SUPREME COURT REPORTS ANNOTATED VOLUME 554 10/13/21, 10:32 PM

G.R. No. 182484. June 17, 2008.*

DANIEL MASANGKAY TAPUZ, AURORA TAPUZ-

MADRIAGA, LIBERTY M. ASUNCION, LADYLYN
BAMOS MADRIAGA, EVERLY TAPUZ MADRIAGA,
EXCEL TAPUZ, IVAN TAPUZ AND MARIAN TIMBAS,
petitioners, vs. HONORABLE JUDGE ELMO DEL
ROSARIO, in his capacity as Presiding Judge of RTC Br. 5
Kalibo, SHERIFF NELSON DELA CRUZ, in his capacity
as Sheriff of the RTC, THE PHILIPPINE NATIONAL
POLICE stationed in Boracay Island, represented by the
PNP STATION COMMANDER, THE HONORABLE
COURT OF APPEALS IN CEBU 18TH DIVISION,
SPOUSES GREGORIO SANSON & MA. LOURDES T.
SANSON, respondents.

Forum Shopping; Forum shopping trifles with the courts,

abuses their processes, degrades the administration of justice and
congest court dockets. Willful and deliberate violation of the rule
against it is a ground for summary dismissal of the case, it may also
constitute direct contempt.·To restate the prevailing rules, „forum
shopping is the institution of two or more actions or proceedings
involving the same parties for the same cause of action, either
simultaneously or successively, on the supposition that one or the
other court would make a favorable disposition. Forum shopping
may be resorted to by any party against whom an adverse judgment
or order has been issued in one forum, in an attempt to seek a
favorable opinion in another, other than by appeal or a special civil
action for certiorari. Forum shopping trifles with the courts, abuses
their processes, degrades the administration of justice and congest
court dockets. Willful and deliberate violation of the rule against it
is a ground for summary dismissal of the case; it may also
constitute direct contempt.‰ Additionally, the required verification
and certification of non-forum shopping is defective as one (1) of the
seven (7) petitioners·Ivan Tapuz·did not sign, in violation of
Sections 4 and 5 of Rule 7; Section 3, Rule 46; Section 1, Rule 65; all
in relation with Rule 56 of the Revised Rules of Court. Of those who

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signed, only five (5) exhibited their postal identification cards with
the Notary Public.

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* EN BANC.

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Writ of Amparo; The Writ of Amparo, Explained.·To start off

with the basics, the writ of amparo was originally conceived as a
response to the extraordinary rise in the number of killings and
enforced disappearances, and to the perceived lack of available and
effective remedies to address these extraordinary concerns. It is
intended to address violations of or threats to the rights to life,
liberty or security, as an extraordinary and independent remedy
beyond those available under the prevailing Rules, or as a remedy
supplemental to these Rules. What it is not, is a writ to protect
concerns that are purely property or commercial. Neither is
it a writ that we shall issue on amorphous and uncertain
grounds. Consequently, the Rule on the Writ of Amparo·in line
with the extraordinary character of the writ and the reasonable
certainty that its issuance demands·requires that every petition
for the issuance of the writ must be supported by justifying
allegations of fact.
Same; The writ shall issue if the Court is preliminary satisfied
with the prima facie existence of the ultimate facts determinable
from the supporting affidavits that detail the circumstances of how
and to what extent a threat to or violation of the rights to life, liberty
and security of the aggrieved party was or is being committed.·The
writ shall issue if the Court is preliminarily satisfied with the
prima facie existence of the ultimate facts determinable from the
supporting affidavits that detail the circumstances of how and to
what extent a threat to or violation of the rights to life, liberty and
security of the aggrieved party was or is being committed. The
issuance of the writ of amparo in the present case is anchored on
the factual allegations heretofore quoted, that are essentially
repeated in paragraph 54 of the petition.
Same; If the petitioners wish to seek redress and hold the alleged
perpetrators criminally accountable, the remedy may lie more in the
realm of ordinary criminal prosecution rather than on the use of the

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extraordinary remedy of the writ of amparo.·Under these legal and

factual situations, we are far from satisfied with the prima facie
existence of the ultimate facts that would justify the issuance of a
writ of amparo. Rather than acts of terrorism that pose a continuing
threat to the persons of the petitioners, the violent incidents alleged
appear to us to be purely property-related and focused on the
disputed land. Thus, if the petitioners wish to seek redress and hold
the alleged perpetrators criminally accountable, the remedy may lie

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more in the realm of ordinary criminal prosecution rather than on

the use of the extraordinary remedy of the writ of amparo.
Same; The writ of amparo, particularly, should not issue when
applied for as substitute for the appeal or certiorari process, or when
it will inordinately interfere with these processes·the situation
obtaining in the present case.·Separately from these
considerations, we cannot fail but consider too at this point the
indicators, clear and patent to us, that the petitionersÊ present
recourse via the remedy of the writ of amparo is a mere subterfuge
to negate the assailed orders that the petitioners sought and failed
to nullify before the appellate court because of the use of an
improper remedial measure. We discern this from the petitionersÊ
misrepresentations pointed out above; from their obvious act of
forum shopping; and from the recourse itself to the extraordinary
remedies of the writs of certiorari and amparo based on grounds
that are far from forthright and sufficiently compelling. To be sure,
when recourses in the ordinary course of law fail because of
deficient legal representation or the use of improper remedial
measures, neither the writ of certiorari nor that of amparo·
extraordinary though they may be·will suffice to serve as a
curative substitute. The writ of amparo, particularly, should not
issue when applied for as a substitute for the appeal or certiorari
process, or when it will inordinately interfere with these processes
·the situation obtaining in the present case. While we say all
these, we note too that the Rule on the Writ of Amparo provides for
rules on the institution of separate actions, for the effect of earlier-
filed criminal actions, and for the consolidation of petitions for the
issuance of a writ of amparo with a subsequently filed criminal and
civil action. These rules were adopted to promote an orderly
procedure for dealing with petitions for the issuance of the writ of

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amparo when the parties resort to other parallel recourses.

Writ of Habeas Data; Section 6 of the Rule of the Writ of Habeas
Data requires the following material allegations of ultimate facts in
a petition for the issuance of a writ of habeas data.·Section 6 of the
Rule on the Writ of Habeas Data requires the following material
allegations of ultimate facts in a petition for the issuance of a writ
of habeas data: „(a) The personal circumstances of the petitioner
and the respondent; (b) The manner the right to privacy is
violated or threatened and how it affects the right to life,
liberty or security of the aggrieved party; (c) The actions and
recourses

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taken by the petitioner to secure the data or information; (d)

The location of the files, registers or databases, the
government office, and the person in charge, in possession or
in control of the data or information, if known; (e) The reliefs
prayed for, which may include the updating, rectification,
suppression or destruction of the database or information or files
kept by the respondent. In case of threats, the relief may include a
prayer for an order enjoining the act complained of; and (f) Such
other relevant reliefs as are just and equitable.‰
Same; Allegations obviously lack what the Rule on Writ of
Habeas Data requires as a minimum, thus rendering the petition
fatally deficient.·These allegations obviously lack what the Rule on
Writ of Habeas Data requires as a minimum, thus rendering the
petition fatally deficient. Specifically, we see no concrete allegations
of unjustified or unlawful violation of the right to privacy related to
the right to life, liberty or security. The petition likewise has not
alleged, much less demonstrated, any need for information under
the control of police authorities other than those it has already set
forth as integral annexes. The necessity or justification for the
issuance of the writ, based on the insufficiency of previous efforts
made to secure information, has not also been shown. In sum, the
prayer for the issuance of a writ of habeas data is nothing more
than the „fishing expedition‰ that this Court·in the course of
drafting the Rule on habeas data·had in mind in defining what the
purpose of a writ of habeas data is not. In these lights, the outright
denial of the petition for the issuance of the writ of habeas data is

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fully in order.

SPECIAL CIVIL ACTION in the Supreme Court.

Certiorari.
The facts are stated in the resolution of the Court.
Nelson A. Loyola pro bono counsel for petitioners.
Stephen C. Arceño for respondents.

RESOLUTION

BRION, J.:

Before us for the determination of sufficiency of form and

substance (pursuant to Sections 1 and 4 of Rule 65 of the
Re-

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vised Rules of Court; Sections 1 and 5 of the Rule on the

Writ of Amparo;1 and Sections 1 and 6 of the Rule on the
Writ of Habeas Data2) is the petition for certiorari and for
the issuance of the writs of amparo and habeas data filed
by the above-named petitioners against the Honorable
Judge Elmo del Rosario [in his capacity as presiding judge
of RTC Br. 5, Kalibo], Sheriff Nelson de la Cruz [in his
capacity as Sheriff of the RTC], the Philippine National
Police stationed in Boracay Island, represented by the PNP
Station Commander, the Honorable Court of Appeals in
Cebu, 18th Division, and the spouses Gregorio Sanson and
Ma. Lourdes T. Sanson, respondents.
The petition and its annexes disclose the following
material antecedents:
The private respondents spouses Gregorio Sanson and
Ma. Lourdes T. Sanson (the „private respondents‰), filed
with the Fifth Municipal Circuit Trial Court of Buruanga-
Malay, Aklan (the „MCTC‰) a complaint3 dated 24 April
2006 for forcible entry and damages with a prayer for the
issuance of a writ of preliminary mandatory injunction
against the petitioners Daniel Masangkay Tapuz, Aurora
Tapuz-Madriaga, Liberty M. Asuncion, Ladylyn Bamos
Madriaga, Everly Tapuz Madriaga, Excel Tapuz, Ivan

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Tapuz and Marian Timbas (the „petitioners‰) and other

John Does numbering about 120. The private respondents
alleged in their complaint that: (1) they are the registered
owners under TCT No. 35813 of a 1.0093-hectare parcel of
land located at Sitio Pinaungon, Balabag, Boracay, Malay,
Aklan (the „disputed land‰); (2) they were the disputed
landÊs prior possessors when the petitioners·armed with
bolos and carrying suspected firearms and together with
unidentified persons numbering 120·entered the disputed
land by force and intimidation, without the private

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1 A.M. No. 07-9-12-SC.

2 A.M. No. 08-1-16-SC.
3 Rollo, pp. 71-76.

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respondentsÊ permission and against the objections of the

private respondentsÊ security men, and built thereon a nipa
and bamboo structure.
In their Answer4 dated 14 May 2006, the petitioners
denied the material allegations of the complaint. They
essentially claimed that: (1) they are the actual and prior
possessors of the disputed land; (2) on the contrary, the
private respondents are the intruders; and (3) the private
respondentsÊ certificate of title to the disputed property is
spurious. They asked for the dismissal of the complaint and
interposed a counterclaim for damages.
The MCTC, after due proceedings, rendered on 2
January 2007 a decision5 in the private respondentsÊ favor.
It found prior possession·the key issue in forcible entry
cases·in the private respondentsÊ favor, thus:

„The key that could unravel the answer to this question lies in
the Amended CommissionerÊs Report and Sketch found on pages
245 to 248 of the records and the evidence the parties have
submitted. It is shown in the Amended CommissionerÊs Report and
Sketch that the land in question is enclosed by a concrete and
cyclone wire perimeter fence in pink and green highlighter as
shown in the Sketch Plan (p. 248). Said perimeter fence was

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constructed by the plaintiffs 14 years ago. The foregoing findings of

the Commissioner in his report and sketch collaborated the claim of
the plaintiffs that after they acquired the land in question on May
27, 1993 through a Deed of Sale (Annex ÂA,Ê Affidavit of Gregorio
Sanson, p. 276, rec.), they caused the construction of the perimeter
fence sometime in 1993 (Affidavit of Gregorio Sanson, pp. 271-275,
rec.).
From the foregoing established facts, it could be safely inferred
that the plaintiffs were in actual physical possession of the whole
lot in question since 1993 when it was interrupted by the
defendants (sic) when on January 4, 2005 claiming to (sic) the Heirs
of Antonio Tapuz entered a portion of the land in question with view
of inhabiting the same and building structures therein prompting
plaintiff

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4 Id., pp. 87-102.

5 Penned by Judge Raul C. Barrios, id., pp. 108-115.

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Gregorio Sanson to confront them before BSPU, Police Chief

Inspector Jack L. Wanky and Barangay Captain Glenn Sacapaño.
As a result of their confrontation, the parties signed an Agreement
(Annex ÂD,Ê Complaint, p. 20) wherein they agreed to vacate the
disputed portion of the land in question and agreed not to build any
structures thereon.
The foregoing is the prevailing situation of the parties after the
incident of January 4, 2005 when the plaintiff posted security
guards, however, sometime on or about 6:30 A.M. of April 19, 2006,
the defendants some with bolos and one carrying a sack suspected
to contain firearms with other John Does numbering about 120
persons by force and intimidation forcibly entered the premises
along the road and built a nipa and bamboo structure (Annex ÂE,Ê
Complaint, p. 11) inside the lot in question which incident was
promptly reported to the proper authorities as shown by plaintiffsÊ
Certification (Annex ÂF,Ê Complaint, p. 12) of the entry in the police
blotter and on same date April 19, 2006, the plaintiffs filed a
complaint with the Office of the Lupong Tagapamayapa of
Barangay Balabag, Boracay Island, Malay, Aklan but no settlement
was reached as shown in their Certificate to File Action (Annex ÂG,Ê

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Complaint, p. 13); hence the present action.

DefendantsÊ (sic) contend in their answer that Âprior to January
4, 2005, they were already occupants of the property, being
indigenous settlers of the same, under claim of ownership by open
continuous, adverse possession to the exclusion of other (sic).Ê
(Paragraph 4, Answer, p. 25).
The contention is untenable. As adverted earlier, the land in
question is enclosed by a perimeter fence constructed by the
plaintiffs sometime in 1993 as noted by the Commissioner in his
Report and reflected in his Sketch, thus, it is safe to conclude that
the plaintiffs where (sic) in actual physical possession of the land in
question from 1993 up to April 19, 2006 when they were ousted
therefrom by the defendants by means of force. Applying by analogy
the ruling of the Honorable Supreme Court in the case of Molina, et
al. vs. De Bacud, 19 SCRA 956, if the land were in the possession of
plaintiffs from 1993 to April 19, 2006, defendantsÊ claims to an older
possession must be rejected as untenable because possession as a
fact cannot be recognized at the same time in two different
personalities.
Defendants likewise contend that it was the plaintiffs who forcibly
entered the land in question on April 18, 2006 at about 3:00

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oÊclock in the afternoon as shown in their Certification (Annex ÂD,Ê

DefendantsÊ Position Paper, p. 135, rec.).
The contention is untenable for being inconsistent with their
allegations made to the commissioner who constituted (sic) the land
in question that they built structures on the land in question only
on April 19, 2006 (Par. D.4, CommissionerÊs Amended Report, pp.
246 to 247), after there (sic) entry thereto on even date.
Likewise, said contention is contradicted by the categorical
statements of defendantsÊ witnesses, Rowena Onag, Apolsida
Umambong, Ariel Gac, Darwin Alvarez and Edgardo Pinaranda, in
their Joint Affidavit (pp. 143- Â144, rec.) [sic] categorically stated
Âthat on or about April 19, 2006, a group of armed men entered the
property of our said neighbors and built plastic roofed tents. These
armed men threatened to drive our said neighbors away from their
homes but they refused to leave and resisted the intruding armed
men.Ê
From the foregoing, it could be safely inferred that no incident of
forcible entry happened on April 18, 2006 but it was only on April

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19, 2006 when the defendants overpowered by their numbers the

security guards posted by the plaintiffs prior to the controversy.
Likewise, defendants (sic) alleged burnt and other structures
depicted in their pictures attached as annexes to their position
paper were not noted and reflected in the amended report and
sketch submitted by the Commissioner, hence, it could be safely
inferred that these structures are built and (sic) situated outside
the premises of the land in question, accordingly, they are irrelevant
to the instant case and cannot be considered as evidence of their
actual possession of the land in question prior to April 19, 2006.‰6

The petitioners appealed the MCTC decision to the

Regional Trial Court („RTC,‰ Branch 6 of Kalibo, Aklan)
then presided over by Judge Niovady M. Marin („Judge
Marin‰).
On appeal, Judge Marin granted the private
respondentsÊ motion for the issuance of a writ of
preliminary mandatory injunction through an Order dated
26 February 2007, with the issuance conditioned on the
private respondentsÊ posting

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6 Id., pp. 111-113.

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of a bond. The writ7·authorizing the immediate

implementation of the MCTC decision·was actually issued
by respondent Judge Elmo F. del Rosario (the „respondent
Judge‰) on 12 March 2007 after the private respondents
had complied with the imposed condition. The petitioners
moved to reconsider the issuance of the writ; the private
respondents, on the other hand, filed a motion for
demolition.
The respondent Judge subsequently denied the
petitionersÊ Motion for Reconsideration and to Defer
Enforcement of Preliminary Mandatory Injunction in an
Order dated 17 May 2007.8
Meanwhile, the petitioners opposed the motion for
demolition.9 The respondent Judge nevertheless issued via

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a Special Order10 a writ of demolition to be implemented

fifteen (15) days after the Sheriff Ês written notice to the
petitioners to voluntarily demolish their house/s to allow
the private respondents to effectively take actual
possession of the land.
The petitioners thereafter filed on 2 August 2007 with
the Court of Appeals, Cebu City, a Petition for Review11
(under Rule 42 of the 1997 Rules of Civil Procedure) of the
Permanent Mandatory Injunction and Order of
Demolition of the RTC of Kalibo, Br. 6 in Civil Case
No. 7990.
Meanwhile, respondent Sheriff Nelson R. dela Cruz
issued the Notice to Vacate and for Demolition on 19 March
2008.12
It was against this factual backdrop that the petitioners
filed the present petition last 29 April 2008. The petition
contains and prays for three remedies, namely: a petition
for certiorari under Rule 65 of the Revised Rules of Court;
the issuance of a writ of habeas data under the Rule on the
Writ

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7 Id., p. 191.
8 Id., p. 44.
9 Id., pp. 66-70.
10 Id., p. 79.
11 Id., pp. 117-150; dated and filed 2 August 2007.
12 Id., p. 116.

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of Habeas Data; and finally, the issuance of the writ of

amparo under the Rule on the Writ of Amparo.
To support the petition and the remedies prayed for, the
petitioners present factual positions diametrically opposed
to the MCTCÊs findings and legal reasons. Most
importantly, the petitioners maintain their claims of prior
possession of the disputed land and of intrusion into this
land by the private respondents. The material factual
allegations of the petition·bases as well of the petition for
the issuance of the writ of amparo·read:

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„29. On April 29, 2006 at about 9:20 a.m. armed men sporting
12 gauge shot guns intruded into the property of the
defendants [the land in dispute]. They were not in uniform. They
fired their shotguns at the defendants. Later the following day at
2:00 a.m. two houses of the defendants were burned to ashes.
30. These armed men [without uniforms] removed the barbed
wire fence put up by defendants to protect their property from
intruders. Two of the armed men trained their shotguns at the
defendants who resisted their intrusion. One of them who was
identified as SAMUEL LONGNO y GEGANSO, 19 years old, single,
and a resident of Binun-an, Batad, Iloilo, fired twice.
31. The armed men torched two houses of the defendants
reducing them to ashes. [...]
32.  These acts of TERRORISM and (heinous crime) of
ARSON were reported by one of the HEIRS OF ANTONIO
TAPUZ [...]. The terrorists trained their shotguns and fired
at minors namely IVAN GAJISAN and MICHAEL
MAGBANUA, who resisted their intrusion. Their act is a
blatant violation of the law penalizing Acts of Violence
against women and children, which is aggravated by the use
of high-powered weapons.
[⁄]
34.  That the threats to the life and security of the poor indigent
and unlettered petitioners continue because the private
respondents Sansons have under their employ armed men and they
are influential with the police authorities owing to their financial
and political clout.

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35.  The actual prior occupancy, as well as the ownership of the

lot in dispute by defendants and the atrocities of the terrorists
[introduced into the property in dispute by the plaintiffs] are
attested by witnesses who are persons not related to the defendants
are therefore disinterested witnesses in the case namely: Rowena
Onag, Apolsida Umambong, Ariel Gac, Darwin Alvarez and
Edgardo Penarada. Likewise, the affidavit of Nemia T. Carmen is
submitted to prove that the plaintiffs resorted to atrocious acts
through hired men in their bid to unjustly evict the defendants.‰13

The petitioners posit as well that the MCTC has no

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jurisdiction over the complaint for forcible entry that the

private respondents filed below. Citing Section 33 of The
Judiciary Reorganization Act of 1980, as amended by
Republic Act No. 7691,14 they maintain that the forcible
entry case in fact involves issues of title to or possession of
real property or an interest therein, with the assessed
value of the property involved exceeding P20,000.00; thus,
the case should be originally cognizable by the RTC.
Accordingly, the petitioners reason out that the RTC·to
where the MCTC decision was appealed·equally has no
jurisdiction to rule on the case on appeal and could not
have validly issued the assailed orders.

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13 Id., pp. 11-12.

14 Section 33. Jurisdiction of Metropolitan Trial Courts, Municipal
Trial Courts and Municipal Circuit Trial Courts in Civil Cases.·
Metropolitan Trial Courts, Municipal Trial Courts and Municipal Circuit
Trial Courts shall exercise:
[⁄]
(3) Exclusive original jurisdiction in all civil actions which involve title
to, or possession of, real property, or any interest therein where the
assessed value of the disputed property or interest therein does not exceed
Twenty Thousand Pesos (P20,000.00) or, in civil actions in Metro Manila,
where such assessed value does not exceed Fifty Thousand Pesos
(P50,000.00) exclusive of interest, damages of whatever kind, attorneyÊs
fees, litigation expenses and costs: Provided, That in cases of land not
declared for taxation purposes, the value of such property shall be
determined by the assessed value of the adjacent lots.

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OUR RULING

We find the petitions for certiorari and issuance of

a writ of habeas data fatally defective, both in
substance and in form. The petition for the issuance
of the writ of amparo, on the other hand, is fatally
defective with respect to content and substance.

The Petition for Certiorari

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We conclude, based on the outlined material antecedents

that led to the petition, that the petition for certiorari to
nullify the assailed RTC orders has been filed out of time.
It is not lost on us that the petitioners have a pending
petition with the Court of Appeals (the „CA petition‰) for
the review of the same RTC orders now assailed in the
present petition, although the petitioners never disclosed in
the body of the present petition the exact status of their
pending CA petition. The CA petition, however, was filed
with the Court of Appeals on 2 August 2007, which
indicates to us that the assailed orders (or at the very least,
the latest of the interrelated assailed orders) were received
on 1 August 2007 at the latest. The present petition, on
the other hand, was filed on April 29, 2008 or more than
eight months from the time the CA petition was filed. Thus,
the present petition is separated in point of time from the
assumed receipt of the assailed RTC orders by at least
eight (8) months, i.e., beyond the reglementary period of
sixty (60) days15 from receipt of the assailed order or orders
or from notice of the denial of a seasonably filed motion for
reconsideration.
We note in this regard that the petitionersÊ counsel
stated in his attached „Certificate of Compliance with
Circular #1-88 of the Supreme Court‰16 („Certificate of
Compliance‰) that „in

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15 Under Section 4, Rules 65 of the Revised Rules of Court.

16 Rollo, pp. 27-28; A separate substitute compliance for the required
Statement of Material Dates in petitions for certiorari under

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the meantime the RTC and the Sheriff issued a NOTICE

TO VACATE AND FOR DEMOLITION not served to
counsel but to the petitioners who sent photo copy of the
same NOTICE to their counsel on April 18, 2008 by LBC.‰
To guard against any insidious argument that the present
petition is timely filed because of this Notice to Vacate, we
feel it best to declare now that the counting of the 60-day

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reglementary period under Rule 65 cannot start from the

April 18, 2008 date cited by the petitionersÊ counsel. The
Notice to Vacate and for Demolition is not an order that
exists independently from the RTC orders assailed in this
petition and in the previously filed CA petition. It is merely
a notice, made in compliance with one of the assailed
orders, and is thus an administrative enforcement medium
that has no life of its own separately from the assailed
order on which it is based. It cannot therefore be the
appropriate subject of an independent petition for certiorari
under Rule 65 in the context of this case. The April 18,
2008 date cannot likewise be the material date for Rule 65
purposes as the above-mentioned Notice to Vacate is not
even directly assailed in this petition, as the petitionÊs
Prayer patently shows.17
Based on the same material antecedents, we find too
that the petitioners have been guilty of willful and
deliberate misrepresentation before this Court and, at the
very least, of forum shopping.
By the petitionersÊ own admissions, they filed a petition
with the Court of Appeals (docketed as CA-G.R. SP No.
02859) for the review of the orders now also assailed in this
petition, but brought the present recourse to us, allegedly
because „the CA did not act on the petition up to this date
and for the petitioner (sic) to seek relief in the CA would be a
waste of time and would render the case moot and academic
since the CA refused to resolve pending urgent motions and
the

_______________

the second paragraph of Section 3, Rule 46, in relations

with Rules 56 and 65 of the Revised Rules of Court.

17 Id., p. 24.

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Sheriff is determined to enforce a writ of demolition despite

the defect of LACK OF JURISDICTION.‰18
Interestingly, the petitionersÊ counsel·while making
this claim in the body of the petition·at the same time

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represented in his Certificate of Compliance19 that:

„x x x
(e) the petitioners went up to the Court of Appeals to question
the WRIT OF PRELIMINARY INJUNCTION copy of the petition is
attached (sic);
(f) the CA initially issued a resolution denying the
PETITION because it held that the ORDER TO VACATE AND
FOR DEMOLITION OF THE HOMES OF PETITIONERS is
not capable of being the subject of a PETITION FOR RELIEF,
copy of the resolution of the CA is attached hereto; (italics supplied)
(g) Petitioners filed a motion for reconsideration on August 7,
2007 but up to this date the same had not been resolved copy of the
MR is attached (sic).
x x x‰

The difference between the above representations on

what transpired at the appellate court level is replete with
significance regarding the petitionersÊ intentions. We
discern·from the petitionersÊ act of misrepresenting in the
body of their petition that „the CA did not act on the
petition up to this date‰ while stating the real Court of
Appeals action in the Certification of Compliance·the
intent to hide the real state of the remedies the petitioners
sought below in order to mislead us into action on the RTC
orders without frontally considering the action that the
Court of Appeals had already undertaken.
At the very least, the petitioners are obviously seeking
to obtain from us, via the present petition, the same relief
that it could not wait for from the Court of Appeals in CA-
G.R. SP

_______________

18 Id., p. 9, par. 23 of the Petition.

19 Supra, at note 16.

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No. 02859. The petitionersÊ act of seeking against the same

parties the nullification of the same RTC orders before the

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appellate court and before us at the same time, although

made through different mediums that are both improperly
used, constitutes willful and deliberate forum shopping
that can sufficiently serve as basis for the summary
dismissal of the petition under the combined application of
the fourth and penultimate paragraphs of Section 3, Rule
46; Section 5, Rule 7; Section 1, Rule 65; and Rule 56, all of
the Revised Rules of Court. That a wrong remedy may have
been used with the Court of Appeals and possibly with us
will not save the petitioner from a forum-shopping violation
where there is identity of parties, involving the same
assailed interlocutory orders, with the recourses existing
side by side at the same time.
To restate the prevailing rules, „forum shopping is the
institution of two or more actions or proceedings involving
the same parties for the same cause of action, either
simultaneously or successively, on the supposition that one
or the other court would make a favorable disposition.
Forum shopping may be resorted to by any party against
whom an adverse judgment or order has been issued in one
forum, in an attempt to seek a favorable opinion in another,
other than by appeal or a special civil action for certiorari.
Forum shopping trifles with the courts, abuses their
processes, degrades the administration of justice and
congest court dockets. Willful and deliberate violation of
the rule against it is a ground for summary dismissal of the
case; it may also constitute direct contempt.‰20
Additionally, the required verification and certification
of non-forum shopping is defective as one (1) of the seven
(7) petitioners·Ivan Tapuz·did not sign, in violation of
Sections 4 and 5 of Rule 7; Section 3, Rule 46; Section 1,
Rule 65; all in relation with Rule 56 of the Revised Rules of
Court. Of those

_______________

20 Spouses Julita dela Cruz v. Pedro Joaquin, G.R. No. 162788, July
28, 2005, 464 SCRA 576.

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who signed, only five (5) exhibited their postal

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identification cards with the Notary Public.

In any event, we find the present petition for certiorari,
on its face and on the basis of the supporting attachments,
to be devoid of merit. The MCTC correctly assumed
jurisdiction over the private respondentsÊ complaint, which
specifically alleged a cause for forcible entry and not·as
petitioners may have misread or misappreciated·a case
involving title to or possession of realty or an interest
therein. Under Section 33, par. 2 of The Judiciary
Reorganization Act, as amended by Republic Act (R.A.) No.
7691, exclusive jurisdiction over forcible entry and
unlawful detainer cases lies with the Metropolitan Trial
Courts, Municipal Trial Courts and Municipal Circuit Trial
Courts. These first-level courts have had jurisdiction over
these cases·called accion interdictal·even before the R.A.
7691 amendment, based on the issue of pure physical
possession (as opposed to the right of possession). This
jurisdiction is regardless of the assessed value of the
property involved; the law established no distinctions based
on the assessed value of the property forced into or
unlawfully detained. Separately from accion interdictal are
accion publiciana for the recovery of the right of possession
as a plenary action, and accion reivindicacion for the
recovery of ownership.21 Apparently, these latter actions
are the ones the petitioners refer to when they cite Section
33, par. 3, in relation with Section 19, par. 2 of The
Judiciary Reorganization Act of 1980, as amended by
Republic Act No. 7691, in which jurisdiction may either be
with the first-level courts or the regional trial courts,
depending on the assessed value of the realty subject of the
litigation. As the complaint at the MCTC was patently for
forcible entry, that court committed no jurisdictional error
correctible by certiorari under the present petition.

_______________

21 Reyes v. Sta. Maria, No. L-33213, June 29, 1979, 91 SCRA 164.

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In sum, the petition for certiorari should be

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dismissed for the cited formal deficiencies, for

violation of the non-forum shopping rule, for having
been filed out of time, and for substantive
deficiencies.

The Writ of Amparo

To start off with the basics, the writ of amparo was

originally conceived as a response to the extraordinary rise
in the number of killings and enforced disappearances, and
to the perceived lack of available and effective remedies to
address these extraordinary concerns. It is intended to
address violations of or threats to the rights to life, liberty
or security, as an extraordinary and independent remedy
beyond those available under the prevailing Rules, or as a
remedy supplemental to these Rules. What it is not, is a
writ to protect concerns that are purely property or
commercial. Neither is it a writ that we shall issue
on amorphous and uncertain grounds. Consequently,
the Rule on the Writ of Amparo·in line with the
extraordinary character of the writ and the reasonable
certainty that its issuance demands·requires that every
petition for the issuance of the writ must be supported by
justifying allegations of fact, to wit:

„(a) The personal circumstances of the petitioner;

(b) The name and personal circumstances of the
respondent responsible for the threat, act or omission, or, if
the name is unknown or uncertain, the respondent may be
described by an assumed appellation;
(c) The right to life, liberty and security of the
aggrieved party violated or threatened with violation
by an unlawful act or omission of the respondent, and
how such threat or violation is committed with the
attendant circumstances detailed in supporting
affidavits;
(d) The investigation conducted, if any, specifying
the names, personal circumstances, and addresses of
the investigating authority or individuals, as well as
the manner and conduct of the investigation, together
with any report;

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Tapuz vs. Del Rosario

(e) The actions and recourses taken by the petitioner to

determine the fate or whereabouts of the aggrieved party and the
identity of the person responsible for the threat, act or omission;
and
(f) The relief prayed for.
The petition may include a general prayer for other just and
equitable reliefs.‰22

The writ shall issue if the Court is preliminarily satisfied

with the prima facie existence of the ultimate facts
determinable from the supporting affidavits that detail the
circumstances of how and to what extent a threat to or
violation of the rights to life, liberty and security of the
aggrieved party was or is being committed.
The issuance of the writ of amparo in the present case is
anchored on the factual allegations heretofore quoted,23
that are essentially repeated in paragraph 54 of the
petition. These allegations are supported by the following
documents:

„(a) Joint Affidavit dated 23 May 2006 of Rowena B. Onag,

Apolsida Umambong, Ariel Gac, Darwin Alvarez and Edgardo
Pinaranda, supporting the factual positions of the petitioners, id.,
petitionersÊ prior possession, private respondentsÊ intrusion and the
illegal acts committed by the private respondents and their security
guards on 19 April 2006;
(b) Unsubscribed Affidavit of Nemia Carmen y Tapuz, alleging
the illegal acts (firing of guns, etc.) committed by a security guard
against minors·descendants of Antonio Tapuz;
(c) Unsubscribed Affidavit of Melanie Tapuz y Samindao,
essentially corroborating NemiaÊs affidavit;
(d) Certification dated 23 April 2006 issued by Police Officer
Jackson Jauod regarding the incident of petitionersÊ intrusion into
the disputed land;
(e) Certification dated 27 April 2006 issued by Police Officer
Allan R. Otis, narrating the altercation between the Tapuz family
and the security guards of the private respondents, including the

_______________

22 Section 5 of the Rule on the Writ of Amparo.

23 At pages 7-8 of this Resolution.

786

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Tapuz vs. Del Rosario

gun-poking and shooting incident involving one of the security

guards;
(f) Certification issued by Police Officer Christopher R. Mendoza,
narrating that a house owned by Josiel Tapuz, Jr., rented by a
certain Jorge Buenavente, was accidentally burned by a fire.‰

On the whole, what is clear from these statements·both

sworn and unsworn·is the overriding involvement of
property issues as the petition traces its roots to questions
of physical possession of the property disputed by the
private parties. If at all, issues relating to the right to life
or to liberty can hardly be discerned except to the extent
that the occurrence of past violence has been alleged. The
right to security, on the other hand, is alleged only to the
extent of the threats and harassments implied from the
presence of „armed men bare to the waist‰ and the alleged
pointing and firing of weapons. Notably, none of the
supporting affidavits compellingly show that the
threat to the rights to life, liberty and security of the
petitioners is imminent or is continuing.
A closer look at the statements shows that at least two of
them·the statements of Nemia Carreon y Tapuz and
Melanie Tapuz are practically identical and unsworn. The
Certification by Police Officer Jackson Jauod, on the other
hand, simply narrates what had been reported by one
Danny Tapuz y Masangkay, and even mentions that the
burning of two residential houses was „accidental.‰
As against these allegations are the cited MCTC factual
findings in its decision in the forcible entry case which
rejected all the petitionersÊ factual claims. These findings
are significantly complete and detailed, as they were made
under a full-blown judicial process, i.e., after examination
and evaluation of the contending partiesÊ positions,
evidence and arguments and based on the report of a court-
appointed commissioner.
We preliminarily examine these conflicting factual
positions under the backdrop of a dispute (with incidents
giving

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Tapuz vs. Del Rosario

rise to allegations of violence or threat thereof) that was

brought to and ruled upon by the MCTC; subsequently
brought to the RTC on an appeal that is still pending; still
much later brought to the appellate court without
conclusive results; and then brought to us on interlocutory
incidents involving a plea for the issuance of the writ of
amparo that, if decided as the petitioners advocate, may
render the pending RTC appeal moot.
Under these legal and factual situations, we are far from
satisfied with the prima facie existence of the ultimate
facts that would justify the issuance of a writ of amparo.
Rather than acts of terrorism that pose a continuing threat
to the persons of the petitioners, the violent incidents
alleged appear to us to be purely property-related and
focused on the disputed land. Thus, if the petitioners wish
to seek redress and hold the alleged perpetrators criminally
accountable, the remedy may lie more in the realm of
ordinary criminal prosecution rather than on the use of the
extraordinary remedy of the writ of amparo.
Nor do we believe it appropriate at this time to disturb
the MCTC findings, as our action may carry the
unintended effect, not only of reversing the MCTC ruling
independently of the appeal to the RTC that is now in
place, but also of nullifying the ongoing appeal process.
Such effect, though unintended, will obviously wreak havoc
on the orderly administration of justice, an overriding goal
that the Rule on the Writ of Amparo does not intend to
weaken or negate.
Separately from these considerations, we cannot fail but
consider too at this point the indicators, clear and patent to
us, that the petitionersÊ present recourse via the remedy of
the writ of amparo is a mere subterfuge to negate the
assailed orders that the petitioners sought and failed to
nullify before the appellate court because of the use of an
improper remedial measure. We discern this from the
petitionersÊ misrepresentations pointed out above; from
their obvious act of forum shopping; and from the recourse
itself to the extraordinary

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remedies of the writs of certiorari and amparo based on

grounds that are far from forthright and sufficiently
compelling. To be sure, when recourses in the ordinary
course of law fail because of deficient legal representation
or the use of improper remedial measures, neither the writ
of certiorari nor that of amparo·extraordinary though
they may be·will suffice to serve as a curative substitute.
The writ of amparo, particularly, should not issue when
applied for as a substitute for the appeal or certiorari
process, or when it will inordinately interfere with these
processes·the situation obtaining in the present case.
While we say all these, we note too that the Rule on the
Writ of Amparo provides for rules on the institution of
separate actions,24 for the effect of earlier-filed criminal
actions,25 and for the consolidation of petitions for the
issuance of a writ of amparo with a subsequently filed
criminal and civil action.26 These rules were adopted to
promote an orderly procedure for dealing with petitions for
the issuance of the writ of amparo when the parties resort
to other parallel recourses.

_______________

24 SEC. 21. Institution of Separate Actions.·This Rule shall not

preclude the filing of separate criminal, civil or administrative actions.
25 SEC. 22. Effect of Filing of a Criminal Action.·When a criminal
action has been commenced, no separate petition for the writ shall be
filed. The reliefs under the writ shall be available by motion in the
criminal case.
The procedure under this Rule shall govern the disposition of the
reliefs available under the writ of amparo.
26 SEC. 23. Consolidation.·When a criminal action is filed
subsequent to the filing of a petition for the writ, the latter shall be
consolidated with the criminal action.
When a criminal action and a separate civil action are filed
subsequent to a petition for a writ of amparo, the latter shall be
consolidated with the criminal action.
After consolidation, the procedure under this Rule shall continue to
apply to the disposition of the reliefs in the petition.

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Where, as in this case, there is an ongoing civil process

dealing directly with the possessory dispute and the
reported acts of violence and harassment, we see no point
in separately and directly intervening through a writ of
amparo in the absence of any clear prima facie showing
that the right to life, liberty or security·the personal
concern that the writ is intended to protect·is
immediately in danger or threatened, or that the danger or
threat is continuing. We see no legal bar, however, to an
application for the issuance of the writ, in a proper case, by
motion in a pending case on appeal or on certiorari,
applying by analogy the provisions on the co-existence of
the writ with a separately filed criminal case.

The Writ of Habeas Data

Section 6 of the Rule on the Writ of Habeas Data

requires the following material allegations of ultimate facts
in a petition for the issuance of a writ of habeas data:

„(a) The personal circumstances of the petitioner and the

respondent;
(b) The manner the right to privacy is violated or
threatened and how it affects the right to life, liberty or
security of the aggrieved party;
(c) The actions and recourses taken by the petitioner to
secure the data or information;
(d) The location of the files, registers or databases, the
government office, and the person in charge, in possession
or in control of the data or information, if known;
(e) The reliefs prayed for, which may include the updating,
rectification, suppression or destruction of the database or
information or files kept by the respondent.
In case of threats, the relief may include a prayer for an order
enjoining the act complained of; and
(f) Such other relevant reliefs as are just and equitable.‰
Support for the habeas data aspect of the present petition only
alleges that:

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„1. [ ⁄ ] Similarly, a petition for a WRIT OF HABEAS DATA is

prayed for so that the PNP may release the report on the burning of
the homes of the petitioners and the acts of violence employed
against them by the private respondents, furnishing the Court and
the petitioners with copy of the same;
[⁄]
66. Petitioners apply for a WRIT OF HABEAS DATA
commanding the Philippine National Police [PNP] to produce the
police report pertaining to the burning of the houses of the
petitioners in the land in dispute and likewise the investigation
report if an investigation was conducted by the PNP.‰

These allegations obviously lack what the Rule on Writ

of Habeas Data requires as a minimum, thus rendering the
petition fatally deficient. Specifically, we see no concrete
allegations of unjustified or unlawful violation of the right
to privacy related to the right to life, liberty or security. The
petition likewise has not alleged, much less demonstrated,
any need for information under the control of police
authorities other than those it has already set forth as
integral annexes. The necessity or justification for the
issuance of the writ, based on the insufficiency of previous
efforts made to secure information, has not also been
shown. In sum, the prayer for the issuance of a writ of
habeas data is nothing more than the „fishing expedition‰
that this Court·in the course of drafting the Rule on
habeas data·had in mind in defining what the purpose of a
writ of habeas data is not. In these lights, the outright
denial of the petition for the issuance of the writ of habeas
data is fully in order.
WHEREFORE, premises considered, we hereby
DISMISS the present petition OUTRIGHT for deficiencies
of form and substance patent from its body and
attachments.
SO ORDERED.

Puno (C.J.), Quisumbing, Ynares-Santiago, Carpio,

Austria-Martinez, Corona, Azcuna, Tinga, Chico-Nazario,
Reyes and Leonardo-De Castro, JJ., concur.

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Carpio-Morales, Velasco, Jr. and Nachura, JJ., On

Official Leave.

Petition dismissed.

Note.·An important factor in determining the

existence of forum shopping is the vexation caused to the
courts and the parties-litigants by the filing of similar
cases to claim substantially the same relief. (Lim vs.
Montano, 483 SCRA 192 [2006])

··o0o··

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