9

dkslZ ^ch*

O;kdj.k ifjp;
iwjd&iqfLrdk
[Based on Latest CBSE Syllabus (2020-2021)]

fo"k;&lwph
1- 'kCn vkSj in 2- 'kCn&fopkj
3- vFkZ dh n`f"V ls okD;&Hksn 4- lans'k&ys[ku
5- ukjk&ys[ku

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Full Marks Pvt Ltd

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Website: www.fullmarks.org
E-mail: [email protected]
 d{kk ukSoha ¯gnh ^c*μijh{kk gsrq ikB~;Øe fofunsZ'ku 2020&21
ijh{kk Hkkj foHkktu
fo"k;oLrq mi Hkkj oqQy Hkkj
1 vifBr xn~;ka'k (¯pru {kerk ,oa vfHkO;fDr dkS'ky ij vfr y?kwRRkjkRed
,oa y?kwRRkjkRed iz'u iwNs tk,¡xs) 10
i vifBr xn~;ka'k (100 ls 150 'kCnksa osQ) (1×2=2) (2×4=8) 10
2 O;kdj.k
ikB~;iqLrd esa fn, x, Hkk"kk&vè;;u osQ vk/kj ij (1×16)
i 'kCn vkSj in (2 vad) 02
ii vuqLokj (1 vad)] vuqukfld (1 vad) 02
iii milxZ (2 vad)] izR;; (2 vad)
16
04
iv 'kCn&fopkj 06
• Jqfrle fHkUUkkFkZd 'kCn&2 • i;kZ;okph&2 • foykse&2
v vFkZ dh n`f"V ls okD; Hksn (2 vad) 02
3 ikB~;iqLrd Li'kZ Hkkx&1 o iwjd ikB~;iqLrd lap;u Hkkx&1
v xn~;&[kaM 11
i ikB~;iqLrd Li'kZ osQ xn~; ikBksa osQ vk/kj ij y?kq iz'u (2×3) 06
ii ikB~;iqLrd Li'kZ osQ fu/kZfjr ikBksa (xn~;) ij ,d 05
fuca/kRed iz'u (5×1) (fodYi lfgr)
c dkO;&[kaM 11
28
i ikB~;iqLrd Li'kZ osQ dkO; [kaM osQ vk/kj ij y?kq iz'u (2×3) 06
ii dfork dh le> ij vk/kfjr ,d fuca/kRed iz'u (5×1) 05
(fodYi lfgr)
l iwjd ikB~;iqLrd lap;u Hkkx&1 06
^lap;u* osQ fu/kZfjr ikBksa ls nks iz'u iwNs tk,¡xs (3×2) 06
(fodYi lfgr)
4 ys[ku
v laosQr&¯cnqvksa ij vk/kfjr lelkef;d@O;kogkfjd thou ls tqM+s 06
fo"k;ksa esa ls fdlh ,d fo"k; ij 80 ls 100 'kCnksa esa vuqPNsn
(6×1) (fodYi lfgr)
c vukSipkfjd fo"k; ls lacaf/r i=kA (5×1) (fodYi lfgr) 05
l lans'k&ys[ku ('kqHkdkeuk] ioZ&R;ksgkjksa ,oa fo'ks"k voljksa ij fn, 05 26
tkus okys lans'k) (30&40 'kCnksa esa) (5×1) (fodYi lfgr)
n fdlh ,d fLFkfr ij 50&60 'kCnksa osQ varxZr laokn&ys[ku 05
(5×1) (fodYi lfgr)
b ukjk&ys[ku (LyksxUk ys[ku) 20&30 'kCnksa esa fo"k; ls lacaf/r 05
ys[ku (5×1) (fodYi lfgr)
oqQy 80
fu/kZfjr iqLrosaQ%
1- Li'kZ] Hkkx&1] ,u-lh-bZ-vkj-Vh-] ubZ fnYYkh n~okjk izdkf'kr uohure laLdj.k
2- lap;u] Hkkx&1] ,u-lh-bZ-vkj-Vh-] ubZ fnYYkh n~okjk izdkf'kr uohure laLdj.k
uksV% fuEufyf[kr ikB osQoy iBu osQ fy,A
Li'kZ (Hkkx&1) • oSKkfud psruk osQ okgd panz'ks[kj osadV jkeu • xhr&vxhr
lap;u (Hkkx&1) • dYYkww oqQEgkj dh mukdksVh • esjk NksVk&lk futh iqLrdky;
 'kCn vkSj in
1 (Words & Words
Used in Sentences)

bl vè;k; esa ge 'kCn rFkk in osQ ckjs esa vè;;u djrs gq, ^'kCn* dh
ladYiuk ,oa ^in* dh ladYiuk dks foLrkj ls le>saxsA
'kCn
ge lc yksx viuh&viuh Hkk"kkvksa osQ vufxur 'kCnksa ls ifjfpr gksrs gaS
rFkk bu 'kCnksa dk iz;ksx okD;ksa esa djrs gSaA nky] pkoy] jksVh] lCth] vkVk]
?kj] oqQjlh] est] n-Ýrj vkfn lc ¯gnh esa iz;ksx gksus okys 'kCn gSaA fiNyh
d{kkvksa esa vki ;g i<+ pqosQ gSa fd 'kCnksa dh jpuk èofu;ksa osQ essy ls gksrh
gSA mnkgj.k osQ fy,] ^xkM+h* 'kCn dks gh ysaA ;g 'kCn ^x~ $ vk $ M+~ $ bZ*
èofu;ksa osQ esy ls cuk gSA dgus dk rkRi;Z bruk gh gS fd fofHkUu 'kCnksa dh
jpuk fofHkUUk èofu;ksa osQ esy ls gh gksrh gSA
ij ;g Hkh è;ku j[kuk pkfg, fd èofu;ksa osQ izR;sd esy
(Combination) ls 'kCn ugha cu ldrsA ;fn ge ^xkM+h* 'kCn esa vkbZ
èofu;ksa dk Øe bl izdkjµ M+~ $ vk $ x~ $ bZ* dj nsa rks blls
cuh jpuk ^M+kxh* dk dksbZ vFkZ ugha gksxkA vr% 'kCn osQ fy, ;g
ckr Hkh t:jh gS fd mldk dksbZ&u&dksbZ vFkZ vo'; gksA
blosQ vykok Hkk"kk esa 'kCn vlhfer gksrs gSa rFkk lHkh 'kCn ,d tSls ugha
gksrsA vyx&vyx izdk;Z djus osQ dkj.k gesa vyx&vyx rjg osQ 'kCn feyrs
gSaA 'kCn dh ladYiuk dks le>us osQ fy, ^'kCn* dh fo'ks"krkvksa dks tkuuk
vko';d gSA
'kCn dh fo'ks"krk,¡
1- fofHkUUk èofu;ksa osQ esy ;k la;ksx ls 'kCn curk gSA
;g ^'kCn* dh igyh 'krZ gSA 'kCn fofHkUUk èofu;ksaµLoj rFkk O;atu
osQ esy ls curs gSaA ;s Loj vkSj O;atu èofu;k¡ fofHkUUk vuqØeksa
(Sequences) esa vkdj 'kCn dh jpuk djrh gSa_ tSls& l~] iQ~] y~ O;atu rFkk
^v* Loj osQ esy ls vyx&vyx vuqØeksa esa cus fuEufyf[kr èofu&lewgksa
dks nsf[k,µ
vuqØe&I l~ $ v $ iQ~ $ v $ y~ $ v ¾ liQy
vuqØe&II iQ~ $ v $ l~ $ v $ y~ $ v ¾ iQly
vuqØe&III iQ~ $ v $ y~ $ v $ l~ $ v ¾ iQyl
vuqØe&IV y~ $ v $ l~ $ v $ iQ~ $ v ¾ yliQ
3
 ;gk¡ igys nks vuqØeksa esa cus ^liQy* rFkk ^iQly* èofu&lewg
rks ¯gnh osQ 'kCn gSa_ D;ksafd buosQ vius&vius fuf'pr vFkZ gSa]
ij vuqØe&III rFkk IV osQ varxZr vk, èofu&lewg ^iQyl rFkk
yiQl* ¯gnh osQ 'kCn ugha gSa% D;ksafd ¯gnh esa budk dksbZ vFkZ ugha
gSA vr% ;s nksuksa èofu&lewg ¯gnh Hkk"kk osQ fy, egRoghu gSaA blh
vk/kj ij 'kCn dh nwljh fo'ks"krk dks le> ldrs gSaA
2- 'kCn Hkk"kk dh lkFkZd ;k vFkZoku bdkbZ gSA
bldk rkRi;Z ;gh gS fd èofu;ksa dk ,slk ^esy* ;k ^vuqØe* ftldk Hkk"kk
esa dksbZ vFkZ u gks] og ^'kCn* ugha gSA vuqØe&III rFkk IV esa ^iQyl*
rFkk ^yiQl* osQ dksbZ vFkZ u gksus osQ dkj.k ;s ¯gnh osQ 'kCn ugha gSaA
3- 'kCn Hkk"kk dh Lora=k bdkbZ gSA
;g 'kCn dh lcls izeq[k fo'ks"krk gSA vki tkurs gSa fd 'kCnksa dk iz;ksx ge
okD;ksa easa djrs gSaA tc 'kCn okD;ksa esa iz;qDr fd, tkrs gSa rc os okD;ksa
osQ fu;eksa esa c¡/ tkrs gSaA gj Hkk"kk osQ okD; osQ fu;e vyx&vyx gksrs
gSaA ;s fu;e gh okD; esa vkusokys 'kCnksa dks fu;af=kr (Control) djrs gSaA
mnkgj.k fy,] ^yM+dk*µ ‘boy‘, ^nw/*µ ‘milk‘ rFkk ^ihuk*µ ‘to drink‘
¯gnh rFkk vaxsz”kh osQ lekukFkhZ 'kCn gSa ij tc ;s okD; esa iz;qDr gksrs gSa
rks nksuksa Hkk"kkvksa osQ vyx&vyx fu;eksa osQ vuqlkj gh okD; esa iz;qDr gksrs
gS_ tSlsµ
¯gnh µ yM+dk nw/ ihrk gSA
vaxzs”kh µ Boy drinks milk.
vFkkZr ¯gnh Hkk"kk osQ fu;ekuqlkj ^ihuk* vFkkZr~ fØ;k okD; osQ var esa vkrh
gS rks vaxzs”kh esa okD; osQ chp esa] ijarq ^'kCn* dh lRRkk rks okD; ls ckgj
gksrh gS_ D;ksafd okD; esa iz;qDr 'kCn] ^'kCn* ugha dgykrsA 'kCn rks okD;
osQ fu;eksa ls eqDr Lora=k gksrk gSA mldk bLrseky vki dks'k esa Hkh dj
ldrs gSa] D;ksafd og ,d Lora=k bdkbZ gSA
• fdlh bdkbZ osQ ^Lora=k* gksus osQ nks vFkZ gSaµ
(d) tks fdlh nwljs osQ ra=k esa c¡/k gqvk ugha gSA
([k) tks osQoy vius (Lo) ra=k esas c¡/k gqvk gSA
• 'kCn Lora=k gS] bldk rkRi;Z ;gh gS fd&
(d) 'kCn okD; osQ fu;eksa ls eqDr gksus osQ dkj.k Hkk"kk dh Lora=k
bdkbZ gSA
([k) 'kCn vius ra=k vFkkZr viuh fu;e O;oLFkk esa c¡/k gqvk gSA gj
Hkk"kk esa 'kCn&jpuk dh viuh O;oLFkk gksrh gSA dkSu&lh èofu
fdl èofu osQ lkFk feydj 'kCn cuk,xh rFkk fdlosQ lkFk
feydj ugha cuk,xh] dkSu&lh èofu 'kCn osQ vkjaHk esa vk,xh]
dkSu&lh ugha vk,xh] ;g lc 'kCn dk ^Lo* ;k ^viuk r=k* gS]
4  O;kdj.k ifjp;&9 (dkslZ ^ch*)
 ftlesa gj 'kCn c¡/k gksus osQ dkj.k ^Lora=k* gSA mnkgj.k osQ fy,]
¯gnh osQ 'kCnksa dh fu;e O;oLFkk ;g dgrh gS fd ^M+*]~ ^<+~*]
^.k~*] folxZ] vuqLokj O;atu] 'kCn osQ vkjaHk esa ugha vk ldrsA
;g fu;e O;oLFkk ;k ;g ra=k 'kCn dk viuk gSA
vr% nksuksa gh izdkj ls] okD; ls ckgj gksus rFkk vius ra=k
esa c¡/s jgus osQ dkj.k 'kCn Hkk"kk dh Lora=k bdkbZ gSA
in
;g rks vki tkurs gh gSa fd ^'kCnksa* dk iz;ksx okD;ksa esa rFkk okD;ksa dk
iz;ksx ^okrkZyki* esa fd;k tkrk gSA 'kCn tc okD; esa iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gS rc
fuEufyf[kr dk;Z gksrs gSaµ
1- 'kCn dh Lora=krk lekIr gks tkrh gS vkSj og okD; osQ fu;eksa essa c¡/
tkrk gSA
gj Hkk"kk osQ okD; osQ fu;e okD; esa iz;qDr 'kCnksa dks fu;af=kr djrs gSaA
2- 'kCn osQ :i esa dksbZ&u&dksbZ ifjorZu vo'; gksrk gSA
• bldk vFkZ ;g gqvk fd 'kCn vius ;Fkkor :i esa okD; esa iz;qDr ugha
gks ldrkA tc Hkh 'kCn okD; esa iz;qDr gksrk gS mlesa dksbZ&u&dksbZ :i
ifjofrZr djusokyk izR;; vo'; yxrk gSA
vki tkurs gSa fd laLo`Qr osQ okD; esa iz;ksx fd, tkus ls igys gj
'kCn esa izR;; tksM+k tkrk Fkk] ftlls mldk :i cny tkrk FkkA
blhfy, laLo`Qr lh[krs le; dgk tkrk gS fd gj 'kCn osQ ^:i*
;kn dj yksA mnkgj.k osQ fy, laLo`Qr esa ^ckyd* 'kCn dk iz;ksx
okD; esa ;Fkkor :i eas dHkh ugha gks ldrk] gk¡ ^ckyd* 'kCn ls cus
fofHkUUk :iksa] tSlsµ^ckyd%*] ckydkS*] ^ckydk%*] ^ckyosQu*] ^ckydL;*]
^ckydkH;ke~* vkfn esa ls fdlh ,d :i dk iz;ksx vo'; gksxkA
dgus dk rkRIk;Z bruk gh gS fd okD; esa iz;qDr gkssus ls igys gj 'kCn
esa dksbZ&u&dksbZ :i ifjofrZr djusokyk izR;; vo'; yxrk gSA ¯gnh
esa ^yM+dk* 'kCn ls cus ^yM+osQ*] ^yM+dks!* ^yM+dkas* vkfn 'kCn&:iksa
dk iz;ksx okD; esa gksrk gh gS% tSlsµ
(d) yM+osQ us vke [kk;kA ([k) yM+oQks! esjh ckr lquksA
(x) yM+oQkas us dke ugha fd;kA
• laLo`Qr izR;; iz/ku Hkk"kk gS] vr% gj 'kCn esa dksbZ&u&dksbZ izR;;
vfuok;Z :i ls yxrk gSA blhfy, dfBu Hkh gSA laLo`Qr ls vU;
Hkk"kkvksa dk fodkl ljyrk dh vksj gqvkA ¯gnh dk fodkl Hkh laLo`Qr
ls gqvkA ¯gnh dh fLFkfr ;g gS fd ¯gnh esa gesa dgha izR;; fn[kkbZ
iwjd&iqfLrdk 5
 nsrs gSa rks dgha fn[kkbZ ugha nsrsA blhfy, ¯gnh esa bl rjg osQ iz;ksx Hkh
feyrs gSa_ tSlsµ
(d) yM+oQk ?kj x;kA ([k) yM+oQk dke dj jgk gSA
vFkkZr bu okD;ksa esa vk, ^YkM+dk* 'kCn esa dksbZ izR;; fn[kkbZ ugha ns
jgkA
• oLrqr% ,slh lHkh fLFkfr;ksa osQ fy, tgk¡ okD; esa iz;qDr 'kCn esa izR;;
fn[kkbZ ugha nsrk] vk/qfud Hkk"kk foKku us ,d ^'kwU; izR;;* dh O;oLFkk
nhA vFkkZr ;g eku fy;k x;k fd okD; osQ ftl 'kCn esa ^izR;;* fn[kkbZ
ugha ns jgk rks mlesa ^'kwU; izR;;* gSA
• ^'kwU; izR;;* dh dksbZ fu"ks/kRed lRRkk ugha gSA osQoy :i osQ Lrj ij
gh ^'kwU;* gS] izdk;Z (function) osQ Lrj ij ;g Hkh ogh dk;Z dj jgk
gS] tks ^yM+dk* 'kCn esa yxs ^,*] ^vks*] ^vksa* vkfn izR;; dj jgs gaSA
• bl izdkj fu"d"kZ :i esa dgk tk ldrk gS fd 'kCn tc Hkh okD;
esa iz;qDr gksxk] mlesa :i cnyus okyk dksbZ&u&dksbZ ^izR;;* vo';
yxsxk] Hkys gh og ^'kwU; izR;;* gh D;ksa u gksA bl rjg osQ izR;; dks
:ilk/d izR;; dgrs gSaA
3- okD; esa iz;qDr gksus osQ ckn 'kCn dksbZ&u&dksbZ ^izdk;Z* (function)
vo'; djrk gSA
• tks Hkh 'kCn okD; esa iz;qDr fd;k tkrk gS dksbZ&u&dksbZ izdk;Z vo';
djrk gSA dksbZ ^drkZ* dk dk;Z djrk gS dksbZ ^deZ* dk] dksbZ ^iwjd*
dk rks dksbZ ^fo'ks"k.k* dk ;k ^fØ;kfo'ks"k.k* dkA
mnkgj.k osQ fy,] ^jes'k* vkSj ^lqjs'k* nks laKk 'kCn gSaA fuEufyf[kr
okD;ksa esa buosQ ^izdk;Z* nsf[k,µ
(d) jes'k us lqjs'k dks fdrkc nhA
([k) lqjs'k us jes'k dks fdrkc nhA
;gk¡ igys okD; esa ^jes'k* drkZ dk dk;Z dj jgk gS vkSj ^lqjs'k* deZ
dk] tcfd nwljs okD; esa ^lqjs'k* drkZ dk dk;Z dj jgk gS rFkk ^jes'k*
deZ dkA dgus dk rkRi;Z ;gh gS fd ^uke* vkSj ^in* dk dksbZ egRo
ugha gS] egRo bl ckr dk gS fd dkSu&lk 'kCn okD; esa D;k izdk;Z
dj jgk gS D;kasfd ^izdk;Z* osQ vkèkkj ij gh mldk ^in* r; gksrk gSA
,d vkSj mnkgj.k nsf[k,μ ^esjk*] ^rsjk*] ^viuk*] ^mldk* lHkh loZuke
'kCn gSa] ij fuEufyf[kr okD;ksa esa ;s fo'ks"k.k dk izdk;Z dj jgs gSa]
vr% lkoZukfed fo'ks"k.k dgs tkrs gSaμ
(d) esjk ?kj cgqr iqjkuk gSA
([k) rqe viuk dke djksA
6  O;kdj.k ifjp;&9 (dkslZ ^ch*)
 4. tc dksbZ i<+kus dk dke djrk gS rks mls ^vè;kid* dk in feyrk gS]
dksbZ bykt djrk gS rks ^MkWDVj* dk in rFkk ;fn dksbZ [kkuk cukus dk
dke djrk gS rks ^jlksb,* dk inA dgus dk rkRi;Z ;gh gS fd ^in* dk
fu/kZj.k ^izdk;Z* ls gksrk gSA ^ehjk*] ^eksgu* ;s O;fDr;ksa osQ uke gSa tks
mUgsa ,d&nwljs ls vyx djrs gSa] ysfdu tc nksuksa vè;kiu dk dk;Z djrs
gSa rks os ^vè;kid* (in) dgykrs gSaA
Bhd blh rjg ^'kCn* tc okD; esa vkdj dksbZ&u&dksbZ izdk;Z djus yxrk
gS rc og 'kCn ugha jg tkrk] ^in* cu tkrk gSA ftldk tks izdk;Z] ogh
mldk ^in*A bl rjg ge dg ldrs gSa fdμ
• 'kCn èofu;ksa osQ esy ls cuusokyh Hkk"kk dh vFkZoku ,oa Lora=k
bdkbZ gSA
• 'kCn tc okD; esa iz;qDr gksrs gSa rks os 'kCn ugha] ^in* dgykrs
gSaA bl rjg okD; esa iz;qDr 'kCn gh ^in* gSaA
• ^in* cuus ls igys 'kCn esa dksbZ&u&dksbZ ^:ilk/d izR;;* ;k
^:i ifjorZu djusokyk izR;;* vo'; yxrk gS] Hkys gh og
'kwU; izR;; gh D;ksa u gksA
• okD; esa iz;qDr gksus osQ ckn izR;sd 'kCn dksbZ&u&dksbZ izdk;Z
vo'; djrk gSA vr% izdk;Z osQ vkèkkj ij gh ;g r; fd;k
tkrk gS fd og dkSu&lk ^in* gSA
• ^in* dks ^'kCn :i* Hkh dgrs gSaA

'kCn vkSj in esa varj

'kCn in
1- 'kCn dh lRrk okD; ls ckgj 1- okD; esa iz;qDr 'kCn gh ^in* gSA
gksrh gSA
2- 'kCn Hkk"kk dh Lora=k bdkbZ gS] 2- ^in* Hkk"kk dh ^cn~/* bdkbZ gSA
D;ksafd okD; ls ckgj gksus osQ okD; osQ varxZr gksus osQ dkj.k
dkj.k 'kCn okD; osQ fu;eksa ls ^'kCn* Hkk"kk osQ fu;eksa ls c¡/k
eqDr gksrk gSA gksrk gSA
3- Lora=k gksus osQ dkj.k 'kCn dk 3- okD; osQ fu;eksa esa c¡/s jgus osQ
iz;ksx dks'k esa fd;k tk ldrk gSA dkj.k ^in* dk iz;ksx dks'k esa
ugha gks ldrkA
iwjd&iqfLrdk 7
 4- ^'kCn* osQ Lrj ij ^:ilk/d 4- ^in* cuus ls igys 'kCn esa :i
izR;;* yxus dk dksbZ iz'u ugha gSA cnyusokys (:i lk/d) izR;;
gk¡] 'kCn ls tc u;k 'kCn cukuk tqM+ tkrs gSaA vr% ,d gh 'kCn
gksrk gS rc mlesa tks izR;; tksM+s osQ vusd ^'kCn :i* ;k in
tkrs gSa] os u;k 'kCn cukusokys feyrs gSaA
izR;; gksrs gSa tSlsμyM+dk $ iu
¾ yM+diuA bu u, 'kCnksa dk
iz;ksx tc Hkh okD; esa djuk gksrk
gS] :i lk/d izR;; vo'; tksM+s
tkrs gSaA
5- 'kCn dh lRrk okD; ls ckgj gksrh 5- okD; esa iz;qDr in okD; esa vkdj
gS] vr% izdk;Z djus dk dksbZ dksbZ u dksbZ ^izdk;Z* vo';
dkj.k gh ugha gksrkA djrk gSA
6- ^'kCn* dk oxZ mlosQ xq.kksa osQ 6- ^inksa* osQ oxZ muosQ izdk;Z osQ
vk/kj ij r; fd;k tkrk gSA vk/kj ij r; fd, tkrs gSaA dksbZ
fØ;k 'kCn ;fn laKk dk izdk;Z
dj jgk gS rks ml lanHkZ esa og
izdk;Z osQ vkèkkj ij ^laKk in*
cu tkrk gS tSlsμ^Vgyuk* ewyr%
fØ;k 'kCn gS] ij fuEufyf[kr
okD; esa og ^laKk* dk izdk;Z
djus osQ dkj.k ^laKk in* cu
x;k gSA
• Vgyuk LokLF; osQ fy,
ykHknk;d gSA
7- ^'kCn* dks 'kCn :i ugha dg 7- in dks ^'kCn :i* Hkh dgrs gSa
ldrs D;ksafd mlesa :i ifjorZu D;ksafd mlesa :ilk/d izR;;
djusokys izR;; ugha yxs gksrsA yxs gksrs gSaA
è;ku nsus ;ksX; ckrsa
• o.kks± osQ Øecn~/ rFkk lkFkZd esy dks 'kCn dgrs gSaA
• 'kCn Hkk"kk dh vFkZoku bdkbZ gSA
• okD; ls ckgj gksus osQ dkj.k ^'kCn* Hkk"kk dh Lora=k bdkbZ gSA gkyk¡fd
;g viuh fu;e O;oLFkk esa c¡/k gksrk gSA
8  O;kdj.k ifjp;&9 (dkslZ ^ch*)
 • 'kCn dk tc okD; esa iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gS rc og O;kdjf.kd fu;eksa esa
c¡/ tkrk gS vkSj bldh Lora=krk lekIr gks tkrh gSA okD; esa iz;qDr 'kCn
dks gh in dgrs gSaA
• 'kCn vius ;Fkkor :i esa okD; esa iz;qDr ugha gks ldrsA muesa dksbZ u
dksbZ :ilkèkd ;k :i ifjofrZr djusokyk izR;; vo'; yxrk gSA
• okD; esa iz;qDr ftl 'kCn esa izR;; fn[kkbZ ugha nsrk] ogk¡ 'kwU; izR;; ekuk
tkrk gSA
• pw¡fd in esa :ilk/d izR;; yxs gksrs gSa] vr% ;s ^'kCn :i* Hkh
dgykrs gSaA

vH;kl&dk;Z
1- ^in* ls D;k rkRi;Z gS\ mnkgj.k nsdj crkb,A
2- in vkSj 'kCn esa D;k varj gS\ mnkgj.k nsdj nksuksa dks Li"V dhft,A
'kCn vkSj in esa D;k varj gS\ mnkgj.k lfgr le>kb,A 
3- 'kCn fdls dgrs gSa\ mnkgj.k lfgr le>kb,A
4- 'kCn] in osQ :i esa dc cny tkrk gS\ mnkgj.k nsdj Li"V dhft,A
5- ^eSa*] ^ns'k* 'kCnksa dks inksa esa cnfy,A 
6- lgh (3) vFkok Xk+yr (7) osQ fu'kku yxkb,A
1- fujFkZd 'kCn dks Hkh 'kCn dg ldrs gSaA
2- 'kCn Hkk"kk dh Lora=k bdkbZ gS D;ksafd og okD; ls ckgj dh oLrq gSA

3- 'kCn tc okD; esa iz;qDr gksrk gS rks og ^in* dgykrk gSA
4- 'kCn dks ^'kCn :i* Hkh dg ldrs gSaA
5- in cuus osQ fy, 'kCn esa ^'kwU; izR;;* Hkh yx ldrk gSA
6- izR;sd ^in* dksbZ u dksbZ izdk;Z vo'; djrk gSA

qqq

iwjd&iqfLrdk 9
 'kCn&fopkj
(Word Cogitation)
2 i;kZ;okph] foykse ,oa Jqfrle&fHkUUkkFkZd 'kCn
(Synonyms, Antonyms & Homonyms)

'kCn&fopkj osQ varxZr fofHkUu çdkj osQ 'kCnksa dk vè;;u fd;k tkrk gSA
gj Hkk"kk esa 'kCnksa dh la[;k vlhfer gksrh gS vkSj lHkh 'kCn ,d gh çdkj
osQ ugha gksrsA vè;;u dh lqfo/k osQ fy, mudks vyx&vyx vk/kjksa ij
fofHkUu oxksaZ esa foHkkftr dj fy;k tkrk gS ftlls 'kCnksa dk vè;;u vklkuh
ls fd;k tk losQA 'kCnksa osQ oxhZdj.k osQ çeq[k vk/kj gSa–
1- lzksr ds vk/kj ij 2- jpuk osQ vk/kj ij
3- ç;ksx ds vk/kj ij 4- O;kdjf.kd çdk;Z osQ vk/kj ij rFkk
5- vFkZ ds vk/kkj ij
lhúchú,lúbZú osQ u, ikB~;Øe osQ vuqlkj ^'kCn&fopkj* osQ varxZr osQoy
^vFkZ osQ vk/kj ij* gksus okys 'kCn Hksnksa dk vè;;u visf{kr gSA ;n~;fi vFkZ
osQ vk/kj ij Hkh 'kCnksa osQ vusd miHksn gksrs gSa_ tSlsµi;kZ;okph 'kCn] foykse
'kCn] Jqfrle&fHkUukFkZd 'kCn] ,dkFkZd 'kCn] vusdkFkZd 'kCn] vFkZHksn
okys 'kCn] vo/kj.kkRed 'kCn vkfnA ijarq ikB~;Øe esa osQoy rhu rjg
osQ 'kCnksa&i;kZ;okph 'kCn] foykse 'kCn] Jqfrle&fHkUukFkZd 'kCn dks gh
LFkku fn;k x;k gSA vki ;gk¡ bu rhuksa gh çdkj osQ 'kCnksa osQ ckjs esa vè;;u
djsaxsA
i;kZ;okph 'kCn (Synonyms)
^i;kZ;okph* 'kCn* os 'kCn gksrs gSa ftuosQ vFkZ yxHkx leku gksrs gSa] blhfy,
budks ^lekukFkhZ* 'kCn Hkh dgk tkrk gSA mnkgj.k osQ fy, ^ve`r* 'kCn osQ
i;kZ; 'kCn gSaµ ^lq/k*] ^ih;w"k*] ^lkse* vkfnA
oLrqr% ^i;kZ;okph 'kCnksa* osQ vFkZ 'kr&çfr'kr lkeku ugha gksrsA vr% bu 'kCnksa
dk okD;ksa esa ç;ksx djrs le; ;g ckr è;ku j[kuh pkfg, fd ;g vko';d
ugha gS fd çR;sd lanHkZ esa lHkh i;kZ;okph 'kCn ,d&nwljs osQ LFkku ij ç;qDr
gks losaQA mnkgj.k osQ fy, ^ikuh* vkSj ^ty* 'kCnksa dks ysaA ;s nksuksa 'kCn ,d
nwljs osQ ^i;kZ;* gSa ij eafnj esa ;k lwjt dks p<+kus osQ fy, ge ^ty* 'kCn
dk gh ç;ksx djrs gSa] ^ikuh* 'kCn dk ughaA blosQ foijhr dksbZ ;g ugha dgrk
fd ^ukyh esa xank ty cg jgk gS*] bldk dkj.k ;gh gS fd ^ty* 'kCn esa
^ikuh* vFkZ osQ vykok ^ifo=krk* dk vFkZ Hkh lekfgr gSA
10
dgus dk rkRi;Z bruk gh gS fd i;kZ;okph 'kCn 'kr&çfr'kr lekukFkhZ ugha gksrs]
vr% i;kZ;okph 'kCnksa dk ç;ksx lko/kuh ls djuk pkfg,A uhps oqQN 'kCnksa osQ
i;kZ; :iksa dh lwph nh tk jgh gS&
'kCn i;kZ;okph 'kCn
1- vax µ xkr] dk;k] 'kjhj] nsg] ruA
2- vfrfFk µ esgeku] vkxarqd] ikgquk] vH;kxrA
3- vukt µ vUu] 'kL;] /kU;] [kkn~;kUUkA
4- vgadkj µ naHk] ?keaM] vfHkeku] niZ] enA
5- vkyksd µ çdk'k] jks'kuh] T;ksfr] mtkykA
6- bPNk µ pkg] dkeuk] vfHkyk"kk] vkdka{kk] ykylkA
7- m|ku µ ck-x] cxhpk] miou] okfVdk] peuA
8- dYio`{k µ dYir#] dYiæqe] nsoo`{k] lqjr#A
9- fdlku µ o`Q"kd] gy/j] gyokgk] [ksfrgj] vUUknkrkA
10- oqQcsj µ /uifr] /un] /ukf/i] ;{kjktA
11- dks"k µ fuf/] HkaMkj] [-k”kkukA
12- x#M+ µ [kxs'k] if{kjkt] gfjokgu] [kxosQrqA
13- xguk µ vkHkw"k.k] Hkw"k.k] vyadkj] tsoj] foHkw"k.kA
14- pk¡nuh µ pafædk] T;ksRLuk] dkSeqnh] panzizHkk] tqUgkbZA
15- tUe µ iSnkb'k] mRifRRk] mn~Hko] vkfoHkkZoA
16- tequk µ ;equk] dkfyanh] ';kek] jfolqrk] lw;Zru;kA
17- >juk µ fu>Zj] lzksr] lksrk] mRlA
18- Mj µ Hk;] vkrad] ng'kr] Hkhfr] [-kkSiQA
19- r# µ o`{k] isM+] ikni] foVi] æqeA
20- nk¡r µ nar] n'ku] jn] n~fotA
21- nqxkZ µ ekrk] dkyh] Hkokuh] paMh] xkSjh] txnack] dkek{khA
22- nq"V µ nqtZu] v/e] uhp] [ky] dqfVy] /wrZ] 'kBA
23- ujd µ ;eiqj] ;eyksd] ;eky;] la?kkrA
24- uko µ ukSdk] rfj.kh] ty;ku] rjhA
25- iafMr µ fon~okUk] dksfon] lq/h] euh"kh] fo'kkjnA
26- i{kh µ [kx] fogx] uHkpj] vaMt] irax] fpfM+;k] n~fotA
27- iRFkj µ ikgu] ik"kk.k] miy] f'kykA
28- ifFkd µ jkgxhj] cVksgh] ;k=kh] jkgh] eqlkfiQj] iaFkhA

iwjd&iqfLrdk 11
 29- ioZr µ fxfj] igkM+] 'kSy] Hkw/j] ux] vpy] egh/jA
30- ifo=k µ 'kqfp] fueZy] ikou] vdyq"kA
31- iki µ v?k] v/eZ] ikrd] nq"o`QR;A
32- cky µ osQ'k] oaqQry] vyd] dp] fpoqQjA
33- ckyd µ cky] f'k'kq] cPpk] 'kkod] yM+dkA
34- cqn~f/ µ es/k] çKk] vDy] tsgu] efr] euh"kkA
35- HkkSajk µ Hkzej] Hk¡ojk] e/qdj] Hk`ax] "kV~inA
36- e`R;q µ ekSr] ej.k] fu/u] LoxZokl] nsgkar] nsgkolkuA
37- ;ejkt µ ;e] lw;Ziq=k] /eZjkt] thouifrA
38- ;'k µ dhfrZ] [;kfr] çfln~f/] 'kksgjrA
39- ;qn~/ µ lej] j.k] laxzke] yM+kbZ] la?k"kZA
40- jpuk µ l`f"V] fuekZ.k] l`tu] o`QfrA
41- jRu µ ef.k] ekf.kD;] ejdr] tokgjA
42- jk{kl µ nSR;] fi'kkp] vlqj] nkuo] fu'kkpj] nuqtA
43- jko.k µ n'kkuu] n'koaQ/j] yadkifr] n'koaQB] yaosQ'kA
44- ygj µ mfeZ] ohfp] rjax] fgyksjA
45- ygw µ [kwu] jDr] #f/j] 'kksf.krA
46- fo".kq µ ukjk;.k] ihrkacj] deykifr] y{ehifr] jekifrA
47- 'kjhj µ xkr] oiq] dk;k] ru] nsg] ftLeA
48- 'kksHkk µ dkafr] çHkk] vkHkk] lq"kek] lqanjrkA
49- lM+d µ ekxZ] iFk] ckV] jkLrk] jkgA
50- lewg µ o`an] x.k] ny] iqat] >qaM] leqnk;A
51- losjk µ lqcg] çkr%] lw;ksZn;&dky] fogkuA
52- lk¡i µ liZ] ukx] fo"k/j] Hkqtax] O;ky] vfgA
53- lk/q µ laU;klh] lar] eqfu] oSjkxh] vo/wrA
54- lsuk µ iQkSt] ny] okfguh] pewA
55- lksuk µ Lo.kZ] lqo.kZ] dud] oaQpu] oaqQnu] gseA
56- L=kh µ ukjh] vcyk] dkark] efgyk] okek] ofurk] vkSjrA
57- gkFk µ dj] ikf.k] gLrA
58- fgju µ e`x] lkjax] oqQjaxA
59- fgeky; µ fgefxjh] uxjkt] fxjh'k] uxifrA
60- ân; µ eu] fny] mj] fpRRk] ekulA
12  O;kdj.k ifjp;&9 (dkslZ ^ch*)
ikB~;iqLrd (Li'kZμHkkx&1) esa vk, ikBksa esa fufgr i;kZ;okph
'kCn fuEufyf[kr gSaμ
xn~;&[kaM
ikB&1 μ /wy
1- pk¡n μ 'k'kkad] 'kf'k] jkosQ'k jtuhifr]
2- lw;Z μ fnudj] fnokdj] ekr±M] jfo
3- Lusg μ izse] okRlY;] I;kj
4- uohu μ uo] u;k] uwru] vfHkuo
5- 'osr μ /oy] li+sQn] LoPN
6- u;u μ ykspu] us=k] vk¡[k] n`x
7- f'k'kq μ cPpk] ckyd
8- eq¡g μ eq[k] onu
9- vkleku μ vkdk'k] 'kwU;] vacj] xxu
10- feV~Vh μ ekVh] e`fRrdk
11- nsg μ 'kjhj] dk;k] oiq
12- lalkj μ nqfu;k] tx] txr] fo'o
13- fnu μ fnol] okj] fnok] oklj
14- thou μ izk.k] psruk] ty] ftanxh
15- iSj μ ix] in] pj.k
ikB&2 μ nq[k dk vf/dkj
1- vkSjr μ ukjh] efgyk] L=kh
2- diM+k μ oL=k] vacj] iV] olu
3- vk¡lw μ vJq] ykspukacq
4- vk¡[k μ p{kq] ykspu] n`x] vf{k
5- cq[kkj μ Toj] rki
6- jkLrk μ ex] iFk] ekxZ] ckV
7- cnu μ ruq] dk;k] 'kjhj
8- vank”kk μ vuqeku] vVdy] dYiuk
9- cspSuh μ ijs'kkuh] O;koqQyrk] ?kcjkgV
10- xe μ nq[k] 'kksd] ihM+k
11- ”kehu μ /jrh] i`Foh] /jk] Hkw
iwjd&iqfLrdk 13
 12- euq"; μ ekuo] vkneh] iq#"k] uj] euqt
13- ok;q μ lehj] iou] gok
14- ck”kkj μ gkV] gfV;k
15- cqf<+;k μ o`n~/k] cw<+h
16- mez μ o;] voLFkk
ikB&3 μ ,ojsLV % esjh f'k[kj ;k=kk
1- 'kwU; μ vacj] vkdk'k] vkleku
2- ns'k μ eqYd] oru] jk"Vª
3- ny μ lewg] laxBu] >qaM] x.k] o`an
4- jkLrk μ ekxZ] ckV] iaFk
5- èot μ irkdk] osQrq] >aMk
6- dksf'k'k μ iz;Ru] iz;kl
7- e`R;q μ nsgkolku] fu/u] ekSr] dky
8- /jkry μ /jk] lrg] Hkwry
9- oaQ/k μ va'k] oaQ/j] dk¡/k
10- f'k[kj μ pksVh] Üka`x
11- ekrk μ tuuh] vack] ek¡] tUenk=kh
12- firk μ tud] cki] tUenkrk
13- flag μ osQgfj] O;k?kz] 'kknwZy] e`xjkt] oujkt] gfj
14- racw μ forku] f'kfoj] p¡nksok
15- dk;Z μ dkt] dke
16- lqcg μ Hkksj] izkr%dky] izHkkr
17- vuwBh μ vn~forh;] vuks[kh] vuqie
ikB&4 μ rqe dc tkvksxs
1- dey μ tyt] iadt] ljkst] uhjt
2- i`Foh μ vpyk] esfnuh] /jk] olaq/jk]
3- vk'kk μ mEehn] Hkjkslk] vkl
4- iRuh μ Hkk;kZ] dkark] v/k±fxuh] okek
5- f”kØ μ mYys[k] izlax] ppkZ] o.kZu
6- vk?kkr μ pksV] /Ddk] izgkj] foifRr
7- mQ"ek μ xjeh] rki] funk/
14  O;kdj.k ifjp;&9 (dkslZ ^ch*)
 8- rkjh[k μ frfFk] fnukad
9- vfrfFk μ esgeku] vH;kxr] ikgqu
10- fdj.k μ jf'e] va'kq] dj
11- pj.k μ in] ik¡o] iSj
12- varjax μ ?kfu"B] xgjk] vkReh;
13- jk{kl μ nSR;] fu'kkpj] nkuo] jtuhpj
14- nsork μ vej] vtj] lqj] nso] futZj
ikB&5 μ dhpM+ dk dkO;
1- 'kjhj μ oiq] nsg] ru] dk;k
2- nhoky μ fHkfRr] nhokj] Hkhr
3- unh μ lfjrk] rfVuh] rjafx.kh] un
4- fdukjk μ rV] owQy] dxkj] iqfyu
5- i`"B μ l-iQk] ist] l-iQgk] ooZQ
6- mRrj μ toko] izR;qRRkj] izfropu] gy] lek/ku
7- tyk'k; μ rkykc] rM+kx] lj] ljksoj
8- dhpM+ μ dnZe] iad]
9- dkjok¡ μ O;kikfj;ksa dk >qaM] dkfi+Qyk] lewg] ny
10- 'kksHkk μ lqanjrk] dkafr] vkHkk
11- gkFkh μ oaqQtj] gLrh] xt] ukx] narh
12- oklqnso μ Jho`Q".k] xksfoan] ek/o
13- iRFkj μ ik"kk.k] ikgu] miy] izLrj
14- o`fRr μ rjhdk] <ax] LoHkko
15- iadt μ ljkst] vacqt] tyt] okfjt
16- fla/q μ jRukdj] leqnz] mnf/] lkxj] tyf/]
17- eneLr μ erokyk] eLr
ikB&7 μ /eZ dh vkM+
1- /u μ laink] #i;k] iSlk] foRr] laifRr]
2- Lok/hurk μ Lora=krk] vk”kknh
3- laxzke μ j.k] ;qn~/] yM+kbZ] lej]
4- ew[kZ μ 'kB] tM+] vKkuh] fucqZn~f/
5- i'kq μ tkuoj] pkSik;k
6- xjhc μ nhu] vafdpu] fu/Zu
iwjd&iqfLrdk 15
 ikB&8 μ 'kqØrkjs osQ leku
1- xaxk μ nsounh] HkkxhjFkh] lqjlfj] lqjlfjrk
2- ftxjh μ ?kfu"B] xgjk
3- :c: μ izR;{k] vkeus&lkeus
4- fxjÝ+rkj μ oSQn] canh] c¡/k gqvk
5- dgj μ vki+Qr] eqlhcr] ”kqYe
6- ges'kk μ lnSo] 'kk'or
7- egknso μ uhyoaQB] 'kadj] HkksysukFk] xkSjhifr] #nz] egs'k
8- okfjl μ mRrjkf/dkjh] gdnkj
9- eqdke μ y{;] Bgjko] iM+ko
10- rkyhe μ f'k{kk] lh[k] lcd] mins'k
in~; [kaM
ikB&9 μ jSnkl osQ in
1- eksj μ f'k[kh] lkjax] e;wj] osQdh
2- Lokeh μ ukFk] ekfyd] Hkjrkj
3- nhid μ nhi] nh;k] nhok] fpjkx
4- ?ku μ ckny] tyn] es?k] okfjn
ikB&10 μ jghe osQ nksgs
1- O;Fkk μ d"V] Dys'k] ihM+k] nq[k
2- ewy μ tM+] cqfu;kn
3- ujs'k μ jktk] i`Foh'k] u`i] Hkwi] Hkwifr
4- jfo μ lw;Z] Hkkuq] HkkLdj] fnokdj
5- ikuh μ ty] uhj] rks;] lfyy] vkc
6- mnf/ μ tyf/] jRukdj] leqnz] lkxj
7- e`x μ fgju] gfju
8- jghe μ jge djus okyk] n;kyq] o`Qikyq
9- izse μ vuqjkx] usg] Lusg] I;kj] okRlY;
10- xk¡B μ xazfFk] ca/u] fxjg
11- nw/ μ xksjl] nqX/] i;] ve`r
12- rjokfj μ ryokj] vfl] [kM~x
16  O;kdj.k ifjp;&9 (dkslZ ^ch*)
 ikB&11 μ vknehukek
1- nqfu;k μ tx] lalkj] txr] fo'o
2- ckn'kkg μ lezkV] jktk
3- rsx μ ryokj] vfl
4- u”khj μ felky] uewuk] ,d mnkgj.k
ikB&12 μ ,d iwQy dh pkg
1- 'kh'k μ flj] lj] eLrd] [kksiM+h
2- ej?kV μ 'e'kku ?kkV] nsgkolkuLFky
3- ruq μ nsg] xkr] 'kjhj] dk;k]
4- va/dkj μ rel] v¡/sjk] re] frfej
5- 'kSy μ ioZr] ux] igkM+] Hkw/j
6- iwQy μ izlwu] iq"i] oqQlqe
7- pkg μ dkeuk] bPNk] vfHkyk"kk
8- eafnj μ nsoky;] nsoLFkku
9- ifj/ku μ diM+k] phj] olu] oL=k] iV
10- ek¡ μ vack] ekrk] tuuh
11- naM μ l”kk] tqjekuk
12- ca/q μ HkkbZ] Hkzkrk] lgksnj] rkr
13- Toj μ cq[kkj] rki
14- nsoh μ ekrk] 'kfDrLo:ik] vack] Hkokuh
15- dyq"k μ iki] dkfyek
16- f'k[kj μ pksVh] Ük`ax
17- laè;k μ xks/wfycsyk] 'kke] lk¡>] lk;adky
18- e/qj μ ehBk] e`nq] lqjhyk
ikB&14 μ vfXuiFk
1- Losn μ JeJq] ilhuk]
2- iFk μ ckV] ekxZ] jkLrk] ex]
3- o`{k μ ikni] isM+] r#] foVi
4- i=k μ iRrk] fpV~Bh] [kr
5- vfXu μ og~fu] ikod] vuy] gqrk'ku] vkx
6- jDr μ [kwu] ygw] #f/j] 'kksf.kr
iwjd&iqfLrdk 17
 ikB&15 μ • u;s bykosQ esa] • [kw'kcw jprs gSa gkFk
1- edku μ fuosQru] vky;] lnu] xsg
2- t[e μ ?kko] pksV
3- vdlj μ izk;%] cgq/k
4- Le`fr μ ;kn] ;knnk'r] Lej.k'kfDr
5- eqYd μ ns'k] oru] ekr`Hkwfe
6- e'kgwj μ fo[;kr] izfln~/] iz[;kr
foykse@foijhrkFkZd 'kCn (Antonyms)
i;kZ;okph 'kCnksa esa nks 'kCnksa osQ chp tgk¡ vFkZ dh lekurk gksrh gS ogha foykse 'kCnksa
esa ijLij foijhr vFkZ gksrk gS_ tSlsµ ^NksVk&cM+k*] ^eksVk&iryk*] ^vPNk&cqjk*
vkfnA foijhr vFkZ gksus osQ dkj.k gh ^foykse 'kCnksa* dks ^foijhrkFkZd* 'kCn
Hkh dgk tkrk gSA
foykse 'kCn çk;% ewy 'kCnksa esa fu"ks/okph milxZ yxkdj cuk, tkrs gSa_ tSlsµ
^vknj&fujknj*] ^mfpr&vuqfpr] ^?kkr&çfr?kkr* vkfnA
oqQN foykse 'kCn fcuk milxZ osQ Hkh foijhr vFkZ çdV djrs gSa_ tSlsµ
^tUe&e`R;q*] ^mn;&vLr*] ^udn&m/kj* vkfnA
uhps çeq[k foykse 'kCnksa dh lwph nh tk jgh gS&
'kCn foykse 'kCn foykse
1- varjax cfgjax 2- vfro`f"V vuko`f"V
3- v/qukru iqjkru 4- vuqxzg foxzg
5- vYiK cgqK@loZK 6- vYik;q nh?kkZ;q
7- voufr mUufr 8- vkd"kZ.k fod"kZ.k
9- vkH;arj ckg~; 10- vkyksd va/dkj
11- vkxzg nqjkxzg 12- mn~naM fouez
13- mRd"kZ vid"kZ 14- m".k 'khr
15- moZjk Ålj 16- mn~;eh vkylh
17- mRo`Q"V fuo`Q"V 18- o`Q'k LFkwy@â"V&iq"V
19- o`Qf=ke LokHkkfod 20- fpafrr fuf'par
21- psru tM+ 22- Ny fu'Ny
23- tkx`fr lq"kqfIr 24- tkxzr lqIr
25- taxe LFkkoj@tM+ 26- T;ksfr re
18  O;kdj.k ifjp;&9 (dkslZ ^ch*)
 27- taxyh ikyrw 28- rVLFk i{k/j
29- r#.k o`n~/ 30- nfjæ laiUu
31- n;kyq funZ; 32- nqvk cn~nqvk
33- nqyZHk lqyHk 34- nks"kh funksZ"k
35- nwf"kr LoPN 36- n`'; vn`';
37- èoal fuekZ.k 38- /`"V fouhr
39- fuj{kj lk{kj 40- fucZy lcy
41- iafMr ew[kZ 42- i{k foi{k
43- i{kikrh fu"i{k 44- ijdh; Lodh;
45- çLrqr vçLrqr 46- çkphu uohu
47- ca/u eqfDr@eks{k 48- Hkæ vHkæ
49- Hkko vHkko 50- efyu fueZy@LoPN
51- egku {kqæ 52- egkRek nqjkRek
53- ewd okpky 54- ferO;;h viO;;h
55- ;'kLoh v;'kLoh 56- ;kpd nkrk
57- ;ksxh Hkksxh 58- #"V çlUu
59- #nu gkl 60- ykSfdd ikjykSfdd
61- oØ ljy@½tq 62- oknh çfroknh
63- fodkl ßkl 64- fojks/ leFkZu
65- oS;fDrd fuoSZ;fDrd 66- l?ku fojy
67- lRdeZ dqdeZ 68- lkfe"k fujkfe"k
69- lkFkZd fujFkZd 70- ladh.kZ foLrh.kZ
71- la{ksi foLrkj 72- lfØ; fuf"Ø;
73- lnkpkj nqjkpkj 74- LokHkkfod vLokHkkfod
75- gs; LrqR; 76- ßLo nh?kZ
ikB~;iqLrd (Li'kZμHkkx&1) esa vk, ikBksa esa fufgr foykse@
foijhrkFkZd 'kCn fuEufyf[kr gSaμ
xn~;&[kaM
ikB&1 μ /wy
'kCn foykse 'kCn foykse
1- udyh vlyh 2- nqHkkZX; lkSHkkX;
3- egRo egRoghu 4- lw;kZLr lw;ksZn;
iwjd&iqfLrdk 19
 5- nqyZHk lqyHk 6- laHko vlaHko
7- lkdkj fujkdkj 8- ilan ukialn
ikB&2 μ nq[k dk vf/dkj
'kCn foykse 'kCn foykse
1- lehi nwj 2- vM+pu lqxerk
3- 'kksd g"kZ 4- nzo Bksl
5- lkgl nqLlkgl 6- v¡/sjk mtkyk
7- fcØh [kjhn 8- /eZ v/eZ
9- fo;ksx la;ksx
ikB&3 μ ,ojsLV % esjh f'k[kj ;k=kk
'kCn foykse 'kCn foykse
1- larqyu vlarqyu 2- n`';rk vn`';rk
3- vuqowQy izfrowQy 4- Lohdkj vLohdkj
5- o`QrK o`Qr?u 6- vfu;fer fu;fer
7- vfuf'pr fuf'pr 8- vkjksgh vojksgh
9- laqnj vlqanj 10- fo[;kr vfo[;kr
11- izFke vafre 12- dfBure ljyre
13- e`R;q tUe 14- Li"V vLi"V
15- vLFkk;h LFkk;h 16- igyk vkf[kjh
17- xje BaMk 18- miyC/ vuqiyC/
19- jkf=k fnol 20- vkjksg.k vojksg.k
ikB&4 μ rqe dc tkvksxs] vfrfFk
'kCn foykse 'kCn foykse
1- gYdh Hkkjh 2- ifjfpr vifjfpr
3- tkvksxs vkvksxs 4- lqjf{kr vlqjf{kr
5- Kkr vKkr 6- mPp fuEu
7- mRlkg grksRlkg 8- vk'kk fujk'kk
9- vkxzg vukxzg 10- lqyHk nqyZHk
11- jk{kl nsork 12- fo'okl vfo'okl
13- vukSipkfjd vkSipkfjd 14- fueZwy lewy
15- vn`'; n`';
20  O;kdj.k ifjp;&9 (dkslZ ^ch*)
 ikB&5 μ dhpM+ dk dkO;
'kCn foykse 'kCn foykse
1- lery vlery 2- r`fIr vr`fIr
3- tkxzr lqIr 4- frjLdkj lEeku
5- vkd"kZd fod"kZd 6- 'osr ';ke
7- mRRkj iz'u@vuqRrj 8- xank lk-iQ
9- rVLFk i{kikrh
ikB&7 μ /eZ dh vkM+
'kCn foykse 'kCn foykse
1- lnkpkj nqjkpkj 2- vifo=k ifo=k
3- fuLlansg llansg 4- laxzke laf/
5- lqxe nqxZe 6- /eZ v/eZ
7- lk/kj.k vlk/kj.k 8- nq#i;ksx lnqi;ksx
9- vfu;af=kr fu;af=kr 10- Lok/hurk ijk/hurk
11- mnkj vuqnkj 12- ukfLrd vkfLrd
13- lq[k nq[k
ikB&8 μ 'kqØrkjs osQ leku
'kCn foykse 'kCn foykse
1- lR; vlR; 2- vuk;kl lk;kl
3- leFkZ vleFkZ 4- leku vleku
5- izdkf'kr vizdkf'kr 6- lqcg 'kke
7- vn`'; n`';
dkO;&[kaM ls foykse 'kCn
'kCn foykse 'kCn foykse
1- va/dkj izdk'k 2- Loho`Qr vLoho`Qr
3- vuqt vxzt 4- Lokeh lsod
5- izse ?k`.kk 6- ujs'k jad
7- vafre izkjafHkd 8- o`Q'k LFkwy
9- cM+kbZ fuank 10- foJkar vfoJkar
11- dksey dBksj
Jqfrle&fHkUukFkZd 'kCn (Homonyms)
^Jqfrle* 'kCn nks 'kCnksa ls feydj cuk gS& ^Jqfr* rFkk ^le*A Jqfr dk
vFkZ gSµ ^lquuk* rFkk le dk vFkZ gSµ^leku*A Jqfrle dk iwjk vFkZ gqvkµ
iwjd&iqfLrdk 21
^lquus esa leku* vFkkZr os 'kCn tks lquus esa yxHkx ,d tSls lqukbZ iM+rs gSaA
^fHkUukFkZd* 'kCn dk vFkZ rks Li"V gSµ ^fHkUu vFkZ okys*A
bl rjg ^Jqfrle fHkUukFkZd* 'kCn os 'kCn gSa tks lquus esa yxHkx leku çrhr
gksrs gSa ij muosQ vFkZ fHkUu gksrs gSaA ijarq okLro esa ;s 'kCn leku ugha gksrs]
buesa fdlh ,d èofu dk varj gksrk gS ftlosQ dkj.k ;s lquus esa ,d tSls
yxrs gSa_ tSls&^ ^vuy&vfuy*] ^vof/&vo/h] ^vac&vacq*] vkfnA vc bu
lHkh 'kCnksa dh jpuk nsf[k, rFkk èofu;ksa osQ varj dks igpkfu,&
'kCn&I 'kCn&II varj
vuy&vfuy v$Uk~$v$Yk~$v v$Uk~$b$y~$$v ^v*@*b*
vof/&vo/h v$o~$v$/~$b v$o~$v$/~$bZ ^b@bZ*
vac&vacq v$vuqLokj$c~$v v$vuqLokj$c~$m ^v@m*
bl rjg vkius ns[kk fd bu 'kCnksa esa ,d èofu dks NksM+dj lHkh èofu;k¡ leku
gSaA ;gh dkj.k gS fd ;s 'kCn lquus esa leku çrhr gksrs gSa_ ij ;s leku gksrs
ugha gSaA blhfy, buosQ vFkZ Hkh fHkUu gksrs gSaA uhps Jqfrle fHkUukFkZd 'kCnksa
dh lwph nh tk jgh gSµ
'kCn vFkZ okD;&ç;ksx
1- var lekfIr ikB osQ var esa vH;kl fn, x, gSaA
vaR; uhp rqe tSls vaR; O;fDr osQ dkSu eq¡g yxs\
2- va'k Hkkx@fgLlk fuca/ dks NksVs&NksVs va'kksa esa ck¡Vdj
fy[kksA
val oaQ/k rqEgkjs gh valksa ij lkjs ifjokj dk Hkkj gSA
3- vac ek¡ gs vac] esjh j{kk djksA
vacq ty ^vacqt* 'kCn dk vFkZ gS ^vacq* (ty) esa
tUe ysus okykA
4- vis{kk rqyuk eas vtqZu dh vis{kk d.kZ cM+k ;ksn~/k FkkA
mis{kk fujknj dHkh fdlh dh mis{kk er djksA
5- vfHkjke lqanj fgeky; osQ vfHkjke n`'; cgqr euksgj gSaA
vfojke yxkrkj vfojke ifjJe gh liQyrk dh dqath gSA
6- vfoyac rqjar vkx dh lwpuk feyrs gh iQk;j&fczxsM
vfoyac igq¡p xbZA
voyac lgkjk xjhcksa dk ,dek=k voyac Hkxoku gh gSA
7- vkdj [kku lSdM+ksa etnwj vkdj esa dke djrs gSaA
vkdkj :i rHkh fo'kky vkdkj okyk jk{kl çdV
gqvkA
8- vkfn vkjaHk vkfn dky esa euq"; bruk LokFkhZ ugha FkkA
vknh vH;Lr og u'ks dk vknh gS_ mlls nwj jgukA
22  O;kdj.k ifjp;&9 (dkslZ ^ch*)
 9- m/kj d”kZ@½.k esjs nksLr us eq>ls lkS #i;s m/kj fy, gSaA
mn~/kj dY;k.k gs çHkks! lc dk mn~/kj dhft,A
10- midkj HkykbZ ges'kk nwljksa dk midkj djuk pkfg,A
vidkj cqjk fdlh osQ vidkj osQ ckjs esa lkspuk Hkh
iki gSA
11- mj ân; ehjk osQ mj esa rks osQoy o`Q".k clrs FksA
m# ta?kk Hkhe us viuh xnk ls nq;ksZ/u dh m# rksM+
nhA
12- dVd lsuk lsuk dks dVd Hkh dgrs gSaA
oaQVd dk¡Vs oaQVdksa ls Hkjk thou fdls ilan gksxk\
13- dj.k lk/u fganh esa dj.k dkjd dk fpg~u ^ls* gSA
d.kZ oqaQrh&iq=k d.kZ ,d cgqr cM+k nkuh FkkA
14- oqQy oa'k jke dk tUe j?kq&oqQy esa gqvk FkkA
owQy fdukjk o`Q".k ;equk osQ dwy ij calh ctkrs FksA
15- dks"k [ktkuk bu fnuksa ljdkjh dks"k [kkyh gks pqdk gSA
dks'k 'kCn&HkaMkj eq>s ,d vPNk 'kCn&dks'k [kjhnuk gSA
16- {kfr uqdlku vkidh tks Hkh {kfr gqbZ gS] mldh HkjikbZ
ljdkj djsxhA
f{kfr i`Foh f{kfr vkSj vkdk'k tgk¡ feyrs gSa mls
f{kfrt dgrs gSaA
17- pfjr thou dFkk jke dk pfjr ge lc ossQ fy, vkn'kZ gSA
pfj=k vkpj.k gesa vius pfj=k ij vk¡p ugha vkuh nsuh
pkfg,A
18- tjk cq<+kik tjkoLFkk osQ dkj.k os cgqr detksj gks
x, FksA
”kjk FkksM+k eq>s ”kjk&lh phuh pkfg,A
19- rjax ygj leqæ esa mBrh rjaxksa us esjk eu eksg fy;kA
rqjax ?kksM+k ;fn thou esa rqjax dh xfr ls pyksxs rks
liQyrk vo'; feysxhA
20- n~ohi Vkiw ml n~ohi ij geus dbZ fofp=k tkuoj
ns[ksA
nhi nhid nhikoyh osQ fnu ?kh ossQ nhi tykus pkfg,A
iwjd&iqfLrdk 23
 n~foi gkFkh lkjs n~foi >qaM cukdj unh esa ikuh ihus
vkrs gSaA
21- /jk i`Foh vius vanj lc dqN /kj.k djus osQ dkj.k
i`Foh dks /jk dgrs gSaA
/kjk cgko@çokg ml igkM+ ls vpkud ty /kjk fudy
iM+hA
22- fu/u e`R;q xka/h th osQ fu/u dk lekpkj lqudj lc
'kksd esa Mwc x,A
fu/Zu xjhc fu/Zu gksus osQ dkj.k og viuh iQhl Hkh
ugha ns ldrkA
23- futZj nsork cw<+k (tj) u gksus osQ dkj.k nsork futZj
dgykrs gSaA
fu>Zj >juk ml fu>Zj dk ty cgqr ehBk gSA
24- fu;r fuf'pr cSBd fu;r le; ij 'kq: gks tk,xhA
fu;fr HkkX; d"V mBkuk mu yksxksa dh fu;fr gSA
25- uhgkj vksl uhgkj osQ d.k eksrh tSls yx jgs FksA
fugkj ns[k (uk) ek¡ vius cPps dks fugkjrh gh jgrh gSA
26- ijokg fpark eSa fdlh dh ijokg ugha djrkA
çokg cgko ty osQ çokg esa lc oqQN cg x;kA
27- çlkn nsorkvksa dks iwtk osQ ckn iqtkjh us lHkh yksxkas
p<+k;k x;k lkeku dks çlkn fn;kA
çklkn egy Å¡ps&Å¡ps çklknksa esa jgus okyksa dks xjhcksa
dh fpark dgk¡\
28- Hko lalkj gs bZ'oj! bl Hko&lkxj ls esjh uS;k ikj
djksA
HkO; lqanj rktegy ,dne HkO; gSA
29- es?k ckny vkdk'k esa dkys&dkys es?k f?kj vk, FksA
es/ ;K jktk cuus osQ ckn Jhjke us v'oes/ fd;kA
30- ;ksx tksM+ vkB vkSj nks dk ;ksx nl gksrk gSA
;ksX; dkfcy vius LowQy osQ fy, eq>s ,d ;ksX;
vè;kid dh ryk'k gSA
24  O;kdj.k ifjp;&9 (dkslZ ^ch*)
 31- onu eq[k ukSdjh feyus dk lekpkj ikrs gh mldk
onu f[ky x;kA
cnu 'kjhj ckfj'k esa lkjk cnu xhyk gks x;kA
32- olu oL=k ukVd osQ fy, fo'ks"k olu rS;kj djk,
tk,¡xsA
O;lu cqjh vknr 'kjkc ihuk ,d O;lu gS tks lcdks
cckZn dj nsrk gSA
33- O;tu gkFk dk ia[kk ¯gnh dk ^chtuk* 'kCn laLo`Qr ds O;tu
'kCn ls cuk gSA
O;atu [kkus osQ lkeku nhokyh osQ fnu esjh ek¡ u,&u, O;atu
cukrh gSaA
fotu lqulku@ohjku bl fotu çns'k esa [kkus osQ fy, oqQN
ugha feysxkA
34- lwph rkfydk lHkh yksxksa osQ uke dh ,d lwph
cuk yksA
'kqfp ifo=k ^'kq f prk* 'kCn ^'kq f p* 'kCn es a ^rk*
çR;; yxkdj cuk gS] ftldk vFkZ gksrk gS
^ifo=krk*
35- gkl g¡lh mlus rqEgkjs gkl&ifjgkl dk cqjk ugha ekukA
ßkl deh vktdy ewY;ksa dk ßkl gksrk tk jgk gSA

vH;kl&dk;Z
1- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa osQ rhu&rhu i;kZ;okph 'kCn fyf[k,A
1- ifFkd µ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
2- ioZr µ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
3- ifo=k µ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
4- iki µ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
5- e/q µ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
6- ckyd µ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
7- cqn~f/ µ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
8- HkkSajk µ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
9- e`R;q µ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
iwjd&iqfLrdk 25
 10- ;ejkt µ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
11- ;'k µ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
12- ;qn~/ µ -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
2- js[kkafdr 'kCnksa ds i;kZ;okph 'kCn fy[kdj okD;ksa ds fjDr LFkkuksa
dks iwjk dhft,A
1- jkg fdruh Hkh dfBu gks] le>nkj yksx -------- fudky gh ysrs gSaA
2- flag ij lokj nqxkZ dks -------- Hkh dgrs gSaA
3- L=kh ?kj dh Lokfeuh gksrh gS blhfy, -------- dgykrh gSA
4- unh&ukyksa dk xank ikuh Hkh xaxk esa feydj xaxk -------- cu
tkrk gSA
5- lk{kkr e`R;q dks ns[kdj Hkh ohjksa dks -------- ls Mj ugha
yxrkA
6- dkyk jax gksus ds dkj.k ;equk dk uke -------- iM+kA
7- esgeku yksx fcuk frfFk crk, vpkud vk tkrs Fks blhfy, mUgsa
-------- dgk tkrk FkkA
8- ^fpfM+;k?kj* 'kCn esa vkus okys fpfM+;k 'kCn dk vFkZ gS --------A
3- fn, x, 'kCnksa osQ foykse 'kCn fyf[k,µ
1- la{ksi -------------- 2- fodkl -------------- 3- l?ku --------------
4- lkFkZd -------------- 5- èoal -------------- 6- o`Q'k --------------
7- tkxzr -------------- 8- çLrqr -------------- 9- efyu --------------
10- çkphu -------------- 11- mn~naM -------------- 12- mRo`Q"V --------------
13- psru -------------- 14- m".k -------------- 15- vfro`f"V --------------
16- vkH;arj -------------- 17- voufr -------------- 18- gs; --------------
4- okD;ksa osQ fjDr LFkkuksa esa js[kkafdr 'kCnksa ds foykse 'kCn Hkfj,µ
1- nqjkpkj dh ckrksa ls nwj jgdj ------------- dh ckrsa viukvksA
2- fganh esa ^v] b] vkSj m* ßLo Loj gSa rFkk ^vk] bZ] vkSj Å* -------
LojA
3- fujFkZd dk;ksaZ esa le; O;rhr djus ls vPNk gS dh dqN ----------dk;Z
djksA
4- vkt çkphu ijaijk,¡ lekIr gks jgh gSa vkSj ------------- ewY; fodflr
gks jgs gSaA
5- ferO;;h O;fDr /u lksp&le>dj [kpZ djrk gS tcfd -------------
O;fDr fcuk lksps&le>sA
26  O;kdj.k ifjp;&9 (dkslZ ^ch*)
 6- tc eSa rqEgkjs lkFk LokHkkfod cuk jgrk gw¡ rc rqe brus ----------D;ksa
gks tkrs gks\
7- ljdkj pkgrh gS fd xaxk dk efyu ty ------------- gks tk,A
8- vki yksx ftl rjg ls dk;Z djrs gSa mlls fodkl u gksdj
------------- gh gksxkA
9- gs çHkks! bl lalkj osQ ca/u ls eq>s ------------- fnykvksA
10- og lk/q ;ksxh ugha gS ------------- gSA
5- fodYiksa esa ls ml 'kCn dks pqfu, tks fn, x, 'kCn dk foykse gSµ
1- g"kZ (i) eqLdjkgV (ii) 'kksd
(iii) Øks/ (iv) Hk;
2- l?ku (i) fojy (ii) v?ku
(iii) rjy (iv) iryk
3- oS;fDrd (i) voS;fDrd (ii) vuoSfDrd
(iii) fuoSZ;fDrd (iv) rhuksa x-yr
4- mRo`Q"V (i) o`Q"V (ii) foo`Q"V
(iii) vuo`Q"V (iv) fuo`Q"V
5- mifLFkr (i) uiqfLrFk (ii) vuqifLFkr
(iii) vuifLFkr (iv) rhuksa x-yr
6- vfro`f"V (i) vuko`f"V (ii) vuo`f"V
(iii) o`f"V (iv) deo`f"V
7- varjax (i) rjax (ii) forjax
(iii) cfgjax (iv) lcjax
8- vYiK (i) vK (ii) loZK
(iii) LoYiK (iv) rhuksa x-yr
6- fodYiksa esa ls Nk¡Vdj js[kkafdr 'kCnksa ds foykse 'kCnksa ls fjDr
LFkkuksa dks Hkfj,µ
1- vki rks vlyh iafMr gSa] vkidks ----------------- dkSu dg ldrk
gSA
(i) devDy (ii) ykijokg (iii) ew[kZ (iv) le>nkj
iwjd&iqfLrdk 27
 2- de [kpsZ esa dke pykuk pkgrs gks rks ferO;;h cuks] -----------------
ughaA
(i) vYiO;;h (ii) viO;;h (iii) [kphZys (iv) [kjhnnkj
3- ml Hkæ efgyk osQ lkFk iqfyl us cgqr gh ----------------- O;ogkj fd;kA
(i) [kjkc (ii) xyr (iii) vHkæ (iv) v'kksHkuh;
4- :id vyadkj esa çLrqr ij ----------------- dk vkjksi fd;k tkrk gSA
(i) fopkjksa (ii) vçLrqr (iii) dYiuk (?k) rhuksa x-yr
5- vius LoHkko dks e`nq cukvks ----------------- ughaA
(i) dksey (ii) vfç; (iii) dfBu (iv) dBksj
6- vkpk;Z th us thouHkj lRdeZ fd, dHkh dksbZ ----------------- ugha
fd;kA fiQj Hkh lkjk thou d"Vksa esa ft,A
(i) vdeZ (ii) nq"deZ (iii) lqdeZ (iv) deZ
7- fn, x, 'kCn&;qXeksa dks vius okD;ksa esa bl rjg ç;qDr dhft, fd
muosQ vFkZ Li"V gks tk,¡µ
1- var µ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
vaR; µ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2- vis{kk µ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
mis{kk µ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3- vof/ µ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
vo/h µ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4- vkfn µ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
vknh µ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5- m/kj µ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
mn~/kj µ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6- oqQy µ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
owQy µ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
7- dks"k µ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
dks'k µ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
28  O;kdj.k ifjp;&9 (dkslZ ^ch*)
 8- dks"Bd ls mfpr 'kCn dk p;u dj okD;ksa osQ fjDr LFkkuksa dks
Hkfj,A
1- jkepfjrekul dh Hkk"kk --------------- gSA (vof/@vo/h)
2- Hkkjrh; lSfud ;qn~/ esa tkus osQ fy, --------------- jgrs gSaA
 (mn~or@mn~;r)
3- lkxj dh --------------- vkdk'k Nwus dh dksf'k'k dj jgh FkhaA
 (rqjaxsa@rjaxsa)
4- dy 'kke mlosQ firk dk --------------- gks x;kA (fu/Zu@fu/u)
5- Hkkjh --------------- gksus osQ dkj.k og py Hkh ugha ldrhA 
 (onu@cnu)
6- iwtk osQ ckn --------------- ysdj tkb,xkA  (çlkn@çklkn)
7- ijh{kk&ifj.kke dh --------------- esa rqEgkjk rks uke gh ugha gSA
 ('kqph@lwph)
8- vkius eq>s bl --------------- Hkh ugha le>k fd eq>ls ckr dj ysrsA
 (;ksx@;ksX;)
9- ;gk¡ dksbZ fdlh dh --------------- ugha djrkA  (ijokg@çokg)
10- --------------- osQ pØ ls dksbZ Hkh ugha cp ldrkA  (fu;fr@fu;r)

qqq

iwjd&iqfLrdk 29
 vFkZ dh n`f"V ls okD;&Hksn
3 (Kinds of Sentence
According to Meaning)

okD; ls rkRi;Z
vki tkurs gSa fd Hkk"kk dk mn~ns'; gSμ^laizs"k.k*A laizs"k.k osQ varxZr ge
^okrkZyki* djrs gSa vkSj ^okrkZyki* dh jpuk okD;ksa ls gksrh gSA vr% okrkZyki
dh vk/kjHkwr bdkbZ ^okD;* gSA okD;ksa osQ n~okjk O;fDr vius Hkkoksa vkSj fopkjksa
dks O;Dr djrk gSA
vki ;g rks tkurs gh gSa fd okD;ksa dh jpuk fofHkUu inksa vkSj inca/ksa ls
gksrh gSA okD; esa vk, gq, lHkh inca/ ijLij feydj oDrk osQ fopkj ;k
lans'k dks izdV djrs gSaA bl rjg ;g dgk tk ldrk gS fd okD; ekuo eu
osQ Hkkoksa vkSj fopkjksa dks O;Dr djusokyh Hkk"kk dh y?kqre bdkbZ gSA okD;ksa
osQ oqQN mnkgj.k nsf[k,μ
1- cPps irax mM+k jgs gSaA
2- lc yksx cgl dj jgs gSaA
3- fdlku [ksrksa esa gy pyk jgs gSaA
;fn okD;ksa dh jpuk ij è;ku nsa rks Li"V :i ls ns[kk tk ldrk gS fd
okD;ksa dh jpuk esa nks va'k izeq[k gksrs gSaμdrkZ rFkk fØ;kA fØ;k osQ fcuk
rks okD; iw.kZ gks gh ugha ldrkA ;fn ge ^yM+osQ us fcYyh dks MaMs ls* ek=k
dgrs gSa rks ;g va'k okD; ugha dgk tk ldrk] D;ksafd blesa fØ;k inca/ ugha
gSA tc bl okD; esa fØ;k inca/ dks Hkh tksM+ fn;k tkrk gS rHkh ;g okD;
curk gS_ tSlsμ^yM+osQ us fcYyh dks MaMs ls ekjk*A
vr% è;ku jf[k,] fcuk fØ;k inca/ osQ okD; ugha curkA izkphu 'kCnkoyh
esa drkZ dks mn~ns'; rFkk fØ;k inca/ dks fo/s; dgrs FksA
oLrqr% mn~ns'; okD; dk og Hkkx gS] ftlosQ fo"k; esa okD; esa oqQN
dgk tkrk gSA blosQ varxZr drkZ ,oa drkZ osQ foLrkjd vkrs gSa rFkk fo/s;
og va'k gS] ftldk fo/ku mn~ns'; osQ fy, fd;k tkrk gSA fo/s; osQ varxZr
fØ;k inca/ rFkk mlosQ foLrkjd vkrs gSaA
bl rjg ;g dgk tk ldrk gS fd okD; dh jpuk ^mn~ns';* rFkk
^fo/s;* osQ ;ksx ls gksrh gS rFkk ;g Lo;a esa iw.kZ rFkk Lora=k gksrk gSA
30
okD; dh ifjHkk"kkμ
mn~ns'; rFkk fo/s; ls cuh Hkk"kk dh og y?kqre bdkbZ] ftlosQ
ekè;e ls oDrk vius Hkkoksa vkSj fopkjksa dks laizsf"kr djrk gS] ^okD;*
dgykrk gSA
okD; dh izeq[k fo'ks"krk,¡
bl rjg okD; dh fuEufyf[kr fo'ks"krk,¡ lkeus vkrh gSaμ
(i) okD; fopkjksa ,oa Hkkoksa dks O;Dr djusokyh Hkkf"kd bdkbZ gSA
(ii) okD; dh jpuk fofHkUu inksa ,oa inca/ksa osQ esy ls gksrh gSA
(iii) okD; osQ nks izeq[k ?kVd gksrs gSaμmn~ns'; rFkk fo/s;A
(iv) fcuk ^fo/s;* ;k ^fØ;k inca/* osQ dksbZ Hkh okD; ugha curkA
(v) okD; Lo;a esa iw.kZ rFkk Lora=k gksrk gSA

okD; osQ Hksn

okD; osQ Hksn nks vk/kjksa ij fd, tkrs gSaμjpuk osQ vk/kj ij rFkk vFkZ
osQ vk/kj ijA
jpuk osQ vk/kj ij okD;ksa osQ Hksn djrs le; ;g ns[kk tkrk gS fd
okD;ksa dh jpuk ,d fØ;k inca/ ls gqbZ gS ;k ,dkf/d fØ;k inca/ksa lsA
ftl okD; esa osQoy ,d gh fØ;k inca/ gksrk gS] mls ljy okD; dgrs
gSa rFkk ftlesa ,d ls vfèkd fØ;k inca/ gksrs gSa] mls tfVy okD; dgrs gSaA
tfVy okD;ksa osQ iqu% nks Hksn fd, tkrs gSaμla;qDr okD; rFkk feJ okD;A
vFkZ osQ vk/kj ij okD;ksa osQ Hksn djrs le; ;g ns[kk tkrk gS fd okD;
vFkZ dh dkSu&lh NVk,¡ fc[ksj jgk gS ;k oDrk osQ dkSu&ls Hkkoksa ,oa o`fRr;ksa
(moods) dks O;Dr dj jgk gS\
izLrqr vè;k; esa ikB~;Øekuqlkj ge osQoy vFkZ osQ vk/kj ij fd,
tkusokys okD;ksa osQ Hksnksa dh gh ppkZ djsaxsA

vFkZ osQ vk/kj ij okD;&Hksn

tSlk geus Åij Li"V fd;k Fkk fd vFkZ osQ vk/kj ij okD; osQ tks Hksn fd,
tkrs gSa] muesa okD; osQ vFkZ ;k oDrk n~okjk O;Dr fofHkUu ^o`fRr;ksa* (moods)
ij è;ku fn;k tkrk gSA
iwjd&iqfLrdk 31
vFkZ dh n`f"V ls okD;ksa osQ fuEufyf[kr izeq[k Hksn lkeus vkrs gSaμ
1- dFkukRed ;k fo/kuokpd okD; 2- iz'uokpd okD;
3- vkKkFkZd okD; 4- bPNkFkZd okD;
5- laHkkoukFkZd okD; 6- foLe;kfncks/d okD;
7- laosQrokpd okD; 8- fu"ks/kRed ;k udkjkRed okD;
vFkZ osQ vk/kj ij okD;ksa osQ tks Hksn gSa] muesa ,d fØ;k inca/ okys ^ljy
okD;* Hkh gks ldrs gSa rFkk ,d ls vf/d fØ;k inca/ okys ^tfVy okD;*
HkhA vc ge izR;sd Hksn osQ ckjs esa foLrkj ls ppkZ djsaxsμ
1- dFkukRed ;k fo/kuokpd okD;
bu okD;ksa dks vaxzs”kh esa 'Affirmative Sentences' dgk tkrk gSA ;s okD;
lkekU; ^dFku* (Statements) gksrs gSaA blosQ vfrfjDr bl oxZ esa fdlh oLrq
;k O;fDr dh fLFkfr] voLFkk] n'kk vkfn dk cks/ djkusokys fLFkR;kRed okD;
Hkh vkrs gSaA mnkgj.k nsf[k,μ
lkekU; dFku fLFkR;kRed okD;
1- rs”k gok py jgh gSA 1- 'khyk ,d vè;kfidk gSA
2- ckfj'k vkusokyh gSA 2- fdrkc es”k ij gSA
3- cPps eSnku esa [ksy jgs gSaA 3- og Nr ij gSA
4- dy esjs oqQN nksLr vk,¡xsA 4- esjk HkkbZ chekj FkkA
5- ge lc fI+kQYe ns[kus tk,¡xsA 5- eq>dks rs”k cq[kkj gSA
dFkukRed ;k fo/kuokpd okD;ksa osQ varxZr tfVy okD;
Hkh vkrs gSa tSlsμ
1- rs”k gok py jgh gS vkSj ckfj'k Hkh vkusokyh gSA
2- tks yksx esjs lkFk pyuk pkgsa] py ldrs gSaA
3- esjh cgu MkWDVj gS vkSj esjk HkkbZ bathfu;jA
4- og esgurh Hkh gS vkSj bZekunkj HkhA
5- ;k rks esjs lkFk pfy, ;k vius HkkbZ dks Hkst nhft,A
2- iz'uokpd okD;
bu okD;ksa dks vaxsz”kh esa 'Interrogative' ;k 'Question Sentences' dgrs
gSa rFkk buesa oDrk n~okjk dksbZ&u&dksbZ iz'u iwNk tkrk gSA fyf[kr Hkk"kk esa
iz'uokpd okD;ksa dh lekfIr ij iz'uokpd fpg~u (\) yxk;k tkrk gSA
32  O;kdj.k ifjp;&9 (dkslZ ^ch*)
iz'uksa osQ vk/kj ij ^iz'uokpd okD;* nks rjg osQ gksrs gSaμ
ftu okD;ksa esa ^D;k* 'kCn okD; osQ vkjaHk esa vkrk gS] mu okD;ksa osQ mRrj ^gk¡*
;k ^uk* esa fn, tkrs gSaA vaxzs”kh esa bUgsa 'Yes/No Answers Questions' dgk
tkrk gS rFkk nwljs os okD; gSa] ftuesa iz'uokpd 'kCn ^dc*] ^dgk¡*] ^oSQls*]
^D;ksa*] ^fdruk* vkfn okD; osQ chp esa vkrs gSa_ tSlsμ
(d) ^gk¡@uk* mRrjokys iz'uokpd ljy rFkk tfVy okD;μ
ljy okD; tfVy okD;
1- D;k vki [kkuk [kk pqosQ gSa\ 1- D;k vki ;gha #oasQxs vkSj
vkidk csVk esjs lkFk tk,xk\
2- D;k rqe esjs ?kj pyksxh\ 2- D;k rqe esjs lkFk pyksxh vkSj
eq>s oqQN fnykvksxh\
3- D;k 'khyk chekj gS\ 3- D;k 'khyk chekj gS vkSj og
vLirky esa gS\
([k) iz'uokpd 'kCn eè; esa vkusokys ljy rFkk tfVy okD; μ
ljy okD; tfVy okD;
1- rqe dc vk, Fks\ 1- rqe fnYyh ls dc vk, Fks
vkSj dgk¡ Bgjs Fks\
2- vki fdlls ckr dj jgs 2- og dkSu Fkk vkSj vki mlls
Fks\ D;k ckr dj jgs Fks\
3- rqEgkjh 'kknh dc gqbZ\ 3- rqeus crk;k D;ksa ugha fd
rqEgkjh 'kknh dc gqbZ\
3- vkKkFkZd okD;
bu okD;ksa esa oDrk ^vkKk*] ^funsZ'k*] ^izkFkZuk*] ^psrkouh* vkfn Hkkoksa dks O;Dr
djrk gSA ;s okD; Hkh ljy vkSj tfVy nksuksa rjg osQ gks ldrs gSa_ tSlsμ
ljy okD; tfVy okD;
1- rqe ;gk¡ ls tkvksA 1- rqe ;gk¡ ls tkvks vkSj vius
HkkbZ dks Hkst nksA
2- viuk dke djksA 2- viuk dke djks] ckrsa er djksA
3- le; ls igq¡p tkukA 3- le; ls igq¡p tkuk vkSj [kkuk
[kk ysukA
4- tYnh vk tkb,xkA 4- tYnh vk tkb,xk vkSj fdrkc
ysrs vkb,xkA
iwjd&iqfLrdk 33
4- bPNkFkZd okD;
bu okD;ksa esa oDrk osQ n~okjk ;k rks vius fy, ;k fdlh vkSj osQ fy, bPNk
dk Hkko O;Dr fd;k tkrk gSA ;s okD; Hkh ljy rFkk tfVy nksuksa izdkj osQ
gks ldrs gSa_ tSlsμ
ljy okD; tfVy okD;
1- vc pyk tk,A 1- vc pyk tk, vkSj lks;k tk,A
2- pydj [kkuk [kk;k tk,A 2- [kkuk [kk;k tk, vkSj fiQj
fI+kQYe ns[kh tk,A
3- vkidh ;k=kk 'kqHk gksA 3- Hkxoku djs] vkidh ;k=kk 'kqHk
gksA
tfVy bPNkFkZd okD;ksa esa igyk miokD; vkKkFkZd Hkh gks ldrk gS_ tSlsμ
4- lquks] vc dke fd;k tk,A
5- vkb,] fI+kQYe ns[ksaA
5- laHkkoukFkZd okD;
bu okD;ksa esa oDrk n~okjk fdlh dk;Z osQ Hkfo"; esa ?kfVr gksus osQ izfr laHkkouk
dk Hkko O;Dr fd;k tkrk gSA laHkkouk osQ vykok oDrk n~okjk bPNk] dkeuk]
vizR;{k vkns'k osQ Hkko Hkh izdV fd, tk ldrs gSaA ;s okD; Hkh ljy rFkk
tfVy nksuksa izdkj osQ gks ldrs gSa_ tSlsμ
ljy okD; tfVy okD;
1- 'kk;n vkt ckfj'k vk,A 1- 'kk;n ckfj'k vk, vkSj ge yksx
ckfj'k esa ugk,¡A
2- laHkor% Vªsu fey tk,A 2- laHkor% Vªsu fey tk, vkSj ge
dy rd igq¡p tk,¡A
3- gks ldrk gS fVdV fey tk,A 3- gks ldrk gS fVdV fey tk,
vkSj fI+kQYe ns[k ik,¡A
laHkkouk osQ LFkku ij bUgha okD;ksa esa dHkh&dHkh oDrk osQ eu esa lansg dh
Hkkouk Hkh gks ldrh gS rc ;s okD; lansgkFkZd okD;ksa dh dksfV esa vk tkrs gSaA
6- foLe;kfncks/d okD;
bu okD;ksa esa oDrk vdlj vk'p;Z] foLe;] ?k`.kk] g"kZ] izse] 'kksd] Hk;
vkfn osQ Hkko O;Dr djrk gS] vr% ;s foLe;kfncks/d okD; dgykrs gSaA bu
Hkkoksa dks O;Dr djus osQ fy, okD; osQ izkjaHk esa oDrk osQ eq[k ls izk;% vjs]
34  O;kdj.k ifjp;&9 (dkslZ ^ch*)
mI+kQ] gk;] /r~ vkfn foLe;kfncks/d vO;; mPpfjr gksrs gSaA fyf[kr Hkk"kk
esa foLe;kfncks/d vO;;ksa osQ ckn foLe;kfncks/d fpg~u (!) dk iz;ksx fd;k
tkrk gSA p¡wfd ;s okD; oDrk osQ eq[k ls vuk;kl fudy iM+rs gSa] vr% jpuk
dh n`f"V ls okD; izk;% ljy okD; gh gksrs gSa_ tSlsμ
1- vjs! rqe dc vk,\ 2- mI+kQ! fdruh Hk;adj Xkjeh gS]
vktA
3- okg! rqeus rks deky gh dj fn;kA 4- gk;! nnZ osQ ekjs rks eSa ej x;kA
5- /r~! ;g rqeus D;k fd;k\
7- laosQrokpd okD;
laosQrokpd okD; 'krZokph okD; Hkh dgykrs gSa_ D;ksafd bu okD;ksa esa oDrk
fdlh u fdlh 'krZ dk fo/ku djrk gSA ;s okD; izk;% ^;fn---rks*] ^vxj---rks*
vO;;ksa ls tqM+s feJ okD; gksrs gSa] vr% bl oxZ esa ^ljy okD;* ugha feyrs
gS_ tSlsμ
1- ;fn ckfj'k u vkbZ rks ge yksx dgha ?kweus pysaxsA
2- vxj ukSdjh fey tkrh rks cgu dh 'kknh dj nsrkA
3- ;fn chekj u iM+rk rks ijh{kk ns ldrk FkkA
4- vxj fons'k pys x, gksrs rks ;gk¡ ls eqfDr fey tkrhA
5- vxj vkius esjh ckr ekuh gksrh rks ;s fnu u ns[kus iM+rsA
8- fu"ks/kRed ;k udkjkRed okD;
bu okD;ksa esa oDrk n~okjk dFkuksa dk fu"ks/ fd;k tkrk gS] vr% ;s okD;
^fu"ks/kRed okD;* ;k ^udkjkRed okD;* dgykrs gSaA
fganh esa fu"ks/ dks O;Dr djus osQ fy, okD;ksa esa ^u*] ^ugha* rFkk ^er* vO;;ksa
dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA tgk¡ rd fo/kuokph ;k dFkukRed okD;ksa osQ fu"ks/
dh ckr gS] blosQ fy, ^ugha* vO;; dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA bl oxZ esa jpuk
dh n`f"V ls ljy rFkk tfVy nksuksa gh izdkj osQ okD; vk ldrs gSa_ tSlsμ
ljy okD; tfVy okD;
1- cPps vkt LowQy ugha tk,¡xsA 1- cPps vkt LowQy ugha tk,¡xs
vkSj dke Hkh ugha djsaxsA
2- mUgksaus uk'rk ugha fd;kA 2- mUgksaus uk'rk Hkh ugha fd;k vkSj
[kkuk Hkh ugha [kk;kA
tfVy okD;ksa esa izk;% nksuksa miokD;ksa osQ vykok fdlh ,d miokD; esa gh
fu"ks/kRed vO;; ^ugha* dk iz;ksx gksrk gS_ tSlsμ
iwjd&iqfLrdk 35
 1- og chekj Fkh blfy, ugha vk ldhA
2- mlus rhu fnu ls [kkuk ugha [kk;k Fkk blfy, chekj iM+ x;kA
3- eSa ugha vk lowQ¡xk D;kasfd esjk csVk chekj gSA
tgk¡ rd ^u* rFkk ^er* fu"ks/kRed vO;;ksa osQ iz;ksx dh ckr gS] ^u* dk
iz;ksx ^bPNkFkZd*] ^laHkkoukFkZd* rFkk ^laosQrokpd* okD;ksa esa vkSj ^er*
dk iz;ksx ^vkKkFkZd okD;ksa* esa vf/d gksrk gS_ tSlsμ
^u* vO;; dk iz;ksx
bPNkFkZd fu"ksèkkRed okD; μ
1- vki ogk¡ u tk,¡ rks vPNk gSA 2- rqe ;s iQy u [kkvks rks csgrj gSA
3- esjs vkxs u pysaA 4- >wB u cksysaA
laHkkoukFkZd fu"ksèkkRed okD;μ
1- 'kk;n ckfj'k u vk,A 2- gks ldrk gS og u xbZ gksA
3- laHkor% Vªsu u feysA 4- gks ldrk gS og chekj u gksA
laosQrokpd fu"ksèkkRed okD;μ
laosQrokpd okD;ksa esa ^u* osQ vykok ^ugha* vO;; dk Hkh iz;ksx feyrk
gS_ tSlsμ
1- ;fn rqe ugha vkrs rks esjk dke cu tkrkA
2- vxj rqe nsj rd ugha lksrs rks ge dke lekIr dj ysrsA
3- vxj rqe ugha tkvksxs rks eSa Hkh ugha tkšxkA
4- ;fn rqe ugha cksyksxh rks eSa Hkh ckr ugha d:¡xkA
ftu tfVy okD;ksa osQ nksuksa miokD;ksa dk fu"ks/ fd;k tkrk gS] muosQ nksuksa
miokD;ksa osQ izkjaHk esa ^u* dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gS_ tSlsμ
1- u og vkbZ vkSj u vius csVs dks gh HkstkA
2- u rqeus pksjh dh gksrh vkSj u idM+s tkrsA
3- u esjs ikl iSls gSa vkSj u eSa oqQN [kjhnuk pkgrk gw¡A
^er* vO;; dk iz;ksx
fu"ksèkkRed vkKkFkZd okD;
1- ;gk¡ er cSBksA 2- mlls ckr er djksA
3- ;gk¡ ls dHkh er tkukA 4- vki mldh ckr er lqfu,A
blosQ vykok iz'uokpd okD;ksa osQ Hkh fu"ks/kRed :i feyrs gSa] ftuesa ugha
vO;; dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gS_ tSlsμ
36  O;kdj.k ifjp;&9 (dkslZ ^ch*)
iz'uokpd fu"ksèkkRed okD;
1- D;k rqe esjs lkFk ugha pyksxh\ 2- D;k Vªsu le; ls ugha py jgh gS\
3- og vkils ckr D;ksa ugha djrh\ 4- firk th us [kkuk D;ksa ugha [kk;k\
vU; fu"ks/kRed okD;
fganh esa fu"ks/okph vO;;ksaµ^u*] ^er* rFkk ^ugha* osQ iz;ksx osQ fcuk Hkh
vuqrku ifjorZu ls okD;ksa dks fu"ksèkkRed cuk;k tkrk gSA bu okD;ksa esa iz;qDr
iz'uokpd 'kCn iz'ukFkZd vFkZ u nsdj fu"ks/kRed vFkZ O;Dr djrs gSaA
fuEufyf[kr mnkgj.k nsf[k,μ
(d) ^FkksM+s gh* vO;; osQ iz;ksx lsμ
1- eSa FkksM+s gh mlls ckr djuk pkgrk gw¡A (vFkkZr ckr ugha djuk pkgrk)
2- og FkksM+s gh gekjs lkFk vk,xkA (vFkkZr ugha vk,xk)
3- mlus FkksM+s gh pksjh dh FkhA (vFkkZr mlus pksjh ugha dh Fkh)
([k) ^D;k* osQ iz;ksx lsμ
1- bl mez esa D;k djsxh og 'kknhA (vFkkZr 'kknh ugha djsxh)
2- vc D;k ekusxk] og esjh ckrA (vFkkZr ugha ekusxk)
3- vc mlls feyus ls D;k iQk;nkA (vFkkZr dksbZ iQk;nk ugha)
(x) ^dgk¡* osQ iz;ksx lsμ
1- bl le; dgk¡ feysxh nokbZA (vFkkZr ugha feysxh)
2- og dgk¡ ckr djrk gS] Xkjhcksa lsA (vFkkZr ugha djrk gS)
(?k) ^D;ksa* osQ iz;ksx lsμ
1- vc D;ksa rqe lquksxs] esjh ckrA (vFkkZr ugha lquksxs)
2- vc rqe D;ksa pyksxs] gekjs lkFkA (vFkkZr ugha pyksxs)
3- vc D;ksa nsxk] og iSlsA (vFkkZr ugha nsxk)
(Ä) ^ls jgk* osQ iz;ksx lsμ
1- vc rks Vªsu feyus ls jghA (vFkkZr ugha feysxh)
2- vc rks 'kknh gksus ls jghA (vFkkZr ugha gksxh)
3- vc rks >wB Nqius ls jgkA (vFkkZr ugha Nqisxk)

è;ku nsus ;ksX; ckrsa

• ^okD;* ekuo eu osQ Hkkoksa dks O;Dr djusokyh Hkk"kk dh y?kqre
bdkbZ gSA
• okD; osQ nks izeq[k ?kVd gksrs gSaμ mn~ns'; rFkk foèks;A
• okD; dh jpuk fofHkUu inksa ,oa incaèkksa ls gksrh gSA
iwjd&iqfLrdk 37
 • okD; osQ Hksn nks vkèkkjksa ij fd, tkrs gSaμ
1- jpuk osQ vkèkkj ij 2- vFkZ osQ vkèkkj ijA
• vFkZ osQ vkèkkj ij okD; osQ izeq[k Hksn fuEufyf[kr gSaμ
1- dFkukRed okD; 2- iz'uokpd okD; 3- vkKkFkZd okD;
4- bPNkFkZd okD; 5- laHkkoukFkZd okD; 6- foLe;kfncksèkd okD;
7- laosQrokpd okD; 8- fu"ksèkkRed okD;

vH;kl&dk;Z
1- ^okD;* ls D;k rkRi;Z gS\ mnkgj.k nsdj le>kb,A
2- vFkZ dh n`f"V ls okD; osQ lHkh Hksnksa osQ uke fyf[k, rFkk izR;sd
osQ nks&nks mnkgj.k nhft,A
3- varj crkb,A
1- fu"ks/kRed bPNkFkZd rFkk fu"ks/kRed vkKkFkZd
2- lkekU; laosQrokpd rFkk fu"ks/kRed laosQrokpd
3- ^D;k* ls izkjaHk gksusokys iz'uokpd okD; rFkk iz'uokpd 'kCn chp
esa vkusokys okD;
4- vFkZ osQ vk/kj ij izR;sd okD; dk Hksn crkb,A
1- geus dke dj fy;k gSA ------------------------------------------------
2- mlus xkuk ugha lquk;kA -----------------------------------------------
3- rqe dgk¡ x, Fks\ ------------------------------------------------
4- gk;! esjk flj iQVk tk jgk gSA ------------------------------------------------
5- tkdj viuk dke djksA ------------------------------------------------
6- gks ldrk gS vkt fctyh u vk,A ------------------------------------------------
7- ;gk¡ er cSBksA ------------------------------------------------
8- vki ;gk¡ ls tkb,A ------------------------------------------------
9- 'kk;n gksVy [kqyk gksA ------------------------------------------------
10- ;fn Hkw[k yxsxh rks [kkuk [kk yw¡xkA -------------------------------------------------
11- yM+osQ eSnku esa [ksy jgs gSaA ------------------------------------------------
12- eSa FkksM+s gh mlls feyw¡xkA ------------------------------------------------
13- og rks iSls ykSVkus ls jgkA ------------------------------------------------
14- 'kke dks pys tkukA ------------------------------------------------
15- D;k rqEgkjs firk th chekj gSa\ ------------------------------------------------
16- vki u tk,¡ rks vPNk gSA ------------------------------------------------
38  O;kdj.k ifjp;&9 (dkslZ ^ch*)
 17- >wB er cksyksA ------------------------------------------
18- eSa rqe ij oSQls fo'okl d:¡\ ------------------------------------------
19- vc D;k nsxk og nkorA  ------------------------------------------
20- og dgk¡ dk bZekunkj gSA  ------------------------------------------
21- pyks] [kkuk [kk;k tk,A  ------------------------------------------
22- cp osQ pyks HkkbZA  -----------------------------------------
23- vksg! fdruh lqanj ?kkVh gSA  -----------------------------------------
24- vxj rqe vkvksxs rks eq>s vPNk yxsxkA ------------------------------------------
25- D;k uke gS] vkidk\ ---------------------------------------------------------------------
5- dks"Bd esa fn, x, funsZ'kksa osQ vuqlkj okD;&ifjofrZr dhft,A
1- yM+osQ eSnku esa [ksyrs gSaA ------------------------------------------ (fu"ks/kRed)
2- rqe vkt D;ksa vkvksxs\ ---------------------------------------------- (fu"ks/kRed)
3- os yksx f'keyk esa jgrs gSaA -----------------------------------------(iz'uokpd)
4- vki esjs ?kj pysaA ----------------------------------------------------- (fu"ks/kRed)
5- rqEgsa ukSdjh fey tk,xhA ---------------------------------------------- (bPNkFkZd)
6- vkt ckfj'k gksxhA ----------------------------------------------------(laHkkoukFkZd)
7- fdruh cncw gSA -------------------------------------------------- (foLe;kfncks/d)
8- mlosQ lkFk jguk eq>s vPNk yxsxkA --------------------------- (laosQrkFkZd)
9- mlosQ ?kj tkuk gSA -------------------------------------------------------(vkKkFkZd)
10- eqosQ'k fØosQV [ksysxkA --------------------------------------------- (laHkkoukFkZd)
11- ;g pkj vk¡[kksa okyk ,d tkuoj gSA ------------------------ (iz'uokpd)
12- yM+dk Vhúohú ugha ns[krkA ----- ----------------------------------- (bPNkFkZd)
13- rqEgkjk csVk cgqr lqanj gSA --------------------------------- (foLe;kfncks/d)
14- okg! fdruk [kwclwjr n`'; gSA ---------------------------------- (dFkukRed)
15- og ,d vPNh yM+dh gSA --------------------------------------- (fu"ks/kRed)
16- ehjk dks ukSdjh fey xbZA ----------------------------------------- (iz'uokpd)
17- 'kk;n MkWDVj fey tk,A -------------------------------------------- (fu"ks/kRed)
18- vxj esjs ikl #i;s gksrs rks eSa xkM+h [kjhn ysrkA--------- (fu"ks/kRed)
19- 'kk;n og i=k fy[ksA---------------------------------------------------- (vkKkFkZd)
20- yM+dh e/qj xhr xk jgh gSA ----------------------------- (foLe;kfncks/d)
21- rqe nksuksa lkFk tkvksA ---------------------------------------------------- (bPNkFkZd)
22- mldh cgu ijh{kk ns jgh gSA --------------------------------- (laHkkoukFkZd)
23- ehjk jks”k oaQI;wVj lh[kus tkrh gSA ------------------------------ (vkKkFkZd)

iwjd&iqfLrdk 39
 24- mlosQ pkpk th py clsA ---------------------------------- (foLe;kfncks/d)
25- eSaus fI+kQYe ugha ns[kh FkhA ----------------------------------------- (iz'uokpd)
26- eSa fnYyh tkm¡QxkA-------------------------------------------------------- (fu"ks/kRed)
27- vc og iSls ugha nsxkA-----(fu"ks/kRed] fcuk fu"ks/kRed vO;; osQ)
28- vxys lky ge f'keyk ”k:j tk,¡xsA------------------------ (laosQrokpd)
29- vPNs dkeksa ls iz'kalk feyrh gSA ---------------------------- (laosQrokpd)
30- vki dejs ls ckgj tk ldrs gSaA ------------------------------- (fu"ks/kRed)
6- feyku dhft,A
oxZ&d oxZ&[k
1- dFkukRed okD; (i) pyks] pyk tk,A
2- vkKkFkZd okD; (ii) D;k vki [kkuk [kk pqosQ\
3- fu"ks/kRed vkKkFkZd okD; (iii) 'kk;n dy cI+kZQ fxjsA
4- bPNkFkZd okD; (iv) ;fn rqe pyksxh rks e”kk
vk,xkA
5- fu"ks/kRed bPNkFkZd okD; (v) rqe ;gk¡ ls tkvksA
6- iz'uokpd okD; (vi) 'kk;n eSa dy u vk ikšA
7- fu"ks/kRed iz'uokpd okD; (vii) okg! fdruh lqanj rLohj gSA
8- laHkkoukFkZd okD; (viii) og rqEgsa iSls nsus ls jgkA
9- fu"ks/kRed laHkkoukFkZd okD; (ix) vki ;gk¡ er cSfB,A
10- foLe;kfncks/d okD; (x) esjs ihNs u vk,¡ rks vPNk gSA
11- laosQrokpd okD; (xi) rqe dy D;ksa ugha vk, Fks\
12- fu"ks/kRed vO;; jfgr (xii) vkt ckfj'k gks jgh gSA
fu"ks/kRed okD;

qqq

40  O;kdj.k ifjp;&9 (dkslZ ^ch*)

 lans'k&ys[ku
4 (Messsage Writing)

tc dksbZ O;fDr fdlh O;fDr rd vius eu dh ckr ;k lwpuk fy[kdj

OgkV~l,i ;k bZ&esy osQ ekè;e ls Lo;a Hkstrk gS ;k fdlh vU; O;fDr osQ
ekè;e ls ml O;fDr rd igq¡pkus dh dksf'k'k djrk gS vkSj og O;fDr mlosQ
n~okjk izkIr lwpuk dks fy[kdj lacn~/ O;fDr rd igq¡pkrk gS rc ;g izfØ;k
lans'k&ys[ku dh Js.kh esa vkrh gSA
bl izdkj ge dg ldrs gSa fd fdlh O;fDr osQ n~okjk fy[kdj Lo;a ;k
fdlh vU; O;fDr osQ n~~okjk mldh izkIr lwpuk dks fy[kdj lacn~/
O;fDr dks Hkstuk lans'k&ys[ku dgykrk gSA
lans'k fy[krs le; lans'k ys[kd dks ;g è;ku j[kuk pkfg, fd laçs"; dF;
dh çeq[k ckrsa ^lans'k* esa Li"V ,oa lgh :i esa vk tk,¡A lans'k&ys[ku
Nk=kksa dks ;g fl[kkrk gS fd fdlh çkIr lans'k dks lgh ,oa laf{kIr :i esa oSQls
çLrqr djsaA osQoy ekSf[kd :i ls çkIr lwpukvksa osQ vkèkkj ij gh ugha dfri;
fyf[kr rF;ksa osQ vkèkkj ij Hkh ^lans'k* rS;kj fd;k tk ldrk gSA
vPNs lans'k dh fo'ks"krk,¡
• lans'k laf{kIr vkSj rF;ijd (to the point) gksuk pkfg,A
• lans'k dks vkSipkfjd vFkok vukSipkfjd fVIi.kh osQ :i esa fy[kk tk
ldrk gSA
• laçs"; dF; dh çeq[k ckrsa NwVuh ugha pkfg,A
lans'k dk çk:i
lans'k
le; % ------------
frfFk % ------------
---------------------- (,d iafDr NksM+dj)
---------------------- lacksfèkr O;fDr dk uke)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (fo"k;oLrq)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------A
------------------------------------------------ (,d iafDr NksM+dj)
(çs"kd dk uke)
------------------------------------------------
41
lans'k fy[krs le; è;ku j[kus ;ksX; ckrsaµ
• lans'k dh fo"k;oLrq esa os ckrsa gh fy[kh tkuh pkfg, tks vfr
vko';d gksaA
• lans'k esa viuh vksj ls dksbZ ubZ ckr ugha fy[kuh pkfg,A
• lajpuk dh n`f"V ls lgh okD; gh fy[kus pkfg,A
• O;kdjf.kd ,oa orZuh lacaèkh v'kqn~f/;k¡ u gksa] bldk è;ku j[kuk pkfg,A
• lans'k dks fuèkkZfjr izk:i osQ vuqlkj gh fy[kuk pkfg,A
• fu/kZfjr 'kCn&lhek dk è;ku j[kuk pkfg,A
• lans'k fuèkkZfjr çk:i osQ vuqlkj ,d dV?kjs (Box) esa gh fy[kk tkuk
pkfg,A
• lans'k fy[ks tkus dk le; ,oa frfFk vo'; fn;k tkuk pkfg,A
• ftl O;fDr dks lans'k nsuk gS] çkjaHk esa mldk uke rFkk var esa lans'k
ys[kd osQ gLrk{kj vo'; gksus pkfg,A
è;ku jf[k,] lhúchú,lúbZú cksMZ n~okjk ^lans'k* dh 'kCn&lhek yxHkx 30&40
'kCn j[kh xbZ gS rFkk lans'k osQ fy, oqQy 5 vad fuèkkZfjr fd, x, gSaA
lans'k osQ ewY;kadu gsrq vad&foHkktu %
( d) le; ,oa frfFk 0-5 vad
([k) lacksfèkr O;fDr rFkk fo"k;&foLrkj 2-5 vad
(x) 'kqn~/rk (accuracy) ,oa èkkjkçokfgrk (Fluency) 1-5 vad
(?k) çs"kd dk uke 0-5 vad
lans'kksa osQ dqN uewus
1- vkidk uke nhid gSA vkiosQ firk th dh vuqifLFkfr esa muosQ
dk;kZy; ls i- Qksu vk;k Fkk tks vkius mBk;kA i- Qksu djus okys O;fDr
ls vkidk fuEufyf[kr okrkZyki gqvk FkkA pw¡fd vkidks V~;w'ku
i<+us tkuk gSA vr% mDr okrkZyki dks è;ku esa j[kdj vius firk
th ds fy, lans'k fyf[k,A
okrkZyki %
'kekZ % gSyks] fnokdj th gSa\
nhid % ugha] ikik vHkh ?kj ij ugha gSaA vki dkSu cksy jgs gSa\
'kekZ % eSa fnus'k 'kekZA rqEgkjs firk th osQ dk;kZy; ls cksy jgk gw¡A
fnokdj th dks ,d lwpuk nsuh FkhA
nhid % vki eq>s crk nhft,A eSa ikik dks lwfpr dj nw¡xkA
'kekZ % vPNk csVk] fnokdj th dks crk nsuk fd 16
flracj 20XX dks tks ehfVax gksus okyh Fkh] og
LFkfxr gks xbZ gS rFkk ubZ frfFk dh lwpuk ckn esa nh tk,xhA
nhid % Bhd gS vady! eSa ikik dks crk nw¡xkA
42  O;kdj.k ifjp;&9 (dkslZ ^ch*)
 lans'k%
lans'k
vijkg~u 4 cts
14&09&20XX
ikik
vkiosQ dk;kZy; ls Jh fnus'k 'kekZ dk i- Qksu vk;k Fkk fd fnukad
16&09&20XX dks gksus okyh cSBd LFkfxr gks xbZ gS rFkk ubZ frfFk
dh lwpuk ckn esa nh tk,xhA

nhid
2- dfork us ^bZjkst osQfeLV* osQ ekfyd Jh ijs'k 'kekZ dks i- Qksu fd;kA
ijs'k 'kekZ mifLFkr ugha FksA vr% -iQksu ij mudh lgk;d ½rq us
ckrphr dhA pw¡fd ½rq dks rRdky dgha ckgj tkuk FkkA vr% mlus
Jh ijs'k 'kekZ osQ fy, fy[kdj lans'k NksM+ fn;kA fn, x, laokn
osQ vkèkkj ij mfpr çk:i esa lans'k fyf[k,A
okrkZyki
dfork % gSyksA bZjkst oSQfeLV\
½rq % th] dfg,A
dfork % D;k eSa ijs'k 'kekZ th ls ckr dj ldrh gw¡\
½rq % ekiQ dhft,] 'kekZ th rks vHkh gSa ughaA vki dkSu cksy
jgh gSa\
dfork % eSa dfork oekZ cksy jgh gw¡A ijs'k th dc rd feysaxs\
½rq % os rks 'kke dks Ng cts osQ ckn gh fey losaQxsA crkb, D;k
dke gS\
dfork % eSaus oqQN nokb;k¡ [kjhnh FkhaA ijs'k th us dy lqcg nl
cts esjs ?kj ij fHktokus osQ fy, dgk FkkA dy lqcg
eq>s ”k:jh dke ls ckgj tkuk gSA vr% ijs'k th ls
dguk Fkk fd nokb;k¡ dy dh ctk; ijlksa lqcg nl cts
fHktok nsaA
½rq % Bhd gS] vki fpark er dhft,A eSa 'kekZ th dks lwfpr
dj nw¡xhA
dfork % èkU;oknA

iwjd&iqfLrdk 43
 lans'k%

lans'k
lk;a 6 cts
15 tuojh] 20XX
'kekZ th
fdlh dfork oekZ us -iQksu ij lwfpr fd;k gS fd muosQ ;gk¡ tks
nokb;k¡ dy lqcg fHktokbZ tkuh Fkha] mUgsa dy osQ LFkku ij ijlksa
lqcg fHktok;k tk, D;ksafd dy lqcg os vius ?kj ij ugha jgsaxhA

½rq

3- vki lqèkhj@lquhrk gSa rFkk Nk=kkokl esa fnus'k@ehuk osQ lkFk jgrs
gSaA vkidks fiNys nks fnu ls cq[kkj vk jgk FkkA okMZu us vkidks
dkWyst osQ okgu ls vLirky Hkstk FkkA vLirky esa VsLV gksus ds
ckn irk pyk fd vkidks Msaxw gks x;k gSA vr% vkidks vLirky
esa ,d lIrkg osQ fy, ,MfeV dj fy;k x;k gSA pw¡fd vki vius
:eesV dh vuqifLFkfr esa vLirky vk, FksA vr% mudks lwfpr djus
osQ fy, ,d lans'k fyf[k,A
lans'k%

lans'k
vijkg~u 2%30 cts
14 vDVwcj] 20XX
fnus'k@ehuk
rqEgsa ;g rks Kkr gh gS fd eq>s nks fnu ls cq[kkj vk jgk FkkA vkt
okMZu us eq>s dkWyst&okgu ls vLirky fHktok;k FkkA VsLV gksus osQ
ckn irk pyk fd eq>s Msaxw gks x;k gSA vr% eq>s ,d lIrkg osQ fy,
,MfeV dj fy;k x;k gSA

lqèkhj@lquhrk

44  O;kdj.k ifjp;&9 (dkslZ ^ch*)

 4- vkidk uke lqèkhj gSA vki eqacbZ tkus okyh jktèkkuh ,Dlizsl ls eqacbZ
rd dh ;k=kk djus osQ fy, ubZ fnYyh jsyos LVs'ku igq¡ps gSaA ogk¡ vki
fuEufyf[kr ?kks"k.kk lqurs gSaA viuh dkj osQ Mªkboj osQ ekè;e ls
?kks"k.kk ls lacafèkr tkudkjh vius firk dks nsus osQ fy, ,d lans'k
rS;kj dhft,A
?kks"k.kk% ¶12952 jktèkkuh ,DLkçsl ls eqacbZ dh ;k=kk djus okys lHkh
;kf=k;ksa dks lwfpr fd;k tkrk gS fd mDr jktèkkuh ,Dlçsl Vªsu
iQjhnkckn osQ ikl nq?kZVukxzLr gks xbZ gSA vr% vkt ;g eqacbZ ugha tk losQxhA
blosQ LFkku ij ,d nwljh ,;joaQMh'ku Vªsu dh O;oLFkk dh tk jgh gS tks
IysViQkeZ&8 ls fuèkkZfjr le; 16%25 cts osQ LFkku ij jkr dks 19%30
ij jokuk gksxhA ;k=khx.k viuh mlh fVfdV ls ;k=kk dj losaQxs mUgsa ubZ
fVfdV [kjhnus fd vko';drk ugha gSA jktèkkuh ,Dlçsl dh gh rjg
bl Vªsu esa Hkh ;kf=k;ksa dks Hkkstu fn;k tk,xkAA ;kf=k;ksa dks gqbZ vlqfoèkk
osQ fy, [ksn gSA¸
lans'k%
lans'k
vijkg~u 16%30
14 vDVwcj] 20XX
MSMh
12952 fnYyh&eqacbZ jktèkkuh ,Dlizsl iQjhnkckn osQ fudV nq?kZVukxzLr
gks tkus osQ dkj.k ugha tk,xhA mlosQ LFkku ij ,d vU; ,;joaQMh'ku
Vªsu dh O;oLFkk dh xbZ gS tks jkr dks 19%30 eqacbZ osQ fy, jokuk
gksxhA ;k=khx.k blh Vªsu ls viuh ewy fVfdV osQ lkFk ;k=kk dj ldsaxs]
mUgsa ubZ fVfdV ysus dh vko';drk ugha gSA

lq/hj
5- osaQæh; fon~;ky;] xqokgkVh osQ çèkkukpk;Z Jh fodkl iVsy us
vius futh lfpo dks ;g funsZ'k fn;k gS fd og mudh uksVcqd
esa fn, x, laosQrksa dks è;ku esa j[kdj mudh vksj ls fon~;ky; dh
mi çèkkukpk;kZ Jherh mek lwn dks ,d lans'k HkstsA uksVcqd esa fn,
x, laosQrksa dks è;ku ls if<+, vkSj lans'k rS;kj dhft,A
iwjd&iqfLrdk 45
laosQr %
• vR;fèkd vko';d cSBd esa Hkkx ysaA
• cSBd çèkkukpk;Z d{k esa vkt vijkg~u 2%30 ctsA
• dk;Zlwph% okf"kZd ijh{kk frfFk fuèkkZj.k
• iwoZ rS;kfj;ksa dh leh{kk
• ijh{kk la;kstd ,oa lHkh foHkkxkè;{k Hkh mifLFkr jgsa

lans'k%

lans'k
iwokZg~u 9%30 cts
18 iQjojh] 20XX
Jherh mek lwn
vkt vijkg~u 2%30 cts çèkkukpk;Z d{k esa ^okf"kZd ijh{kk frfFk fuèkkZj.k*
fo"k; ls lacafèkr vR;ar vko';d cSBd esa mifLFkr gksaA mDr cSBd esa lHkh
foHkkxksa osQ vè;{k ,oa ijh{kk la;kstd Hkh mifLFkr jgsaA

fodkl iVsy
6- vkiosQ cM+s HkkbZ ^esfMdy ços'k ijh{kk* dh rS;kjh dj jgs gSa
ftlls fd esfMdy dkWyst esa mudk ços'k gks losQA ços'k ijh{kk
esa os vPNs vadksa ls mRRkh.kZ gksa ,slh 'kqHkdkeuk djrs gq, ,d lans'k
rS;kj dhft,A
lans'k%

lans'k
vijkg~u 4 cts
15 tuojh] 20XX
HkkbZ lkgc
bZ'oj ls çkFkZuk gS fd ^esfMdy ços'k ijh{kk* esa vki cgqr vPNs vadksa ls
mRrh.kZ gksa vkSj vkidk ços'k ns'k dh fdlh çfrf"Br esfMdy dkWyst
esa gks] ftlls vki ,d vPNs MkWDVj cudj ns'k fd lsok dj ldsaA
lqeu

46  O;kdj.k ifjp;&9 (dkslZ ^ch*)

 7- viuh lgsyh ;k vius nksLr dks vkus okyh bZn dh 'kqHkdkeuk,¡ nsrs
gq, ,d lans'k rS;kj dhft,A
lgsyh dks lans'k%

lans'k
vijkg~u 3 cts
21&08&20XX

gehnk
pk¡n dh pk¡nuh jks'ku dj ns vkidks] ;s gok Hkh egdk ns vkidks]
tks pkgrs gks ek¡x yks [kqnk ls] esjh nqvk gS lc fey tk, vkidksA
bZn eqckjd!

nhik

fe=k dks lans'k%

lans'k
iwokZg~u 11 cts
21&08&20XX

lyhe
bZn dh cgqr&cgqr 'kqHkdkeuk,¡A [kqnk ls nqvk gS fd og rqEgkjh ftanxh
dks [kqf'k;ksa vkSj feBkl ls Hkj nsA ifjokj osQ lHkh yksxksa dks bZn eqckjdA

lqfer

8- fons'k esa jgus okys vius cM+s HkkbZ ;k cM+h cgu dks vkus okyh
nhikoyh dh 'kqHkdkeuk,¡ nsrs gq, ,d lans'k rS;kj dhft,A

iwjd&iqfLrdk 47
 cM+s HkkbZ dks lans'k%

lans'k
iwokZg~u 10 cts
21&11&20XX

HkkbZ lkgc
f>yfeykrs nhiksa dh jks'kuh ls çdkf'kr nhikoyh dk ;g ioZ vkiosQ
thou esa lq[k] le`n~f/ vkSj [kqf'k;ksa dh cjlkr ysdj vk, vkSj vkidk
thou lnk txexkrk jgsA 'kqHk nhikoyh!

vuqt

cM+h cgu dks lans'k%

lans'k
iwokZg~u 9 cts
21&11&20XX

nhnh
nhi tyrs jgsa] txexkrs jgsa] ge vkidks] vki gedks lnk ;kn vkrs
jgsa] tc rd gS ;g ftanxh] nqvk gS gekjh] vki pk¡n dh rjg txexkrh
jgsaA ekrk y{eh dh o`Qik vki ij cuh jgsA 'kqHk nhikoyh!

f'kYik

9- fdlh nwljs 'kgj esa jgdj ukSdjh dj jgs vius cM+s HkkbZ ;k cM+h
cgu osQ ifjokj dks vkus okyh gksyh dh 'kqHkdkeuk,¡ nsrs gq, ,d
lans'k rS;kj dhft,A
48  O;kdj.k ifjp;&9 (dkslZ ^ch*)
 cM+s HkkbZ dks lans'k%

lans'k
vijkg~u 3 cts
11&03&20XX

HkkbZ lkgc
gksyh osQ jax [kqf'k;k¡ yk,¡] vkidks mUufr osQ iFk ij ys tk,¡]
bZ'oj ls ;gh çkFkZuk gS fd vkidh ¯tnxh Hkh jaxksa ls Hkj tk,A
vkidks vkSj HkkHkh dks gksyh dh cgqr&cgqr 'kqHkdkeuk,¡A

eqosQ'k

cM+h cgu dks lans'k%

lans'k
vijkg~u 3 cts
11&03&20XX

nhnh
jaxkas dh gks o"kkZ] xqyky dh gks iqQgkj]
lwjt dh gksa fdj.ksa] [kqf'k;ksa dh gks ckSNkjA
panu dh gks [kq'kcw] viuksa dk feys I;kj]
eqckjd gks nhnh vkidks gksyh dk R;ksgkjA
;g gksyh vkiosQ vkSj thtk th osQ thou dks [kqf'k;ksa ls Hkj nsA

lqjs'k

10- nwljs 'kgj esa jgus okys vkiosQ fe=k dh cgu osQ fookg dk fuea=k.k
vkidks feyk gSA vki vius fe=k dks ,d 'kqHkdkeuk lans'k fyf[k,A

iwjd&iqfLrdk 49
 lans'k%
lans'k
vijkg~u 3 cts
10&10&20XX

nhid
jek nhnh osQ fookg dh gkfnZd 'kqHkdkeuk,¡A bZ'oj ls çkFkZuk gS fd
muosQ ekFks dh fcafn;k lnk pedrh jgs vkSj gkFkksa dh esg¡nh egdrh
jgsA mudk u;k thou lq[ke; vkSj eaxye; gksA

eqosQ'k

vH;kl&dk;Z
• uhps fn, x, funsZ'kksa dks è;ku ls if<+, vkSj lans'k rS;kj dhft,A
1- fiadh us viuh lgsyh nhfIr dks -iQksu fd;k] ij og ?kj ij ugha
FkhA mldh ekrk th us -iQksu mBk;kA fiadh us crk;k fd nhfIr osQ
tUefnol ikVhZ esa mls vkuk Fkk] ¯drq mlosQ nknk th dh rch;r
[kjkc gks tkus osQ dkj.k og ugha vk ldrh gSA ekrk th dh vksj
ls nhfIr dks lwfpr djus osQ fy, ,d lans'k fyf[k,A
2- Ldwy dh NqV~Vh osQ ckn vkidks d{kk osQ ckgj ,d fdrkc iM+h
feyrh gS] ftl ij vkiosQ nksLr lquhy dk uke fy[kk gqvk gSA pw¡fd
lquhy dk ?kj vkiosQ ?kj ls vfèkd nwj ugha gSA vr% vki 'kke
dks [kqn lquhy dks fdrkc nsus ds fy, mlosQ ?kj tkrs gSaA njoktk
lquhy dh ekrk th [kksyrh gSa vkSj crkrh gSa fd lquhy rks ?kj ij
ugha gSA vki iqLrd dks ekrk th dks ns nsrs gSa vkSj lquhy osQ fy,
,d lans'k Hkh fy[kdj ns nsrs gSaA lquhy osQ fy, ,d mfpr lans'k
fyf[k,A
3- vius bZlkbZ nksLr gSfjl dks vkus okys fØlel dh 'kqHkdkeuk,¡ nsrs
gq, ,d lans'k rS;kj dhft,A
4- flracj osQ çFke lIrkg esa vks.ke dk R;ksgkj vkus okyk gSA vkidh
fç; lgsyh fon~;k f=kosaæe (osQjy) esa jgrh gSA viuh lgs yh dks
'kqHkdkeuk,¡ nsrs gq, ,d lans'k fyf[k,A
50  O;kdj.k ifjp;&9 (dkslZ ^ch*)
 5- vkidk uke foiqy gSA vkidk nksLr 'kqHke f'keyk esa jgrk gSA
vkidks lwpuk feyh gS fd 'kqHke osQ firk th dks fny dk nkSjk
iM+k FkkA os vLirky esa ,MfeV gSaA 'kqHke osQ firk th 'kh?kz LoLFk
gks tk,¡ ;g dkeuk djrs gq, 'kqHke osQ fy, ,d lans'k fyf[k,A
6- dfiy vkSj fjlsI'kfuLV ds chp gq, fuEufyf[kr laokn dks if<+,&
dfiy % D;k vki KkuHkkjrh LowQy ls cksy jgh gSa\
fjlsI'kfuLV% th] crkb, D;k dke gS\
dfiy % esjk uke dfiy gSA eSa ^lqys[kk iqLrd HkaMkj* ls cksy jgk
gw¡A D;k esjh ckr fçafliy lkgc ls gks ldrh gS\
fjlsI'kfuLV% ekiQ dhft,] fçafliy lkgc bl le; vius d{k esa ugha
gSaA os nks ?kaVs ckn okil ykSVsaxsA vki pkgsa rks eq>s viuk
lans'k ns ldrs gSaA eSa mls fçafliy lkgc rd igq¡pk nw¡xhA
dfiy % njvly esa ge yksxksa us vkiosQ ;gk¡ iqLrOksaQ lIykbZ dh FkhaA
xr lIrkg mldk fcy Hkh Hkst fn;k FkkA ysfdu vHkh rd
fcy dk Hkqxrku ugha gqvk gSA fcy osQ Hkqxrku osQ lacaèk
esa gh eq>s lkgc ls ckr djuh FkhA
fjlsI'kfuLV% Bhd gS] eSa vkiossQ bl lans'k dks fçafliy lkgc rd igq¡pk
nw¡xhA
dfiy % èkU;okn!
pw¡fd fjlsI'kfuLV dks Hkh fdlh dk;Z ls ckgj tkuk gSA vr% Jh dfiy osQ lkFk
Vsyh-iQksu ij gqbZ ckrphr osQ vkèkkj ij mlus fçafliy osQ fy, lans'k
fy[kdj NksM+ fn;kA fjlsI'kfuLV us lans'k dks fdl :i esa fy[kk gksxk\
vki vius 'kCnksa esa fy[kdj crkb,A
7- vkiosQ nksLr fd'kksj us f'keyk ls viuh cM+h cgu ds fookg dk
fuea=k.k i=k Hkstk gSA vki fookg esa 'kkfey ugha gks ldrsA vius
nksLr dks mldh cgu osQ fookg dk 'kqHkdkeuk lans'k Hksft,A
8- vkiosQ tUefnu ij vkidk fe=k xksiky vk ugha ik;k Fkk] ij mlus
vius Mªkboj osQ n~okjk vkiosQ fy, migkj Hksts FksA vius fe=k dk
vkHkkj çdV djrs gq, ,d lans'k fy[kdj Hksft,A
9- vkidh cM+h cgu fnO;k dh vuqifLFkfr esa mldh lgsyh vafdrk dk
-iQksu vk;k FkkA vafdrk ls -iQksu ij vkius ckr dh FkhA fuEufyf[kr
okrkZyki dks i<+dj vafdrk us vkidh cgu ds fy, tks lans'k fn;k
gS] mls viuh cgu osQ fy, fyf[k,A
iwjd&iqfLrdk 51
 okrkZyki %
vafdrk % gSyks] dkSu--- fnO;k cksy jgh gS\
dkO;k % ugha] eSa fnO;k dh NksVh cgu dkO;k cksy jgh gw¡A vki dkSu
cksy jgh gSa\
vafdrk % eSa vafdrk gw¡A fnO;k dh lgsyhA D;k fnO;k ?kj ij ugha gS\
dkO;k % ugha nhnh] og dgha dke ls ckgj xbZ gS vkSj 'kke dks
ykSVsaxhA fnO;k nhnh osQ fy, vkidks vxj dksbZ lans'k nsuk
gks rks vki eq>s ns ldrh gSaA
vafdrk % dkO;k] fnO;k ls dguk fd dy tks ¯gnh dh ijh{kk gksuh
Fkh] og ck<+ ds dkj.k jn~n gks xbZ gSA vc ;g ijh{kk vxys
lkseokj dks gksxhA vr% og dy Ldwy u tk,A
dkO;k % Bhd gS nhnh] eSa fnO;k nhnh dks crk nw¡xhA
vafdrk % vksosQA èkU;oknA
10- vkidh ekrk th dks oqQN nokb;ksa dh vko';drk FkhA mUgkasus
vkiosQ cM+s HkkbZ dks mu lHkh nokb;ksa osQ uke ,d ijps ij fy[kdj
fn, FksA blosQ ckn os vius n-Ýrj pyh xb±A n-Ýrj tkus ls igys os
vkils dgdj xbZa Fkha fd vki vius cM+s HkkbZ dks nokb;k¡ ykus osQ
fy, ;kn fnyk nsaA vkidks V~;w'ku osQ fy, tkuk Fkk vkSj cM+s HkkbZ
ml le; ckFk:e esa FksA V~;w'ku ij tkus ls igys vius cM+s HkkbZ osQ
fy, ,d lans'k fy[kdj NksM+ nhft,A

qqq

52  O;kdj.k ifjp;&9 (dkslZ ^ch*)

 ukjk&ys[ku
5 (Slogan Writing)

ukjk D;k gS\

vaxzs”kh esa ^ukjs* dks ’Slogan’ ;k ’tagline’ dgrs gSaA ^ukjk* jktuhfrd]
O;kikfjd] /kfeZd ;k vU; lanHkks± esa fdlh fopkj ;k mn~ns'; dks ckj&ckj
vfHkO;Dr djus osQ fy, ç;qDr ;knxkj ^vkn'kZ okD;* ;k ^lwfDr* gSA ;g
okf.kT; ,oa O;kikj osQ lanHkZ esa ,d ,slk vkd"kZd okD; gksrk gS tks fdlh
oaQiuh osQ mRikn~;@mRikn (Product) ;k mldh vfLerk dk ifjp; djkrk gSA
,d vkn'kZ ukjk og gksrk gS tks vius ikBd ;k Jksrk osQ eu ij Hkkoiw.kZ
çHkko NksM+rk gS] blhfy, ,d vkd"kZd (Catchy) ukjk fy[kuk ljy ugha gksrkA
oLrqr% ,d vPNk ^ukjk* foKkiu dks cgqr çHkkoh cuk nsrk gSA
çR;sd ukjs dk mn~ns'; vius xzkgd ;k vius yf{kr ikBd oxZ dks ,d fuf'pr lans'k
nsuk gksrk gSA ukjksa dk fuekZ.k bl ckr dks è;ku esa j[kdj fd;k tkrk gS fd os vius
miHkksDrk osQ è;ku dks rs”kh ls [khap losaQA vkdkj esa NksVk gksus osQ dkj.k ukjksa
dk lcls cM+k ykHk ;g gS fd bUgsa vklkuh ls le>k tk ldrk gS vkSj ;kn
Hkh j[kk tk ldrk gSA
vPNs ukjksa dh fo'ks"krk,¡
• ;svkiosQ mRikn~;@mRikn osQ ckjs esa çHkko'kkyh fp=k çLrqr djrs gSaA
• miHkksDrkvksa dks lkspus ossQ fy, foo'k djrs gSaA
• HkhM+ esa vkiosQ mRikn~;@mRikn dks çfrf"Br djrs gSaA
• yksxksa esa vkiosQ mRikn~;@mRikn dh ek¡x dks c<+k nsrs gSaA
• ;s vklkuh ls ;kn j[ks tk ldrs gSaA
• budk ygtk lkSgknZ iSnk djus okyk gksrk gSA
• ;s miHkksDrk ds eu ij vuqowQy çHkko NksM+us esa leFkZ gksrs gSaA
• oaQiuh ;k mRikn~;@mRikn osQ çeq[k ykHkksa dks miHkksDrkvksa osQ le{k çLrqr
djus esa leFkZ gksrs gSaA
• mRikn~;@mRikn vU; oaQifu;ksa osQ mRikn~;@mRikn ls fdl rjg fHkUu vkSj
mRRke gS ;g crkus dh buesa {kerk gksrh gSA
53
vPNs ukjs fy[krs le; è;ku j[kus ;ksX; ckrsaµ
• mrkoyh u djsaA vPNk ukjk fy[kus ls igys miHkksDrkvksa vkSj
çfrn~oan~fo;ksa osQ ckjs esa vf/d ls vf/d tkudkjh çkIr djuk ”k:jh
gSA vr% ukjs fy[kus esa mrkoyh u djsaA
• ukjksa dks ;FkklaHko euksjatd (humourous) cukus dk ç;kl djsaA
• ukjksa dks vf/dkf/d ljy vkSj laf{kIr j[ksaA
• ukjksa osQ ekè;e ls oaQiuh ;k mlosQ mRikn dh vn~forh;rk ,oa vrqyuh;rk
dks vfHkO;Dr djsaA
vU; izfrn~oan~fo;ksa dh rqyuk esa vkidh oaQiuh osQ mRikn fdl çdkj
vrqyuh; vkSj vn~forh; gSa] ;g ckr ukjksa osQ ekè;e ls O;Dr djus dh
dksf'k'k djsaA
• ukjs dks çpfyr yksdksfDr ;k fpj&ifjfpr vfHkO;fDr osQ lkFk lacn~/
djus dh dksf'k'k djsaA mnkgj.k osQ fy, vaxzs”kh dh çfln~/ if=kdk
^Vkbe* if=kdk dk ;g ukjk ^Understanding Comes With Time*
bl rjg dk ,d lqanj mnkgj.k gSA
• ukjs dks rqdcanh osQ :i esa çLrqr djus dh dksf'k'k djsaA
ukjksa osQ çdkj
eq[;r% ukjs nks rjg osQ gksrs gSaµ
1- O;kikj laca/h ukjs (Business slogans)
2- foKkiu laca/h ukjs (Advertising slogans)
1- O;kikj laca/h ukjs (Business Slogans)
O;kikfjd txr osQ ukjs laiw.kZ O;kikj ls lacaf/r vfHky{k.kksa dks çdkf'kr djrs
gSaA lkFk gh ;s lwpuk ç/ku ,oa vukSipkfjd gksrs gSa_ tSlsµ
• osQú,iQúlhú (KFC) : ^m¡xyh pkVuk vPNk gS*
(Finger Lickin good)
• vkfnnkl (Adidas): ^vlaHko oqQN ugha gS* (Impossible is nothing)
• dkYlZlcxZ (Carlsberg) : ^laHkor% lalkj dh loksZRRke ch;j*
(Probably the best beer in the world)

54  O;kdj.k ifjp;&9 (dkslZ ^ch*)

2- foKkiu laca/h ukjs (Advertising Slogans)
foKkiu ls lacaf/r ukjs laiw.kZ O;kikj dh vis{kk fdlh fof'k"V mRikn osQ
vfHky{k.kksa dk çpkj djkrs gSaA budk mn~ns'; gksrk gSµmRikn osQ mi;ksx laca/h
vuqHkoksa vkSj miHkksDrk dks mlls feyus okys ykHkksa esa laioZQ LFkkfir djukA
mnkgj.k osQ fy, fuEufyf[kr ukjs bl ckr dks Li"V dj jgs gSa fd ;fn dksbZ
bu mRiknksa dks [kjhnrk gS rks mldk vuqHko oSQlk gksxk_ tSlsµ
• dksdk&dksyk (Coca & Cola)µ ¶[kqf'k;k¡ fc[ksjs¸ (Open happiness)
• iwzQVh (Frooti) % ¶izsQ'k vkSj twlh¸ (Fesh & Juicy)
xq.kksa vkSj vfHky{k.kksa osQ vk/kj ij ukjksa dk oxhZdj.k %
ukjksa dks muosQ xq.kksa vkSj vfHky{k.kksa osQ vk/kj ij fuEufyf[kr çdkjksa esa
oxhZo`Qr fd;k tkrk gS %
1- o.kZukRed ukjs (Descriptive Slogans)% ;s ukjs oaQiuh osQ dk;ks± dk
fp=k çLrqr djrs gSaA bl rjg osQ ukjs çfrn~oan~fo;ksa ls vius dk;ks± ;k
mRiknksa dks fHkUu :i esa çLrqr djus esa enn djrs gSa_ tSlsµ
• vewy nw/ dk ukjk % ¶vkxs&vkxs c<+rk gS Hkkjr] vewy nw/ ihrk
gS Hkkjr¸
• iratyh dk ukjk % ¶Lons'kh viukvksA¸
2. vkns'kkRed ukjs (Commanding Slogans) % ;s ukjs cgqr gh NksVs vkSj
çHkko'kkyh gksrs gSa vkSj miHkksDrkvksa dks mRikn [kjhnus osQ fy, çsfjr djrs
gSa_ tSlsµ
• ukbds dk ukjk% ¶dksbZ vafre js[kk ugha gS¸
(There is No Finish Line)
• iwzQVh ukjk% ¶izsQ'k vkSj twlh¸
3- fo'oklksRiknd ukjs (Persuading slogans) : ;s ukjs miHkksDrkvksa dks
mRikn [kjhnus osQ fy, ckè; djus okys gksrs gSaA ;s crkrs gSa fd O;fDr
mUgha ds mRiknksa dks gh D;ksa [kjhns_ tSlsµ
• fdV&dSV pkWdysV% ¶czsd ysa] fdV&oSQV ysa¸
(Have a Break, Have a Kit-kat)
• iratyh 'kgn % ¶iratfy 'kqn~/ guh] lso djks gsYFk euh¸

iwjd&iqfLrdk 55
 4- l`tukRed ukjs (Creative Slogans) % bl rjg osQ foKkiuksa esa
lkfgfR;drk dk iqV gksrk gSA vr% budks cukuk FkksM+k dfBu gksrk gS
D;ksafd ;s ukjk&ys[kd esa vlhe dYiuk&'kfDr dh vis{kk j[krs gSa vkSj
blhfy, dHkh&dHkh ikBd osQ fy, bUgsa le>uk FkksM+k dfBu gks tkrk
gS_ tSlsµ
• Maybelline: ”May be she’s born with it, maybe its Maybelline"
• LoPN Hkkjr fe'ku% ¶tgk¡ lksp] ogk¡ 'kkSpky;¸
5- laosxkRed ukjs (Emotive Slogans) : ;s ukjs yksxksa osQ eu esa Hkko txkus
esa l{ke gksrs gSaA vr% ;s mRikn laca/h lwpukvksa ls ijs gksrs gSaA vaxsz”kh
esa bl rjg osQ ukjksa ossQ vusd mnkgj.k fey tkrs gSaA nsf[k,] fuEufyf[kr
mnkgj.kµ
• fMtuhySaM % ¶tgk¡ lius lkdkj gksrs gSa¸
(Where Dreams Come True)
• ,iy % ¶oq QN vyx gVdj lksfp,¸ (Think Different)
• dksdk&dksyk % ¶[kqf'k;k¡ fc[ksjs¸ (Open happiness)
ukjksa osQ mnkgj.k
1- ns'k dh Lora=krk ls tqM+s oqQN ukjs
1- ¶Lojkt esjk tUefln~/ vf/dkj gS] vkSj eSa bls ysdj gh jgw¡xk¸
(cky xaxk/kj fryd)
2- ¶rqe eq>s [kwu nks] eS rqEgsa vk”kknh nw¡xkA¸ (lqHkk"k paæ cksl)
3- ¶lj-iQjks'kh dh reUuk vc gekjs fny esa gSA¸ (jkeçlkn fcfLey)
ns[kuk gS ”kksj fdruk cktq&,&dkfry esa gSA¸
4- ¶nq'eu dh xksfy;ksa dk ge lkeuk djsaxs] vk”kkn gh jgs gSa] vk”kkn gh
jgsaxs¸- (paæ'ks[kj vk”kkn)
5- ¶lkjs tgk¡ ls vPNk fganksLrk¡ gekjkA¸  (bdcky)
6- ¶vki eq>s csfM+;ksa ls tdM+ ldrs gSa] ;kruk Hkh ns ldrs gSa] ;gk¡ rd
fd vki bl 'kjhj dks [kRe Hkh dj ldrs gSa] ysfdu vki dnkfi esjs
fopkjksa dks oSQn ugha dj ldrsA¸ (egkRek xka/h)
56  O;kdj.k ifjp;&9 (dkslZ ^ch*)
2- fganh fnol ij dqN ukjs
1- ns'k dh Å¡ph 'kku djsa] ge ¯gnh esa dke djsaA
2- viuk ns'k egku gS] ¯gnh ls fganqLrku gSA
3- tu&tu dks tks feykrh gS] og Hkk"kk ¯gnh dgykrh gSA
4- ¯gnh gekjh rkdr gS] ¯gnh ,d fojklr gSA
5- dksbZ iwNs vkss oSQlh gS] ¯gnh esjh ek¡ tSlh gSA
3- f'k{kk ij ukjs
1- ukjh gks ;k uj] lc cusa lk{kjA
2- tks vui<+ jg tkrk gS] og ,d fnu iNrkrk gSA
3- T;ksr ls T;ksr txkrs pyks] Kku dh xaxk cgkrs pyksA
4- lc dh pkg jksVh] diM+k vkSj edku]
ysfdu f'k{kk ls gh cusxk ns'k egkuA
5- f'k{kk ,d vueksy jru] i<+us dk lc djks truA
6- csVh cpkvks] csVh i<+kvksA
4- LoPNrk vfHk;ku ij ukjs
1- xka/h th ds liuksa dk Hkkjr cuk,¡xs] pkjksa rj-iQ LoPNrk iSQyk,¡xsA
2- ckiw dk ?kj&?kj igq¡ps lans'k] LoPN vkSj lqanj gks viuk ns'kA
3- u;k losjk yk,¡xs] Hkkjr dks LoPN cuk,¡xsA
4- lcus feydj Bkuk gS] Hkkjr dks LoPN cukuk gSA
5- ?kj&lekt dks j[kks lkiQ] Hkfo"; ugha djsxk ojuk ekiQA
6- LoPN Hkkjr&,d dne LoPNrk dh vksjA
5- ty&laj{k.k ij ukjs
1- ikuh gS thou dh vkl] ikuh dks cpkus dk djks ç;klA
2- fcuk ikuh thou cngkyh] ikuh ls gS gfj;kyhA
3- cw¡n&cw¡n ugha cjrsaxs] rks cw¡n&cw¡n dks rjlsaxsA
4- gkFk&ls&gkFk feykuk gS] ikuh dks cpkuk gSA
5- ty gS thou dk vueksy jru] bls cpkus dk djks truA
6- Hkz"Vkpkj ij ukjs
1- ns'k dh fodkl nj dks c<+kuk gS] rks Hkz"Vkpkj dks gesa feVkuk gSA
iwjd&iqfLrdk 57
 2- Hkkjr dks fo'o&xq# cukuk gS] Hkz"Vkpkj dks [kqn ls nwj Hkxkuk gSA
3- tu&tu dh cl ;gh iqdkj] can djks vc Hkz"VkpkjA
4- Hkz"Vkpkj dks vxj Hkxkuk gS] gj ukxfjd dks vkxs vkuk gSA
5- tgk¡&tgk¡ Hkz"Vkpkj gksxk] yksdra=k ij dM+k çgkj gksxkA
7- LokLF; laca/h ukjs
1- fiQV gS rks fgV gSA
2- gsYFk dk j[kks ges'kk è;ku] rHkh cuksxs rqe egkuA
3- LokLF; gh thou gSA
4- igys j[kks 'kjhj dk è;ku] mlds ckn djuk lkjs dkeA
5- [kqn dks e”kcwr cukvks] ;ksx vkSj O;k;ke viukvksA
6- LoLFk jguk gS esjh deZiwtk] blls c<+dj gS dke u nwtkA
8- dksjksuk ls lacaf/r ukjs
1- xks dksjksuk] uks dksjksukA
2- ladYi osQ ukjs dks nksgjkuk gS] dksjksuk dks ns'k ls Hkxkuk gSA
3- tku gS rks tgku gSA
4- tku Hkh] tgku HkhA
5- ikik ?kj esa jgks] ckgj dksjksuk gSA
lc fey lkFk jgsaxs] fdlh dks ugha [kksuk gSA
9- Xykscy okfe±x ij ukjs
1- i;kZoj.k dks LoPN cuk,¡] Xykscy okfe±x dks nwj Hkxk,¡A
2- o`{k yxkus dk djks fu'p;] Xykscy okfe±x dk var gS r;A
3- Xykscy okfe±x ij dM+k çgkj] o`{k yxk,¡ ,d g”kkjA
4- gjh&Hkjh i`Foh dks uoZQ u cuk,¡] pyks Xykscy okfe±x ls bls cpk,¡A
5- Xykscy okfe±x osQ [krjs gSa Hkjiwj]
i;kZoj.k dh j{kk ls dj ldrs gSa nwjA
10- [ksyksa ls lacaf/r ukjs
1- [ksy le>krs gSa ekuo 'kfDr vkSj cqn~f/ dk vFkZ]
rHkh rks çfrHkkxh y{;ksa dks ikus esa gksrs gSa leFkZA
2- [ksyus&owQnus dk yks ladYi] LoLF; jgus dk gS ;gh fodYiA
58  O;kdj.k ifjp;&9 (dkslZ ^ch*)
 3- [ksy&owQn gS LokLF; dk ewy]
buesa Hkkx ysdj cukvks thou vuqowQyA
4- rjg&rjg osQ [ksyksa dk yksxksa osQ chp djks çpkj]
D;ksafd ;s 'kjhj osQ Hkhrj djrs gSa 'kfDr dk lapkjA
5- [ksy&owQn n~okjk gksrk gS LokLF; dk fuekZ.k]
t:jh gS [ksy D;ksafd LokLF; gS thou dk çk.kA
11- iqLrdksa ls lacaf/r ukjs
1- lw>s uk tc dksbZ funku] iqLrd ls feys lek/kuA
2- iqLrd esa gksrh ubZ [kkst] iqLrd ls feyrh ubZ lkspA
3- tc uk gks dksbZ laxh&lkFkh] iqLrd gh rc eu cgykrhA
4- fdrkcksa esa bruk [ktkuk Nqik gS] ftruk dksbZ yqVsjk dHkh ywV ugha
ldrkA
5- yksx pys tkrs gSa] ys[kd NksM+ tkrs gSa ysfdu iqLrosaQ vej gSaA
12- eksckby -iQksu ls lacaf/r ukjs
1- eksckby i- Qksu pykrs tkvks thou esa vkxs c<+rs tkvksA
2- ubZ&ubZ VsDuksykWth dk ge mi;ksx djsa]
eksckby dk ge lnqi;ksx djsaA
3- lhfer le; rd gh bldk mi;ksx djsa]
ge uk bldk nq#i;ksx djsaA
4- eksckby -iQksu tc ls vk;k gS] ?kj esa [kq'kgkyh yk;k gSA
5- foKku dh VsDuksykWth gS] eksckby lcosQ fy, t:jh gSA
13- ernku ls lacaf/r ukjs
1- oksV Mkyus tkuk gS] viuk -iQtZ fuHkkuk gSA
2- oksV gekjk gS vueksy] dHkh uk ysaxs bldk eksy
3- yksdra=k dk gS ;gh vk/kj]
ernkrk djs vius er dk lgh vf/dkjA
4- djs jk"Vª dk tks mRFkku] djsa mlh dks ge ernkuA
5- oksVj fyLV esa uke fy[kok,¡] oksVj dkMZ lHkh cuok,¡A
6- ns'k osQ fodkl esa nsa viuk ;ksxnku] gj gky esa djsa viuk ernkuA
iwjd&iqfLrdk 59
14- iratfy osQ mRiknksa ls lacaf/r oqQN ukjs
1- gj ?kw¡V esa gS 'kqn~/rk o 'kfDr dk ,glkl]
iratfy osQ iwzQV twl dh 'kqn~/rk gS [kklA
2- LoLFk lqanj nk¡r pednkj] iratfy nardkafr gS nk¡rksa osQ fy,
peRdkjA
3- yacs dkys ?kus ckyksa dk jkt] iratfy vk¡oyk osQ'k rsy dk dekyA
4- tksM+ksa vkSj dej nnZ ls tc gksa vki ijs'kkuA
iratfy fnO; ihM+kard rsy o Øhe gS LFkk;h lek/kuA
5- psgjs dh >qfjZ;ksa&>kb;ksa ls u gksa ijs'kkuA
iratfy ,aVh&fjady Øhe gS bldk çko`Qfrd lek/kuA
15- çfln~/ Hkkjrh; oaQifu;ksa osQ ukjs
1- vewy & vewy&Hkkjr dk Lokn
2- isIlh & ;gh gS jkbV pkW;l csch
3- FkEl vi & VsLV nh FkaaMj
4- ,f'k;u isaV~l & gj ?kj dqN dgrk gS
5- dksdk&dksyk & BaMk eryc dksdk&dksyk
6- ctkt & gekjk ctkt
7- Ms;jh feYd & Lokn ¯”knxh dk
8- ykb-iQckW; & ykb-iQckW; gS tgk¡] ranq#Lrh gS ogk¡
9- -isQohdksy & -isQohdksy dk etcwr tksM+ gS VwVsxk ugha
10- ghjks gksaMk & ns'k dh /M+du
11- VkVk LdkbZ & bldks yxk Mkyk rks ykb-iQ rks ¯>xkykyk
12- DyksjksfeaV & nksckjk er iwNuk
13- ,y-vkbZ-lh- & ¯”knxh osQ lkFk Hkh] ¯”knxh osQ ckn Hkh
14- fox ck”kkj & blls lLrk vkSj vPNk dgha ugha
15- esaVksl & fnekx dh cRRkh tyk ns
16- jsM ,-iQ,e & ctkrs jgks
17- vkbZlhvkbZlhvkbZ & ge gSa u
18- LçkbV & cq>k, I;kl] ckdh vkWy cdokl
60  O;kdj.k ifjp;&9 (dkslZ ^ch*)
16- çfln~/ fons'kh oaQifu;ksa osQ ukjs
;s lHkh ukjs ewyr% vaxzs”kh esa gSaA ;gk¡ ge muosQ vuqoknksa osQ lkFk ns
jgs gSaµ
1- fMtuh oYMZ & i`Foh dk lokZf/d lkSHkkX;'kkyh LFkku
(The Happiest Place On Erath)
2- yst (Lays) & csRpk fl-iZQ ,d ugha [kk ldrk
(Betcha Can’t eat just one)
3- vksYM Likbl & vius ij fo'okl j[kks
(Believe in yourself)
4- isIlh & ubZ ih<+h dk Lokn
(The Taste of a New Generation)
5- ektnk & lM+d osQ fy, ,d tquwu
(A Passion for the Road)
6- fiQ'kj çkbl Vks;”k & [ksyksA g¡lksA tkvksA (Play- Laugh- Go)
7- ftysV (Gillette) & lcls vPNk] ftls ,d euq"; ik ldrk gS
(The Best a Man can Get)
8- tsxqvkj (Jaguar) & bldk LoIu u ns[ksa] bls Mªkbo djsa
(Don’t dream it, drive it)
9- yksfj;y (L’Oreal) & D;ksafd vki blosQ yk;d gSa
(Because you’re worth it)
10- ukf;osQ (Nike) & fliZQ bls djks
(Just do it)

vH;kl&dk;Z
1- ^ukjs* ls D;k rkRi;Z gS\ ukjs D;k dke djkrs gSa\
2- vkd"kZd ukjs fy[kus osQ fy, dkSu&dkSu lh ckrsa è;ku j[kuh
pkfg,\
3- vPNs ukjksa osQ çeq[k xq.kksa dh ppkZ dhft,A
4- ukjs fdrus çdkj ds gksrs gSa\ mnkgj.k nsdj le>kb,A
iwjd&iqfLrdk 61
 5- fuEufyf[kr fo"k;ksa ij ukjs rS;kj dhft,µ
1- ^ped* okf'kax ikmMj 2- ^vrqy* pkWdysV
3- uhjt ns'kh ?kh 4- fgeky; feujy okVj
5- ^lksue* VwFkisLV 6- bafM;u isaV~l
7- uwjkuh osQ'k rsy 8- eSjh nw/
9- yky th elkys 10- Mk;eaM lkbfdy
6- d- [k- x- oaQiuh fufeZr feujy okVj dh fo'ks"krkvksa dks mtkxj
djus okyk ,d ukjk yxHkx 20&25 'kCnksa esa fyf[k,A
7- ^f'k{kk ij lHkh dk vf/dkj gS* fo"k; dks è;ku esa j[kdj ,d ukjk
rS;kj dhft,A
8- ¯gnh dh iqLrdksa dh çn'kZuh esa vk/s ewY; ij fcd jgh egRoiw.kZ
iqLrdksa dks [kjhndj ykHk mBkus osQ fy, ,d ukjk fyf[k,A
9- iqQVckWy Dyc viuk iqjkuk iQuhZpj lLrs nkeksa esa cspuk pkgrk gSA
mDr leku dh fcØh osQ fy, ,d ukjk rS;kj dhft,A
10- yksxksa dks ty&laj{k.k djus ij è;ku nsuk pkfg, vkSj ty dh
cjcknh ugha djuh pkfg,A mDr Hkko dks O;Dr djus okyk ,d
ukjk rS;kj dhft,A
11- ^pØ* uked lkbfdy oaQiuh pkgrh gS fd mldh lkbfdyksa dh
fcØh c<+sA blosQ fy, ,d ukjk rS;kj dhft,A
12- lwrh oL=k rS;kj djus okyh oaQiuh ^d&[k&x* dh vksj ls vkd"kZd
ukjk rS;kj dhft,A
• iqLrd esa fn, x, ukjksa ls gVdj bu fo"k;ksa ij ukjs rS;kj djsaµ
13- f'k{kk gj O;fDr osQ fy, vko';d gS] bl ckr osQ çpkj osQ fy,
,d ukjk rS;kj dhft,A
14- thou esa LoPNrk dh mi;ksfxrk ij cy nsus okyk ukjk rS;kj
dhft,A
15- thou esa [ksyksa dk cgqr egRo gSA [ksyksa dh mi;ksfxrk lkfcr
djus okyk ,d ukjk rS;kj dhft,A
62  O;kdj.k ifjp;&9 (dkslZ ^ch*)
 16- Xykscy okfe±x osQ [krjksa lss lko/ku djus osQ fy, ,d ukjk rS;kj
dhft,A
17- fn;s x, ukjksa osQ czkaM~l osQ uke fyf[k, &
1- ^;gh gS jkbV pkW;l csch* %  -------------------------------
2- ^gj ?kj oqQN dgrk gS* %  -------------------------------
3- ^ns'k dh /M+du* %  -------------------------------
4- ^bldks yxk Mkyk rks ykbiQ rks ¯>xkykyk* % ------------------------------
5- ^f”kanxh osQ lkFk Hkh] ftanxh osQ ckn Hkh* %  -------------------------------
6- i`Foh dk lokZf/d lkSHkkX;'kkyh LFkku %  -------------------------------
7- ubZ ih<+h dk Lokn %  -------------------------------
8- D;ksafd vki blosQ yk;d gSa %  -------------------------------
9- bldk LoIu u ns[ksa] bls Mªkbo djsa %  -------------------------------
10- [ksyksA g¡lksA tkvksA %  -------------------------------

qqq

iwjd&iqfLrdk 63
 Note

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64  O;kdj.k ifjp;&9 (dkslZ ^ch*)