Council of Ministers Ministry of Education @@ @@ @@
The explanation
12 Dear all, Activity Book Activity Book 12 The above LOGO will be placed at the TOP in the LEFT position of all FRONT COVERS of Sunrise Books. (As it's shown). Sunrise 6 SB Welcome to Sunrise – a bright new look at English! As you see The Ministry removed the Kurdish script in it, it's òìaŠ‡Žïq@õis@H2011 NSunrise a complete @H186Icourse I@ôÜbEnglish @ô䆊br@õòŠbàˆ@çbØóïïn“ @óäbƒ jŽïnØ@ôn“ written especially for primary and @ômóîaŠói secondaryòíŽîŠschool ói@óÜ students. The course only English, and the size is smaller. has a communicative approach, integrating listening, speaking, reading and writing, with a clear focus on grammar structures. Sunrise 12 consolidates and extends work done in earlier grades and increases the emphasis on skills Let me know if something is not clear. development and learner autonomy. Sunrise 6 AB
Key features Best wishes,
@@NòìaŠ‡Žïq@õ@H2011I@ôÜb@H187I@ô䆊br@õòŠbàˆ@çbØóïïn“ @óäbƒjŽïnØ@ôn“ @ômóîaŠóiòíŽîŠói@óÜ • Sunrise 12 makes learning fun through six motivating, topic-based teaching units. These units contain vocabulary and grammar presentations leading on to skills work. Language Focus summary sections follow, PS: offering additional grammar explanations with examples, word lists with phonetics, parts of speech and Sunrise 6 TB 1- You can resize the above LOGO little bit (not too much) if phonetics, and also important study and vocabulary acquisition techniques. it's very, very necessary). • Sunrise 12 provides regular reviews of vocabulary and grammar through two revision units. òìaŠ‡Žïq@õ@H2011 @@N• Sunrise @H188 I@ôÜbthe I@ô䆊br @õòŠbàˆ@çbØóïïn“ @óäbƒj 2- You'll use the previous LOGO which I sent you in PDF 12 includes story of Treasure Island, divided intoŽïnØ@ôn“ @ômóîaŠóiand eight episodes òíŽîŠói@óÜ supported by glossaries, culture notes and Activity Book activities. format only on the Title pages. • Sunrise 12 has a CD with all the dialogue, pronunciation and listening activities. • Sunrise 12 offers six optional roleSunrise 12 SBto the topics covered in the units. plays related • Sunrise 12 provides a substantial reference section to help students develop their ability to study independently. òìaŠ‡Žïq@õ@H2011 N• Sunrise 12 Activity @H189 I@ôÜbBook I@ô䆊br@õòŠbàˆ@çbØóïïn“ @óäbƒ provides grammar and vocabulary jŽpractice ïnØ@ôn“ materials. @ômóîaŠóiòíŽItîŠói@óÜ also supports the Student’s Shaswar, Book skills lessons with a variety of guided writing tasks. Macmillan Kurdistan. Sunrise 12 materials are: 09/03/2010 Sunrise 12 Student’s Book, Activity Book, Teacher’s AB CD Book, @ @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ @@NòìaŠ‡Žïq@õ@H2011I@ôÜb@H190I@ô䆊br@õòŠbàˆ@çbØóïïn“ @óäbƒjŽïnØ@ôn“ @ômóîaŠóiòíŽîŠói@óÜ @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ www.macmillanenglish.com @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ Sunrise 12 TB I S B N 978-0-230-72761-8 Property of Ministry of Education @@NòìaŠ‡Žïq@õ@H2011I@ôÜb@H191I@ô䆊br@õòŠbàˆ@çbØóïïn“ @óäbƒjŽïnØ@ôn“ @ômóîaŠóiòíŽîŠói@óÜ NOT FOR RESALE @@ 9 780230 727618
@@ Sunrise 1 TB 9780230727618_SUNRISE_AB12_COVER.idml 1 08/03/2011 12:08 Activity Book 12 Student’s Book 4 @@ @@
@ @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ Kurdistan Regional Government @ @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ Council of Ministers Ministry of Education @@ @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ @ @×a‹ŽïÈ@@–@çbn†ŠíØ@ôáŽîŠóè@ômóàíÙy @ @çbØóïïäóàóqbšì@ãa‹ û‹q@“ @ômóîaŠóiòíŽîŠói@@M@ò†ŠòìŠóq@ômòŠaŒòì @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
Nick Beare 9780230727618 Sunrise 12 AB 06.indd 1 25/02/2011 10:25 1 lessons to n e w yo r k Why not contact my cousin? 1&2
1 VOCABULARY: air travel B Complete the two-word nouns with the
following. A Complete Azad’s conversation at the airport with the check-in assistant. Then practise. control departure landing ticket youth air ticket boarding pass luggage passport shoulder bag suitcase visa 1 air ticket 2 lounge 3 pass 4 passport 5 conference
C Find the airport words to complete two
more types of officer.
cutmoss crysuite ciliop
1 police officer 2 officer 3 officer
Assistant May I see your (1) passport 2 VOCABULARY: words in context
and your (2) , Choose the right word to complete each please? statement. Change the form where necessary. Azad Here you are, and here’s my 1 Another passenger on the plane (3) for America. Azad about his visit to New York. (ask / find Assistant Thanks. And how many pieces of out) (4) are you checking 2 Azad a lot from this in today? passenger, who knew New York well. (ask / find Azad Just one (5) . It’s out) about 20 kilos, I think. 3 I’m just going on a short to Assistant Yes, 20.3 kilos. That’s fine. the mountains for a few days. (journey / trip) Azad Do you need to weigh my 4 Marco Polo’s long and dangerous (6) , from Italy to China took too? roughly three years. (journey / trip) Assistant Yes, please. Mm … 3.5 kilos, so 5 The manager and her assistant always have a that’s no problem. … Now, here’s ten-minute at the start of the your (7) , day. (conference / meeting) which shows you your seat number on 6 Thousands of people from all over the the plane – 23C. world will come to the next international Azad Thanks very much. on climate change. Assistant You’re welcome. Have a good flight. (conference / meeting)
9780230727618 Sunrise 12 AB 06.indd 2 25/02/2011 10:25
1 lessons 1&2
7 Hemin and I had a quick 3 You don’t know anyone in New York, this morning, and he told me a bit about his holiday. (conversation / discussion) 4 New York is a huge city, 8 Everyone who works here should meet one 5 You won’t get home until next week, day and have a proper about the future of our organization. (conversation / 6 There are people from all over the world at the discussion) conference, 9 We had dinner at about 7.00 . 7 The conference isn’t going to begin today, (last night / yesterday evening) 10 I turned off the TV and went to bed at 10.30 8 People have to go to the conference centre . (last night / yesterday tomorrow morning, evening) 9 You haven’t had time to explore New York yet, 11 I’ve just read an amazing in this guidebook: the population of Greater New York is around 20 million! (fact / 10 You can’t see Central Park from your hostel, information) 12 This guidebook has lots of useful , advice and suggestions about things to do and places to see in New York. (fact / information)
3 FUNCTIONS: making suggestions
Complete the suggestions with these forms. Be careful with the grammatical forms! 5 LANGUAGE FOR LIFE I suggest … Let’s … Complete the conversation. Then practise. What about … Why not … Fine. How can I help? Have you got a pen and paper? Read more about this in SB Unit 1 Language How was your journey? focus page 10. 1 Why not visit the Tourist Office to get Rondik Hi, Susie! It’s Rondik, and I’ve just more information? arrived in New York! 2 meet at 12.00. Susie Oh, great! 3 you go to the museum if you Rondik It was very good. I really enjoyed it. have time. Susie I can give you some names of places to 4 going for a walk in Central visit if you like. Park with me? Rondik Thanks. That would be very useful. 5 keep an afternoon free for Susie Right. seeing the sights of New York? Rondik Just a moment … OK, I’m ready now. Rondik And I wonder if I could ask you one or two questions. 4 GRAMMAR: tag questions Susie Complete Kate’s tag questions. Rondik Well, first of all, how can I find out 1 The conference starts tomorrow, doesn’t it? what’s happening in New York. 2 You aren’t giving your presentation tomorrow, Susie Oh, I suggest you buy a magazine are you? called Time Out. It tells you everything. 3
9780230727618 Sunrise 12 AB 06.indd 3 25/02/2011 10:25
1 lessons to n e w yo r k They wanted a better life. 3&4
1 GRAMMAR: comparative and the world, but they also work and play (6) (hard). About safety? Well, superlative forms New York used to be very dangerous, but not now. A Complete this part of an interview with Apart from Tokyo, I’d say it’s (7) Helen. Use comparative forms. (safe) city I’ve ever known.’ ‘I come from a little town called Grass Valley out west in Oregon. Life there couldn’t be 2 VOCABULARY: grammatical pairs (1) more different from A Find verbs and nouns from the text on SB (different from) the way it is page 6 to complete the pairs. here. For a start, everything is (2) verb noun noun noun (a lot quiet) there, and life is 1 act action (thing) (person) (3) 2 live 1 activity actor (much busy than) it is here in New York. 3 entrance 2 immigration People are also (4) 4 build 3 artist (a lot friendly than) they are here. You see, 4 visit 5 attract they take the time to talk to you and get to know 5 tour you (5) (much well than) people do here. Here, life is just a race against time, day and night! And I have to say B Use grammatical pairs from A to complete the most people back in Grass Valley seem following. Change the form where necessary. (6) (a lot happy than) people do here. I’d love to go back, but sadly 1 At drama school, young actors do all there’s (7) (much little sorts of strange activities and exercises work than) there is here in New York. So … I have to help them learn to act well. to live in New York, but home for me will always 2 When first start to explore be Grass Valley.’ New York, they often choose to ‘get the feel’ of the city by taking a bus . B Complete this part of an interview with Josh. 3 Old Tom has in a small house Use superlative forms. on Staten Island all his . 4 New York is a great home to music, painting ‘I’ve lived in some of and all the other . You can see (1) the biggest (big) cities the work of thousands of in in the world, but for me there’s museums and many other places around the nowhere else like New York. city. It’s simply (2) 5 That office is quite new. It (exciting) city on Earth, with was just four years ago. many of (3) (good) theatres and music and 6 When crime first got very bad, the police did fashion events you’ll ever find not quickly enough to stop anywhere. It’s not perfect, of course. For example, it. But later, their gradually it’s probably one of made the city a much safer place. (4) (noisy) places in the world! 7 In recent years, has continued And the people here? Well, they certainly talk and more and more have (5) (loud) of anyone anywhere in been coming from Asia.
9780230727618 Sunrise 12 AB 06.indd 4 25/02/2011 10:25
1 lessons 3&4
8 Broadway’s theatres I (7) (you ever want) to go
thousands of visitors every day, and New York’s back to Tokyo or Berlin? museums are a big , too. J Not really. I (8) (start) to feel 9 This year, there have been more that New York is my real home. And it really is to New York than ever, and now as I (9) (just buy) my more and more of them are coming on holiday own apartment. It has a wonderful view over . Central Park, and I (10) 10 The theatre audience goes in through the (never feel) so happy anywhere else in my life! beautiful main , but the actors B Complete this part of an interview with through a small door at the Helen. Use the present perfect or the present side of the building. perfect continuous. (Use the continuous tense where both are possible.) 3 VOCABULARY: phrasal verbs with take A Add another phrasal verb from the text on I How long (1) have you been (you be) in New SB page 6. York now? H I (2) (live) here away for nearly two months. take off I (3) (you manage) out to find your own apartment yet? H No, not yet. I (4) (stay) with an old college friend. B Use phrasal verbs from A to complete the I What about work? (5) following. (be able) to get a job yet? 1 The plane at 7.00 and climbed H Yes, I (6) (work) to 10,500 metres. for a publisher ever since I arrived. 2 I went to the bank and some C Complete the statements about Helen and money. Josh. Use the past simple or past perfect. Use 3 When Kak Eissa the company the past perfect where both are possible. next year, he will make some big changes. About Helen: 4 It’s dangerous to let little Dara play with that 1 Until Helen went (go) to college in knife. I’m going to it San Francisco, California, she from him. (never travel) very far from home. 2 She (choose) to study there 4 GRAMMAR: past simple and perfect because she (always tenses want) to experience life in California. A Complete this part of an interview with Josh. 3 After she (decide) to work in Use the past simple or the present perfect. publishing, she (also decide) (Interviewer = I, Josh = J). to move to New York, the most important I When (1) did you move (you move) to New centre of the publishing industry in America. York? About Josh: J I (2) (get) here the year before 4 By the time Josh (reach) last. I (3) (be) here for exactly the age of 18, he two years and two months. (already live) in several different countries, and I Where (4) (you live) before he (also be) to seven that? different schools. He and his younger sister J I (5) (be) in Tokyo, and before (have to) do this because his that I (6) (spend) three years father worked for an international company. in Berlin. 5
9780230727618 Sunrise 12 AB 06.indd 5 25/02/2011 10:25
1 lessons to n e w yo r k Finding out about people 5&6
1 WRITING SKILLS A Write the following as a conversation. Add the correct punctuation – capital letters, commas, apostrophes, full stops, question marks and exclamation marks.
soon after azad arrived in america he called miss reilly hello she said and she asked about his journey it all went very well thanks to you he replied I arrived last night good she said and the conference starts tomorrow doesnt it yes azad answered and im preparing now but you arent giving your presentation tomorrow are you his teacher said no azad agreed thats on tuesday but he went on theres lots of information to read well yes miss reilly replied but you dont want to miss the chance to see new york do you what about going over to central park later on she suggested good idea azad agreed
B Look at the first part of the conversation on SB page 5 to check most of your punctuation. Look at the Reference Section page 105 to check the quotation marks.
2 WRITING A Collect information about Azad from different parts of Unit 1 in your Student’s Book to complete the Conference Members’ Form at the top of the next page.
B You are the conference organizer who will introduce Azad before he gives his presentation. Use information from the first part of the completed Conference Members’ Form to write a short paragraph. Start like this. Hello, everyone, and thank you for coming to this presentation, which is on Kurdistan in northern Iraq. I’d like you to welcome our speaker, Mr (full name) . He is from (place) , and he is a (number) -grade student of (subject) at (university/school) . I am sure he has a lot to tell us about his part of the world that will be very interesting. And the title of his presentation today is ‘ ’.
9780230727618 Sunrise 12 AB 06.indd 6 25/02/2011 10:26
1 lessons 5&6
CONFERENCE MEMBERS’ FORM
Please note that all conference members MUST complete this form and return it to the Conference Office (Room 101) by 10 a.m. on Monday. Name: Family First Title: Mr Ms Other Nationality: University / School: Year / Grade: Main subject(s) Presentation title: Day of presentation: Time: New York address: Telephone / Email:
3 UNIT TASK A Complete your own conference form. 1 Complete the personal details. 2 Make up your own presentation details and add these to the form. (Your presentation must be related to Kurdistan.) 3 Choose your hostel from the ones in your Student’s Book page 9, Unit Task. Add the address and phone number to the form.
CONFERENCE MEMBERS’ FORM
Please note that all conference members MUST complete this form and return it to the Conference Office (Room 101) by 10 a.m. on Monday. Name: Family First Title: Mr Ms Other Nationality: University / School: Year / Grade: Main subject(s) Presentation title: Day of presentation: Time: New York address: Telephone / Email:
B Take the part of the conference organizer who will introduce you before you give your presentation. Use information from the first part of the form above to write a short paragraph. Start as in 2B (the paragraph about Azad). Hello, everyone, and thank you for coming to this presentation, which is going to be on Kurdistan in northern Iraq. I’d like you to welcome our speaker,
9780230727618 Sunrise 12 AB 06.indd 7 25/02/2011 10:26
Language Focus 1 UNIT LANGUAGE AND FUNCTIONS REVIEW A Study the map and write directions for Azad. The Big Apple Hostel
Post Office
Azad
Azad Excuse me, but could you tell me the way to The Big Apple Hostel, please? New Yorker Sure. First,
B You and four friends are thinking of things to do together on Friday. Write everyone’s names and suggestions. Use different ways of making suggestions. You
C Compare yourself with some of your friends. Write one comparative and one superlative form for each of the following. 1 tall
2 artistic
3 play (game) well
D Write things that you would like to tell a new friend about yourself. 1 Something special that you did at a young age: When I ,I 2 Something special that you have just recently done: Just recently, I 3 Something that you have been learning / trying to do for a long time: For the last ,I 8
9780230727618 Sunrise 12 AB 06.indd 8 25/02/2011 10:26
Language FoCUS
2 UNIT VOCABULARY REVIEW
Complete the puzzle with 13 of these new words. (Change the form if necessary.) Find and write a short question for number 14. Find a similar question in the conversation on SB page 5.
arrange crime district fashion found law liberty mile passport publishing recover security shine suitcase treble visa woods youth
1 The … of today have many more chances in life 1 6 11 12 13
than their parents did. 2 5 7 9 10
2 There have been economic problems, but things 4
are improving. The economy will soon … . 8 3 These … are ancient: some of the trees are 600 14 3 years old. 4 Tom, you can’t drive your dad’s car on the road. You’re too young, so it’s against the … . 5 If you want to visit China, you have to get a … in your passport before you go. 6 How many … is it from here to the next town? 7 I put all my clothes for the trip in this … 11 The … officer was checking everyone’s bags. 8 The rain has stopped, and the sun has started to … . 12 … in clothing change a lot. For example, soft colours 9 Most people want to have the … to do what they want were popular last year, but now everyone is wearing when they want. bright reds and yellows and blues. 10 Other areas of the country are very flat, but there are a 13 Before you can travel abroad, you’ll have to get a … . lot of hills in this … . 14
3 TO HELP YOU STUDY
Practise using the Reference Section to find answers to language problems. A Use the Grade 12 Alphabetical Wordlist to answer the following questions. 1 What does revitalization mean in Kurdish? 2 How is ou pronounced in the following words? Copy the different phonetic spellings of ou. a) drought b) shoulder bag c) trouble d) various e) youth 3 Is the word state shown as a verb, noun or both? 4 What abbreviation is shown for telecommunications? 5 What verbs are shown to go before used to? , 6 What preposition often follows the connector In addition?
B Look up Understanding Words to complete the following statements.
1 We put prefixes at the of words, and we put suffixes at the . 2 The prefix micro~ means , and it is used in Grade 12 in the word . 3 We use the prefix to form the opposite of possible, and for the opposite of complete. 4 The suffixes we use to turn the verb invent into a) a ‘thing’ noun and b) a ‘person’ noun are a) and b) . The nouns are a) and b) . 5 Add the correct suffixes to the word interest to complete this statement correctly. If you’re in wildlife, there’s a very documentary on lions at 7.00. 9
9780230727618 Sunrise 12 AB 06.indd 9 25/02/2011 10:26
2 lessons getting organized Don’t you have to revise? 1&2
1 VOCABULARY: ‘time’ documents
A Complete the names of the time documents. Try to complete the spellings correctly from memory. Then turn to SB page 12 to check your work. 1 Where should I put the new office c e r? // On that wall, please. Then everyone can see it. 2 Zara writes a daily d r of everything she does, but I just use mine to note things I have to do. 3 We’ve only got a week to finish the project, so we need to work out a very clear work s ed . 4 This year’s school t t l looks less busy than last year’s, but that’s because we’ve got several periods of ‘private study’ when we can revise for our exams.
B Write your school timetable in English. Here
is a list of school subject names you already know. If you have any subjects that are not included, ask your teacher for help.
Arabic Art Biology Chemistry Economics English Geography (General) Science History IT Kurdish Maths Religious Education Sociology Sports
Period Time Saturday
1st
10
9780230727618 Sunrise 12 AB 06.indd 10 25/02/2011 10:26
2 lessons 1&2
2 GRAMMAR: prepositions of time
Add the correct prepositions, along with true information about yourself. 1 I was born at (time) (day and date). 2 I went to my first school, (school name), (year, year). 3 those years, I learned to , and the time I finished there, I could quite well. 4 I continued at that school I was (age). Then, (year), I moved to (school name).
3 GRAMMAR: negative questions
Complete appropriate negative questions for these situations. Use the words in brackets. 1 You see two young children who are playing in the street during school hours. Shouldn’t you be at school? (should be) 2 Your little brother is late for training at the football club, which starts at 5.00. at football training by 5.00? (have to be) 3 A girl at school called Chinar has spoken nastily to your good friend Rondik but does not see that she has done anything bad. Listen, Chinar! that Rondik is really upset? (understand) 4 You think that Chinar should ‘put things right’ with Rondik. and say sorry to Rondik? (can go) 5 Chinar replies to you. She says ‘sorry’, but she tries to say that she did not mean the things she said to Rondik. She says: I’m sorry, but that I wasn’t serious? (Rondik realize) 6 Your little sister has been playing with your CD player and she has damaged it. Oh, no! my CD player alone? (why can leave) 7 You are talking about a friend who has just kicked a football through a neighbour’s window – for the third time! I can’t believe it! his football and play somewhere safe like the park? (why take)
4 LANGUAGE FOR LIFE
Complete appropriately with two possible expressions for each dialogue. Then practise.
But listen, … If you’re not careful, … If you go on like this, … Sorry, but …
1 A I love burgers! I had five for lunch!
B / you’re going to get really fat! 2 A I’m going out now to meet my friends. B / you said you were ill this morning and you couldn’t go to school! A Ah, yes, but I’m feeling much better now!
11
9780230727618 Sunrise 12 AB 06.indd 11 25/02/2011 10:26
2 lessons getting organized What will you be doing in a year 3&4 from now? 1 VOCABULARY: verb-noun pairs A Find verbs from the text on SB page 14 to complete the pairs.
verb noun 1 organize organization 2 development R4 3 decision (how many people (jump)) 4 waste MW Thirty-three of us will all be jumping together. B Now use grammatical pairs from A to R5 complete the following. Change the form ((try) to hold hands as you fall) where necessary. MW Yes, we will be trying to form a large ring. 1 Has Dara which job to R6 take? // No, he’s still trying to make his (how long (stay) together like that) . MW For as long as possible – until we have to 2 It’s a of time to sit here doing move away from each other and prepare to nothing, and I hate time! land. 3 A university is a large , and to work efficiently it has to its 3 GRAMMAR: too; (not) enough activities well. Hank (H) and his Dad 4 Kurdistan wants economic , (D) are taking a holiday and with its many new projects it is in Paris. Use the words fast. in brackets to write Dad’s replies. Add too 2 GRAMMAR: future continuous or not … enough. Mark Wilde is talking to TV and newspaper 1 At the airport reporters about his plans for a big team ‘sky dive’. H Look! I’ve bought all these guidebooks to read Write the reporters’ questions for his answers. on the plane to Paris! Use the words in brackets. D Oh, no! There are far too many to R1 When will you be doing your jump? carry! (there (be) far / many (carry)) (when (do) your jump) H Don’t worry. They’ll be fine. MW We will be doing it at this time tomorrow – D But we don’t have enough time to if the weather is good. read them all. (we (not have) / time (read) R2 them all) (how high (go)) H Well, you can read half of them and I’ll read the MW We will be going up to a height of 50,000 other half! feet. 2 The first day in Paris R3 H Let’s walk round the city all day today. (where (do) your jump) D Sorry. MW We will be doing it near Cape Canaveral, (I (be) / tired (do) that) Florida. H Oh, come on, Dad! 12
9780230727618 Sunrise 12 AB 06.indd 12 25/02/2011 10:26
2 lessons 3&4
D No. D No, I think
(I (not have) / energy (walk) all day) (that (be) / much (try and do)) H Well, let’s just walk for an hour or two. H I’m sure we can do it if we start now. 3 That evening D No, H Why don’t we have lunch at the five-star (there (not be) / time (do) both) Restaurant Fantastique? H Well, let’s just try! D No, no, no! D Oh, all right then. (we (not be) rich / (do) that) 5 On the way home H Yes, but it’s a special day – your birthday! D Thanks for pushing me, Hank. If you hadn’t D But been with me, all those things we did together (we (not have) / money (eat) there) H Don’t worry about that, Dad. Enjoy yourself! ((be) / much for me (do)) 4 The next day (I (not have) / energy (do) them alone) H What about going on the river and then up the Eiffel Tower this afternoon?
4 VOCABULARY: networks Use the following words to create a network about Kurdistan. First, create these three sections: culture economy geography. Then add these words: climate construction development farming festivals food language location mountains music oil population rivers trade & transport traditional design
festivals
culture
KURDISTAN
5 Use the network to plan an essay.
Imagine that you have to write an essay about one of these three ‘faces’ of Kurdistan. Choose one, and then choose three of the five topics that you have listed. Next, mention particular points that you would make. Start your plan like this and then continue. I would like to write about the geography of Kurdistan. First, I would write a paragraph about its location , and I would say something about its neighbours – the rest of Iraq, Iran, Turkey and Syria . Next, I would write a paragraph about , and I would say something about . Then, I would write a paragraph about .
13
9780230727618 Sunrise 12 AB 06.indd 13 25/02/2011 10:26
Azad’s first suggestion: Meet on at Stella’s problem: Extra university lecture at Stella’s suggestion instead: Meet on Azad’s problem: Has to speak for at Stella’s suggestion after that: Meet on at Where they plan to go: and
B Turn the notes into Azad’s email report to Kate Reilly. (He wrote it just after the conversation.) First, I suggested meeting on at 3.00, but Stella had a problem with that because she has to
2 LANGUAGE FOR LIFE
First, order the useful telephone expressions. Then complete the dialogue with them, adding capital letters and punctuation. Check your work in SB page 17 Activity C.
you / for / phone please / it / what / is / name help / how / you / I / may moment / you / for / could / hold / a him / you / me / through / put / to / could
Receptionist Big Apple Hostel.
Stella Oh, hi. I’d like to speak to a guest, please. His name is Azad Qadir.
14
9780230727618 Sunrise 12 AB 06.indd 14 25/02/2011 10:26
2 lessons 5&6
Receptionist I’m afraid we don’t have phones in the guests’ rooms. But wait, I know the person you mean, and I can see him now in the entrance hall. Stella Oh, great! Receptionist Stella Of course. Receptionist I’ll call him over to the phone … Er, Stella Stella Farrant. Receptionist Mr Qadir! Mr Qadir!
3 WRITING A Take the part of Dr Dale and write a short report about Layla. Use material from SB page 13 and page 17 to write a paragraph. Start like this. Steve is right to tell Layla that she is too anxious. If she goes on like this, she may burn out , just as Steve says. She therefore needs to do one or two things differently. For example, I really think that she . I also think
B Continue with a paragraph about Steve. Start like this.
However, Layla is correct to tell Steve that . If he is not careful, exactly as Layla says. As a result, he needs to . For example,
4 UNIT TASK Write a paragraph about yourself and Dr Dale’s ideas. Start like this.
I was very interested to read Dr Dale’s ideas about getting organized. She offers a number of tips that are very useful, including things that I have not thought about before. On the positive side, I feel that I already do some of these things . For example, I . I also . However, it is also true that I
15
9780230727618 Sunrise 12 AB 06.indd 15 25/02/2011 10:26
Language Focus 1 UNIT LANGUAGE AND FUNCTIONS 2 UNIT VOCABULARY REVIEW REVIEW A Use the letters in brackets to produce the Complete Dr Dale’s page in Student Today words for the definitions. Magazine. Fill the gaps with language that you complete 1 : (v) to finish, e.g. a piece of have met in Unit 2. Use the words in the box. work (meltcope) during enough time to for too long 2 : (n) an important thing that from isn’t there need must be done before other things (yoritrip) should to too much time 3 : (n) an amount of time, e.g. why not will be getting will be having the length of a school lesson (rediop) 4 : (v) to use materials again, YOUR QUESTIONS often to make something different (yelcrec) ANSWERED 5 : (n) problems, worries or Useful advice for things that are difficult (tourleb) students 6 : (v) succeed in doing By Dr Sally Dale something difficult (acehive)
Q Dear Dr Sally, 7 : (n) a plan of activities or events and when they will happen (heedlucs) I have just been accepted to study engineering at 8 : (n) the scientific study of my first-choice college. Of course, I am very pleased heat, light and other forms of energy and how about that, and I keep telling myself that this time they move or change objects (scyphis) next year I (1) a great time. 9 : (n) a printed piece of paper However, that means studying (2) that is free and that gives information about the age of five (3) the age of 24 something (felteal) without a break! I feel I’ve been spending (4) with books 10 : (n) one of the two periods (5) . And I don’t of about 18 weeks that the school year think I’ve had (6) consists of in some countries (stemseer) develop as a person. So I keep wanting to do 11 : (n) a meeting or a class something else for a while. (7) where a small group of people discuss a something I can do about this? subject (minesar) Ann Rees (18) 12 : (n) the study of social
A matters, the way that human beings organize
Dear Ann, themselves as a group and the way they act towards each other (yooliscog) Yes, there is something: you (8) consider taking a ‘gap’ year – a year away from education before you continue. Of course, you will B C heck your work in A. Find the words you (9) to ask your college to hold produced in this list of important new your place for a year, but they will probably be very words. happy to agree. Then, (10) that year, you can do a practical job and get experience achieve anxious biology burn out in the real world of work. For example, you could bus stop chemistry complete document join an organization that helps build things like leaflet lecture outline period physics bridges and schools in places such as Africa and S.E. priority recycle relaxed research Asia. If you do that, you (11) receptionist revision schedule semester valuable engineering experience as well as a break seminar sociology trouble from studying. (12) contact your college about this today?! 16
9780230727618 Sunrise 12 AB 06.indd 16 25/02/2011 10:26
Language FoCUS
3 TO HELP YOU STUDY D You already know all the nouns and adjectives in this table. Add the missing ones A You already know the words in these tables. and then the adverbs. To complete the tables, add endings to form new words that you have met in Grade 12, noun adjective adverb Units 1 and 2. 1 beauty beautiful beautifully verb noun 2 difference 1 plan 3 environmental 2 practise 4 fashionable 3 protect 5 personal 4 publish 6 safety 5 revise E Use sets of words from D to complete the noun noun following. Change the form where necessary. 1 bank 1 A I heard about the fire. Are you and little 2 chemist Nian ? 3 immigrant B Yes, we all got out , Mum. 4 presenter But we’ve lost everything. 5 wood C That’s not important. Your is the only really important thing. B Check your work in the Grade 12 2 A Here are Dlovan Gharib’s Alphabetical Wordlist. details. B Thanks, but tell me, what sort of C Use pairs of words from A to complete the is he? following. Change the form where necessary. A Speaking , I think he’s the 1 The US population was just a few million in right man for the job, but you should decide 1800, but rose rapidly during for yourself when you interview him. the following century and 3 A Have you noticed any now started coming from many other parts of the that Layla has been away at university for a world. year? 2 How often do you your B Oh, yes! She thinks and talks very singing? // I go to singing now. She’s really a three times a week. person! 3 We used to go into the to find trees that had fallen and bring back for our fire. 4 My uncle works for a , and my cousin hopes to get a job in , too. 5 Why have you written TRAVEL on your for next summer? / Because I’m to travel round the world then! 6 I’m going to do some for our history test tonight, and then I’m going to for our biology test tomorrow night.
17
9780230727618 Sunrise 12 AB 06.indd 17 25/02/2011 10:26
3 lessons s av i n g t h e p a s t f o r t h e f u t u r e People may have lived here. 1&2
1 VOCABULARY Dimensions A Complete the tables with words adjective high long from the box. noun width depth area circular deep distance Shapes height length measure rectangular square triangle noun rectangle circle volume weight wide adjective square triangular
Other ways of measuring
e.g. metres (m) e.g. feet verb weigh kilometres (km) miles noun measurement e.g. square e.g. square feet B In Grade 9, you learned a little metres (m2) (sq ft) about Alexandria’s Pharos e.g. cubic metres e.g. cubic feet lighthouse. Here is more. Use words (m3) (cu ft) from the tables to complete the text. For 1,500 years, Pharos, the world’s first lighthouse, stood on a small island at the entrance to the important Egyptian port of Alexandria. 8m With its great (1) height of about 130 metres above sea level, it became one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World (along with the Pyramid of Khufu near Cairo). 30 m
Ships could see the light of Pharos from a (2) of
130 m
30 miles or more. By day, it came from a mirror that shone the light of the sun across the sea. By night, it came from a huge fire. 60 m
The base of Pharos covered most of the island and probably had an (3) of roughly 10,000 m2. Rising from this, the main structure of the lighthouse consisted of three different parts. The first was (4) in shape. It seems that each side 100 m was about 35m (5) and was approximately 60m (6) . On top of this, the second part had eight sides, and it probably had a (7) of roughly 30m. The top part was (8) in shape and above that probably stood a statue of *Poseidon. Pharos guided ships to safety for many years, but earthquakes gradually destroyed it. Since 1994, over 2,000 ancient stones, columns and statues have been discovered on the seabed at a (9) of about seven metres, and it is believed that many of them were once part of Pharos. One huge column has a (10) of nearly 29.7m. There is also a line of over 20 huge blocks of stone, some over 11m (11) , with a (12) of around 29.7 m 35m3 and a (13) of 11.3 m 2m as much as 75 tonnes. 1.5 m *Poseidon: the Greek god of water and the sea, also the bringer of earthquakes
18
9780230727618 Sunrise 12 AB 06.indd 18 25/02/2011 10:26
3 lessons 1&2
2 GRAMMAR: Active and passive; by + agent
Put the following into the passive. Use by + agent only when it is important to do so. Alexandria and Pharos Alexander the Great founded Alexandria over 2,300 years ago, and his people built this great new port on the coast near the mouth of the River Nile. Under the new king, Ptolemy I, they designed many fine buildings for this new capital of Egypt. Then they began the construction of the most famous of them all – the Pharos lighthouse. Ptolemy I’s son, Ptolemy II, finished the project 12 years later. From that time, its light guided visitors safely into the port, day and night. Although earthquakes destroyed it long ago, and no one has seen it for 700 years, people still remember it as one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World.
3 GRAMMAR: expressing certainty and possibility – past and present
Use the verb in brackets and suitable forms from the table to complete the following.
certain possible present *must/can’t be (doing) may/might/could be (doing) past must have (done) may/might/could have (done) can’t/couldn’t have (done) *Before you start, read about must and can’t for certainty in Language Focus Lesson 2 on SB page 26. Pharos, past and present No one knows for sure the height of Pharos, but it (1) must have been (be: certain) about 130 metres. And as one of the tallest structures in the world at that time, it (2) (amaze: certain) everyone who saw it. Sadly, a long series of earthquakes between 320 and 1303 gradually destroyed it. It seems that an earthquake in 796 (3) (damage: possible) the top part quite badly. However, it (4) (not collapse: certain) because the famous writer Idrisi tells us that it was still working when he visited in 1115. However, there (5) (be: possible) some major problems because Salah al-Din, the great Kurdish leader of the Muslim World and ruler of Egypt, began repair work in 1272. Sadly, soon afterwards, a huge earthquake in 1303 sent almost the whole structure to the bottom of the sea. Since 1994, around 2,250 large pieces of stone have been found on the seabed, and many of these (6) (be: certain) the remains of Pharos. The experts say that there (7) (also be: possible) about 500 more blocks, statues and columns down there which still have to be found. The hope is that with much careful study, all these pieces will tell us more clearly what the whole structure (8) (look: certain) like when the Ptolemies were the rulers of Egypt. 19
9780230727618 Sunrise 12 AB 06.indd 19 25/02/2011 10:26
3 lessons s av i n g t h e p a s t f o r t h e f u t u r e Plans are now being carried out. 3&4
1 VOCABULARY A Use word formation patterns to recognize new word forms (in italics) that are grammatically 1 archaeology archaeologist archaeological related to words you know. Add 2 biology biologist biological these grammatical forms to the 3 technology technologist technological table heading: adjective, noun (person), noun (thing).
B Look at the first four lines of the tables below. Then complete line 1 of each table with words from the text on SB page 22.
C You can even use these patterns to work out worked – and even sometimes died – to make the probable forms of words you have never its possible. met. Complete lines 5–7 of each table in B. (But note: be careful when you do this. 2 GRAMMAR: the passive – mixed tenses English often breaks its own patterns, so always check your ideas in a dictionary. ) An old Erbil Citadel building is being repaired and made ready for its new use as a craft workshop D Use words from A–C to complete the with a craft shop and café. A city planning officer following. is visiting the site today, 8th November, and she is asking about the work programme. 1 Haval always loved looking at plants and animals when he was small. Now, is his best subject at school, and he wants to study at university to become a . 2 The ancient city was at the southern end of the lake, and you can easily see its exact from the large mound that still stands there. 3 Have for the project started yet? // Yes, we’re to start work next month. 4 The Great Pyramid of Khufu took over 20 years to , and thousands of men 20
9780230727618 Sunrise 12 AB 06.indd 20 25/02/2011 10:26
3 lessons 3&4
Study the work schedule and answer her questions. Use the Job Work sch present continuous passive, the passive with going to and edule Schedule other tenses necessary to give information about dates. Repair ro of. (Oct–Dec ) Complete d? Build wo 1–19/10 rkshop a 3 1 Q Have the electrics been changed yet? Deliver n ew doors rea. 15– 27/10 Change e . 24/10 3 A No, they haven’t, but they’re being changed now. Paint all lectrics. 29/10–9/1 3 walls. 1 They’re going to be finished tomorrow. Construc tw 5 /11–16/1 shelves & orkshop 8/11– 1 2 Q When is the workshop area going to be built? Plant café tables. 16/11 garden. A It’s already been built. It was finished on 27th October. Set up w ork 19/11–30 /11 café equip shop & 21/11–30 ment. /11 3 Q Is the café garden being planted now? Wash & c lean who building le 3–6 /12 A No, it isn’t, but it’s going to be planted soon. .
It’s going to be finished on 30th November.
4 Q When is the roof going to be repaired? A 5 Q Is the workshop and café equipment being set up now? A 6 Q Have the workshop shelves and tables been constructed yet? A 7 Q When are the new doors going to be delivered? A 8 Q Have all the walls been painted yet? A 9 Q Is the whole building being washed and cleaned now? A
3 GRAMMAR: It is said / thought / believed that …
A Change the start to It is … and order the other words below to write statements about the pictures of British history and old stories. say a lake in northern Scotland. / lives in Loch Ness, / an ancient monster People think that was buried / in central England. / deep in this mound / an ancient king believe be able to walk / from Britain to Germany / on dry land / all the way / people used to 1 2 3
It is
B Write a similar statement about Kurdish history or an old Kurdish story.
21
9780230727618 Sunrise 12 AB 06.indd 21 25/02/2011 10:26
3 lessons s av i n g t h e p a s t f o r t h e f u t u r e Making a presentation 5&6
1 WRITING A Complete the exhibit notes. Choose words from the following. China made across Egypt produced along India sold all along Persia taken from The Silk Road traded in Central Asia used to the East the West
Items for the Silk Road Exhibition
Exhibit 137 Precious stones: Produced in
Exhibit 138 Stones like these were often traded in and in
Exhibit 139 Exhibit 140
B Note extra information about the coin. (If necessary, listen to CD Track 11 Part 3 again.) Coin produced during time of Kublai Khan, Mongol from - Shows that
22
9780230727618 Sunrise 12 AB 06.indd 22 25/02/2011 10:26
3 lessons 5&6
2 WRITING A Describe the movement of technologies and religions between the East and the West. Work from memory. Write E-W (from east to west) or W-E (from west to east). How inventions, crafts and religions travelled Inventions and crafts: Religions: 1 fireworks E-W 6 Islam 2 glass-making 7 Christianity 3 paper-making 8 Buddhism 4 rug-making 5 printing
B Write a summary statement. List things that moved from east to west and from west to east. Things that moved from east to west included , and
3 UNIT TASK In Lesson 3 you spoke about old buildings or ancient sites that need to be investigated and/or protected. There are thousands of places like these in Iraqi Kurdistan. Most have not been investigated, and many are believed to be very ancient.
Write a short, formal presentation to UNESCO about one of them. Do the following: • Complete the statement about the report. • Introduce the place this report is about and where it is. Explain why it is special. • Give a description of the place as it now appears. • Say what may be discovered if it is investigated and what may happen if it is not protected.
Start like this:
Report on and the need to The aim of this short report is to present a description of , to explain why it is special, to describe the place as it now is, and to show the need for its urgent investigation and protection. This place is
As it now appears,
Here in Kurdistan, we believe that
urgently needs to be investigated and protected. If
23
9780230727618 Sunrise 12 AB 06.indd 23 25/02/2011 10:26
Language Focus 1 GRAMMAR AND FUNCTIONS A Complete the following paragraphs from a newspaper report. Put the verbs in brackets into suitable forms of the passive.
ANCIENT JEWELLERY FOUND ON SEABED
During the last three months, hundreds of ancient pieces of gold and silver jewellery (1) have been found (find) on the seabed just a kilometre from the south-east coast of England. Nothing remains of the boat that was carrying them, but (2) it is thought (it / think) that it was on its way to what is now Germany. The search is continuing, and it (3) (carry out) by a group of friends who are professional divers, not archaeologists. However, their finds (4) (send) straight to a team of archaeologists in London, and they are creating great interest there. The London team’s leader, Dr Alan Rose says, ‘These objects are nearly 2,500 years old, and they (5) (make) by people who were real artists in metal. And another very important thing: before this, (6) (it / think) that sea trade did not develop until much later. These finds mean that the history of sea trade in northern Europe must now (7) (write) again.’ A full report (8) (publish) as soon as possible. A TV documentary (9) (also make) during the next month. (10) (it / hope) that this will be ready to broadcast before the end of the year.
B Complete the following paragraphs with modal verbs to express certainty and possibility.
No one knows for sure, but the ancient boat that was carrying the jewellery (1) may / might / could have been (be: possible) up to ten metres long. And archaeologists now believe that boats like this (2) (sail: possible) regularly and quite safely across the open sea. So what happened to this boat? Dr Rose feels that there (3) (be: certain) a very sudden storm and, as a result, the boat (4) (not have: certain) time to escape to safety before it was destroyed by the wind and waves. And did the sailors and merchants on the boat escape? Dr Rose thinks that one or two of them (5) (swim: possible) to the coast but, sadly, he believes that in a storm as bad as this most (6) (not survive: certain).
2 VOCABULARY A Find and circle 20 of these new words in the box on page 25.
bury circular coin college craft delicious dimension dramatic glad government heart invention measure provide religion shape square structure technique treasure triangular urgent volume
24
9780230727618 Sunrise 12 AB 06.indd 24 25/02/2011 10:26
Language FoCUS
j g l a d e t r i a n g u l a r z v s l n p m b e s m t e j f c d n g a l g t b u h s f e r e l i g i o n a e c s o q t r j q k h f r v u m o v y i t i w v t r g a u i e g t e c h n i q u e r t e i e e n a l a d n i b t l u h o o c j r u a n o r b r r d r a m a t i c h u p n x s t c e m t y i x u r j g m p a l o m g u q o a e w d i m e n s i o n j a y e u r l l t a v s e y w f s t o b u r g n g e h l f s r h l b u r y l h p t r e t f k c e k u t a i s y n i d e l i c i o u s x g f r l p h c o i n i l c a y e d s a j e w e k e c r a f t e p r o v i d e v
B Now use words from the box to complete the following. Change the form where necessary. 1 Thank you for a wonderful meal. It was ! 2 The ancient city covers an area of 2.5 kilometres. 3 Islam, Christianity and Buddhism are all that were spread by the Silk Road. 4 I suddenly saw a bright light in the night sky, and it was triangular in . 5 We do not yet know what secrets are deep in the ground.
3 TO HELP YOU STUDY
Some languages are spelt phonetically: they are spelt the way they sound. However, English spelling is more complicated, and this means it is very important to use your dictionary and the phonetic alphabet. There are basic pronunciation and spelling rules, but sounds are often spelt in other ways, too. For example, you have studied the sounds of s in Unit 3 – /s/ and /z/ as in studios – but there are also words with different pronunciations of s or ss, e.g. sure /ʃɔː(r)/ and unusual /ʌnˈjuːʒʊəl/.
A Copy the phonetic spellings of these words from the Grade 12 Alphabetical Wordlist. Then practise pronouncing them. commission / / dimension / / measurement / / treasure / /
You know the usual pronunciations of c – /s/ and /k/ as in circular – but there are also words with different pronunciations of c, e.g. ancient /ˈeɪnʃ(ə)nt/ and precious /ˈpreʃəs/. B Copy the phonetic spellings of these words from the Grade 12 Alphabetical Wordlist. Then practise pronouncing them. delicious / / efficient / / specialize / /
You know the usual pronunciation of ch – /tʃ/ as in merchant – but there are also words with different pronunciations of ch, e.g. machine /məˈʃiːn/ and school /skuːl/. C Copy the phonetic spellings of these words from the Grade 12 Alphabetical Wordlist. Then practise pronouncing them. archaeologist / / architecture / / technique / /
25
9780230727618 Sunrise 12 AB 06.indd 25 25/02/2011 10:26
4 lessons revision It couldn’t have gone better! 1&2
Choose prepositions from the boxes to 1 actor complete the story of Azad’s visit to New York. 2 presenter 3 organization at for from in on to to 4 tour 5 officer Azad flew (1) New York (2) the noun adjective Youth Conference (3) 1 young Manhattan, which continued 2 educational all week (4) Monday (5) Friday. His 3 centre presentation was (6) 4 business 2.00 p.m. (7) Tuesday. 5 day
B Complete the pairs with an ~ing and an ~ed
adjective from the text on SB page 28. Then add three more ~ing/~ed pairs that you for in of about past already know. until up with adjective adjective The following day, he also took part (9) 1 interesting a discussion (10) Middle East resources, 2 amazed and he spoke (11) Iraq. Because he was 3 very busy, he had to wait (12) Thursday 4 to go out (13) Stella to do 5 some sight-seeing. They sailed (14) the Statue (15) Liberty, and they also went C Use grammatical pairs from A–B to (16) the Empire State Building and saw complete the following. Change the form the city lights. where necessary. 1 The New York Times is a 2 VOCABULARY: grammatical pairs newspaper, and you will find it in the shops A Find verbs, nouns and adjectives from the every , early in the morning. text on SB page 28 to complete the pairs. 2 International leaders are meeting to verb noun the problems of climate change. However, they do not agree about very 1 speak much, and their are going to 2 develop take a long time. 3 discussion 3 If you are a in New York, 4 preparation there are lots of different sight-seeing 5 see that you can join to see the city. 4 Are you in this programme? // No, it isn’t very . Let’s turn off the TV. 26
9780230727618 Sunrise 12 AB 06.indd 26 25/02/2011 10:26
4 lessons 1&2
3 VOCABULARY: words in context 1 forget about work this
evening? Choose the right word to complete each statement. Change the form where necessary. 2 go out to see a film instead. 3 seeing the new George 1 When Tara heard the noise outside, she Clooney film? speaking and turned 4 we meet at the cinema at 7.00. around. (end / stop) 2 Tara her talk by saying, 5 GRAMMAR: comparative and ‘That’s all I have to say. Thanks for listening.’ superlative forms (end / stop) After the conference, Azad hopes to visit a cousin 3 The new leader of the government gave a in Cleveland, Ohio. great that made the whole Compare different forms of transport for him: country feel he was the right man for the job. a) the time they take, and b) how expensive (lecture / speech) they are. 4 I always write out my notes as soon as possible to make sure I’ve Form of Journey time Cost understood all the important information. transport (lecture / speech) bus 5 hours 30 minutes $45 5 I was about the exam, but train 3 hours 15 minutes $78 I thought I would probably do well enough. plane 1 hour 10 minutes $99 (frightened / nervous) 6 When the lion ran straight towards me, I was 1 (the plane – the other two) The plane takes suddenly really ! the least time , but it’s (frightened / nervous) 7 Astronauts on the International Space Station 2 (the train – the plane) The train have wonderful of the Earth. (sight / view)
8 We don’t have time to visit many of the 3 (the bus – of the three) tourist of Washington, but we’ll certainly make sure we see the White House. (sight / view) 9 Karwan is over two metres 6 GRAMMAR: past simple and present now, and he’s getting really good at basketball! (high / tall) perfect Describe a) something you finished recently 10 He’s got the number of and b) something you have started but not points of anyone in the team so far this year. finished yet. Write about 1) starting and 2) how (high / tall) long you were/have been doing it. 11 We discussed our plans for a long time, and we decided to travel west. a (at the end / in the end) 12 of the day, we stopped by a stream, cooked dinner and went to sleep. (at the end / in the end) b 4 FUNCTIONS: making suggestions Complete the suggestions with these forms.
I suggest … Let’s …
What about … Why not … 27
9780230727618 Sunrise 12 AB 06.indd 27 25/02/2011 10:26
4 lessons revision Language 3&4
1 GRAMMAR: negative questions Next week, / (fly) back / Kurdistan, / (see) my
Azad has arrived at his cousin’s home in Ohio. family / all my friends again, including you Turn the thoughts into negative questions. 1 A week ago, I in my hostel room, and I I expect he was amazed by the speed of New York life. I’m sure he’s happy he can relax with us now. 2
3
4
3 FUNCTIONS: giving advice
Choose sentence parts to give appropriate He probably feels tired after his long journey. advice. I imagine he’d like something to eat now. Then you really must go to the bank and get some more. 1 Weren’t you by the speed of New York life? Then you’d better go and see the doctor. 2 relax Then you ought to go back to the shop and with us now? change it. 3 long Then you should go to the supermarket journey from New York? and get some things. 4 1 A This new CD is damaged. Look at it! something to eat now? B Then you should
2 GRAMMAR: continuous tenses 2 A Oh, no! I haven’t got any more money. Azad is sending Miss Reilly a short email. B Turn his thoughts into statements. Use the correct verb tenses. 3 A There’s no food in the house, and my friend a week ago, / (sit) / my hostel room, / (worry) / is coming for dinner! my presentation B During the past few days, / (have) / wonderful time, / (meet) people / all over / world 4 A I haven’t been feeling well for a while. B Right now, / (stay) / my cousin / his family, / (relax) before dinner with / them
28
9780230727618 Sunrise 12 AB 06.indd 28 25/02/2011 10:26
4 lessons 3&4
Job When 4 GRAMMAR: forms of the passive 1 Produce a short, final news report. last Friday night It is the Monday after the end of the 2 Note conference successes & failures. already done conference. Although this has finished, 3 Consider ways of doing better next time . now 4 Discuss possible locations for next time the work of the organizers has not. . tomorrow 5 Publish the full NY conference report. Use their work schedule to make 6 Choose a city for the next conference. may do this month statements. Use suitable forms of the 7 Prepare invitations for the conference. have to do in Nov passive, including modals. must do by 31/12
1 A short, final news report
2 3 4 5 6 7
5 GRAMMAR: certainty and possibility
A Answer these questions about the following situation. You have arrived at school, and you are surprised to find that your friend is not there. 1 Where do you think your friend must be?
2 Why do you think he/she might be away from school today?
3 What do you think he/she could be doing?
B Answer these questions about the following situation:
For the last hour, you have been waiting at the bus station for a friend. Two buses have arrived from your friend’s town, but he/she was not on either of them. You do not have your mobile with you, so you cannot phone him/her to find out what has happened. 1 What must your friend have failed to do?
2 How may that have happened?
3 Why could he/she not have contacted you?
6 GRAMMAR: cause and effect
Complete the following to make two true statements. Start the second part of each with because or so. 1 I am good at (first part) when I leave school, I want to (second part) 2 When my friend leaves school, he/she wants to (first part) he/she is good at (second part)
29
9780230727618 Sunrise 12 AB 06.indd 29 25/02/2011 10:26
5 lessons feeding nine billion When that happens, the rain will stop. 1&2
1 VOCABULARY: geographical terms lake sea river stream
Label the picture with these groups of words. farmland grassland wetland woodland
2 VOCABULARY: percentages and fractions
Match the fractions in the box to the percentages below.
1 /5 – a fifth 1/8 – an eighth 1/4 – a quarter 1/10 – a tenth 1/3 – a third 1/20 – a twentieth 1 /2 – half 3/4 – three quarters 2/5 – two fifths 2/3 – two thirds
Complete these statements about charts a–e on SB p32. Use the ways of comparing shown in brackets – (%) e.g. 15%, (a/b) e.g. ½, or (×) e.g. five times, twice. Chart a Chart c 1 The 1950 population was less than 25% of the 7 The area of sea is three times the area high 2050 projection. (%) of land. (×) 2 The low 2050 projection is just over of the 8 The sea covers of the surface of the high 2050 projection. ( b) a/ Earth. (%) 3 The low 2050 projection is roughly 9 Land covers only of the Earth’s the 1950 population. (×) surface. ( b) a/
Chart b Chart d 4 The medium projection for 2300 is roughly 10 Exactly of the world’s land is 1/ 4 of the high projection for that year. (a/b) productive. (a/b) 5 The medium projection for 2300 is about 11 A little over of the global land the low projection for surface consists of high mountains and that date. (×) land covered with ice. (a/b) 6 The high projection for 2300 is approximately 12 Just over of the Earth’s land area is of the medium projection for that point. (%) desert. ( b) a/
30
9780230727618 Sunrise 12 AB 06.indd 30 25/02/2011 10:26
5 lessons 1&2
Chart e B Use pairs of words from A to complete the
13 Grassland covers exactly following. the area of farmland. (×) 1 Tony is a very person with lots of 14 Forests and woodland cover more than energy, whereas Theo is quite : he’s the land that urban happy to sit in front of the TV all day! areas cover. (×) 2 A lot of animals in the coldest 15 Farmland takes approximately months and then again when the amount of land that urban areas take. (×) spring comes. 3 I come from a small village in a area, 4 VOCABULARY: word pairs so life in an environment like New York was very strange at first. A Find opposites for these words in your SB. 4 We need to drink. If we drink this page 32 page 33 , it’ll just make us more thirsty. 1 high low 5 urban 5 I love this beautiful beach, where the 2 sea 6 southern and the meet. 3 salt water 7 appear 6 River levels used to be , but a lot 4 passive 8 wetter of water is taken for irrigation now, and water levels are often very . 7 Parts of Europe are often quite warm in winter, but Europe gets very cold. 5 GRAMMAR: conjunction + present + future A Choose from the conjunctions in brackets to complete the text.
The price of fuel touches everything we do on a farm like this – the use of heavy equipment, the price of farm chemicals, transport and heat for the animals in winter. Now, that price has already gone up by a fifth in the last year, and (1) (if / as) it goes up by another 20%, we just won’t be able to continue farming. Even (2) (as / before) it rises by as much as that, we will be in a lot of trouble. Our prices will have to jump 20% or more, and (3) (when / before) that happens, the big supermarkets Alan Harper, will quickly stop buying from us and start trying to buy more cheaply from abroad. And (4) dairy farmer, (as / after) they change like that, they won’t come back to us in the future – even if fuel prices, and southern therefore our prices, drop again. England
And what will happen (5) (after / before) more and more farmers like me disappear? Well, gradually less and less food will be produced, and (6) (as / before) less and less is produced, prices will slowly go up and up – here and everywhere else, too. And (7) (before / when) that world food crisis arrives, perhaps people will remember how farmers like me tried to warn the world!
B Answer the questions about the end of Grade 12. Re-use the conjunctions. 1 What will you try to do as you prepare for your final exams?
2 How will you feel before your first exam?
3 What will you say to your parents after your last exam?
4 How will you celebrate when you finally leave school at the end of the year?
31
9780230727618 Sunrise 12 AB 06.indd 31 25/02/2011 10:26
5 lessons feeding nine billion We should have learned from that. 3&4
1 VOCABULARY: word building with prefix re~
A Find an example of the prefix re~ in SB Reference Section 1 on page 103. Then find another example – a new word – in the text on SB page 34, lines 55–60. B Add the two words from A to their definitions. produce new life, make a copy of something use something again Now add these other words to their definitions.
rename return recycle revise remember replace
use waste material (e.g. glass, paper) again, often for a different purpose bring back into your mind give something another name take away someone or something and put someone or something new there instead go back to a place where you were before study information again to prepare for a test or exam
2 GRAMMAR: as long as You have used conditional statements like this for many years: If this land is not farmed sustainably, it will turn into desert. In Grade 11, you met other ways of expressing the same idea, including: Unless this land is farmed sustainably, it will turn into desert. These forms are negative, and they warn about a bad result: … it will turn into desert. Now you have another form that focuses on a positive result: As long as this land is farmed sustainably, it will not turn into desert. Turn the sentences into pairs of conditional statements. Start with the words in brackets. 1 To grow well, these plants need to get lots of sun. (as long as) (unless) a As long as these plants get lots of sun, they will grow well. b Unless these plants get lots of sun, they will not grow well.
2 We need to have good weather, or the trees will not produce good fruit. (as long as) (if … not) a b
3 To do well, you need to give these flowers more water. (if … not) (as long as) a b
32
9780230727618 Sunrise 12 AB 06.indd 32 25/02/2011 10:26
5 lessons 3&4
4 You have to protect your vegetables, or they will be attacked by disease. (unless) (as long as) a b
3 VOCABULARY: words in context
Choose the right word to complete each statement. 1 New York has a that is still growing. (people / population) 2 Many of the who work in New York travel in from outside. (people / population) 3 Uncle Dara is getting . He must be over 65 now. (ancient / old) 4 This piece of jewellery was made in Egypt – about 3,000 years ago. (ancient / old) 5 These packets tea and coffee. (consist of / contain) 6 Lunch today will burgers, eggs, tomatoes and chips. (consist of / contain) 7 Havel isn’t rich, but he makes enough money to his family. (eat / feed) 8 That was delicious, but I couldn’t any more. I’m full! (eat / feed) 9 All the from here to those hills belongs to one farmer. (ground / land) 10 Chinar fell off the wall and hit the really hard, and she broke her arm. (ground / land) 11 There are three houses on this side of the road, and I live in the one. (medium / middle) 12 We’ve got this sweater in small, and large sizes. Which would you like (medium / middle)? 13 The apples are ready, and the farmer is them. (picking / taking) 14 The goats are apples from the box. Stop them! (picking / taking)
4 GRAMMAR: could have, should have
We all make mistakes and feel that we should have done something that we did not, or that we should not have done something that we did. For example, I feel I should have been nicer to my sister when she was ill, and I feel that I shouldn’t have borrowed my brother’s CD without asking him. Answer the following about mistakes that you have made. 1 Name something that you feel you should have done. I feel I should
Say what you think might/could/would (not) have happened if you had done that. If I
2 Name something that you believe you ought not to have done. I feel I ought
Say what you feel might/could/would (not) have happened if you had not done that. If I
33
9780230727618 Sunrise 12 AB 06.indd 33 25/02/2011 10:26
5 lessons feeding nine billion Proposing actions 5&6
1 WRITING A Use information from the pie chart and the table to complete a paragraph about the continent with the highest freshwater runoff. Freshwater runoff into the oceans per year (cubic kilometres – km3) Some major rivers, by continent Australia 1,965 – 5% Europe 3,110 – 8% Africa Asia Australia Europe North America South America Asia 13,190 – Nile Tigris Darling Rhine St Lawrence Orinoco Africa 4,225 34% – 11% Zambesi Euphrates Murray Loire Ohio Amazon Congo Indus Danube Mississippi Tocantins
North America Niger Ganges Rio Grande São Francisco
5,960 – 15% Brahmaputra Colorado Paraná
South America Mekong Negro 10,380 – 27% Yangtze Amur
Asia is the (1) with the highest freshwater runoff into the (2) . This is due to its many large rivers, which include the Tigris, the (3) , the (4) and the (5) . Together, Asia’s rivers produce more than a (6) of global (7) – a total of (8) cubic kilometres every (9) . This is roughly the same amount as the total runoff from North America, (10) and (11) .
B Now write a ‘mirror’ paragraph. Use information from the pie chart and the table to complete a similar paragraph about the continent with the second-highest freshwater runoff. is the continent with the second-highest
2 WRITING A Start a short essay about the four Rs. Order these sentence parts and write them out as the opening paragraph.
to avoid wasting precious resources,
that we can all do It is very important and there are many things to help save them.
34
9780230727618 Sunrise 12 AB 06.indd 34 25/02/2011 10:26
5 lessons 5&6
B Continue your short essay about the four Rs. Use this pattern for your paragraph about each R.
Sequence + Action point + Example + Example + Example + Example
marker connector 1 connector 2 First of all, we need to … For example, Secondly, we have to … For instance, we can … To give another example, we can … Thirdly, we must … To give an example, we should … As another example, we should … Finally, it is important to … As one example,
Saving precious resources
It is
First of all, we need to reduce the amount of resources that we use. For example,
3 UNIT TASK Complete the short opening paragraph. (Copy the question from SB page 37.) Then write a paragraph about what you discussed, listing examples of action points.
The question which interested me most was Number : ‘What
35
9780230727618 Sunrise 12 AB 06.indd 35 25/02/2011 10:26
Language Focus 1 UNIT LANGUAGE REVIEW Sirwan and Shilan Kakayi used to work at a Detroit car factory, but they have moved out of the city to start a new life on a small farm by Lake Eyrie. A reporter from the local newspaper is interviewing them. Choose words from the brackets to complete the interview. Reporter How are you enjoying your new life? Sirwan It’s been great to get away from the big city. Shilan We feel we’re getting back to nature. Reporter Is farming completely new to you? Shilan Yes, but we’re learning fast, and we’re having a lot of fun! Sirwan We’re working (1) (half / twice) the hours we used to, and we’re only making (2) (a quarter of / twice) the money we used to make, but we’re enjoying life (3) (a tenth / ten times) as much as before. Reporter So you aren’t sorry you made the move. Shilan No way! We feel we (4) (might have / should have) done it years ago. Sirwan We talked about it for a long time, and we had enough money, so we (5) (could have / shouldn’t have) done it before, but I guess we were a bit too nervous. Reporter So how are you changing things here? Shilan We’re doing a lot. (6) (As a result, / For instance,) this farm used to be a dairy farm, but now we’re using (7) (two thirds of / a third of ) the land for crops and a much smaller area for animals. Reporter Are things going well? Sirwan It’s early days. We’ll be able to tell you (8) (before / when) we get our first crops in the summer. Shilan (9) (If / Before) we don’t make too many mistakes we should be OK. (10) (As long as / Unless) the crops are good, we’ll make enough money to continue. Reporter I’m sure you’re right, but what (11) (would you do / would you have done) if things went badly? Would you go back to Detroit? Sirwan No, we would try to avoid that. We’ve thought of several things we could do instead. Shilan (12) (For example, / Therefore,) we might go back to our families in Kurdistan and try farming there. Reporter Well, I’m sure that would be great for you in a lot of ways, but we hope everything goes well for you here. 36
9780230727618 Sunrise 12 AB 06.indd 36 25/02/2011 10:26
Language FoCUS
2 UNIT VOCABULARY REVIEW
Complete the puzzle with 18 of these new words. Find and write a short question – number 19. Change forms where necessary. actually avoid contain drought eighth forever for instance furniture gene grassland hydroponics income intensive limited medium natural nature percentage reproduce tenth useless wetland 1 2 3 4 10 In US national parks like 8 9 10 11 12 Yellowstone, wildlife is and will continue to be protected … 5 6 7 13 11 I need more … . I’ve only got a 14 15 16 17 18 small table and an old chair! 12 The weather and all the other systems of the … world are very 19 complicated. 13 Farmer Peter Wade makes money from crops, but part of his … also comes from his animals. 14 Forests and woodland cover just over three … of all productive land – 32% to be exact. 15 Earth has a huge amount of 1 The … that kept happening in the 6 About 13% of productive land water, but the amount that we 1930s was a disaster for millions – just over an … of the total – is can actually use is very … of American farmers. used for farming. 16 This land has lost all its 2 Mountains, rivers, oceans, plants 7 Scientists can add … that help nutrients: it’s … for growing and animals are all part of … plants resist disease. anything. 3 Thousands of animals feed on 8 A very high … of all water – 17 This huge greenhouse … over a open … in central Asia. 97.2% to be exact – is contained million tomato plants. 4 Many scientists believe that … in the world’s oceans. 18 The land is very low along the will be the best way to feed the 9 In some parts of the world, there coast, and this area of … is home world’s rising human population. is … farming, with two or even to many sorts of wildlife. 5 Asia has many great rivers – the three crops per year. 19 Tigris and the Euphrates, for …
3 TO HELP YOU STUDY
You are writing about The Future. You want to use a chart to help explain a point. Complete the bar chart using figures from this paragraph. (Before you start, study the bar chart in the SB Reference Section page 111.) Developed economies such as those of the USA, Japan and Europe produce more carbon emissions than other parts of the world. They will therefore have to reduce their carbon emissions more. In a country like Britain, every man, woman and child produced an average of 5.2 tonnes of carbon emissions in 2010. This came from things like driving cars 6 and using energy in the home, and the government’s plan Carbon emissions per person
5 is to reduce this level greatly by the year 2050. The aim is per year (tonnes)
to cut emissions to 3.8 tonnes per person by the year 2020. 4
This is already a huge cut, but it is only the start. By 2030, 3
there needs to be a further fall of over half to reach an 2 average of 1.5 tonnes. By this time, it will be getting hard to find further cuts, and so the 2040 level has been set at 1.3 1 tonnes. Finally, the plan is to reach 1.1 tonnes of emissions 0 per person by the year 2050. This will be just over a fifth of 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050
the level of carbon emissions half a century earlier! Year
37
9780230727618 Sunrise 12 AB 06.indd 37 25/02/2011 10:26
6 lessons i n t o t h e i n f o r m at i o n a g e That was when I started. 1&2
1 VOCABULARY: office equipment
Some young UK school students are visiting a local company, InterTech, to learn about the world of work. The manager, Dr Dyson, is showing them round. Complete the conversation with these words.
calculator computer document fax machine headset keyboard laptop mobile mouse photocopier printer screen type web cam
S1 What pieces of office equipment do you
use most? Dr D Well, here in the office, I use an ordinary landline phone and my desk-top (1) computer . But then, when I have to go out and travel from place to place during the day, I take my (2) phone and I also take my (3) computer, which I can use in my car, for example. Oh, and as I deal with numbers a lot in my work, I always carry a (4) with me, too. S2 What is that person over there wearing on her head? Dr D That’s a (5) . She’s wearing it to leave her hands free, so then she can (6) people’s details on her computer as she speaks to them. S3 How does she do that? Dr D Well, she types the details on the (7) , and the (8) in front of her shows what she has typed. And she holds that (9) with her right hand to move up and down and around the screen – for example when she wants to change something she has typed. S4 I’ve heard of something called Skype. What’s that exactly? Dr D That allows you to use your laptop as a phone, and it allows you to see the person, too. You see, there’s a little camera called a (10) at the top of the screen, so when you talk to someone, your two computers also send each other pictures that you see on your screens. S5 How do you make paper copies of a computer (11) ? Dr D You send it electronically from your computer to your (12) , and that produces as many copies as you want. S6 But what happens if you only have a paper copy of a document? Dr D Then you use the office (13) to make copies. It’s very fast. S7 How do you send a document from one office to another? By post? Dr D No, not usually. That’s far too slow! We normally email something like that from one computer to another. And if we only have a paper copy, then we can use our (14) instead. It turns a letter or a picture, for example, into electronic signals and sends them straight down the phone line. 38
9780230727618 Sunrise 12 AB 06.indd 38 25/02/2011 10:26
6 lessons 1&2 InterTech House
Help desk advisers
2 GRAMMAR: full and reduced relative Service Centre A clauses Room Look at the plan view of the InterTech building. 101 Create sentences with relative clauses from the Service Centre sentence parts. Leave out the relative pronoun B Carla (Receptionist) (who, which or that) when it is not necessary. 1 receptionist, Carla, / (be) / person … (answer) phone calls to / company The receptionist, Carla, is the person who/that answers phone calls to the company. 2 she (be) also / person … visitors to / company first (meet)
3 room 101 (be) / room … (use) for most meetings / visitors
4 it (be) / room … Dr Dyson (use) to talk / students
5 help-desk advisers (be) / people … customers (contact) / IT advice
6 they (be) technical experts … (can deal) / most IT problems / phone
7 two Service Centres (be) / workshops … (use) / repairing computer equipment
8 they (be) the parts of / company … / students (be) most interested in seeing
3 GRAMMAR: clauses introduced by when, where and why
The InterTech visit was arranged by a teacher, Mr Ian Grant, with the manager, Dr Dyson. Order the words in brackets to complete their phone conversation. Dr D Good morning. Emma Dyson speaking. about more training / That was when) Mr G Good morning, Dr Dyson. My name’s Ian Mr G Yes, and (4) Grant, and I’m calling from Park Road (an area where / Comprehensive. This is / you could help. / I really think) Dr D Ah, yes, (1) that’s where our new Dr D I see. Perhaps you could explain a bit more. technician went to school. (went / our Mr G OK, well, Park Road (5) new technician /to school / that’s where) Mr G Really! I expect you mean young Luke (the world of work. / is a place where / to Harmer. learn about / students are encouraged) Dr D That’s right. I was the one who interviewed Dr D I’m glad to hear it. You should bring your him for the job, so (2) students for a visit here at InterTech. Mr G Well, (6) (I know / his education. / that’s (you now / I’m calling / why / a bit about) And I’m very interested the reason why / that’s exactly) You see, I’m in education and training, you see. wondering if (7) Mr G Yes, I know about that from a radio interview you did the other day. (I could bring / for a tour of InterTech. / Dr D Oh, I remember. (3) a small group / there’s any time when) Dr D I’m sure that would be possible. Let’s look (I talked / about the world of work / at our diaries … 39
9780230727618 Sunrise 12 AB 06.indd 39 25/02/2011 10:26
6 lessons i n t o t h e i n f o r m at i o n a g e People join so as to chat to friends. 3&4
1 VOCABULARY: synonyms 2 I’m not going to email my cousin. I’m going to
him a letter by post. A Find words in the texts on SB page 42 that can mean the same, or nearly the same, as 3 Could you do something for me? // these words. . Just say what you want me to do. Text 1 send transmit 1 see … as 2 VOCABULARY: grammatical sets A Complete the table with words from the 1 sure texts on SB p42, and with words that you 2 although already know. 2 for nothing 2 for instance Text verb noun (thing) noun (person) 3 nearly 1 invent invention inventor 3 enormous 1 XXXX science 2 research researcher B Now complete these sentences with word 3 educate educator pairs from A. 3 teaching 1 Bell is seen as / regarded as one of the 3 creation creator great inventors of the 19th century. 3 study/ies 2 Dara didn’t want any money: he did the job . B Use grammatical word sets from A to 3 Let me finish counting: 90 … 95 … 96 … 96.50. complete the following. Change forms where Wow! I’ve got £100. necessary. 4 The Pacific is . It’s far 1 Havel is a , and he is bigger than any of the world’s other oceans. at university. His subject is 5 We can get information from several sources. business . we can use the internet. 2 Chinar sometimes helps to 6 Tony is a good friend, the children in Grade 1, and it’s easy to see that I must say he sometimes acts very strangely. she’s a natural . She really 7 As soon as the earthquake had stopped, news should make her career. teams started 3 Bell was a great , and he reports and pictures round the world. many things. However, his 8 I’m Ako will do greatest was certainly the well in the school play. He’s a great actor! telephone. 4 Walt Disney was the of C Use the correct word from A to complete the many famous cartoons. For example, he following. Mickey Mouse very early in his career, in the 1930s. Although Disney Words can be synonyms in some contexts, but not went on to produce many other films, Mickey in others, so you need to be careful. Mouse remained perhaps his most famous 1 We worked hard to stop the old boat from . going down, but it was all . It finally filled with water and sank like a stone! 40
9780230727618 Sunrise 12 AB 06.indd 40 25/02/2011 10:26
6 lessons 3&4
3 GRAMMAR: relative clauses with extra information
A Combine the sentences using relative clauses with commas. 1 Bell invented many useful things. He moved from Scotland to America. Bell, who moved from Scotland to America, invented many useful things. 2 Armstrong and Aldrin made their flight in 1969. They were the first humans on the moon.
3 The World Wide Web was invented by Tim Berners-Lee. He was working in Geneva at that time.
4 Fibres optics is now used more than satellites for communications. They have become a global network.
5 Millions of people now use Wikipedia. It is written for free by experts all over the world.
6 People meet to communicate on various social sites. These include Facebook and My Space.
B Add real information about things in your life.
1 I go to (name) School, which (information)
2 My cousin, who (information) , (information)
4 GRAMMAR: expressing purpose
A Complete the sentences. Choose between so as to/in order to, so that and for the purpose of. (Check the grammatical forms after the gaps.) 1 Bell used fibre optics transmit pictures and sound. 2 Doctors started using fibre optics they could look inside the human body. 3 Scientists worked hard to improve fibre optics it would become possible to use them over long distances. 4 NASA used fibre optics helping to put human beings on the moon. 5 Many people now use the internet do a lot of their shopping.
B Complete the sentences with suitable statements of purpose. Choose between so as to/in order to, so that and for the purpose of. 1 Bell invented the telephone so that people in different places would be able to communicate with each other. 2 Doctors wanted to look inside the human body
3 Tim Berners-Lee wanted to share information with other scientists
4 Small Canadian communities far from other places wanted SchoolNet
5 Millions of students in many different countries now use SchoolNet
41
9780230727618 Sunrise 12 AB 06.indd 41 25/02/2011 10:26
6 lessons i n t o t h e i n f o r m at i o n a g e Describing, arguing for and against, 5&6 concluding 2 WRITING A Expand these notes and put the verbs in the correct forms to produce the topic sentence for paragraph 1 of a short essay with the title Fibre optics and the internet. (Write it in E 1 VOCABULARY: literary criticism on the next page.) Complete the short essay on the poem New development / internet (closely connect) with / Frontiers. Add words from the boxes. earlier development / fibre optics, which (take) lines poem rhyme rhymes many years scheme verse verses writer B Expand your time line notes from SB Lesson In this short (1) , the 4 D1 to continue paragraph 1 like this. (2) , Coral Rumble, talks about Fibres optics was used in the Photophone as the amazing fact that modern technology allows early as 1880. Then, in the early twentieth her to explore the whole world without leaving her century, … office. Start the sentences that follow with these The poem has just four (3) , linking expressions. each with four (4) . The rhyme (5) is a simple one in Some time after that, in … (decades) verses one, two and four: every second line During that period, in (year), … (6) – need, speed, etc. Not long after that, in the late (decade), … (7) three is slightly different This was followed by … in (year) though, as all four lines (8) , The internet really … after (year) with the pattern a, b, a, b. C Expand these notes and put the verbs in the meaning point rhythm correct forms to produce the topic sentence stress strong structure title for paragraph 2. (Write it in E on the next page.) Like the rhymes, the (9) although it (only invent) / late 1970s, many uses / of the poem is very simple. It is basically a internet (find), / it (change) / way billions / people weak (10) followed by a (11) live / do things today stress, repeated again and again. With the fun of the last line and its simple four D Expand your network from SB Lesson 4 D2 verse, four line (12) , this short to continue paragraph 2 like this. poem seems very light. If, though, we look at the First of all, it provides information through poem’s (13) , New Frontiers, we websites such as … which ... can see that the writer is making quite a serious (14) . At first, this title might Secondly, there is online shopping, which we can just seem to mean the lines between countries do through websites like … which ... that she crosses on her ‘journeys’ round the Thirdly, we can join social sites such as …, which … world. However, it has a different, deeper Again, … is supported by SchoolNet, for example, (15) : it actually expresses the which … idea that the writer can now explore the farthest edges of what we know and of what is scientifically possible. 42
9780230727618 Sunrise 12 AB 06.indd 42 25/02/2011 10:26
6 lessons 5&6
E Write your short essay here.
Fibre optics and the internet The development of the internet was
Although it was only invented in the late
3 UNIT TASK Use points from your discussion (SB p45) to write your report to the Ministry of Education here.
What sort of SchoolNet do we need in Kurdistan?
Some people argue for completely free access to the internet. However, it is also possible to argue against this and for more limited access. In our class discussion, we have considered some of the arguments on both sides. There are at least two reasons why some people want free access to the internet. First of all,
However, there are also reasons why it may not be a good idea to give students total freedom to go wherever they want on the internet. First of all,
After careful discussion, we came to the conclusion that
In the opinion of most of us,
43
9780230727618 Sunrise 12 AB 06.indd 43 25/02/2011 10:26
Language Focus 1 UNIT LANGUAGE REVIEW A Read the local newspaper report and add commas to relative clauses which need them.
LOCAL COMPANY WELCOMES
NEW MANAGER Local company InterTech has Dr Dyson comes to InterTech just made Dr Emma Dyson the from ILS which is one of Europe’s new Director. She is taking over largest IT organizations. Although this important job from Mr Alan she trained as a technician, she Rees who founded the company managed several ILS businesses 20 years ago. during the 12 years that she Introducing her, Mr Rees said, worked for ILS. ‘She’s someone who will bring new In reply, Dr Dyson said, ‘InterTech ideas to InterTech, and I know is a company which is known for that we are an organization that its great technology. I can’t wait to will be quick to accept them.’ Mr start this job which will allow me Rees who is now 67 will remain as to work closely with people who an adviser. are the best in the IT world!’
B Complete part of Dr Dyson’s recent radio Dr D Yes, that was just a factory. But those were interview. Add one of these words where the years (8) I got much necessary. Where that, which or who is not of the experience to do my new job. necessary, leave the gap empty. (Interviewer = I, Dr Dyson = Dr D). C Complete another part of the interview. Choose between the expressions of purpose that which who in brackets. when where why I Now, Dr Dyson, you said that one reason for doing this interview was I Perhaps we could talk about the reasons (1) (to / so that) you (1) you chose to move to could talk a little about education and InterTech. training. Dr D Well, it’s a company (2) Dr D That’s right. It’s (2) is famous in the IT world. Alan Rees is also (for the purpose of / so as to) encourage someone (3) I regard as a everyone to think more about these very great IT leader. And I’m a person important things. You see, schools and (4) likes trying new colleges are there (3) things, so after 12 years with ILS, his (for the purpose of / in order to) providing invitation was just the opportunity the best possible start in life. And there’s (5) I wanted! He called another side to this, too. on a day (6) I was feeling (4) (in order to / so that) very bored with my old job! get the people we need at a company like I Is InterTech very different from the place InterTech, we need schools and colleges to (7) you were working prepare students well. before?
44
9780230727618 Sunrise 12 AB 06.indd 44 25/02/2011 10:26
Language FoCUS
2 UNIT VOCABULARY REVIEW 2 between continents, from
one continent to another, e.g. a flight A U se the letters in brackets to produce the words for the definitions. 3 describes something, e.g. a sports event, which more than one country 1 various : (adj) several different (souviar) takes part in 2 : (conj) at any time, or in any 4 a large system of computers situation (hevernew) that are connected to allow people to share 3 : (adj) right for a certain information and communicate with each purpose, person or situation (subalite) other 4 : (n) the end of something; * * * * * * * * * * * * final statement after looking at all the related 5 to choose one thing before points and arguments (inocsulnoc) or instead of others 5 : (n) a person, place or thing 6 to get someone or that provides something, e.g. information, something ready before something that will that you want (socure) happen in the future 6 : (v) to become an expert in 7 to stop something before it one area of work, study, etc (zealispice) can happen in the future 7 : (v) find the answer to a 8 a chance to see something, problem or puzzle (loves) e.g. a film, before everyone else can see it 8 : (v) to complete your * * * * * * * * * * * * studies successfully at college or university 9 the sending and receiving (atraudge) of messages over a long distance, especially by 9 : (n) a period of ten years telephone, radio and television (dedace) 10 a meeting between people 10 : (v) to talk with someone who are in different places, but who are who does not agree with you; to give reasons connected by video and computers that support or that attack an idea (rugea) 11 a piece of equipment that allows people to speak to each over a long B C heck your work in A. Find the words you distance produced in this list of important new words. 12 1 a rectangular box with access actually anyway argue conclusion a screen which receives electronic signals decade emotional exist freedom from a long distance and turns them into graduate interactive limited solve moving pictures and sounds 2 the technology source specialize suitable technical of sending moving pictures and sounds over long distances various whenever wherever B Each group of words in A uses one prefix. 3 TO HELP YOU STUDY Find the three prefixes and their meanings in A Match these words that you already know to your SB Reference Section 1. Then underline nine of the dictionary definitions below. words in the definitions above that express those meanings. telephone prevent interactive international telecommunications C Understanding prefixes can help you to prefer internet prepare television understand new words. Try to work out the meanings of the new 1 describes a system words below and then add them to the or computer program which allows correct definitions in A. communication between people or between a person and a machine preview teleconference intercontinental
45
9780230727618 Sunrise 12 AB 06.indd 45 25/02/2011 10:26
7 lessons working together for a bet ter world We humans always try to do the 1&2 impossible. 1 VOCABULARY: words that often go together (collocations) A Look at the two boxes and find words that often go together. Draw lines to connect them. Then look at SB page 48 to check your work.
atmospheric climate health killer technological top weapons of
care change diseases emissions priority solutions war
B Use collocations from A to complete the following. Change their forms if necessary. 1 Malaria is a killer diseae that takes the lives of millions every year. 2 If we could have world peace, countries could stop spending so much on . 3 After the floods, there was very little proper , so a lot of people became ill. 4 For many years, factories were allowed to pollute freely, and the were terrible. 5 Many scientists believe that very bad weather events show that has started. 6 The two of every government should be to keep its people safe and healthy. 7 We need all kinds of such as fuel cells to help reduce global warming.
2 GRAMMAR: participle clauses 1
A Give the speakers’ names and countries, and then form participles to report their ‘A’ statements. A A 1 I’d like to make a 3 I disagree with the suggestion. previous two speakers.
B B I suggest we should I would argue that we have a vote at the end ought not to waste time of the discussion. on votes. Name: Harumi Honda Name: Dmitri Stepashin Country: Japan Country: Russia A A 2 I support 4 Can I make a Harumi Honda. request?
B B And let me add that we Can I ask for an extra ought to have votes after meeting about the every discussion. Middle East? Name: Jack Dawson Name: Michelle Barre Country: Canada Country: France
1 The next speaker was Harumi Honda from Japan making a suggestion . 2 The following speaker . 3 The speaker after that . 4 The final speaker .
46
9780230727618 Sunrise 12 AB 06.indd 46 25/02/2011 10:26
7 lessons 1&2
B Use these ‘starters’ and form participles to report the speakers’ ‘B’ statements.
We heard … I remember … We listened to … We saw …
1 We heard ... 2 3 4
3 GRAMMAR: verb + infinitive; verb + ~ing form
A Complete part of the conference things, I believe that in 20 years from now, we representative’s speech with the correct could say goodbye to malaria for ever!’ forms of the verbs in brackets. (If two forms are possible, give both.) B Complete the following with used to + ‘A few years ago, the amount of malaria appeared infinitive or be/get used to + ~ing form. Use (1) (be) declining in many the verb in brackets. countries, but the truth is that we have failed 1 It’s midnight, and I’m tired. I ’m not used to (2) (get) rid of this terrible staying up so late. (stay) disease. Despite all the work that has been done and is being done, the numbers of malaria cases 2 I that have started (3) (rise) around the conferences were a waste of time, but now I feel world, and this is very bad news. they can be useful. (think) Conference, some years ago the world managed 3 I come from a small country town, and I can’t (4) (get) rid of another horrible in New York. (live) disease – smallpox. Now, if we all decided 4 What most when you (5) (act) together again, I believe were younger? // Playing football. (enjoy) that we could do the same with malaria. Of course, 5 Why are you going so slowly? that would mean (6) (spend) a your new car yet? (drive) lot of money. But please stop (7) 6 away from home (consider) for a minute what it would mean if we when I go to college? // Don’t worry! Of course succeeded in (8) (end) this you will! (be) disease. Millions of people – many of them children – would no longer continue (9) (have) their lives destroyed 4 LANGUAGE FOR LIFE by it. Children would stop (10) Complete appropriately. Then practise. (die) in the large numbers that they do today. All these people would go on (11) after all, can’t help thinking (live), and they would have productive lives for one thing, … for another, instead. A What do you think of Plan B? How would we do this? I believe the UN’s World Health Organization would need B I that it’s the wrong one. I (12) (lead) the fight. And first, prefer Plan A. we would have to keep (13) A Why do you feel that way? (look) for good, cheap cures for even the worst B it would be too expensive, forms of the disease. From there, we would then and it would take too long. go on (14) (find) ways of C Yes, it has to be Plan A, doesn’t it? preventing the disease. we need the quickest, If the world agreed (15) cheapest solution, don’t we? (provide) the necessary resources to do these 47
9780230727618 Sunrise 12 AB 06.indd 47 25/02/2011 10:26
7 lessons working together for a bet ter world Before leaving, I inquired how she felt. 3&4
1 VOCABULARY: opposites In his office, the Director of Amundsen-Scott,
Dr Ian Macbeth, invited me to sit down and A Add opposites from the text on SB page 50. 1 North Pole and he asked 2 midday 3 take off . Then he 4 dark 5 cool Day 3: With Sally Woo, Communications Centre 6 take Manager (add, explain, go on to say, say, tell me) 7 load We transmit all our signals from here via satellite. 8 below We’ve just sent out a long research report B Use pairs of opposites from A to complete for example. the following. Change forms if necessary. And we’re also sending an urgent request 1 The temperature at the South Pole is almost for the new Julia Roberts movie. never 0°C, and it is sometimes 50 or 60° . All kinds of signals come in and go out, 2 When it’s in one place, with day and night. the sun high in the sky, it’s on the opposite side of the world. Lots of personal messages will be 3 Now we have to the supplies received and transmitted later on. from the plane and them onto our truck. Today, I spent some time with Sally Woo, the 4 We early in the morning that Communications Centre Manager. She told me day, and we in New Zealand that 12 hours later. 5 My tea was too hot to drink, but it’s enough now. And I’m heating some soup. I think it’s now.
2 GRAMMAR: reported speech forms
Turn Chris Carr’s notes and the direct speech into sections of his diary report. Use the reporting verbs in brackets. Day 2: In his office, the Director of Amundsen-Scott, Dr Ian Macbeth (ask … to, tell … to, invite … to)
Please sit down and have a cup of coffee.
Tell me a bit about your plans. Day 4: Talk to Supply Manager Bob Brant – has been coming to the Pole for many years. You must ask me for whatever help Questions to ask (ask, inquire, want to find out, you need whenever you need to. want to learn, want to know)
48
9780230727618 Sunrise 12 AB 06.indd 48 25/02/2011 10:26
7 lessons 3&4
Is it true that you’ve been to the Pole more times (3) (and so / but) he never spent than anyone else? more than four months a year at Amundsen-Scott. (4) (After all, In addition,) he Do you spend more time at the Pole than explained, he had a wife and family back home, at home in California? (5) (or / and) they needed to spend time together. When did you first come to the South Pole? Turning to his job, I learned that there were 300–400 supply flights a year – an enormous How many supply flights are there every number! This was (6) (due to year? the fact that / despite the fact that) everything they needed had to be brought by air. What was more, he said, all those flights had to Can you get supplies during the winter? come during the summer (7) (though / as) planes could not land and take off This afternoon, I decided to talk to the Supply during the winter months. (8) Manager, Bob Brant, who has been coming to the (Because of / Despite) these very long periods Pole for many years. I wanted to know if it was without new supplies, though, it seems that there true that had never been any serious problems.
4 GRAMMAR: participle clauses 2
Complete the comments on Chris Carr’s trip to the South Pole. Choose from the following words and form participles from the verbs in brackets.
after before on since when/while
1 Before travelling to the South Pole, Chris
read as much as he could about life there. (travel) 2 at Amundsen-Scott, he spoke with as many of the scientists there as he could. (stay) 3 his diary report each day, he immediately went to the communications centre and sent it to his newspaper. (complete) 4 He finally flew back to New York 3 GRAMMAR: connecting ideas two weeks at the South Choose the correct connectors from SB pages Pole. (spend) 50–51 to complete Chris Carr’s report. 5 , he said goodbye to all the people he had met there. (leave) Bob Brant told me that he had been to the South Pole a total of 17 times during the past 20 years. 6 He thought a lot about his visit to the Pole However, he was not sure whether that was the back home. (fly) world record (1) (so / because) 7 at JF Kennedy Airport, other people had also been many times. When he went straight home for a long sleep. (land) I wondered whether he spent more time at the 8 to New York, Chris has Pole than at home in California, he said that decided to write a book about the work of the (2) (as / although) he loved ‘Polies’. (return) his job, he also loved life in California, 49
9780230727618 Sunrise 12 AB 06.indd 49 25/02/2011 10:26
7 lessons working together for a bet ter world Turn taking in discussion 5&6
1 WRITING SKILLS Write the following as a conversation. Add the correct punctuation – capital letters, commas, apostrophes, full stops, dashes, hyphens, question marks and exclamation marks.
well now lets hear some other peoples ideas about the worlds top priorities for 2025 maria delgado said sita kumar can i ask you to say something yes of course sita said well it seems to me that its very very important to achieve priority 3 education and health care for all children sorry but i feel i need to say something alhaji buhari said maria invited him to speak please go ahead alhaji she replied well alhaji began its certainly true that childrens health and education are very important priorities for the long term however i believe that we have to make climate change our most important immediate priority if we don’t he went on we wont be able to provide health education or anything else i see your point sita answered but the fact is that weve got to deal with everything health and education as well as climate change
50
9780230727618 Sunrise 12 AB 06.indd 50 25/02/2011 10:26
7 lessons 5&6
2 WRITE Write Chris Carr’s report of your discussion with three partners in C SPEAK on SB page 53. Use your notes from A1 and this framework to write the report in three short paragraphs – one for each exchange of opinions. argued for … saying that … (name) supported … stating that … But … I argued against … believing that … However, … disagreed with … pointing out that … making the point that …
First, argued for World Bank loans, making the point that they . However, disagreed with her, saying that they then went on to
Finally,
3 UNIT TASK A Follow Chris’s introduction with a new paragraph for each exchange between the speakers. B Follow the start of the concluding paragraph with your own ideas.
SMALL FINANCE SCHEME BRINGS BIG BENEFITS
I did not know much about the benefits of microfinance until the recent Youth Conference in New York. Now I have also finally seen it in action, and I would like to tell you about it through a recent interview in a village on the coast of Indonesia. This was with Ibu Dhanani, a very brave woman who has fought to build a new life since the terrible tsunami of 2004 destroyed everything there and killed many thousands. First, I asked Ibu Dhanani to tell me
It is clear from this, and from millions of other success stories in many countries, that microfinance loans
51
9780230727618 Sunrise 12 AB 06.indd 51 25/02/2011 10:26
Language Focus 1 UNIT LANGUAGE REVIEW A Complete part of the conversation with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets. (If two forms are possible, give both.) Chris Carr is visiting a New York publishing company to discuss his proposal for a book about life at the Amundsen-Scott Station. He is talking with the Publishing Manager, Liz Ramirez. Liz Well, my advisers and I all enjoyed (1) reading (read) your diary reports and your proposal, and we’d like (2) (publish) the book. Chris Great! Well, I can start (3) (work) on it tomorrow. Liz But there is one big problem. Now, I don’t mean (4) (upset) you, but we want you to consider (5) (add) a short history of Antarctic exploration. Chris I’m very happy to do that, but it’ll mean (6) (produce) a longer book. Liz That’s fine with us. And the other thing is this: we would need (7) (have) the finished book from you in three months from now. Chris Well, I’m a reporter, so I’m used to (8) (write) fast!
B Order the words in brackets to form this pattern: subject + verb + object + participle clause. Chris is showing Liz some video material from his visit to the South Pole. 1 Now here we’re looking at Bob Brant organizing the transport of new supplies from a plane. (looking at / organizing / Bob Brant / we’re) 2 And in this bit equipment in the communications centre. (Sally Woo / you’re / checking / watching) 3 This time, with her research team. (working / videoing / Dr Ullsen / I’m) 4 Finally, here fresh fruit in the hydroponics unit. (seeing / we’re / picking / people)
C When Chris got home after the meeting with Liz Ramirez, he told his wife what had been said. Put parts of the conversation into reported speech. Use the reporting verbs in brackets. Liz Come in and sit down, Mr Carr. (invite) Were you able to find our offices all right? (ask) Chris I often come past the building, so I know it well. (tell) Liz Can I get you a coffee before we start talking about your book? (offer) Later … Liz Will you have time to write the book? (ask) Chris Don’t worry about that. (tell) I’m sure I can make enough time to write my first book! (say) Liz Why does the Antarctic interest you so much? (want to know) Chris I’m very interested in the people who live and work there. (explain) … So first she invited me to go in and sit down. Then
52
9780230727618 Sunrise 12 AB 06.indd 52 25/02/2011 10:26
Language FoCUS
Later …
D Complete the story of the book’s development. Choose from the following words and form participles from the verbs in brackets.
after before on since when while
1 On leaving Liz Ramirez, Chris immediately called his wife to
tell her about the meeting. (leave) 2 He stopped at the library to borrow some books on Antarctic exploration home by bus. (travel) 3 home, he went on the internet to do more research. (get) 4 Several days later, he carefully read all his notes again work on writing the book. (start) 5 the book, he sometimes emailed his ‘Polie’ friends for more information. (write) 6 the book, he emailed it straight to Liz. (complete) 7 it to the company, he has been waiting for further news. (send) 8 Liz today, he was told that it would be in the shops next month. (call)
2 UNIT VOCABULARY REVIEW
A Use the letters in brackets to produce the words for the definitions. 1 immediately : (adv) very quickly and without stopping to do anything else (mytelimedia) 2 : (v) to have a different opinion from someone else (reidsage) 3 : (n) how your body is, especially whether you are ill or well (hathel) 4 : (n) an organization that gives money and/or other help to people who need it (harytic) 5 : (n) something arranged or decided between people, organizations, etc, about what to do (greatmeen) 6 : (v) to have a plan in your mind to do something (tinden) 7 : (v) to ask someone for information about something (irequin) 8 : (v) the act of saying something about someone or something (notemin) 9 : (n) an amount or quantity of something that is ready for use (pusply) 10 : (n) a thing that is used for hurting people or damaging things (openwa)
B Check your work in A. Find the words you produced in this list of important new words.
agreement atmospheric charity cooperative disagree disagreement exploration health
9780230727618 Sunrise 12 AB 06.indd 53 25/02/2011 10:26
8 lessons revision They are the people working with us. 1&2
1 VOCABULARY: 2 VOCABULARY: opposites
words that often A Add opposites from the texts on SB page 56. go together Text (collocations) 1 ugly A Look at the two boxes 2 forget and find words that often go together. 2 modern Draw lines to connect 3 arrive them. Then look at SB 3 import page 56 to check your 3 fail work. 3 decrease business cultural sales ski 4 refuse star top trading wide B Use pairs of opposites from A to complete activity attraction company exchange the following. Change forms if necessary. experience manager priority resort 1 Our aim is to New York next Sunday and to in San B Use collocations from A to complete the Francisco ten days later. following. Change their forms if necessary. 2 When the price of a product 1 Switzerland is famous for its many ski too much, people can’t afford it any more, and resorts . so sales . 2 She used to be a junior sales assistant, but now 3 China huge quantities of she’s risen to become the . materials like iron and oil so as to make the 3 Mr Bahjat has worked for several large enormous amounts of goods that it then construction companies and therefore has to other countries. of the industry. 4 Please to buy some milk and 4 In addition to finding new business eggs on your way home. // Don’t worry. I won’t opportunities, we hope to create new . between our two 5 The old industrial area of town used to be countries in order to understand our different and dirty, but now it’s a ways of life better. green park. 5 There’s lots to talk about, but our 6 Saman and Karwan to climb has to be next week’s sales the mountain twice, but they tried again and conference. this time they . 6 The two different parts of this company focus 7 At first, Nian our offer of on two different – car help, but she really couldn’t finish the job alone, sales and vehicle repairs. and so she finally . 7 As the largest in the 8 Some of Britain’s roads country, we supply our market with everything today follow the same routes that the from office equipment to building materials. Roman roads followed nearly 8 Zara’s singing was wonderful – she was the 2,000 years ago. at the school concert last night. 54
9780230727618 Sunrise 12 AB 06.indd 54 25/02/2011 10:26
8 lessons 1&2
3 GRAMMAR: phrasal verbs
Complete the sentences with the correct phrasal verbs. Add a pronoun where necessary.
take away take off (+ object) take off (- object) take out take over
1 When do you leave? // My plane at 11.05.
2 Ben was wearing a thick sweater, so when he got too warm, he . 3 Zara is too busy to run the sports club now, so she’s asked me to the job. 4 I think I put the books in that bag over there. Could you for me, please? 5 Well, now we’ve got our new sofa, what are we going to do with the old one? // Dave and I will and get rid of it.
4 GRAMMAR: modal verb + have
A Read the situations and use the ideas in brackets to say what could/should/shouldn’t have happened instead. 1 Your little brother has kicked his football into a neighbour’s garden. (kick the ball so hard)
2 You woke up late this morning. As a result, you nearly missed the school trip although, luckily, the last bus was still there! (wake up at the right time)
3 You have only come second in the school sports day 400-metre race, and you are disappointed. You think it was because you missed some training last week. (win if I train properly last week)
B Rewrite your comment in A3 in two more ways. Use 1) I wish, and 2) if only. 1 2 C Read the situations and use the ideas in brackets to say what possibly could/may/might have happened or what definitely must/can’t/couldn’t have happened. 1 You are looking for a friend everywhere at the end of the school day, but you can’t find this person anywhere. (go home)
2 You left a phone message for your sister to meet you at the coffee shop, but she has not answered or arrived. (not find the message)
3 You suddenly find that you have lost your money. Earlier, you went to the post office in order to buy some stamps. Perhaps it’s there. (leave it at the post office)
D Now use a form from A and then a form from C to speak to your neighbour, an old woman. You are going to the supermarket for some eggs, and you see a neighbour – an old woman – carrying four heavy bags home from the supermarket. She looks very tired and you run to help her home. (give me your shopping list … do your shopping for you)
55
9780230727618 Sunrise 12 AB 06.indd 55 25/02/2011 10:26
8 lessons revision Language 3&4
1 GRAMMAR: describing with participle clauses
Match the sentence parts to Azad’s photos from New York and form participles from the verbs in brackets. Write the complete sentences as his descriptions of the photos. Here are some kids (do) a party at the end of the conference. Here’s Stella (give) in Central Park. That’s the Mayor (have) us to Staten Island. These are my friends (show) my presentation on Kurdistan. This is me (skateboard) me the sights of New York. This is the ferry (take) his welcome speech.
1 This is me doing my 2 3 presentation on Kurdistan.
4 5 6
2 GRAMMAR: after, before, on, since, 3 there, he started
preparing for the conference. (arrive) when, while + participle clause 4 to Kate Reilly, she Complete Azad’s story. Choose from the suggested meeting her cousin Stella. (talk) words above and form participles from the verbs in brackets. 5 in New York, he took part in the conference and also met Stella. (stay) 1 to New York, Azad 6 to Kurdistan, he visited asked his English teacher, Kate Reilly, for some his cousin in Ohio. (return) advice. (fly) 7 back home, he met 2 in New York, he went Stella and Kate and invited them for dinner straight to his hostel. (land) with his family. (get)
56
9780230727618 Sunrise 12 AB 06.indd 56 25/02/2011 10:26
8 lessons 3&4
3 GRAMMAR: ways of comparing quantities
Compare the areas of Iraq and other countries in the region. Complete the statements about the table. Use the ways of comparing shown in brackets – (%) e.g. 15%, (a/b) e.g. ½, or (×) e.g. five times, twice.
Egypt Iraq Jordan Saudi Arabia
area (km ) 2 1,001,000 435,000 90,000 2,331,000
Choose from these expressions:
about approximately roughly
1 Iraq is the size of Jordan. (×)
2 Iraq has an area the area of Egypt. (a/b) 3 Egypt is of the size of Saudi Arabia. (%) 4 Jordan has an area of the area of Iraq. (%) 5 Iraq is of the size of Saudi Arabia. (a/b) 6 Saudi Arabia has an area the area of Jordan. (×)
4 GRAMMAR: reported speech Hi again, everyone!
Continue Stella’s blog with a description of the When I wrote yesterday, I said that Azad had visit to Azad’s family for dinner. Turn the pieces invited Kate and me for dinner with his family of direct speech into reported speech. Choose last night. Well, that was what happened, and we appropriate reporting verbs from the following. had a really nice time. When we arrived, Azad’s mother agree ask inquire invite offer remind reply say suggest tell thank
When they arrived …
Mrs Q Please sit down and make yourselves comfortable. Mr Q Did you have a good flight from New York, Stella? Stella It was a long flight, but everything went well, and I was able to get some sleep on the way. Mrs Q What are you planning to do in Kurdistan, Stella? Stella When Kate finishes work on Thursday, our plan is to take off and travel round Kurdistan. Later, when it was time to leave … Stella / Thank you for a wonderful evening. Kate Mr Q Come and see us again soon. Azad Don’t forget that I’m taking both of you to the exhibition tomorrow. I can come for you at 3.00 if you like.
57
9780230727618 Sunrise 12 AB 06.indd 57 25/02/2011 10:26
Literary Reader: Treasure Island by Robert Louis Stevenson Episode 1: The old sailor A Add the correct thing or person from Episode 1. 1 : This was the inn where Jim lived with his parents. 2 : This was the old sailor who arrived one day and decided to stay. 3 : This was where he went with his telescope to watch the ships. 4 : This was the person who visited to help Jim’s father when he became ill. 5 : This was the man who came to see ‘my mate, Bill’ and later had a sword fight with him.
B Dr Livesey, as a good magistrate, decided to write notes about the noisy, dangerous guest who nearly attacked him at The Admiral Benbow. Complete the notes for him.
This man is usually called
He is also called by his old shipmates. General description, including clothing:
Details of scar and tattoos:
Weapons: (Used against Black Dog; nearly attacked me with ) Health:
due to
58
9780230727618 Sunrise 12 AB 06.indd 58 25/02/2011 10:26
Literary Reader
C Exam practice: Write a paragraph.
Dr Livesey had to write a report of events at The Admiral Benbow up to the captain’s death, and this had to include a short description of the captain. Use your notes in B to write this description. This man was usually called the captain, but he was also
D Match sentence parts 1–7 and a–g to start a summary.
1 The captain arrived with his sea-chest one day, … c 2 He seemed to like the bay and its cliffs … 3 Back at the inn every evening, he used to drink and sing, and tell frightening stories … 4 Jim realized that the captain was nervous about other sailors … 5 While the captain was staying at The Admiral Benbow, Jim’s father became ill, … 6 During one of these visits Dr Livesey refused to listen to a story by the captain, … 7 One day, when the captain was out watching for ships, a horrible looking man called Black Dog arrived … a … and that he was especially worried about a seaman who only had one leg. b … and hid behind the door, waiting to surprise the captain on his return. c … and he decided to stay at The Admiral Benbow. d … who got very angry and nearly attacked him with a knife. e … which he ordered everyone to hear in silence. f … because it was quiet, and he could watch the ships out at sea. g … so Dr Livesey came to look after him. 59
9780230727618 Sunrise 12 AB 06.indd 59 25/02/2011 10:26
Literary Reader
E Match sentence parts 8–15 and h–o to complete the summary.
8 Later, Jim heard the two men talking quietly at first, … 9 Although the captain won the fight and made Black Dog run away, … 10 When Jim later went to see the captain as he was resting in bed, … 11 The day after Jim’s father suddenly died, … 12 Although he was very weak and getting weaker, … 13 Several days later, when Jim was standing at the inn door, … 14 The blind man put something into the frightened captain’s hand, … 15 The captain looked down at the thing in his hand, cried out something about time, …
h … the old seaman told him a little about his secret and the men who were looking for him. i … the captain started coming downstairs again to drink and sing. j … tried to stand up and then fell to the floor, dead. k … but then the conversation turned first into an argument and then a sword fight. l … another visitor, a horrible blind man, arrived and ordered the boy to take him to the captain. m … he collapsed soon after that, and he was lucky that Dr Livesey was there to help him. n … he sat there with his sword, ready for trouble. o … and then he immediately left again.
F Work with a partner. Take turns to read out the whole summary, sentence by sentence.
60
9780230727618 Sunrise 12 AB 06.indd 60 25/02/2011 10:26
Literary Reader
Episode 2: Everything changes at the inn
A Find the mistakes and write out the sentences correctly. (There are always two or more mistakes.) 1 It was about seven o’clock when Jim found the key to the captain’s bedroom door on a piece of string in his pocket. It was about six o’clock
2 Jim and his mother had counted all their money when they heard Black Dog downstairs as he banged on a window and tried to get in.
3 After Pew and six or seven other men had run over the bridge to the inn, most of them stayed outside while he went in, and he found first the chest and then the dead captain’s body.
4 Pew could not see where he should go, and he was injured when he fell under one of his men’s galloping horses.
5 Jim and the others found the captain and carried him to the village, and there he recovered well after a long while.
6 Jim told Mr Dance about the packet that he had taken from the captain’s coat pocket, and he said that he wanted to get it to the squire.
7 The squire was having dinner at Dr Livesey’s house, and there Jim and Mr Dance found them smoking their pipes in the dining-room.
8 When the squire opened the packet that Mr Dance had brought, they found two books and a rolled-up map.
9 The map showed a big country and, on the back of it, there were details about how to find the captain’s treasure there.
10 The squire decided to lead a voyage from London to find the treasure, and the doctor agreed to go, but he also told the squire to tell everyone about the map.
61
9780230727618 Sunrise 12 AB 06.indd 61 25/02/2011 10:26
Literary Reader
B Exam practice: Write a paragraph.
Give full answers to write a paragraph about the situation after the captain’s death. Who did Jim tell about Pew’s visit and the captain’s sudden death as soon as she came? What was it hard for them to decide then? On the one hand, who did Jim want to go and see? And what did he want to tell him about? On the other hand, why didn’t he want to do that? Why were they also against staying together at The Admiral Benbow? What did they therefore decide to do next? Then what did they plan to do after that? Why did they want to do that?
As soon as Jim’s
62
9780230727618 Sunrise 12 AB 06.indd 62 25/02/2011 10:26
Literary Reader
Episode 3: The sea-cook
A Complete Dr Livesey’s notes about the ship.
Name: Weight: Bought by: Where bought: With the help of:
B Complete Dr Livesey’s notes about the new ship’s cook and the new captain. Use his own ideas and all the other information available in Episode 3.
The ship’s cook
Name: Owns and runs: in: General description:
What sort of person he seems to be:
The captain Name: Was found by: Took the job under: What sort of person he seems to be:
Things he told us he did not like: 1)
2) 3)
63
9780230727618 Sunrise 12 AB 06.indd 63 25/02/2011 10:26
Literary Reader
C Exam practice: Write two paragraphs.
Dr Livesey had to write a report about people who took part in the voyage. Use his notes in B to write a paragraph each about the ship’s cook and the captain. The ship’s cook
The captain
D Answer the questions.
1 During the period before the Hispaniola sailed, where were the squire, Dr Livesey and Jim Hawkins?
2 What two things did the squire have to find during this period, and who helped him to find each?
3 Why was Jim sure that Long John Silver could not be the frightening one-legged man who Bill, the guest at The Admiral Benbow, had spoken about?
4 What did Smollett feel were, on the one hand, the good and, on the other hand, the very bad things about Mr Arrow?
64
9780230727618 Sunrise 12 AB 06.indd 64 25/02/2011 10:26
Literary Reader
5 What did members of the crew know about the aim of the voyage that Smollett did now know, and how did he feel about this?
6 Why did Smollett want all the weapons to be kept near the squire and the people who seemed reliable at the stern of the ship?
65
9780230727618 Sunrise 12 AB 06.indd 65 25/02/2011 10:26
Literary Reader
Episode 4: The voyage
A Add the missing words to the summary of Episode 4, Section 1: The voyage begins. Everyone worked hard all (1) to get the ship ready to leave Bristol early the next morning. When the time came, the sailors called for (2) to sing as they lifted the heavy ship’s (3) . The song made Jim remember how the old (4) used to sing back at (5) . The voyage appeared to go quite well at first. The (6) was a good ship, the crew were (7) , and Captain Smollett (8) how to do his job well. There was only one man who was a problem – (9) , but he disappeared one dark, stormy (10) , and it seemed that he must have fallen into the sea. Even though Long John Silver only had one (11) , he was able to get around amazingly well. He was also friendly with everyone, including Jim, and he often invited the cabin boy into his (12) . In there, he kept his parrot, called (13) , and this bird used to keep repeating the words (14) . Silver explained that the parrot had learned these words when a huge (15) of these coins had been pulled up from the seabed.
B Complete these statements about Episode 4, Sections 2 and 3. Tick (3) a, b or c.
1 Jim Hawkins climbed into the barrel on deck a to have a sleep. b to listen to Long John Silver and the others. c to get himself an apple to eat. 3
2 Israel Hands and Long John Silver disagreed about
a the idea of taking the treasure from the squire and the others. b when to take the ship from the squire and the others. c whether to kill the squire and the others afterwards.
66
9780230727618 Sunrise 12 AB 06.indd 66 25/02/2011 10:26
Literary Reader
3 When Smollett showed Long John Silver the map, he asked him to say a where he had once landed for supplies and water many years before. b where the treasure was buried. c where he had once hidden some supplies years before.
4 After Jim had told the others what he had heard in the barrel, they guessed that a there might be nearly four times more people against them than there were for them. b the other side could have nearly 80% of everyone on board the ship. c Long John Silver might have nearly three quarters of everyone on board on his side.
5 Captain Smollett said that they should attack the pirates
a and then turn back to England. b only when they had found out which sailors were for the pirates and which were not. c only after they had found the treasure.
C Exam practice: Write two paragraphs.
Give full answers to summarise things we learn from the conversation that Jim hears by accident. Through the apple barrel episode, what do we discover that Long John Silver really is? By talking to young Dick, what is the older man persuading him to do? Who else does he talk to after this and what do we learn about this man? When Silver talks to Dick about money, how does he show that he is different from the other men? From this, do we realize that he is much more or much less clever than the others? What does he say about his future plans after they take the treasure?
Long John Silver and his future plans
Through the apple barrel incident,
67
9780230727618 Sunrise 12 AB 06.indd 67 25/02/2011 10:26
Literary Reader
Episode 5: We arrive at the island
A Match sentence parts 1–7 and a–g to start a summary of sections 1 and 2. 1 after / Hispaniola (reach) / island / next morning, e 2 men (be) clearly close / mutiny, 3 Smollett (decide) Silver / most / crew should go ashore 4 Jim (decide) to drop quietly into one / pirates’ boats, but Silver (see) him, 5 when Jim later (hear) voices, / quietly (move) closer, 6 (see) that Silver (try) / persuade Tom / join / pirates, 7 then Silver (blow) / whistle, and Jim (guess) that he (call) / men,
a and / (see) that it (be) Silver / one / crew (call) Tom
b and so / (run) back through / woods / save his own life c and when Tom (refuse), Silver cruelly (kill) / poor man d so when / boats (reach) / beach, / boy (jump) out / (run) into / woods for safety e crew (stop) following orders properly / (start) grumbling f because Silver (tell) / men / work properly to hide / secret plan g and so we (have) / meeting / cabin / decide what to do
B Write out the complete summary, expanding as necessary and putting the verbs in the correct forms.
C Work with a partner. Take turns to read out the whole summary, sentence by sentence.
68
9780230727618 Sunrise 12 AB 06.indd 68 25/02/2011 10:26
Literary Reader
D Exam practice: Write three paragraphs.
Tell the story of Ben Gunn and Treasure Island in three short paragraphs. 1 Expand the sentence parts and put them in the correct order to form topic sentences for each paragraph. • on / second visit / Treasure Island, / B.G. (be) on / different ship / (persuade) / crew / help him look for / treasure • in / three years from then until now, / (live) alone, and / (have) only / to eat / all that time • B.G. first (come) / Treasure Island many years ago when / (be) / member of Captain Flint’s crew 2 Write out the first topic sentence below, and then add information to complete the first paragraph. Write about: • other members of the crew • what happened on the island 3 Write out the second topic sentence below, and then add information to complete the second paragraph. Write about: • what happened on the island during the first twelve days • what happened after that 4 Write out the third topic sentence below, and then add information to complete the third paragraph. Write about: • what B.G. seems to have found during these years, and how we know this • what he is frightened about when he first sees Jim • what he promises to give Jim, and why • how he hopes to leave T.I. for ever Ben Gunn and Treasure Island Ben Gunn first came to Treasure Island many years ago when
69
9780230727618 Sunrise 12 AB 06.indd 69 25/02/2011 10:26
Literary Reader
Episode 6: The stockade
A Find the mistakes and write out the sentences correctly. (There are always three or more mistakes.) 1 The doctor and Redruth took two boats and landed far to the right of the pirates’ boat, and not far from a stockade which they had seen from the ship. The doctor and Hunter took
2 After a quick return to the beach, the doctor and the others loaded his seaman’s chest, some food supplies, some swords and some gun powder to take to the stockade.
3 On the boat’s fourth and final trip to the shore, the squire, the doctor, Captain Smollett and three others took with them various supplies. Silver and the other five men they trusted were left behind on the ship.
4 With its heavy load, the boat was low in the water, so when a musket shot from the Hispaniola fell right on it, it began to sink, and everyone had to swim to the beach, leaving all their supplies underwater.
5 Grey and Hunter got the rest of the supplies at low tide, so then everyone inside the stockade had enough food for only eight days – and they could not hope for Blandy’s rescue ship to arrive for several weeks.
6 As Jim returned to his friends with Ben Gunn’s request for a meeting with Captain Smollett, the young cabin-boy saw the Jolly Roger flying above the stockade and Captain Smollett’s flag flying from the ship’s mast.
70
9780230727618 Sunrise 12 AB 06.indd 70 25/02/2011 10:26
Literary Reader
7 After Jim’s return to the ship, he slept long and deep, and he was finally woken up next afternoon by the sound of birds in the trees and the pirates’ request for a peace meeting with Silver, who now called himself ‘Admiral’.
8 Silver threw his hat over the stockade fence, came through the gate in the fence, and then he offered to exchange the lives of everyone outside for some food, but the squire offered instead a fair trial for all the pirates back in England.
9 Angrily, Silver said that the lucky ones would be the ones who died in the coming fight. While he was leaving, everyone prepared swords for the pirate attack which followed two hours later and which left many dead and badly hurt.
B Exam practice: Write a short essay.
1 Take the part of Dr Livesey and write notes about the friends’ situation at the end of the fight. List points in their favour and points in the pirates’ favour. • more/fewer people, control of the stockade/the rest of the island/the ship:
• weapons on both sides:
• supplies on both sides – including food for the friends to survive for how long; how long before a rescue ship can arrive:
2 Use these sentence parts to write the doctor’s introductory paragraph on the next page. following / terrible fight / stockade, / (seem) / good time to consider / situation in detail. Here (be) some / points in our favour / points against us
3 Use your notes from 1 to write three more short paragraphs about the situation on the next page.
71
9780230727618 Sunrise 12 AB 06.indd 71 25/02/2011 10:26
4 Write your conclusion starting as shown below, and then finish with your own answers to these questions. • Are the dangers greater than / less great than the points in your favour? • Do you believe that your friends and you will survive and return home safely, or do you think that your friends and you will be killed and will never leave Treasure Island alive?
Our situation at the end of the fight
Following our terrible fight at the stockade, this seems
After considering our situation from different points of view, I feel that
72
9780230727618 Sunrise 12 AB 06.indd 72 25/02/2011 10:26
Episode 7: My sea adventure A Complete these statements about Episode 7, Sections 1 and 2. Tick (3) a, b or c. 1 Jim left the stockade a soon after the doctor had left. b at the end of the afternoon. 3 c soon after it had got dark.
2 The doctor and Jim
a both took weapons with them when they left the stockade. b told the others where they planned to go. c went to get away from the dead bodies.
3 Before Jim left the stockade, his plan was
a to cut the Hispaniola free. b to get Ben Gunn’s boat and sail out to the ship. c just to find Ben Gunn’s boat.
4 Jim sailed the boat out to the Hispaniola
a so as to take it and keep it somewhere safe from the pirates. b so that he could cut the anchor rope and get on board. c in order to let the ship go and stop the pirates from using it.
5 When Jim cut the rope, the ship and the boat started moving a in opposite directions along the coast. b straight out to sea, away from the island. c in roughly the same direction along the line of the shore.
6 When Jim saw the Hispaniola again next morning,
a he wanted to stop the ship from hitting the rocky shore. b he had the idea of getting the ship back from the pirates. c he realized that there was no one on board.
73
9780230727618 Sunrise 12 AB 06.indd 73 25/02/2011 10:26
B Add the missing words to the summary of Episode 7, Sections 3 and 4. After Jim had climbed on board the (1) , he found two men who both seemed (2) . Jim was thinking that they must have killed each other, but then one of them – (3) – moved and asked for some brandy. Jim found some brandy for the pirate, gave it to him, and then told the man that he, Jim Hawkins, was now in charge. Both Jim and Hands now wanted to beach the (4) somewhere safe, but Jim did not know how to sail the ship and Hands was not strong enough to do the job. Instead, he offered to tell the boy what to do, and soon Jim was (5) the ship into the safety of the (6) . Just before the Hispaniola beached, Jim turned to find Hands standing with a (7) in his hand, ready to kill him. He came towards Jim, but Jim quickly moved to avoid the attack. And then the ship hit the shore violently and fell to one (8) , throwing both man and boy to the (9) . Jim quickly got up, ran to the nearest (10) and started climbing up. When he was high up, he stopped to load his (11) . But Hands was following fast. Then he too stopped as he (12) the knife and hit Jim in the (13) . Despite this, Jim was able to fire both guns, and Hands fell into the (14) with a cry. Finding that he was not badly hurt, Jim threw the other dead man into the water, too. Then, leaving the ship as safe as he could, he started walking back as fast as possible to the (15) to tell his friends everything that had happened. He finally got there late at (16) , and he was happy to hear loud snoring as his friends slept inside. But then, going in through the (17) , he was surprised to hear a strange voice calling out, ‘Pieces of eight! Pieces of eight!’ It was the (18) , Captain Flint! There was no time to do anything: in a moment, the pirates were awake, and they quickly caught Jim. There was no escape!
74
9780230727618 Sunrise 12 AB 06.indd 74 25/02/2011 10:26
C Exam practice: Write a short, imaginative essay. Imagine yourself, as Jim, asleep in the boat. Describe your dreams about home and events at The Admiral Benbow. Describe three of the events – strange, frightening or sad – that you remember most clearly. Write a short paragraph about each.
My dreams about home and events at The Admiral Benbow
After I had fallen asleep, I soon started dreaming about
75
9780230727618 Sunrise 12 AB 06.indd 75 25/02/2011 10:26
Episode 8: Captain Silver A Answer the questions about Sections 1–3. 1 When Jim wrote, ‘So, my friends were alive.’ what did he mean?
2 The pirates went outside to discuss someone, and to decided whether to do something. Who, and what?
3 Why did Silver think that Jim was more useful alive than dead?
4 How did Silver change his men’s minds and make them support him again? (Make two points.)
5 Why did the doctor come to the stockade the next morning?
6 What was Silver most worried about, and how did he ask the doctor to help him?
7 How did the doctor feel about Jim’s recent actions – a) before he heard the boy’s explanation, and b) after he heard it?
76
9780230727618 Sunrise 12 AB 06.indd 76 25/02/2011 10:26
B Match sentence parts 1–9 and a–i to start a summary of sections 4–6. 1 when / pirates (go) up / hill to find / treasure, d 2 pirates (be) frightened first to find / skeleton 3 they (become) very excited as / (get) near / treasure site, but 4 shock (change) to anger and / (turn) to kill Silver / Jim, but 5 during their return to / boats, / doctor (explain) everything and Jim (learn) 6 after (destroy) one boat / and (row) / other along / coast to / cave, 7 squire (not want) to accept Silver, but by the evening that terrible pirate 8 it (take) days (load) all / treasure / Hispaniola, but then they (be) ready: 9 when / reach Mexico, Long John Silver (disappear) with / bag / coins
a they (join) / squire / Captain Smollett – and there of course (be) / treasure, too b and then to hear what they (think) was / sound of / ghost singing c then musket shots (hit) two / them and / other three quickly (run) away d Long John Silver (tie) Jim with some rope / (make) him follow e and / others (sail) away / England with all the rest / treasure f when / (reach) it all they (find) was / large, empty hole g (leave) some supplies for / three pirates, and / (sail) away from Treasure Island for ever h (turn) himself back into / same friendly seaman he (seem) to be / Bristol long before i that Ben Gunn (find) and (move) / treasure to / secret cave long before C Write out the complete summary, expanding as necessary and putting the verbs in the correct forms.
77
9780230727618 Sunrise 12 AB 06.indd 77 25/02/2011 10:26
D Interpret the text. 1 How did Jim react in Section 1 when Long John Silver told him he had the treasure map, and what did Jim probably think then?
2 What do we learn in Section 5 that shows why the doctor was happy to give the map to Silver?
3 What did the doctor mean in Section 3 when he told Silver to expect trouble?
E Exam practice: Write a short, imaginative narrative.
In Episode 6, Dr Livesey tells part of the story. Now do the same for the time after he leaves the stockade at the start of Episode 7. Imagine and tell the doctor’s story of his journey to find and talk to Ben Gunn. When you narrate their conversation, use a mixture of direct and reported speech. What happened after I left the stockade After eating lunch, I picked up two pistols, a musket, a sword and the treasure map and walked quickly into the woods to the north.
78
9780230727618 Sunrise 12 AB 06.indd 78 25/02/2011 10:26
79
9780230727618 Sunrise 12 AB 06.indd 79 25/02/2011 10:26
Macmillan Education Between Towns Road, Oxford OX4 3PP A division of Macmillan Publishers Limited Companies and representatives throughout the world
All rights reserved; no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, transmitted in any form, or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publishers.
Design and layout by Zed
Illustrated by Juliet Breese pp. 2, 3, 4, 6, 10, 11, 12, 14, 15, 16, 17, 20, 21, 24, 26, 28, 31, 32, 33, 34, 36, 38, 41, 42, 44, 46, 49, 50, 52, 53, 55, 56; Wes Lowe pp. 59, 60, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 68, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 79; Oxford Illustrators pp. 18, 21, 30; David Till p. 22; Zed pp. 8, 34, 37, 39 The author and publishers would like to thank the following for permission to reproduce their photographs: Corbis/Aerial Focus p12, Corbis/ Homer Sykes p21; Getty/ Fuse p54.
Cover design by Wild Apple Design
The authors and publisher would like to thank the following people for their invaluable advice, contribution and support in the writing of this work for use in schools in the Kurdistan Region: Content Supervision: Curriculum Department – Ministry of Education – KRG Mrs Nasreen Anwar Rashid English Language Development and Evaluation Committee. Kurdish Pages Translation: Mr Shaswar Kamal Mahmud
Printed and bound in Lebanon
2015 2014 2013 2012 2011 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
9780230727618 Sunrise 12 AB 06.indd 80 25/02/2011 15:53
