bishop of Rome Peter Olivetan (French Bible)
Veneration of Angels and Saints Massacre of Easter 1655
Relics John Milton
Sunday Sacredness “Avenge, O Lord, thy slaughtered saints”
Purgatory and Hell
Prayers to Mary and Saints
Mass=Sacrifice
Confession to priest
Indulgences
Absolution from sin
Prayers and pilgrimages
John Tetzel (1517)
October 31, 1517
Castle Church, Wittenberg
Fredrick the Wise
Duke of Piedmont
“Cornerstone of Reformation”
sola scriptura
June 1520
Daniel 7&8; II Thes.2
Diet of Worms
Charles V (H.R.E)
John Wycliffe
“Morning Star of Reformation”
Lutterworth, Leicestershire
December 1384
Swift, Avon, Severn, North Sea
John Hus
July 6, 1415
dragon v. pure woman
Torre Pellice, Italy

47
 “Keepers of the Flame: Part II – The Reformers”

“Light Shines in darkness”

Waldenses
“Woman in the Wilderness”
Ulrich Zwingli
Indulgences
Geneva “Reformers Wall”
William Farel
John Calvin
Theodore Beza
Institutes of the Christian Religon
Geneva, Switzerland
Edinburgh, Scotland
John Knox
St. Andrews Castle
George Wichart (martyr)
Daniel 7 (4 beasts)
“Little Horn” (antichrist)
St. Giles Cathedral, Edinburgh
August 1560
Mary Queen of Scots
Holyrood Palace
Westminster Abbey, England
Henry VIII (1534)
Mary I (Tudor)
300 Martyrs (protestants.)
Greyfriars’ church, Edinburgh
18,000 martyrs
Martyr’s Memorial, Oxford
Nicholas Rigby
Hugh Latimer
Thomas Crammer
Elizabeth I
Philip II
Spanish Armada (1588)
Shetlands, Orkneys, Hebrides
Plymouth, England
Mayflower (1620)
Puritan “Separatists”
Pilgrims
“More Truth and Light...”
538-1798 A.D.
General Berthier
Salvation by Faith through Grace
“The Remnant” (Rev. 12:17)

48
 “Keepers of the Flame: Part III – The Great Expectation”

August 1831 Spring ‘43-Spring ‘44

William Miller 10 virgins (Matt. 25)
St. Peter’s Basilica “tarrying time”
Sistine Chapel Samuel S. Snow
Sixtus IV October 22, 1844
Michelangelo Buonaroti “10th Day of the 7th Month
Justinian I (533 A.D.) “Midnight Cry”
Ostrogoths (Aryans) “Great Tent” (6000 people)
538-1798 “Ascension Rock” (limestone)
General Berthier “The Great Disappointment”
Joseph Priestly Miller Chapel (1848)
day/year principle 300 times (N.T.)
Daniel 8:14 Founders Hall, A.U.C.
2300 days/years “Cleansing of Sanctuary”
Isaac Newton December 20, 1849
“fulfilled prophecy” “We shall soon see Him...”
Low Hampton, NY
Lucy Smith
Poultney, VT
Deism
Apology and Defense
War of 1812
deputy sheriff; captain
3:1 (Redcoats vs. United States)
Bible and Crudens Concordance
1816-1818
Bible=its own interpreter
Bible-literal fulfillments
Postmillennialism (peace)
Millennialism (judgment)
457 B.C.- 1843 A.D
“Sanctuary”= earth
“Cleansing”=destruction by fire
Irving Guilford
Daniel 7 cf. 8:14 cf. 9:25
Poultney, VT
Evidence of the Second Coming of Christ
Great Britain (1000 preachers)
Sweden (child preachers)
“General Conferences” (rallies)
Camp meetings (125; 1842-44)
500,000 people
5,000,000 copies of Advent papers
Prophetic Chart (1843)

49
 “Keepers of the Flame: Part IV – After The Disappointment”

Erie Canal (1817-1825) Hazen Foss

Albany to Buffalo Poland, ME
Port Gibson, NY Ellen Gould Harmon
October 22, 1844 “Weakest of the Weak”
Owen Crosier “a compass”
Daniel 8:14
Sanctuary=Heaven
Most Holy Place
Day-Star (Extra)
February 7, 1846
Washington, NH
Puritans
Dr. Peter Chamberlen
Seventh Day Baptist
Newport, RI
Stephen Mumford (1671)
5,500 Seventh Day Baptists
Rachel Oakes (Preston)
April, 1842
Fredrick Wheeler
William Farnsworth
Cyrus Farnsworth
Thomas Preble
February 1845
Joseph Bates
New Bedford, MA
James Madison Monroe Hall
August 1846
The Seventh Day Sabbath a Perpetual Sign
Third Angel’s Message
Revelation 14:12
Roosevelt, NY
Sabbath cf. Sanctuary (1846)
Revelation 11:18
Jesus=Hight Priest and Lord of Sabbath
Revelation 12:17
“Testimony of Jesus”
Revelation 19:10 cf. Revelation 22:8
Joel 2:27-28
Boston, MA
William E. Foy
Christian Experience (1842)
“3 Steps Vision”
East Sullivan, ME (1893)

50
 “Keepers of the Flame: Part V – The Weakest of the Weak”

Gorham, ME National Spiritualist Association (1948)

Ellen and Elizabeth Harmon “Christianity plus”
Portland, ME J.B. Philips cf. C.S. Lewis
Coma Parkville, MI
William Miller (1840) January 12, 1861
Casco Street Church Civil War Vision
1844=happiest year 5 families lost sons
2000 visions and dreams Revelation 12:17 cf. Revelation 19:10
moments to 4 hours “Testimony of Jesus”= “Spirit of Prophecy”
1875-1915=prophetic dreams William Farnsworth (22 children)
John N. Loughborough Millan Pond, Washington NH
“Glory! Glory! Glory!” Cyrus Farnsworth home
December 1844 Eugene Farnsworth (19)
Consumption (T.B.) II Chronicles 36:15 cf. Ephesians 4:12-13
Elizabeth Haynes
First Vision (Saints to Holy City)
Second Vision (Calls and trials)
William E. Foy (1845)
Exeter vision (Jesus in Most Holy Place)
Day-Star (March 14, 1846)
Joseph Bates
August 30, 1846
James White
Stockbridge Howland
Tophsham, ME
April 3, 1847 vision
Rocky Hill, CT
Stephen Beldon home
April 1848-December 1850
“Sabbath Conferences”
Ellen’s role cf. Bible Study
November 1848 (printing vision)
The Present Truth (1849)
Albert Beldon
Second Advent Review and Sabbath Herald (1850- Present)
Battle Creek, MI
Warburton, Australia
1891-1900
Melbourne Press
Hydesville, NY
Spiritualism
March 31, 1848
Fox sisters
“Rochester rappings”

51
 “Keepers of the Flame: Part VI – A Lesser Light”

December 1891 Review and Herald fire

Australian Publishing House (December 30, 1902)
Nathaniel Faulkhead Battle Creek Sanitarium fire
Masonic Order (February 1902)
Melbourne S.D.A School (1892) Washington, D.C. Headquarters (1903)
Knights Templar sign Stephen Smith (1851-1885)
Visions and dreams Washington, NH
Communicate message Eugene Farnsworth
borrowed words “lead a man toward God and the Bible”
strengthens and encourages church “lesser light” (Testimonies); “greater light
brings consolation (Bible)
brings unity
leads people to Christ
“dependant on Spirit...”
Pantheism
Dr. John Harvey Kellogg (1880's)
General Conference meeting (1899)
South Lancaster, MA
Arthur G. Daniells
“Nature is not God”
Sunnyside (E.G.W. home), Cooranbong, Australia
Battle Creek College
Battle Creek Sanitarium
February 1902 Sanitarium Fire
The Living Temple
Washington, D.C.
General Conference (1903)
Testimonies, vol. 8
Ministry of Healing
Nature of God
Dime Tabernacle, Battle Creek (1879-1922)
Joseph Bates
David Hewitt (1852)
Review and Herald Press (1855)
Seventh-day Adventist (1860)
Western Health Reform Institute (1868)
Dr. John Kellogg
Battle Creek School (1872)
Battle Creek College (1874)
Review and Herald Publishing House
Battle Creek Sanitarium (1000 employees)
WWI (10,000,000 dead)
WWII (40,000,000 dead)
General Conference of 1901

52
 “Keepers of the Flame: Part VII – A Healing Ministry”

6-8 years more of life Dr. Clyde McKay

heart disease and cancer Cornell University
S.D.A lifestyle 4000 S.D.A.’s (1865)
fruits, grains, nuts, and vegetables “Our Home on the Hillside”
sleep, excercise, water Rochester, NY (Christmas)
NO meat, coffee, tobacco Western Health Reform Institute
Louis Pasteur (1866)
“White Plague” (TB) Dr. John H. Kellogg (1875)
“ague” (malaria) Battle Creek Sanitarium (1885)
Calomel, arsenic, opium, etc. 60 Books (1,000,000 copies)
night air=dangerous 22,000 operations
few baths 5000 lectures
meat, grease, condiments, tea “mechanical horse”
tobacco=bronchitis “cure” Corn Flakes
John N. Andrews “Kept 5 years ahead”
Sylvester Graham 27 S.D.A Sanitariums (1901)
vegetarianism; whole wheat Ashfield and Summer Hill
hydrotherapy Sanitariums (Australia)
Dr. James Jackson Sydney Sanitarium (1903)
Dr. Russell Trall Warburton Sanitarium (1910)
Dansville, NY Paradise Valley Sanitarium (1904)
“Home on the Hillside” (1858) Salem Hamilton
Laws of Life (paper) Glendale Sanitarium (1904)
natural remedies Loma Linda Sanitarium (1905)
1848 vision (tobacco, tea, coffee) Loma Linda University Medical
1854 vision (rich, greasy foods) Center
Ostego, MI Cure and prevention
Aaron Hilliard home
1863 vision (meat, alcohol, spices, tobacco, tea, drugs)
water, exercise, sun, baths
under 30=50% S.D.A deaths
Health reform cf. 3 Angels’ Messages
selection of “extracts”
salt and sugar
olive oil vs. animal oil
milk and eggs
athletes cf. vegetarianism
mind cf. psychosomatics
American Academy of Science (1982)
Cancer cf. diet
heart and disease and paralysis
fainting spells
Elmshaven, St. Helena, CA
Arthur W. Spalding

53
 “Keepers of the Flame: Part VIII – Ellen, The Women”

5’2”; 140 pounds writings not a straight jacket

James White outgoing person
Henry Nicholas White (1847) King Arthur tiles
James Edson White (1849) William Hyde (1845)
William Clarence White (1854) “We’ll be there in a little while”
John Herbert White (1860) broken hip (1915)
love of pansies; tomatoes; auctions “I know in whom I have believed”
neighborly visits July 24, 1915
Topsham, ME (1847) Tabernacle, Battle Creek
Stockbridge Howland home Oak Hill Cemetary
hauling stone; cordwood (50 cents per day) 1827-1915
Henry White (1863) “They shall constantly speak”
“Sweet Singer” Lovetts Grove, OH vision (1858)
Oak Hill Cemetery (Battle Creek) Jackson, MI
Wood Street Home (Battle Creek) Daniel and Abigail Palmer
sewing pants paralyzing stroke
picking fruit Spirtual Gifts, vol. 1 (1858)
gardening enthusiast Great Controversy (1888)
“free hotel” (35) Revelation 13 and 14
frequent traveling Three Angels’ Messages
$26.00 coat Miller; Edson; Oakes; Bates;
sewing; mending; knitting White
struggle over meat
“Stomach, you may wait until you can eat bread”
Greenville, MI
James White’s stroke
haying “trick”
hearty laugh
“hug-me-tight” joke
tender relationship with James
“Not all sweetness and light”
happy in suffering
Cooranbong, New South Wales
500 fruit trees (2 acres)
“Sunny Side” (E.G.W. home)
Avondale School
Desire of Ages (1898)
Lover of Children
gift of fish
“Tiglath Pileser” (dog)
Elmshaven, St. Helena, CA
Grace Jacques
eggs, milk, cottage cheese
fruit and vegetables

54
 “William Miller” (18 minutes; 1989)

Dan Matthews
Kit Carson
Samuel Morse (telegraph)
February 15, 1782
Pittsfield, MA
Low Hampton, NY
Lucy Smith
Deists
Baptist
War of 1812
Captain William Miller
Battle of Plattsburg, NY
Lake Champlain, NY
Supreme Being
“In Jesus I found a friend”
1816-1818
2300 Days (Daniel 8:14)
1831
Maple Grove
“Into the grove went a farmer; there came out a preacher”
Dresden, NY
800 lectures (1834-39)
Millerites
Signs of the Times
The Midnight Cry
prophetic charts (Charles Fitch)
sealing wax
“monitory wafers”
Great Tent (3000 people)
“Millerite Humbug”
Tuesday, October 22, 1844
“Ascension Rock”
Great Disappointment
“Present truths”
Rachel Oakes
Washington, NH Church
Seventh-day Adventists
“Catch the Vision”
restoration projects
“Harvest 90”
Justice of the Peace (barrel documents)
December 1849
“…he will come forth at the sound of the last trump.”

55
 “The Midnight Cry!” (1994; 102 minutes)

William Miller patriotism

October 22, 1844 militia lieutenant
John Tyler captain in U.S. Army
Samuel F.B. Morse War of 1812
Karl Marx and Fredrick Engels Plattsburg, NY (Lake Champlain)
Alexander Dumas 15,000 (Br.) v. 5,500 (US)
1 million Americans printed sermons
Charles G. Finney Bible and concordance
temporal millennium Daniel 2, 7, & 8:14
Industrial Revolution Earth=sanctuary=burned
cotton gin 457 B.C. -1843 A.D
Erie Canal August 1831 covenant with God
railroads and steamships Dresden, NY
“Golden Age” Silas Guilford
slavery and alcohol Maple Grove
William Lloyd Garrison 2000 lectures; 6 books and tracts
The Liberator Baptist license (1833)
“The peculiar institution” Brother Hendrix
6000 temperance societies “reverend”
utopian societies Head v. Heart preaching
Shakers Fall 1834
New Harmony, IN logical arguments, solemn lectures
Brook Farm and Fruitlands, MA 42 ministers’ endorsements
Oneida, NY Evidence (1836)
Joseph Smith Boston, MA (1839)
Mormons Timothy Cole
Deism and skepticism palsy
Revivalism Millerites
Second Great Awakening Joshua V. Himes
French Revolution Christian Connexion
Pius VI Chardon Street Chapel (1839)
Anti-Christ “doors shall be opened…”
1260 Days; 2300 Days Ultraist or Enthusiast
Post-millennialism Abolitionism; Antislavery
Second Coming Signs of the Times
Yankee Phineas T. Barnum
“coolness and soundess of judgment” “Great Excitement” (1840 election)
1782-1849 “Father Miller”
Low Hampton, NY Ellen Harmon (12)
Baptist Robert Harmon (hatmaker)
Lucy Smith (1803) “general conference”
Poultney, VT typhoid fever
Deistic ideals Henry Dana Ward
constable; sheriff; justice of peace Charles Fitch

56
John Quincy Adams Buffalo, NY (Lake Erie)
“The Great Tent” Leonard Hastings (NH)
Hiram Munger (tentmaster) potato field
55’ pole; 3-4000 people Ezekial Hale’s woolen mill
125 camp meetings (1841-44) Haverhill, NH
John Greenleaf Whittier Rochester, NY hatmaker
James G. Bennett (New York Herald) mob spirit
“Liars Department” “The Bridegroom cometh!”
“humbug and fool” Jane Marsh Parker
The Olive Branch “They waited quietly”
ascension robes myth “Blasted Hope”
April 3, 1843 Luther Boutelle
March 21, 1843/44 Hiram Edson
Washington, DC (pranksters) “We wept and wept until the day dawn”
comet (February 1843) James S. White
Millerite “orgies” myth “I wept like a child”
Millerite insanity myth Albany Conference (1845)
“voracious harpies in human shape” 3 viewpoints on October 22, 1844
Horace Greeley (New York Tribune) Date right/event wrong
Alexander Campbell Event right/date wrong
Disciples of Christ Spiritual coming in hearts of believers
William Lloyd Garrison (The Liberator) Evangelical Adventists
rise of fanaticism Advent Christian Church
Josiah Litch Ellen Harmon on 1844
Levi Stockman (heresy trial) new sanctuary focus
Chestnut Street Methodist Church potato blight
Robert Harmon family expelled Howard Atheneum
“Come out of Babylon” “Elijah the Prophet” (Snow)
Charles Fitch James and Ellen White
“The Blessed Hope” Seventh-day Adventist Church
Ezekial Hale Marx; Shakespeare; Hemingway; White
March 21, 1844 Elk Point, SD (Himes)
Boston Tabernacle (May 1844) Miller disfellowshiped
“Tarrying Time” (Habakkuk) Miller Chapel
“Midnight Cry” (Matthew 25) “At the time appointed the end shall be”
Parable of the 10 virgins Legacy of the Millerite Movement
Henry Clay v. James Polk Church of God (Seventh Day) = 6000
Washingtonian Society members
Joseph Smith Advent Christian Church = 28,000
“Seventh Month Movement” members
Samuel Sheffield Snow SDA Church = 8,000,000+ members
Exeter, NH camp meeting “Today–until He comes”
August 1844
10th Day of the 7th month
October 22, 1844
Himes and Miller on October 22nd

57
 “The Kellogg Brothers: Cornflake Kings” (1995; 50 minutes)

John and Ann Preston Kellogg sterile operating rooms and

February 26, 1852 instruments
Tuberculosis American College of Surgeons
“quacks” shredded wheat (“baled hay”)
Battle Creek, Michigan 1894 “flakes” (wheat, rice, oats,
broom factory corn)
Will Keith Kellogg Charles W. Post
James and Ellen White Postum (1895)
health visions Grape-Nuts
The Health Reformer (1864) “You know what dogs do to posts,
vegetarianism at 14 don’t you?”
Western Health Reform Institute (1866) “Cereal Capital of the World” (100
Hydrotherapy companies)
The Water Cure Journal Kellogg’s Toasted Cornflake
$1000 loan Company (1910)
Bellevue Hospital, NYC Battle Creek Toasted Cornflake
Battle Creek Sanitarium Company (1906)
Philosophy of good health court battles (1910-16)
dyspepsia and neurasthenia four 6-hour shifts
baths; massages; exercise; diet; Depression and receivership (1933)
static electricity; sandbags; air tubes Miami Springs, FL
“He had to play the first string” Child Welfare Foundation
Ella Eaton (1879) Kellogg Foundation
“Biologic Living” December 14, 1943 (91) = John
“Man Friday” ($9/week) H. Kellogg
non-salaried nurses letter of reconciliation
The Little Red Onion Restaurant (“Sinners’ Club”) 1951 (91) = Will K. Kellogg
steaks = “cesspools of bacteria” “Absolutely wrong—yet ahead of his
bowel movements (3-5 times/day) time!”
enema flush machines $66,000,000
sunshine (light bulbs) machine
white clothing; diaper costumes; belt massagers
regular exercise; rooftop marches (“health ladder”)
celebrities (John D. Rockefeller, Henry Ford,
C.W. Baron, Johnny Weismuller)
Sanitarium Food Company
Protose; Nutose; Nut Butter
control of sexual urges; masturbation & idiocy
40 orphans adopted
George Kellogg (“Incorrigible”)
genetics and Eugenics Movement
Race Betterment Foundation
40 books
Pavlovian Institute

58
 “The Cornflakes Story” with Gerrilyn Roberts (24 minutes)

Battle Creek, MI heat sealed

John Harvey Kellogg Times Square billboard
Will Keith Kellogg samples; grocery displays
“Cereal Capital of the World” “Kellogg Ladies” (elegant,
Ellen White wholesome)
Dr. Richard Schwarz 40% Bran Flakes (1915)
“Health, or How to Live” All Bran (1916)
Sylvester Graham Rice Krispies (“Snap, Crackle,
Russell Trall Pop”)
“biologic living” Great Britain (1920s)
Western Health Reform Institute cereal and milk (1930s)
The Health Reformer Britain v. U.S. cereal eating per
Battle Creek Sanitarium capita
1000 people
1902 fire
Towers Block
15,000 per year
exercise desk
Grand March
hydrotherapy (water)
phototherapy (sun)
cold air
massage
muscluar bath (mechanotherapy)
vibrating chair and table
luxury health resort (1920’s)
J. D. Rockefeller
Thomas A. Edison
Harvey Firestone
Henry Ford
calory counts; vegetarianism
mail order business
“Toasted Corn Flakes”
Will Keith Kellogg
“sweetheart of the corn”
physician v. businessman
Dime Tabernacle
Post Cereals
molasses; pie; bacon; pancakes; heavy breakfasts
February 1906
700 acres corn per day
Ladies Home Journal
July 1906
“Waxtite” paper

59
 “Waco—The Inside Story” (1995; 57 minutes)

28 February 1993 gas masks

Mount Carmel Center 31 mph winds
Waco, Texas three-part fire (Who set it?)
World Trade Center 9 escape out of 84
William Sessions (FBI director) “Where are the kids? Consumed!”
Jeff Jumar (FBI Waco commander) Gunshot suicides (20)
Byron Sage (FBI agent) smoke inhalation
8 ATF agents 3 kids shot; 1 kid stabbed to death
David Koresh “A monumental failure”
“We were beaten!”
Peter Boyer (correspondent)
Hostage Rescue Team (HRT)
negotiating team
46 children; 18 released
Jim Cavanaugh (ATF negotiator)
con man or delusionist?
Surrender plan
Clive Doyle (Davidian)
Steve Schneider (Davidian agent)
Psalm 2 and Revelation 18
“We’ve been duped!”
Barry Higginbotham (FBI sniper)
Clinton Van Zandt (FBI negotiator)
milk for children
Jack Harwell (sheriff)
“10 day roll”
electricity cut off
psychological warfare
FBI & Justice Department wrangling
Janet Reno (US Attorney General)
Domino’s Pizza
R. J. Craig (HRT)
20 negotiators
noise and music blasts
21 March 1993 (7 released)
23-day siege
tear gas and tanks
“child shields”
sexual abuse; beatings
16 April 1993
suicide = unpardonable sin
“The Lord will come with fire...”
No fire-fighting plan
19 April 1993

60
 “Ordination to the Gospel Ministry” (1995; 90 minutes)

Sligo SDA Church Shady Grove SDA Hospital

September 23, 1995 “We recognize and affirm [their]
Andy McRae ministry”
ordinand Louis Vendon
Ossie Heaton Pacific Union College
“God…our divine Parent” Laying on of hands
Ludwig van Beethoven “God of Abraham, Isaac, & Jacob…
“Hymn to Joy” (Hymn 12) of Sarah, Rachel, & Elizabeth”
Paul Anderson some participants moved to tears
“God of the universe” “You, God, have called them”
“He has told you, O mortal, what is good” “You have no hands but our hands,
Galations 3:28 (“All are one in Christ Jesus”) which we place upon them”
“Be Thou My Deliverer” Kit Watts
Arthur Rudy Torres “Glory to God!”
“What was fantasy for me was Esther Knott = absent
vision for Allison” Give the charge
Joel 2:28-29 Affirm and authorize your Gospel
historical and cultural difficulties ministry “wherever you are
“Never allow the present to define the future” called”
“religious male hierarchy of priests” Preach, teach, care, organize,
“a paradigm of scarcity” (spiritual) preside in worship
Beefeaters and the Crown jewels “By God’s grace we accept our
“measuring out God’s grace by pipette” ordination”
“a bankrupt priesthood” “The torch of justice lit today by
“corporate repentance” the Spirit”
“The age of the Holy Spirit begins at the Cross” “And all the people said, ‘Amen!’”
Desmond Ford “Society’s arbitrary labels for
“Ordained by the Holy Spirit” people – destroyed!”
“ministry is not a status, but servanthood” “…a vision that makes this moment
“We are all ministers” (priesthood of all believers) a sacred moment”
“We need a new vision, not “I no longer belong to a church that
limited by the old Paradigm” will not ordain women”
“Let the future begin!” Gayle Saxby (“called her church to
Les Pitton account on this issue”)
Dr. Charles Scriven II Corinthians 5 (“If we are out of
Kendra Haloviak our mind, it is for the sake
Columbia Union College of Christ”)
Dr. Lawrence Geraty “Everything has become new”
Norma Keough Osborn “Rise Up, O Church of God”
“a real pastor is baptizing me” (Hymn #615)
cause celebre
“The service…is a step, a beginning”
Dr. Fritz Guy
Penny Shell

61
“The Conscientious Objector: A True Story of An American Soldier” (2004 101
mins.)

Ralph Waldo Emerson (quote) water rations, dehydration, sunstroke

Congressional Medal of Honor Commander Jack Lover
Desmond T. Doss “You’re not going to be by my damn
Loutout Mountain, TN side if you’re not carrying a gun!”
Rising Fawn, GA pressure to transfer Doss
Cochlear implant General Randall
Lynchburg, VA Colonel Hamilton
7 February 1919 Section 8 (mental instability)
Audrey Millner (sister) “I’ll be just as good a soldier as you”
10 Commandments (picture) Indiantown Gap, PA
Sixth Commandment Captain William T. Cunningham
“How could a brother do such a thing?” rifle range qualification
”I didn’t want to ever take life.” refused pass to town
Harold Doss (brother) court martial threat
“He didn’t know how to give up” K. P. duty
Depression problems War Service Commission (GC)
Bertha Doss (mother) Franklin D. Roosevelt’s Order
giving blood “If I ever once compromised, I
family drunkenness & violence would be in trouble”
7 December 1941 ‘I’ll need your prayers”
Pearl Harbor, Hawaii Guam Island (1944)
Newport News Naval Shipyard (VA) machine guns, flame throwers
Senator Max Cleland mortars, artillery shells
physical disability (4F) Doss worked at night
conscientious objector (1-A-0) Why Japanese shot medics?
“conscientious cooperator” Bonzai attacks (women)
Fort Jackson, SC white flag trick
Dorothy Schutte (fiancee) “Tokyo Rose”
Rifle company “The Butchers of Guam”
G. I. (Government Inductee) Cunningham runs from enemy
A pest; a joke; a holy Joe Okinawa (“Hell hole of Pacific”)
Barracks persecution “Operation Iceberg” (1945)
“I’ll shoot you!” kamizake pilots
77th Division 96th Army Division (decimated)
bowline knot “Like stacking up cordwood”
17 August 1942 knee-deep mud & blood
Fort Picket, VA Maeda Escarpment (350’)
Sabbath sacredness pillboxes, caves, concrete bunkers
noncoms (noncombatants) flame throwers; women on fire
Medical Attachment “Hacksaw Ridge”
Captain Statman cargo nets & laddders
Court martial threat “I was reading my Bible”
Camp Hyder, AZ (1943) plasma at Aid Station

62
110-128 degrees F 30 April 1945
“A” Company; “B” Company
“It was like a miracle”
2 May 1945
Doss’ principle of treatment
Doss’ greatest temptation
“Mortars coming down like grapes”
“I couldn’t believe how calm he was”
155 men; 55 retreat off the ridge
double-loop bowline knot
75+ men lowered
“Bullets were flying like bees”
“Lord, please help me get one more!”
“It was like the Lord had His hand on his [Doss’] shoulder”
Japanese gun jams
5 May 1945 (Saturday)
Delay for Doss to read Bible
307th Infantry Regiment holds Ridge
Commander Jack Lover (saved by Doss)
21 May 1945 (Doss wounded twice)
Mercy (hospital ship)
Dos loses his Bible on battlefield
Soldiers risk lives to find his Bible
115,000 Japanese killed
15,000 U.S. soldiers killed
17 pieces shrapnel in his body
President Harry S Truman
12 October 1945
15 Medals of Honor
“You really deserve this! I consider this a greater honor than being President”
100% disabled
Tuberculosis; total deafness
November 1991 (wife Dorothy died)
Frances Doss (second wife)
“He is a man at peace”
“He was one of the bravest persons alive”
Kind of a loner
A man of deep faith, courage and humility
“I’m proud to have known him”

63
“The Red Books” (DVD, 2008, 90 minutes)

As you watch this drama staged by Pacific Union College students concerning Ellen
White and her writings, think about the following questions:

1. Is this play a satire, a tragedy, a comedy, or something else?

2. How did you feel about Ellen White before seeing the play?
3. How do you feel about her after seeing the play?
4. What would you say has been the role of Ellen White’s writings in the church? Why?
5. What would you say their role should be today? Why?
6. What did you learn from seeing this play that you did not know before?
7. What questions did seeing the play raise in your mind?
8. Was seeing this play an emotional experience for you? Why or why not?
9. Why did some members of the audience become very emotional during and after
seeing the play? (view the extra bonus material to answer this question)
10. How did taking this class (HIST404) help you gain a great understanding of the issues
raised in the play?

64