Outcomes 2nd Ed Intermediate SB OCR

INTERMEDIATE HUGH DELLAR
STUDENT'S BOOK Ua eel

IN THIS UNIT YOU LEARN HOW TO:
say more about yourself and other people

ask and answer common questions
ask follow-up questions and maintain
conversations
describe how well you use different languages
pay more attention to the language in texts
« tell better stories
page 6
talk about how you feel — and why
respond to good and bad news
talk about your life now
explain why you can’t — or don't want to — do
things
page 14
VIDEO 41: Kenya comes to Central Park page 22. REVIEW 1: page 23 WRITING 1: Keeping in touch page 150
describe places and explain where they are

give and respond to suggestions
discuss future plans
talk about the weather
recognise and reuse useful chunks of language
ask and talk about holiday experiences
page 24
talk about free-time activities
describe how often you do (or did) things
explain how good you are at things
talk about injuries and sports problems
ask about tastes
page 32
& ep WORKING LIFE

VIDEO 2: World Heritage quiz page 40 REVIEW 2:page41 WRITING 2: Short emails page 152
2 ae Ses, ===
talk about jobs and what they involve
comment on people's experiences
discuss rules and freedoms at work
talk about getting used to changes
say longer chunks better
page 42
PPiVihi@ ARIN ; talk about phones and phone companies
SHYING;is ANT
A? Fab as : compare products
; describe what people are wearing
CLIT TAH. ;
~~ — % " we
» y ‘ i. oh
discuss shopping habits
= 3 4 id awe
fen o> { “ae
z
describe souvenirs and presents
: negotiate a good price
page 50
« describe courses, schools, teachers and students

show you believe or sympathise with what people
tell you
talk about different education systems
talk about possible future plans or situations
discuss different aspects of education
- form and say different words from the same root
page 60
describe different dishes and ways of cooking food
COPE
explain what is on a menu

discuss experiences of foreign food
make generalisations
describe restaurants
page 68
Ny
VIDEO 4: The business of cranberries page 76 REVIEW 4:page 77 WRITING 4: Making requests page 156
2
GRAMMAR VOCABULARY READING LISTENING DEVELOPING CONVERSATIONS
» Auxiliary verbs « Talking about people « The Google + Meeting for the first + Asking follow-up questions
» Narrative tenses - Talking about translators in human time
languages form + Stories connected to
speaking a foreign
language
+ Linking verbs + Feelings « ftonly takes Juan + Talking about - Response expressions
+ Present simple and » Understanding Mann to change the feelings
present continuous vocabulary: -ed / -ing world! + Juan Mann
adjectives Bumping into an old
school friend
Future plans Places of interest Things to see and do Visiting Krakow + Giving and responding to
Present perfect Weather in Krakow Holiday plans suggestions
simple Understanding ls disaster tourism
vocabulary: Useful such a total disaster?
chunks in texts
Habit and frequency Free-time activities The playlist of your Free-time activities - Are you any good?
Present perfect Injuries and problems life Hidden talent « Talking about tastes
continuous and past Describing music
simple for duration
Must and can’t for Jobs + Terrible jobs not a Talking about work * Doing what?
commenting Describing jobs thing
of the past Rules at work
Talking about rules Work rules anc laws
Understanding
vocabulary: Be used
to and get used to
Comparisons Smartphones + Shop till you drop! In a phone shop + Avoiding repetition
Noun phrases Clothes and Talking about gifts » Negotiating prices
accessories
Describing souvenirs
and presents
Future time clauses Describing courses « What works in Talking about a + | can imagine, | bet, etc.
Zero and first Education education course
conditionals Understanding Talking about
vocabulary: Forming education
words
Generalisations and Describing food + Food for thought Ina Peruvian + Describing dishes
tend to Restaurants restaurant
Second conditionals Talking about
restaurants
Contents 3
+ describe flats, houses and areas

+ explain how big places are
« discuss social and economic changes
* compare the past and now
* ask about house rules
page 78
* talk about exhibitions, films and the theatre

+ explain exactly where places are
« discuss nights out
+ use idioms connected to different parts of the body
« describe different kinds of events
+ talk about plans that failed to happen and explain
page 86 mt
tell and participate in telling stories

describe animals
| » show emotions through intonation
“WW () [| f} + talk about challenges and achievements
* discuss natural resources and the economy
page 96
» describe character
* talk about your friends and family
» explain how people you know are similar
+ talk about memories
* express regrets
+ talk about relationships
page 104
VIDEO 6: Greatest journey page 112 REVIEW 6:page 113 WRITING 6: Reports page 160
+ talk about journeys

+ explain travel problems
+ discuss immigration
+ reflect on past events
* use extreme adjectives to make descriptions more
interesting
+ talk about problems and whose fault they are
page 114
+ talk about computers

+ explain and sort out problems
+ describe games
+ discuss issues around computer gaming
* talk about apps and gadgets
page 122
VIDEO 7: Air pollution gee page 130 REVIEW7:page 131 WRITING 7: Opinion-led essays page 162
+ talk about injuries and illness with a doctor

+ discuss health myths and facts
ILLNESS
+ talk about causes and results
reetone poiean
tell stories about accidents
page 132
NEWS AND EVENTS +

talk about types and sources of news
comment on the news
use reporting verbs to report news
+ describe famous people and events
« discuss issues around fame
page 140
VIDEO 8: Bee therapy page 148 REVIEW 8:page 149 WRITING 8: Reviews page 164
4
be) STAN Sd VOCABULARY READING LISTENING DEVELOPING CONVERSATIONS
+ Present perfect Describing homes + Waiting for the . A new apartment + Explaining how big a place is
simple and present Social issues bubble to burst Room to rentin Berlin + Asking about rules
perfect continuous Describing areas + Smallads
Comparing now and
the past
+ Quantifiers Exhibitions, films and + Big night out Going to the cinema + Explaining where places are
The future in the past theatre What did you do last
Idioms night?
Understanding
vocabulary:
Describing events
Past ability / Movements and « The strange story of Animal stories + Helping people to tell stories
obligation sounds Maurice Wilson Maurice Wilson
Passives Challenges and + Natural resources The resource curse
achievements fact file
Used to, would and Describing character + Struggling to fit into Talking about family * That's like...
past simpie Relationships the role of granny Talking about Nicolas
Expressing regret
using wish
Third conditionals Ways of travelling « The long journey toa Talking about + How come?
Should have and travel problems new life journeys + Blaming people
Phrasal verbs Holiday problems
Understanding
vocabulary: Extreme
adjectives
Articles Computers + My life-as a gamer IT hetp desk + Sorting out problems

Infinitive and -ing Describing games The gaming industry
forms Apps and gadgets Totally great or totally
rubbish?
Adverbs Injuries and illness + Fact or myth? At the hospital + Short questions with any
Reported speech Understanding Accident on holiday
vocabulary: Word
endings and word
class
Accidents and health
problems
Reporting verbs News + Seeking fame and Talking about news + Introducing and commenting
Defining relative Explaining who fortune stories on news
clauses people are Talking about famous

people
Grammar reference pages 166-186 Information files pages 187-193 Audio scripts pages 194-213
Contents 5
* say more about yourself and other people
* ask and answer common questions
« ask follow-up questions and maintain conversations
+ describe how well you use different languages
* pay more attention to the language in texts
« tell better stories
SPEAKING
1 Work in pairs. Discuss the questions.
+ Look at the photo of a language class. What do
you think is happening?
+ Where do you think it was taken?
» What do you think they’re learning?
+ Would you like to have a class like this? Why? /
Why not?
2 Work with a new partner. Discuss the

questions.
- Why are you learning English?
- What English classes have you done before?
» Do you know anyone in this class?
« Are you still friends with people from previous
classes? Tell your partner as much as you can
about each person.
NICE TO MEET YOU
VOCABULARY Talking about people
1 [MEI Listen to two conversations in which people 4 Check you understand the words in bold in
meet for the first time. Answer the questions for the sentences below. Then decide which two
each conversation. words / phrases in the box could replace each
1 Where do they meet? word / phrase in bold so you are talking about
2 Why are they there?
the same subject. The first one is done for you.
2 [EMER Work in pairs. Try to answer the questions Portugese Japan an only child sport
below. Then listen again and check your acivilservant married reading a translator
answers. Economics Medicine Arabic a twin
Germany an office separated a warehouse
Conversation 1
1 How is Alfie feeling? Why? 1 My friend Marcin is from Poland. Japan, Germany
2 Is Holly a new student? 2 My husband's a software engineer.
3 When did Alfie start studying French? 3 My brother works in a university.
4 What does he think his strengths and weaknesses 4 My mum speaks good French and a bit of Russian.
are? 5 My sister's doing a degree in Law at the moment.
5 According to Holly, where is French an official 6 My parents are really into travelling.
language?
7 My friend Imke is the youngest of six kids.
Conversation 2
8 My aunt Maria is single.
6 How did Noah feel about the talk he attended?
7 Where is Noah from — and where is he living now?
Think of one more word or phrase that could
replace each word / phrase in bold.
8 When did Noah move to his current home?
9 Has Giuliana visited the city Noah is living in?
Work in groups. Use language from Exercises 4
and 5 to say five true things about people you
10 What does Noah do for a living? know.
3 With your partner, take turns to tell each other
as much as you can about the last new person
you met.
GRAMMAR DEVELOPING CONVERSATIONS
aE SAE
Auxiliary verbs Asking follow-up questions
When we make questions and negatives, we use different After someone answers
a question we have asked, we
auxiliary verbs. There are only three: be, do and have. often ask a second related question. This helps us to find
| don’t know. (present simple) out more details and to keep the conversation going.
How’s it going? (present continuous) A: So have you studied here before?
Have you been there? (present perfect simple) B: Yeah, last term.
A: Oh really? OK. And did you enjoy it?
Look at these questions from the conversations. B: Yeah, it was amazing.
Then work in pairs and answer the questions
below. 12 Match the questions (1-6) with the pairs of
a Do you know it? possible follow-up questions (a-f).
Did you enjoy it? What are you studying?
=
sees
Have you studied here before? Have you studied here before?
WN
What do you do when you’re not studying?
Where are you based?
CRD
Do you have any brothers or sisters?

What are you doing there? Are you working?
ooh
=O CD
What did you do at the weekend?

How long have you been learning French?
What do you do?
1 Which auxiliary goes with the infinitive (without to)?
Whose class were you in? / Where did you learn your
o
2 Which two auxiliaries go with the past participle English?

(often an -ed form) of the verb? What year are you in? / What does that involve?
Ok +S
DO: (Ga
3 Which auxiliary goes with the -ing form of the verb? Older or younger? / What do they do?
(¢ Check your ideas on page 166 and do Exercise 1. Where do you work? / Do you enjoy it?
How often do you do that? / Did you get anything
nice?
How long have you been doing that? / What kind of
4
PRONUNCIATION music are you into?

Listen to the questions from Exercise 7 — 13 Write one more follow-up question you might
first said slowly and then faster. Notice that in ask after someone answers questions 1-6 in
faster speech, the auxiliary verbs are hardly Exercise 12.
heard at all.
i4 E23 Listen to six short conversations. What
Listen again to the faster version. Practise follow-up questions do you hear?
saying the questions as quickly as you can.
10
CONVERSATION PRACTICE
Complete the questions with the correct
auxiliary verbs. 15 Choose six questions from this lesson that you
1 Where you live?
think are good to ask people when you first meet
them. Then think of two other questions you
2 Who you live with? could also ask.
How long have you living there?
Ww
16 Choose one of these tasks.

Where you born?
a
a Work with the whole class and have conversations to

How long it usually take you to get to get to Know other students.
oO
work / school?
b Imagine you are at a party for language students.
6 What you do last weekend? Anything Look at File 1 on page 187. Choose a person to
interesting? pretend to be. Then have conversations to get to
7 Why you studying at this school? know other people. Ask and answer questions in the
role of the person you chose.
8 _____syou ever been to an English-speaking
country? 1 To watch the video and do the activities, see the DVD ROM,
9 ___s anyone else in your family speak English?
10 anyone you know ever lived abroad?
Where?
il Work in pairs. Ask and answer the questions in

Exercise 10.
For further practice, see Exercise 2 on page 166.
Uniti First class 9

TALKING MY LANGUAGE
VOCABULARY Talking about languages
1 Work in pairs. How many of the languages in the
picture do you recognise?
Complete the sentences about using foreign
languages with these words and phrases.
accent express fluently picked it up

accurate get by mastering struggled
1 I'm not very , but | can hold a conversation

and make myself understood.
2 | know the basics — enough to when I’m
travelling there.
3 | really with French when | was at school,
so | just gave up.
4 | get frustrated when | can’t myself.
5 | never went to class. | just from talking to
people.
7 Work in pairs. Read the comments that follow
the article and discuss these questions.
6 I’m a bit embarrassed to speak sometimes because
| know | have a strong * Which comments do you agree with and which do
you disagree with? Why?
7 | grew up bilingual so | speak Spanish and Japanese
+ What did you find most interesting about the article?
8 I'm not interested in the language, | just - Did you read anything about the habits of hyperglots
want to be able to read it for my job. that could help you study better?
3 Work in groups. Use some of the language from

Exercise 2 to discuss these questions. Understanding reading texts and improving your vocabulary
» What languages have you studied? involves more than just learning single words. You also need
to notice the connected words and grammar.
+ What languages do you know at least a few words
in? What can you say?
8 Find these words in the article and notice the
+ How did you learn? Do you use these languages
now? How well do you know each one?
connected words and grammar.
far evidence growing

READING allow terms opportunities
4 You are going to read an article about ‘hyperglots’

Work in groups. Cover the article and complete
— people who speak many languages. Work in
the sentences. Then check your ideas.
pairs. Look at the photos and the title opposite
then discuss how these words and numbers might 1 But far ?
be connected to the topic. 2 There evidence he could use
many languages.
72 a parrot translator 10,000
3 There will growing in the
two weeks globalisation genes mistakes
future,
4 Top may genes
Read the article and check your ideas from
allow get the their training.
Exercise 4.
5 They often limited terms
According to the article, are the sentences individual languages.
true (T) or false (F)? 6 They opportunities language
1 Mezzofanti spoke 72 languages fluently. closer to home.
2 Some people who heard Mezzofanti speak probably 10 Work in pairs. Discuss the questions.
couldn’t know if he was fluent.
+ Think of two examples where there are growing
3 There is no proof that Mezzofanti really was numbers of something. Why are they growing?
multilingual.
+ How is your English in terms of vocabulary, speaking,
4 Globalisation will create more hyperglots. listening etc.? What can you do to improve these
5 Hyperglots often posess genetic advantages. different aspects?
6 Hyperglots aim to speak all their languages fluently. + What opportunities do you have to practise English?
10
THE GOOGLE TRANSLATORS IN HUMAN FORM
Michael Erard’s new book investigates the master
linguists or ‘hyperglots
The 18th century Italian priest Cardinal Giuseppe Mezzofanti is a legend
among linguists. They say he studied 72 languages, 30 of which he mastered,
He spoke another nine fiuently, though not perfectly, and could hold a basic
conversation in at least eleven more. And all that without leaving Italy! One
story suggests he picked up Ukrainian in just fwo weeks, after meeting a visitor
from there.
But how far is this true? Certainly, the figure of 72 is foo high and some people
perhaps exaggerated how fiuent he was. He lived at a time when travel was
difficult and learning other languages was still unusual, Therefore, many
reports of his abilities come from visitors who were probably struggling to
express themselves in Italian. There were also those who, while appreciating
his good accent and accurate grammar, described him as merely a parrot
who said nothing of interest. However, according to Michael Erard, author of
the book Mezzofanti’s Gift, there is sufficient evidence fo believe he could use
many languages.
Erard also argues that there are many hypergiots in the world today and that,
with globalisation, there will be a growing number in the future. For example,
Alexander Arguelles is fluent in around twenty languages and has studied 60.
He studies nine hours a day, down from fourteen before he got married! The Cardinal Giuseppe Mezzofanti
Hungarian translator Kato Lomb worked with sixteen, and you can watch a
YouTube video of Alex Rawling speaking eleven languages at the age of twenty.
A central question of the book is whether hyperglots are born or made,

Are their achievements genetic or do hyperglots have secrets that normal
language learners can learn from? Erard’s conclusions agree with research on
highly talented people in other areas such as sport and music. These people
generally have advantages they are born with: top athletes may have genes
that allow them to get the most from their training; hyperglots seem to possess
excellent memories and have brains that are more efficient in processing
speech sounds. However, becoming the best also requires a lot of hard work,
Some argue that the difference between a top performer and someone who's
just ‘very good’ is that the top performer has practised for 10,000 hours instead
of 6,000. }
fee .
The fact is that most ordinary language learners lack these natural Bertacstts j
advantages and simply don’t have that much time. So is there any hope for ab - I
us? Erard believes there is and that research on hyperglots can offer some mS EXTRAORDINARY wil
useful lessons. For example, they often have limited ambitions in terms of siepaeetecienaneae
individual languages: they're happy to get by, or to be only able to read, or
not to have a perfect accent. They're practical: if they can’t travel, they look
for opportunities to use the language closer to home. Some simply imagine
conversations in their heads. They also use other techniques like learning words
in context. Finally, they're never afraid to make mistakes or appear stupid and M C lM AEL FRARD
so never give up.
@ COMMENTS
langlearner: ‘ve actually read Kato's book about language learning and | think the best advice is to read what you're
interested in and read a lot.
bobjob: | know it's wrong, but | kind of hate these people! I'm struggling to learn one extra language.
unconvinced: How does Alexander Aguelles earn a living? | think you need fo be rich fo be a hypergiot!
hughd: You have to sfart learning languages when you're young.
andyw: When people say they're bad at languages, they just mean they don’t want fo spend the time required to learn.
artist: | can say ‘do you work or study’ in fifteen languages. Does that make me a hypergiot?
r_sewell: The thing about vocabulary in context is good. | never learn single words. | always learn words in groups.
Unit1 First class 11

SPEAKING (EF Listen again and complete the sentences
i
with three words in each space. Contractions
Work in pairs. Discuss the questions. count as one word.
* Where and when do you use English outside the 1 a Two Chinese guys me and stopped me.
classroom?
b They started talking really fast, you know, and |
+ What do you do most: read, listen, speak or write?
at all!
* When was the first time you used English outside a
c | asked them to slow down, and then,
classroom? What did you talk about? How successful
of my bad Chinese and gesture, | explained ...
was it?
a He worked in the engine room and she was
+ What's been your best moment using English outside
the classroom? Why was it good?
b My mum said Dad was a really good dancer,
very difficult to believe.
LISTENING c They also said it about whose country
2 EXE Listen to three people telling stories to live in,
connected to speaking a foreign language. Match a We go all over the place unusual wild
two sentences to each speaker (1-3). There animals.
are two sentences you do not need. b We often need local people to act as
They helped someone by using a foreign language. guides or cooks for the film crew.
OF ia =a
Their parents fell in love in Rio de Janeiro. c Anyway, last year we were filming in Sumatra in
They have an unusual family background. ...
a forest
They were involved in a misunderstanding. Work in groups. Discuss the questions.

&
Their parents speak together in a foreign language. Which of the stories did you like the best? Why?
O@
They filmed an animal attacking someone. Do you know any families where they speak more
=
They changed their behaviour as a result of the than one language? Why?
gC
experience. Have you ever been on a cruise? When? Where?

h They work with people from other countries. Have you ever helped anyone in the street? Where?
What did you do?
Do you know any ‘false friends’ — words that look
or sound the same, but have a different meaning in
different languages?
12
| GRAMMAR Narrative tenses co
5 Look at these sentences from the stories. Then PRONUNCIATION e
| complete the rules below. 8 [MEI Some of the details of the story in
a They first looked really surprised and then they Exercise 7 are missing. Listen and write down
started talking really fast, you know. the eight phrases and sentences you hear.
b It was actually the first time I'd spoken to anyone You will hear each twice: first fast and then
Chinese outside of my class. slower.
c They first met when they were both working on a 9 Listen again to the faster version. Notice
eae: the weak forms of the auxiliaries: was /woz/,
d Neither spoke each other's language, but my mum were /wa/, had /ad/. Practise saying the
had worked in Germany before. phrases and sentences as quickly as you can.
e Last year we were filming in the middle of a forest
... and one time at dinner| was talking to the guide 10
and | tried to ask about ‘the people of the inner
Work in pairs. Decide where each of the eight
forest’ ... phrases and sentences from Exercise 8 should go
in the story in Exercise 7.
iN
eu!
7 ; —— ~ 11 Complete the sentences with your own ideas.

|
I
;
;
We use three main tenses when telling stories: the past

simple, the past continuous and the past perfect simple. 1 When I got home, I'suddenly realised ...
» Past simple: add _____ to the infinitive (without 2'l didn't recognise her at first because...
to) of the verb. Some past forms are irregular, e.g. 3 | wasn’t looking where | was going and ...
4 This guy came up to me and...
: oo use ——__/__ + -ing form 5 | had meant to say ... , but I'd actually said ...
- Past perfect simple: use _____ + past participle. 6 |'found out later that ...
Some participles are irregular, €.g. ———__. 12 Work in pairs. Compare your ideas from Exercise
11 and decide which is the most interesting.
6 Look at the sentences in Exercise 5 again and Then write a story around the sentence.
answer the questions. :
G For further practice, see Exercise 2 on page 167.
1 Which tense is the most common in telling stories?
2 Which tense is often used at the beginning of the
story to give background information? SPEAKING
3 Which tense shows the events followed each other 13 Choose two of these ideas for stories. Spend a
in order? few minutes thinking about what happened and
4 Which tense shows the ‘past in the past’ — an action how you will tell the stories.
that happened before something else we talked
« the first time your parents met
about? y P
: : a + the first time you met your best friend / wife/
5 Which tense shows an action was unfinished or husband / boyfriend / girlfriend
stopped by another action?
* atime when you forgot or lost something important
G Check your ideas on page 166 and do Exercise 1. » a time you had a good or funny experience using a
. foreign language
7 Read this story about how another person’s 2 see
parents met. Decide if the past simple forms * atime a stranger helped you or you helped a
are correct or not. Correct the ones which stranger
are wrong. 14 Work in groups. Share your stories.
| love the story of how my parents met. My dad was

twenty. One day my dad 'taked an overnight train to
Prague in Czech Republic and during the night he “fell
asleep. When he *waked up, he realised they *was in Prague
so he rushed to get off the train. He *see a policeman looking
at someone’s papers and he suddenly realised he *hadn't
his passport or money or phone. He ‘ran back to the train.
He sat down, but then this guy “came up to him and asked
him something in Czech. He then said in English, “Whats
the matter?’ and so my dad °explained. So basically, this guy,
who was called Anton, “helped him. He took my dad home,
‘given him something to eat, “let him phone his parents to
get some money — everything. And later that evening my
dad met Anton’ parents ... and he met his sister. And that’s
how he met my mother!
Unit 1 Firstclass 13
a ‘J
. a es ; ie.
“s
, - f
ne
P Pig ,
. ad
“ E . sie
os el -
AI ne b
Eade kal _
talk about how you feel — and why
respond to good and bad news
talk about your life now
explain why you can’t — or don’t want to — do things
SPEAKING
Who do you think the people are?
How do you think each person is feeling? Why?
What happened before the picture was taken?
How does the picture make you feel?
Work with a new partner. Tell each other

about the last time you felt:
* very happy. * very tired. + quite annoyed.
What other words do you know to describe

feelings?
Unit 2 Feelings 15
+
yy
Tee
“en 72) LP
a a
VOCABULARY Feelings 4 [MEI Do you remember why they feel this way?
Listen again and check your ideas.
1 Match the words in bold in the sentences to
these basic meanings: happy, annoyed, tired, 5 Work in pairs. Discuss the questions.
bad, sad, angry, worried. What would you do or say if a friend was upset?
1 We left at six in the morning and didn’t get back till Would it be different if it was a man or a woman?
midnight. | was exhausted. » What kind of things do you do to cheer yourself up if
You must be really pleased with the results. They're you are a bit down?
great.
+ Are you good at sorting out problems?
She was absolutely furious when she saw the mess + Who do you talk to if you have a problem?
that they had made.
I'm under so much pressure at work. I’m really
stressed about everything. GRAMMAR
His dog died last night. He was very upset when |
spoke to him. He sounded as if he might cry.
I'm so sorry. | feel really guilty about leaving you
Linking verbs
with all the work to do. Be, look, seem, feel, sound, taste and smell are all linking
verbs. These verbs can be followed by different patterns.
Ask her now. She looks like she’s in a good mood.
She might say yes.
6 Look at these sentences from Exercise 1 and the
It was good to see her happy and enjoying herself
because | know she’s been a bit down.
conversations. Then work in pairs and answer
the questions below.
9 | was pleasantly surprised by the film. | really didn’t
expect it to be so good. a That chocolate cake looks nice.
10 I'm fed up with this weather. It’s so hot you can’t do b He seemed a bit down.
anything. I’ve had enough of it! c He sounded as if he might cry.
2 Work in pairs. Answer the questions. d She looks like she’s in a good mood.
1 Can you find the five prepositions connected to e€ That sounds like a nightmare.
adjectives in Exercise 1?
1 What is the pattern when an adjective comes after a
2 Why else might you feel exhausted? linking verb?
3 How do you know if someone is pleased with 2 What two patterns are possible when a clause comes
something? after a linking verb?
How do you know when someone is furious? 3 What is the pattern when a noun comes after a
Why might someone get upset? linking verb?
Om
What other things might you feel guilty / bad about? G | Check your ideas on page 167 and do Exercise 1.
What things might put you in a good mood?
7 Complete the sentences with the correct form
On
What's the opposite of being pleasantly surprised?

of the verbs. You may also need to add other
words.
LISTENING 1 Are you OK? You a bit stressed. (look)
3 [EMER Listen to two conversations. The first is 2 Are you all right? You___ youve seen a ghost.
between two people talking about their friend (look)
Karim. The second is between two women, Belinda 3 Is Julie OK? She _____ disappointed when |
and Alisha. How do these three people feel? spoke to her. (sound)
1 Karim 2 Belinda 3 Alisha 4 |s Mike all right? He ____———— a bit down. (seem)
16
5 Are you OK? You you've got a cold. 10 Complete the exchanges with these words.
(sound) |
6 Are you all right? You a bit confused. (look) Congratulations Oh no a shame
a relief Wow a pain
7 Have you seen Ana? She SO well, so
relaxed when | saw her last! (look) 1 A:| can’t drink at the moment. I’m pregnant.
8 Hi. You you're in a very good mood. (look) B: Really? ! When is the baby due?
2 A:|'m going to Canada to study English.
8 Match 1-8 from Exercise 7 with the responses
B: ! That’s great! How long are you going
(a—h), for?
a Yeah, I’ve just found out I’ve got a new job. I’m really 3 A:1|'m afraid | can’t meet you tonight.
pleased.
B: Oh, what ! Are you sure?
Yeah, | know. She’s so much better after that holiday. 4 A: My brother’s not very well.
&
Yeah, | feel terrible. | think I've maybe got flu. B: ! |'m really sorry. | hope it’s not too
ofOo
serious.
| am. I'm really behind with work and I'm exhausted.
5 A: I've lost my wallet.
Yeah, | don’t understand this. What am | supposed to
do?
B: Oh no! What ! Did it have much in it?
6 A:|'ve found my wallet!
f Yeah. Well, on my way here | was almost hit by this
guy who was driving like an idiot. B: Phew, that’s ! Where was it?
g He’s just split up with Jo and he’s quite upset about

it.
PRONUNCIATION
h Yeah. | think she expected to get a better mark as
she’d studied so much. 11 [MEW Listen and check your answers to
Exercise 10. Notice how the intonation
9 Write your own responses to 1-8 in Exercise 7.
changes when responding to good and bad
Then work in pairs. Take turns reading out 1-8
news. Then work in pairs and practise the
and giving your own responses.
exchanges.
DEVELOPING CONVERSATIONS
12 Work in pairs. Each think of a piece of good
Response expressions or bad news. Write a conversation like the
We use lots of short expressions to respond to news. Look ones you heard in Exercise 3. Include response
at these examples from the conversations: Notice how we
expressions.
often ask a question after the response.
C: Apparently, she’s quite ill and he’s just very worried 13 Try to remember your conversation. Act it out in
about her. front of another pair of students.
R: Oh no! That sounds like a nightmare. What's wrong @« 2 To watch the video and do the activities, see the DVD ROM.
with her? Is it very serious?
B: I've just found out | can’t continue to stay where | am at

the moment.
A: What a pain! How come?
Unit 2 Feelings 17
HUGS AND KISSES
SPEAKING 6 Work in pairs. Discuss the questions.
* Do you think Juan Mann was right to walk away from
1 Check you understand the words and phrases the Free Hugs ‘brand’? Why? / Why not?
in bold. Then work in groups and discuss the
questions. + Why do think the Free Hugs movement has been
controversial in some countries?
* How often do you do these things? In what
situations? + Do you think it has a future? Would it be popular in
- hug people your country? Why? / Why not?
- kiss people on the cheek or lips
- walk arm in arm with people or hold hands
- shake hands or bow
UNDERSTANDING VOCABULARY
- touch people on the arm or put your arm round
their shoulder
« Do you do any of these things more often or less
-ed / -ing adjectives
often than most people in your country? Why? A small group of common adjectives can end in both -ed
and -ing. The -ed form describes people’s feelings. The
* Have you been anywhere where they do these -ing form describes the things that cause the feelings.
things differently to you? Where? What do they do?
In the modern world, it is not unusual for people to feel
depressed.
READING it was a depressing time.
2 Work in pairs. Look at the photo opposite and
discuss the questions. 7 Complete the pairs of sentences with the correct
» What is the man in the photo doing? Why do you adjective form of these verbs.
think he’s doing this?
annoy confuse bore
*» What would you do if you saw someone like this?
depress shock disappoint
Why?
« Are there any famous local characters in your local a Can you explain it again? I’m still a bit
area / town / city? Why are they well known? b The instructions for this camera are really
3 Read the article. Answer the questions.

2 a Hehasareally______—rhabit of repeating the
1 What made Juan Mann start his campaign? same stories over and over again.
How did he feel when he went out for the first time? b I'ma bit___ that he hasn’t phoned me. He
NY
promised to!
Who first asked for a hug, and why?
W
3 a He’s been______ for a while, but he refuses to

How did Mann become so famous?
try counselling.
ob
What two theories are put forward to explain the b This weather’sso__———_. It’s so cold and wet!
success of the Free Hugs movement?
4 a | found the violence in the film quite____———_, to
4 Work in pairs. Cover the article. Try to be honest.
remember the adjectives that went with these b | was really __§=_ to see so many homeless
people on the streets there!
nouns. Then look at the article and check your
answers. 5 a I'm . Can't we go out somewhere?
b Ifind her quite__————S. All she ever talks about
1 connections is her children!
2 a_____ attempt
6 a Obviously, I'ma bit___ that I didn’t get the
She = SAE job.
4a_—searr b | loved her last film, but to be honest | found this
one quite
5 his_____ identity
6 one of the _____=_ shopping districts
Complete the sentences so they are true for you.
| find it really annoying when people ...
7 skills
—
The last time | got really bored was when ...

8 experiences
WN
| always get really depressed when...
LISTENING One thing | found really disappointing was ...

of
The most shocking thing I’ve ever seen was ...

5 [HO Work in pairs. Discuss what impact
success probably had on Juan Mann and what | still get quite confused about ...
ao
you think happened to his campaign. Then listen 9 Work in groups. Compare your sentences and
and check your ideas. explain your ideas. Who do you have most in
common with?
18
JUAN MANN
CHANGE THE WORLD!
ieee
_
co
In the modern world, it is not unusual for
people to feel depressed or isolated. It can be
hard to make meaningful connections with
others. That was certainly how the mysterious
Juan Mann (‘One man’) felt — until the day he
decided to start giving free hugs to strangers.
What started as a desperate attempt to change
his own life subsequently transformed him into
an international star.
On returning to Sydney, Australia, in early
2004, after travelling in Europe, Mann (who
has always kept his true identity secret) had a
miserable year. His parents had divorced and
he found himself lonely and unemployed. It
was a depressing time as many of his friends
were no longer around and his family was also
elsewhere. After spending months hiding away
from the world, feeling sad and sorry for himself,
he decided to change his life and do something
completely different.
And something different is exactly what he did!
Mann went to one of Sydneys main shopping
districts holding a cardboard sign saying ‘Free
Hugs’ — and waited. He expected to last an hour
at the most and had even asked a friend to come
along to protect him. He also very deliberately left
his wallet at home.
After fifteen minutes, however, a woman
approached him and said that her dog had died
that morning and on top of that it was the first
anniversary of her daughters death, so she could
really use a hug. Mann was happy to help!
His ‘Free Hugs’ campaign continued quietly for a
couple of years until a songwriter he knew filmed
him in action. This friend then added a song by
his own band Sick Puppies and posted the video
on YouTube, where it has now had over 75 million
hits. Mann quickly became something of a
celebrity, was interviewed by legendary American To some, the growth of the Free Hugs movement is a sign that
chat show host Oprah Winfrey and saw Free Hugs acts of kindness are becoming more socially acceptable. In an age
go global, with similar groups appearing all over when nobody expects to get something for nothing and where
the world. economic competition and greed have become the norm, perhaps
the movement offers a different, softer approach to life. Also, shared
Mann seemed to find the success of his project
experiences in the real world may be more important to us now
funny as he had been told at school that he lacked
that we spend so much time in virtual online worlds.
the social skills to work with people in need, yet
had ended up as a kind of therapist for a whole However, the most incredible aspect of Juan Mann’ story has not
city. His explanation was that many people needed been the effect it has had on those he shared hugs with or even
someone to listen to their problems, but were too on those inspired by his story, but actually the effect it has had on
embarrassed to call a helpline or seek counselling. himself.
Unit 2 Feelings 19
ITS $0 GOOD TO SEE YOU!
3 [SEEN Listen again and complete the sentences
with two words in each space. Contractions
count as one word.
1 Sorry. |just___-_—- you. You look so different.
2 |dosales______ for a film company.
3 That’s‘amazing. I’m really ___ you.
4 |’m working really
5 I’m learning a lot and the money's not bad either, so
|
6 OK. And are you still living ___-_———?
7 She still talks about you from time
8 That's my idea !

* Have you ever failed to recognise someone you
knew? Why?
* Would you like to work in sales and marketing?
Why? / Why not?
* Do you know anyone who's getting married
SPEAKING sometime soon?
* Do you know anyone who is out of work at the
bump into /,bamp 'tnt9/ (phrasal verb) moment?
lf you bump into someone you know, you unexpectedly « Do you know anyone who trains regularly? What for?
meet them somewhere — when you have not planned to.
+ What’s your idea of hell?
1 Work in pairs. Discuss the questions. GRAMMAR

Where you live, in what places do you often bump
into people you know?
What's the most surprising time you’ve bumped into Present simple and present
someone? Why was it so unexpected? continuous
When was the last time you bumped into someone? The present simple uses the infinitive form of the verb
Where was it? What did you talk about? (without to). The third person form adds an -s.
Is there a famous person you would like to bump | work in sales and marketing.
into? What would you ask them? The present continuous uses a form of the auxiliary verb
Is there anyone you wouldn't want to bump into? Why? be and the -ing form of the verb.
We're setting up a new website at the moment.
LISTENING
5 Look at these sentences from the conversation.
2 [EEE Listen to two people, Carla and Robin, Answer the questions below.
who bump into each other in the street. Are the
sentences true (T), false (F) or not mentioned (N)? a We’re getting married in the summer.
Carla and Robin went to school together. b She’s staying with her brother on the coast.
Robin has put on a lot of weight since they last met. c / train on Saturdays.
WN
Carla isn’t working today. 1 Which sentence is about a habit or a regular

Carla is a website designer. repeated activity?
FF
Her work is very busy at the moment. 2 Which sentence is about a temporary, unfinished
activity?
OO
Carla lives with her boyfriend.

3 Which sentence is about something in the future that
Robin has a part-time job at the moment.
is already arranged with other people?
WON
Robin's parents are separated.

4 Do you know what the connection is between these
Carla is really into running. verbs?
OO
Robin would like to run a marathon.

—
agree believe belong disagree forget

like need own seem want
G Check your ideas on page 167 and do Exercise 1,

20
Put the words in italics into either the present 9 Write reasons to explain why you can’t or don’t
simple or the present continuous. Use want to do the things below. Use the present
contractions where possible. simple or present continuous.
1 A: How your course / go? Are you still enjoying it? 1 A: Do you think you could help me move this table?
B: Yeah, although // find/ it a lot harder than before. B: No, sorry but | can’t.
2 A: Are you busy this weekend? you / want/ go out/ 2 A: We're going out for dinner later. Would you like to
somewhere? join us?
B: | / work/ Saturday mornings, but I’m free in the B: Oh, I'd love to, but | can’t.
afternoon.
3 A: Can | just use your computer for a few minutes?
3 A: What's your sister doing these days? she / still/ B: No, sorry.
study?
4 A; Can you turn this music off? It’s driving me mad.
: Yeah. She graduated last year, but now she / do /
B: No, leave it on.
w
a Master's.
5 A: Would you like to go out with me on Friday?
:// need / a coat? Is it still raining outside?
B: Oh, it’s nice of you to ask, but | can’t. Sorry.
wLY
: Yeah, it / pour / down.

: you / have / any plans for tonight?
10
Or
: Yeah. // meet / an old friend of mine for dinner, Work in pairs. Take turns reading out the
actually. questions in Exercise 9. Say your responses
6 A: What's the matter with him? Why he / shout/ at and continue each conversation for as long as
everyone like that? you can.
B: | don’t know. He’s just in a bad mood. he / get/ G For further practice, see Exercise 2 on page 168.
like this sometimes.
SPEAKING
PRONUNCIATION
11 Work in pairs. You are going to roleplay a
EXEED Listen to the present continuous conversation between two old friends who bump
sentences in Exercise 6 — first said slowly and into each other in the street.
then faster. Notice the contractions and the
Student A: read File 3 on page 188.
weak forms of the verb be.
Student B: read File 7 on page 189.
Work in pairs. Practise reading out the
EE
exchanges in Exercise 6. How quickly can 12 Now roleplay the conversation. Use some of the
t
you say them? language below.
ih
+ | haven't seen you for ages.
+ How have you been?
If you say you can't or don’t want to do something, it’s
polite to give a reason. The reason will often use the + It's so good to see you.
present simple or present continuous. Look at this extract + So what are you doing here?
from the conversation:
+ So what are doing these days?
R: What are you doing this Saturday? Do you want to
meet for lunch or something? « How’s your family?
C: Oh, I'd love to, but | train on Saturdays. I’m doing the + Anyway, listen. I’m actually in a bit of a rush.
marathon next month. + We must meet again sometime.
tate
1 Work in pairs. Look at the photo and imagine Work in groups. Discuss the questions.
you met these people. What do you think of what happens in the video?
What might you say to them? What questions would
+ Why do you think Jimmy sleeps in the park?
you ask?
* Would you find it easy to start conversations like this
What things do you think you might have in common in a park? Why? / Why not?
with them?
Have you ever made a fire? Where? How?
2 [OREN Watch the first part of a video about two * How well would you survive living outside? Why?
men like those in the photo (0.00-1.28). Find out:
+ Tell your group about one experience that will stay
1 why they are running in the park. with you for the rest of your life.
2 where they are from.
3 what they have in common with the man they talk to. UNDERSTANDING FAST SPEECH
3 The words and phrases below all appear in the 6 (CZ Read and listen to this extract from the
second part of the video. Work in pairs. Check video said at natural pace and then slowed
you understand them, then discuss what you down. To help you, groups of words are marked
think might happen in the second part of the with / and pauses are marked //. Stressed
video. sounds are in CAPITALS.
1 East Africa 5 leopards
You know YEAH / we GOTta hang OUT someTIME /
2 The Bronx 6 sticks
you KNOW // You KNOW you VISit HERE / any time you
3 some issues 7 elephant dung HERE you VISit US / and any TIME we're over THERE /
4 sheets and blankets 8 the rest of my life we COME VISit YOU
4 [EW Watch the second part of the video where Now you have a go! Practise saying the extract
the two men meet someone called Jimmy at natural pace.
(1.29-4.51). Find out why the words and phrases
in Exercise 3 are used. Then compare your ideas
with your partner.
22
5 Write a sentence before and after the sentences
from Exercise 4 to create short dialogues.
VOCABULARY
SAL 6 Match the verbs (1-8) with the collocates (a-h).
1 Complete the text with one word in each space. 1 express a hands/ her head
Contractions count as one word. 2 shake b myself understood / a mess
Have | ever told you how my parents met? | don’t think 3 picki f /th ‘ror the-class
1's. Well, they met in the middle of nowhere cee Cee ee ee : ve
in Peru. My dad?_____—s walking on his own to 4 hold d myself clearly / his feelings
the lost city of Machu Picchu. He was very fit at the 5 get e as you go along / slowly
time, but found he was °______ slower and slower 6 ig ;
and then he stopped and was really sick. Apparently, make ands / a conversation
it*’________ caused by being so high up in the 7 find it g the language / the basics first
mountains. Eventually, he got to a little village to ask for 8 h dif , if
help, which was a bit difficult as he °_____ speak Gece SER Reve! Snneying
much Spanish. Fortunately, there was another group 7 Decide if these words and phrases are connected
their way back to the nearest city, Cuzco. My mum was
in that group. She had 7____ Spanish at university, eecent fluent mood get by |
so she translated for him. She told me that ° only child furious aecuiste sin
she first saw him, she was really shocked because he down single separated upset
looked *°____sif he was dying! Fortunately, he
jo} My dad recovered and they fell in love. 5;
And that’s why they "'_______ going back to Machu 8 Complete the sentences. Use the word in
Picchu later this year to celebrate their 25" wedding brackets to form a word that fits in the space.
anniversary. My dad still '*____ been there! 1 | didn’t expect it to be very good, so | was
: ised. (pl t
2 Make two questions from each group of Spies’ \Bieanaitt
words (1-6). 2 | struggled with German at school because | just
found the grammar so_______.. (confuse)
1 Where / What / does / are / that / you / based / A
involve 3 We were quite ___ with the results of the
research. (disappoint)
2 Have/ Are/ you / you / working / been /
here before / at the moment 4 Did you see the news yesterday? It was quite
, wasn’t it? (shock)
3 Where / When / does / was / she /she/ live / born a ; :
; 5 | think it’s easier to remember words if you can make
5 What/ How / kind of music / often / do / are / you / (connect)

you / into / do that 6 Apparently, he can speak six languages
6 How many / How long / have / brothers and sisters / (fluent)
do / you / you / been / have / doing that 7 Meeting her again after all these years, | had a
3 Choose the correct option. Oi Te eeS: Cri)
1 What do you do when you're not / you don’t 8 My flight was overnight and | didn’t sleep at all, so I'm
. (exhaust)
working?
2 Are you OK? You look / look like a bit confused. 9 Complete the extract from an email with one
3 Sorry, | can’t speak to you now. | do/ I’m doing word in each space. The first letters are given.
something. By the way, did | tell you! 'bu____ into Brian in
i+ 2,
4 Why don’t you come round on Friday? We have / are SONS et Gey Bae i eae: rey
having a barbecue for my birthday. because | didn’t *re__t__ him at first as he’s grown
this huge beard. | was walking along and this guy came
5 We couldn't get back into the house because | /eft/ 4y t me and he looked as if he was
had left my key inside. about to hit me and | actually screamed. Then he said
6 Is Hasan OK? He sounded / sounded like he was his name and of course | just laughed with
getting a cold. *re________and| gave him a big *h______. We
were in the 7mi______ of the supermarket so we
7 \t was stupid. | was trying / had tried to carry too
many things and in the end | dropped everything. oer ot a quitea few W strange
SUange looks.
|OOKS He’s s actually
actually doidoing really
all
well. You know he was working as a civil
8 | asked them to turn their music down because | was Ss__ Ss ? Well he left that job last year and he’s
studying / studied. gone back to university. He’s studying °Me
9 He said he can’t come on Friday because he has / js lk protien wee i fOr Wily Sie Cran GI seme ;
having too much work re________ into his illness as a way to support him
: and now he wants to do more. | think he was also a bit
10 We met / were meeting some clients when we Uf u of his old job and he'll have far
heard / was hearing the news. more '%op when he gets his degree. It really
; : . was great to see him.
4 Listen and write the six sentences you hear. ?
Review 1 23
Se.
= et
PISeeegtte re ny pe) <
hediop FSP R Rheeap + 5m
5 phar aie fapad t ra
pak ay ank
yi phi } Be .wth
cee Pei bed Rn Iba en pm
P
esha i Lipa wv Aah oh
« describe places and explain where they are
+ give and respond to suggestions
+ discuss future plans
» talk about the weather
- recognise and reuse useful chunks of language
« ask and talk about holiday experiences
SPEAKING
1 Work in groups. Look at the photo and discuss
the questions.
+ Would you like to go to a place like this for a
holiday? Why? / Why not?
- What’s the best place to get a view where you
live? What can you see from there?
- What's the highest building or place you have
been up? How was it? When did you go there?
ate
eats
vi * ma
=
és
—
1s —
pam
eee
1;
iy
i >
CAN YOU RECOMMEND ANYWHERE?
A em nae RS ee ae ae —————— |
VOCABULARY Places of interest 3 Complete the phrases with prepositions from

Exercise 1.
1 Complete the sentences with these words.
1 It's about ten miles / sixty kilometres / an hour
Then check you understand the words and of town.
phrases in bold.
2 You can walk the walls / the river / the
gallery _—s ruins walls oldtown lake beach.
nightlife palace mosque stalls theme park 3 Its____——_—srthe east of the city / the financial
district / the old town.
1 There’sa about a mile out of town, where
4 It's by the river / the beach / the lake.
you can hire a boat and go fishing.
5 It’s further the coast / the river / the canal.
2 There's an old castle above the city. You can walk
along the and go to the top of the tower. 6 You find them all this part of the country/
this area / the city.
3 There’s a street market in the east of the city with
selling everything from antiques to apples.
4 There’s an old royal down by the river. It
reopened recently after being restored. PRONUNCIATION|
5 There’s a really fun further along the 4 [MEQ Listen to some of the phrases in
coast. They’ve got some great rides there. Exercise 3 said slowly. Notice how consonant
6 The main is in the old Jewish district. sounds link to vowel sounds.
There are lots of bars and restaurants there and it's
always very lively. 5 [METI Listen again and practise saying the
phrases in the same slow way. Then practise
7 There are Roman all over this part of the saying them as quickly as you can.
country. They discovered some near here recently.
8 There's a beautiful near here. You'll hear
the call to prayer in the morning. 6 Think of a tourist destination you know
well. Spend a few minutes preparing a short
9 They built a new modern art recently. It’s presentation about the place and what you
an amazing building. It was designed by a famous
can see and do there. Try to use some of the
Brazilian architect.
vocabulary from Exercises 1-3. Then work in
10 Most of the was built in the 17* century, groups and give your presentations to each other.
but there’s a famous church which is medieval.
2 Work in pairs. Think of a word or phrase LISTENING

connected to each of the words in the box in
Exercise 1. Use a dictionary to help you. 7 Look at the places to visit in and around Krakow,
Poland’s top tourist destination. Work in pairs.
gallery — exhibition lake — go foraswim
Decide which places you would go to and why.
cea aero] te LeValitea et BS7:N elt ere Bia!

PENS ee ltl ae iS i
8 [EEN Listen to a conversation between a tourist Conversation 2
and a hotel receptionist in Krakow. Which of the g Right. ’'m not really into museums, to be honest.
places in Krakow are mentioned? What does the
h Well, you could try the local museum. That's quite
tourist decide to do? Work in pairs and compare close to here. They’ve got lots of interesting things in
your ideas. there.
9 [EMEEI Complete the sentences with one word in i No, it’s quite cheap. It should only be about $10.
each space. Then listen again and check your j I'm thinking of doing some sightseeing today. Can
answers. you recommend anywhere?
1 Hello there. | if you can help me. k Oh, that sounds better. Are they expensive to get
2 I'm_______ of going sightseeing today. into?
3 Can you____—_-—s anywhere good to go? | That's OK. In that case, how about going to the
Roman ruins down by the lake? There are also some
4 It depends on__t____ you like. nice cafés and you can swim there.
5 I'm not really a big _..__ of churches, to be
honest. 11 E9E Listen and check your answers. Then work
in pairs and practise reading the conversations.
6 Well, in that case, you____———_ try Kazimierz.
7 How ______ a guided tour of Nowa Huta?
8 | cancalland__. Ss a _ EC for you, if you
want, 12 Make a list of places in your town / area that
you think are good for visitors to go to.
DEVELOPING CONVERSATIONS 13 Work in pairs. You are going to roleplay a
Giving and responding to suggestions conversation between a tourist and a hotel
receptionist in the place where you live.
10 Put the two conversations into the correct order.
The first one is done for you. Student A: you are the tourist. You are thinking of
going sightseeing. Ask for recommendations. Reject
Conversation 1
some before deciding on one.
a Well, you could try Oxford Street. There are lots of
big department stores there. Student B: you are the hotel receptionist. Suggest
b Oh, OK. Well, in that case, how about Portobello some different places to the tourist. Explain why
Road? It’s a big street market. You can find lots of they are good.
bargains there.
14 Now roleplay the conversation. Try to use
c To be honest, I’m not really a big fan of department some of the phrases in bold from Exercise 10.
stores. When you have finished, change roles and have
d Oh, that sounds great. | love that kind of thing. Is it another conversation.
easy to get to?
@< 5 To watch the video and do the activities, see the DVD ROM.
e I’m thinking of doing some shopping today. Can you
recommend anywhere? 1
f Yes, very. I'll show you on the map.
re
-
Unit3. Time off 27

MY KIND OF HOLIDAY
LISTENING
1 Work in pairs. Look at the
photos and the descriptions
of people and holidays.
What do you know about the
places in the photos? Which
people do you think go with
which holiday? Explain your
decisions.
2 Listen to three people
talking about their holiday WENDY. 45
plans for this year and A British teacher with
answer the questions. teenage kids. ATU Tam es yarn slaty
1 Which of the people in the
photos are talking?
2 Where is each person having
their holiday?
3 What other places do they
mention?
3 Decide which of
the following things are
important for each speaker
(1-3) when planning their
holiday. There is one you do
not need. Then listen again WALEED, 19
and check your ideas. A Saudi student with parents
a nice’accommodaiion and sisters. aCe MCh Mla mNU TetT=y
b evening entertainment and

nightlife
guaranteed good weather
SessKy
sights and history

meeting local people
1D
mountains or beautiful
=a
countryside
g good food
h peace and quiet
i extra activities (e.g. tennis,
sailing, diving, climbing) LIAN, 61
A retired Chinese civil
servant with husband. London. UK in August
SPEAKING
4 When choosing a holiday,
what is most important for
you? Rank the things in
Exercise 3 from 1 (= most
important) to 9 (= least
important). Make some
notes to explain why.
5 Workin groups and compare
your choices. Who in your
group would make the best
partners to go on holiday —- aa
with? Where might you go ALAIN. 27 :

and what might you do? A French waiter on his own. een
28
GRAMMAR 8 Workin pairs. Discuss the questions.
= = —~: = S ss » Are you going away in the summer?
* Do you have any plans for the weekend?
Future plans * What are you doing after the class?
When we talk about plans in the future, we can use a
« Are you going to do anything for your birthday?
variety of forms: will; be going to; the present continuous;
have to; may/ might; be thinking of. + Are you going to continue studying English after this
course?
6 Look at these sentences from the listening. « What are you going to do after you leave school /
Answer the questions below. graduate?
We’re staying in a five-star hotel, of course. + Do you have any plans to change jobs?
So we'll probably hire a car to do off-road. G For further practice, see Exercise 2 on page 168,
oF
| have to work long hours in July and August.

(Gy A>
VOCABULARY Weather
a
When the season ends, | might take a short holiday.

I’m going to travel round Vietnam later in the year.
So we’re thinking of going to a show or two.
When we want to know about weather in the future, we
Which three sentences show plans that are definite — usually ask one of these questions:
ae
already decided or arranged? What’s the forecast for tomorrow / the weekend?
2 Which three sentences show plans which are less What’s the weather going to be like this afternoon / when
certain? you're there?
3 Which sentence shows a plan which is an obligation? To talk about predictions we're sure of, we use will or be
going to. To show we're less certain, we use it'll probably
4 Do you know two questions we often use to ask or it may / might.
about future plans?
They said it’s-reining it'll probably rain this afternoon but
5 What are the negative forms of each of the structures it might clear up by this evening.
in a—f?
'¢€ Check your ideas on page 168 and do Exercise 1. 9 Match the two parts of the sentences.
1 They said it'll be hot and humid during the day,
7 Complete the conversations with one word in and so
each space. Contractions count as one word.
They said it’s going to be really windy, so
A:'_sdyou going away in the summer?
PWN
Apparently, it’s going to be really sunny, so

B: Probably, but we’re ?7____—stto leave it till the last They said it'll be freezing and
minute to book and try to get a cheap package deal
to Greece, or somewhere like that. What about you? They said it’s going to be boiling hot all week and
NOM
Apparently, it’s going to pour down tomorrow, so

A: Nowhere special. We * probably just go
to my parents’ in Scotland. | suppose we *___ They said it'll be generally quite warm during the
possibly go camping along the coast. We'll see how day, but
things go. The same as today: grey and miserable, but
co
B: That sounds nice. What’s the weather usually like up

it might drop to minus 10°.
eae
there at this time of year?

on Tuesday it might reach 36°. | hate the heat!
C: Do you have any ° for the weekend? there might possibly be a storm this evening.
hake, GR
D: Well, | have an exam next week so | ® to do we should take down the parasol or it'll blow away.
some revision, but I’m ” a friend on Sunday "Il probably stay at home and keep out of the rain!
th SM
morning to go to the Mocak gallery. We ®__ | might even get a suntan!

go for lunch too. It depends how much work | do on
Saturday. Why? What about you? they said it might clear up next week!
saben
C: Well, I'm °_____=___ of maybe going to the cinema it might get a bit chilly at night.
on Saturday night and thought you might like to go, 10 Work in pairs. Discuss the questions.
but maybe you '° be too busy.
« Do you know what the forecast is for tomorrow / the
D: No. | can work during the day, but then | probably weekend / next week?
3 want to work in the evening. What are
you of seeing? - Are there any bad times to visit where you live
because of the weather? Why? When is the best time
C: | haven't decided. Let’s have a look now and see to visit?
what’s on.
+ What's the coldest it gets in your country? What's the
hottest?
+ How many ofthe different kinds of weather in
Exercise 9 have you had in the last year?
Unit3 Timeoff 29
A COMPLETE DISASTER
For most of us, if we describe a holiday as a disaster, arranged and personal protection can be provided at
it might mean we got robbed, were stuck indoors a cost of anything up to $20,000. How about visiting
as it poured with rain outside, or experienced any. Chernobyl, the nuclear power plant that exploded
number of other things that could spoil our two in 1986? There is even a company that organises
weeks of relaxation, We generally want to avoid these a realistic simulation of a plane crash ‘including a
things. So you might be surprised to learn that there smoke-filled cabin’ According to their website, this
are now companies that actually organise ‘disaster could provide an excellent day out for employees
experiences’
for people looking for adventure in their as a company team-building experience, because
time off. You can travel to look for a storm — the kind ‘disasters bring people closer together!’ Are they
that might blow your house down, not just blow serious? Don't we have enough stress at work without
your hat off. Or perhaps you might like to visit a war having to pretend we're all going to die!
zone? Visas, travel and accommodation can all be
READING » Are there any problems with disaster tourism that the
author hasn't mentioned?
1 Work in groups. Think of:
+ Do you think there are times when / places where
- four things that could be described as a disaster. you shouldn't take photos or selfies? Why?
- four things that could spoil a holiday.
Then discuss whether you have experienced or UNDERSTANDING VOCABULARY
heard of any of the things. Explain what
happened in as much detail as you can.
2 Read the first paragraph of an article about Useful chunks in texts
disaster tourism above. Answer the questions. A chunk is a group of words that often go together. The
words may all be next to each other in a sentence, or they
1 What examples of disaster tourism and disaster may be spread out across a sentence with other words
experiences are given? between the different parts of the chunk. Noticing chunks
2 What does the author seem to think of disaster and thinking about how to use them to express your own
tourism? ideas is important if you want to get better in a language.
We often reuse chunks, but change the words around them.
3 What do you think of it? Would you want to try any of
the holidays / days out mentioned? You might be surprised to learn that there are now
companies that actually organise ‘disaster experiences.’
3 Work in pairs. Look at the four photos in this You might be surprised to learn that there are more
lesson and discuss the questions. pyramids in Mexico than Egypt.
1 Do you know what countries they are in or why they
are famous? 6 Work in pairs and look at the chunks below. How
2 How might they be connected to disaster tourism? much can you remember about what the writer
said using these chunks? Then look at the article
Then read the rest of the article in File 2 on and check your ideas.
page 187 and check your ideas.
1... my initial reaction when | first ... was to ...
4 Read the article again. Find: 2 | told myself that there’s no way ...
1 why the website ‘Selfies at serious places’ is 3 ...which commemorates the people who died...
mentioned.
4 ... which was completely destroyed by ...
2 two reasons why the author visits places with bloody
histories. 5 ... looking at ... now, | am wondering ...
3 the aims of the company Political Tours. 6 ... have a lot to offer.
4 two benefits of disaster tourism that James Wilcox 7 ... Willing to take the risk and...
mentions.
7 Write your own sentences using the chunks in
5 how the author ends up feeling about disaster Exercise 6. Try to make the sentences true.
tourism — and why.
My initial reaction when | first saw the mess in the
5 Workin groups. Discuss the questions. house after the party was to scream!
+ Can you think of other places that tourists visit which 8 Work in groups. Compare your sentences and
have a connection to disasters and death? Would you explain as much about them as you can. Who
like to visit them? has the best example for each chunk?
+ What other benefits of disaster tourism might there be?
30
11 Complete these answers to the question Have |
you (ever) been to X? with Yes or No (never). |
. What's it like?
, but it’s supposed to be amazing.
NY
. Several times.
BW
, but | might actually go at the weekend.
. 've never really fancied it.
OW
_ I'd love to, though. f
. It's great. You should go.
ON
. | Spent a week there last year.
. I'm going this summer, though.
OO
. Have you? I've heard it’s quite nice.
—
12 Write five questions starting with Have you (ever)

been to ...? Ask about places you know and want
Selfie at Chernobyl
to compare experiences of — or places you’re
thinking of going to and want opinions of.
GRAMMAR Present perfect simple 13 Talk to some other students. Ask your questions
and answer other students’ questions. Give as
9 Look at this extract from the article. Answer the many details as you can.
questions below.
| have been to the peace park in Hiroshima, which
commemorates the people who died from the first
nuclear bomb. I’ve visited many castles like the
Tower of London where people were executed. Last
year | went to Pompeii, the ancient ruins of a city
which was completely destroyed by a volcano in
the first century. While there, | took a photo of the
2,000-year-old dead person.
1 Which verbs are in the present perfect simple?
2 Do you know how to make the present perfect
examples into questions and negatives?
3 Which of these statements are true?
a_ The present perfect is often used to introduce

experiences connected to a present discussion.
b When we use the present perfect, we make clear
the time of the experience.
c The details of the experience are usually in the
past simple.
e Check your ideas on page 169 and do Exercise 1.
10 Read the Grammar box and answer the

questions below.
When someone asks us a present perfect question, we Md

usually give information or opinions about our experiences
— or we ask questions. Note that we often answer using
tenses other than the present perfect.
1 Why might someone ask this question? baa

Have you been to the theme park along the coast?
é a
De
2 Which of these answers do you think help to develop = Se ‘ba
; the conversation? Why? ei ead 4 F =
Yes, | have. Fh ey Ff
Yeah. It’s great. ee " ; epee.
onaoo
No, | haven't. Why? we ie : :

No. Gi ‘
Yeah, | went there last year. ®
Hiroshima a
Unit3 Time off 31

talk about free-time activities
describe how often you do (or did) things
explain how good you are at things
talk about injuries and sports problems
ask about tastes
SPEAKING
- Where do you think this photo was taken?
What time of day do you think it is?
Have you ever done anything similar to this?
When? Where?
Do you do anything to keep fit? What?
Are you more of a morning person or a night
person?
What do you usually do early in the morning and
late in the evening?
~
tienes
x
Unit4 Interests 33
by: 4
bs yO -
MAKING THE MOST OF YOUR TIME?
VOCABULARY Free-time activities 5 ([GMREW Listen again. Are the sentences true (T) or
false (F)?
1 Match each sentence beginning (1-6) with the
Conversation 1
two most likely endings (a-l).
1 Both speakers have seen the play.
1 | went 4 |just stayed in and
2 One speaker goes to the theatre a lot more often
| went to 5 |had
N
than the other.

| went for 6 I did
®
Conversation 2
a run round the block this morning. 3 The weather wasn’t very good at the weekend.
®
took it easy. 4 Domi went sailing more in the past than now.
&
climbing in the mountains last weekend. Conversation 3

AO
sailing on a big lake near my house. S Frank had a late night last night.
Oo
the theatre and saw an amazing play. 6 Frank’s father doesn’t like playing cards.
OD
a drive to the beach with my girlfriend on Friday.

ee
a friend’s place for dinner last night. GRAMMAR

‘©
h a Russian lesson last night.

some baking for my sister's birthday party.
j played cards with some friends until about two in the
Habit and frequency
morning. To talk about present habits, we use the present simple.
kK an early night last night. To talk about past habits, we use the past simple or used to
+ infinitive (without fo).
| abit of exercise before breakfast.
We use these structures with a range of different
2 Work in pairs. Think of one more way to finish frequency phrases.
each sentence beginning from Exercise 1.
3 Work in groups. Talk about activities in Exercise
6 [EMEEM Work in pairs. Try to remember the
i that you: missing words from the conversations. Listen
and check your ideas.
1 have done recently. 3 don't really like doing.
1 A: So! you go to the theatre a
2 only do occasionally. 4 have never done. : , then?
B: Yeah, *_______ a lot, | guess. Maybe two or
LISTENING three times *____——_s month.
2 C: I didn’t know you sailed. How °____ do you
4 [SEE Listen to three conversations. Answer the do that?
questions. D: Notas muchas!I®____ to, to be honest.
1 Which free-time activities from Exercise 1 do they When | was living in Brittany,!’_____ all the
talk about? time, but|*______ often get the chance now.
2 How often do Brenda, Domi and Frank do these 3 E: Doyou® play poker?
activities? F; Yeah, quite "®_ sy actually.
34
10 Work in groups. Use the questions from
Exercise 8 to ask each other about habits.
Use frequency phrases to give true answers.
G For further practice, see Exercise 2.on page 170.
Are you any good?

We usually use a short phrase to answer the question Are
you any good? We then explain the phrase in more detail.
A: | play cards sometimes too, Are you any good?
B: Yeah, I’m OK. | mean, I’m not a professional or
anything, but | enjoy it.
11 Choose the correct option.

1 a No, /'m useless. / lm OK, | can’t even boil an egg.
b Yeah, quite good. / No, not really. | do good soups
and | bake quite a lot as well.
2 a I'm OK./ No, not really. | used to be OK when | was
at school, but | lost interest.
7? Underline all the frequency phrases in Exercise 6. b No, /’m useless. / Yeah, quite good. | usually hit the
Then work in pairs and answer the questions. ball out of the court or into the net.
1 Which frequency phrase compares now with the past? 3 a Yeah, quite good. / No, not really. Most people
seem to trust me.
2 Which frequency phrases mean the same thing?
b I’m OK./ No, I'm useless. | usually end up telling
3 Do you know any other frequency phrases you could everybody everything!
use to answer the questions in Exercise 6?
4 a_ Yeah, quite good. / No, I’m useless. | mean, | can't
G Check your ideas on page 169 and do Exercise 1. even kick a ball in a straight line.
b I'm OK./ No, not really. | didn’t enjoy it at school,
8 Complete the frequency phrases with these words. but now | play tennis quite a lot.
all every hardly quite 12 Match the questions (a—d) with the four pairs of
that used whenever would answers in Exercise 11.
a Are you any good at sport?
1 A: Do you go swimming a lot?
B: Yeah, nearly__.___———_— day, unless I’m really busy. b Are you any good at cooking?
2 A: Do you eat out a lot? c Are you any good at tennis?

B: Notas muchas we___——sétto. Before we d Are you any good at keeping secrets?
were married, we went out all the time.
13 Write four more Are you any good at ...? questions.
3 A: So do you read much?
B: Yeah, the time — at least a book a week. Then work in groups. Ask and answer the questions
from Exercise 12 and your own questions.
4 A: Do you go to the cinema much?
B: Yeah, _____ a lot. | probably go once every
two weeks. CONVERSATION PRACTICE
5 A: How often do you play games on the computer? i4 Think of a free-time activity that you do quite
B: Not_ often, actually. | don’t have time. a lot. Think about how often you do it, where
6 A: So how often do you go to the gym? you do it and if you’re any good at it. Then have
B: ever now, to be honest. Today was the conversations with other students in the class.
first time in ages. | used to go more often. Use the guide below to help you.
7 A: Do you ever try to read in English?
B: Yeah, _____ I get the chance. It’s hard to find Student A Student B
time, though. Work’s so busy.
8 A: Do you ever watch your favourite team play? Ask B: Did you have a
B: Yeah, but notas muchas!____ like to. good weekend? Say Yes. Explain that
| only went four times last season. you did your free-time
activity. Say when.
Ask if B does this much /
how often B does this.
PRONUNCIATION Answer.
9 Listen to the questions in Exercise 8. Ask for more details.

Practise saying the questions as quickly as
you can. @< ) 6 To watch the video and do the activities, see the DVD ROM.
Unit4 Interests 35
HIDDEN TALENT
LISTENING * Do you know anyone who is very competitive or a
bad loser? Give examples.
1 Look at the photos of different martial arts on > Have you ever taken part In’a competition? What
these pages and discuss the questions. kind? When? Use some of the phrases below to talk
* What do you know about the martial arts in the about how well you did.
photos?
» Why do you think people do martial arts? « | came first / second
/ 357" / last, etc.
What abilities / qualities do you think you need? (e.g. * Ilostin the first round / the second round, etc.
strength, good balance, patience, etc.) + | got to the quarter final / semi-final / final, etc.
+» Do you know anyone who does a martial art? Are - | did it in three hours ten minutes / under an hour, etc.
they any good?
- What sports did you do at school? Did you like them?
Why?
/ Why not? VOCABULARY Injuries and problems
2 [EF Listen to a conversation between Rika and 5 Complete the sentences with these words.
her : colleague
5
Ian, who is working in Japan for
. | injury pulled injured unfit
an international company. Answer the questions. | confidence rate parsed stiff
1 What is the surprising information lan finds out? eeteentenl
2 Why is he so surprised? 1 | fell off my bike and ________ my head. Luckily, |

3 Why is Rika annoyed? was wearing a helmet.
2 | was playing football and my leg. It was in
3 (GREER Work in pairs. Decide if these sentences plaster for six weeks.
about the conversation are true (T) or false (F). 3 | didn’t really warm up before we started playing and
Can you remember what Ian and Rika actually so | a muscle in my leg.
wad 7: : : a
said? Listen again and check your ideas. 4 I'mso ! | went running with a friend, but |
1 Rika gives someone her autograph. had to stop after ten minutes.
2 Rika won the judo tournament she entered. 5 We did a twenty-mile walk yesterday, so my legs are
3 You need to be tall to do judo. really _____ this morning.
4 Rika started doing judo when she was a child. 6 |________ my back skating. | tried to stand up and |
ae 6 a Asa Hers ACAI slipped and fell backwards.
er teachers at school persuaded her to start doin
it. P 7 He beat me 6-0, 6-0. | lost a lot of after
that and it took a while to recover.
6 Rika boasts about how good she is.
8 | gota really bad knee___ saa few years ago
8 Rika ti | champion.
Mon er ener nT a 6 Work in groups. Rank the problems from
4 Work in groups and discuss the questions. Exercise 5 from 1 (= most serious) to 8 (= least
Do you understand why Rika doesn’t talk about her serious). Explain your decisions.
talent at work? 7 Choose three problems from Exercise 5 that you
- Do you know anyone who has an unusual hobby or have experienced. Then work in pairs and tell
‘hidden’ talent? What is it? your partner what happened.
+ Do you think learning a martial art is the best way to
deal with bullying? Why? / Why not? What else could
be done?
alii
GRAMMAR
PRONUNCIATION
Present perfect continuous and past 10 EXEF Listen again to the questions from
Exercise 9. Notice the contractions and weak
simple for duration forms of have, has, been, did, you, etc. when
We can use both the present perfect continuous and the we speak fast. Practise saying the questions
past simple to talk about the duration (how long something
as quickly as you can.
lasts) of an activity or situation.
11 Work in pairs. Have eight conversations

8 Look at these extracts from the conversation.
starting with the comments and questions
Then work in pairs and answer the questions
from Exercise 9. Continue each conversation
below.
for as long as you can.
|: So how long have you been doing judo, then?
A: It’s the first accident he’s ever had. He’s actually a
(present perfect continuous)
very good driver.
R: Ever since | was a kid.
B: /'’m sure. How long has he been driving?
|: Really? How long were you out of action? A: About five or six years.
R: Well, | didn’t do anything for a couple of months. B: Right. So how did the accident happen?
(past simple) A: This car didn’t stop at the lights and crashed into him.
|: How long have | known you now? Six years? B: Oh dear.
(present perfect simple)
Does Rika still do judo?

WN —
Is Rika still out of action? SPEAKING

Does lan still know Rika?
12 Work in groups. Find the answers to the
Why don’t we say: How Jong have | been knowing questions below for your group. Find out two
&
you now? more details, such as how long, when, where, how
5 What's the difference between for and since? often, why or how.
‘¢ Check your ideas on page 170 and do Exercise 1. Who is the fittest person?
—
Who has run the longest distance?

9 [MEZA Respond to these comments by writing a
WN
Who has given up a hobby or sport?

How long ...? question using the verb in brackets.
Who plays a musical instrument well?
Then listen and check your answers.
ooh
1 It’s the first accident he’s ever had. He’s actually a Who has got to this level of English the quickest?
very good driver. (drive) Who has done the last homework the teacher
2 | can’t meet tonight. | have my kickboxing class. (do) gave you?
3 | used to be quite good at basketball before | gave

Who has been on the longest journey?
~
up. (play) 8 Who has experienced the longest wait for a plane
4 He only started playing again after the injury two or train?
months ago. (be injured) 9 Who has lived in their house for the shortest time?
5 | need to stop. | think I’ve pulled a muscle. (warm up) 10 Who has seen the longest film?
6 My parents are having a party for their wedding 11 Who had the shortest journey to get here?
anniversary on Saturday. (be married)
7 Her Arabic is pretty good already. (learn)
8 At last! You’re here. | was beginning to worry. (wait)
Beles hele
TUES EAA EAD
.
THE SOUNDTRACK OF OUR LIVES
VOCABULARY Describing music READING
1 Check you understand the adjectives in bold in Work in pairs. Look at the song titles and artists
the sentences below. Think of songs or genres of below. Do you know any of them? Do you like
music you could describe using these adjectives. them?
1 If a song is catchy, you quickly want to sing it and + Hey Jude (The Beatles)
can’t stop.
« Stuck Me (The Gimmies)
2 If music is repetitive, it has the same boom boom
beat all the way through. * Starships (Nicki Minaj)
3 Ifasong is heavy, it’s very loud and has a strong beat. + The Four Seasons (Vivaldi)
4 If a-song is soft, it’s quiet and relaxing to listen to. + Limon Y Sal (Julieta Venegas)
5 If we say the music or lyrics (the words to the song) * | Wanna Be Like You (from The Jungle Book)
are sentimental, they are romantic or sad in a bad * Take My Hand (Ivan & The Parazol)
way.
+ My Heart Will Go On (Céline Dion)
6 If we say a song is very commercial, it is a negative
* Gangnam Style (Psy)
way Of saying it is written to sell a lot.
7 If music or songs are moving, they make you cry. Read the article and find out if the readers like
the songs in Exercise 6 or not — and why.
8 If music is bland, it’s boring.
9 If music is uplifting, it makes you happy or hopeful. Read the article again. Which person / people in
10 If music is depressing, it makes you sad. the article:
1 likes different kinds of music to their father?
2 Work in pairs and compare your ideas. Say
finds some songs drive them mad?
whether or not you like the songs / genres you
WN
thought of and explain why. has good memories of time spent abroad?
went to a concert by one of their favourite bands?
ooh
predicts that one band will become famous?

mention special ceremonies?
Talking about tastes Correct the words in italics with words from the
article. Then work in pairs. Discuss if any of the
We often move from asking about general tastes to more
specific tastes. There are common questions we ask when
sentences are true for you.
talking about music, films and books. There’s a song | dance to whenever it puts on in a club.
=
If I'm sad, | like to play something sad to same my mood.

KRWN
3 Put the conversation into the correct order. The | love singing together to songs. | like karaoke.
first one is done for you.
I've seen lots of bands lively.
a Erm,|! don’t know ... Girls Rock, Soul Train, stuff like
| don't like sensitive songs about love and romance.
that.
OO
There's a song which really remembers me of my father.

All sorts really, but mainly pop music and R&B.
oF
| sometimes make stupid dances to some songs.

Oh right. Anyone in particular?
WON
iA
| like to study with music on in the behind.

Yeah, all the time.
@: 30
Classical music doesn't fee/ anything for me. It's bland.

Oo
So have you heard anything good recently?

What kind of music are you into? With your partner, discuss which person in the
oe
Do you listen to music much?

article you are most / least similar to — and why.
7
©
Well, | downloaded this great song by K Boy. It’s

zs
fantastic. SPEAKING
4 Listen and check your answers. Choose two playlist titles from below and make a
list of three songs you want to include.
5 Talk to other students and have similar
« My current favourites * Music to fall asleep to
conversations about music, films and books.
Try to use some of the expressions in bold from « That reminds me of... + Music for a romantic
Exercise 3. - Party music evening
* Music! can’t stand + | can’t get it out of my
head
Work in groups and compare your lists. Say as

much as you can about the songs you have chosen.
Ask extra questions to continue each conversation.
38
ALL-TIME CLASSICS PLAYLIST
The fop of any ailHime classic list has to be Hey Jude by the
Beaties. It’s a song you immediately want to sing along to. The
Beatles are the reason why | learnt English. Stuck Me is by The
Gimmies, a Japanese band. I've seen them live and they were
loud ond energetic - incredible. [Toshi, Japan]
Hey Jude THE BEATLES

Ree USM oo Mer ere Co fol Stuck Me THE GIMMIES
Tol Tet OMeSroLel
ale icsle g ag Ness Nowadays, oe
, NOW PLAYING
We aay Ceo Tou) ever to eral find and By ’ Communication
MeN OM OUT ENA mieet and occasion. Aen merta ‘ Breakdown
readers ‘a PN rel cute MC AMC Taste ee 183A 1B
| Feel Good THEEE BAT
THAT WAS A GREAT YEAR PLAYLIST Shake Some Action

THE FLAMIN’ GROOVIES
Starships by Nicki Minaj reminds me of 2012, which | spent
studying in Amsterdam. There were loads. of other foreigners
studying there and we became very close. We all werked hard, @@ :
but we partied hard as well, Whenever this song came on ata , MUSIC FOR MY WORST ENEMY PLAYLIST
party or club, we all jumped up and danced -it didn’t matter @&
how tired we were. There’s a great video that goes with it too.
This was dificult to choose. | hate that Céline Dion song that
| somefimes watch if online, [Corina, Germany]
was used in the film Titanic - My Heart Will Go On.| can't stand
“ia =comme;rcial pop music - it’s so sentimental. However, fhe worst |
oe TB Mek ue = is Gangnam Style by Psy. It reminds me of family weddings and
people doing the stupid dance. The problem is it's so caichy!
cacti i Rt fm =the other day | heard it as the ringtone on a mobile phone
Bom Bom te =and | couldn't get it out of my head all morning! It was really
SAM & THE WOMP tee annoying. [Kevin, Scotland]
Don't You Worry Child ata cee suey ey

Se] BO ar Nar
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Superstar TOY BOX
MUSIC WHEN I'M DOWN PLAYLIST

I've put Vivaldi’s The Four Seasons, but | actually only play MY FAMILY PLAYLIST WM
two seasons! The winier section is sad and moving and that Han . ; * ; We
sometimes matches my mood, but then | play the spring eh My dad's @ big jazz fan ae Soe nos Albretsbe Seine 5 Be
section because it's so uplifting. I'd actually like it played at my a ROCK TOUne personally, Ize BOCs: io Graining for me: | uss
funeral! There was life before me, there will be life after me, like ne it a eat x ae . ee ae ne me - :
spring that comes again after winter. SE ere ee ee be yon eee ON ioe meet
rata it to my younger brother and it always makes him laugh.
Julieta Venegas’ Limon Y Sai also. cheers me up. My husband Np : ¥ Me : § feta Mie is indi ~ dit
bought it for me. The lyrics basically say 'l love you however you fag [ONE MY Hana ls tor My Sis St Re s ser ne ee eee erro
;; you dont ; have to. change py [Kari, hapaChil
anything’ by a relatively new Hungarian band called Ivan & The Parazol
Soto . NS a Fated that we've been listening to a lot recently. They're going to be
big.
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[Natatia, Hungary]
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2 Read this short article and find the answers to
the questions in Exercise 1.
The idea of creating a list of World Heritage Sites

began in the 1950s when the ancient ruins of Abu
Simbel in Egypt were in danger from a plan to build
a dam and create a huge lake. The lake was going
to flood the Abu Simbel Temple and destroy it.
However, several countries worked together to save
the temples by cutting them up and moving them to
higher ground. The work involved archaeologists,
engineers and financial support from a number of
governments internationally. After this, an agreement
was signed by many countries to protect places which
are very important culturally or environmentally. Since
the 1970s, almost 1,000 places have been listed.
These include islands, lakes, mountains and rivers,
and everything from cave paintings to roman ruins,
medieval towns to churches and mosques, and even
early industrial buildings. The list is managed by the
United Nations organisation UNESCO.
3 You are going to do a quiz. Work in teams.

Watch the video and make notes to answer the
twelve questions you hear.
CY Watch the video to find the answers. Write
one new piece of information you hear for each.
The winner is the team with the most points,
3 : s but if it’s a draw, the team with the most extra
Work in pairs. Look at the photos and discuss information wins.
the questions. '
* Do you know where it is? Work in groups. Discuss the questions.
* What do you think happened here? Why? * Which three places would you most like to visit? Why?
* Do you know what World Heritage Sites are and who * Are there any you wouldn't want to visit? Why?
manages the list? - Do you know any other World Heritage Sites? Why are
What kinds of places are included on the list? they World Heritage Sites? Have you been to them?
What would you recommend as a new World
Heritage Site? Why?
REVIEW 2
VOCABULARY
6 Match the verbs (1-8) with the collocates (a-h).
1 go a Roman ruins
/ a royal palace
RAMMAR 2 go for b sailing

/ climbing
3 pour c byfire/in astorm
i Complete the text with one word in each space.
4 hire d my head
/ my leg
In March, I’m ' to Taghazout in Morocco for a
holiday. I'm really 2 surfing, and it’s supposed 5 restore e with rain
/ down
7 sébe one of the best places for surfing in the 6 match f my mood
/ the description
world. I've been surfing * about five years
now, but nowhere that has big waves like they do in 7 bang g abike/a boat
Taghazout, so |’m looking forward to testing myself. A 8 be destroyed h ameal/arun
friend of mine is thinking ° coming with me,
but he still hasn’t°____—«. We’ve known each other 7 Decide if these words and phrases are connected
i we were kids, but he only started surfing to places of interest, weather or sport.
a few months ® , so he feels he’s not quite
ready. I've told him he could go sightseeing instead blow away injure gallery stiff
as there are lots of interesting places all ® lively miserable humid freezing
the area. It's warm and sunny '° every day at unfit medieval warm up stalls
that time of year, so he could just lie on the beach and
get a suntan. Complete the sentences. Use the word in
Complete the second sentence so that it has a brackets to form a word that fits in the space.
similar meaning to the first sentence using the 1 It was absolutely last month so I'm glad it’s
word given. Do not change the word given. You cooling down now. (boil)
must use between four and five words, including 2 It's going to be nice and sunny, so we could go
the word given. _ if you like. (fish)
1 Before | started work, | read a lot more. 3 My first when | heard it was to start
| don’t read as . USED dancing. (react)
2 | goto the gym as much as | can. 4 It was a bit embarrassing because I’m ______ at
| go to the gym . CHANCE dancing. (use)
3 |joined the club ten years ago now. 5 | can’t get that song out of my head, it’s so
|___soof the club for ten years now. MEMBER . (catch)
4 We might go to see a show while we’re there. 6 | don’t listen to much pop music. | find it too
We ________—s to see a show while we're there. ARE . (repeat)
5 I've never been there, but I’ve heard it’s great. 7 She thought the film was really , but |
| haven't been there, but it great. BE thought it was too . (move, sentiment)
6 When did you start working here? 8 Since | had my I've lost quite a lot of
How ____—swhere now? WORKING . (injure, confident)
Choose the correct option. Complete the text with one word in each space.
1 A: Have you ever been to Europe? The first letters are given.
B: Yeah, | spent/ have spent some time in Spain a | went to Istanbul on holiday last year. We were a bit
few years ago. stupid, because we didn’t check the weather
2 A: What's the forecast for tomorrow? fo__—s—s before we went — we just assumed it was
B: They said it’s going to rain / raining most of the going to be *bo hot. When we arrived though,
day. it was quite 2gr. and cloudy and at night it
turned out to be quite “ch . We ended up
3 A: Do you have / Are you having any plans for the going to a street market to buy some extra clothes! The
weekend? city itself was fantastic. We stayed in the old
B: Yeah. We're going to / We will visit some friends Sdi__————s where you have the Topkapi °Pa
who live in Milan. where the Sultan lived and we went to see and pray in
4 A: Do you go/ Are you going to the cinema much? the famous Blue 7Mo . We also went up the
B: Hardly never/ ever. | usually just watch them on Galata *To which had fantastic views over
my computer. the city. And also to Taksim Square, where there is a
monument that °co the foundation of the
5 A: | played/ was playing basketball a lot but | gave
Turkish Republic. There was also great '°ni
up after | injured my knee.
in and around Taksim. We stayed out till five in the
B: How long have you played?/ did you play for?
morning one night. And | loved that mixture of old and
6 A: Do you ever eat out? / Have you ever eaten out? new. We went to a quite trendy restaurant which had a
B: Quite often — maybe once a/ every couple of glass floor over some ruins from the fifth
months. "ce ll definitely go there again. Even the
weather 'cl u by the end of our
Listen and write the six sentences you hear. week and it was lovely and sunny.
Write a sentence before and after the sentences
Review 2 41
+ talk about jobs and what they involve
* comment on people’s experiences
+ discuss rules and freedoms at work
+ talk about getting used to changes
* say longer chunks better
SPEAKING
i Work in pairs. Look at the photo and discuss
the questions.
« What do you think the people are doing?
« Where do you think it is? Why?
* What might be good or bad about this job?
2 Work in groups. Which of these jobs are

needed to get the tea leaves in the photo to
a person drinking the same tea in another
country? Explain why each job is needed.
labourer graphic designer trader

engineer programmer surgeon |
truck driver electrician sales rep |
civil servant lawyer security guard
plumber accountant estate agent |
a gee
Se
<Re
ae
i
,
THAT MUST BE STRESSFUL or

VOCABULARY Describing jobs 3 Work in groups. Look at the jobs on page 43 and
discuss these questions.
1 Work in pairs. Check you understand the words
Are the jobs good or bad jobs to have in your
and phrases in bold in the sentences below.
country at the moment? Why?
Then think of one job that each sentence could
describe. Do any of your friends or family do any of these jobs?
1 It's very competitive. Lots of people want to get into Who do they work for? Do they enjoy it?
that field and hundreds of people apply for each job.
It's very well-paid. He gets £60,000 a year as well as LISTENING
a bonus at the end of the year.
4 [EG Listen to two people — Amanda and Ivan -
It’s quite rewarding. You really help people and that
makes you feel good.
who have recently met. Answer the questions.
1 What do they do now?
It’s quite insecure. You're either self-employed or
have a temporary contract and it’s quite badly paid. 2 What jobs have they done in the past?
It's easy. You don’t have any real responsibility like 3 What are Ivan’s plans for the future? Why?
managing anyone. You do the job, go home and 4 How old are they both now?
forget about it.
You need to be quite creative. You have to think of a
5 [EMEEI Choose the correct option. Then listen
lot of new ideas and new ways of doing things. again and check your answers.
It’s very stressful. You’re under a lot of time 1 I'm involved in / on designing what you see on the
pressure. screen.
Physically, it's very demanding. You have to be How did you getting / get into that?
N
strong and fit. Vodafone were recruiting people so | applied/

Ww
It's very varied. You get to do lots of different things. replied and | got a job.
It’s a bit dull. It mainly involves admin and It's like any job. It has its boring moments / minutes.
f
paperwork. | basically sit at a desk all day. It depends if we have a deadline to complete / meet.
O1
2 Work in pairs. Answer the questions. That can’t / can be easy.

©
What's involved in applying for a job? | sometimes work better under / in pressure.
~~
WN =
What's the opposite of well-paid? Work in pairs. Discuss the questions.

Why might someone get a bonus? What do you think of Amanda’s job? Would you be
What other important responsibilities might a job any good at it? Why? / Why not?
&
have? Would you ever work for little or no money like Ivan?
What's the opposite of a temporary contract? Are there any jobs for life in your country? Do you
oO
What kinds of things might admin involve? think having a job for life is good?
fe LOPING CONVERSATIONS
BSS ee eee We often use must and can't + infinitive (without to) to
comment on other people’s experiences and feelings.
Must and can’t show that we think our comments are
Doing what? ‘definitely true / probably true, but we're not 100% sure.
When people reply to the question What do you do? by
talking about their company, place of employment or In sentences with a positive meaning, we use *must/ can't.
department, we often try to find out exactly what work they In sentences with a negative meaning, we use *must/ can’t.
do by asking Doing what? Notice the other useful phrases When we respond to comments using must or can't, we
in bold in the extract below: “often use / don’t often use the present simple. This shows
: So what do you do, Amanda? we *know/ believe but aren't sure these things are true.
A: | work for a mobile phone company. When responding, we ‘usually/ don't often repeat the
verbs and adjectives used in the comments.
: Oh yeah. Doing what?
A : | work in the design department. I’m involved in
(¢e Check your ideas on page 171 and do Exercise 1,
designing what you see on the screen.
10 Write comments on these sentences using must

7? Match the jobs (1-5) with the specific job and can’t.
descriptions (a-e). 1 I’m the sales manager for Europe. I’m in charge of
1 | work in the warehouse. thirty reps.
2 I'min the accounts department. 2 | travel a lot round Europe and the Middle East.
3 | work in human resources. 3 | care for people who are dying.
4 I'm in sales. 4 His wife's a tax lawyer for a top accountancy
5 | work in the marketing department. company.
a I mainly do admin, but sometimes I’m involved in 5 | really see my students develop and improve.
planning the campaigns. 6 Basically, | just sit in front of a screen all day.
b I’m the rep for the whole of the south of Italy. 7 | don’t have any work after this contract comes to an
c I doail the orders and get them ready for the end next month.
delivery. 8 They said they're going to give us all a bonus.
d I’m responsible for recruitment contracts and
working conditions.
e | deal with all the pay and finances. PRONUNCIATION
Use the language from the box above and i1 Listen to some possible comments on
Exercise 7 to have five conversations starting the sentencés in Rxercise'10, Nohceoeare
. ?
with What do you do: often don’t pronounce the ‘? in must or can’t.
* 4,
SETH |; ;
GRAMMAR 12 ek to the comments again and
Must and can’t for commenting
8 Look at these extracts from the conversation. 13. Workin pairs. Practice having three-part
Then choose the correct option to complete the conversations starting with the sentences from
rules in the Grammar box. Exercise 10.
A: | was 25 when | joined, so eight years. Time goes so A; I’m the sales manager for Europe. I’m in charge of
fast! thirty reps.
l: You must enjoy it. B: That must be interesting.
A: Yeah, | do generally. It’s quite varied. A: It is. | really love it.
A: Sometimes | do something like fifty or sixty hours a G For further practice, see Exercise 2 on page 172
week,
|; Really? That can’t be easy.
A; It’s actually fine. | mean, it is a bit stressful
sometimes, but you get used to it. 14 Choose one of these tasks.
a Work in pairs. Think of two jobs each. Take turns to
|; It’s almost a job for life. use language from this lesson to describe the job
A: Really? That must be very competitive. without saying what it is. Your partner should guess
the job.
I; Yeah, it is.
b Have conversations with other students and find
out about their jobs. Use language from this lesson.
Comment on what others say using must or can’t at
least once.
9 To watch the video and do the activities, see the DVD ROM
Unit 5 Working life 45

IT'S AGAINST THE RULES
LISTENING GRAMMAR
1 Look at the sentences below about rules at
work. Then work in groups and discuss these
questions. Talking about rules
+ Why do you think companies have these rules? When we talk about rules we generally use have to, can /
can't, be (not) allowed to, be (not) supposed to. We prefer
+ Do you think they are sensible and fair? to use these forms instead of must / mustn't because
must / mustn’t can sound too direct and rude.
1 Women have to wear skirts or dresses at work.
2 We have to agree holidays with our boss. We can’t 5 Look at these sentences from the conversations.
just take time off when we want.
Complete the statements below with the
3 We have to ask the admin assistant to make structures in bold.
photocopies for us. We can’t just do them ourselves.
a We’re certainly allowed to do it in our breaks.
4 We have to take our breaks at set times.
b Apparently, you’re not allowed to use the company
5 We have to wear a hard hat at all times. computers like that.
6 We can’t surf the web on company computers. You can’t even wear smart trousers.
7 We can't install any software on the company’s d You have to wear skirts!
computers.
e You’re supposed to arrange time off with me a
8 We can’t talk to each other while we're working. month in advance.
9 We can’t wear watches in the warehouse.
1 We often use or instead of
10 We can work from home one day a week. must.
2 Listen to three conversations about rules at 2 We often use or instead of

work. Match each conversation (A-C) to one of mustn't.
the rules in Exercise 1. 3 Weoftenuse____—_instead of can.
3 Choose the correct option. Then listen 4 We often use when the rule has just been
again and check your answers. broken or is often not followed.
1 Apparently, he’s been given a writing / written ‘e Check your ideas on page 172 and do Exercise 1.
warning,
2 He was always sending person / personal emails. 6 Replace the words in italics with the correct
form of be allowed to, be supposed to or have to.
3 He somehow got a computer virus and then it
infected the whole / ail system. 1 One other rule we have is that you mustn’t smoke on
any part of the company property — inside or outside.
I've got this new job working in a law/ lawyer firm.
a
2 Is there a dress code? Can / wear make-up or

What if you can’t wear something for religion /
ol
jewellery?
religious or health reasons?
3 | mustn’t help you. It’s against the rules, but for you,
| don’t know. | guess they make / give an exception.
I'll make an exception.
On D
Can | have a quick / fast word?

4 Our contract says we must be in the office a
Listen, I'd like to take the day out / off on Friday. minimum of 35 hours a week. They're very strict
I’ve asked you at short/ recent notice before and it about it.
oO
hasn't been a problem. 5 Must you work at weekends, if the company asks
you to?
Work in pairs. Who do you have more sympathy
with in each conversation — the company or the 6 Other people can’t work from home, but they made
an exception in my case because of my heart
workers? Why?
problem.
7 We sometimes must work late or at the weekend, but
we can take time off the following week if we do.
8 I’m sorry, but only senior staff can use these toilets.
You must go to the ones downstairs.
7? Work in pairs. Decide if you are going to talk
about rules where you work, where you study or
at home. First, work on your own and think of
the following: . [po NoT JUMP ovT
; sige of WINDOW
* tworules you like / don’t like — and why
+ tworules which are often broken
» two questions for your partner about rules where
they work / study
Now work with your partner, compare your

ideas and ask each other questions.
‘¢ For further practice, see Exercise 2 on page 172.
VOCABULARY Work rules and laws

= Complete the sentences below with these pairs
of words. Underline the other words that go with
each word. The first one is done for you.
against + discrimination fined + ignored

banned + unpopular changed + fire
breaking + fine Fequirement+-enforce
court + won introduced + reduce
1 Itis actually a legal requirement to pay the minimum

wage, but the government doesn’t do enough to
enforce the law.
2 The company was found guilty of
environmental laws so they had to pay a huge
3 The company _____ the use of social media

during work hours, which was quite an
decision.
4 The government has _____ employment laws,
so it is easier for companies to hire and
people.
5 The company was____——_—sdbecause it had
health and safety rules and had put its ‘No, | did not have a good day at the office, you
workers at risk. know that’s against the rules.’
6 The workers took the company to
because they had been exposed to dangerous
chemicals and they ____ their case.
7 They recently _____ new rules about accepting
gifts because they’re trying to____——scorrruption.
8 It's__ sth law to discriminate against women,
but it doesn’t mean that___ doesn’t still
happen at work.

* Have you heard of any companies being taken to
court? Who by? Why? Who won the case?
*» What employment laws do you know? Do you think
they are good? Why? / Why not?
+ How strict are health and safety rules in your
country? Is that good or bad? Why?
EXxcEPTIG0s =
+ Would you like to see any rules / laws introduced or
relaxed? Which ones? Why?
Q aloo
+ Is there much discrimination in your country? Against
who?

SOMEONE HAS T0 DO IT
READING Read the rest of the article about four terrible
modern jobs. Match the sentences below to the
1 Workin groups. Read the introduction of the jobs. Sometimes there is more than one possible
magazine article below and discuss the questions. answer. Underline the parts of the article
* How much free time do you have? Is it more or less that help you decide. Then work in pairs and
than in the past? Why? compare your ideas.
«+ Give an example of one terrible job from the a The hours are very long.
past that has disappeared. Why do you think it b Someone had a good relationship with their
disappeared? co-workers.
« Think of one job where you: People shout at and insult the workers.
- risk injury.
Or os 1
- are exposed to chemicals or dirt. The workers risk catching a disease.
Qe
- might die of boredom. Someone has an injury as the result of work.
Someone feels stuck in their job.
TERRIBLE JOBS
Someone finds the work rewarding.
h People are paid quite well for the hours they do.
Rank the jobs in the article from 1 (= best) to 4

(= worst). Then work in groups. Compare your
lists and explain your decisions.
For over a century, people have been predicting that
technology would give us more free time: we could eat
pills instead of cooking, robots would clean our houses,
the Internet would mean none of us would have to Stress-reducing plants in a Chinese call centre
waste time travelling to work. Technology would also
solve other nasty problems, so no-one would have to do
dangerous, dirty or dull work to earn money, That was
the prediction! Sadly, it's not quite worked out that way.
In many countries, people are working more hours than
fifty years ago. Some terrible jobs may have disappeared:
for example, we don’t make the colour purple with rotting
seafood anymore! However, there are still plenty of bad
jobs left — jobs in which you may risk injury, be exposed
to chemicals and dirt or maybe just die of boredom!
1
Hundreds of people take part in drug trials every year.
For between €45 and €4,500, they take a new drug to test
for any side effects, such as vomiting or headaches. Some
students join these drug trials as a relatively quick and
easy way of earning money. John Spiral, a history student
from Dublin, regularly does them. ‘You might go to the
hospital three or four times, maybe eight hours ‘work’. | Picking through the rubbish
had a really upset stomach once, and another time I got
strange red marks on my skin, but thats all. Usually its
fine, and you're helping science, which benefits everyone!’
2
Embalmers preserve dead bodies in preparation for
funerals. They work anything up to 50 hours a week
for a salary of around £15,000 a year, far less than the
national average. They spend most of the day on their feet
and generally work bent over a table. They also have to
work with very strong-smelling chemicals. ‘I suffer from
backache, but the job’ not as bad as you might think,’
says Frank McCreary. ‘I’m even used to the smell now —
I don’t even notice it. And of course the families of the
dead are usually very grateful for the job I've done, which
is obviously a big motivation for me.’
48
4 The chunks in bold below are all used in the UNDERSTANDING VOCABULARY
article. Find the missing words to complete them.
1 The company has developed a relatively
and_____ way of treating the disease.
Be used to and get used to
2 |’m taking a course preparation Be used to shows a habit or situation is normal for us
the civil service exams. because of our experience, but others might think of it as
3 Working in the warehouse is not as bad as you difficult. Be used to can be followed by a noun or an -ing
. We have some fun. form.
4 Apparently, evenlow___ss SS sSttress I'm even used to the smell now — | don’t even notice it.
can increase the risk of heart attacks. Get used to shows a change from being difficult to
5 I've been rushing around so much, I’ve had becoming normal or easy.
to think about this meeting, | got used to it after a while, but my wife never did!
6 I'm working in a factory for minimum
, SO | can’t afford to rent a flat on my own. 6 Complete the exchanges by putting the words in
7 |'m surprised she’s decided to accept a job there. brackets into the correct order.
She could__———_—sébbettter herself! 1 A: It must be difficult getting up so early.
B: Oh, (to / I'm / it / used). | had to get up
at five in my last job.
* What quick and easy ways of making money do you
2 A: How are you finding the new job?
think there are?
B: Itis difficult, but (getting / slowly / to /
+ What are the three most important things you should it/ I'm / used). The people | work with are being
learn in preparation for adult life? very supportive.
+ Do you know what the minimum wage is in your 3 A: How are you finding your new job?
country? What do you think of it? B: Not that good, to be honest. | hate sitting at a
desk all day, but | need the money, so | guess
+ Do you know anyone who could do better for (to / I'll / get / used / to / just/ have / it).
themselves? In what way?
OS
-
Sa
a ee
ae
=
a
—
i
0 4 A: How do you find working shifts?
B: OK, although it (get / to /me/a/ while /
used / took / to) working nights. | couldn't sleep
during the day to begin with, but it’s fine now.
5 A: How do you find working nights? It must be quite
3 CALL CENTRE WORKER difficult.
Many banks and other companies have call centres abroad B: It was to begin with, yeah, but___— (it/
where customers can ring for information or to complain. totally / now/ I’m / to / used).
Levels of stress among workers are very high. They often 6 A: How are you finding your new job?
work in cramped conditions, have to stare at a computer B: The job’s OK, but | hate the journey to work.
all day, and have little opportunity to laugh or joke with (lll / think / don’t / ever /1/ used /to/
their co-workers. get) the crowded trains!
One worker, from an Indian call centre, said, ‘We get
quite a lot of abuse. I can't repeat what some people
scream at us. Often there is nothing you can do about PRONUNCIATION |
their complaint, so they slam down the phone, but then
you have no time to think before another person calls you 7 When learning to say longer chunks,
straightaway. I don’t think I'll ever get used to it. I'd like it helps to say them a bit at a time, starting
to leave, but the money's quite good and there’ a lot of from the end. Listen to and then repeat J guess
competition for jobs here in Mumbai.’ I'll have to get used to it divided into bits.
8 Practise saying the other be used to and get
used to phrases in Exercise 6. Then work in
- 7% reais rr
OF F VP} ; ING pI. A NY Tr WInn Bd er be?
REL rt ULI WURRCH
pairs and practise reading out the exchanges.
You're supposed to sort your own rubbish and put glass in
one bag, paper in another, but unfortunately many people
still don't do this, So workers in a recycling plant have to
find the recyclable items from a big pile of rubbish, and all
SPEAKING
for the minimum wage. ‘You're just dirty all the time and 9 Think about the biggest change you have had in
you go home smelling,’ says Solomon Iwenofu, an ex-plant your life. Make notes about the following. Then
worker. ‘I got used to it after a while, but my wife never work in groups and tell your stories.
did!’ Apart from the smell, there are dangers in handling « when and why it happened
everything from dirty nappies to rotting meat and used
syringes. ‘I got on really well with my co-workers and we * how you felt about the change
often joked about things we found, but we also knew you + what was good about the change
can get hepatitis or other serious illnesses if you're not
* what was difficult and how you got used to it
careful.’ Luckily for Solomon, it was only a temporary job.
‘It helped me when I first came to America, but | always « how you feel about that change now
knew I could do better for myself and my family.’

Le Reme amd
Eee Ir be ein
talk about phones and phone companies
compare products
describe what people are wearing
discuss shopping habits
describe souvenirs and presents
negotiate a good price
SPEAKING
+t | Work in pairs. Look at the photo and discuss
ten ATY \ ae the questions.
ac ts
=
SabAGAE AGILE ta 1 ee
Live
.
ATA
tig P
+ Where do you think this photo was taken?
- ot
Do you have any places like this where you live?
a RE
~ , ‘ - .
Do you ever go there?
a ae in
PO dal ae hed _ om ae " What do you think is good / bad about shopping in
Par
wo ae ~S \ sea)
ME i se
What kinds of things do you most / least like
. . shopping for?
What was the last thing you bought?
no
Pe eee
at wry ware way,
vt
Pa ren
| we ,
aay | a
t ee
Ee
a
J = P
wt
= rn.
Le
y
Soll
TIME TO UPGRADE:
VOCABULARY Sm artphones 3 Work with a new partner. Discuss the questions.
- How often do you upgrade?
1 Complete the sentences with the correct form of
these verbs. + How long does your battery usually last?
- Do you use the camera on your phone much? What
| charge navigate sign swipe tap do you take photos of most?
ast sien acre ac Bpgrade « Who are you with? Why did you choose that
?
1 My phone’s out of date. |really wantto___————stto COMpERY
the latest version. Its operating system is better. + What kind of deal do you have?
2 It’s not a bad phone, but the battery only
a few hours. LISTENING
3 The camera on it is amazing. It_______ great high
quality pictures 4 Listen to a conversation in a mobile phone
shop. Complete the table about the two different
4 It uses a touch ID system, so you don't need a phones discussed. Then work in pairs and
password. Youjust______———_—sryourr finger across the compare your answers.
screen to unlock it.
5 They persuaded meto____———_—saa two-year $620 N570
contract, but | really want to get out of it now. asia
ont ayments
6 Canl plug my phone in here?! needto__—_it. y pay
The battery's almost dead. Screen fairly small
7 \f you want to turn the voice recognition on, you
just______ this icon here. Battery life
8 The screen is beautifully designed. It’s really easy to Camera (megapixels)
your way round.
| 9 Itcan____—_—suup to 50 voicemails at a time. Sereue Copacny
10 I’m with Vodafone at the moment, but if another Speakers fairly small
company could___ a better deal, I’d switch.
Py Number of minutes /
2 Look at the chunks in bold in Exercise 1. Work in texts per month first
pairs and think of three ways each chunk could offered
be changed.
1 | really want to upgrade to the latest version. 5 What was the final deal the customer was
; offered? Would you accept this offer? Why? /
| should upgrade to the latest version. Why not?
| really want to upgrade to the ePhoneS5.
I'd like to upgrade to business class.
52
4 | feel for safer/ a tiny bit safer/ fess
sat when *
GRAMMAR have my mobile phone with me.
=a 2
=~ ~ 5 For me, when it comes to choosing a phone, battery
gl
life is a lot more important than / a tiny bit more
Comparisons important than / not as important as the brand.
When we want to compare two things, we use a number 6 Now so many people have smartphones, the quality
of different patterns with adjectives or nouns. We can also of life is way better/ quite a lot better / slightly better /
modify comparatives with words like far and slightly to a bit worse than it was in the past.
show how big the difference is.

Answer the questions below.
a The camera is much more powerful.
SEOELSI
ES SIS
SS —- nae
b It’s a bit easier to navigate. an ae ae
SSS EON.
¢ The other phone uses a polymer battery, which isn’t Avoiding repetition
as good. To talk about the differences between things, we often use
d The screen folds out, so it’s about twice the size of one / ones to avoid repeating the noun. To join contrasting
your current phone's. parts of the sentences together, we often use whereas /
while.
e It’s about twice as big as the speaker you currently
have. And then the camera is much more powerful. This one is
32 megapixels, whereas the one on the S620 is just 15;
1 Why does the comparative adjective in a) use more,
but the comparative in b) doesn’t? 9 Match the two parts of the sentences.
2 Which word used before the adjective shows a big 1 This phone comes with a nice protective cover,
difference?
This one only has 100 megabytes of memory,
3 Which phrase used before the adjective shows a
WN
This one is only £43.99,

small difference?
These phones are on special offer,
4 Do you know any other words that show how big /
Oomph
These ones all use a touch ID system,

small a difference is?
You can store up to 500 messages on this one,
5 Which sentence is a negative comparison? Which
structure is used? whereas this one is £85.
®
o0oaoo0on0o
6 How are the structures in bold in d) and e) different whereas this one has 250.
from each other? Why? whereas this one doesn’t.
‘4 Check your ideas on page 173 and do Exercise 1. while that one only has room for 250.
while those just use a password, which isn’t as
7 The words in italics in these sentences about secure.
the two phones are factually incorrect. Correct f while those ones aren't.
them, then listen again and check your answers.
10 Work in groups. Compare the features of any
1 The N570 offers a slightly better user experience.
phones you have. Find at least three ways in
2 The N570 isn’t as easy to navigate as the S620. which each one is different from the others. Use
3 The lithium-ion battery lasts a tiny bit longer than the one / ones and whereas / while.
other one.
4 The camera on the N570 is almost twice as powerful. CONVERSATION PRACTICE
5 The $620 can store far more photos than the N570.
il Work in pairs. You are going to roleplay a
6 The speaker on the N570 Is a bit smaller. conversation in a mobile phone shop.
Make the sentences below true for you by Student A: you are a customer. Read File 4 on
choosing the best words in italics. Then work in page 188.
pairs and share your ideas. Explain as much as
you can about each one. Student B: you are a salesperson. Read File 8 on
page 189.
1 I'm less / slightly more / much more interested in
technology than | was five years ago. 12 Now roleplay the conversation. Use as much
2 Sending texts is not as easy as / far easier than / a language from this lesson as you can.
bit easier than calling someone.
10 To watch the video and do the activities, see the DVD ROM.
3 Using mobiles while driving is a Jot more dangerous
than / a bit more dangerous than / as dangerous as /
not as dangerous as drink driving.
Unit 6 Buying and selling 53

SHOP TILL YOU DROP
VOCABULARY Clothes and accessories 6 With your partner, look at File 9 on page 189.
Calculate your scores and read the descriptions.
1 Work in pairs. Tell each other as much as you Is the description of you accurate? Why? /
can about the clothes and accessories you are Why not?
wearing at the moment. Think about:
why you chose them. Match the definitions below to the words in
italics in the questionnaire.
where you got them.
1 something that doesn’t follow — or that breaks —
* how long you've had them. a rule
With your partner, decide which is the odd one a set of clothes that you wear together
out in each group. Explain your decisions.
WN
buying things in order to make yourself feel happy
necklace / bracelet / chain / belt / ring something far more expensive than it should be
—
top / shirt / jacket / skirt / jumper
ork
without getting what you wanted
fh WN
OO
jeans / trousers / earrings / tracksuit bottoms / leggings old but valuable because it’s in great condition and
slippers / trainers / sandals / boots / high heels it’s rare or unusual
scarf/ gloves / T-shirt / wool hat / thick socks 7 ina situation where you owe money
scruffy / trendy / smart / cool / nice 8 unattractive and bad quality
colourful / stripy / tight / bright/ plain / checked Work in pairs. Invent a very short story using
N
How many of the things in Exercise 2 can you six of the words in Exercise 7. Then tell it to
see in your classroom? Which do you like best? another pair.
Why?
Work in pairs. Say what you think of the way the
SPEAKING
people in the photos are dressed. Use some of the 9 Work in groups. Discuss the questions.
language from Exercise 2 and the phrases below. * How much pressure do you think there is on young
people to have expensive products and designer
* That top / shirt doesn’t fit him / her properly, brands? Where does the pressure come from? Do
+ Those trainers / socks (don’t) really suit him / her. you worry about it at all? Why? / Why not?
* Those trainers (don't) really match / (don't) really go * Is debt an issue in your country? Why?
with that / those ... * Do you ever check where / how the things you buy
were produced?
Do you buy much online? Is online shopping
READING an effect on shops in your country? How?
having
5 Read the questionnaire opposite about attitudes to * Can you think of any shops that have had bad
shopping, fashion and money. Circle the answers publicity because of the way they make / get their
that are most true for you. Then work in pairs. products — or the way they run their business? What
Compare your answers and explain your choices. happened?
Have you ever lied to someone about 10 Do you ever buy designer brands?
the price of something?
a Never. They're a rip-off. You're just
Yes. | didn’t want them to realise how paying for the label.
little I'd spent. b Sometimes — especially if they are in
No, never. Why should |? the sales.
Yes. | didn't want them to realise how c All the time. Designer brands are just
much I'd spent. better.
When you include trainers, boots and 11 Do you believe in retail therapy?
sandals, how many pairs of shoes do
a Not at all. Buying things doesn’t make
you own? you happy.
5 pairs or fewer. b Shopping isn’t the first thing | think of
6-19 pairs. to cheer myself up, but it does work
I've lost count. It must be at least 20. sometimes.
c Absolutely. If I'm feeling down, going
Do you have any clothes you only shopping or buying something always
How keen on shopping are you?
cheers me up.
wear at home?
Not at all. | find it boring and often
stressful. | avoid it if | can. Yes, they have holes in, but they're OK to
12 Have you ever had to buy an extra
It’s OK if you go with friends, or have wear around the house.
bag to bring home all the purchases
nothing else to do. Yes. They’re not fashionable, but they're you made on holiday?
Very. | go all the time. | love it. comfortable.
No. You never know who will call at your a Never. Holidays are supposed to be
house. | always look my best. relaxing and the last thing | want to do is
What's the most important thing go shopping.
when you buy clothes? b Once | did, but it was an exception.
Do you have any clothing you haven't
They're cheap. worn much? c lusually make sure | have plenty of
They will last a long time. space in my luggage before | go because
Not really, but | have one outfit | only wear | know I'll do loads of shopping.
They look good on me.
on special occasions.
Yes. It doesn’t fit me at the moment, but it 13 Do you ever buy second-hand
if you see something you really like,
will once | lose some weight! clothes?
but can’t really afford, what do you do?
Yes. One piece still has the price tag on.
| just do without it. | don’t really need it a Only if they fit me OK and they’re really
anyway. cheap!
9 Are there any shops you normally
| save up and buy it when | have enough b No. | can't stand the idea of wearing
avoid going to?
money or when it’s in the sales. something that someone else wore
Yes, because | don’t like the politics before me!
| buy it with a credit card. | don’t mind
connected with the shop. c Of course! You can find some incredible
being in debt for a week or two.
No, not really. | sometimes vintage clothes in second-hand shops.
worry about how things
If you go shopping and come back
were made, but | also 14 How often do you look at fashion
empty-handed, how do you feel?
love a bargain! magazines?
A bit frustrated, but | like to shop around Not really. | don't a
for the best bargains and sometimes it a Never. They are stupid. A complete
really like shops full
takes time. waste of time.
of cheap, nasty
| don’t mind. Sometimes it’s nice just to clothes, but b Sometimes. If they are in a waiting room
go window-shopping. they’re still worth or someone else has bought them, | like
looking in. to have a look.
| never come back empty-handed! What’s
the point of going shopping if you don’t c |reguiarly buy them.
buy anything?
Unit 6 Buying and selling

SOUVENIR SHOP
SPEAKING
1 Work in pairs. Look at the photos and discuss the questions.
+ What part of the world do you think each of the souvenirs is from?
* How much would you pay for each of these things? Why?
* How would you put the souvenirs in order from the best to the worst?
VOCABULARY Describing souvenirs LISTENING

and presents 5 EHEC] Listen to four people talking about gifts
2 Put the words in the box into three groups: and souvenirs. Match each speaker (1-4) to one
of the following. There are two you do not need.
1 material
Which person:
2 how things are produced
threw away the gift?
@
3 object
collects magnets to put on their fridge?
CG
carved leather printed silk woven wasn’t pleased with a gift?

clay magnet plastic mask straw was given a useful souvenir?
Gs
doll pot wood glass model

prefers food or drink as souvenirs?
2 30)
wool handmade = rug painted scarf

talk about a souvenir breaking?
3 Work in pairs. Describe the things in the photos
using words from Exercise 2.
Work in pairs. Discuss which speakers had
these souvenirs, where each souvenir was from
4 Work with a new partner. What objects do you and how the speakers described them. Listen
have that are made of the materials in Exercise 2? again and check your ideas.
Tell your partner about them.
an apron a model a paperweight
a drink pannetone a tie
56
7 Workin groups. Discuss the questions. 5 My flatmates think I’m a bit weird because | keep a
« What are typical souvenirs from your country? bear my bed, but | don’t care. It
means a lot to me. (teddy / cute / yellow)
« Do you agree that the best souvenirs are things you
can consume? Why? / Why not? 6 When | was on holiday in Tanzania, | bought this
mask a devil. It’s on my wall at
« Do you think the designer is being ungrateful not home. (hand-carved / wood / amazing)
wanting the gifts?
« What's the most useful souvenir you’ve bought or
10 Complete the sentences with your own ideas.
been given? Use a noun phrase. Then work in groups and
share your ideas.
+ Have you ever got upset about breaking something?
What was it? What happened? 1 My favourite piece of clothing is ...
2 When | was on holiday in ... | bought ...
GRAMMAR 3 My most precious possession is ...
Noun phrases
We often add information before and after a noun to help DEVELOPING SES ATIONS
describe it. This longer group of words is called a noun
22S OO 12S
- sf|
phrase.
ihe
f
“egctethe | prices
8 Look at how some nouns from the listening are When you buy souvenirs and other things, you may need
added to. Then work in pairs and decide if the to negotiate a price. Seller and buyers often use common
statements below are true. phrases to justify the price they offer.
The student bought me a tie.
®@
My wife’s student bought me a tie. ii Decide if a seller or a buyer would say

Oo
these phrases. Then listen to a negotiation about

My wife’s student bought me a silk tie. a leather jacket and check your ideas.
A
My wife’s student bought me a horrible silk tie.

1 That's very expensive.
a
My wife’s student bought me a horrible bright silk tie. It’s top quality.
a7?
WN
My wife’s student bought me a horrible bright silk tie It’s genuine.

with a picture.
It'll last forever.
g My wife’s student bought me a horrible bright silk tie
DOR
with a picture of the Great Wall on it. | won’t make any money like that.
I've seen similar ones that are cheaper.
1 The compound noun silk tie describes a kind of silk —
NOT a kind of tie. | don't have much money left.
on
2 Both nouns in the compound noun silk tie can be Take it or leave it. | can’t go lower than that.
made plural (i.e. si/ks ties).
12 Write three more things either the buyer or seller
3 We use ’s to talk about a particular person or thing might say to justify their price.
belonging to or connected to a particular person,
animal or organisation.
4 The general rule for the order of adjectives is opinion PRONUNCIATION
first and then facts such as size or colour.
5 We can add information after the noun using phrases 13 Listen to some pairs of numbers and
that start with different prepositions (e.g. with, of, notice the change in intonation when we
from, in, etc.) express surprise. Then listen again and repeat.
(¢ Check your ideas on page 173 and do Exercise 1. 14 Work in pairs. Look at Track 31 on page 200
and decide who will take which role. Read out
9 Put the words in brackets into the correct order the conversation, using intonation to express
before the nouns. Add correct prepositions after surprise where necessary. Then change roles
the nouns where necessary. and repeat.
1 My favourite piece of clothing is a____ hat
Peru that my dad bought for me. (lovely/
wool) SPEAKING
2 My most precious possession is my ring. 15 Work in pairs.
(gold / grandmother's / old)
3 People there often cook in pots Student A: you are a tourist thinking of buying one
a top like a kind of chimney. (clay / wonderful) of the things in the photos in this lesson.
4 | recently bought this coat the Student B: you are the seller.
winter. (leather / nice / brown)
Negotiate the price.
Unit 6 Buying and selling 57

-
3 hs
Work in pairs and look at the photo. What kind CORES Work in pairs. Which of the things in
of place do you think it is? What are the people Exercise 2 does the word it refer to in each
selling? sentence? Watch again to check your ideas.
Check you understand the words in bold below. 1 Someone... turned it into a target and just started
Which of the following is good advice for selling shooting at it ...
in a place like this? Why? / Why not? 2 ... there’s some stickers that have an ‘O’ and a ‘K’ on
1 Don’t try to sell things that are broken or ‘garbage’ them throughout the frame. Erm, | had four on it. |
would probably take three on it.
2 Be quite aggressive and decisive when negotiating.
3 ... everything is set up right. It's organised. It's
3 Don’t worry about having a display that is very disciplined.
organised or disciplined.
4 |like the colour. | like the beat-up look. | think it was
4 Make sure you have a price tag on everything. a fair deal.
5 Put the most expensive things at the front of the 5 ... if you came here like an hour ago, it was empty or
stall. nothing sitting on top of it ...
6 Always give a price that is higher than you think it’s
worth. Work in groups. Discuss the questions.
» Are there any similar markets where you live?
CORES Watch a reality TV show where two men
are selling things in a flea market to raise money + Do you like looking round these kinds of markets?
Why? / Why not?
with the help of an expert. Complete the table
for the two men. + Would you be any good at selling in a flea market?
+ What reality shows like this do you have on TV?
| Steve (man in
| Trent (man with Do you watch any? Why? / Why not?
| white T-shirt) cowboy hat)
Raising
| money
buy a boat |
| UNDERSTANDING FAST SPEECH
10 <3 6 (IEPA Read and listen to this extract from the
Best sale $2 for | $4 for
video said at natural pace and then slowed
3 | 5 | down. To help you, groups of words are marked
with / and pauses are marked //. Stressed
Fails to | a trunk | ¢ sounds are in CAPITALS.
sa white chairs
I've ACtually seen OTHer things that are THIS / BUllet /
Apollo 11 toy
SCULpted // KIND of appeal / and its JUST inCREdible
Good negotiates well good ’ that this / GOssamer OBject / HOlds toGEther AFter
salesman — organised and
having been abUSed / for // you know / HUNdreds of
disciplined
i re | YEARS // with BUllets shot through it / so // it’s GREAT
Bad 8 | Not decisive enough |
aalestrion shouldn't put Now you have a go! Practice saying the extract
at natural pace.
| _———0n |
38
sentences you hear.
4 [EE Listen and write the six
R FY | EW 3
VOCABULARY
GRAMMAR . . }
5 Match the verbs
1 take
i) =)
(1-8) with the collocates (a—h).
a to chemicals / to huge risks
1 Complete the dialogue with one word in each 2 Gonos b 500 voicemails / up to 32GB
space. Contractions count as one word. ; é'
A: What do you do? 3 introduce c my phone’ to the latest version
; 4 sign d alot of abuse / used to it
B: | work '____s a construction company. z en :
A: Oh yeah, 2 what? store e the rules / health and safety
; aoe 6 upgrade f anewrule/ an offer for customers
B: I’m an electrician. ae : :
t rt/i eave it
A: Really? | thought most electricians are self-employed. 3 Bis : ee eon a. ‘ : ;
t iX- contract
B: Yeah, they are. | mean | was, but with this job my 2° Sees : ——
hours are a *________ more regular. | “_____ 6 Decide if these words are connected to work,
have to work weekends very often. Obviously, the phones or clothes.
money isn’t ® good, But | don’t mind that.
A: So do you do any private work? admin icon gloves tap |
: 5 6 : = plug rewarding thick bonus |
B: We're not®____stto, but | do occasionally — for plain Swine demanding tight |
people | know, usually.
A: So it’_______ be a big company you work for. 7 Complete the sentences. Use the word in
B: Yeah, it®_____. It’s huge. They're involved brackets to form a word that fits in the space.
2 alll sorts of projects here and abroad, so |
1 There’s alegal_______—_— to give workers two weeks’
get to travel a bit. holiday pay. (require)
* 10 j
A: You _________ enjoy that. 2 The government doesn’t do enough to enforce the
B: |''__HsSE sometimes, but it depends where it is laws. (employ)
i 12
and if'| “____ get back home for the weekend. 3 There's still a lot of against women in the
2 Complete the second sentence so that it has workplace. (discriminate)
a similar meaning to the first sentence using 4 | could never be a security guard in a museum. I'd
the word given. Do not change the word given. die of ____. (bore)
You must use between three and five words, 5 Being a waiter isn’t a great job but it’s
including the word given. well-paid when you include the tips. (relative)
1 The company dress code doesn’t allow jeans. 6 My main is to make sure everyone gets
We____ saat work. CAN’T paid on time. (responsible)
2 When we go to the toilet we mustn't leave our desks 7 We got this beautiful painting on holiday.
for more than five minutes. It really brightens up the room. (colour)
We _____a toilet break of more than five 8 | bouaht thi : k f d
minutes. ALLOWED a is amazing mask ___ from wood.
3 | really shouldn’t leave before six, but | could maybe

go at five. 9 | normally don’t let my kids buy what they want, but
'm______ until six, but | could maybe go at five. | made an _______ this time. (except)
STAY 10 | got into this field when it was still new, but it’s far
4 On this one, the design’s nicer but the battery life is more ________ these days. (compete)
sah ae ie one. — oie 8 Complete the text with one word in each space.
i , the design's nicer bu .
doesn’t_____ on the other one. LAST ’
firste letters
|
are a OSs .
|’
5 Paris has around ten million people, compared with oo Sand ee a 2
about twenty million in Mexico City. 264 a Seas we are under pr : to improve
Mexico city is _______ Paris. SIZE sales year on year, but generally | love it because
3 Complete the sentences by putting the words in ee AG ae — | travel and speak to lots of
brackets in the correct order. TCEEAE eee
: I’m quite unusual in that | left school when | was sixteen.
! anes —_—— [nice / really ‘scarf/ | AOER as a°*la________ on building sites for a
F f couple of years but | only had temporary work so it was
2 They sell a lot of _______(Big Ben / tacky / of/ very ®in_____. So then | got a job in one of the
plastic / models). supermarket's 7wa______. It was still quite hard but
3 She was wearing a (‘Peace’ / blue / at least | had a permanent ®co_____. After a while
with / T-shirt / scruffy / written) on it. | started °*ma____— a small team. | always thought |
& ee eae) , could do "*be____sfor myself, so | ''ap
ike the leather jacket, but I've seen for the company’s management training scheme and
(that / ones / far / cheaper /similar / are). they "of me a place. It’s taken me twenty
5 His favourite piece of clothing is__.__——_— (a / shirt / years to get to my current position.
name / Barcelona / classic / with / Messi’s) on it.
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- describe courses, schools, teachers and students
« show you believe or sympathise with what people

tell you
+ talk about possible future plans or situations
+ discuss different aspects of education
+ form and say different words from the same root
SPEAKING
1 Work in groups. Look at the photo of an
old Canadian schoolroom and discuss the
questions.
« Why do you think these things are there?
3 (
J
<
&
- the painting above the teacher
- the piano
o Bees - the pointed hat by the desk
- the bell on the teacher's desk
cok Boni,
it
) - the books on the teacher's desk
+ Are there any similarities between this classroom
ag i and classrooms you've studied in?
#,
4;
* How has education changed over recent years?
iy,
4 We ‘e «+ Do you think these changes have been for the
a. better or for the worse? Why?
6 , 4, rb
.
Siler, 2
es
tee
Fits Se ee
Ae aa Y pee
f= 2
EE NE OSS
HOW'S YOUR COURSE GOING?
VOCABULARY Describing courses 6 Think of four things you might get training in at work.
7 What things might help you maintain or increase your
1 Match the questions (1-8) with the answers
motivation on a course?
(a—-h). Check you understand the words and
phrases in bold. With your partner, look at these different types
1 Why are you doing it? of courses and training. Tell your partner
How's it going? about any that you have done. Ask each other
questions like those in Exercise 1.
DN
How was it taught?

BW
Did you enjoy it? | a degree course IT training

What were the tutors like? | a postgraduate course first-aid training
| an evening course
OW
leadership training
Did you have much coursework?
| an online course training in using a machine
Did you find it useful?
ON
How is it assessed?
25% of the overall mark is on the coursework and

LISTENING
®
the rest is on the final exam. 4 (9EZA Listen to two colleagues on a break at
b They've introduced a new system at work so we're work. They talk about a course the woman is
all getting training in how to use it. doing. Take notes about the following:
c I'm struggling a bit, to be honest. | failed my last 1 type of course
module so | can’t afford to fail another.
how they learn
NY
d Yes and no.! guess it was good for my CV, but it

wasn’t relevant to my current work as | never use tutors and students
W
Excel. length of course

ob
e They were very encouraging and gave us a lot of assessment & qualification
feedback.
f It was all done through workshops, so it was all very Do you think the course will be good for her
practical. career or not? Why? / Why not?
g Well, | started out quite keen, but | lost a bit of
Listen again and complete the sentences
motivation as | wasn’t making much progress.
with three words in each space.
h Yeah, it was quite demanding. We had regular
assignments and the seminars involved a lot of 1 Well, you learn . You know, how to listen
reading beforehand too. and guide people through problems.
2 It’s very practical. | mean, we have some
2 Work in pairs and answer the questions. Use a which are about theory ...
dictionary to help you if you need to.
3 Great. They’re all very , but they present
1 What might you do for an assignment? Apart from things in a very clear way.
have, what other verbs can go with assignment?
4 Well, there are one or two guys that aren’t as
2 Why might you struggle on a course? What's the supportive
opposite of struggling on a course?
5 | can imagine. You want____!
3 If tutors are encouraging, what do they say to you?
6 | think there are eleven weeks left. It’s —
Think of two more adjectives to describe a tutor.
an evening a week.
4 When do you get feedback? Why do tutors give you
feedback? 7 +... you could do more, but | don’t have time
my workload here.
5 Think of three ways you can be assessed.
62
| can imagine, | bet, etc.

When someone makes a statement about how they feel
or how a situation is, you can show you believe them or
sympathise with them by saying /’m sure, It sounds it, | can
imagine or | bet.
P: They can be a bit more critical than the others, which is
a bit annoying.
D: I can imagine.
10 Look at Track 34 on page 201 and find examples

of the phrases in the box. What feelings or
situations does Daniel show he believes?
1i Complete the sentences about courses with your
own ideas. Then work in pairs. Take turns reading
your sentences and responding with Jbet, etc.
7? Work in pairs. Discuss the questions.
A: We have to do a huge amount of reading at home
+ Is encouragement always better than criticism? every week so /’m struggling.
+ Do you think you would be good at counselling? B: / bet. It must be hard.
+ Do you know anyone who has studied something so I'm struggling.
=
that they don’t use anymore? j :

, which was annoying.
Ff WN
« When do you think is a good time to stop studying? .

on
so I'm really pleased.

, which is really helpful.
GRAMMAR
, SO it’s quite demanding.
, which is a pain.
Future time clauses
When we want to specify the time at which a future action CONVERSATION PRACTICE
will happen, we often use a clause starting with a time
expression such as when, after, once, etc. 12 Work in pairs. You are going to roleplay a
conversation between two people who are doing
; degrees. Either use your own ideas or choose
8 Look at these sentences from the conversation. g y
a roleplay card (Student A: File 5, page 188;
Answer the questions below. Student B: File 10, page 190). Spend a few
a I’m going back after I’ve had this coffee. minutes deciding what you will say. Think about
b So what are you going to do when it ends? how to answer the questions below.
c | might do another course once I've finished this one.
« What are you studying?
d As soon as! find a proper job, I'll probably stop
+ And what does that involve?
doing any studying.
« Why are you doing that?
1 What are the time expressions in each sentence? + How's it going? Are you enjoying it?
2 Do you know any other time words like when and + What are your tutors like?
after that can join two parts of a sentence?
- And what about the other people on the course?
3 What tenses follow the time expressions?
+ Do you have much coursework?
4 Do the time clauses refer to now or the future?
+ How’s it assessed?
5 Can the sentences start with the time clause?
- How long does the course last? When does it finish?
(@ Check your ideas on page 174 and do Exercise 1.
* And what are you going to do once it ends?
9 Complete the questions with your own ideas.

Then work in groups and take turns asking and 13 Now roleplay the conversation. Ask and answer
the questions above. Use as much language from
answering your questions.
this lesson as you can.
1 What are you going to do after ...?
2 Where are you going to stay when ...?
3 While you're on holiday ...?
4 What’ll happen once ...?
5 How long is it before ...?
Oke
(@
For further practice, see Exercise 2 on page 175.
Unit7 Education 63
PAY ATTENTION
SPEAKING
1 Work in pairs. Look at the photo of a teacher
and student and discuss the questions.
+ Do you like the photo? Why? / Why not?
What do you think it says about teachers and
students?
* Look at these qualities connected to teachers. Are
there any you would add? Are any of them not
necessary to be a good teacher? What’s the most
important?
| patient well-prepared
| friendly strict
| encouraging knows their subject well
Look at these qualities connected to students. Are

there any you would add? Are any of them not
necessary to be a good student? What's the most
important?
| bright pays attention in class

| enthusiastic ambitious
| does homework a keen reader
VOCABULARY Education
2 Complete the sentences below with these words.
Then work in pairs and decide if each sentence
refers to a school or a university.
4 Work in groups. Discuss the questions.
academic reputation school fees
| research facilities alternative approaches * How many of the sentences in Exercise 2 can you
| entry requirements social problems use to describe schools and universities you know or
| bilingual school Master's programme have heard of?
strict discipline
- What places have you studied at? What were they
like?
1 It'sa , SO some subjects like PE and
science are taught in English.
2 It’s very traditional. Pupils wear uniforms and there’s LISTENING
very 5 [MEE Listen to four conversations about different
3 Ithas a big that attracts a lot of aspects of education. Who is the main speaker
international students. in each conversation (1-4)? There is one person
4 It has a very good . They really push you do not need.
pupils to achieve high marks. a a parent
5 It’s difficult to get into because the. are b aschool teacher
very high, especially for Medicine.
C a university lecturer
6 It's in quite a rough area, so they have to deal with
quite a few d an overseas student
7 Lectures are very crowded, and € a postgraduate student

are a bit
limited.
6 [GES Work in pairs and answer the questions.
8 They have some to teaching and learning, Then listen again and check your answers.
which the headteacher introduced.
1 Why is the teacher annoyed? What advice is she
9 The are so high that only wealthy families given?
can afford to send their kids there.
2 Why is the overseas student unhappy? What is she
3 With your partner, think of a word or phrase going to do?
connected to each of the words in the box in 3 What rule does the lecturer explain? Are there any
Exercise 2. Use a dictionary to help you. exceptions to the rule?
academic reputation — top university/ hard to get into 4 Why is the parent happy?
64
7? With your partner, try to remember which verbs 10 Complete the sentences with the correct form of
went with these nouns in the four conversations. the verbs.
Then look at Track 35 on page 201 and compare A: What are you going to do when you graduate?
your ideas.
B: It depends on my marks. If | ' a good
1 _ attention, to each other, degree,|?___————s a“ Master’s in Business
their respect Administration. (get, probably / do)
2 _.____—one of the questions, my score, A: And what if you don’t?
the test
: I'm not sure. | * travelling for a while if |
wo
3 _ sas deadiine, an exception, ; in too much debt. (go, not/ be)
—_______ any excuses
4 _____sithe kids, classes, —__.___ a : What happens if | lose the key for my room?
YOU Ss
good reputation 5 stthe security guard to open it. (ask)
8 Work in pairs. Discuss the questions. : And what if he © at the front desk? (not/ be)
* What do you think the teacher in the first 7 around. Just ® the emergency
conversation should do? Why? number. Someone from the main office ®
(not / wait, call, come)
- How were difficult students dealt with in your school?
Do you think it was a good approach? 11 Write answers to these questions.
+ Have you ever made a stupid mistake in an exam / 1 What are you going to do in the summer holidays?
a test? If yes, what did you do?
2 What happens if I’m struggling in class?
+ Do you know anyone who has changed schools? Why?
3 How do you think your life will change in the next
few years?
AR 12 Work in pairs. Take turns asking the questions
— SS ea in Exercise 11. Say the reply you wrote. Your
partner should continue the conversation
by asking And what if ...? How long can you
, We use mae sentences to talk about situations and continue each conversation?
; their results. In zero and first conditionals, we use present
tenses in the /f-clause to talk about general, present and G For further practice, see Exercise 2 on page 175.
. possible future situations.
8 Look at these sentences from the conversations.

SPEAKING
Then work in pairs and answer the questions 13. Work in groups. Look at the rules below
below. connected to education from round the world.
a /fl try to explain something, they sit whispering to Discuss the questions.
each other. + Do you have any of these rules — or similar ones — in
b /f they talk, send them to the headteacher. your country?
c If they don’t accept me, |’Il either retake the test or * Which rules do you think are good and which do you
| might look for another Master's. think are bad? Why?
d /f you have any problems which are affecting + Why do you think these rules were introduced?
your coursework, you should contact the student + What results might these rules cause?
counselling service.
* Do you think any of these rules should be introduced
1 Which sentence is about a situation that has already (or reversed) in your country? Why?
happened before and may happen again?
2 Which sentences show possible future situations?
What tense is used in the /f-clause?
3 What's the difference in meaning between wil/ and
might?
4 Which two clauses give advice about possible future
situations?
e Check your ideas on page 175 and do Exercise 1-

SUS STATES iy TT USA.
teachers get increased pay if their students
get good exam grades.
In Ss wesoten ask What ions if..? When
_ we answer these questions, we don’t usually repeat the
i if-clause. We generally only say the result clause. you can't graduate (whatever the
_& Ifyou miss a deadline that your tutor has set, you will
IN we degree) unless you pass an English test.
be given a zero.
: ... but what if you have a family crisis or something?
: Well, obviously we'll make an exception for certain
ae in some academic jobs you can't
ever be fired unless you break a law.
cases.
Unit 7 Education 65
MAKING A DIFFERENCE
READING
1 Work in groups. What do you think the
WHAT WORKS IN
EDUCATION
following people worry or complain about when
discussing schools and the education system?
| parents teachers students |

| politicians business people
Compare your ideas as a class. What do you Few things cause more worry and debate than
think is the biggest education issue in your education. Wherever you go in the world, you will
country at the moment? What solutions have
rarely find a place where everyone is happy with
been suggested? Do you agree with them?
the education system they have. Parents worry
Read a short article about the academic John about their kids’ grades; businesses complain that
Hattie, author of Visible Learning, and his students don’t have the right skills; politicians
research into achievement in schools. Find out: look at other countries’ education systems and see
1 if any of the worries or issues you thought of were only failure in their own. All want to see higher
investigated. achievement, but the debate is how to do it. Should
2 why the following figures are mentioned: 15, 60,000, it be smaller classes or more homework, wearing
250 million. school uniform or better pay for teachers?
3 what Hattie believes are the most important factors. Not only are there a huge number of things that people
4 why his work is called Visible Learning. say will make education better, but people also disagree
about whether each factor actually improves learning
Work in groups of three. Below are nine factors or not. So whos right? This is the question that the
Hattie studied that the article goes on to discuss. New Zealand academic John Hattie tried to answer over
What do you think are the top two most effective fitteen years of work when he analysed 60,000 studies
factors and what are the bottom two? into student achievement carried out with around
a Teachers having high levels of subject knowledge 250 million students, mainly from English-speaking
b Programmes to extend students’ vocabulary countries around the world. Its an amazing piece of
work and has produced some surprising results.
c Setting up schools outside of government control
d Reducing class sizes by 50%
Hattie discovered that, with only very few exceptions,
every factor which people think will improve students’
e Providing information on how students will be
achievement does work to some degree, when
assessed and feedback on what they did
compared with doing nothing! He therefore quickly
Talking about students’ expectations realised that rather than asking what policies and
=
Practising what you have learnt over time actions are positive, he needed to compare the size of
i
Doing homework the improvements. This resulted in a league table of

=
over one hundred factors showing what really helps

i Summer holidays
and what is less effective.
Work with the same group. You are going to Hattie’s interpretation of this table is that it is passionate
read about how effective the nine factors in
teachers that make the big difference. These teachers
Exercise 4 are.
don’t have to be specialists in their field with MAs and
Student A: read File 6 on page 188. PhDs, but they need to understand what level their
students are at and show them how to exceed their
Student B: read File 12 on page 190. expectations. In contrast, the things that often cause
Student C: read File 13 on page 191. the loudest arguments or cost the most money — such
as uniforms or reducing class sizes or investing in IT
Then work together and rank the factors from — havea relatively small impact. Hattie suggests they
1 (= most effective) to 9 (= least effective). continue to get more attention because these are the
With your group, discuss the questions. things that parents and politicians can see, whereas we
don’t see teachers and students at work. This is why
+ What do you think of the results of the research? Did
you find anything surprising or obvious? Why? he calls his analysis Visible Learning: he wants to show
those factors that can make a big difference.
+ How many of these factors were present in schools
you have been to? So what are the specific factors that score best in
« Do you think the results would be the same in all improving performance and which ones are less
countries in the world? Why? / Why not? effective?
66
PRONUNCIATION
[E3EF Listen to ten verbs and nouns with the
Forming words same root and underline the main stress.
One way to build your vocabulary is to learn the
Notice how the position of the main stress
noun and the verb form of words, e.g. achieve and
achievement. Common noun endings are: -ment, -tion,
can change.
-ation, -ance, -ence, -ist. Many words, such as worry, 1 know — knowledge 6 interpret— interpretation
are both nouns and verbs. Make sure you learn the
pronunciation and collocations that go with the different 2 analyse — analysis 7 ~worry — worry
forms to help you use them correctly. 3 assess—assessment 8 increase — increase
4 define — definition 9 refund — refund
7 Complete the phrases (1-8) with nouns from the 5 inform—information 10 protest — protest
article that are based on the verbs in bold.
1 need further (improve standards)
9 Practice saying the pairs of words.
2 geta good in the exam (teachers grade 10 Choose three pairs of words from Exercise 8
the essays)
and write short phrases like those in Exercise 7.
3 a__________in data analysis (specialise in marketing) Then work in pairs and read out your examples.
4 abig_____————s*ébettweeen them (the effects differ
Work in groups. Discuss the questions.
widely)
- What improvements could be made in your
5 measure students’ (perform well in the
education system? Explain why and how.
test)
- Do you use the knowledge you gained at school in
6 meet my (expect great things of you)
your life much? In what ways? Is there anything you
7 the project was a (fail an exam) think should be taught that isn’t?
8 improve your of the subject (know a bit of - What expectations do you have of your future life?
French) Do you think they are high or low? Why?
+ What protests have you heard about in education?
What were the people protesting about?
Unit7 Education 67
2b
,
.
nt
describe different dishes and ways of cooking food
explain what is on a menu
discuss experiences of foreign food
make generalisations
describe restaurants
SPEAKING
+ What do you think this man is making? Where do
you think this photo was taken?
ea Are you any good at cooking? If you are, how did
you learn?
What is the best dish you can cook?
What kind of thing do you usually eat: in the
morning? for lunch? in the evening?
Are you a fussy eater, an unadventurous eater or
an adventurous eater?
Do you prefer to eat out at a restaurant or at
home? Why?
am
Unit 8 Eating 69
I'LL GO FOR THAT
VOCABULARY Describing food 3 Work in pairs. Think of two examples of food
for each of the adjectives below. Can you see any
1 Label the picture with these cooking verbs. food in the picture that could be described using
po these adjectives?
deep-fry steam mash slice grill
marinate Stir-fry grate boil roast bland filling juicy sour tasty
oo oo ie fattening greasy raw spicy tender
- Which of the ways of cooking in Exercise 1 are most 4 Work in pairs. Look at the photos in File 14 on
used in your house? To cook what? page 191. Discuss the questions.
« Which do you think is the easiest to do? Which is the « Which of these things do you eat most often?
most complicated? Why? - Are there any things here you have never eaten?
+ Are there any ways of cooking you can't do or have - What's the best way to cook each one?
never tried? 3
+ Which could you describe using the adjectives in
Exercise 3?
- Do you know anyone who can’t — or doesn’t — eat
any of these things? Why not?
Ail Ea
ELES
ECRPRSLS STRAPS
LISTENING
sateen caries be 52 ES rete nee 4 . nea 7 ¥ . :
5 Look at the menu from a Peruvian restaurant. | 4 & : E =] . : ; ; '
Do you know what kind of dishes they might be
or what might be in them? Do any of the words
sound similar to food or dishes in your language?
. Papa Rellena ® Sopa de Carne
Listen to a conversation between Aurora,
a Peruvian businesswoman, and Claes, who
is visiting Peru. Tick the dishes he decides to Anticuchos :Tallarin con Mariscos
order and take notes on the reasons he gives for
rejecting the dishes below.
1 Papa Rellena
: Ceviche f
2 Anticuchos
3 Lomo Saltado
7 Listen again and complete the sentences

with one word in each space.
1 They don’t have an English menu, I’m
2 You'll just have to talk me ___ it.
3 That’s balls of mashed potato, with beef, © Bistec Apanado . $ Lomo Saltade °
raisins and olives.
4 It’s sliced cow’s heart, very and
5 I'll go that. Aproz con Mariscos Seco de Cabrite
6 That's steak, sliced very and then fried
and with rice.
7 It's a bit a Spanish paella, but : Avroz con Date :
8 It’sa of stew with goat meat in.

9 They serve it with beans on the
10 That sounds very
Work in pairs. Discuss the questions.

- Would you order any of the dishes mentioned? If yes,
which ones? If not, why not?
Aproz con Leche : Felado de | Gcuma °
+ Do you like steak? If so, how do you usually like it?
+ Do any of the dishes sound similar to any dishes
from your country?
: Crema Voteada es Mazamorra Morada
« Do you think your country has a national dish?
« Did they mention any ingredients you often / never
use in your own cooking?
(es LTA 8
fi ERAT eG pee
Describing dishes il Write a typical menu for a restaurant in your
country. Write it in your own language. Include
When we have to explain different foods or dishes, we
often use the patterns below. two or three dishes for each stage of the meal.
It’s a kind of vegetable / side dish / spice. 12 Work in pairs. Roleplay a conversation like the
It’s a bit like an oyster, but smaller/ but not as big. one you heard in Exercise 6.
It’s made from plums or pears / a special kind of bean. Student A: you're visiting the country on holiday or
It's cooked with tomatoes and onions and spices. on business. You don’t speak the local language.
Student B: talk Student A through the menu.
8 Think of four different kinds of drinks, dishes,
fruit or vegetables from your country. Decide Student A: reject at least two things. Explain why.
how to describe them using the structures above Then decide what you'd like to eat for starter, main
and any other useful language from this lesson. course and dessert.
10 Work in groups. Take turns to describe your When you have finished, change roles and have
food. Can the rest of the group guess what you another conversation.
are describing? @< 14 To watch the video and do the activities, see the DVD ROM.
Unit8 Eating 71
CULTURE CLASH
SPEAKING Now work in pairs: one Student A and one
Student B. Ask and answer the questions in
1 Work in pairs. Read the introduction of an Exercise 2 about the texts you read.
article about foreign food culture and living
abroad below. Then discuss these questions. With the same partner, complete the sentences
+ What foreign cuisines can you get in restaurants in with words and phrases from all four texts. The
your town / city? Do you ever eat in any of these definitions in brackets will help you.
places? If yes, what do you usually order? 1 lan said ‘stinky tofu’ smells like sweaty socks and
- Are there many specialist shops selling foreign food rotting fish and it’s really . (making you not
where you live? Why? / Why not? want to eat it)
» Do you ever buy foreign / imported food? If so, what? 2 lan said Americans usually just the bill.
If not, why not? (divide equally)
- What food from your country would you miss if you 3 Isabella didn’t like having dinner at six in the evening.
went to live abroad? Is there anything you wouldn't She was always by bedtime. (really
miss? hungry)
- Do you agree with the author’s opinions?
FOOD
Some of them have perhaps been set up by adventurous

locals trying to introduce something fresh and new.
However, in most cases they were probably set up by
foreigners who simply couldn't cope with the food of
their host country. These places represent everything their
Owners miss about their home countries. Essentially they
say ‘I may love your people, your job opportunities, your
climate, but let me show you what real food is!’ In fact,
maybe we can say that you have only fully integrated
into your new country when you have accepted its food
culture. So if you're living abroad, how are you finding its IAN (American)
food culture? Are you used to it yet, or is full integration I moved to Taiwan five years ago because my wife is from
some way off? Taipei, and I love it here. We eat out a lot and there are lots
of good, cheap restaurants and street snacks. I'm vegetarian
and there’ a long tradition of veggie food here so its great
R EADING for me. Having said that, I'll never get used to ‘stinky tofu’.
2 Work in groups of four: two As and two Bs. You The name is very accurate — it smells like sweaty socks
are going to read the rest of the article. mixed with rotting fish! I tried it once. The sauce was
actually OK, but that smell is just so off-putting!
Student As: read the texts on these pages.
When you go to restaurants here, generally speaking, you
Student Bs: read the texts in File 15 on page 192. all just order lots of different dishes and then everyone
With the person who read the same texts, answer shares, which is nice. The first time I went out with my
the questions. wife's family, my father-in-law insisted on paying, which
is pretty normal I suppose. What is still a bit strange for
1 Where are the two people in your texts from?
me, though, is when you go out with people of your own
2 Where are they living now? Why? age and all the men always offer to pay for everything.
3 What do they like about the food and the way people There’s sometimes almost a fight to get hold of the bill
eat there? first! Generally speaking, back home we just split the bill
4 |s there anything they miss about their home? between everyone.
5 Is there anything they still find strange or annoying One final thing I find a bit annoying here is how
about the host country? surprised everyone is that | can use chopsticks. I mean,
6 Is there anything they'll never get used to? Why? just because you're foreign, it doesn’t mean you can’t
learn how to use chopsticks!
72
4 She said she was ___..__ about eating new food — _—
before going to Scotland. (not brave)
ao Sig ao =<
5 Ya-Wen described blue cheese as_____——_—sicow fat.
_ eee —_
= ana + ee en a eS
(rotten)
Gancclications ane tend to
6 She said she sometimes ordered things that didn’t We can show that something is generally true by using the
very nice. (end up being) structure tend to (+ infinitive without to), an adverbial phrase
7 Alan is now happy either pouring olive oil or like generally speaking, or an adverb like usually or hardly.
butter on his bread. (putting)
8 He says people in Britain eat a lot of 6 Look at these sentences from the texts. Answer
meals instead of cooking fresh food. (pre-cooked) the questions below.
5 Work in groups. Discuss the questions. a The portions here tend to be enormous.
* Have you ever experienced any of the foods or b They tend not to eat while they're drinking.
eating habits mentioned in the texts? c People usually order things individually for
«+ Does your country share any of the foods or eating themselves.
habits mentioned in the texts? d Generally speaking, back home we just split the bill.
+ What do you think was the strangest thing mentioned?
1 How do you make the negative of tend to?
« What food and eating habits in your country do you
think foreigners might find strange? 2 Where does an adverbial phrase like on the whole or
in general go in the sentence?
3 Where does an adverb like normally go in positive
sentences?
7 Rewrite the sentences using the words in

brackets.
1 Asarule, | eat ready meals, because | can’t be
bothered to cook. (tend)
2 We don’t normally keep food which is left over after
dinner. (tend)
3 People here tend to eat food with their hands.
(general)
4 On the whole, | skip breakfast during the week
unless | wake up particularly early. (normally)
ee ete
5 Generally speaking, our family doesn't eat out unless
it’s a special occasion. (hardly ever)
ISABELLA ((Spaniel 6 People don't usually leave tips here unless it was an
exceptionally good meal. (rule)
I've been studying in Glasgow for two years now, and its 7 | hardly ever have a dessert when | go out for dinner.
a great city. When I first moved here, I spent six months (tend)
living with a host family and they provided me with my 8 Most of the time people here avoid making any
first experience of the food. British food has got a bad noises while they're eating. It’s seen as bad manners.
(normally)
reputation, but they served great stuff. They introduced me
to some really interesting things like the Scottish national 9 | don’t usually have time to have a big lunch, so |
dish, haggis. It’s a bit like a Spanish blood sausage called normally just have a sandwich. (whole, tend)
morcilla, but bigger. Work in pairs. Discuss which of the sentences in
There were a couple of things I just couldn't get used to, Exercise 7 are true / not true for you and your
though. The first thing was that they always ate everything country.
with bread and butter. It really made me miss olive oil! The | tend not to eat ready meals unless I’m really busy.
other thing was that they used to have dinner at six o’clock | normally buy fresh food and cook most evenings.
every evening. I was starving by bedtime and it didn’t give
Write five sentences about the culture of your
me time to do anything beforehand!
country using tend (not) to. The sentences could
Another cultural difference is that lots of people here go be about food, eating, shopping, work, education
for a drink after work. They tend not to eat while they're or character. Then work in groups and compare
drinking, and only get something to eat when the pub finally your ideas. What ideas do you agree with? What
closes: usually fish and chips, pizzas, that kind of thing. I've ideas are you surprised by?
even seen deep-fried bars of chocolate! With food like that, In the villages, people tend to eat with their right hands,
its no wonder there are so many foreign restaurants here! rather than with forks or spoons.
Having said that, I think I was actually quite lf they have money, most people tend to do most of
unadventurous before coming here, but the Scottish have their shopping in big malls.
introduced me to food from other countries — Indian, Thai,
Mexican — all of which I love now. Unit 8 Eating 73
2 WHAT A PLACE! .-
SPEAKING 3 Work with a new partner. Think of places you
i 5 know that fit the descriptions in Exercise 2. Say
1 Work in groups. Discuss the questions. as much as you can about them to your partner.
- How often do you and your family eat out? Where do
you usually go? Why? LISTENING
- What's the best / worst restaurant you've ever eaten
in? What was so good / bad about it? : ‘
4 (HE Listen to four conversations about
* Are there any restaurants you've never been to but restaurants. Match each conversation (1-4) to
one of the topics below. There is one ionic
would like to try? Why? eas P
vou
PIe'y
VOCABULARY Restaurants a the restaurant’s
z poor service
b a crime that's maybe happened
2 Work in pairs. Read the sentences below and sending food back to the kitchen
discuss whether you would like to visit each of e fe :
the restaurants described. Explain your ideas. d noticing a health issue
1 It's always packed.
e the quality of the dishes they're eating
2 It's always deserted. 5 [MEE¥ Work in pairs. Choose the correct option.
3 It looks out over the sea. Then listen again and check your answers.
4 It's got very trendy décor. 1 a | was wondering if it might be a screen / front for
something.
5 The portions are very generous. b | don't think I've ever seen a single / an only
6 The food is beautifully presented.
person eating there.
7 The food’s very rich. 2 a The sauce is quite rich so it really overcooks/
8 It’s all organic
overpowers the taste of everything else.
b | think I'll sti/ ck
stay with my one.
9 It’s home-style cooking.
3 a It's been in the papers quite a bit/ little.
10 It only does seafood.
b We arrived and sat down and demanded/ asked
11 It's very fancy, very posh.
for the menu.
12 The service is outstanding. 4 a The restaurant doesn’t deserve / merit the money.
5 The portions weren't very great/ generous.
7h
GRAMMA 10 Complete the sentences so they are true for you.
1 If| had to wait half an hour to pay the bill, I'd ...
2 If | spilt cola all over someone's clothes, I'd ...
Second conditionals 3 Ifa waiter was being very rude to me, I'd...
We use second conditionals to speculate about situations 4 lf | forgot my wallet and couldn't pay for my meal,
and possible results. They usually have two parts: an
I'd...
if-clause referring to the situation and a second clause
showing results or consequences. 5 lf | was undercharged, I'd...
11 Work in pairs. Ask each other what you would

6 Look at these sentences from the conversations. do in each of the situations in Exercise 10. Then
Complete the rules below. ask and answer four more questions starting
a /t wouldn’t surprise me if it was. with What would you do if ...?
b | guess it might be better if it didn’t have so much (¢e For further practice, see Exercise 2 on page 176,
sauce on it.
c You wouldn’t go there if you were paying yourself.
d What would happen if they called the police?
SPEAKING
12 Below are eight sentences connected to food and
1 The ifclause uses or past continuous. drink. Decide if you agree or disagree with each
The if-clause refers to a situation in the _____ or one — and why. Think about what the results of
N
future which is impossible to change or is not going each could be.

to take place.
lf they banned the sale of chocolate, ...
3 The other clause explains the imagined results .. Shops would lose a lot of money
or consequences. You use + infinitive ... It might damage the economy
(without to) for a more likely result or___ => .. people might lose their jobs, etc.
infinitive (without to) for a less likely result.
1 If they want to improve public health, they should
e Check your ideas on page 176 and do Exercise 1. ban the sale of chocolate and ice cream.
2 School students should be given two free pieces of
7 Complete the exchanges with the correct form fruit a day at school.
of the verbs. 3 The legal age for drinking should be raised to 21.
1 A: How's the soup? 4 All the extra food produced in rich countries should
B: It’s a bit bland, to be honest. It___ (be) be donated to developing countries.
better if it (have) some spices in it.
5 Children should discuss issues connected to nutrition
2 A: Would you like any more? more in school.
B: No. Honestly! | couldn't eat another thing. |
(explode) if | (eat) any more! 6 Fast food restaurants should be taxed more — and
the money should go towards health care.
3 A: They told us we’d have a table in five minutes,
but we had to wait for an hour. 7 The government should stop telling me what to eat
B: That's awful! | hate it when that kind of thing and how to live. It’s not their job!
happens. If they just (tell) the truth 8 People who get ill because they eat or drink too
at times like that, everyone (be) far much should pay more for health care.
happier.
4 A: They should do something about the décor. It
13 Work in groups. Compare your opinions about
looks so cold and bare in there. the sentences in Exercise 12. Use second
B: | know. It (look) a lot more inviting if conditionals and some of the language below.
they ________— (paint) it a warmer colour and
(change) the lighting. + It’s not a bad idea.
5 A: | tasted this crunchy thing in my pasta and spat it + | agree with this up to a point.
out — and then saw it was a fingernail! + That's completely mad! / That's a stupid idea!
B: Seriously? Oh, that’s disgusting! |___.__ (die)
« Can you imagine what would happen if they did that?
if that (happen) to me.
+ lf they did that, they’d create all kinds of problems.
6 A: Do you like it? Is it OK?
For example. ...
B: Yeah. It’s delicious! If | (cook) as well as
you,|____———s (open) my own restaurant! + It'd solve a few problems. For example, ...
PRONUNCIATION
8 Listen and write down the six sentences
you hear. Look at Track 39 on page 203 and
check your answers.
9 Listen again and notice the contraction
of would. Then practise saying the sentences
as quickly as you can.
Unit 8 Eating 75
1 Work in groups. Look at the photo and discuss When the berries ripen in early fall, the growers
the questions. : the marsh beds. They use machines called
«+ Do you eat much fruit or drink much fruit juice? *___ sto remove the berries, which then float to
the surface and are collected together.
Why? / Why not?
+ What fruits are grown in your country? In what area? They have to keep an eye on * because a
hard frost can destroy the crop.
» Have you ever eaten cranberries? Did you like them?
When the berries are in danger of *____, the
- What do you know about where they grow and what growers turn on an irrigation system to keep the
the tree / plant is like? temperature above ° and to produce a
* How do you think they are harvested? bumper crop.
Ss, dykes and ditches store water to provide
(COEEN Watch the first part of the video (0.00- an adequate supply at a ”
2.20). Are the sentences true (T) or false (F)?
Marty thinks the cranberry harvest is not just good
1 Mary’s job starts at dawn. for her business but also good for ® . She
2 Mary always wanted to have both a career and a sees herself as a mother to both her children and the
family. environment in which she lives.
3 The cranberry vines live on average for seventeen Work in groups. Discuss the questions.
years.
* In which areas of your country is there most farming?
4 Mary is the boss of the cranberry business. What are the main crops?
5 Cranmoor is the biggest producer of inland + Have there been any problems for crops in recent
cranberries in the world. years because of the weather? What happened?
6 To grow well, cranberries like water, acid conditions Do you think farming benefits or damages wildlife in
and sand. your country? In what ways?
7 Mary inherited the cranberry farm.
Work in pairs. Discuss the questions. UNDERSTANDING FAST SPEECH

* In what ways is Mary lucky? 6 (ERT Read and listen to this extract from the
+ Do you know anyone who is similar to Mary in any video said at natural pace and then slowed
way? How? down. To help you, groups of words are marked
+ Would you like to be her? Why? / Why not? with / and pauses are marked //. Stressed
sounds are in CAPITALS.
CURE Read the short summary of how they
when PEOple would ASK me / what | WANted to BE /
harvest the cranberries. Then watch the second
part of the video and complete the summary when | grew UP / | KNEW/ all aAONG / there were TWO
with one or two words in each space (2.21—4.04). things | WANted to DO // um / be a MOM // and WORK
outSIDE.
Now you have a go! Practice saying the extract

at natural pace.
76
REVIEW 4
VOCABULARY
GRAMMAR 6 Match the verbs (1-8) with the noun (a—h) they
Complete the text with one word in each space. both collocate with.
Contractions count as one word. 1 make
/ slow my a anexcuse
Generally ' , when | was growing up we had 2 pay
/ give plenty of b progress
a traditional Sunday lunch. As a 2 ,my mum
3 make
/ accept Cc an assignment
cooked some roast meat like chicken or beef served
*___s some boiled vegetables and a sauce which 4 ask for
/ split d the bill
we call gravy. | loved it, but now | live on my own | 5 have/ hand in e€ my motivation to study
2 ever have a Sunday lunch °____| visit
my parents. Basically, cooking a roast dinner takes a 6 lose
/ increase f the fish
long time and I’m usually too tired on Sunday as | ¥ give / receive good g attention to someone
. to go out till late on Saturday. Maybe if |
8 marinate / steam h feedback from my tutor
: cooking for more than one person |
‘ss make an effort, but it’s not worth it just for Decide if these words are connected to food /
me. Maybe ° | ever get married and
restaurants or teachers / courses.
os my own family, "' make them a
proper Sunday lunch, but! bet it ‘7s taste as
bland fee mash patient
good as my mum's.
deserted grate module raw
discipline lecture organic supportive
Choose all the correct options.
1 If you are ill, take / you should take / you would take
a day off.
Complete the sentences. Use the word in
brackets to form a word that fits in the space.
2 If they improved/ improve / have improved the
décor, maybe more people would come in. 1 The university has lowered its
requirements to attract more students. (enter)
3 Hopefully, I'll get a job after / graduate /
I'll graduate / | have graduated. 2 | have to say, the course didn't really meet my
. (expect)
4 \f| don't find anything soon, / might look / I'll look
/|
look for a job abroad somewhere. 3 It’s more important to be and have
passion than have high . (enthuse, qualify)
5 | almost never/ tend not / don’t tend to eat out. It’s
just too expensive. 4 The school has faced a lot of ______ over its
pupils’ poor exam . (criticise, perform).
6 I'll let you know as soon as / when / if | hear anything.
5 It needs to adopt an approach to improve
7 V'll call you when / once / if I'm ready. students’ grades. (alter)
8 What if he finds out/ found out/ will find out? 6 The headteacher went on a course to improve his
, but he’s still not very good! (leader)
Complete the second sentence so that it has
a similar meaning to the first sentence using 7 The initia! results of the changes are quite
the word given. Do not change the word given. and there are many signs of . (encourage,
You must use between three and five words, improve)
including the word given. 8 They said her coursework was — some of
the best they’d had. (stand out)
1 My main meal of the day tends to be lunch.
_____=$-s my main meal in the middle of the day. Complete the extract from an email with one
WHOLE word in each space. The first letters are given.
2 First, I'm going to speak to this gentleman. Then I'll Did | tell you Tim’s gone back to college to ‘tr
deal with your problem. as a chef? As you know, he ?str_____ at school,
Ill deal with your problem ____ to this but he’s doing really well on this course. Obviously,
gentleman. ONCE the course is very “pr so most of the lessons
3 He’ll never pass his final exams because he hardly are ‘wor_______ to learn the skills they need such
ever goes to class as °s|________—s vegetables quickly without chopping
lfhe__=_____s classes, he might actually pass his your fingers off! But he’s even enjoying the more
final exams. SKIP ®ac__________—s subjects like maths and biology. | guess
4 The only reason you are allowed to miss a deadline it’s because they make them 7re___ to what
is serious illness. he wants to do, which is to have a good business
We __________if you are seriously ill. EXTEND and not poison anyone! Anyway, the college has a
restaurant and we went last week. It doesn't look very
5 My plan is to retire at the age of 60. *fa___..___—~ — | don’t think they’ve changed the décor
I’m I'm 60. WORK for years — but the food was amazing. | had this lamb
6 I’m lucky that my parents can afford to pay for my which had been °ro really slowly, so it was
university fees. so juicy and ‘te . And it came with a lovely
|________suniversity now if my parents didn’t have “‘ri___§§_=s sauce — fantastic. The meal was actually
the money to pay the fees. BE part of Tim’s ‘as and of course he passed! |
was so proud of him.
EE Listen and write the six sentences you hear.
Review 4 77
ow,
rear
pues
i, . 5 rans
z = ines
describe flats, houses and areas
explain how big places are
discuss social and economic changes
compare the past and now
ask about house rules
SPEAKING
« Where do you think this photo was taken? Why?
* What do you think would be good / bad about
living in a place like this? Think about:
- the house
- where it is
- the local facilities
- the people who live there
- the way of life
Wouid you like to live there? Why? / Why not?
St A Re
Unit9 Houses 79
HOME SWEET HOMa <i = eS
VOCABULARY Describing homes : a rent'’s very 7 oe

: : 'm renting a room in a shared apartment.
1 Label the picture with these words. 8 | live in a newly-built apartment block.
wood floor garage swimming pool 9 It's quite cramped with four of us living there.
patio gas central heating open fire 10 It's quite old and run-down.
back garden _ balcony attic
tiled floor roof terrace basement a It's the biggest place I’ve ever lived in by a long way!
b | don't need that much space and it’s easy to keep
2 Work in groups. Discuss the questions. clean.
+ Which of the things in Exercise 1 do you have where ¢ I'm only paying €80 a week plus bills.
you live? d_ Luckily, | get on OK with the five other students.
+ Of the things you don’t have, which two would you e | can walk into town in ten minutes.
most like? Why? f | mean, it's only a two-bedroom flat and there’s only
- Which two things could you most easily live without? one bathroom.
- Which things make the biggest difference to the g It's great — and obviously | don’t need to do any work
price of a house / flat in your country? on it!
h It faces south, so we get a lot of sunlight.
3 Match the sentences (1-10) with the follow-up Well ieetita do same woncen tt
comments (23). j There's a station five minutes’ walk away and several
1 It's lovely and bright in the summer. buses go into town.
2 It's nice and compact.
3 It’s very central.
4 Work in pairs. Discuss which of the words in
bold in Exercise 3 describe where you live.
4 It’s very convenient for transport. Explain why.
5 It’s very spacious.
se
LISTENING Correct the mistakes in these sentences. You
may need to add extra words.
5 (ET Listen to two people — Gavin and Lynn
1 His bedroom’s tiny. It’s about half size of this room.
— talking about their friends’ new apartment.
Answer the questions. 2 The kitchen is huge. It’s three times the size of my.
1 Why did Nick and Carol move? 3 The bathroom’s OK. It's about same size as yours —
maybe a little bit bigger.
2 What is nice about their new place?
4 They've got a huge garden. It’s twice the size of your.
3 What are the problems with the new place?
5 They've got a small basement. It’s a similar size of
Listen again and complete the sentences this room — maybe a bit smaller.
with two words in each space. 6 They've got a lovely front room. It's twice as wide as
1 Did | tell you | to see Nick and Carol the this room and maybe a little bit more long.
other day? 7 It’s not that big — maybe about from here where that
2 | haven't seen them desk is.
They said ‘hello’ to you. Think of how large the different rooms in your
WwW
That must be nice for them now the kids are house / apartment are compared with the room
BS
you are in now. Then work in groups. Share your

They wanted for the kids. ideas, using the patterns in the box.
WI
It’s on the of an old block.

onOD
It has got , though. CONVERSATION PRACTICE

| must go round and see them Work in pairs. You are going to roleplay a
conversation like the one you heard in Exercise 5.
Work in groups. Discuss the questions. Together, invent a person and details about their
* How many times have you moved in your life? Why? new home. Think about the following:
+ Have you ever done any work on your place? What? » the location: where they live, who with, when they
+ Have you ever shared a room? How was it? moved there, and why
* the best / worst things about where they live
SSS
» the size of the place — and of the individual rooms
PRONUNCIATION * the local area and facilities
Listen to six phiases said slowly. They Now work with a new partner and roleplay
all have an added /j/ sound to make it easier the conversation. Start by asking Did J tell you
to move from one vowel sound to another. I went round to see ... the other day? When you
Practise saying the phrases in the same slow have finished, change roles and have another
way. Then practise saying them as quickly as conversation.
you can.
BE PINES SNES
Eplaining hen big a place is

Ye often explain the size of places by comparing them
th things both speakers know, including the room we
ein. We may also point and use gestures. Look at the
tterns we often use:
a,
front room is huge. It’s about twice the size of this
‘oom.
‘S got a great kitchen. It’s a similar size to yours — maybe
abit bigger.
=r garden's nice. It's about the size of mine. /It's about
he same size as mine.
heir bathroom is enormous. It's about from that wall over
re to here, | guess.
ve US Ha Via asthe Main aa

va iy . ‘tia ie : aa Py
aay We iy a , i 3 abet 5 \
SERIA K Mh & ie
~ i i
Unit9 Houses 81
HOUSING BUBBLE
SPEAKING VOCABULARY Social issues
1 Work in pairs. Discuss the questions. 5 Complete the sentences with these words and
« What age would you normally expect to do the phrases.
following things? Does your partner agree?
climate change cost of energy house prices
- leave home
immigration crime rate divorce rate
- meet your partner for life
- buy a home
1 The sharp rise in is largely because of the
- earn a good salary
economic problems in nearby countries.
- start a family
2 | heard the increase in the is mainly due
- Do you think the average age to do these things has
to conflicts going on in oil-producing regions.
changed in your country? Since when? In what way?
3 The fact that couples work such long hours may
have something to do with the high
READING 4 must have something to do with all this
2 Read this article from 2015 about housing in the recent strange weather.
UK and China. Then work in pairs. In what ways 5 The sharp fall in has something to do
are the situations in the UK and China similar to with the fact that banks are lending less money.
your country now or in the past? In what ways
6 The____is going down due to better policing
are they different? and the fact that the economy is doing well.
3 Work in pairs. Decide if the sentences below are
about the UK, China or both. Read again and
check your answers.
1 Many young people don’t have the money to buy a
home even if they’re working.
2 Property prices have risen quickly in the last year.
WAITING FOR THE
BUBBLE T0 BURST
3 There aren’t enough places for people to live.
4 In general, people prefer not to live too close to
others.
5 Wages are generally increasing for middle-class
people. Priced out of the market
6 Alot of foreign people are buying property as an Li Jian is a 28-year-old salesman from Guangzhou, China,
investment. He is a member of China’ growing middle class, who
7 The current situation will probably change soon are highly educated and in good jobs with rising salaries,
because of economic reasons. but who cannot afford to buy a home. Property prices in
China have been rising steadily for over a decade and the
8 Many people try to stop big building projects near price of a home is currently 25 times the average wage.
where they live. Li Jian is frustrated by the situation:
4 Work in groups. Discuss the questions. ‘Its impossible for me to buy a home now. | will need the
« What do you think of the following solutions to help of my parents, but | also need to find a wife and that’s
the problems talked about in the article? What not easy if all 1 can offer is life in a tiny apartment. I have
consequences might there be to each of these seen one or two places on sale with a discount, so maybe
solutions? now the market is beginning to slow down, but then that is
- Let house prices crash. a new problem. When do you know the market has hit the
- Make it more difficult for foreigners to buy housing. bottom? I don’t want to buy somewhere and find its worth
- Let poor people live in empty homes for free or at a less a year later!’
discount.
Wiiteeelartal acim Cia m Lerelea
- If houses are empty for more than six months, the
government can take them.
- The government gives money to help young people
buy a home.
« Can you think of one more solution?
* How much do house prices vary in your town / city /
country? Where is the best place to buy?
« If you could live anywhere you wanted, where would
you choose? Why?
82
GRAMMAR 7 Write sentences about trends using the prompts
below and a word from each box.
Population / 57 to 60 million/ 10 years
Present perfect simple and present The population has been rising gradually over the last
perfect continuous ten years.
The present perfect simple and the present perfect
| fall go down rise go up
continuous can be used to talk about changes or trends
from some time in the past to now.
| oF radually slightly dramatically a lot
6 Look at these sentences from the article. Then ar pave germ
work in pairs and answer the questions below. The crime rate / 250,000 to 170,000 / twenty years
=
a Property prices in China have been rising steadily Unemployment / 8% to 15% / two years
Fb WN
for over a decade.
ow
House prices / down 27% / year
b Over the last year prices have increased sharply. The birth rate / down from 2.4 to 1.9 / ten years
c | have seen one or two places on sale with a The average wage / up €2 / three years
discount.
Petrol prices / up one dollar a litre / two months
1 Which two phrases show a period of time when the
G For further practice, see Exercise 2 on page 177,
change took place?
2 Can both the present perfect simple and continuous
be used with these phrases? SPEAKING
3 Why is the continuous used in sentence a)?
8 Think of four social or economic changes that
4 Which of the two forms is used to show finished have taken place in your country. Then work in
events before now? groups. Discuss the changes you thought of. Use
G Check your ideas on page 176 and do Exercise 1.
some of the phrases in bold in Exercise 5 to say
what caused them.
Economics correspondent Tim Gordon January 29 2015
A worldwide problem Protesting to preserve the Englishman's castle

China is not alone in experiencing problems
with house prices. From London to Seoul
and Oslo to Taipei, young people in work
are finding that their opportunities in
life are being limited by high housing
costs. Research in the UK has found a
growing gap between reality and people's
expectations for ‘life goals’. In general,
young people expect to earn £30,000 a
year by the time they're 31. However, over
70% fail to reach this target. Interestingly,
even when they do, most people can still
not afford to buy the house of their dreams
because property prices have risen so
much faster than wages. It is, therefore, not
surprising that although the average person
expects to leave home before they're 22,
nearly 10% of adults aged between 30 and
34 still live with their parents. Similarly,
while most people hope to have found love
by the age of 25, one third are actually still
single 15 years later. Cultural barriers to change
Hope in a crash In the UK, the problem is different. There is. a shortage of housing which
generally keeps prices high and over the last year prices have increased sharply
So what hope is there for people like Li Jian? —to 15 times the average income. The problem is particularly bad in London,
Well, there are people who believe that the where investors from abroad are buying huge amounts of property. However,
best hope is for the property bubble to burst. there are also cultural attitudes that prevent change. Take, for instance, the
Some believe that the current high price saying ‘An Englishman’ home is his castle.’ As it suggests, many people i in the
of real estate is not good for standards of UK like their space and privacy and will fight for it. As such, most buyers prefer
living or the economy and with over 20% of to own a house with a garden, rather than live in an apartment block. Finally,
all homes in China’ urban areas currently when there are plans to build new large blocks, many local people often protest,
emply, it is entirely possible that prices could to protect their homes from the shadows of large buildings and the increased
crash in the near future. people, noise and traffic they bring. Without a change of attitudes, falling house
prices are less likely than in China.
Unit9 Houses 83
ROOM T0 RENT
SPEAKING
1 Work in pairs and look at the photos of Berlin.
What do you know about the city?
Read the adverts for six host families for foreign
students studying in Berlin. Rank them from
1 (= best) to 6 (= worst) according to your opinion.
Close to U-Bahn ' S BRIGHT APARTMENT COMPACT ROOM with access |

underground station. N in the up-and-coming area of to own kitchen facilities. Large
- YS Freidrichshain. Self-catering old house owned by a retired
eo ua a mul alle 4 a ree \ rooms for two single students couple offering quiet, comfortable
Lake tegen and WOOeIGhas, MUSE on S sharing with a friendly lady accommodation. Very central. (€220)
beautifully decorated house. This very S owner. Relaxed atmosphere. > f
friendly family offers half board (€260) S Within walking distance of
or self-catering (€190) accommodation. S lively nightlife. (€180) . ls
Good-sized room
in lovely big apartment.
A 45-minute bus ride from
This cheerful household consists of a Redutitul counter J he uSE the centre. A very pleasant
young couple, two-year-old boy and family of four (children 16
in village 35km from Berlin.
baby. Breakfast and evening meal and 20). The flat is beautifully
included. Lovely, spacious room in a flat
Very green! Young and friendly
homeowner. Internet access. decorated. Half board (very
in smart residential area near Tiergarten good cuisine), Two dogs. Non-
Park and embassies. (€290) 15 minutes to train station. (€170
with breakfast) smoking girls only, (€200)
3 Workin groups. Discuss the order you chose LISTENING

and why.
6 Listen to a conversation between an English
man, Shola, and a German woman, Anastasia,
VOCABULARY Describing areas who has a room to rent. Work in pairs and
discuss the questions.
4 Complete the descriptions of areas in a city with
these words. 1 Which of the places in Exercise 1 is he visiting?
2 Do you think he’ll rent the room? Why? / Why not?
| rough isolated connected smart
dead multicultural filthy lively 7 With your partner, decide which of these
sentences are true based on what you heard.
1 There are a lot more bars and restaurants than there Listen again and check your answers.
used to be, so it’s quite ____ at night now.
1 Shola walked to the area to meet Anastasia.
2 There’s a lot of crime and quite a few social
The flat is on a main road.
problems, so it’s a bit
WN
The area has changed over recent years.

3 A lot of immigrants have settled there so it’s a lot
more _____ than it was in the past. The weather is sunny and warm on the day they meet.
nat
4 \t used to be a fairly cheap, working class place, but The building where the flat is is old.
it’s become a very ____ residential area — and Anastasia’s been looking for a tenant for a while.
very expensive!
Anastasia suggests they can share the cooking.
5 It's in the middle of nowhere. You basically need a
on
car or you'll be a bit Shola really likes rap music.
6 The streets are_____—. They're covered in litter

and there’s graffiti everywhere. GRAMMAR
7 There’s absolutely nothing to do around there so it’s
pretty _____ at night. There isn’t even a café.
8 It’s better________—s than it was thanks to the new Comparing now and the past
tram line, We often make comparisons between situations and
things as they are now and as they were in the past.
Write a list of areas you know. Then work in
There are a lot more bars and restaurants than there
pairs. Swap your papers and ask What's X like?
used to be.
Answer using language from Exercise 4.
8 Look at these sentences from Exercise 4andthe 10 Match the questions (1-6) with the replies (a—f).
conversation. Then work in pairs and answer the Notice the phrases in bold.
questions. 1 Would it be OK if | have friends to visit?
There are fewer cars on the road than before. Would you mind if| cooked for myself sometimes?
WN
eee).
There’s much less crime now. Do I have to be home before a certain time?
x=
It’s more popular than jt used to be. Can I use the washing machine whenever | like?
ok
I’m much thinner than | was. Would it be possible to move a table into my room?
It was so much worse in the past. Is it OK if| play music in my room?
NDS
I'm not as fit as | used to be. No, not at all — as long as you're quiet if you're
=p
Q
back late.
1 Which sentences use nouns in the comparisons? b I’m afraid not, no. The two we have are needed
Which use adjectives? downstairs.
2 When do you use fewer to compare and when do c Not at all — as long as you clean up after yourself.
you use /ess?
d it depends how long for. It's fine if it’s just a few
3 What time words and phrases are used to refer to days.
the past? e Of course, within reason. Obviously, you shouldn't
4 What usually comes first in the sentence — the play it too loud.
situation now or the situation in the past? f Within reason. Obviously, | don’t want you washing
5 What do you remember about the rules for clothes in the middle of the night!
comparative adjectives from Unit 6?

PRONUNCIATION
9 Work in groups. Discuss the questions. 11 EXEZ Listen to the exchanges from Exercise 10
« What’s better and what's worse about your area now and check your answers. Notice how some
compared with the past? words are linked together.
+ What's better and what's worse about the city or 12
Work in pairs. Practise saying the exchanges
region you live in?
slowly and concentrate on linking the words.
« What's better and what's worse about your country Then practise saying them as quickly as you can.
now?
« What’s better and what’s worse about your life 13
With your partner, roleplay a phone call between
compared with five years ago?
a student and a host family. Use as much new
« What’s better and what’s worse about the world than language from this unit as you can. When you
it was twenty years ago? have finished, change roles and have another
e For further practice, see Exercise 2 on page 177. conversation.
Student A: you are the student. Ask questions
about:
DEVELOPING CONVERSATIONS - the house.
- the area.
- rules.
Asking about rules - any special requests.
In the conversation, you heard Shola check the rules of the
house. For example: Student B: you are a member of the host family.
S: Is it OK if | cook here whenever | like?
A: Sure —as long as I'm not preparing something.
When we reply, we often say ‘no’ using /’m afraid not or
we suggest limits using as /ong as, it depends or within
reason,
Unit9 Houses 85
« talk about exhibitions, films and the theatre
* explain exactly where places are
« discuss nights out
use idioms connected to different parts of the body
describe different kinds of events
talk about plans that failed to happen and explain why
SPEAKING
+ Do you like the art in this photo? Why? / Why not?
« What point do you think the artist is trying to make
with this piece?
How often do you go to art exhibitions / the
cinema / the theatre?
What kind of art / films / theatre do you like?
Are there any exhibitions / plays on at the moment
that you would like to see?
Work with a new partner. Can you think of

an example of each of the different kinds of
people below? Do you have any favourites?
MeeeeennyeTeeeesernntetanetnnen tee eneaIeSOSeSSAAAneOeneeeeeeeeelSOe enn: see tececeecete cette eaten nee ty
@ painter a sculptor |
a director a DJ
a stand-up comedian a singer-songwriter
Bipris Going out 87

P-
*
oes “
/
ae
aa.
VOCABULARY Exhibitions, films and a They've got showings at 6.00, 8.50 and 11.00.
theatre b Johnny Depp and Morgan Freeman.

c It’s a drama about life in a rural community.
1 Work in pairs. Decide what the words in each of d Not much, really. There’s a musical on at the theatre
the groups below have in common. that might be OK.
a thriller / a classic / a documentary / a comedy e It's a collection of historical objects from Central
PWN =
a musical / a tragedy / a historical play / a drama America.

an installation / a landscape / a portrait / a sculpture It’s on till next week and the gallery’s open between
5
10.00am and 8.00pm.

soundtrack / special effects / photography / plot
It was great. The staging and the lighting were
©
5 acting / costumes/ lighting / staging amazing.
With your partner, give examples of as many of Nobody I’ve heard of.
eeee
the things in Exercise 1 as you can. | think it’s some kind of romantic comedy.
ae
A: One of my favourite thrillers is ‘Shutter Island: Do j There’s the new film by that Swedish director Lukas
you know it? Moodysson.
B: No, | don’t think so. Who’s it by? It's a series of installations by a Danish artist called
a
Jeppe Hein.
A: Martin Scorsese. It came out maybe five or six years | It was brilliant. The special effects were amazing.
ago.
Work in pairs. Think of one more possible
Match each question (1-6) with two possible
answer for each of the questions in Exercise 3.
answers (a-l).
1 What's on in town at the moment?
2 What kind of exhibition is it?
LISTENING
3 What's it about? 5 (ZF Listen to the first part of a conversation
4 When’s it on? between two friends, Dan and Jason. Answer the
5 Who's in it?
questions.
6 What was it like? 1 What’s on? 3 When's it on?
2 What's it about? 4 Where's it on?
6 [ESEG Listen to the rest of the conversation. coming back towards out _— facing
Answer the questions.
1 Where is the cinema? Mark it on the map below. 6 If you have your to the station, you turn
2 What time do they arrange to meet? Why? left.
7 lf you're the station, the shop will be on
your right.
8 If you're down the road away from the
station, Church Street's the second turning on the
left.
9 If you’re going up the road the station and
away from the river, Pemberton Road’s the second
on the right.
10 When you come of the building, you'll see
the cinema right opposite.
aA ae
‘ot --mce
PRONUNCIATION |
8 Listen to the gentenees iow Exercise 7
and check your answers.
ee ee
9 Listen again. Notice the pauses at the

punctuation marks. Practise saying the
sentences in the same way.
10 Work in pairs. Take turns to draw small maps

to illustrate each of the ten descriptions in
Exercise 7. As you draw, explain what your map
shows. How good are your partner’s drawings?
ii Think of three places near where you live or
study that you can describe using language from
Exercise 7. Then work in groups and describe
where these places are. Can the rest of your
group guess the places you mean?
DEVELOPING CONVERSATIONS CONVERSATION PRACTICE

12 Work in pairs. Think of a film / exhibition / play
Explaining where places are you want to invite other students to tonight. It
When explaining where places are, we often start by can be a real event or you can invent details.
mentioning places that we think will be known and give Decide what it is, why you think it’ll be good and
directions from there. For example, in the conversation where and when it’s on.
ee ee
13. Work with a new partner. Have conversations
ene: goesoe the ae ee wel, ifyFyou hee your
similar to the one you heard in the listening.
back to the station, you turn right down Oxford Road. Take turns being A and B. Use the guide below
to help you.
7 Complete the sentences with the words in the ‘Student A. ‘Student B|
boxes.
Ask Student B if they |
front off next at halfway fancy going out tonight
— Ask what's on.
1 You know Columbus Avenue? Well, the restaurant’s
about down there. Explain and say why you
think it'll be good. te
2 The bus stop is right in of the main
Ask some other
entrance to the station. _« questions.
3 You know the post office? Well, St Ann’s Road is the ‘Answer. Suggest a
turning down from there, on the other side ‘where / when to meet.
of the road. Agree to go. Ask where
it is exactly. Don’t accept
4 You know the cinema? Well, there’s a car park the first meeting time
the back. that A suggests.
5 You know the main square? Well, Hope Close is one
of the streets there. @« 18 To watch the video and do the activities, see the DVD ROM.
Unit 10 Goingout 89
BIG NIGHT OUT
READING 3 Match the sentences below to the people and
places in the article.
1 Work in groups. You are going to read an article
The nightlife is restricted by the government.
about typical nights out around the world. First,
3@
discuss the questions. They go out into the countryside.
SD Or IO
* Which day of the week is the main night out for you? Their night out often finishes early.
+ What do you normally do? People sometimes get away with breaking the law.
&
* What time do you go out and get back home? They don't like the wealth gap.
» How expensive is going out where you live? They think carefully about what they wear.
* What do you know about the places in the photos? They have been given some useful suggestions.
©
What do you think the nightlife might be like? They have changed a habit.
Js
2 Nowread the article. With the same group, 4 Work in pairs. Discuss the questions.
discuss your answers to these questions.
+ Do you think you are past anything? Why?
* Which night out sounds most like where you live?
+ What restrictions are there on nightlife where you
* Which night out sounds the best to you? Why? are? Do you agree with them?
* Which sounds the worst? Why? - Do you ever go to sports events?
How do you like to dress when you go out at night?
ee ~
an eo
oe oe
ee Sere aes ee.
a en x ws
A Friday might out here in the summer is quite special, as

the sun never sets. | usually start with a light meal — a little
sushi or something like that —- and then around midnight, |'Il
go and play eighteen holes of golf. I'm normally back around
four a.m. Saturday | sleep in till the afternoon and have an
early dinner — some puffin or whale. | usually go for a swim in
one of the natural hot springs till midnight. It depends on my
mood what I do next, but these days I’m a bit past clubbing,
so | tend to go for a walk and just enjoy our amazing
landscape instead.
eames
1
Akureyn,
Iceland
During the summer months, a Friday or Saturday night out

will normally mean a trip to see the Lotte Giants baseball team.
Before | came here, |'d had little interest in any sport, but one
trip to a game here was enough to convert me to baseball. | go
to every game now. The atmosphere is incredible. From start to
finish, most people are cheering and singing the team song, even
when the team is getting beaten badly. There's dancing, food,
drink, good company — everything you need for a good night out.
Thursday is the big night out in Tehran. Many students It usually finishes around nine, but by then I’m exhausted and
like me start the evening by going for a coffee or maybe head home rather than going on somewhere else.
sharing a hookah pipe. By twelve, the streets are dead,
though. The law says that no shops, cafés or restaurants
! came to Luanda to teach English.
are allowed to open past midnight, but don’t be fooled by
Since the discovery of oil, the
the silent streets — the city’s heart is still beating! We have
economy has boomed and attracted
4 JULIAN
a saying that what happens behind a closed door is no- a
a large foreign community. When pri,
one’s business, so a lot of people have parties at home and
| first came here we used to go to ‘Res
generally the police won’t disturb you. There are also a few
places like Super Jordan where the police turn a blind eye
restaurants along the bay and they nt
cost an arm and a leg! Even a simple Foie wie
and you can buy supplies after twelve.
burger is upwards of $20. It’s pretty 3) PR
shocking when so few local people Terry | rae a
could afford it and there is still so gona”.
much poverty. Recently, | started a Ce.
doing some volunteer work in a
school. Through my colleagues |’ve
been introduced to some places
where locals eat, which are miles
cheaper. Afterwards, we might go
on to a party in someone's backyard
and dance till the early hours.
GRAMMAR UNDERSTANDING VOCABULARY
Quantifiers Idioms
Quantifiers are words that go before nouns, for example no An idiom is a fixed group of words that mean something
chance, a lot of places, few people, etc. We use quantifiers different to the meaning of the individual words. You
to show the quantity of the noun we are talking about. can sometimes work out the meaning of an idiom from
the words and the context. If you look up the idiom ina
dictionary, it's usually listed under the entry for the noun.
5 Work in pairs. Match the quantifiers in bold in
In the article, you read /t cost me an arm and a leg and
the article with the basic meanings below. The police often turn a blind eye. We often use parts of the
not any body in idioms.
=
almost no Ss.
WN
some 8 Complete the definitions with these parts of the

body. You will need to use some of the words
a lot of be ae
more than once.
op
almost all
6 all arm back eye “face feet hand ‘eg
6 With your partner, explain the difference in use 1 If you turn a blind , you know people
between the following: might be doing something wrong, but you ignore it.
1 afew and alittle 3 much and many 2 If something costs an and a leg, it is very
expensive.
2 a few and few 4 noand not
3 If you give someone a , you help them.
4 \f you are on your for a long time, you are
standing. Afterwards, you will probably want to put
7 Decide which of the sentences below are true for your up — sit or lie down and relax.
where you live now. Rewrite the other sentences
using different quantifiers to make them true. 5 If you try to catch someone’s , you try to
get their attention.
Then work in groups and compare your ideas.
6 If you can’t take your s off someone or
A lot of people go out on Friday night, but | think most
something happening, you keep looking because the
people usually go out on Saturday. Of course, some
person or thing is so attractive or interesting.
poeple go out both nights!
7 \f you talk or do something behind someone’s
1 Friday is the night that most people go out at night.
____, you say or do something unkind when
There's very little entertainment at night round here. the person doesn’t realise what you're doing.
WN
There are a lot of good clubs near here. 8 If you make or pulla , your expression
Not many people are interested in cinema here. shows you don’t like something.
ob
There are a few good restaurants here. 9 If you say ‘I’m just pulling your it means
that you are not being serious, you're just joking.
Not many parents go out on their own once they’ve
oOo
had kids. 10 If asituation or argument gets outof__.._, it

becomes a problem that is difficult to control.
There are no buses at night so most people drive.
~
8 Women don’t get much hassle when they go out at 9 Workin pairs. Think of a night out you might
night here. have. Give examples of when you could use the
idioms in bold in Exercise 8.
When | go to a restaurant, | try to catch the waiter’s eye
to ask for the bill.
Thursday nights | occasionally

go and see a stand-up comedy
show, but at the weekend | 5 MAYA
mainly go clubbing as | love Montevideo, |
dancing. Because of the way | Uruguay
am and the way | want to live,
| dress in a certain way, which
sometimes attracts people’s
attention. But I’m not going to
change — as Oscar Wilde said,
you can never be overdressed or
overeducated! The only things |
don’t wear are high hee! shoes.
| can’t dance like | want to in
=a<== them, and if you're out all night : Si
your feet hurt too much by the EB gol
time you get home!
—— CO a
A CHANGE OF PLAN
SPEAKING e | was in tears by the end.
f The music, the audience, everything.
1 Write down three places you have been to in the
evening recently and think about the following: g | felt a bit out of place, actually.
+ where each place is * who you went with h We actually left halfway through.
« how often you go there + what it was like 3 Work in pairs. What are the opposites of the
words and phrases in bold in Exercise 2?
Now work in groups. Talk about your places and
ask each other questions to find out more. 4 Work in groups. Think of examples of the
following:
VOCABULARY Describing events 1 two artists / musicians / films that you think are quite
weird
2 Match the sentences (1-8) with the follow-up
2 two famous films / sports stars that you agree are
comments (a-h).
overrated
1 It was a great exhibition, but the paintings were quite
3 two films / TV shows / news events that you found
weird.
really moving
2 It’s not a bad film, but | thought it was a bit overrated. 4. two situations when you might feel a bit out of place
3 It was really moving. 5 two other things you could leave halfway through,
4 It was completely sold out. apart from a concert
5 It attracts a much older crowd.
6 The headline band were rubbish — just very dull. LISTENING
7 It was boiling hot in there. 5 [ZI Listen to three conversations about what
8 It was an amazing night. There was such a great people did last night. Answer the questions
atmosphere. about each of the conversations.
1 What kind of event was it?
a Honestly, we were really sweating and we could
hardly breathe. 2 Did they change their plans? If so, why?
b | can’t really describe them or say why | like them. 3 Did they have a good night? Why? / Why not?
c It wasn’t as great as everyone's been saying. 4 Did their experiences match what other people had
d It was absolutely packed in there. said about the event they went to?
"eS
ie a
.
7 oy
* *
EZ Listen again and complete the sentences Look at these sentences from the conversations.
with three words in each space. Contractions Answer the questions below.
count as one word. a Hans was going to pick me up at seven.
1 a Really? I'd heard it | was going to stay in.
b Maybe it’s because | didn't think it'd
It was brilliant — much better than | thought it’d be.
0 SO)
c And then you go and you just end up thinking it
was | didn’t think it’d be anything special.
2 a Oh, we didn’t go ! said I’d go with her.
0
b Well, that’s really good. It’s quite trendy, In sentences a) and b), did the plans actually
a8
isn’t it? happen? Why? / Why not?
c Oh dear. Maybe you just went on
2 What structure is used in sentences a) and b)?
3 a | thought you said you were going to have a
3 What were the original thoughts / promises that
b She mentioned she had for this play in sentences c), d) and e) are describing?
town. 4 What is 'd short for in sentences c), d) and e)?
c It’s had in the papers.
5 What tense is used in sentences c), d) and e)?
Work in pairs. Discuss the questions. es Check your ideas on page 178 and do Exercise 1.
« Who do you think had the best night? Why?
« Can you think of any recent films that had a lot of 9 Make sentences using the prompts below. Link
advance publicity? the ideas using but and so.
- Do you ever go to concerts? If yes, what was the last | / go out / feel exhausted / just stay in and go to bed
one you went to? Was it any good? early
- Can you think of anything that’s had great reviews in | was going to go out, but | felt exhausted so | just
the papers recently? stayed in and went to bed early.
1 They / have a barbecue / start pouring with rain /
have to cook indoors instead
| GRAMMAR
2 We/ go to the beach for the day / miss the train / end
up going to the park instead
The future in the past 3 She/ give me a lift / car not start / get a taxi instead
There are several different ways of talking about plans, 4 |/ walk here / start pouring with rain / have to drive
promises or predictions made in the past. Often the reason 5 |/stay in and study / a friend call me / go out / meet
these things are mentioned is because they then failed to
him
happen or to come true.
10 Work in pairs. Think of as many different
endings for each sentence as you can.
1 We were going to stay with friends, but ...
2 | was going to stay in last night, but in the end...
3 She said she was going to call me, but ...
4 | was going to buy a new one, but in the end ...
5 | really thought we were going to crash, but...
Work in groups and discuss the questions. Use

the future in the past to explain your ideas.
- Can you think of a time you had a last-minute change
of plan? What happened? Did it turn out well / badly?
- Have you ever been very disappointed or pleasantly
surprised by a film, party etc. you went to? Why?
«+ Can you think of any predictions that have failed to
come true?
- Have your parents ever promised to do something
and then not done it? How did you feel about it?
- Has the government / local council in your country
broken any of its promises? What did they say they
would do?
» Have you ever broken a promise? What happened?
Unit 10 Goingout 93
ONE WOMAN’S
CHOICE
Work in pairs. Discuss the questions. 4 Did Flora have a good or bad relationship with her
« Where do you think this photo was taken? mother?
+ What do you think life there is like? What problems 5S What does her mother think she should do?
might people have? 6 What do you think Flora will do?
Why might people from an area like this move to 5
CUREN Watch the final part of the video (4.27-
a city?
5.20). Find out what Flora decides to do — and
« Why might people from a city move to live there? the reasons she gives for her decision.
CORED Watch the first part of the video about a 6 Work in pairs. Discuss the questions.
woman, Flora, who lives near where the photo
+ What do you think of Flora’s decision and reasons?
was taken (0.00—2.34). Are the sentences true (T)
or false (F)? * Could you live where Flora does? Why? / Why not?
1 Flora grew up in the city. + In your country, where would you rather live: in the
city or in the country? Why?
2 Flora is uneducated. ‘ ;
* Do you know anyone who has made a big change in
3 She had an arranged marriage. their lives? Why? What happened?
4 The village they live in has no electricity or water.
5 Most of the Dorobo people raise cattle and farm UNDERSTANDING FAST SPEECH
crops. ; ;
6 Hernsennaieee Ses Raine 7 Read and listen to this extract from the
Seer ge een ce video said at natural pace and then slowed
7 Flora regularly sees her own parents and family. down. To help you, groups of words are marked
8 She sometimes regrets the decisions she has made. with / and pauses are marked //. Stressed
. 3 ; sounds are in CAPITALS.
Work in groups. Discuss what you think of Flora
and her situation and what you think she will do. FLOra’s FAMily KNEW / that she was LEAving the
CURES Watch the next part of the video, where COMforts of the City // for a ERED without Electricity/
Flora visits her mother (2.35—4.26). Answer the or ALmost ANY / MOdern conVENiences // a WORLD
questions. where it TAKES a FORty-MINute WALK / JUST to get
1 What kind of place is Arusha and why is it important? WaAter
2 How do you think Flora feels about the city? 8 Now you have a go! Practice saying the extract
3 When was the last time Flora saw her mother? at natural pace.
94
R FY VOCABULARY
5 Match the verbs (1-8) with the collocates (a—-h).
1 feel a north
GRAMMAR 2 rent b the waiter’s eye
1 Complete the text with one word in each space. = he caste

; 4 catch d ablind eye
In general, the crime rate '_____ fallen quite
dramatically?______—_—srrecent years. There are 5 pull e halfway through
2 robberies than there *____ five years 6 give f out of place
ago and there’s °______ violent crime. There were
s__sany murders last year. This may well have 7 turn g you a hand
something to do with the fact that there are ’ 8 leave h ashared apartment
policemen on the street than there®____—s—sitto. bee.
However, online crime has °_____ increasing
steadily over the °________—s few years. " Decide if these words and phrases are connected
bank account is completely safe anymore and to houses, the arts or areas.
2s bank is working hard to improve online
security. cramped an attic lively rough
a classic compact a patio staging
2 Choose the correct option. alandscape' aplot well connected dead
1 House prices have increased / been increasing 50%
in the last six months. Complete the sentences. Use the word in
2 | have littie / few interest in politics. brackets to form a word that fits in the space.
3 Alj the / Every people | work with really love the new 1 We went to see this really funny new stand-up
boss we've got. last night. (comedy)
4 \t was much better than | thought it will/ would be. 2 It was aninteresting_..—__—. It was a series of
—________ that all use mirrors in different ways.
5 The cost of energy isn’t as / more low as it used to (exhibit, install)
be.
3 It was good, It wasa_____ play set in the
6 We are/were going to go and see a movie, but we 1930s. (history)
didn't in the end.
4 It’s an amazing play. The acting’s wonderful and the
7 It’s not a bad area, but it’s not as well / good as it is very clever. (light)
used to be.
5 I'd like to study __.__—_—__at art college if | can.
8 Unemployment has / has been fallen steadily over
(photograph)
recent years.
6 It’s a nice place. It’s much more ____ than her
9 Would you like a few / little more cake? old flat. (space)
10 I'm a bit fitter than | would be / was this time last year.
7 It's not a cheap place to live, but it is quite
3 Complete the second sentence so that it has . (centre)
a similar meaning to the first sentence using 8 The government has recently changed its position on
the word given. Do not change the word given. . (immigrant)
You must use between three and five words,
Complete the email with one word in each
including the word given.
space. The first letters are given.
1 It’s better now than it used to be.
Hi lan,
Itwas_ sd than it is now. PAST
How are you? Hope you’re well.
2 There are fewer jobs available these days.
There_____jobs available. BE We're all on our last legs here. We've been looking
at houses for the last few weeks and it’s a very tiring
3 | was really surprised by how good it was.
| honestly didn’t___——s anything special, but it
process. We saw a lovely 'pil_____——_—sryessterday,
though. Do you know Church Street? Well, it’s in a little
was amazing. THINK
street 70_______ there, about halfway °d
4 They said they don’t expect to find any survivors. on the left. It’s only two minutes from the station, so it’s
They said there’s not_____——__ finding any *‘co__ so for transport and the area’s quite smart
survivors. HOPE as well — not much °*li_____ on the streets and
5 | usually do portraits, but | also occasionally do no ®°gr_____ on the walls or anything. Amazingly,
landscapes. though, the place itself is still quite 7af_______——. | was
, | do portraits, but | also do some expecting everything round there to cost an
landscapes occasionally. TIME a® and a leg. Anyway, it’s very modern —
newly-*b , | think — and it’s lovely and
6 Inflation was 5% at the start of the year and now it’s brs, with great big windows facing south.
almost 18%. There's a ''ga_____———_—for the car and a back
Inflation _________ the start of the year. "ga__ so forr the kids to play in.
DRAMATICALLY
We put an offer in this morning and we’re waiting to
4 [REED Listen and write the six sentences you hear. hear if it’s been accepted.
Review 5 95
* tell and participate in telling stories
* describe animals
* show emotions through pronunciation
* talk about challenges and achievements
+ discuss natural resources and the economy
SPEAKING
the questions.
* Why do you think the prisoners were given dogs?
+ Doyou think letting prisoners look after dogs is a
good idea? Why? / Why not?
* Have you got a pet? If yes, what and why? If not,
why not?
2 Look at the photos in File 16 on page 193 and

discuss the questions.
- Which of these animals do you like? Why?
* Are you scared of any of these animals? Why?
+ Would any of them make good pets?
SO WHAT HAPPENED?
VOCABULARY Movements and sounds
1 Workin groups. You have one minute. Which
group can write down the most names of
animals in English?
2 Workin pairs. Check you understand the words
and phrases in bold in the sentences below.
Think of two animals for each sentence that the
speaker may have seen or heard.
1 Oh look, what are they? Can you see them circling in
the sky above that cliff?
2 What was that? Did you see it? It just disappeared
into the long grass.
Oh look, what's that lying on the rock?
W
Did you see that? It just raced across the road.

fF
Oh, look! What's that thing crawling along the floor?

OW
Did you see that? Something leapt out of the water.

Can you hear that noise in the distance?
oman
What’s making that dreadful noise? Are they birds?

Can you hear that? There’s something moving
around in the bushes.
10 Oh, what’s that buzzing noise? It’s really irritating.
3 Tell your partner about six animals you have

seen in the wild or in your town. Try to use
language from Exercise 2.
When | went to Spain last year, | saw some vultures
circling above our campsite.
The other day, | saw a rat crawling along the railway
tracks.
LISTENING
4 [ED Listen to three stories about animals.
Answer the questions.
1 What animal(s) is each story about?
2 Where were the speakers at the time? What were
they doing?
3 How did each speaker feel? PRONUNCIATION
5 [ME Work in pairs. Decide in which story you EXESI Listen to eight sentences. Notice the
heard the following. Explain how you think each extra stress and long vowel sound on the
sentence is connected to the story. Then listen adverbs. They help to emphasise how we feel.
again and check your ideas. Then listen again and repeat.
a | really thought they were going to eat me. Underline the adverbs below that you think
b | managed to catch it and put it into a box. could carry an extra stress. Then work
in pairs. Take turns to say the paragraph.
Cc They were all making this dreadful noise.
Whose version sounds best?
d It’s so cute!
| don’t really like dogs, but | really hate some dog
e |t must’ve escaped from somewhere. owners. They can be so annoying — the way they
f She crawled through a little hole. talk about their pets like they were actually human
beings! They say things like, ‘Oh, my little baby. You're
g Honestly, | hope | never see another crocodile in my
so beautiful! Yes, you are. Yes, you are.’ It’s so stupid.
life!
What really annoys me, though, is the way they let
h We had to call the fire service in the end. their dogs run out of control. They even let their dogs
jump on top of you. Then, if the dog bites you, they
i Everyone ran away.
actually blame you. They say you scared the dog!
98
GRAMMAR DEVELOPING CONVERSATIONS
Past ability / obligation Helping people to tell stories

We use could with sense verbs like see, hear, feel, etc. Good listeners ask questions when people tell stories.
We use couldn’t to talk about inability or a specific failure. For example, in the listening you heard:
We use managed to to show an ability to do something F; /really thought they were going to eat me.
difficult ata particular time. E: Really? That sounds terrifying! So what happened?
We use had to for past obligations or for when there was F: Well, luckily, the guides managed
to stop the lizards.
no choice.
10 Complete the conversations with these

8 Work in pairs. Look at the mistakes crossed out questions.
in these sentences. Decide what the correct form
should be according to the Grammar box. What was that doing there? Seriously?
What was that? What?
1 | must put some fruit and seeds on the ground to
So what happened in the end?
tempt it down and when it came down | €aa catch it
and put it into. a box.
1 A: You'll never guess what happened last night.
2 We ean hear these little cries coming from B: Goon. '
somewhere, but we earn“t see her anywhere. A: Well, | was walking home when | suddenly saw a
3 We must call the fire service in the end, and they ear horse standing there in the street!
get her out. | saw something really strange while we were
9
away.
N909 On vean? 2...)
We saw this whale stuck on the beach.
9 Work in pairs. Choose four of the situations SS till alive?
below. Write two sentences for each situation Yeah! It was actually quite upsetting! We phoned
using had to, managed to, could or couldn’t that the police to see if they could organise help.
might explain what happened and / or how you : | was just about to put my shoes on when | found
resolved the situation. a scorpion hiding in one of the shoes!
1 Your cat got stuck in a tree. Really? *
mm
| don’t know. | guess it was just looking for

2 You were driving in the countryside and hit a sheep.
somewhere to sleep.
3 You fell and hurt yourself when walking in the
We spent hours trying to persuade the cat to
mountains,
come down from the tree, but it refused to come.
4 Your bag was stolen just before you travelled home H: Oh no. That’s awful! °
from holiday. G: Well, eventually, we gave up, but an hour later it
5 You locked yourself out of your second-floor flat. walked into the kitchen, looking for its dinner!
11 Listen and check your answers. Then

work in pairs and practise reading aloud the
conversations.
12 Work with a new partner. Each choose one of
these ideas for a story and spend a few minutes
making notes. Then tell each other your stories,
starting with Did J tell you what happened ...?
Help your partner by making comments and
asking questions as in Exercise 10.
* astory about your pet
* a story about a time you saw a wild animal
+ astory based on the ideas in Exercise 10
@c | 21 To watch the video and do the activities, see the DVD ROM.
Unit 11 Thenatural world 99

CHALLENGES AND ACHIEVEMENTS
SPEAKING LISTENING
1 Work in groups. Discuss the questions. 6 Listen to someone talking about the article
you read. How does he answer questions 6,
- Do you spend much time in nature? Where do you go?
7 and 8 in Exercise 5? Do you agree with the
» Have been to one of these places? When? Where? speaker? Why? / Why not?
What was it like?
- a desert
- a glacier VOCABULARY Challenges and
- the summit of a mountain
- the middle of the ocean
achievements
- Do you know any stories of people doing the 7 Complete the sentences below with these pairs
following challenges? Were they successful? of words and phrases.
Why? / Why not?
- sailing round the world set myself a target + achieve
- reaching the North Pole overcome many barriers + disabled
- crossing a desert scared + overcame my fear
- jumping from a high altitude peak + reached the summit
ambition + reaching my goal
tough + get through the pain
READING took several attempts + determination
2 Work in pairs. You are going to read an article. dreamt + my dream’s come true
First, look at the main photo opposite and discuss
the questions. 1 | climbed the highest in Europe — Mont
Blanc. | was so happy when | , | can’t
1 Where is it?
express it.
2 What's happening?
A year ago | did the Marathon des Sables challenge,
3 What might be the problem? which is a 254km race through the Sahara desert.
It was very , but | managed to
Read the first three paragraphs of the article and and finish.
answer the questions in Exercise 2.
Until last year, I'd never been in the sea because |
Work in groups. Choose six words from the box was So of drowning, but last year | had
and discuss how you think they will relate to some swimming lessons and | finally _____ . |
was so proud of myself!
Wilson’s story. Then read the rest of the article
and find out what happened. My biggest ever challenge was giving up smoking. It
and a lot of strength and , but |
barriers solo tent finally managed to do it. My son is very proud of me!
shot achievement blind
I've always of becoming a writer and
| partially disguise supplies
now because my book is going to be
| authorities expedition desperately
published.
ee
territory storm optimism

My is to become a millionaire before I’m
40 and I'm well on the way to
Work with the same group. Discuss the
questions, based on your knowledge of the |____—cof learning 50 words or phrases each
world, what you understand from the text and week. I’m sure | can ____ it.
your opinions. I’m blind so | think getting a degree and a good
1 Why do you think he was refused entry into Tibet job has been a big achievement as you have to
when you're
and Nepal?
2 Why do you think flying solo to India was described 8 Work in groups. Discuss the questions.
as ‘a huge achievement’?
What do you think is the biggest challenge /
3 Why do you think he ignored the climbing equipment? achievement in Exercise 7?
4 Why do you think he was starving, half blind and in What examples can you think of of successful people
great pain? who have overcome a barrier or disability?
5 What do you think happened to the Sherpas? Do you set yourself any targets for learning English?
Do you achieve them?
6 What do you think drove Wilson to do what he did?
What are your three biggest achievements so far?
7 In what ways do you think Wilson is the same
or different to the amateurs talked about at the What dreams or ambitions do you have? How close
beginning of the article? are you to making them come true?
8 What do you think of Wilson?
100
THE STRANGE STORY OF
MAURICE WILSON
i ooking at the photo — the clear blue sky and queue
of people — you might think that this is a group fe
He then managed to enter Tibet by disguising himself as a
Tibetan monk and walked several hundred miles to reach
walkers on a summer’ day climbing a popular local peak. the Rongbuk monastery at the foot of Everest
But this is the summit of
Everest — almost 9,000 metres high, with re Without a guide, Wilson set off up the
glacier. He frequently got lost among the
temperatures of -15and winds blowing at towers of ic e atid it took him three days to
50km/h on a ‘good’ day. Whats more, at reach Camp 2, which had been established
this altitude the lack of oxygen can cause by a previous expedition. There was climbing
confusion, slow your movements and equipment at the camp but he ignored it and
make it almost impossib le to keep warm. atid * * =
continued up the mountain. At 6,500 metres
Its so dangerous they call this place ‘the a storm hit and he was forced to sit in his
Death Zone tent for two and a half days. When the storm
Some argue that pictures like this create eased he struggled back to the monastery —
a false impression. They attract too many starving, half blind and his arm in great pain.
amateurs who have a romantic idea of reaching ‘the top of However, he rested for just two day before he tried again.
the world’ and are rich enough to pay $70,000 to make This time he persuaded two local Sher rpas to help him
their dream come true. However, they have no proper carry supplies up the mountain and guide him through
concept of the risks when they climb Everest. They rely the glacier. With their help he went higher up to Camp
too heavily on using fixed ropes and the support of their 3 but once again high winds and snow stopped them
guides and they don't have the skill or experience to cope going further. As the weather cleared, Wilson continued
when things go wrong. up the mountain on his own, reaching around 7,500
But amateurs on Everest are nothing new. In the 1930s, metres before returning to Camp 3. He was by this time
some eighty years before this photo was taken, a man exhausted and six days at such high altitude was giving
called Maurice Wilson attempted to climb Everest. him headaches. The Sherpas desperately tried to persuade
His plan was to fly from Britain and land on the Great him to give up, but Wilson insisted on trying one more
Rongbuk glacier, and from there go to the top. There time. The last words in his diary are still full of optimism.
were only, two problems — he didn’t know how to fly a ‘Off again. Gorgeous day.’ He never returned. His body was
plane and he’d never climbed before. found a year later, He was wearing green boots, a grey suit
and a purple jersey — almost as if ready for a walk in the
In fact these weren't the only barriers to achieving his goal.
park on a chilly London afternoon.
He had been shot during the First World War and could
uh partially use his left arm. The British government
ried i stop him even getting to India because they saw
him as anes rous; the authorities in Nepal and Tibet also
GLOSSARY
refused to let him enter their territory. a monk = a member of a group of religious men who live away
Incredibly, then, just two months alter his first flying from other people
lesson, he managed to fly solo all the way to India in a tiny a monastery = a religious place where monks live and pray
second-hand plane — a huge achievement for the time. a Sherpa = a mountain person in Tibet and Nepal
oaiatadined
es
-
|
— i
pane
-
-
ee
ae
par
ee
cS
—
NATURAL RESOURCES
READING
i Work in pairs. Discuss the questions.
1 Do you know which country has the most natural
at Ves
resources (oil, coal, gas, etc.)? iAf F og z
Which countries do you think produce the most oil

and coal?
Where do you think the biggest oil companies are Russia is the richest country in terms of natural resources.
from? It has the biggest reserves of natural gas and wood, In
addition, it has the world’s second-largest reserves
How long do you think the coal, oil and gas that we
of coal and the third-largest reserves of gold.
still have will last?
However, in terms of average wealth per person,
Do you think countries rich in natural resources are it’s not even in the top 50 countries.
wealthier than those without?
Read the fact file. Find the answers to the

questions in Exercise 1.
Match the words in bold in the fact file to the
meanings below.
India is the third biggest coal producer. In
1 use a resource or product terms of average wealth per person, India
2 take something out of somewhere, often with difficulty comes 130" in the world.
3 areas of a country where they take oil from the ground
4 the speed at which something is happening at the
aes ae
moment
The USA is the biggest oil producer in the world,
the available amount or supply of something that a
bigger than Saudi Arabia. There’s been some
country has
controversy about how it drills for oil in the sea.
make a hole (usually round) with a tool or machine
aS
MGT FOOT Ne “x =
La Y a
i
something causing disagreement or anger among the
public
ns mee - Soe ee bao = es
8 dig a big hole or tunnel in the ground to get gold etc.
if we consume coal at the current rate it
Work in groups. Do you find each fact in the will last for two hundred years. Some argue oil
fact file surprising, unsurprising, interesting or will run out in 50 years and gas will run out in 60
depressing? Explain why. years. Others say there is more than that, but it’s
very expensive to extract from the ground.
LISTENING Look at these sentences from the talk. Answer
5 EEA You are going to hear the introduction of a a_ This phrase was first used in the 1990s by the writer
short talk on ‘the resource curse’. What do you Richard Auty.
think it is? Listen and find out.
b Local people are often forced to leave their land ...
6 EEF Listen to the introduction again and c ... so that resources can be extracted ...
complete these notes.
d For over 40 years now, profits have been invested in
health care ...
‘Resource curse’ — 1990's — by ' Auty
1 What tenses are used in sentences a), b) and d)?
People in resource-rich countries * than others
2 What passive form follows modal verbs?
Four reasons: conflict, corruption, value of manufactured
products, ° 3 Which sentence gives the person / thing doing the
action? Which word is used to introduce the doer?
Conflict 4 Who or what do you think did the actions in the other
Local people * leave land. No compensation sentences?
5 want independence = civil war G Check your ideas on page 180 and do Exercise 1.
Corruption 10 Complete the sentences with the correct passive

Companies pay Officials to avoid ® form of the verbs.
1 Most of their gas and oil from abroad.
Manufacturing (import)
Manufactured goods like ‘ more ® 2 The city grew a lot after gold near there.
If you have no resources = manufacturing = economy (discover)
9
3 Wind farms over the country at the
moment, (construct)
Why not invest?
4 Solar energy is cheap here because it____ by
Economic = reduced investment the government. (subsidise)
Prices vary: 5 Locals don’t want the drilling to take place because
> fall = crisis they believe their houses . (damage)
> rise = currency rises = imports "' ; 6 More could to exploit our resources, but
exporting ‘ = factories can’t sell = less the government often faces protests. (do)
investment 7 Alot of money from our natural resources
but it wisely. (make, not / invest)
7 Work in pairs. Discuss the questions. 11 Work in groups. Use the sentences in Exercise
10 to talk about places you know.
- Had you heard of ‘the resource curse’ before?
Most of the gas in our country is imported from abroad.
* Do you think it is always true? Can you think of any
It mainly comes from Russia.
examples where it is different?
| think Dubai only grew after oil was discovered there.
* Have you any idea how it might be avoided?
8 [HEE Listen to a later part of the talk about a
country that has a natural resource. Find out:
1 which country it is. SPEAKING
2 what was discovered. 12 Imagine a natural resource was suddenly
3 what happened to the money. discovered in your country. What should the
4 what made this possible. money be spent on? Rank the ideas below from
1 (= most important) to 7 (= least important).
+ building more airports and motorways
GRAMMAR
* providing free university-level education for
everyone
Passives + building factories that can process the raw material

We make passives using a form of the verb be + past - giving $10,000 to every family
participle. + bringing as many women into the workplace as
We usually use passives when: possible
1
we want to focus on the person / thing affected by an « improving health care
action — rather than on the doer of an action. + increasing wages of people enforcing laws (police,
2 we don’t know who or what did an action. tax inspectors, judges, etc.)
3 when it’s simply not important — or it's obvious — who
Work in groups. Compare your lists then try to
13
did an action.
agree on the best two ways to spend the money.
Unit 11 The natural world 103

©
i.
t sh ne a v “
7 _
=
iA
+ describe character
« talk about your friends and family
* explain how people you know are similar
¢« talk about memories
* express regrets
« talk about relationships
SPEAKING
« What do you think the relationship is between the
different people in the photo?
+ What are the advantages and disadvantages of
living with your extended family?
Who are the oldest and youngest people in your
family?
2 Talk to other students and find who:

1 lives with more than one generation of their family.
has the most brothers and sisters.
NO
has the most nephews and nieces.

OOM
B&B W
has the oldest relative.

has a half-brother or half-sister.
has a step-brother or step-sister.
eee
has family members living in another country.

aI
3 Work with your partner again and compare

what you found out. What was the most
interesting thing you learned?
Unit 12 PeopleI know 105

VOCABULARY Describing character
1 Complete the sentences below with the words in PRONUNCIATION
the boxes.
Work in pairs. Say the adjectives in the boxes
creative intense loyal sensitive bright calm in Exercise 1 and decide where the main
stress is.
1 He’s a great friend to have. He’s very ____s — creative
always there for you when you need him.
(EI Listen and check your answers. Then
2 She's very . |mean, she draws, she paints,
she plays the guitar.
practise saying the adjectives with the correct
stress.
3 He’s one of the smartest guys | know — just very
clever, very
4 She’s always very and relaxed, even when
everyone else is stressing about things. 1 Can you think of three other things creative people
might do?
5 He's very . | mean, he gets upset very
easily and he takes things very personally. 2 What kind of things might a very charming person
often say or do?
6 Some people find her quite hard to get on with
because she’s so focused, so 3 In what ways is being ambitious a good thing? And in
what ways could it be bad?
ambitious charming competitive direct 4 In what ways is being sensitive a bad thing? And in
diplomatic modest what ways could it be good?
7 He's a very man. | mean, he’s very popular 5 Do you like people to be modest about their
with the ladies. achievements? Why? / Why not?
8 She's always very . She never upsets 6 Do you prefer people to be direct or a bit more
anyone or makes anyone angry. diplomatic? Why?
9 She’s very . She always says what she 7 Can you think of times when it’s good not to be very
means. competitive?
10 He's highly . He really pushes himself. 8 Can you think of times when it's a bad thing to be
very loyal?
11 He's very successful, but he’s also incredibly
. He never shows off or anything.
12 She's very sporty and very . She always
wants to win and she really hates losing!
106
5 Work in groups. Tell each other which adjectives DEVELOPING CONVERSATION
you think best describe the people below and
explain why.
« other people in your family hat’s like ...
« friends of yours When people tell us about the character or habits of
* yourself someone, we often compare the person to someone
‘similar that we know. To introduce our comments, we often
« other students in the class use That's like ...
J: Once he starts talking, he doesn’t stop!
LISTENING L: Oh, that’s like my mum. She can talk for hours.
6 Listen to a man called Lewis talking to his
friend, Jessica, about her family. Answer the 9 Match the sentences (1-6) with the comments
questions. (a-f).
1 Why does Lewis start asking about Jessica’s brother, 1 He never does anything around the house.
Noel? 2 He's only three and whenever he sees me, he runs
In what way is Lewis’s mum similar to Noel? up and gives me a big hug. It’s so sweet.
WN
What’s Noe! like? 3 He’s so serious. All he ever talks about is politics.
You can never just have a laugh with him.
What does Jessica think of her younger brother?
4 She just lets her son do whatever he wants. She
aonb
Why is she a bit annoyed at the end of the really spoils him.
conversation?
5 She’s very shy. She's not very good with people.
7 Listen again and complete the sentences 6 She works really hard and she’s very focused and
with three words in each space. Contractions ambitious.
count as one word.
a That's like my cousin. He finds it quite hard to make
Yeah, sorry. | had to__.___——__—s my brother, Noel. new friends.
=
| know. | was only _____ five minutes ... b That’s like my brother-in-law. He’s very intense.
nWN
OK, ________ , but she is very talkative. c That's like my brother. He’s only 23, but he’s already
running his own company.
No, he ____ to study Physics.
d That's a bit like a friend of mine. He never says ‘no’
| don’t think __=__ before.
either — and his kid's really naughty.
on
| don’t know. He’s just so sensitive. | seem e That's just like my sister. She’s really lazy too.
a lot, anyway.
f Ah! That's like my niece. They're so cute at that age.
7 You need to be ambitious, __._-_, or you'll never
make any money. 10 Workin pairs. Student A: read out sentences 1-6.
8 Weil, | guess you get________in the art world...
Student B: say the matching comment, but
change the people so the sentences are true for
8 Work in pairs. Discuss the questions. you. Then change roles and repeat.
« Asa child, which is worst: being the oldest, the A: He never does anything around the house.
youngest or in the middle?
B: That's just like my brother Dan. He’s really lazy.
* Do you know any brothers or sisters who are very
different to each other? In what way?
« Do you know anyone who has won a scholarship?
Where to? 11 Think of three family members you want to
« Which of these sentences best describes what you talk about. If you have photos of them on your
think about Jessica? phone, find them. Decide how to answer the
a She's too hard on her brother. She should support questions below for each person.
him more. « How old is he/ she?
b_ It’s fine to tell her brother what she thinks, but + What's he/ she like? Do you get on well?
maybe she should be more diplomatic.
+ Are you close? Do you see him / her a lot?
c She's right to be hard on him. He sounds like he
needs a push! + What does he / she do?
d She actually sounds quite sensitive herself! + Where does he / she live? Is it near here?
12 Work in groups. Talk about your family and

show photos if you have any. Ask each other the
questions above and any others you can think
of. Add comparisons with your own friends and
family when you can. Use That’s like ...
@« 22 To watch the video and do the activities, see the DVD ROM.

THE OLDER GENERATION
READING
» At what age would you describe someone as old?
*« Do you think it’s better to be an old person ora
young person in your country? Why?
» How often do you spend time with people of a
different generation?
» Have your grandparents played an important role in
your life? Why? / Why not?
2 Check you understand these words, which are

from an article you are going to read. Then
work in groups and discuss which words you
associate with grandparents. Explain your ideas.
|
| career wrinkly childcare indulgent
a pipe active sacrifice discipline
STRUGGLING TO FIT INTO

THE ROLE OF GRANNY
ad
Jean Winship is finding it hard to adapt to life

as a grandparent — and claims she's not alone.
lam a grandma. I've been trying hard to get used to the idea
ever since my daughter gave birth last year, but fourteen
months on, I’m still not quite sure how I feel. It doesn’t help
that my daughter has started referring to me as Granny Jean.
Obviously, I’m happy for my daughter and think her son,
Ollie, is gorgeous, but Granny? | 1 only recently
turned 50. I still have a career, big nights out and holidays in who fought for the freedom to get out of the home and have
unusual countries. a career: we want our daughters to have the same freedom to
I suspect that one of the reasons I’m not yet comfortable work, but are reluctant to give up our own jobs in order to
with my new status is that very little about my life matches help them. We might provide financial support instead, but
the vague memories | have of my own grandparents. My again that might mean making sacrifices, such as spending
dad's parents both died before 1 was born and the only thing less on the leisure and travel we enjoy so much.
I can really remember about my other grandfather was that On top of this, my notion that the role of grandparents is
he often smoked a pipe. I used to love the smell of the fresh to be indulgent also seems to be problematic. It’s true that
tobacco. ” After he died, Gran moved to a town by many grandparents today are often reluctant to discipline
the seaside and we'd go and visit for a week each summer. I their grandchildren because it breaks the unspoken rule that
have fond memories of her because she'd completely spoil us, grandparents should never interfere with their children’s
like we imagine grandmas are supposed to do. * parenting. Yet at the same time, it’s fairly obvious that a lack
She also looked like my idea of a typical granny: she was old, of discipline can produce spoilt children who rule the house.
white-haired and wrinkly.
Contrary to the common stereotype, the average Still, while there are complications, research also suggests
age for becoming a grandparent is still only 51 in the UK and there'll be benefits for me in the longer relationship I'll have
48 in the States. However, compared with our grandparents, with my grandson. A study in Contemporary Grandparenting
we're fitter and will live longer, which means we can found that such relationships are stronger and more two-
potentially play a more active role in helping with childcare. way than we perhaps realise. ’ However, research
With more women working and with the costs of childcare suggests that grandchildren increasingly contribute to the
rising, its estimated that almost 20% of grandparents now relationship by helping their grandparents stay up-to-date
look after grandchildren for more than ten hours a week. with changes in the world and ‘keeping them young’. Now
3 All of this poses a problem for women like me thats something I'd certainly feel good about.
108
3 Read the article. Find out: SPEAKING
1 what reasons the writer gives to explain why she’s
struggling with her new role.
7 The article is mainly about the UK. Work in
groups. Discuss how similar or different things
2 how she feels about being referred to as Granny — are in your country. Talk about the following:
and why.
+ the age of grandparents
3 which of her grandparents she knew best.
+ the role of grandparents
4 two stereotypes of grandparents that are mentioned.
« childcare — the cost and who does it
5 how the writer might benefit from her relationship
with her grandson.
6 why the writer mentions each of the words in GRAMMAR
Exercise 2.
Work in pairs. Put the missing sentences below

in the correct place (1-7) in the article. There is
Used to, would and past simple
When we talk about our memories, we can use used to
one sentence you do not need. and would as well as the past simple.
a Perhaps unsurprisingly, though, many say they'd
prefer to do less.
Look at these sentences from the article. Answer
b In China, they even have a name for this the questions below.
phenomenon — ‘Little Emperors’.
a He often smoked a pipe.
c She'd take us to the circus, buy us sweets and cook
us our favourite meals. b / used to love the smell of the fresh tobacco. I’d
sometimes even open the tin when he wasn’t there
d The name just doesn’t seem right. to smell it.
e We typically think it’s grandparents that give most, c After he died, Gran moved to a town by the seaside
whether that be money, love or wisdom. and we’d go and visit her each summer.
f | can’t be alone in having these mixed and complex d She was old, white-haired and wrinkly.
feelings.
1 Which forms in bold show a habit or regular event in
g Grandparents like travelling too. the past?
h I'd sometimes even open the tin when he wasn’t 2 Do you know how to form the negative of used to?
there to smell it.
3 Which forms are used to talk about a past state, such
Each group of phrases (1-8) has the same word as having, liking and being?
missing. Find the mising words in the article. 4 Which form do we use to talk about single events in
1 have vague ~ of/ have some wonderful ~ of/ one of the past?
my earliest ~ is of
G Check your ideas on page 181 and-do Exercise 1.
2 ~ to what most people believe / ~ to the stereotype /
~ to what you may have heard 9 Complete the texts with one word in each space.
3 ~ to him, I'm doing well / ~ to our grandparents, Contractions count as one word.
we're fitter / ~ to other countries
1 My brother used to ' really naughty when
4 play an active ~ in their lives / play a minor ~ / the he ? younger. He ? write on the
traditional ~ of the husband walls and he # never do what my parents
5 it’s ~ that 30% of grandparents work / it’s ~ that told him. He often ° fights at school too.
fewer than one in six men help in the house 2 Weused '______—s go camping a lot when |
6 they gave me the ~ to choose / they're restricting 2a kid. We usually ° by the
our ~ / fight for the ~ to have a career beach. We'd 4 swimming every day and
do lots of sunbathing. One year, we ° to
7 they’re ~ to help / he was ~ to leave / we're ~ to Slovakia and ° a week there.
give up our freedom
8 ~ to the relationship / all our kids ~ to the
10 Work in pairs. Tell your partner about two of
housework / he didn’t ~ much to the discussion the things below. Try to give an example of one
particular incident you remember.
Write four true sentences using phrases from + your memories of a grandparent
Exercise 5. Then work in groups and share your
ideas. * someone you know whose character has changed
One of my earliest memories is of sitting on my + your memories of summer holidays with family
grandmother's knee. It was a sunny day and we were + a free-time activity you no longer do
outside under a tree somewhere.
* the lunch break when you were at primary school
Unit 12 PeopleIknow 109

Om
HOW DO YOU KNOW EACH OTHER?|

SPEAKING [2EF Listen again. Are the sentences true (T) or
false (F)?
1 Work in groups. Talk about how you got to know
1 a Nicolas once spent a summer working as a waiter.
two of your closest friends and, if you have one,
b He complained to his boss in the café about the
your girlfriend / boyfriend or partner. Use some
way he was being treated.
of the language below.
a Sandra remembers him as a very outgoing person.
- We grew up together. b. Sandra is glad they split up.
+ We met at primary / secondary school. a Nicolas and Shane, the friend he met while
travelling, are very different to each other.
+ We met at university / work.
b Two years ago, Shane visited Nicolas from
+ We met through a friend. Australia.
+ We met at a party. a Brigitta, his girlfriend, thinks Nicolas has a very
- It's along story! different character to her.
b She made the first move in their relationship.
a Franck, Jef and Nicolas used to live together.
LISTENING b Franck regrets he’s no longer friends with Jef.
2 EXEZI Listen to five people talking about how Work in pairs. Discuss the questions.
they know a Belgian man called Nicolas. Match Why do you think Sandra (his ex-girlfriend) and
each speaker (1-5) to one of the sentences Brigitta (his current girlfriend) have such different
below. There is one sentence you do not need. views of Nicolas?
a They met while travelling round a country. Do you think you show different sides of your
personality in different situations? Give examples.
He / She shared a bad experience with Nicolas.
Do you think you've changed in the last year? The
ce OF
They didn't like each other to begin with.

last five years? The last ten years?
iD
He / She fell out with a friend of Nicolas's.

Have you ever fallen out with anyone? When? Why?
She’s an ex-girlfriend of Nicolas’s. Are you friends again now?
She's going out with Nicolas.
110
4 | wish I'd tried harder at school.
5 | really wish we hadn't moved house.
6 Honestly, | wish | hadn’t said anything.
7 | wish | hadn’t gone to the meeting.
8 | sometimes wish they'd given me a different name.
PRONUNCIATION
[REZ] Listen to the sentences in Exercise 6.
Notice that in natural speech, the ‘d’ in J’d
and the ‘? in hadn’t are hardly heard at all.
Practise saying the sentences as quickly as
you can.
Write three sentences about things you wish

you had / hadn’t done in the past. Then work in
groups and talk about your regrets.
(@- For further practice, see Exercise 2 on page 181.
VOCABULARY Relationships
9 Check you understand the phrases in bold. Then
put the lines into the correct order to make two
stories.
Story 1
a We were very close at secondary school.
b sol made new friends and we slowly drifted apart.
c Then he started dating this girl and he spent more
time with her
d but! can’t remember the last time we met up.
e We still keep in touch via Facebook from time to time,
GRAMMAR
f We used to hang out all the time together.
Expressing regret using wish Story 2
5 Look at these sentences from the listening. g A few years later, | bumped into her through work.
Complete the rules in the Grammar box below. h and! ended up removing her from all my social
a /sometimes wish we'd stayed together. media.
b / wish we hadn’t split up. i We were friends for a while before | went to
university,
j and we've remained friends ever since.
To express regret about things in the ' , We use k but then we fell out over something stupid
wish +? tense. To express regret about things
that didn't happen, but that we wanted to happen, we | At first it was awkward but then we actually got on
use wish + 3 + past participle. To express regret really well
about things that did happen, but that we didn't want to
happen, we use wish + * + past participle.
Work in groups. Discuss the questions.
* Who did you hang out with when you started
secondary school? What did you do? Have you
(@ Check your ideas on page 181 and do Exercise 1.
remained friends? Why? / Why not?
6 Work in pairs. Think of possible things that were Have you ever been close to someone but then
drifted apart? Do you regret it?
said before / after these sentences.
For number 1, maybe it was something like this: ‘I * How many people do you keep in touch with? How?
asked her out on a date, but then she told me she was
How often do you actually meet up?
married. | wish I'd known before | asked her! | felt so + Have you ever removed anyone from your social
stupid.’ media? Why?
1 | wish I'd known. « Can you think of any friends who fell out? Why?
2 | wish I'd met him. Did they become friends again? Did it cause any
awkward moments?
3 | wish they’d told me earlier.

+
&
_ ey
_ y al) qs ES
i
=> 4 R
1 Read the introduction to the video and check 4 Work in pairs. Explain how the words and
you understand the words and phrases in bold. phrases in Exercise 3 are connected to the
It is widely accepted that the human race originally people and what they said.
came from Africa and migrated round the whole world,
but less is Known about the routes our ancestors took
5 Which people see a connection between
to reach where we all live now. National Geographic’s their ancient ancestors and their lives now or
Genographic Project aims to trace those routes by their immediate family? In what way? Watch the
collecting DNA samples like those being taken in the video again to check your ideas.
photo from thousands of people in 400 countries, from
the smallest village to the largest cities. Working with 6 Work in groups. Discuss the questions.
IBM, the samples are analysed through a process called * Is there much interest in family history in your
computational biology, which reveals the genes in country? Why do you think that is?
our DNA that people from very different places share.
How much do you know about your great-
The goal of the project is to unlock the secret of the
grandparents and your great-great grandparents?
connections between us and to show how they go right
back to the distant past. Can you trace your family back further? Would you
like to know more? Why? / Why not?
+ Why else might someone have a DNA sample taken? UNDERSTANDING FAST SPEECH
+ What other secrets might DNA reveal about 7 [CES Read and listen to this extract from the
someone?
- Have you heard any news stories about DNA? down. To help you, groups of words are marked
3 (EEN Watch the video about the Genographic sounds are in CAPITALS.
Project and four Americans who took a DNA test
in New York’s Grand Central Station. Match the YOU STARt OFF // in AFrica // ALL those YEARS aGO /
words and phrases that you hear with the people. just like EVerybody ELSE / ALL over the WORLD //
1 Didi, Minneapolis 3 Cecille, New York AND aROUND / FORty-FIVE THOUsand years aGO /
2 Frank, California 4 J. W., Brooklyn after Llving in AFrica / for a VERY LONG TIME / a Little
GROUP / of YOUR ANcestors // LEFT AFrica / and
a adaptable g New York City cop
MOVEd up into the Middle EAST
b Aztec blood h people person
c The Baring Strait i proud 8 Now you have a go! Practice saying the extract
d cultivation of crops j South East Asia
at natural pace.
e killed them k stone blades

f Middle East | Spanish
112
REVIEW 6 5
VOCABULARY
Match the verbs (1-8) with the collocates (a—h).
1 overcome a a dreadful noise
GRAMMAR 2 set b over money

3 fall out c a target
1 Complete the text with one word in each space.
4 get d the pain
|'____sup in the countryside and me and my
younger brother 2 to love looking for animals. 5 take e upset easily
We ?______ go into the forest and the fields trying 6 make f barriers
to find things. We * to be careful, though,
because there were some dangerous things out there. 7 reach g things personally
My brother © once bitten by a snake and 8 get through h the summit
nearly died, but luckily we © to get him toa
doctor just in time. | wish I’d taken better care of him, Complete the sentences with the best prepositions.
but back then | ’ used to worry about things 1 I've been really stressing how I’m going to
like that. For special festivals, animals ®*______ killed find a job after university.
and eaten. The first time | saw an animal get killed, |
was so shocked | could % speak! Most people 2 | like being able to play an active role my
have stopped killing their own animals, though, as good grandchildren’s lives.
quality meat can '° bought everywhere these 3 I'm trying to get fit at the moment. I’ve set myself a
days. target running five kilometres a day.
Complete the second sentence so that it has 4 | managed to get top grades in the test. I’m quite
a similar meaning to the first sentence using proud______—s myself.
the word given. Do not change the word given. 5 We could hear this strange noise the
You must use between three and four words, distance. It was quite scary.
including the word given.
1 We’ve redecorated the flat since the last time you brackets to form a word that fits in the space.
visited.
The flat you last visited. SINCE 1 He's very . | mean, he makes things, he
writes a lot and he plays the violin. (create)
2 You'll need to pay the full fee before you arrive.
2 He was born without legs and yet he’s managed to
The full fee in advance. SHOULD
overcome severe and become a well-
3 | had really long hair when | was younger. respected politician. (able)
|____—srreally long hair when | was younger. TO
3 My sister is always very . | mean, she
4 They usually collect the rubbish every Wednesday. really hates losing. (compete)
The rubbish every Wednesday.
4 She’s really . She really pushes herself.
NORMALLY
She’s going to go a long way. (ambition)
5 It was so cold that | lost all feeling in my hands.
5 He’s a great player. He has this real to win.
It was so cold that | my hands at all. NOT
(determined)
6 It’s ashame | didn’t practise more when | was
6 To be good at tennis, | think you need to very intense
younger.
and very . (focus)
|___d more when | was younger. WISH
Choose the correct option. Complete the text with one word in each space.
The first letters are given.
1 | had such a bad cold that | could / couldn't hardly
speak. We were best friends at school. | mean, we were very
‘cl . We used to *ha out together
2 | wish! wouldn't have / hadn't mentioned it to a lot. She was very “br , very smart and
anyone now. | respected that. She’s from a poor family, but she
3 | looked everywhere, but | didn’t manage / managed managed to ‘ov poverty and become very
not to find it. successful. She once told me that she’d always
®dr of becoming a lawyer and she managed
4 | applied for about 50 jobs and in the end | managed
to reach that °go and make her dream
to / could find one.
*s true.
5 To be honest, | regret to te/// telling my parents
Despite her achievements, though, she was always
about it.
very ®mo — she never showed off or anything.
6 My grandfather used to / would be very direct. He However, she started “da this guy | didn’t
always said what he meant! like and our lives went in different directions. | tried
7 Something really strange was happened/ happened to talk about it with her once, but she’s incredibly
to me yesterday. ses and took it badly. She saw it as a
personal attack. She ''re me from her
8 | went/ used to go to Texas for a month with my social media and we haven't talked for ages. The
parents when | was eleven. thing is, though, she'll be at an old friend’s wedding
this weekend and I’m really hoping it won't be too
4 [EME Listen and write the six sentences you hear. aw
___ or difficult!
Review 6 113
+ talk about journeys
* explain travel problems
* discuss immigration
- reflect on past events
* use extreme adjectives to make descriptions more
interesting
+ talk about problems and whose fault they are
SPEAKING
1 Imagine you are the man in the photo. Think
about the questions below.
+ Who are you? What do you do?
» Where are you from? Where are you trying to
get to?
+ What's happened? Why?
« What are you going to do next?
2 Work in pairs. Take turns to tell your stories.

Your partner should sympathise and ask extra
questions.
questions.
- Do you usually take a lot of luggage on holiday or
do you travel light? Why?
* Do you know anyone who has spent a few months
travelling? Where did they go?
« What's the longest journey you've ever taken?
How long did it take door-to-door?
HOW WAS YOUR JOURNEY?
VOCABULARY Ways of travelling and
travel problems
i Put the words in the box under the correct
heading in the table. Some words can go under
more than one heading.
tyre security line crossing

| traffic lights take-off carriage deck
platform bend harbour check-in desk
By train By ferry | By car By plane |

i
2 Work in pairs. Add two more words to each

group in the table.
3 Complete the sentences with nouns from
Exercise 1.
1 | was waiting on the wrong and so | ended :-
up missing my train! ae cearevsgememam
+ —_—,
penenserer oh
2 The sea was really rough. It was pouring with rain

and very windy, so we couldn't go out on
3 We gota flat___-_ on the motorway and had to
stop and change it.
4 | hate flying. | get really anxious — especially during
and landing.
5 Last time we came over it was quite rough, but this
time we had a very smooth _____. It was lovely.
6 There'd been a terrible storm and there were trees
onthe___=___, so the train was delayed for ages.
7 | got stopped going through ___ and they
confiscated a little penknife that I’d forgotten to take
out of my bag.
8 It was terrifying. The taxi driver overtook another
car on quite atight_______——_—-. You couldn't see if
anyone was coming in the opposite direction.
4 Work in pairs. Look at the photos. Discuss what

is good and what is bad about each way of
travelling. Which way do you prefer? Why?
LISTENING
5 [MEM Listen to two conversations about journeys
and answer the questions.
1 How did the people in each conversation travel?
2 What three problems did each have?
6 [EME Can you remember what these adjectives

were used to describe? Work in pairs and
compare your ideas. Then listen again and
check.
Conversation 1: huge bumpy _ terrifying
Conversation 2: slippery wrong stupid hurt
116
7? Work in groups. Discuss the questions. 11 Replace the words in italic in the sentences
+ How long before your flight do you usually get to the with the phrasal verbs that were used in the
airport? Why? conversations. Then look at Track 61 on page
+ Have you ever missed a flight? Why? 208 and compare your ideas.
* Has anything strange or scary ever happened to you 1 Andre didn't want to spend too long sitting, waiting
while flying / driving? and not doing much at the airport.
2 | don’t want to experience that again, | can tell you!
+ Can you drive? What are your strong points and
weak points as a driver? 3 Do you want to go and get something to eat, or do
+ Do you agree with Lara’s comments about male you want to register at the hotel first?
drivers? 4 Well, to begin with, it was still dark when | started
my journey.
5 And then it immediately started to rain very heavily,
so the roads were really slippery.
S ee 6 | couldn't find an answer to the problem of where |
was or where | was going!
How come?
In conversations, we often use How come...? instead of 7 When | finally returned onto the right road, | almost
Why ...? had an accident.
K: | had a bit of a nightmare getting here. 8 | did have to stop and park the car for a few minutes
to stop feeling so angry and upset.
Ll: Oh really? How come?
Notice that after How come we use sentence order rather 12 Add the missing particle to these sentences.
than question order: 1 We set at five in the morning, so I’m exhausted.
Why was it so busy? + How come it was so busy? 2 We didn’t have to queue because we checked
Why didn’t you take the train? + How come you didn’t online.
take the train?
3 We had to hang at the station for an hour because
my mum couldn’t pick us up till four.
8 Complete the sentences with how come or why. 4 | was exhausted. | left home at six in the morning and
1 So it took you so long to get here? | didn’t get till ten at night.
2 _______was the plane delayed? My child got into a panic and she wouldn't calm.
WI
3s S6 you left the car at home? We went absolute hell to get here, | can tell you!
onOo
4 ______syou know so much about trains? | was totally lost. | couldn’t work where | was.
5 ____ are you going to Vietnam, then? It started to pour halfway there. We were absolutely
soaked by the time we arrived.
6 _______sthey've decided to move to Australia?
13 Work in pairs. Answer the questions.
8 Work in pairs. Take turns asking and answering
the questions from Exercise 8. 1 What's the opposite of setting off?
2 Can you think of three different times when you
© Work with a new partner. Ask your partner four
might need to check in?
questions starting How come ...?
3 Can you think of three places where you might have
to hang around? Why?
UNDERSTANDING VOCABULARY 4 Can you think of three situations when you might
need to tell someone to calm down?
5 Can you think of three different things you might go
Phrasal verbs through in life?
A phrasal verb is a verb (put, throw, take, etc.) plus a
Particle (up, off, out, down, etc.) Often the meaning is not
obviously connected to either the verb or the particle. For CONVERSATION PRACTICE
example, when a plane takes off, it’s not taking anything
14 You are going to talk about a terrible journey.
and it goes up into the sky!
First, think about how to describe the journey
When you translate phrasal verbs, you may use just one
using vocabulary from this lesson. Invent details
word in your language, while others may be translated into
a phrase.
if you need to. Next, work in pairs. Take it in
turns to tell your stories. Remember to react to
Phrasal verbs appear in all kinds of text — formal and
the stories and to ask follow-up questions.
informal, written and spoken — but are more common in
speaking. Learn them as you would any other verb: for | Lhe r imitate in is activities, see the DVD ROM.
example, in groups connected to a topic or as they appear
in a text. Notice collocations and other phrases connected
to each phrasal verb.
Unit 13 Journeys 117

A BRAND NEW START
READING 4 Work in groups. Discuss the questions.
What problems do you think Hussain faced once he
1 Work in pairs. Think of five different reasons
was given asylum in Australia?
why people might decide to leave their country.
Then discuss the questions. In what ways do you think the experience of his
journey was an advantage to him?
+ Do you know anyone who has moved to another
country? Which one? Why? 5 Read paragraphs 4-6 of the article. Decide if the
Would you like to live in another country? If yes, sentences are true (T) or false (F). Underline the
which one? Why? If not, what might make you? parts of the article that support your answers.
Hussain works for a small printing company.
2 Read the first three paragraphs of the article ;
below. Find out: - He has no regrets about leaving Afghanistan.
1 where the people in the photo are from and where 3 Businesses started by immigrants don't generate
they are trying to get to. much money.
2 why Hussain Bashardost made this journey. 4 The journeys made by refugees often make them
more afraid of risk.
3 what difficulties he faced on his journey.
The journeys can help refugees get better at making
4 what happened to him in the end. :
deals.
3 Work in pairs. Discuss why the numbers and 6 The writer is critical of the way immigration is often
things below were mentioned. Read the article discussed.
again and check your ideas.
6 Work in pairs. Look at the words and phrases in
1 sixteen 6 four times bold in the two parts of the article. Decide what
2 $5,000 7 three days they mean from the context.
3 one bedroom 8 400 people
4 ten 9 80 hours
5 eight other people 10 nine months
“EEE” § OVAL Darrell Banks considers the positive

i fi Pe ey U "| impact Australia’s boat people can make
s oie feo ; 5 : ;
ee sz While most people entering Australia
atrive at one of the country’s
international airports, relaxed alter
a comfortable flight, for some the
journey is far longer and involves
dangers most of us can hardly imagine,
Take Hussain Bashardost, for example.
A member of the Hazara ethnic minority, often targeted and treated
badly in their native Afghanistan, Hussain was just sixteen when his
family decided that it was in the interests of his own safety to get him
out of the country. He was driven to Kabul, the capital, where a family
friend paid an organised gang $5,000 to get him to Australia,
Hussain was then flown to Jakarta in Indonesia. He was met at the
airport by a man who took him to a tiny one-bedroom apartment,
where he lived for the next ten months with eight other asylum seekers
— some Afghan, some Iranian — all waiting; waiting to hear that their
boat was ready to leave. Four times he was driven in an overcrowded
truck to the south coast of Java; four times he was squeezed into a
fishing boat that really didn’t look as if it would last three days at sea,
let alone hold 400 people, and four times he ended up back in Jakarta
after being caught by the local police. If he hadn't been so determined,
Hussain could easily have given up and returned home.
Eventually, though, a boat managed to set sail and after 80 terrifying
hours on heavy seas, they finally landed on Christmas Island, Australia’s
most northerly territory. He had survived in some of the most hazardous
waters on Earth, but his ordeal was not yet over. Hussain was then
kept in a government detention centre for another nine months before
finally being allowed to stay in the country he now calls home.
118
7 Work in groups. Discuss the questions. 9 Match the two parts of the sentences.
* Do you know what kind of restrictions on immigration 1 The economy would've collapsed
there are in your country?
2 If it hadn’t been for the war,
+ Can you think of any famous immigrants into your 3 If | hadn't had that teacher,
country? What difference have they made?
4 If we'd left a bit earlier,
* Can you think of any famous people from your 5 The team might have won
country who have moved abroad?
6 I'd never have met my wife
GRAMMAR | probably would never have gone to university.
Op
if | hadn’t gone to that party.
if all the players had been fit.
CLG)
Third conditionals if the government hadn’t helped the banks.
We use third conditionals to talk about imagined situations we would've stayed in our own country.
=D)
in the past. They usually have two parts: an /f-clause we might not have missed the train.
referring to the situation and a second clause showing
results or consequences. 10 Work in pairs. Think of alternative endings for
1-6 in Exercise 9.
8 Look at these sentences from the article. Answer
ii Think of three important moments in your life.
Then write three third conditional sentences
a /fhe hadn’t been so determined, Hussain could to show how things could / would have been
easily have given up and returned home. different if they had never happened.
b /fl’d stayed in Afghanistan, none of this would’ve
happened. 12 Work in groups. Explain your sentences to each
other in as much detail as you can.
What structure is used in the /f-clauses? After | graduated from university, | spent six months
=
Which two modal verbs are used in the other clauses? travelling around Latin America, One day | was on a
WN
bus in Chile and | got talking to the guy next to me —

What structure follows the modal verbs? and he ended up becoming my husband. We would
What really happened in each situation? never have met if | hadn’t decided to go travelling.
G Check your ideas on page 181 and do Exercise 1. G For further practice, see Exercise 2 on page 182.
So was it all worth it? ‘Absolutely,’ Hussain tells me when

I meet him in the office of his printing company that now
employs six people and has an annual turnover of $500,000.
‘If I'd stayed in Afghanistan, none of this would've happened.
At best, my life would’ve been incredibly hard and I would've
struggled to have even a basic standard of living. I'm not
saying life here has been easy, but at least Australia has given
me a chance and | hope your readers can see I'm now paying
the country back.’
In fact, Hussain is part of a global trend that has attracted the
attention of researchers. A number of recent studies agree that
immigrants — and in particular immigrants who have fled their
own countries — are more likely to start their own businesses
than locals, with these businesses then making considerable
contributions to the national economies. Theories as to why
this might be vary. One idea is that refugees are less worried
about risk, as they have already risked everything on their
journeys out of their own countries. Secondly, refugees are also
often well connected, and may well have friends and families
in countries all over the world. Thirdly, they may lack the
necessary language skills or qualifications needed to succeed
locally and so decide to set up on their own. Finally, they often
possess excellent negotiating skills, which they have had to
develop on their journeys here.
Such skill sets are often forgotten among all the political
debate on the subject of immigration as, of course, is the fact
that most refugees have risked their lives many times over to
be where they are today. Maybe its time to recognise its not
just individuals that mature and grow thanks to immigration
— its nations as well.
Unit 13 Journeys 119

IT'S MY OWN FAULT
SPEAKING UNDERSTANDING VOCABULARY
How do you usually react when things go wrong? Do
you do any of the following?
Extreme adjectives
- | often panic. We often use extreme adjectives like freezing (= very cold)
| go very quiet. and boiling (= very hot) for emphasis. Extreme adjectives
I'm very relaxed. | usually believe the situation will make our descriptions more interesting. For example, in
the listening you heard:
sort itself out.
| usually organise people and focus on solutions. A: What was the weather like in Peru? Was it hot?
| blame myself. B: No, it wasn't, actually. We arrived at night, and it was
Who's the best / worst person you know in a crisis? freezing.
Give an example of a time something went wrong in E: How was Greece? Nice and hot?
these contexts. What happened? How did you react? F: Yes, it was. It was boiling!
- on holiday
- at work or college We don't usually use extreme adjectives in questions.
- making or repairing something Was the party good? NOT Wes-the-pertybrittarnt2
lf we want to make an extreme adjective stronger, we use
LISTENING really or absolutely. We don't usually use too, a bit or very.
It was really filthy. NOT Hwestee-tithy
2 Listen to four conversations about
It was absolutely amazing. NOT #+wes-ver-emezing-
things going wrong on holiday. Match each
conversation (1-4) to one of the problems below.
There are two problems you do not need. 5 Complete the exchanges with a basic adjective
a There was a problem going through security. and its corresponding extreme adjective. You
may need to change the order of the adjectives.
They had a problem with the heat.
There was a problem at check-in. angry — furious hungry — starving
OS
wet — soaked interesting — fascinating

They had a problem with the accommodation.
crowded — packed tasty — delicious
There was a problem with what they packed. dirty — filthy tired — exhausted
They got a rash on their skin from insect bites.
we
1 A: How did you find the museum? It was absolutely

3 Match these verbs to the nouns they were when we went!
used with in the conversations. Then listen again B: It was busy, but it wasn’t too
and check your answers. 2 A: You must be they’ve lost your luggage.
B: Yeah,|am. I’m absolutely
check choose go have
3 A: You must be after such a long journey.
pay put on stay weigh
B: |ama bit but | actually slept on the
plane for a while.
1 the forecast
4 A: You must be after such a long journey.
2 an amazing time
B: | am. |'m absolutely . Have you got
3 in a little place anything to eat?
a the first cheap place we came across 5 A: How was the journey back? Did you get
5 purple in that storm?
B: We got absolutely ! | didn’t have an
6 some sun cream umbrella or anything.
7 your bags 6 A: Did you like the food? | thought it was absolutely
an excess baggage charge
B: Yeah, it was quite , but I've had better.
Work in pairs. Discuss the questions. 7 A: The place we stayed in was a bit :
» Have you ever had bad weather on holiday? B: A bit? It was absolutely !| couldn't
« Have you ever had to complain about a hotel or believe it.
place you stayed in? If yes, what about? 8 A: I've heard Tabriz is a very city.
« Do you like to spend time in the sun? Why? / Why not? B: Yeah, itis. It’s . It has so much history!
«+ Do you ever travel on low-cost airlines? What do you

have to pay extra for?
120
PRONUNCIATION
6 Listen to the exchanges in Exercise 5.
Mark the main stress in the extreme adjectives
and notice the intonation.
7 Work in pairs. Practice reading out the
exchanges. Try to give emphasis to the
extreme adjectives.
8 Work in groups. Tell each other as much as you

can about places you have been to that were:
boiling, fascinating, filthy, freezing or packed.
GRAMMAR
Should have DEVELOPING CONVERSATIONS

We use should (not) have + past participle to talk about
things that went wrong in the past.
Blaming people
9 Look at these sentences from the conversations. We use it’s my/ his fault or | blame myself / him to say who
Answer the questions below each one. caused a problem. We often use should have and third
a We should’ve looked around more. conditionals as well.
1 Did they check lots of places?

12 Complete the sentences with one word in each
2 Was that the right decision? Why? / Why not?
space.
b | shouldn’t have stayed in the sun for so long.
1 Don’t me. You ‘ve read the small
3 Did the speaker stay in the sun a long time? print.
4 Was that a good idea? Why? / Why not? 2 It’s not fault we're late. If you hadn't
so long to get ready, we would
caught the train.
10 Work in pairs. Imagine what actually happened 3 It’s not my fault — it’s ! You were the one
in 1-6 below. Then use a third conditional to who was driving. You should’ve more
careful.
explain what would have been a better idea.
4 If you ask me, it’s your airline’s _.______. They
| knew we should've taken the plane instead of the
have waited for you for one more minute.
ferry.
5 |______sr myself. | should've listened to my dad. If |
We took the ferry, but it took ages and the sea was
done what he said, none of this would’ve
really rough as well. If we’d taken the plane, we
happened.
would’ve got there a lot quicker.
6 The problem could happened to anyone.
1 | should’ve worn something lighter.
It's nobody's . It's just one of those things
He shouldn't have been driving so fast in the rain. that happen.
N
You should've read the instructions more carefully.

13 Work in pairs. You are going to roleplay a
W
| knew we should've booked the tickets in advance. conversation. Choose one of the situations from
orf
His parents shouldn't have left him on his own at Exercise 11. Decide who will take which role
home. and think about how you will try to blame the
6 | shouldn’t have left my bag hanging from the back other person.
of my seat.
11 Work in groups. Read the situations in File 11

on page 190. Which group can write the most
should’ve / shouldn’t have sentences about each
situation?
(¢ For further practice, see Exercise 2 on page 182.
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talk about computers
explain and sort out problems
describe games
discuss issues around computer gaming
talk about apps and gadgets
SPEAKING
When do you think this photo was taken?
What do you think the equipment in the photo is
and what is it for?
How have computers changed since you first
started using them?
What do you think has been the most significant
change? Why?

questions.
» Which of the following do you have: a desktop? a
laptop? a tablet? a smartphone?
Which make/s do you have? Why did you choose
them? Are you happy with them?
Which of these things do you use computers to
help you do? How good are you at each one?
- prepare presentations
- design things
- edit videos
manage accounts
hold video meetings
- code new programmes
What else do you use your computer for at work,
when studying and in your free time?
Unit 14 Technology 123

MY COMPUTER HATES ME
VOCABULARY Computers
1 Label the picture with these words.
cable external hard drive mouse scanner cursor keyboard

| plug socket file menu printer screen
2 Complete the sentences with words from 3 Which of the sentences in Exercise 2 were said
Exercise 1. by someone who works on an IT help desk
1 | can click on the icon and see the drop-down and which were said by someone calling the
, but then when | try to select one of the help desk?
options, nothing!
4 Work in pairs. Think of six more problems
2 The reason it’s running so slowly is because the you could have with some of the things from
memory’s almost full. You ought to move some of
Exercise 1.
your files toan____————_—srto’ free up some space,
3 You need to check your connections again. Maybe 5 Work in groups. Check you understand the
you've plugged something into the wrong words and phrases in bold in the sentences
4 The_____ isn’t working. | don’t know why.
below. Then discuss the questions.
Maybe it needs more ink or something. 1 Can you think of three other things you can click on,
apart from icons?
5 | tripped overa_____ on the floor and managed
to knock the whole computer over. 2 To free up space where else could you move files to,
apart from an external hard drive?
6 You need to move thes over the image and
then the instructions should come up. 3 Can you think of two other reasons why computers
run slowly? What's the best solution?
7 | might be wrong, but it sounds like the _____————on
your power cable isn’t properly connected. 4 Can you think of four things you plug in?
8 I’m not sure why, but my ___ isn’t working. 5 Can you think of any other reasons why a mouse
It was fine yesterday, but I've just tried to scan a might not work properly?
picture in and I’m not getting anything. 6 What else might you want to scan in, apart from a
9 Next time, remember to make a backup copy of the picture? Why?
. Copy it to the Cloud once it’s done.
10 My computer crashed and when | rebooted it, the
was completely blank.
124
LISTENING Conversation 2
g No, not yet. Do you think | should?
6 E33 Listen to four phone calls to an IT help
desk. For each call, answer these questions. h My boss wants us all to start using this new system,
but | don’t get how it works.
1 What's the problem?
i Pve tried, but it didn’t make any difference. She just
2 What advice is given?
said we all have to switch!
[E823 Work in pairs. Say which phone call (1-4) j Yeah, try it. Otherwise, you’re probably best doing
you think each sentence is from — and why. Then an actual course somewhere.
listen again and check your ideas. k Have you tried talking to her about it? Maybe you
a You're not the worst offender. should tell her.
b It's stupid of me, | know, but | always forget to copy | Wow! OK. Well, have you looked on the Internet?
them. There must be videos showing you how to use it
somewhere.
Honestly, it’s driving me mad!
ELS ER
That's a disaster!
It’s the age we live in! PRONUNCIATION
SS SD
One minute. Let me just have one more look.

10 EME’ Listen to some of the sentences from
Yeah, try that and see what happens.
RE)
Exercise 9. Notice the way the main verbs

| need these things in plain English, you see! and nouns are stressed. Then listen again and
wo
repeat.
Which of the four problems is the most serious?
Why?
11 Work in pairs. Take turns to say the six
problems below and to give advice on them.
What do you think of the advice the IT help desk staff Use some of the phrases in bold from the box
gave? and Exercise 9.
Have you ever had any similar problems? If so, 1 The printer’s not working.
when? What happened? Did you sort the problems
out? How? 2 I'mtrying to download a file and it’s taking forever!
Do you know anyone who works in IT? Do they 3 | really want to get a new phone, but | can’t afford
enjoy it? one at the moment.
Would you like to do that kind of work? Why? / Why 4 My boss wants me to run our social media campaign,
not? but it’s too much responsibility.
5 | found my boyfriend texting other girls.
PEVELOMMS CEE Se ONS 6 My boss wants me to add him as a friend on
Facebook.
ANE e eRe Sa
Sa a ae ee
Sorting out Sones CONVERSATION PRACTICE

There are some common phrases we use when sorting out 12 Work in pairs. You are going to roleplay four
problems.
phone conversations between someone who
A: All my files have disappeared from the screen. works on an IT help desk and someone with
B : Have you tried rebooting at all? computer problems. Make a list of as many
A: Yes, | have and it didn’t do any good. problems you could have with a computer as you
can. Compare your list with another pair. Did
B : OK. Have you tried searching for specific files by
name?
they have any ideas you had not thought of?
No, not yet. Should |? 13 Now roleplay four conversations with your
o>
Yeah, try that and see if anything comes up. partner. Change roles after each conversation.
Use as much language from this lesson as
possible.
9 Put the two conversations into the correct order.
Notice the phrases in bold. @ | 26 To watch the video and do the activities, see the DVD ROM.
Conversation 1
a OK. Well, you can’t handle that file type, then. Maybe
you should email the sender and ask them to resend
it as a different file type.
Have you tried downloading it to your desktop and
seeing if you can open it from there?
Otherwise, | don’t know what else to suggest.
A
Yeah, but | didn’t have any success.

SOE
| don’t Know why, but | can’t open this file.

SAD
OK. I'll try that.
GAMES PEOPLE PLAY
SPEAKING 5 Work in pairs. Discuss the questions.
+ Do you know of any other games that have made
huge amounts of money? Have you played them?
+ How do you feel about computer games? If you have, what were they like? Would you
*» Do you ever play them? If so, how often? recommend them?
+ Do you know anyone who is very good at computer * How big do you think gaming is in your country? Do
games? Which ones? you know any locally produced games?
* How many different jobs within the gaming industry
can you think of? Do you know anyone who works in
VOCABULARY Describing games the industry? Would you like to? Why? / Why not?
2 Complete the descriptions by putting the words * Do you have any stereotypes of what a typical gamer
in brackets into the correct order. might be like?
1 It’s pretty basic. You move bricks in a wall so you
have three or more (in / of /same / the / READING
colour / row / a) and then they disappear. You
advance to the next level by clearing all the bricks 6 Read about three gamers. Match each of the
(time / the / out / before / runs). following to the people in the article. Which
2 Basically, you (the / role / of / take) an person:
army leader and you go on a mission to recover 1 enjoyed the fact that gaming used their imagination?
secret papers from the enemy base. (kill /
and / you / to / shoot / have) the enemy to reach your 2 has a large number of fans?
goal. 3 finds it funny that consumers get so annoyed about
3 Basically, you (build / resources / gather / poor service?
to) your own city. You can play on your own or
interact with other players. It’s very creative, so
VN la
(possibilities / endless / the / are).
4 It’s a driving game. You select a car and can change
it any way that you want to. You can play as one
player and try to beat your best time or you can
live.
(to / opponents / against / race / up / six)
Martin Percy, Sevenoaks, England
5 It________ (experience / to / you / allows) the
I'm 44 and I'm a computer engineer, so perhaps it’s
not surprising that I’m such a big gamer. I'm really
daily life of a farmer and you can make your own
modifications, which is really great. They
into simulation games, the kinds of things that let you
(the / the / look / game / of / enhance) and make it
experience what it's like to do something like fly a plane
more realistic.
or drive a huge truck — all from the comfort of your own
home. | have my own YouTube channel and 1 play live to
Work in groups. Describe games you know audiences of over 100,000.
using the phrases in brackets and in bold from I've always been interested in big machinery and the
Exercise 2. games are incredibly detailed. They feature traffic and
| sometimes play this game on my iPad called AcChen. buttons and everything, and are very realistic. The feeling
You have to find matching pictures and if you can of landing a passenger jet safely is incredibly exciting.
match all the images before the time runs out, then you | also love the social side of it. It enhances the whole
advance to the next level. experience. I read all the comments from other gamers and
enjoy interacting with them.
Contrary to expectations, by the way, I don’t live in my
LISTENING parents’ basement. I am married, I have three kids and |
4 [MEG Listen to some news about the gaming do have other hobbies as well!
industry. Find:
1 an example of how the industry has grown. Jessie, Taichung, Taiwan
2 a prediction about its future. I got my first desktop when I was at university, and to
begin with I wasn’t very keen on computer games. The big
3 how many people work in the industry.
change came after I graduated and found that I couldn't
4 why $500 million and one day are mentioned. get a job. | applied for hundreds of different positions and
5 a problem that the industry still faces. went for a few interviews, but without any success.
Around this time, I discovered The Sims and soon I was
completely obsessed. I don’t know if you know the
game or not, but its quite unusual as there are no fixed
objectives; its more like a virtual world where you can
create characters and stories, and so on. I loved the fact it
allowed me to be creative. After a while, though, I realised
that while I was busy trying to fulfil these fantasy versions
126 of my life, 'd more or less given up on my real life!
4 makes fun of the stereotypes of gamers? GRAMMAR
5 found gaming was having a negative impact on their
life?
6 is unable to do much online gaming? Articles
7 works in IT? The is known as the definite article. A / an are called
8 mentions something illegal? indefinite articles. In some situations, we don’t use any
articles at all.
9 had to overcome an addiction?
7 Work in pairs. Cover the article. Try to 8 Look at these sentences from the article.
remember which verbs went with these words. Complete the rules below with the, a / an or no
Then read again and check your ideas. article.
1 _________srwhat it’s like to do something 1 /'m a computer engineer.
2 traffic and buttons and everything 2 | wasn't very keen on computer games.
3 the whole experience 3 I've always been interested in big machinery.
4 characters and stories 4 | read all the comments from other gamers.
5 fantasy versions of my life 5 | got my first desktop when | was at university.
6 the habit 6 | read recently about all these organised protests in
the United States.
7 the kind of games we play
7 The feeling of landing a passenger jet safely is
8 money away from designers
incredibly exciting.
9 me laugh
8 Inthe end, | decided to quit.
a Weuse :
- before nouns when they are one of several, when
it's not important which one we mean, or when we
mention something for the first time.
- to say what people are.
b We use :
- before nouns when we think it’s clear which thing
or things we mean.
- before some place names.
- as part of some fixed expressions.
c We use :
- before uncountable nouns.
- with plural nouns to talk about things in general.
- after prepositions in lots of expressions with places.
(e Check your ideas on page 182 and do Exercise 1.
9 Complete the sentences with a, an, the or

X (= nothing).
In the end, I decided to quit. It was hard to break the 1 use of smartphones in____ class
habit, but it’s been for the best. I’m working now — for should be forbidden.
a aa
“ ‘ “ r
raat sells household goods — and I’ve met
< s S > >} res s oy 2g a ’ ee >
> computer games can be really
i its eae
See von good way of learning___ language.
Emerson Freetown Sierra leone 3 No-one should ever buy ____ pirate copies of
, , computer games or software.
Internet Len and — are still a ean issue in 4 I'd never take part in protest about
many areas here, so most of my gaming is done on my late release of part of game.
smartphone. Obviously, this affects the kind of games
we play here. It's not common to play games online with 5 I'm quite happy with _______ computer that I have
different friends. For us, playing multiplayer just means at _____ moment.
playing side by side! 6 ______Internet addiction is__.___ really
Another way in which gaming here is different is the huge serlous problem nowadays.
number of pirate copies on the market. I’m not saying its 10 Work in groups. Discuss how far you agree with
eae
good, because | know that its taking money away from Sone e y
> each of the opinions in Exercise 9. Explain your
designers and programmers, but without black market P P y
: ideas.
copies, people here could never play most games as they're ideas
too expensive. ¢ For further practice, see Exercise 2 on page 183.
One other difference here is that we don't get angry like
western people. I read recently about all these organised
protests in the United States because one part of a game
was released later than promised. It made me laugh. Don’t
get me wrong. I wouldn't be happy in that situation either.
It’s just that we have bigger things to worry about.
——— Se tate eee
ae ee ee! ED ee es
SPEAKING 5 a You set the timer and the heater comes on

__ at whatever time you tell it to.
1 Work in groups. Discuss the questions. b_ It's amazing. The light just comes on
«+ Do you know anyone who always buys the latest when you open the door.
gadgets, technology or software? Give examples of 6 a It's gotaveryclearuser_._ ti.
what they have bought or use. b The_____ isn’t very user-friendly. It’s quite
+ Do you know anyone who is a bit of a technophobe? confusing.
+ Have you bought any new gadgets, apps or software 3 Think of three gadgets, apps or pieces of
recently? What? Why did you get them? software that you have. Then work in pairs and
tell your partner as much as you can about them
VOCABULARY Apps and gadgets using language from Exercise 2.
2 Complete each pair of sentences with the same

word from the box. LISTENING
4 Listen to a podcast where three people
allows automatically built in review technology. What three apps and gadgets
interface recognise runs
are reviewed?
1 a Youtrainitto__.——_—sryoourr voice. 5 Are the sentences true (T), false (F) or not
b_ If you swipe too fast, it doesn’t____————syour mentioned (N)? Listen again and check your
fingerprint. answers.
2 a The whole house ____ on solar power. 1 The speakers choose the things to review.
b He’s got this new bike that____-__—_— on a small
battery. 2 The cry for help is supposed to scare off attackers in
the street.
3 a Ithasasensor____ that can tell what
temperature it is. 3 One of the speakers has had their phone robbed.
b The suitcase has GPS _=SsSs«i SO you can 4 You use the universal translator to translate texts to
track it wherever it is. and from a foreign language.
4a lIt____ you to record, edit and share videos. 5 Not all the translations are accurate.
b It___=S__ you to organise meetings, invite
6 James and a friend tried the translator when they
people and send reminders.
went on holiday.
7 It's very easy to fit the remote lock on a door.
8 You need to get an app to use the remote lock.
128
6 Work in pairs. Discuss the questions. Decide if the sentences below are correct or
+ What do you think of the three apps and gadgets? incorrect. If there is a mistake, correct it.
+ Do you ever listen to podcasts? What about? 1 | should get a new computer because it keeps to
crash.
» What things did you find embarrassing when you
were a teenager? 2 They should bring out an app to do my school
assignments automatically.
3 To make your own films is much easier with this new
software because the user interface is really clear.
4 | saved so much money after buying this gadget that
measures how much electricity is being used in the
Infinitive and -ing form house.
Verbs can be an infinitive with to or an -ing form. The 5 | never turn down the heating for to save energy.
choice of form is sometimes decided by rules, but in many
cases, there are no rules. It's just the way things are. 6 We're all guilty of to damage the planet in some way.
7 People need to get used to not drive everywhere.
7 Look at these extracts from the podcast. They should walk more.
Complete rules 1-6 with a-f below. 8 | took the laptop back to the shop and luckily they
1 We use the -ing form in these extracts because ... agreed to exchange it.
Having something like that on your travels has to be Complete the sentences so they are true for you.
good.
... What's more embarrassing — the translation or
Use an -ing form or an infinitive with to. Then
saying your mate’s mum is ‘nice’? work in pairs and compare your ideas.
= They should invent a machine ...
2 We use the -ing form in these extracts because ...
| think ... is OK for women, but not for men.
Good for scaring your little brother ...
FB WN
NOW
What's wrong with using your own voice? I'm hoping ... sometime in the future.
| keep ...
3 We use the -ing form in this extract because ...
... what's more embarrassing ...? | think ... is better for you than...
| spend most of my weekends ...
4 We use the -ing form in these extracts because ...
Someone's following you — a robber or worse.
I've arranged ... at the weekend.
... some creep’s considering robbing me... (@ ) For further practice, see Exercise 2 on page 184.
5 We use the infinitive with to in this extract because ...

You can use the app on your phone to lock or unlock
it from anywhere.
SPEAKING
10 Work in groups. Look at each of the gadgets and
6 We use the -ing form and the infinitive with to in apps below and decide how you think they work,
these extracts because ... why people might need them and if they are
You don’t think he might be more tempted to rob
totally great or total rubbish. You must choose
me?
Imagine walking home at night...
one or the other and you must all agree.
It’s an app that allows you to speak in a foreign + aset of bicycle handlebars with GPS built in
language you don’t know. + a waterless egg boiler
... some creep's considering robbing me ...
* a T-shirt that records your heart rate and other data
a it’s part of a continuous tense. * an app to calculate how long food or drink will take
b some -ing forms are adjectives. to reach a specific temperature in the fridge or oven
c we want to use a verb as a subject or object of a * a pen that allows you to draw in 3D
sentence. (It's like a noun.) + a pillow with built-in speakers
d we always use an -ing form of the verb after a * an app that turns your phone into a torch
preposition. (It’s like a noun.)
* amachine to exercise dogs
e some verbs are always followed by an -ing form and
others are always followed by an infinitive with to — 11 With your group, talk about gadgets or apps that
that’s just the way it is! you think are rubbish. Explain why.
f we want to explain the purpose or reason for
something.
G ) Check your ideas on page 183 and do Exercise 1.

{SU
1 Work in pairs. Look at the photo and discuss the 4 With your partner, decide if the sentences
questions. are true (T) or false (F). Then watch the video
- What do you think the purpose of the experiment is? again and check your answers,
How do you think the experiment works? 1 Cassandra has two children.
« Have you ever taken part in any experiments or 2 Her kids suffer from asthma.
research of any kind? 3 The air sensors breathe in air once every minute.
4 The GPS tracking system marks where each sample
2 Complete the definitions below with these words
from the video you are going to watch. of air was taken.
5 Onroads with lots of trucks and buses, the air is
asthma data sensor urban generally unhealthy for everyone.
breathe volunteer pollution GPS
6 Parents are using air pollution data to help them
decide where to send their kids to school. |
1 If you collect , you gather information that
can be analysed. Work in groups. Discuss the questions. |
2 If there are high levels of , then there are « Do you worry about air pollution — or any other kind
lots of dangerous chemicals in the air. of pollution? Why? / Why not?
3 If you study the air in cities, you research the *- Do you know any areas in your town / city that would
atmosphere. be red / green if they were analysed?
4 When you , you take air into your lungs « Can you think of three things about your
through your mouth or nose. environment you would like to gather data about?
5 A tracking system uses satellite
technology to help you find your way around.
UNDERSTANDING FAST SPEECH
6 If you suffer from , you have a medical
condition that makes it hard to breathe. 6 CUTE Read and listen to this extract from the
7 If you —orif you area — you
down. To help you, groups of words are marked
offer to work for no money.
8 A piece of equipment that reacts to changes in the sounds are in CAPITALS.
physical environment is called a
There’s a LOT of HEALTH PROBlems / in my comMUnity
3 Watch the video and answer the
// and I'd LIKE to FIND OUT // WHAT’s in the AIR // and
questions. Then work in pairs and compare your
ideas. / WHAT my KIDS are BREAthing ALL THREE of my
1 What’s the research trying to discover? CHiLdren // have ASthma.
2 How is the information collected? Who collects it? Now you have a go! Practice saying the extract
3 What might happen once the findings of the research at natural pace.
become available?
130
REVIEW 7
4 (EEN Listen and write the six sentences you
hear.
Write a sentence before and after the sentences
GRAMMAR
1 Complete the text with one word in each space. VOCABULARY
I'm ' computer programmer and | love my job. 6 Match the verbs (1-8) with the collocates (a—h).
2 _Cinn IT means | can dress how | want, be as
creative as | want * be and work * 1 make a ona tight bend
hours | feel like working. Sometimes, though, it causes 2 beat b your best time
problems. Last month, for example, a friend asked me
3 wait c the look of the game
5 shelp her design a website for her company.
Looking back on it, | realise that | ° "ve said 4 run d to the next level
no, Honestly, if |” known how much work it’d 5 enhance e a backup copy
be, | would never ® agreed to help. | spent
night after night ° to sort out problems with 6 overtake f atyre
fos design — and all for nothing, because | 7 advance g onthe wrong platform
didn’t get paid for it. It was basically just a favour!
8 change h asecurity scan
Complete the second sentence so that it has a Decide if these words and phrases are connected
similar meaning to the first sentence using the to journeys, technology or games.
word given. Do not change the word given. You
must use between two and four words, including advance to the next level set off
the word given. built-in sensors on a mission
1 | blame myself for eating too much. beat your best time interface
It’s my own fault. | so much! NOT run on solar power ferry
a rough crossing swipe
2 | only forgot to do it because | was exhausted! gather resources carriage
Ilf|____—rtired,, I'm sure | would’ve remembered
to do it. SO
3 If you text while you're driving, of course you're brackets to form a word that fits in the space.
going to have an accident!
It's not really surprising he had an accident. | mean, 1 It’s very user-friendly and you can make your own
he ____— texting while he was driving. HAVE as well. (modify)
4 | was interested in what he was saying in his talk. 2 With the new technology that's available, the
| found what he was saying in his talk are endless. (possible)
ABSOLUTELY 3 Have you checked all the ? Something
5 It’s really hard to find affordable accommodation in might not be plugged in. (connect)
the centre of town. 4 Businesses owned and run by women make a
We're faced with _____ somewhere that’s both considerable to the national economy.
cheap and central! PROBLEM (contribute)
Choose the correct option. 5 Be careful out there. The roads are really
(slip)
1 | would’ve / wouldn't have probably been OK if the
flight had / hadn't been so bumpy. 6 It’s a great app. It sends me a a week
before important birthdays. (remind)
2 Thank you so much. | could / couldn’t have done it if
you had/ hadn't helped me. Complete the text with one word in each space.
3 It’s my fault. | should / shouldn’t probably have The first letters are given.
updated the software more often. | went sailing last weekend with an old friend of mine.
4 We shouldn't stop / shouldn't have stopped for lunch. We met at her place, and then walked down to the
If we did / had / hadn’t, we wouldn’t miss / wouldn't ‘ha_________, where she keeps her boat. We set
have missed the flight. *sa____———s quite early and the weather was amazing
— absolutely *bo . After an hour or so, though,
5 It's quite easy to play. Basically, you gather resources the sea starting getting “ro and before long
for/ for to / to build your own little town. we were being hit by these °h waves. Then
6 He was caught to try/ trying / try to take a gun the storm started and it absolutely °po down.
through security. It was really scary. | honestly thought we were going to
sink! Then | almost went overboard! | ’tr. over
7 It allows you experience / experiencing / to
a rope on the *de and only just managed to
experience motorway driving in extreme conditions
grab something to hold onto. | guess it was my own
without risking your life!
Sfa__ Cs as. | WaS Wearing the wrong shoes, but
8 It’s amazing / an amazing/ the amazing piece of it was still quite an ‘or and certainly not
technology! something | want to go ''th again! It took me
9 Life / The life for most students currently at quite a while to '*ca myself down after that,
university/ a university/ the university is going to be | can tell you.
hard in the future.
Review 7 131
Soh sare
« talk about injuries and illness with a doctor
* discuss health myths and facts
talk about causes and results
tell stories about accidents
report what people said
SPEAKING
the questions.
« What do you think the photo shows?
+ Do you think it shows a positive or a negative view
of health and medicine? Why?
What kinds of things do you think the pills might
be for?
What different kinds of medication can you buy in
a chemist’s without a prescription?
How are the following conditions usually treated?
a broken bone arash a sprain

a nasty cut flu an allergy
eu oe " a
i
Al
ST RF ee FEA
nas
a 4 gmt raead eats ‘v4 ed a

ee
= \ ree ae peer ete & -

Sun aeeieenionaialll
WHAT SEEMS TO BE THE PROBLEM?

VOCABULARY Injuries and illness 6 My ankle’s swollen and it really hurts. | can hardly
walk on it.
1 Match the doctor’s comments 1-5 with the 7 I've developed this rash on my skin. It’s really red.
patient’s replies a—-e. Then match the patient’s
8 | felt dizzy and fell and hit my head.
comments 6-10 with the doctor’s replies f-j.
9 I've had this nasty cough for weeks.
1 You've broken your collarbone, I'm afraid.
10 I've had a high temperature and an upset stomach.
2 Your throat is very sore, but it doesn’t look infected.
3 It’s quite a nasty cut. It'll take a while to heal. f It's a chest infection. It should clear up with
4 antibiotics.
We can give you an injection for the pain. Are you
on any medication? g I'm afraid there’s a virus going around. Just rest and
drink lots of fluids.
You've got very high blood pressure.
oO
h It’s probably just sprained, but we'll give you some

Well, | have been under a lot of stress recently. painkillers and do an X-ray to check.
tw
Oh no! How long will | take to mend? i Yeah, that’s a nasty bruise. Did you actually lose
Will it need any stitches? consciousness?
Yes, | take something for a heart condition and a j It could be a reaction to an insect bite. I'll give you
Oe
dust allergy. some cream for it.

e Right. ls there anything that'll make it easier to Work in groups. Take turns to act, draw or
swallow? explain the words and phrases in bold. Your
partners should say the words and phrases.
With your group, take turns to tell your partners
things which are true about you or people you
know using as many of the words in bold in
Exercise 1 as you can. You have three minutes
each.
134
9 Correct the mistakes with the adverbs in these
LISTENING sentences.
4 [GREW You are going to hear two conversations in 1 | have been under a lot of stress because I’ve been
a hospital. Work in pairs. Look at the questions working so hardly.
asked in each conversation and discuss what you
2 Have you had any of these symptoms previous?
think is wrong with the patients. Then listen and
check your ideas. 3 You shouldn't go to bed so lately. You need to get
some rest.
Conversation 1
4 Open your mouth widely and say ‘ahhh’,
1 Can you put any weight on it at all?
5 It was my fault it happened. | was incredible stupid.
How did you do it?
6 Never should you leave pills where children can
WN
How long will | have to wait for the X-ray? reach them easy.
Are you on any medication? Can you just say it again slowlier, please?
7
&
Have you ever had any adverse reactions to any 8 It doesn't hurt. | can feel it hardly.
ao
painkillers?
Conversation 2
BEVEFORING CONVERSATIONS
6 What seems to be the problem?
~~
7 How long have you been like this? iS ee a ee SHO SERS

8 Any diarrhoea? Short questions with any
9 Has he been able to drink anything? We often shorten questions with any, especially when they
follow other related questions.
10 Does it hurt? And here?
Have you ever had any adverse reactions to any
[8E=I Listen again. Note down the answers to the painkillers? + Any adverse reactions to painkillers?
questions. Do you have any questions? + Any questions?
6 Work in pairs. Look at Track 69 on page 211 and
practise reading the conversations. 10 Match the two parts of the questions.
1 Any pain a forthe weekend?
GRAMMAR 2 Any symptoms b you want to know?
3 Any idea ¢ apart from the cough?
4 Any questions d_ what it is, doctor?
Adverbs e wantto help me?
5 Anything else
We can use adverbs to add information to verbs and show
the way things happen, how frequently they happen or 6 Anyone f when! press here?
when they happen. We also use adverbs to show our 7 Any plans g from Frank recently?
opinion or attitude about something we're saying.
8 Any news h before you go?
7 Complete the sentences from the conversations il Write your own endings for the first halves of
with these adverbs. the questions 1-8 in Exercise 10. Then work
in pairs. Practise asking and answering the
quite badly hardly lately hard questions.
first hopefully fast long really
A: Any pain when you stand on it?
1 It might just be sprained. B: A little.
2 Have you been waiting ______.?
3 We’ve been a bit short of staff CONVERSATION PRACTICE
4 , it won't be more than half an hour. 12 Work in pairs. You are going to roleplay a
5 He's slept. conversation between a patient and a doctor.
=n
First decide together on a medical problem.
6 His heart was beating
7 He ________ said he felt a bit sick yesterday. Student A: you are the patient. Think of details of
8 I’m going to press
your problem and plan what questions to ask the
doctor.
8 Look atthe sentences in Exercise 7 again. Then
Student B: you are the doctor. Decide what advice
work in pairs and decide if the statements below
are true (T) or false (F). to give.
1 Adverbs are always based on adjectives and end 13 Now roleplay the conversation. Use as much
in -ly. new language from this lesson as possible.
2 Adjectives can sometimes have two adverb forms. @8< 29 To watch the video and do the activities, see the DVD ROM.
3 Any adverb can be placed: at the beginning or end
of a sentence, and before a verb or after a verb.
Unit 15 Injuries andillness 135

IT'S A BIT OF A MYTH
READING 5 Increases in violent crime are by the
increased violence shown on TV,
1 Work in pairs. Look at the following claims
6 Watching TV late at night it difficult to get
and discuss if you think they are true. Explain to sleep.
your ideas.
1 You can catch a cold if you go out with wet hair. Work in groups. Which of the sentences in
Exercise 6 do you think are myths? Why?
Antibiotics can cure a cold.
WN
Eating chocolate can cause acne. Write four sentences like those in Exercise 6
about health fears / benefits connected to the
Cracking the joints in your fingers can cause arthritis.
things below. They may be facts or myths! Then
&
Having less cholesterol in your diet prevents heart share your sentences in groups. Try to decide
oO
attacks. which are facts and which are myths. Explain

6 Swallowing chewing gum is bad for you. your ideas.
:
Coffee is a drug.
mobile phones vitamins
Read the article from a health website opposite. computer games sugar
Decide if the claims in Exercise 1 are true or if
they are myths, according to the writer. Why?
Work in groups. Without looking at the article,
see if you can you remember:
1 what mothers often tell their children. Word endings and word class
the best way to avoid catching a cold. The endings of words often show their word class. For
BB WN
when you may need antibiotics. example:

OO
the best way to deal with a cold. -ious / -ic / -able / -ful/ -less / -ive / -al indicate
adjectives
what makes acne worse.
-ion / -ment / -ness / -ance / -ence / -ist indicate nouns
what other factors can cause heart attacks.
-ise / -en indicate verbs
what people think happens when they eat chewing
N
gum. -ly indicates adverbs (but not always!)
8 what can happen when people give up coffee. You can build your vocabulary by learning connected word
forms of new items you meet.
Look at the article again. Did you remember the
exact words? 9 Work in pairs and look at these words from this
Work in groups. Discuss the questions. unit. Think of other words you can make from
these words and say if each is an adjective, a
Was there anything in the article that surprised you?
noun, a verb or an adverb. Use a dictionary to
ls there anything in the article you disagree with? help you.
Why?
Do you know any other claims about health issues? benefit injection prevent stimulant
Do you think they are myths or facts? consciousness nutritional painful treatment
Do you ever check symptoms or find out about

health issues on the Internet? If you do, which sites
do you use? If you don’t, why not? 1 Aviral infectious / infection can’t be treated with
Have there been any news stories about health antibiotics.
issues recently? What do you think about them? 2 | know several people who are allergic / allergy to
nuts.
Look at the phrases in bold in the article. Notice
the patterns connected to each verb. Now 3 I'm often quite irritable / irritation when | wake up in
the morning.
complete the sentences below with the verbs in
bold. 4 |'m sure most diseases will be cure / curable by the
end of this century.
1 Sitting too close to the television can_____—ito
problems with your eyes. 5 | do regular/ regularly exercise.
2 Children who watch a lot of TV spend too much time 6 Most medical / medicine conditions are the result of
sitting, which their health suffers. poor diet.
3 Apparently, watching a lot of TV can 7 They need to modernise / modern our health service.
people to become depressed. 8 All drugs are addictive / addiction.
4 Young children will get better grades later at school if
you them watch videos of great artists and
11 Work in pairs. Read out the sentences you agree
classical composers. with from Exercise 10 and explain why.
136
GRAN HOME ABOUT BLOG CONTACTS
Mau
It’s difficult to ignore your mother when she tells You can buy foods that are advertised as being
| you to ‘wrap up warm’ or ‘dry your hair or you'll low in cholesterol or able to reduce how much
get a cold’ — but colds are not caused by the you have, so you might think cholesterol is an
cold: they are caused by viruses! Walking entirely bad thing. You’d be wrong. Cholesterol
around with wet hair or a T-shirt in winter may is essential for life and is produced naturally
look silly, and will make you feel cold, but by the body. The body also adjusts how much
you will only get a cold if you come into contact it produces based on what you eat. If you eat
with an infected person. The best way to food containing a lot of cholesterol, your body
avoid viruses like these is to wash your hands simply produces less in order to balance its two
regularly when there’s a bug going around. sources. This means it’s difficult to reduce
cholesterol in the body through diet. Some
} Despite the huge medical advances that have
doctors have even questioned if there is any link
been made over the last century, the common
between cholesterol levels and heart disease.
cold is still incurable and medicine does little
They point to factors such as lack of exercise,
for the symptoms either. Antibiotics won’t
smoking, stress and high blood pressure that are
help as your cold is caused by one of over
far more likely to lead to heart attacks.
200 viruses. The only time you may need
them is if you develop a throat or ear infection. Don’t worry. Stories that chewing gum will
Otherwise, go to bed and drink lots of fluids stay in your stomach forever or block your
and wait till you get better. insides have no basis in fact. However, it has no
nutritional value which means you won’t get
} Acne is a condition that causes the skin to
any benefits from eating it.
produce too much oil. However, research has
failed to find any connection between eating The caffeine in coffee is a stimulant that makes
fatty foods and acne — although too much your body speed up: your heart rate increases
fat in your diet might be bad in other ways. and it wakes you up. You may see these
Incidentally, washing too much can make the things as benefits, but caffeine also has a
condition worse. It’s best just to wash gently number of negative side effects. It’s addictive.
twice a day and don’t rub the skin too hard. People who suddenly stop drinking coffee
may suffer from headaches or be irritable and
Arthritis affects all kinds of people, including
restless. Caffeine has also been linked to other
young children who have never started
problems, but, like most things, coffee is fine if
cracking their fingers. Suffering from a viral
you don’t drink too much.
infection may lead to developing the
condition, as might jobs which involve an Remember this is for information only. If you
overuse of your joints, but doctors are still not have any worries about your health, you should
sure of the real cause. always consult your doctor.
(iia ae
a )
re a
y
Injuries and illness 137

. ;, ij
j
\
4 two other things that can bite you, apart from dogs?
SPEAKING
5 two kinds of food you could get food poisoning
1 Look at eight different places where accidents from?
often happen. Rank them from 1 (= most
6 two other reasons why people sometimes faint?
dangerous) to 8 (= least dangerous). Then work
in pairs and compare your lists. 7 two other things you can slip on, apart from ice?
8 two other things that can sting you, apart from a bee?
| the kitchen the bathroom
the countryside the living room
the garden the gym LISTENING
the park the roads near your home
4 Listen to Anna talking to her colleague Dan
about his holiday. Answer the questions.
VOCABULARY Accidents and health 1 What kind of holiday was it?
problems 2 How did the accident happen?

3 What did they think was wrong with James?
4 How did they get him to a hospital?
1 | was grilling some meat and | caught my hand on the
grill and burned / bruised it quite badly. 5 What did the doctors tell him?
2 | was jogging and | tripped/ slipped over a rock and Work in pairs. Put the events from the story
hurt my knee really badly.
into the correct order. Listen again and check
3 | was out riding and the horse got scared by a bang your answers.
and | fell off/ fell down the horse and broke my
He had quite a few cuts and bruises.
collarbone.
It spoilt his holiday.
4 | was walking down the street and this dog suddenly
SSO OO
attacked me and bit / stung me on the leg. James went off the road into some bushes and fell off.
5 | was cycling and a car drove in front of me. | crashed He had to have a few stitches in the cuts.
CO
into / fell into the side and sprained my wrist. She took him to hospital, which was really kind of her.
6 | had some food at a street market and | think | got We were going back to the hotel down a steep road.
food infection / poisoning from there. It was awful.
He found out his bike frame was broken.
SN)
7 | spent the whole day on the beach and ended up

with terrible suntan / sunburn. A woman came past in her car a minute or two later.
8 It was really hot on the underground and | felt dizzy Work in pairs. Discuss the questions.
and then just fainted/ fell down.
« Do you like cycling? Have you ever been ona
9 | broke my arm when | tripped / slipped on some ice. cycling holiday? When? Where?
10 This bee stung / bit me on the arm and my whole arm «+ When was the last time someone was very kind to
swelled up. you? What did they do?
3 Work in groups. Can you think of: «+ When was the last time you were very kind to
someone else? What did you do?
1 two other things you can trip over, apart from a rock?
« Did Dan's story about James remind you of any other
2 two parts of the body that often get bruised? Say stories you have heard?
how.
3 two other things you can fall off, apart from a horse?
138
GRAMMAR 3 The doctors said she ____ some problems
in the future, but she ______ incredibly lucky to
Survive the crash. (have, be)
4 The doctor told me the injection _____, but it
Reported speech really painful! (not/ hurt, be)
When we tell people about things that happened to us, we
often report things using said/ told me (that) + clause. We 5 They said the surgeon___—ailil she
also report questions using osk me / us + clause. to keep him alive. (do, can)
6 She told me they ____ several tests already, but
they still didn’t know what___ the problem, so
they had to do more. (do, cause)
Answer the questions below.
7 They asked me how it____—————s and whether or not
a He kept asking us where he was and what had
itever_._.sss me. any pain. (happen, cause)
happened.
8 He asked if|__._-———_—s+is phone conversation
b He even asked if we’d met somewhere before!
and if|_.-_=~————sémore or less what it meant. (hear,
¢ The woman driving said she’d take James to the understand)
nearest hospital.
9 Work in pairs. Take turns to ask each other
d He kept saying he'd be OK.
So what did the doctor say? Report something
e They rang and told me they’d given James an X-ray different each time.
and there was nothing broken.
A: So what did the doctor say?
f They said he needed to stay there a bit longer, as he
was waiting to have a few stitches in the cuts. B: She said I’m quite unfit and | need to do more
exercise. So what did the doctor say?
g He said he’s going to have to buy a new bike now.
A: He asked if | smoke and then told me | need to cut
Can you name the structures in bold? down.
2 What do you think the people actually said in each (e For further practice, see Exercise 2 on page 185.
case?
3 When we report what people said, what often
happens to tenses and words like will and can? SPEAKING
4 What's different about sentence g)? Why is it different? 10 Work in pairs and choose one of these tasks.
5 Which sentences report questions? How do reported a Work in pairs. Talk about a time when you had an
questions differ from direct questions? accident or were ill. Describe what happened. Use
reported speech and vocabulary from this lesson.
b Look at the photos on these pages. Choose one
and imagine you are the person in it. Decide how
8 Complete the sentences with the correct past to describe your accident / injury. Add extra details
form of the verbs. Then decide in which of about what happened before and after. Then tell
the sentences the present form would also be your partner your story.
possible.
1 The doctor told me!____— aa chest infection and
me some antibiotics. It cleared up after a
week. (have, give)
2 The doctor said he ____ too much and he
to go on a diet, but he refused. (eat, need)
Unit 15 Injuries and illness 139

talk about types and sources of news
comment on the news
use reporting verbs to report news
describe famous people and events
discuss issues around fame
SPEAKING
1 Look at the photo and imagine what the news
story is. Think about these questions.
* Who is the man being interviewed?
What did he do or what happened to him?
Where is he now?
What will happen next?
Then work in pairs and tell each other your

stories.
Work in groups. Tell each other which of the
types of news below you are most interested
in and say where you get your news from.
Who is most similar to you in the group?
crime and justice foreign affairs

business and economics national politics
celebrities and gossip reviews and entertainment
weather funny news stories
technology sport
~ f. ra Ered
posee
a
ats pm
Phe ;
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—
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HISTORIA DE
PST 458 93) de
VOCABULARY News 3 Work in groups. Give an example of recent news

J : for each type of news in Exercise 1. Try to use at
1 Work in pairs. Match each group of words least one word from each group of words.
below to the type of news on page 141 they are
connected to.
4 LISTENING
Bavaren Greil resign 4 Listen to five short conversations about
news stories. Match each conversation (1-5) to
be photographed be elected
one of the following. There is one that you do
split up introduce a policy not need.
a a football player
2 Se Si ee b a politician
| expand be found guilty c acelebrity
go bankrupt be stabbed d aviolent crime
| be taken over investigate e a factory
f alawfirm
| 3 —____ 6 —_____ 5 Listen again and note down which of the

be injured hold a summit words from Exercises 1 and 2 were used in each
be beaten call a ceasefire conversation. Then work in pairs and summarise
; each news story.
sign a player negotiate
6 Work with a new partner. Look at Track 71
on page 211. Choose the two conversations
| 2 _ oe in the correct group (1-6) in you think are most interesting. Read them out
| xercise 1. loud and continue each conversation for as
long as you can by adding your own ideas and
share price film premiere deputy mayor
o comments.
victim peace agreement new season
142
GRAMMAR 9 Complete the questions about news by putting
the words in brackets into the correct order.
1 Have you seen that thing (player/ on /
about/ Twitter / that / tennis), James Jenkins?
Reporting verbs
When we report a conversation, we sometimes use 2 Have you seen that video__—s (on / of / the /
different verbs to introduce what was said, such as prime / YouTube / dance / minister / trying / to) to hip-
announce or claim. Sometimes we use verbs such as hop?
promise or apologise to summarise what was said rather 3 Did you see that thing (TV / about / on /
than repeat the exact words. These verbs are often them / new / a/ airport / building)?
followed by different patterns.
4 Did you see that thing (the / news / on /
about / the / here / murder / near) last night?
7 Look at these sentences from the conversations.
5 Did you see that thing (the / website /
Put them into three groups (1-3) of reporting
arrested / Times / about / Shaynee Wilson / getting /
verbs that follow the same pattern. on)?
a She's just announced they're splitting up.
Match the responses (a—e) to the questions (1-5)
b They even promised to expand last year. -
in Exercise 9.
He’s been accused of doing all kinds of things.
oO
a Yeah, it’s good news, isn't it? Apparently, it’s going to

Not that he’s admitted to doing anything. create 1,000 jobs.
Q
The new management claim it’s too expensive to b Yeah, it’s sad, isn’t it? The media are obsessed with
eo
run. that woman.

f He just apologised for ‘causing the government c Yeah, it’s awful, isn’t it? Apparently, the victim was
difficulties’ quite young.
g No-one offered to help the victim. d Yeah, it’s so funny, isn’t it? Apparently, it was from
h He's refused to play in any friendly matches. before he went into politics, though.
e Yeah, what an idiot. Apparently, it’s been retweeted a
G Check your ideas on page 185 and do Exercise 1
million times already.
8 Work in pairs. Think of an example from the

news where a person or organisation:
PRONUNCIATION
1 was accused of something.
2 had to apologise for something. il Listen and check your answers to
Exercise 10. Notice how the intonation falls
3 announced something important. on it’s X, isn’t it? to show we are agreeing.
4 refused to do something.
12 Work in pairs and practise reading out the
5 gave a warning.
exchanges, paying attention to the falling
6 made an offer. intonation on the it’s X, isn’t it? patterns.
13 With your partner, take turns saying the
sentences below. Respond with an it’s X, isn’t it?
DEVELOPING CONVERSATIONS comment.
oak Seay Ie
I ae TIS
ah *
ra
a =
en TE, 1 Did you hear about Jay and Selma splitting up?
Sera SoS Se
a SS
2 Did you hear about John getting food poisoning from
eae and commenting on news his own cooking?
Conversations about the news often have common
3 Did you read about Angelina booking a special hotel
features. You can start the conversation using this common
pattern or similar questions:
room for her dog?
Did you see that thing on the Times website about the 4 Did you see that the ceasefire has ended already?
steel plant closing down? 5 Did you see that thing in the paper about that woman
If you know the story you can comment using one of these who paid $5,000 for that dress?
patterns: 6 Did you hear that Jay and Selma are back together?
Yeah, it’s shocking, isn’t it?
| know, it’s bad news, isn’t it? CONVERSATION PRACTICE
You can give details about the story starting with
Think of two news stories you have read or heard
apparently. |t shows you are reporting what you heard or 14
read. about recently. Write one question for each story,
using patterns like those in Exercise 9.
Apparently, he took illegal payments ...
15 Work in groups. Discuss the stories. Start
your conversations with your questions from
Exercise 14.
Unit 16 Newsandevents 143

VE NEVER HEARD OF HIM
SPEAKING
1 Work in groups. Do you know who
the people in the photos are? Use
some of the language below.
. | haven't got a clue!
He looks really familiar, but | can’t
remember who he is.
Isn't he that American politician?
What's his name?
I'm fairly sure that’s ...
VOCABULARY
Explaining who people are
2 The sentences below describe
some of the people in the photos.
Complete the sentences with
these words. Then work in pairs
and match them to the photos.
| activist artist
athlete politician
doctor founder | LISTENING
mathematician scientist |
Linccerecccsncccccrencnacsssmncesersseetsiasennsitsasiasennrnnnnnnnssteneanessieee cannes 4 Listen to three conversations about
Marie Curie was a Polish _____Ss who studied famous people. Answer the questions for each
radiation and discovered the radioactive substance conversation.
polonium. 1 Why do they start talking about Garibaldi /
Nelson Mandela was a civil rights who Comenius / Eddy Merckx / Magritte?
campaigned for the rights of black people in South 2 What is each person famous for?
Africa. He became the country’s first black president
3 Where is each person from?
in 1994.
4 What else do you learn about each one?
Takako Doi was perhaps the most important female
Japan has ever had. She was leader of 5 Work in pairs. Can you think of:
the Socialist Party and was responsible for bringing
more women into politics. 1 astatue of a famous person?
Kemal Ataturk led the liberation struggle in Turkey someone who is seen as a national hero?
N
and became a national hero. He was then the someone who was way ahead of their time?
W
of the republic.
a place that is named after a famous person?
Martina Navratilova is a Czech / American former
or
a place that is decorated with memorabilia?

tennis player. She’s seen by some as the greatest
female ____—_—sooff alll time. She completely
dominated the sport for many years. GRAMMAR
Euclid was a Greek who is considered to
be the father of geometry. He was a genius and way
Defining relative clauses
ahead of his time. 6 Underline the relative clauses in these sentences.
Pedro Alonso is a Spanish ______——s—«.» He Jed a team The first one has been done for you. Then
which developed a vaccine against malaria. complete the rules in the Grammar box below. |
Salvador Dali was a Spanish Catalan a It’s a European Union scheme which provides grants
whose most famous work is probably ‘The to teachers.
Persistence of Memory’. b He was a Czech writer who wrote about education.
With your partner, check you understand the c When | went to Belgium | visited the metro station
phrases in bold in Exercise 2. Then use as many where they have Eddy Merckx’s bike.
of the phrases as you can to talk about other d Michael Jordan was an athlete whose strength and
famous people — living or dead. skill inspired millions around the world.
e They left South Africa during the time that Mandela
was in prison.
144
me
Write down a name for each of the following

that you think other students may not know.
We use relative clauses to add information after nouns.
Clauses begin with different relative pronouns depending a writer, artist or musician
—
on the noun we are adding information to or on the

a scientist or inventor
information that follows.
WN
an athlete or sportsman / sportswoman

« To add information about people, use a clause
beginning with that or ' a politician or person from history
ok
* To add information about things, use a clause beginning two places of historical importance
with that or 2
Work in groups. Take turns to test each other.
« To add information about times, use a clause beginning Ask Do you know who X is? / Do you know why
with when or ?
X is important? See who has the best general
« To add information about possessions, use a clause knowledge and can answer the most questions.
beginning with * When answering or explaining, use relative
* To add information about places, use a clause clauses.
beginning with > A: Do you know who Tim Berners-Lee is?
B: No, sorry. | haven't got a clue.
G ) Check your ideas on page 186 and do Exercise 1.
C: He’s the guy who invented the World Wide Web. He’s
British, | think.
7 Cross out the word or words that are not correct.
B: Oh, OK. Do you know why Robben Island is
1 He was a military leader in the nineteenth century
important?
who / that/ which helped unify Italy.
A: Yeah. It’s where Nelson Mandela spent all those
2 It's a European Union scheme that/ who / which
years in prison.
provides grants to teachers.
3 It's who / when / where they have Rembrandt's most 'e ) For further practice, see Exercise 2 on page 186,
famous paintings.
4 He set up a Charity that / which / where has helped
thousands of poor children.
5 He’s a composer who / that / whose most famous
work is probably The Rite of Spring.
6 At the time that/ who / when he was writing, his
ideas were very radical.
7 It's supposed to be the house when / where / that
Shakespeare was born.
8 She was a writer whose / who / which ideas were
very influential.
Unit 16 Newsandevents 145
THE FAME GAME
2 Read the rest of the article. In which section
READING
were the following mentioned?
1 Read the introduction of the article below.
a popular talent show
Then work in pairs and discuss the questions.
“OD
retired people
{OS <a seh

« Why do you think so many people want to be famous?
=)
an act of great generosity
+ What kind of problems might be caused by the
desire for fame and money? an act of great bravery
+ What do you think is the best way to become famous? advertising on a website
+ Can you think of any bad ways of becoming famous? physical attraction
« Do you know about any celebrities who have found 3 Work in pairs. Discuss why the people and
fame hard to cope with? things below were mentioned. Check your ideas
« Which six different ways of becoming rich and by looking at the article again if you need to.
famous do you expect the article to mention? 1 the gossip magazines 6 Paris Hilton
2 karaoke 7 Golda Bechal
3 Kurt Nilsen 8 Kuldeep Singh
4 Howard Davies-Carr 9 The Zimmers
5 YouTube 10 The Who
4 Work in groups. Can you think of any other

people who have become famous in the six ways
Se
mentioned in the article? Say as much about
them as you can.
In a recent survey,y over 80% of 18-to-25-year-olds

y said
getting rich was their first or second most important life
goal, whilst 51% said the same about becoming famous.
ALS sni t=
Of course, being a celebrity can be problematic. We have Po utube.scommar a
Beren
all seen stories about stars turning to drink or drugs as
—
nget
Feparie bit my fi
they find themselves unable to cope with the emotional
stress of life in the public eye. However, this doesn’t seem
to discourage anyone. The main problem for many seems
to be how to actually become rich and famous — especially
if you have no real talent! Given this, here’s our six-point
guide on how to go about it.
1 Date someone who's already famous

Obviously, finding a famous partner is easier said than
done. However, anyone who can manage to catch the eye of a
top footballer or movie star can expect to find themselves on
the front page of the gossip magazines before too long. This
might then be enough to get a TV or advertising company
interested and you can end up becoming a star yoursell. «s Charlie bit my finger
Go on a reality TV show The Internet has given many their fifteen minutes of fame.
You get a message froma [riend containing a link to an online
The kind of out-of-tune singing that was once reserved lor
the privacy of a karaoke room has now become prime-time video, a blog or a new site. You have a look, forward the
Saturday night TV — and shows such as The X Factor and link, and before long, things start getting out of control and a
Pop Idol have brought instant fame and fortune to hundreds million people have seen it!
around the world. Take Norwegian Kurt Nilsen, for example. And, of course, the more views a video gets, the more
His versions of well-known songs were so popular that he money can be made from it. A few years ago, Howard
was able to give up his job as a plumber! He then went on to Davies-Carr uploaded a short film of his two sons sitting
win World Idol and became a huge star in his native country. side by side in a chair. Entitled Charlie bit my finger, nothing
If you can sing, you could follow in Kurt’ footsteps. If this much happens in it — apart from a finger being bitten.
option isn’t available to you, then why not just try to appear However, the clip is now the fourth most-watched film
on any of the reality TV shows which require no talent at all ever on YouTube and the family has earned hundreds of
from their contestants? thousands of pounds from advertising.
146
5 Complete the sentences with the correct form of 6 Workin pairs. Use three of the underlined
these words from the article. Then underline the groups of words from Exercise 5 to say
words that go with them in each sentence. something about your life.
I'd like to follow in my father’s footsteps and become
will option footsteps control barrier a surgeon.
1 We would love to buy a house and move in together,

but on our wages that isn’t available to us. SPEAKING
2 My dad wants me to follow in his and join 7 Workin groups. Discuss what you think each
the army, but it’s just not what | want to do with my quotation about fame means. How far do you
life.
agree with each one? Explain why.
3 Physical disability is no to a successful
‘Fame means millions of people have the wrong idea of
career.
who you are.’
4 My spending got out of . If you ask me, it’s
‘Wealth is like sea-water; the more we drink, the thirstier
the bank’s fault for lending me so much money.
we become; and the same is true of fame.
5 My aunt left me a house in her
‘To people who want to be rich and famous, |’d say get
rich first and see if that doesn’t cover it’
save repay forward come into catch
‘Fame is the thirst of youth.’
6 You my life! How can | ever thank you ‘Fame is a constant effort.
enough? | would’ve died if you hadn’t rescued me.
‘Fame usually comes to those who are thinking about
7 Could you the email from Head Office to something else.’
me?
‘The longer a man’s fame is likely to last, the longer it
8 There were some really good-looking guys at the will be in coming.’
party, but one in particular my eye.
‘The day will come when everyone will be famous for
9 Thanks again for everything you did for us. | hope fifteen minutes.’
that one day we can your kindness. All the
best, Omar 8 Work with another group. Which of the eight
10 She a lot of money when her father died. quotations do you think is the best? Why?
Inherit a fortune
Obviously, if you want to come into a lot of money when
one of your loved ones dies, it helps if you have incredibly
rich parents — like Paris Hiltons. Alternatively, you just
need to be lucky when choosing your friends, like Chinese
restaurant owners Kim Sing and Bee Lian Man were. They
befriended an elderly widow, Golda Bechal, who then repaid
their kindness by leaving the couple £10 million in her will
when she died.
é Don't give up! ~
The Zimmers
Kuldeep Singh Age is no barrier to becoming famous either, as plenty of

old-age pensioners have proved. The Zimmers are among
One good way of getting yourself in the papers is to save recent examples: a group of around 40 British pensioners put
someone’ life or catch a wanted criminal. Kuldeep Singh, for together by a documentary film maker who was interested in
instance, became a national hero in India when he removed a the experiences of the elderly, the band’s first singer was 90
bomb from a bus he was driving in Delhi. Mr Singh, who was when he joined and the oldest member was 101! They had
injured when the bomb later exploded, was widely praised for a hit with a cover version of The Who's My Generation and
his courage. went on to appear on TV and travel to America.
Unit 16 News andevents 147

BEE THEI
1 Work in pairs. Discuss the questions. CREWE Watch the second part of the video
* How much do you know about bees? (1.48-3.46). Are the sentences true (T) or
* How do you feel about bees? Why?
false (F)?
1 To begin with, Mr Chen had his doubts about bee
+ Have you — or any you know — ever been stung by a
sting therapy.
bee? When? What happened?
2 His wife developed a mild form of arthritis.
« Why are bees important to humans?
3 Western medicine didn’t really help her.
+ What do you think is happening in the photo?
4 After starting bee sting therapy, it took a very long
- Read the definitions below. How do you think the
time for her condition to improve.
words in bold might be connected to bees?
2 Bee sting therapy has cured Hso-Rong Chen’s
multiple sclerosis.
Acupuncture is a traditional way of treating pain. It
involves placing needles into particular points on the body. 6 Most western doctors would disagree with her
explanation for the change in her condition.
Histamines are chemicals that are released in the body
as part of an allergic reaction. They cause typical allergy 7 There hasn’t yet been enough research to prove that
symptoms like swelling and itching. bee sting therapy really works.
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a disease that slowly attacks 8 Hso-Rong Chen feels better than she has done for at
the nerves in the body. Symptoms include a feeling of least a year.
small sharp points pushing into the skin or a stinging Work in groups. Discuss the questions.
sensation (sometimes called a tingling sensation) as well
as a loss of feeling (often called numbness). - What do you think of bee sting therapy?
When part of your body is under attack, white blood - Do you think it’s OK to use animals to help find cures
cells quickly move to that area to help destroy the for human diseases? Why? / Why not?
harmful substances and prevent illness. - Do you know anyone who's tried acupuncture or
other alternative therapies? Why? Did it help?
2 (COMES Watch the first part of the video (0.00-

1.47). Find out how each of the words in bold in UNDERSTANDING FAST SPEECH
Exercise 1 is connected to bees. 6 (CURE Read and listen to this extract from the
3 [CONES Work in pairs. Discuss why the numbers
and things below were mentioned. Watch the down. To help you, groups of words are marked
first part again and check your ideas.
sounds are in CAPITALS.
1 dozens of times 5 6,000
EVery WEEK / MiSter CHEN / and his aSiSStants /
2 six months 6 600
TREAT TWO HUNdred PAtients / and SAcrifice SIX
3 twelve years 7 five years
THOUsand HOney BEES // The reSULTS / he SAYS /
4 200 8 one hour
can be asTOUNGing
Now you have a go! Practise saying the extract

at natural pace.
148
VOCABULARY
od ee 6 Match the verbs (1-8) with the collocates (a—h).
1 Complete the text with one word in each space. 1 campaign a anew player
A few years ago, the company '____| was 2 break b bankrupt
working for officially 7_____ that they ° Sisoavard GER eslinteane
launching this new scheme that *____ provide us ¥
all with excellent health insurance. My employers 4 go d anemail
5st pay us all sick pay and to cover most 5 hold e onsomeice
medical bills. All we had to do was go for a quick check- e
up with the doctor, Sounds great, right? Well, | went the 6 sign f for civil rights
week and got a bit of a shock. The doctor 7 slip g adisease
7 asking me endless personal questions — 3 h it
you know, like ®____—————sd|. was married, ° ves SSernn
| didn’t have any kids yet, and so on. | couldn't believe 7 Decide if these words and phrases are connected
it! The next thing | knew, the company sent me an email
to illness, accidents or news stories.
apologising '°_____ bringing me bad news, and
saying | didn’t qualify. Incredible! | briefly considered
high blood pressure — bankrupt badly burned
complaining ''____ the experience to someone, get bruised slip over have an affair
but my dad warned me ‘*____ to, so | didn't. introduce a policy crash go on medication
under alotofstress sorethroat calla ceasefire
Complete the second sentence so that it has a
similar meaning to the first sentence using the
word given. Do not change the word given. You 8 Complete the sentences. Use the word in
must use between two and five words, including brackets to form a word that fits in the space.
the word given. 1 | read that the pilot lost__.-
= ~———s and that’s what
1 | offered to pay, but he refused to even listen! caused the crash. (conscious)
He absolutely Ss, even though | offered 2 They needto___———_—sr the whole system — and
myself. PAYING soon! (modern)
2 After hours of questioning, he finally told them he’d 3 The two countries recently signed a new trade
cheated in the exam. . (agree)
In the end, after hours of questioning, he
4 Polio is a highly ______ disease. (infection)
in the exam. TO
5 The doctors said it was probably some kind of
3 I’ve always wanted to go to Abbey Road. The Beatles reaction to something I'd eaten. (allergy)
recorded there.
I've always wanted to go to Abbey Road, 6 They warned me that the pills could cause minor
The Beatles recorded. PLACE to my eyes. (irritable)
4 | can’t understand you. Can you speak a bit more 7 Nicotine is highly _____ . (addiction)
slowly? 8 Heledthe_______ struggle against England.
Sorry, but | can’t follow you. You're speaking a bit (liberate)
for me. TOO
9 Most diseases are________if they’re treated early
5 He seemed sure everything was going to be fine. enough. (cure)
He kept saying ______—-s OK. WOULD
10 They've developed this amazing new ________ for
Choose all the correct options. addiction. (treat)
1 That’s the hospital that / which / where | had my 9 Complete the text with one word in each space.
operation in a few years ago. The first letters are given.
2 We met during the time when / which / that | was When | was in Texas, | had to go into hospital because
working in the Munich office. | had a high 'te_____ and quite a *nma______
3 He was a military leader who / that/ which inspired cough. | kept feeling a bit sdi_____ every time |
great loyalty in his men. stood up as well. The doctor that | saw told me there
was a nasty “vi______ going around and gave mea
4 He said he was going to / is going to / would do it
check-up. Then he said that, judging by my symptoms,
sometime later in the year.
| probably just had flu and it should ®°cl___—Ssup in
5 He suggested / complained/ refused to consider my a few days. He gave me an “in____ and then sent
suggestion. me home with some ’an___ to take. | drank a lot
6 He kept asking what had happened/ was happening / of *fi and was soon feeling much better.
was going to happen. When | got the hospital bill, though, | nearly had a
7 She promised she’d help / helping / to help me, but *he___ ss attack! | don’t have any health
she never did! insurance, but luckily | came into a bit of money
when my grandfather died. He left me £2,000 in his
Listen and write the six sentences you wis, so. at least | was able to pay my bills.
hear.
Review 8 149
1 WRITING Keeping in touch
SPEAKING
1 Work in pairs. Discuss the questions. To [email protected]
+ Are you good at keeping in touch with From [email protected]!
people? Why? / Why not?
What's good and bad about these ways Dear Lian,
of keeping in touch?
Apart from getting married, looking for a flat and working
- email
six nights a week, I'm also going to the gym a lot. | want to
- phone
- Facebook (or similar)
get fit and lose some weight so | look good in my wedding
- WhatsApp (or similar) dress. And that’s another thing | need to do — get my
wedding dress! I’m completely exhausted, but I’m also
* Think of someone you know who you really happy!
haven't been in touch with for a while.
Why haven't you been in touch? What Lots of love
was their situation last time you were in When | last wrote, | told you I’d met a guy called Hugo.
touch? Do you know if it has changed at Well, guess what? We're getting married! He proposed
all? In what way? when we were having a meal to celebrate our first six
months together. | know it seems quick, but he’s a really
WRITING wonderful guy. It now looks as if I'm going to stay in
Scotland for a long time!
2 Read an email from an Italian student,
Anyway, what about you? What are you doing at the
Chiara, to a Chinese friend she met moment? When you wrote last, you said you were feeling
while studying in the UK. Put the parts a bit tired and you were thinking of taking a holiday and
(a-g) into the correct order. Then work going to see Eri in Japan. Did you go? How was it? How
in pairs and explain your order. is Eri? | often think of you and her and the great times we
had at school here. It would be great if you could come
Use words from the email to complete
and visit.
the phases that we often use in emails
when catching up with news. Write to me soon and tell me your news.
1 How are you? Sorry | haven't How are you? Sorry | haven’t written recently, but I've been
recently, but I've very busy. very busy. So many things are happening in my life at the
2 When| wrote | told you ...
moment it’s difficult to find time for anything else!
3 ________—sr what? We're getting married!

As well as getting married, we're looking for a new place
to live. We want to find a house — somewhere nice where
4 ___s—«, What about you? What we can start a family. It’s very expensive here, so it’s good
you doing at the ? that | also started a new job two months ago. I’m working
5 | often think you and the great in an Italian restaurant. The basic wages aren't great, but |
we had. usually get a lot of tips, so the money could be worse. The
6 Write to me and tell me your owner is Scottish. His grandparents were Italian, but he
doesn’t speak Italian very well, so it's good for my English
too. And, of course, | speak English with Hugo and his
4 Work in groups. Discuss the questions. family. Before | met his parents, | was very nervous, but
Do you think Chiara and Hugo have they’re very kind and friendly.
decided to get married too quickly? Chiara
Why? / Why not?
Would you like to study abroad?
Why? / Why not?
*» Doyou have any friends from other eh ee tseee
countries? How did you meet? eee ee
- Apart from emails, what ways can you aiid
think of to practise writing in English? ee BN
What's the best way?

KEY WORDS FOR WRITING 7 Complete the sentences with the correct
auxiliary forms. To do this, you will need to
decide if the action took place before or around
the same time that you wrote / spoke. Note that
as well as, apart from, too and also you may need to use negative forms.
We use as weil as and apart from to join ideas and
The last time you wrote, | think you told me you
1
different parts of sentences. Notice how these phrases

can start a sentence and that they are followed by an -ing
started a new job.
form without a subject pronoun. At the end of the clause The last time | wrote to you, | think | still
starting with as well as / apart from, add a comma. pregnant.
As weil as geiting married, we're looking for a new place The last time we spoke, you said you
to live. feeling a bit down.
Apart from getting married, looking for a flat and working The last time | saw you, you doing your
six nights a week, I'm also going to the gym a lot.
exams.
Too and also add ideas, but you need another word such
The last time | saw you, | have a job.
as and, but or so to join the two parts of a sentence. Too
goes at the end of the sentence / clause. A/so usually goes The last time you wrote, you said you
in the middle. planning to move.
lam exhausted, but I’m also really happy. The last time we spoke, | still graduated.
He doesn’t speak Italian very well, so it’s good for my The last time | wrote, | going out with
English too. Karen.
It's very expensive here, so it’s good that | also started a
new job two months ago.
8 Match sentences 1-8 from Exercise 7 with the
follow-up comments / questions a-g.
a How are you now? | hope you're better.
5 Join the pairs of sentences using the words
in brackets and making any other necessary b How's it going? Are you finding it easier?
changes. c Did you find anywhere nice? What's your new
1 | started a new job last week. I’m moving house. address?
(also) d How did you do? Did you pass them all?
2 I’m studying a lot. I'm training hard for a marathon. e Well, Sara is two now and |'’m actually expecting my
(as well as) second!
My brother is living with me at the moment. I'm busy Well, guess what? I’m now the assistant manager of a
looking after him. (too) local store.
| helped to organise my Mum's 50" birthday party. g Well, unfortunately we've split up.
I’ve been busy at work. (apart from)
h Well, | finished last July and now I’m doing a Master's.
| went to Germany on holiday. | went to Sweden for a
conference recently. (as well as) 9 Complete the sentences with your own ideas.
Then add a follow-up question or comment.
Quite a lot of bad things have happened. | have
some good news. (too) 1 The last time you wrote, you said ...
6 Write three sentences about your recent life 2 The last time | saw you, I think |...
using too / also or as well as / apart from. Then 3 The last time | spoke to her, ...
read your sentences to a partner.
PRACTICE
GRAMMAR 10 You are going to write an email to someone who
you haven’t been in touch with for a while. You
want to catch up with their news. Before you
Re porting what people said write, think about the following.
When we write to catch up with news, we often refer to why you haven't been in touch
the situation the last time we wrote to / spoke to / saw
the person we're writing to. Notice how we use the past the situation you were both in when you last spoke
perfect simple or the past continuous to show if the action and / or what you talked about
happened before we spoke, or around the same time, your situation now; things you’re doing; events that
The other week when | saw you, | remember you said your have happened to you recently
mum was ill. (= ill at the time we met)
questions you want to ask your friend
When | last wrote, | told you | had met a guy called Hugo.
(= We met before | wrote.) 11 Write your email. Use the model email to help
When you wrote last, you said you were feeling a bit tired you and use as much language from this lesson
and you were thinking of taking a holiday and going to as you can.
see Eri in Japan (= You were thinking around the same
time as you wrote.)
Writing 151
2 WRITING Short emails
SPEAKING
How often do you check your email?
How many emails a day do you think you
send?
« Who do you write to most often?
* Do you ever send emails in English? Who
to? Why?
WRITING
Explaining why you are writing Dear Thorsten,

We generally begin emails with a line explaining I’m planning to come to Germany next month
why we are writing. To people we already know, on business and need to contact Matthias Einhoff
we often begin with sentence starters like this: before | arrive. | want to arrange a meeting with him to
discuss a new project. The problem is, though, I've lost
Justa quick | one to let you know
his contact details. Do you know anyone who might
short | note | to remind have them? I'd be really grateful if you could try to
email | to ask find out.
to tell Anyway, | hope all is well — and hope to hear from you
to say I’m sorry
soon.
to say thank you
Many thanks,
to say congratulations Oliver

All of these sentence starters can be used with
friends or with colleagues. However, in more
formal contexts, it may be best to avoid the word
one and use note or email instead.
Hi Lars
2 Complete the pairs of sentence endings | think you arrived the day after
1-7 with sentence starters from the box. | had to go to Vienna for a friend’s wedding. | was
there for three days and had a great time, and then
1 .. you that next Monday is a public holiday. came back on the 27" and tried to call you, but | got a
... you to bring that book you said you'd lend message saying the number wasn’t available. Have you
me.
changed your mobile or lost it or something?
... |missed you while you were in Paris.
Anyway, | hope you had fun here and please let me
... to hear you’ve been ill.
know in advance next time you're planning to come
.. for all your hard work organising the here again. | would love to see you again. It’s been a
conference. long time!
.. for a lovely weekend.
All the best,
... Larrived safely in Hong Kong.
Maria
... 'll be a bit late to the meeting tomorrow.
... If you could do me a big favour.
... If you could send me the photos you took
at the party.
... you | can’t make the meeting tomorrow. Hi Tatsu,
.. you how much we enjoyed the barbecue
| can’t believe you got an A! You must
last night.
be really pleased. Still, after all your hard work, you
.. ON your exam results. deserve it! | hope you’re going to go out and celebrate.
.. to you both. The baby’s beautiful. I've got my exams next month and am really worried
about them. | just hope | do as well as you did.
3 Work in pairs. Write one more possible
ending for each of the seven sentence Anyway, write to me when you have a free minute and
starters in the box above. tell me all your news.
Cheers for now,
4 Complete the three short emails with the
correct whole sentence from Exercise 2. Davorka
152
7 Rewrite each of the groups of sentences below
as one sentence. Link your ideas using and / or.
Leave out any words you think are unnecessary.
1 We left Sydney on Friday night. We arrived in Hong
Kong on Saturday morning.
2 | really want to send one of the photos to my mum. |

want to burn some of the other photos onto a CD.
3 Don’t worry about missing class tomorrow. Don't

worry about taking time off if you need to.
4 Don't feel you have to wear a suit to the party

tonight. Don’t feel you have to bring a present.
5 I’m going to Prague tomorrow. I’m going to Pisa on

Friday, so | won't be at the meeting on Thursday. |
won't be at work for the rest of this week.
6 | thought the story was great. | thought the acting

was really good, but | didn’t really like the ending. |
didn’t really like some of the songs.
VOCABULARY
SPEAKING Ending emails

5 Work in pairs. Discuss the questions. The way we end emails depends on who we are writing to.
i Some endings are more common for formal emails, while
+ Have you ever lost anyone's contact details? How others are more common for neutral or informal ones.
did you lose them? Did you manage to get them
back again?
8 Look at these nine different ways of ending
« Have you been to a wedding in the last few years?
When? Whose was it? What was it like?
emails. Work in pairs. Discuss which endings
you could use:
« Have you congratulated anyone recently? Why?
1 in more formal situations (e.g. applying for a job,
+ Have you got any exams in the near future? Do you writing to someone you don’t know at all).
know anyone else who has?
2 in more neutral situations (e.g. colleagues at work,
people you already know).
GRAMMAR 3 in more informal situations (e.g. close friends and
; family).
Leaving out words Kind regards Love Lots of love

When we add information to a sentence using and/or, we
often leave words out if they have already been used. We sat . i All the best ERIS ICL
assume the missing words are understood by the reader. BrEARONY. Yours neue
I'm planning to come to Germany next month on business Many thanks sincerely Yours
and (I) need to contact Matthias Einhoff before | arrive.
6 Decide which words have been left out of these 9 Work in pairs. Think of the letters and emails
sentences. Then work in pairs. Compare your that you send. Which of the endings in pee
answers. What kinds of words are generally 8 could you use if you wrote them in English ?
left out? Say as much as you can about who your emails
; are to, and which endings you would use.
1 Have you changed your mobile or lost it or
something?
2 I've got my exams next month and am already really PRACTICE
worried about them. 10 Write four short emails. Begin each one with a
3 | hope this is OK with you and won't cause too many sentence starter from the Writing box. Try to
problems. write two more informal emails, and two more
4 | will talk to Rose on Thursday and ask her what | formal ones. Use as much of the language from
missed, but please do let me know if there’s anything this lesson as you can.
urgent | need to do or know about before then.
Writing 153
3 WRITING Stories
SPEAKING SPEAKING
1 You are going to read a short story written for 4 Work in pairs. Discuss the questions.
an exam. It starts with the line: /t was dangerous, + Do you know anyone who has done a parachute
but I knew I had to do it. First, work in pairs and jump?
do the following.
* Would you like to do one? Why? / Why not?
« Based on this first line, think of four possible things
+ Would you like to do any of these other dangerous
that the writer was about to do.
things? Are there any you have done already?
* How do you think each of these four stories might - go whitewater rafting
then develop? - gO mountaineering
- do a bungee jump
- go hang-gliding
WRITING A story - hitchhike round the world
2 The four sentences below are from the story. - explore caves
Check you understand the words in bold. Then
work in pairs. Discuss the order you expect to
read the sentences in. Explain your ideas.
a_ | could feel the wind rushing past me as| fell. It was dangerous, but I knew I had to do it.
b | floated slowly down. If there is one thing I love, it’s a challenge. |
c | moved my feet closer to the edge and looked
moved my feet closer to the edge and looked
down! down. I was just about to jump when it
d Eventually, | pulled the cord. suddenly hit me. I was really going to do it!
Nobody had believed me when I!___ (say)
3 Now read the story and complete it with the
correct form (past simple, past continuous or I would do it, but there I was.
od peter’ eee. of the verbs. Then work in
7 id ¢ r ideas. era I moved my feet closer to the edge and looked
down. It was a very long way to the ground!
Everyone else * (seem) so relaxed, but
epaateD r+)
my heart ° (beat) like crazy. Just as I
*___ (think) about maybe changing my
mind, the voice behind me ° (scream),
‘Go! Go! Go!’ — so I jumped.
Suddenly, the panic and the fear just

disappeared. 1 °______ (really / fly)! 1
could feel the wind rushing past me as I fell.
Eventually, I pulled the cord on my parachute
and it ’ (open) — thankfully! I floated
slowly down, enjoying the incredible views. I
: (land) safely and knew at once that
this was something I wanted to do again.
KEY WORDS FOR WRITING VOCABULARY
— + Sa ee a ee a Se
=: ae at ew SS ae Se
just about to, just as Descriptive verbs

Was / Were (just) about to + infinitive (without to) is used We can use descriptive verbs to make stories more
to talk about something you were planning to do before exciting.
something else happened. When suddenly often follows
The voice behind me screamed, ‘Go! Go! Go!’
just about to,
| was just about to jump when suddenly it hit me!
8 Match the descriptive verbs 1-7 with their
Just as is used to emphasise that two verbs happened
definitions a—g.
at exactly the same time. It is more common to use the
past continuous after just as but the past simple is also 1 slam a say very quietly
possible.
2 grab b move very quietly/ slowly
Just as | was thinking about maybe changing my mind,
3 shout c look at something for a long time
the voice behind me screamed, ‘Go! Go! Go!’
4 stare d close; put something down
Just as | turned on the computer, | heard a bang and the
lights went out.
angrily / loudly
5 rush e say very loudly
5 Match the two parts of the sentences. 6 creep f run; go ina hurry
1 | was just about to give up and stop looking 7 whisper g take hold with your hand suddenly
She was just about to go back to bed 9 Work in pairs. Take turns to act the words from
WN
We were just about to kiss Exercise 8. Can your partner guess what you are
Just as the band appeared on the stage,
doing?
owt
Just as we were all sitting down to eat dinner, 10 Complete the sentences with the correct form of
Just as | was walking out of the store,
the verbs from Exercise 8.
1 The train was leaving in ten minutes so we
when she suddenly heard a strange noise to the station.
Q
downstairs.
2 Heran out and the door shut behind him.
three men ran in, holding guns and pushed past me.
3 |_____ at the paper. | couldn’t believe what it
CFS
when suddenly | saw something shiny in the dirt. said.

there was a loud knock at the door. 4 Just as | was leaving, someone my bag
OO
when my ex-boyfriend suddenly walked in. and ran off.

—s (O)
the woman next to me started screaming like crazy! 5 It was chaos. Everyone was screaming and
Work in pairs. Think of one more possible 6 |_______ down the stairs, trying not to make a
ending for each of the sentence beginnings 1-6 noise.
in Exercise 5. 7 | tried to the answer to my friend but the
Rewrite each pair of sentences as one sentence. teacher heard me.
Link your ideas using the words in brackets.
Make any other changes you think are PRACTICE
necessary.
11 Look at the exam questions below and choose
1 We were planning to leave. Then they gave us a
one.
table. (just about to)
a Write a story that starts with one of the following
lines:
2 | was planning to give up and go home. Then | saw
- It was three o'clock in the morning when the phone
him walking towards me. (just about to)
rang.
- lt was dangerous, but | knew | had to do it.
3 | was planning to go to bed. Then the doorbell rang.
b Write a story that ends with one of the following
(just about to)
lines:
- ,. and that was the best day of my life.
4 We were walking towards our car. A police car - .. and that was the worst day of my life.
suddenly drove up and stopped right in front of us.
(just as) 12 Plan your story. Then work in pairs and discuss
your ideas. Can you think of any ways to make
5 We were starting to think the holiday was going to be the story more exciting?
a disaster. At that moment, the sun came out.
13 Write the story. Use between 150 and 180 words.
(just as)
Writing 155
4 WRITING Making requests
SPEAKING 1
1 Check you understand the words in bold. Then Dear Sir/Madam,
work in pairs and discuss the questions.
| have already ' a reservation under
When was the last time you did a friend a favour? the name of Rosario for the 18"—20" January.
What was it? Would it be possible to stay an extra night on
When was the last time you asked a friend to do you Saturday 21* January? If not, do you 2
a favour? What was it? How did you ask? What did you could inform me as ? as possible
they say? as | will then need to make other arrangements.
- Do you owe anyone a favour at the moment? Many thanks.
Yours faithfully,
GRAMMAR Sandra Rosario
Indirect questions 2
In writing, we often avoid direct requests and questions.
Notice how the word order changes after the indirect Hi Zarina,
question phrase. For example:
Just a quick one to ' thank you for the
Can you send me the files as soon as possible? > email. | love the photos! Is there any 7___
Do you think you could send me as soon as possible? you could print them out, though, as my printer
isn’t very good? I'd 3 to frame the
How much is it? > photos and put them on my wall.
Could you tell me how much it is? Michaele
2 Complete the indirect questions by putting the

words in brackets in the correct order.
3
1 Could you do me a favour and (it / now /
for / buy / me) and then I'll pay you back later? Dear Margot,
2 Do you think (could / ring / give / him/a/ Long time, no see. How are you? I've been very
you) and speak to him about it? : finishing my final dissertation for my
3 Is there any way (letter / could / this / Master's. It's 20,000 words, so | haven’t been
you / translate) for me? out much! I’ve attached it here. As your English
is so good, could you do me a big 7__
4 | was wondering (could / if / me / you/
and look through it carefully to check it’s OK?
send / possibly) some samples of your work?
rd 2 really grateful.
5 Could you tell me (everything /when/ be
Cheers,
/ will / collect / to / ready)?
3 Write a different ending for each of the five

indirect question starters in bold in Exercise 2. yaa se
WRITING
4 Read these four emails and complete them with Dear Mario,
one word in each space. Just a quick email to ‘____————s you know
when I'll be arriving in Milan. The flight gets
5 Work in pairs. Discuss these questions for in at 05.10 on Friday morning. Actually, | was
each email. Z if you could possibly come and pick
« Who is writing to whom? me up, if it’s not too much trouble? I'd be really
grateful as I'll have loads of luggage.
- What phrase(s) are used to say thank you?
Ss.——
- — the best
«+ Do you think the requests are reasonable? If not,
why not? Andre
- Are there any requests you would not ask or would
refuse to do? Why?
156
VOCABULARY KEYWORDS FOR WRITING
Synonyms as
In the first email, Sandra asks if they can inform her as We saw in Writing 3 that as / just as is sometimes used
soon as possible. Inform is a synonym for te//. We can use to mean while. As is also very commonly used to mean
synonyms to make something sound more formal or more because.
‘chatty’, but often there is no difference in formality.
As your English is so good, could you do me a big favour
and look through it carefully to check it's OK?
Match the verbs in italics 1-8 with their I'd be really grateful as I'll have loads of luggage.
synonyms a-h. Which verbs are more formal? As is also used in certain common expressions.
1 request
a refund a pick up Do you think you could inform me as soon as possible?
2 collect Maria from the airport b send on
3 the flight arrives at five c getin 8 Use the ideas below to write five requests and
4 inform me when it is ready d fillin add reasons using as. Use one of the expressions
from Exercise 5 to say thanks.
5 enquire about prices e ask for
look after the kids?
6 complete the form f say sorry
ls there any way you could look after the kids on Friday
7 forward the email to him g ask
as we have tickets for the theatre? We'd be really
8 apologise for the error h_ tell grateful.
Work in pairs. Tell each other about the last time send me another copy of the invoice?
=
you: give me a lift?
WN
* requested something by email. stay at your place for a few days?

+ informed someone of something by email. extend the deadline for my essay?
or
* enquired about something by email. complete the work by Thursday?

« completed a form.
9 Complete the sentences below with these
* sent on an email, message or link. expressions.
* apologised for something. as far as | know
as far as the hotel is concerned
|
as soon as you hear

Oy iO)!
as soon as you arrive

as quickly as you can
Be
as soon as possible
Se
1 Do you think you could email me ____ any

news as I’m a bit worried about him?
2 When you arrive, you need to go_______—ito
Terminal B as there isn’t much time for the transfer
between fights.
3 Give meacall__._.___— at the station and I'll come
and pick you up. Just wait outside the main entrance.
4 _____, it’s all booked and confirmed. Is there
any way you could sort out the car hire, though, as |
don’t have a driving licence?
5 Could you let me know ____ whether you can
come or not as we need to make the booking?
6 , the shuttle bus runs all night, but perhaps
you should ring the tourist information office to
check.
\
.
-
PRACTICE
10 Work in pairs. First, working on your own, write
two short emails making requests. One should
be to a hotel or company and the other should
be to your partner. Use as much language from
11 Swap your emails with your partner. Write a

reply to each one.
Writing 157
5 WRITING Formal emails
SPEAKING WRITING
1 Work in groups. Discuss the questions. Fourteen 16-year-old schoolchildren are going on an
. What things need doing when you organise the exchange visit to Valencia, Spain. One of them has
following? written to the organisation arranging the trip to ask
- ameeting to change the programme.
a wedding
a group excursion
2 Read the email below. If you were Ms Roberts,
a conference would you agree to the change? Why? / Why
- a party not? What ways does Simon Holden use to try to
persuade Ms Roberts?
Which is the most difficult thing to organise? Why?
Have you ever been involved in organising any of 3 Work in pairs. The email should have
these things? How easy was it? paragraphs to organise the different information
Did you have to make any changes or compromises? and make it easier to read. Mark where you
would start each new paragraph with //.
To roberts [email protected]
From [email protected]
Dear Ms Roberts,
lam writing on behalf of the students who
are going on the trip to Valencia in October.
Firstly, can we say thanks for all your hard work
organising the trip. On the whole, it looks great
and we are all very much looking forward to
it. However, we were wondering if we could
possibly suggest one change. The Sunday
after we arrive, there is a motorcycle Grand
Prix in Cheste and ten of us would like to go.
Currently, we are scheduled to go to the zoo
that day and are free after lunch. Although we
are sure the zoo Is really nice, it seems a shame
to miss such a big event while we are there,
and Cheste is supposed to have a very special
atmosphere. The four who are not interested
in the motorcycling said they do not mind hil
missing the zoo either. Alternatively, we could

visit the zoo on Wednesday afternoon, which is a
currently free for shopping. We can take public

transport to the Grand Prix as it is only 30km
from Valencia. Obviously, we would pay for any
extra cost, although we imagine you would have
to come with us to supervise. We are sorry if this
causes any inconvenience, but we are all very —0 50 OEE
keen to go. We really hope that the change is
possible and thank you again for all your work
putting together the programme — we very much
appreciate it. Yours sincerely,
Simon Holden
aL
Be/
aS ito
F '
4 More formal writing has some rules such as those Complete the sentences with one word in each
below. Find an example of each in the email. space.
1 Use surnames to address people. 1 it would be nice to visit the museum, we
2 Use full forms, not contractions (e.g. did not rather don’t have enough time.
than didn’t). 2 It's a very full programme. , there is space
3 Avoid direct questions. for one more visit on Monday afternoon.
4 Use more formal words (e.g. request rather than 3 We would really like to go to the exhibition,
ask for). we were wondering if we could go on
Tuesday instead of Sunday.
5 Use formal ways to sign off.
4 Thanks again for your help.____——we realise
5 Look at the words in bold in the letter. Underline these last minute changes are inconvenient, we are
the whole chunk you could use for a similar sure they will improve the programme.
letter. 5 On the whole, everything seems to be very clear. | do
have couple of queries, 3
6 Work in pairs. Cover the email and complete the
extracts with one word in each space. Rewrite each pair of sentences as one sentence
1 behalf using the words in brackets and the correct
the students who are going on the trip to punctuation.
Valencia. 1 Giving all the participants a souvenir is a nice idea. It
2 Firstly, thanks might be a bit too expensive. (but)
organising the trip. 2 | personally like rock music. Some of those attending
3 whole, it looks great and we might prefer something different. (although)
are all very much looking forward to it.
4 ...we__ ss Wondering 3 The menu for the dinner looks great. | think we should
eS suggest one change. have a better option for vegetarians. (however)
5 ; scheduled
go to the zoo...
6 Alternatively, ...-____srvisit the zoo on VOCABULARY Programme
Wednesday ... 10 Complete the collocations with programme by
7 We using the correct form of these words.
inconvenience, but we are all
very keen to go. exciting include put together
full last-minute swap
8 Thank you again for all your work putting together
the programme —
appreciate 1 Thank you for all your hard work___—Sséthh@?
programme.
2 We were wondering if we could make two
KEYWORDS FOR WRITING changes to the programme.
3 Alternatively, we could _______ some things round
in the programme.
however, although and but 4 Currently, itis avery __.____ programme. Could
However, although and but can all have a similar meaning, we perhaps drop something from the programme
but they use different grammar. and make room for some free time?
5 It looks like a very__t—s programme: of events
7 Look at these sentences from the email and and we are very much looking forward to it.
complete the rules below. 6 We regret to inform you we will be unable to
a Although we are sure the zoo is really nice, it seems your talk in the programme.
a shame to miss such a big event.
b On the whole, it looks great and we are all really
looking forward to it. However, we were wondering if
PRACTICE
we could possibly suggest one change. 11 Work in pairs. Plan a week’s programme for a
c Weare sorry if this causes any inconvenience, but group of exchange students visiting where you
we are all really keen to go. live or a programme of lectures and activities for
a company team-building day.
1 and connect two parts of
the same sentence.___————_—srusually starts the 12 Swap your programme from Exercise 11 with
sentence, but can come in the middle. another pair. With your partner, discuss what
2 ________ always connects to an idea in a previous
you would change in the programme, why you
sentence. It usually starts the second sentence, but would change it and how.
it can come in the middle or at the end of the second 13 Write a formal email to the organisers to request
sentence.
your changes. Use as much of the language from
Writing 159
6 WRITING Reports
SPEAKING
1 Work in pairs. Discuss the
questions. CURRENT YOUTH PROVISION IN ROCAFORT
* Look at the photos. What kind
of age group do you think the
Introduction
activities / places are good for? At present, there are only a limited number of things for young people to do
in Rocafort. As a result, the main free-time activity is simply hanging out in
+ What other activities / places are
the street.
good for the following ages?
3-6 12-15
7-11 16-18 Sports
« What facilities are there for There is a small outdoor sports centre, which has a football pitch, a
young people where you live? basketball court and two tennis courts. In addition, there is a swimming
Do you think there are enough? pool, although this is only open from July till the first week in August.
Why? / Why not? Nearby, there is a small park with a climbing frame and swings.
WRITING Other activities

The village has a social centre that runs classes in dance and yoga two days
2 Read the report on the
a week. For younger children, there are painting classes. This centre also
facilities for young people has a small cinema screen and auditorium. However, this is rarely used.
in a Spanish village called
Rocafort. Then work in pairs Recommendations
and discuss the questions.
As far as classes are concerned, the council could provide a wider range
« Do you think the area is better for all age groups. For example, they could do drama or run music groups.
or worse for young people than More could be done with the cinema: why not show regular films on Friday
where you live? Why?
evenings or Saturday mornings?
« Can you think of any other
In terms of the sports facilities, the council could provide more organised
services or facilities that could
teams and subsidise coaching sessions. Finally, the council should consider
be provided for the young
covering the swimming pool so it could be used in winter.
people of Rocafort?
160
+ Where do kids hang out in your town / area? Is ita
problem?
- Does the government subsidise anything in your area?
» Are there any places / facilities you know which are
underused? How could more be done with them?
* Is there anything your local council should consider
doing?
KEY WORDS FOR WRITING
Referring to things
We often refer to particular things in a report using as far
as X is / are concerned or in terms of X.
fF
+
As far as classes are concerned, the council could
A tt. ae
provide a wider range for all age groups.
Se
In terms of the sports facilities, the council could provide
more organised teams.
7 Match the two parts of the sentences.
;
1 As far as public transport in the area is concerned,
Ba 2 In terms of the canteen,
—
3 As far as the hotel facilities are concerned,

4 In terms of security,
5 As far as the French classes are concerned,
6 In terms of the park,
the number of students should be reduced.

CO: 50
the owners should consider building a swimming pool.

3 Look at the report again. Underline all the more could be done to stop robberies.
OF
examples of the passive that you can find. Then most people are satisfied with the quality of food.
Gh
work in pairs and discuss why the passive is

used in writing reports. there’s a good range of play equipment for younger
RD
kids.
Find four ways of giving advice / making f many complain that the trains do not run late enough.
recommendations in the report.
8 Think of the area where you live. Complete the
sentences with your own ideas, explaining how
VOCABULARY Describing facilities people feel or how things could be different.
5 Complete the sentences using words from the 1 As far as public transport is concerned.) ...
report.
2 As far as schools are concerned, ...
1 There are only alimited__——————sooff classes you
3 In terms of sports facilities, ...
can go to.
4 In terms of things for young people, ...
2 The problem is that there’s nowhere safe for kids to
out with their friends. 9 Workin pairs. Discuss your sentences from
3 There are several squash___———_—soand table tennis Exercise 8. Do you agree with your partner’s ideas?
tables.
4 The school ____ a drama club in the evenings. PRACTICE
Anyone can go.
5 There is a sauna at the sports centre, but for some
10 Write a short report on one of the following.
reason itis___ sd used. : Facilities for young people the place where you live
6 The cinema could put ona______ range of films. + Public transport where you live
7 More could be_____—_—r with the existing facilities — « Your school / university / workplace
why not open them in the evenings?
Write about the current situation and make
8 The government should ____——Ss Swimming pools
some recommendations about how things could
so everyone can afford to use them.
be improved. Use the passive where appropriate
9 The council should _______ providing free sports and add suitable subheadings at the start of each
equipment. new section.
Writing 161
7 WRITING Opinion-led essays
SPEAKING 5 Complete the essay with these words.
1 You are going to read a short essay about cars. obviously However Otherwise Secondly
First, work in pairs and discuss the questions. Firstly thirdly In conclusion Personally
+ What kind of car do you / the people in your family

have? 6 The list below contains six pieces of advice for
writing essays. Find examples in the essay of
- Do you have a favourite kind of car?
where the writer follows each piece of advice.
« What is the traffic like where you live?
» Do you use the car much? To go where? DOS AND DON’TS FOR OPINION-LED ESSAYS
1 Show you know why the question is being asked
WRITING by giving examples of current trends or problems
2 Look at the essay title below. Write three connected to it.
reasons why people might agree with the 2 Make your own opinion clear in your introduction.
statement in the title and three reasons why 3 Allow space for points of view you disagree with and
people might disagree. explain why you disagree with them.
‘Cars are no longer the best means of transport.’ How 4 Use paragraphs.
far do you agree with this statement?
5 Avoid using you. Use impersonal forms like people
f
i or one.
Cars are good because... | Cars aren’t good because...
6 Do not use contractions like it'// or that'd. Use full
i
4. ie forms instead.
|
j
GRAMMAR
j
i
i
Describing trends
We usually begin introductions to opinion-led essays by
describing trends or problems connected to the title. This
helps to show the reader we understand why this question
is important. To describe trends, we often use a ‘double’
comparative.
Traffic is getting worse and worse every year.
Cycling is becoming more and more popular.
3 Workin pairs and compare your ideas. Then
More and more people are moving out of the city.
discuss how far you agree with each of the
reasons you thought of. Fewer and fewer people have driven to work as a result
of the congestion charge.
4 Read the essay. Does the writer think the same
as you?
SS SS aN NN IN
The number of cars on our roads has increased a lot 2 , in the long term we © need to
over the last twenty years. Traffic is getting worse and find alternatives to the car. ' , we will end
worse every year and we are slowly running out of oil. up unable to move round our cities, as our streets
As such, it is worth asking if cars are still the best way become full of traffic. Road deaths will increase and
to travel. | , | do not believe they are. there will be terrible environmental damage. It is ume
to limit car use and to encourage greater use of public
There are several reasons why cars remain so widely
transport and bicycles.
used, * , they allow one to get directly from A
to B. * , people feel comfortable in their cars s , while car users may want to continue
and * , the car industry is a large employer using their vehicles, other options must be explored
and has influence with the government. more fully.
162
7 Complete the introduction sentences below by 10 Match sentences 1-5 with the results /
making ‘double’ comparatives with these words. conclusions a-e.
The first one is done for you. 1 Many people nowadays are too busy to meet
(ern
nnn errr ences wae rweecerscasesccsercceee a
potential partners in the traditional way.
| bad expensive less more |
| cheap few long old 2 The war had become one disaster after another.
PSU Ose 3 Over the last few years, the company has decided to
1 As property becomes more and more expensive, do a lot more e-marketing.
children are living at home _______, with the
4 More and more people are suffering from
average home-leaving age now well over 30. 2
depression.
2 Public transport has improved dramatically over the
last few years. Despite this, people are 5 The school had the best results in the country last
driving into the city centre to work every day. yeu
3 Crime is getting ______ at the moment. The a As such, sales have grown dramatically.
government recently increased the amount of money bu A h. itis i hereit es| f it
available to the police, but this has not made much peed a Te TTA COAST ey SUCCESS:
difference. c As such, Internet dating is growing in popularity.
4 We are constantly demanding food. As d As such, the decision was made to bring the army
financial pressures grow, animals are given home.
space to live in and the risk of diseases resulting from
no : ; e As such, research into the factors affecting
poor conditions is growing every year. happiness has become more and more important.
5 ____ people are having children these days. , ; ; :
The average age to become a mother is getting 11 Work in pairs. Think of one more possible
. As such, the birth rate is dropping quite sentence that could follow each sentence 1-5 in
dramatically. Exercise 10. Start each one with As such.
8 Work in pairs. Discuss which trends in Exercise
7 are the same in your country — or how they are PRACTICE
different. 12 Work in pairs. Choose either the title below or
9 Write similar introduction sentences to those in one of the titles in Exercise 9. Discuss possible
Exercise 7 for the two essay titles below. reasons why people might agree or disagree
with the main statement in the title you choose.
‘The Internet has destroyed both jobs and profits for far Then discuss your own opinions
too many people.’ Discuss.
‘Some sports and entertainment stars earn far too much
‘Fast food is having a terrible effect on the health of the money.’ How far do you agree with this statement?
nation. As such, it should be banned.’ Do you agree?
13 Plan the content of each of your paragraphs.
KEY WORDS FOR WRITING Use the model essay in this lesson to help you.
14 Write the essay. Use between 150 and 180
words. Use as much language from this lesson as
as such you can.
To introduce results or conclusions, we often use as
such. It means ‘because what has just been said is true’. It
usually begins a sentence and is followed by a comma.
Traffic is getting worse and worse every year and we are
slowly running out of oil. As such, it is worth asking if cars
are still the best way to travel.
~ <
Wea tatete me.

8 WRITING Reviews
SPEAKING WRITING
1 Work in groups. Discuss the questions. 5 Read this online article recommending three
films. Then work in pairs and answer the
« How often do you watch films?
questions.
+ What kinds of films do you usually enjoy watching?
1 Have you seen any of the films? Do you agree with
- Are there any kinds of films you usually avoid? Why? the descriptions?
Do you prefer to watch films at the cinema or at 2 Would you like to see any of the films? Why? /
home? Why? Why not?
» How do you decide what film you want to watch? 3 What tense is used to describe the plot in each
Do you ever read reviews? review?
- Have you ever been given a recommendation which 4 Are you told the whole plot? If not, why not?
turned out to be a bad one?
5 Can you find eight adverb + adjective collocations in
the three reviews?
VOCABULARY Describing films
2 Match the descriptions below to these words.
;
| moving gripping entertaining
uplifting hilarious scary
REVIEWS
1 | couldn't stop laughing. It’s great.
2 It’s so sad! | was in tears at the end of the film. Three all-time favourites
3 Some scenes make you jump out of your seat and it
could give you nightmares!
LIFE IS BEAUTIFUL (LA VITA E BELLA)
4 It's really exciting. You just never know what's going KKK K
to happen next.
5 Although she has a difficult life, the film leaves you
This is a strangely uplifting film directed by and starring
feeling really happy and positive. It’s a very inspiring Roberto Benigni. It tells the story of an Italian man and
story. his son who are sent to a concentration camp during the
Second World War. While they are there, the father distracts
6 | enjoyed it. It’s a fun film. It’s got everything — a great the boy from all the bad things that are happening by
cast of actors, lots of action, a good soundtrack.
turning their life into a game. The film has everything: it's
3 Complete the sentences below with these funny, heartbreaking, superbly written and beautifully
adjectives. filmed.
| acted chosen directed

| filmed set written SEVEN PSYCHOPATHS
\
KKKKK
1 The film is in Belfast in the early 1970s.
When this thoroughly entertaining film begins, we see the
2 The main character is superbly ____ by Hollywood sign in the hills of Los Angeles, and it's very much
Leonardo DiCaprio. about the whole process of creating movies. It features
3 It has a very well- script, full of jokes. a well-chosen cast and stars Colin Farrell, who is a writer
4 The mountains and countryside are beautifully
working ona film called ... Seven Psychopaths! As part of
his research, Farrell meets all kinds of strange people and
the line between life and art becomes increasingly unclear.
5 The film is brilliantly by David Fincher.
The film manages to be hilarious, complex and clever. | can’t
6 The soundtrack contains several well- recommend it enough.
songs, which really remind you of the time the film is
set in.
4 Choose four adjectives from Exercises 2 and 3.

Use them to tell a partner about films you know.
12 YEARS A SLAVE
kk kkk
The historical drama 12 Years a Slave is a remarkable film
about the experiences of Solomon Northrup, a free black
man who was kidnapped while he was living in New York
and then sold into slavery. The film is based on a true story —
and is both gripping and extremely moving. Directed by
British filmmaker Steve McQueen, it's not an easy watch as
it’s very violent in places. However, it’s a powerful story that
is incredibly well acted.
164
KEY WORDS FOR WRITING Decide if both options are possible in each
sentence. If not, choose the correct option.
1 The film takes place during / when the Gulf War in
1990.
while, when and during
While, when and during show how two or more actions 2 They fall in love when / while she is planning his
relate to each other in time. While and during introduce wedding!
a continuing action or a period of time in which another 3 While / During he’s not looking, he puts a drug in her
action happens. While is followed by a clause (often using drink.
the past continuous). During is followed by a noun.
4 While / During the night, the toys come alive.
.. @ free black man who was kidnapped while he was
living in New York. 5 Things start to go wrong when / while the main
character decides to change his name.
lt tells the story of an Italian man and his son who are sent
to a concentration camp during the Second World War. 6 While / During the parents are away, he has to
defend the house against robbers.
When introduces a finished action. It is usually followed by
a clause using the present or past simple.
When this thoroughly entertaining film begins, we see the GRAMMAR

Hollywood sign in the hills of Los Angeles ...
Adding information after nouns
Note that you can also use when instead of while for
continuous actions, but while is more common. 7 Read the Grammar box. Then match each
sentence a-f to one of the three ways (1-3) we
add information after nouns.
We often add information after nouns in three different ways:

1
by using -ed / -ing participles
| STOR ee ee This is a strangely uplifting film directed by and
starring Roberto Benigni.
by adding a prepositional phrase
The historical drama 12 Years A Slave is a remarkable
film about the experiences of Solomon Northrup.
by using relative clauses
It features a well-chosen cast and stars Colin Farrell,
who is a writer...
a This a moving love story about a disabled woman.

b This is a comedy action film starring Akshay Kumar.
c The film is directed by Lasse Hallstrom, who also
directed The Cider House Rules.
d The film is set in a small town during the mayoral
election.
e The main character is a brilliant but lonely doctor
superbly played by Jennifer Jenkins.
f The documentary follows the lives of four couples
who have recently emigrated to Australia.
8 Work in pairs. Replace the words in italics in

the sentences in Exercise 8 with ideas of your
own. Think of two possible alternatives for each
sentence.
PRACTICE
9 A film magazine has a competition inviting
readers to send in a review of three films. Each
week they publish one winner. Write your entry
for one of the choices below. Use between 180
and 225 words.
+ Three best films of last year
+ Three films for a Sunday afternoon with the family
« Three classics
+ Three films for three different moods
Writing 165
GRAMMAR REFERENCE
6 We going away anywhere during the holidays.
1 FIRST CLASS We're just staying at home.
He ________ studied for his exams at all! He’s going to fail!
™N
AUXILIARY VERBS 8 She went home because she feeling very well.
do 9 | feel bad because | done the homework for
today.
We use forms of the verb do with the infinitive (without to).
10 He speaks really well given thathe _____——s beeen
Do you like Indian food? (present simple)
studying for that long.
We don’t live very near each other. (present simple)
Does your brother live near you? (present simple) In the examples and exercises above, you have met different
He doesn’t really like this kind of music. (present simple) forms. You will meet all these forms again in the book.
Did you have a good time last night? (past simple) Past simple and past continuous Unit 1
| didn’t go anywhere last night. (past simple) Present simple and continuous Unit 2
Present perfect simple and past simple Unit 3
have
Present perfect continuous and past simple Unit 4
We use forms of the verb have with the past participle form of
Present perfect simple and continuous Unit 9
the verb.
Passives Unit 11
Have you ever eaten snake? (present perfect simple)
Has your brother been to Lisbon before? (present perfect
NARRATIVE TENSES
simple)
| haven’t been there. (present perfect simple) Past simple
Add -ed to the infinitive (without to). Some past forms are
be irregular, such as spoke, fell and met. To make a negative,
We use forms of the verb be with the -ing form of the verb. use didn’t + infinitive (without to). The past simple is the most
What are you studying? (present continuous) common tense used when telling stories. It shows the events
She isn’t feeling very well. (present continuous) followed each other in order.
Where were you living at the time? (past continuous) | heard a noise and turned round to look. | didn’t see the hole
What was she doing in Kazakhstan? (past continuous) in front of me and so | tripped and fell. | hurt my knee quite
badly.
Notice how we combine have and been to form the present
perfect continuous. Past continuous
How long have you been studying English? Use was / were + -ing form.
He hasn’t been working there very long. |/ She / He was(n’t) waiting for a long time.
We also use the verb be with the past participle to make It was(n’t) raining outside.
passive forms of the verb. You / We / They were(n’t) working.
What language is that written in? (present simple) We often use the past continuous at the beginning of the story
When was this film made? (past simple) to give background information — the events taking place
around the time of the story.
Exercise 1 Something similar happened to me when | was living in Dubai.
Choose the correct option. One day, | was at work...
1 | heard you were ill yesterday. /s / Are / Does you feeling Anyway, last year | was filming in Sumatra and at dinner one
better now? day...
Do / Does you and your sister get on OK? The past continuous shows an action was unfinished or
WN
Where did you / were you born? stopped by another action.

Did/ Have/ Were you visited many foreign countries? | was walking down the street when | heard a noise behind
oOoR
Have / Has / Is your parents met your girlfriend yet? me. | turned round to look and tripped and fell. (= | fell before |
got to the end of the street.)
Where were / did / does your parents first meet?
How long you been / have you been waiting? Past perfect simple
ON
How long is / have / has / does he been married? Use had + past participle.
!/She/We/Theyetc. had(n’t) seen the film before.
Exercise 2
had(n’t) spoken to him.
Make negative sentences by adding the correct auxiliary
The past perfect shows the ‘past in the past’ — an action that
+ not / -n’t.
happened before something else we already talked about. It
1 She working today, I’m afraid. | think she’s sick. often goes with words like previously, already or before.
2 Can we go somewhere else? | really like this ! suddenly remembered | hadn’t turned off the cooker, so |
place very much. went back home, but by the time | got there, the kitchen had
3 | don’t see my sister very often. She live very already caught fire.
near me. | knew quite a lot of people in the music industry because I’d
4 |________ working at the moment. | need to find a job! previously been in a band.
5 When | told them, they believe me. They said |
was lying!
166
Exercise 1 Linking verb + noun
Match six sentence starters from 1—12 with the sentence When these verbs are followed by a noun, add like. It means
endings a-f. There are six sentence starters you don’t the same as, or similar to.
need. She looks like a model! It tastes a bit like chicken.
| was really surprised he failed the exam because
=
Exercise 1
| asked them to turn the music down because
Decide which five sentences are incorrect then correct
HBWHN
He didn’t post the letter because

OON
them.
He didn’t post the letter, even though
We were running out of petrol, so 1 Do you understand? You still look like a bit confused.
OU
We ran out of petrol, so 2 She said the flight would cost €50 and the hotel €30 a
night, which sounds like a really good deal.
When she told us she was thinking of becoming a model,
| had to tell him the bad news. | felt as if terrible afterwards.
W
| think she got upset because
Don't eat that. It tastes like really disgusting.
By the time we got there the show had already started, so
B
It's quite frustrating in the class. It sometimes seems as if I’m
Oo
10 When we got there the show was just starting, so
the only person who wants to study and learn.
11 | met my girlfriend while
6 She sounded like quite upset the last time | spoke to her.
12 | met my girlfriend and then
I’ve only met him once, but what he said about women really
~N
a we stopped at a garage. annoyed me. He seemed like an idiot to me.
b he’d studied a lot. 8 Do you think this dress makes me look like fat?
c we went to a friend’s for dinner.
d we didn't really miss much. DID YOU KNOW?
e I'd reminded him at least three times. These verbs are usually used in the simple tense. Sometimes
f we were laughing at her. people will use a continuous tense, but the meaning is the
same. If in doubt, use the simple tense.
Exercise 2 You're looking well! = You look well.
Complete the story with the correct form of the verbs. I'm feeling a bit ill. = I feela bit ill.
| remember a mistake | made when | ' (teach)
English in Argentina. | 2 (learn) a bit of Spanish PRESENT SIMPLE AND PRESENT
before in the UK, but | wasn’t very accurate or fluent. Anyway, CONTINUOUS
| was in class one day trying to get the students to talk, but
Present simple
they > (not / say) anything, so | said in Spanish,
‘Don’t get embarrassed! We all make mistakes. Just try. The We use the present simple to talk about habits / regular
students 4 (look) surprised and said ‘Embarazada?’ repeated activities. We also use the present simple to talk
‘Yes,’ | said, ‘| know how you feel because I’m a Spanish about more permanent things.
student and I’m embarrassed too sometimes.’ | later found out | train on Saturdays. (= a habit/ regular repeated activity)
}°______— (not / use) the right word — embarazada actually ! live in Budapest. (= this is always true)
means pregnant! After that being ‘embarrassed’ ®& We explain ‘how often’ using adverbs such as usually, often,
(become) a joke in class and | never ” (make) that sometimes, hardly ever, never.
mistake again! Funnily enough, though, the students actually
/ usually play football on Wednesdays.
. (start) talking a bit more English in class as a result.
Present continuous
Via gt
1 Leb We use the present continuous to talk about temporary,
unfinished activities.
She’s staying with her brother on the coast.
LINKING VERBS This weather’s depressing! It’s raining again.
The most common linking verbs are be, look, seem, feel, To emphasise that something is temporary, we often use
sound, taste and smell. After these linking verbs, we use one expressions such as at the moment, currently, this week and
pattern when they are followed by an adjective and different this month.
patterns when they are followed by a clause or a noun. I’m reading a great book at the moment. I'll lend you it when
Linking verb + adjective I’ve finished it.
The verbs can be followed by an adjective without adding any We also use the present continuous to talk about things in the
other words (apart from adding modifiers like very, a bit, etc. to future that are already arranged with other people.
the adjective). I’m going out for dinner with a client on Friday.
| feel fine. This cake tastes strange. We’re getting married in the summer.
He looked a bit upset.
Some verbs are normally used in the simple tense even when
Linking verb + clause the situation is temporary.
When these verbs are followed by a clause, the verbs can be Are you OK? You seem a bit sad.
followed by as /f or like. | don’t want to talk about it at the moment. I’m still really upset
You look as if you're in a very good mood. How come? about it.
! feel guilty. | feel as if it’s my fault. Here are some other verbs like this:
You sound like you're better. agree believe belong depend disagree doubt
forget hate know like matter mind
DID YOU KNOW? need owe own prefer realise sound
Like and as if mean the same thing in this context. However, seem suppose taste want
some people believe that using /ike with clauses is wrong or
too informal. In exams and when writing, it may be better to use
as if.
Grammar reference 167

Exercise 1 Less certain plans
Choose the correct option. When we have not completely decided a plan or we want
1A: What are the hours like where you work? show uncertainty, we use:
B: OK. I’m usually just working / | usually just work nine to will + probably / possibly + infinitive (without to)
five, but this month /’m doing / 1 do a lot of extra hours OR probably won’t + infinitive (without fo)
because we've got a really tight deadline to meet, so I’m not absolutely sure, but Ill probably go out later.
I’m starting / | start at nine in the morning and finishing/ We'll possibly go out later, but it probably won’t be for long
finish at nine or even ten at night most days.
might/ may (possibly) (not) + infinitive (without to)
2 A: Where do you work?
We might not go on holiday this year.
B: Well, /’m normally working / | normally work in the centre
| might have to work right through the summer.
of town, but next week /’m working / | work from home
because they decorate / are decorating our office. be thinking of + -ing
3 A: What does your job involve? A: I’m thinking of going to China. | have a friend there who's
B: It’s general office work, really. /’m answering / | answer invited me to visit. I'll see if | can afford it.
the phone and making / make appointments for my B: Really? When are you thinking of going?
boss, that kind of thing, but we’re holding / we hold a You may also see the patterns below that show the speaker
conference in a couple of months, so at the moment hasn't fully decided:
I’m sorting out/ 1 sort out lots of things for that as well.
It depends ... how much it is / if | have time / on the weather.
Exercise 2 I'll see ... what happens / what the weather’s like / if | can later.
Decide which five sentences are incorrect then correct
Exercise 1
them.
Decide if either one or both forms in italics are correct.
Can you phone back later? | have dinner.
=
1 | can’t wait for the holiday. / have to / I‘m going to see my

Ignore him. He’s just being silly.
grandparents in Hong Kong.
oRWN
Is she seeing anyone at the moment?

2 My dad probably won’t come / isn’t coming with us. It
I’m annoyed with him. He’s still owing me money.
depends how much work he has.
| don’t need any help thanks. | just look. 3 Over the holidays, / have to / I’m having to study for my
| go to the shops. Do you want anything? exams. It’s a pain.
I’m not a tea drinker. I’m preferring coffee. 4 We’re thinking of going / to go to Cuba in April. It’s
ON
| love cycling. | belong to a local cycling club. supposed to be great.

5 A: What are you doing / will you do in the summer holidays?
CMa B: | haven’t decided really. /’m going to / | might just stay at

home.
6 A: Do you have any plans on / for the weekend?
FUTURE PLANS B: No, /’m not doing / I’m not going to do anything.
There is no future tense in English and sometimes there is 7 I might possibly go / I’m thinking of going travelling after |
no real difference in meaning between two forms. Take any finish university. I'll see how much money | have.
explanation of future forms as just a guide, not as fixed rules. will and making decisions
Questions about plans We prefer be going to or the present continuous to talk about
We use the present continuous or be going to + infinitive plans that are certain and exist (i.e. already planned / arranged).
(without to) to ask about plans. However, we prefer wi// when we are making a decision or
What are you doing this afternoon? promise about the future now.
Are you going away in the summer? A: I’ve just heard | have to go to a meeting later, so | can’t drive
you to the hospital.
Where are you going to stay?
When are you going to finish work tonight?
B: Don’t worry. I’ll take the bus instead.
You can also ask: Exercise 2

Do you have any plans for today/ this afternoon / the summer? Complete the sentences below with the correct form (will
or be going to) of these verbs.
DID YOU KNOW?
Instead of saying be going to go, we often just say be going. text be call come see
It’s shorter and easier to say. For example, we usually prefer get go visit do
Are you going away? to Are you going to go away?
Definite plans 1 A: I’m afraid | can’t meet you at the station.|]_._—~—~—~———_in
Spain on a work trip that day.
We generally prefer to use be going to to talk about things that
we have decided before we speak. The present continuous is
B: That's OK. | a taxi to my hotel. It’s not a
problem.
also possible and doesn’t change the meaning.
We generally prefer to use the present continuous to talk about : My plane is landing at around half past six.
OD
arrangements we have made, but we can also use going to. : OK. Well, | and meet you at the airport, then.
I’m going to travel round Vietnam later in the year. : What are you doing tomorrow? Do you have any plans?
D>
|__ a client in the morning, but after that I’m free.

I’m not going to have a holiday this year.
| you sometime after one. f
We’re staying in a five-star hotel.
4A | home now. I’m tired and it’s late. | need to
I’m seeing my grandparents on Sunday.
sleep.
To show the plan or arrangement is an obligation, we use have B: OK. | you in the meeting tomorrow morning
to + infinitive (without fo). then.
| have to work long hours in July and August. 5 A: So what you about it? Any idea?
| don’t have to work on Friday so we could go out then. B: Hey, my boss is here. Can’t talk now. |___._ you
back later.
168
Yeah (I have). A couple of times.
PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE
I've been there quite a few times.
The present perfect simple is have / has + (not / never) +
Have you? What did you think of it?
past participle.
| went there last year on holiday.
l’ve been to Hiroshima.
| went there a few years ago on business.
He’s never been there before.
No (never), I’ve never really wanted to.
Have you (ever) visited there?
It’s never really appealed to me.
The present perfect simple is used to introduce or list
I’ve heard it’s amazing, though.
experiences connected to a present discussion.
but it’s supposed to be great.
A: Do you know where Cologne is?
but I'd love to / like to one day.
B: Yes. I’ve actually been there several times.
but I’ve always wanted to.
A: Why do you think you’ll make a good English teacher?
but I’m going there next month, actually.
B: Well, I’ve done some teaching before. I’ve travelled a lot.
but we're thinking of going there this summer,
I’ve been to several countries in Europe and Asia, so | think
actually.
I'll be good at talking to foreign students and I’ve also tried
learning a language myself.
Exercise 2
When we use the present perfect simple, we don’t usually say Correct the mistakes in B’s answers.
the exact time of the experience.
1 A: Have you read The Shadow of the Wind?
-yve-been | went there when | was living in Germany.
Drop
: No, | haven’t, but it’s supposed to good. Is it?
-ve-dere | did some teaching last year.
2 : Have you discussed the problem with Matt?
Details about the experience are usually in the past simple. We : Yeah, he’s actually rung me about ten minutes ago to talk
often use a time phrase with these details, but not always. about it.
Well, I’ve done some teaching before. | taught computer skills Ww
: Have you been to that new market yet?
to unemployed people back home. I’ve travelled a lot. I’ve oD : Yes, | have, actually. I’ve been shopping there yesterday —
been to several countries in Europe and Asia. | actually went and guess what? | bumped into Rick while | was there.
to Japan a few months ago. So | think I'll be good at talking to : We went to see the musical We Will Rock You last night.
>
a
foreign students. I’ve also tried learning a language myself. | Have you seen it?
tried to learn Japanese before I went there. : No, but | like to. I’ve heard it’s really good.
> ww
: We went to that Italian restaurant round the corner. Have

Exercise 1
oO
you eaten there yet?

Complete the sentences with the correct form (present : No. What it’s like?
perfect simple or past simple) of the verbs.
wD
: Have you ever done a parachute jump?

Pop
1 One of the best places | ' (visit) is Isfahan in Iran. : No never, but | always want to ever since | was a kid.
It’s a very historic city. About 500 years ago, it ” : Have you ever been to that fish restaurant on the high
(be) the capital of Persia. The capital * (move) to street?
Tehran quite a long time ago, though. : Yeah! | went there loads of times. It’s one of my favourite
ow
>a ( (be) to some great places in my life but, without restaurants.

a doubt, Shanghai is the best. | first ? (go) there 8 A: Have you ever been to Seoul?
in 2002 and |? (go) back three times since then. B: No, but I'll go there next week.
It’s very different now to how it used to be. In 2002, there
- (not/ be) as many skyscrapers and not that
many people spoke English.
(be) to Peru five
4 INTERESTS
3 | know it sounds strange, but! '
or six times now, but | 2 (never / go) outside of
HABIT AND FREQUENCY
Lima, the capital. The last time | * (be) there, |
4 (plan) to visit Machu Picchu, but in the end | just Present and past habits
5s (not / have) time. To talk about present habits, we use adverbs and the present
4 A: '______(you/ be) to Russia? simple.
B: Yes, quite a few times. Why? | sometimes go cycling by the river. It’s lovely there.
A: Well, we’re thinking of going there on holiday this summer. | never watch TV. | just don’t have time.
B: OK. Where to? To talk about habits in the past, we use adverbs and the past
A: Maybe St. Petersburg. simple or used to + infinitive (without to).
B: Oh, OK. |? (only / go) there once and it
| hardly ever went / used to go swimming when | was younger.
3s (be) quite a long time ago.
: What 4 (you / think) of it? * (you / When | was a kid, we always went/ used to go to Blackpool for
>
our summer holidays.

like) it?
B: To be honest, | © (not / see) very much of it. | Asking about frequency
7________—s(be) only there for a few days. | ®
When we ask about frequency of habits, we use these questions:
(spend) a lot more time in Moscow as my company has
Do you play tennis much?
an Office there.
Do you go walking a lot?
Answering present perfect questions How often do you do that?
When we answer present perfect questions, we often use other Do you ever go swimming?
tenses. Here are some common answers to the question Have
Did you go climbing much when you lived in Switzerland?
you ever been to...?
Did you use to go to that amazing restaurant on the lake?

Answering about frequency Exercise 2
We usually reply to these questions with one of the following Complete the sentences with the correct form of the
phrases and more details. verbs. There may be more than one possible answer.
(Yes / Yeah) All the time. Maybe three or four times a week. 1 When | was a kid, my parents me stay out late.
A lot. Maybe two or three times a month. (never/ let)
Quite often / Quite a lot. | probably go once or 2 My brother swimming every morning before | get
twice a week. up. (go)
Sometimes. It depends how | feel. 3 |_______ my parents as much as | used to, now that
(No) Not that often. | don’t have much spare time. we’ve moved. (not / see)
Hardly ever. The last time | went was about three years 4 When | was at school, | always really hard, but
ago. now I’m at university | to. (study, not / need)
Never. I’m just not interested. 5 |____=___ an hour in the gym every day, but | hardly ever
When we answer a How often question, we use a frequency now. That’s why I’m so unfit. (spend, go).
phrase — we don’t just say Yes / No.
How often do you see your grandmother? PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS AND
Once a month. / Three times a week. PAST SIMPLE FOR DURATION
Once every two months. / Once every three weeks. Present perfect continuous or simple?
Say small numbers first: once or twice / two or three times To talk about duration when an activity or situation is still taking
We also often answer using phrases that compare one thing place or affecting the present situation, we use the present
with another. perfect continuous (have / has + (not) been + -ing).
Not as much as | used to. (= In the past, | did it more than | do How long have you been learning English? You speak very
now.) well.
Not as often as before. (= In the past, | did it more than | do How long has he been working here? He doesn’t seem to
now.) know what to do.
Not as much as I'd like to. (= | want to do it more, but | can’t.) Aren't you tired? You’ve been driving all day.
Not as much as | should. (= | don’t do it enough. | feel guilty Some verbs, such as know, have and belong, are usually used
about it.) in the simple form (have / has + (not) + past participle) rather
We can also answer questions about frequency with whenever than the continuous.
meaning ‘every time’. How long have you known each other?
Yes / Yeah. Whenever | can. They’ve had that car for years. I’m not surprised it breaks
Yes/ Yeah. Whenever| get the chance. down so often.
Frequency phrases usually go at the end of sentences. Have you belonged to the club a long time?
| go there once every two or three months. Past simple
/ try to visit her whenever I get the chance. To talk about duration when the activity or situation is finished,
She goes running almost every day. we use the past simple.
Adverbs normally go between the noun and the verb, although A: | ran in a team when | was younger.
they can go in other places. B: How long did you do that?
We always go to that restaurant. Let’s go somewhere different. A: About five years, | guess. | stopped when | started working
In my old job, | sometimes had to work late, but | hardly ever full-time.
worked weekends. | lived in Brazil for around ten years before | moved back to the
States.
Exercise 1 | played tennis for years until | injured my knee and had to give
Correct the mistakes with the frequency phrases. up.
1 A: Do you ever go swimming? since
DPWO>DUPOS>OUrPmararmaDy
: No, hardly never. | don’t really like it.

Since or ever since show when a current activity / situation
2 : How often do you go out? started.
: Not much often. I’m very busy with my studies.
since 1993 / April 10” / last Monday/ five years ago
: Did you used to go and watch them play a lot?
since his injury/ the election / the start of the season / the
: Yeah, basically once a two weeks.
wedding
: Did your parents ever take you to art exhibitions?
ever since | was a kid/ | got injured/ they won the election /
: Yeah, sometimes. Probably twice or once a year.
we got married
Can we meet on Tuesday evening?
We usually use since phrases with perfect tenses.
: I’m sorry, | can’t. Always | go to my art class on Tuesdays.
I’ve been really into martial arts ever since | went to Japan.
So how often do you go walking?
: Whenever | will get the chance. for
: Do you go to the gym a lot? For shows the length / period of time something lasted —
: Not as much how | should. whether the activity is finished or not.
: Do you do much sport? for five minutes / six months etc.
: Not as much as | used. | had a foot injury for a while
for ages / hours / weeks / years etc.
which stopped me.
for a while / a long time / a week etc.
170
DID YOU KNOW?
In spoken English, we sometimes miss out for, especially in
RAL a lg =
answers to How Jong ...? questions.
A: How long have you been waiting? MUST AND CAN’T FOR COMMENTING
B: Half an hour. / Ages. We often use must or can’t + infinitive (without to) when we
comment on other people’s experiences. This shows we are
| worked there (for) a long time before | got to know people.
guessing about things, though we think we are probably right.
Exercise 1 A: I’m a heart surgeon.
Choose the correct option. B: Really? Wow! That must be stressful. (= |'m guessing this is
true, but | understand your experience may be different and
1 A: | have my yoga class tonight.
| may be wrong.)
B: Really? How long have you been doing / did you do that?
We use must in positive sentences. In negative sentences, we
2 A: |think | spent too long in the gym yesterday. I’m really
use can't.
stiff this morning.
A: I’ve been working here for ten years now.
B: How long have you been / were you there for?
B: Wow. So you must enjoy it.
3 A: My brother’s been skiing / skied ever since | can
remember. He’s really good. A: My husband is ill and off work at the moment, so I’m
B: I’m jealous! I’ve been going / | went skiing for two weeks working full-time and looking after the kids.
once and | never really managed to go more than 100 B: Oh! That can’t be easy.
metres without falling down.
4 A: Are you still going to karate classes? Responding to must/ can’t comments
B: Yeah, but | have an injury at the moment, so | haven’t When we reply to must/ can’t comments, we usually use a
been going / didn’t go for a few weeks. present (or past) tense to show the true facts or our own true
5 A: How long have you been going running? feelings / experiences. We may use a form of the auxiliary verb
B: Since / For last year. | feel so much fitter. be to avoid repeating an adjective or a form of the auxiliary
verb do to avoid repeating a verb.
6 A: Do you know anyone who'd like to play handball? We
haven't had / haven’t been having enough players since / A: It must be difficult. A: You must enjoy it.
for the end of last season. : Yes, it is (difficult). B: Yeah, | do (enjoy it).
w
B: You said. I’ve been trying to persuade my friend to play : It is (difficult) sometimes. B: | do (enjoy it) most of the time.
Ow
for you since / for ages, but he says he can’t commit to : No, not really. / Actually B: Not really. / Actually | don’t
playing every week. it isn’t (difficult). (enjoy it).
A: Well, he doesn’t have to play every week. Once every
: It can’t be easy. You can't enjoy it that much.
two weeks would help.
>PwowDp
DODD
: No, it isn’t (easy). No, | don’t (enjoy it very much).
COMMON MISTAKES : OA, it’s OK. Well, | do sometimes (enjoy it).
1 You speak German very well. How long ere-yeu have you : Actually, it is (easy). Actually | do (enjoy it).
been living here? Must is much more commonly used to comment on other
Don’t use the present continuous (or simple) to talk about people’s experiences and feelings than can’t, so practise must
the duration of an activity that started in the past but is comments and replies more.
still taking place or affecting the present situation. Use the
present perfect continuous (or simple). Exercise 1
2 | haven’t had any work fre since leaving my last job. Complete the dialogues with one word in each space.
| went to university sipee from 2010 till 2014. Contractions count as one word.
Use since not from when talking about the start of a period 1 A: We’re so busy. | think I’ve worked 70 hours this week.
>POD
of time that continues up to now. Use from / from when : Wow. You be exhausted.
to talk about the start of a period of time which is finished |__, but it’s going to be the same next week too.
before now. : Between emergencies, we often have nothing to do for
3 | waited for the plane during for two hours and they told us hours.
it was cancelled. Yous gett quite bored.
> D
Don’t use during to show how long something continued — : Yeah, we sometimes, but | read a lot and we
use for. During is used to refer to a point within a period of sometimes play cards.
time. : My husband is away a lot with work.
Ww
o>
They only had two shots during the whole match. That be easy when you have three young
kids.
Exercise 2 _ it’s fine. My mother helps me.
POPP
Correct the mistake in each sentence. : The chemicals we use have a very strong smell.
+S
: That must horrible.

1 I’ve been doing these exercises during three years. | usually
really. | mean, it to begin with, but
do them for an hour a day.
you quickly get used to it.
2 From the accident, it has taken a long time to recover my
: The kids just don’t listen.
o1
confidence.
OD
: You must to scream at them sometimes. |

3 I’m studying Chinese six years now, but! can still only have
know | would.
very basic conversations. actually do it. Shouting
A: | do! But obviously|
4 My grandparents have been married since fifty years and doesn’t work.
apparently they’ve never argued once.
5 | banged my head during the game and I’ve been having a
headache since then.

We can also follow must/ can’t with be + -ing to form a present can, be allowed to
continuous meaning, and have been when talking about the We use can or be allowed to + infinitive (without to) to ask
past. about rules, to show there is no rule or to say that a rule says it
They're going to give me a bonus. is OK to do something.
You are-deinguveH must be doing well. Can | use any of the computers in the building?
Beet OR ei ee
Yes, |am. Are we allowed to work from home at all?

We are allowed to start to work late if we then work later in
They were two hours late.
the evening to make up the time.
You were must’ve been annoyed.
Yeah, | was. Really annoyed. Exercise 1
Choose the correct option.
DID YOU KNOW?
1 Sorry, you’re not allowed to / you have to smoke in here.
We sometimes use / bet instead of must / can’t. For example, in
Can you go outside please?
Exercise 1, we could say:
2 Are you allowed to / Are you supposed to wear jeans at
| bet you're exhausted.
work? | don’t really have anything else to wear!
| bet you get quite bored.
3 I’m supposed to /! can carry my ID at all times, but nobody
! bet that isn’t good. ever asks me for it!
4 Do you have to / Can you ask your manager if you want to
Exercise 2
leave the office?
Rewrite these responses using J bet.
5 Weare allowed to / aren’t supposed to come out here on
1 He must've been furious. | bet he the roof of the building, but it’s a really nice place to have a
2 They can’t be making any money. | bet they break!
3 That can’t be very interesting. | bet that 6 You can'’t/ You're not really supposed to eat or drink in the
4 He must be earning good money. | bet he classroom, so please tidy everything up after you finish your
5 She can’t have been feeling well. | bet she coffee.
6 That can’t have been much fun. | bet that 7 We have to/ are allowed to belong to a trade union, but not
7 You must be pleased about that. | bet you many people are members.
8 You must've been driving too fast. | bet you 8 |can’t/ have to start really early some days, but at least /
have to/ I’m allowed to go home early.
TALKING ABOUT RULES
DID YOU KNOW?
must / mustn’t
A more formal word you may see written is permitted.
We sometimes use must(n’t) + infinitive (without to) to show it’s
Smoking is only permitted outside. (= allowed)
essential (not) to do something, especially when you made the
rule and / or have authority. Exercise 2
You must arrive in class on time. | don’t allow any students in
Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar
the class if they are late.
meaning to the first sentence using the word given. Do
You mustn’t use these computers for personal use.
not change the word given. You must use between three
Must(n’t) sounds very strong so we usually replace it with other and five words, including the word given.
structures.
1 You shouldn't really leave before five, but there’s nothing to
have to and be supposed to do now.
We usually use have to + infinitive (without to) instead of must SUPPOSED
as it sounds less direct and rude. We also use it to ask about | Know you before five, but there’s nothing to do
rules. now.
| have to wear a stupid uniform at work. | hate it! 2 We’re not allowed to give out personal details of clients.
Do | have to attend all the staff meetings? PERMITTED
Giving out personal details of clients =.
We also use be supposed to + infinitive (without to) to replace
must, especially where a rule has just been broken or is often
3 You absolutely mustn’t make any noise while the exam is
taking place.
not followed.
HAVE
I’m supposed to be available to cover if anyone is off sick.
We really quiet while the exam is taking place.
Hey, don’t leave your dirty cup in the sink! You’re supposed to
4 There’s a room at the back of the building where you can
wash them yourself.
smoke.
can’t, be not allowed to, be not supposed to ONLY
We usually use can’t or be not allowed to + infinitive (without You’re in the room at the back of the building.
to) instead of mustn’t. They mean it’s not possible to do 5 It’s against company rules to leave your computer on
something. overnight.
We can’t work from home in my company. OFF
You _____ your computer when you go home. It’s a
Sorry, but you’re not allowed to bring dogs in here.
company rule.
We also use be not supposed to + infinitive (without to) to
6 Don’t tell anyone I’m here. | told everyone else I’m working
replace mustn’t, especially where the rule has just been broken
from home.
or is often not followed.
SUPPOSED
You’re not supposed to use this entrance into the building, but working from home, so don’t tell anyone I’m
it’s more convenient. e here.
172
6 If the screen is a bit , then usually it’s slightly
6 BUYING AND SELLING to navigate and it’s not to see all the
icons and everything. (large, easy, difficult)
COMPARISONS 7 Itis lovely, but it’s also way the phone | have at
the moment. (expensive)
Comparative adjectives
8 Personally, I’d rather have a phone that wasn’t
To make comparative adjectives we add -er to adjectives of
and was slightly if it meant | also had a
one syllable.
battery that lasted longer. (thin, heavy, efficient)
Two-syllable adjectives ending in -y change to -ier.
We use more with two or three-syllable words. Exercise 2
A: This one is cheaper. Complete the second sentence with an adjective and
B: Yes, but this one is easier to navigate and the camera is other words so that it has a similar meaning to the first
more powerful. sentence.
Remember that some comparative forms are irregular, e.g. 1 The screen on this one is twice the size of the one you have
good — better, bad — worse. at the moment.
Often we don’t mention both things we are comparing because The screen on this one is twice the one you have
it's obvious. However, when we compare two things in the at the moment.
same sentence, we use than. 2 My old phone was almost double the weight of this new
I'm with Blue. They're cheaper than the other companies. one.
My old phone was almost twice this new one.
Big and small differences
3 My old deal was twice the price of my current one.
To say there’s a big difference, add much, way, far, a lot, quite My old deal was twice my current one.
a lot before the comparative adjective.
4 The connection here is terrible. It’s half the speed of my one
To say there’s a small difference, add a bit, slightly, a little bit. at home.
Negative comparisons The connection here is terrible. It’s twice my one
at home.
To make negative comparisons, we can use not as... as.
It looks nice, but it’s not as fast as the other tablet we looked
5 The business has really grown since last year. We have
at.
three times the work.
The business has really grown since last year. We are three
Their selection isn’t as varied as it used to be in the past.
times
Note that as ... as means two things are equal or the same.
My phone is as good as yours. NOUN PHRASES
We can also use /ess to make negative comparisons before
Compound nouns (noun + noun)
any adjective.
Compound nouns are formed by adding two nouns together.
It looks nice, but it’s less fast. The first noun describes the main noun. The first noun is like an
Their selection is less varied than it used to be in the past. adjective and is not made plural.
twice / three times, etc. a silk scarf / silk scarves (= scarves which are made out of silk)
We sometimes make comparisons using twice / three times / a paperweight / paperweights (= a weight for holding down
half, etc. The two patterns are: paper)
twice as + adjective + as Noun + ’s/s’
twice the + noun + of We use noun + ‘s to show a particular thing belongs to a
It’s not cheap. It’s about twice as expensive as the phone you particular person, animal or organisation. If a particular thing
have now. belongs to more than one person, animal or organisation,
It’s a lot cheaper than the other one we looked at, but then it’s we use noun + s’. We usually use noun + noun to talk about
almost half as powerful. general connections between other things.
Their new place is almost three times the size of their old flat. My wife’s student / my wife’s students gave her a lovely
It is a bit better, but it’s more than twice the price. | don’t think present.
it’s worth it. It's my parents’ wedding anniversary next month. (It’s the
anniversary of both of my parents.)
Exercise 1 The hotel’s restaurant was very good. (The restaurant
Complete the sentences with the correct form of the belonging to one particular hotel.)
adjectives. Then underline the adjectives and the words Hotel restaurants are usually very expensive. (All restaurants
used before them to show the size of the difference. The in different hotels.)
first one is done for you. Adjective order
1 This phone looks much nicer, but the problem is, the battery The most important rule about adjective order is that opinions
doesn't last nearly . (nice, long) go before facts. Nouns always go next to the main noun.
2 These speakers are quite a lot so the sound a horrible yellow tie. (horrible is an opinion)
quality on them is far . (big, good) a yellow silk tie (silk is a noun)
3 This one is a lot , but it’s probably worth it. It’s a lovely big bunch of flowers _ (lovely is more of an opinion
not____#_#§=§=_§_ the other phones, so it’s much ____ to
than big)
Carry. (expensive, heavy, easy)
We usually only use one or two adjectives before a noun. We
4 | know it’s not the other phones on the market,
hardly ever use more than three.
but I’m really into photography, and the camera on this one
takes much quality photos. (cheap, high)
5 To be honest, for me, the brand name is a lot less
the speed it operates at. (important)

Prepositional phrases
We can add information after nouns using phrases beginning 7 EDUCATION
with different prepositions.
We use with to show a feature of the main noun. FUTURE TIME CLAUSES
a tie with a picture / a shirt with horrible buttons / a guy with To specify the time at which a future action will happen, we
black hair
often use a clause starting with a time expression such as the
We use of to explain the specific thing you see on the main following:
noun or what it contains. (right) after the moment
a postcard of the Niagara Falls / a model of the Eiffel Tower / a as soon as until
bottle of water
before when
We use from to show where the main noun was made or where once while
you met a person.
some cheese from Norway/ a shirt from Bolivia / a friend from Present tenses, future meaning
university The verbs in the clauses after the time expressions always
We use for + -ing to show the purpose of the main noun. use a present tense to refer to a future situation or action. This
can be the present simple or the present perfect. The present
a pan for cooking paella / a machine for making coffee
perfect emphasises that the action / situation happened before
We use a variety of different prepositions to show the position the point in the future. Don’t use will or going to.
of an object. I'll tell him the news when he wilttget gets home.
the photos on the shelf / a box under the stairs / the drawer in We'll start cooking as soon as the kids are-geingto-getback
my bedroom
have got back from school.
Exercise 1 We can also begin sentences with the time clauses. It depends
whether we want to emphasise the action or the time the
action will happen at.
1 He said they were made from genuine cow /eather / leather
The moment he comes through the door, I'll tell him to call you.
cows, but they were so cheap, I’m not sure | believe him.
Once I've finished this bit, I'll come and help you with that, OK?
2 | wanted to buy this beautiful Turkish rug / Turkish beautiful
rug, but | couldn't afford it. Exercise 1
3 They bought us some wine from / with their region as a
Rewrite each pair of sentences as one sentence.
present. | didn’t tell them we don’t drink!
1 I’m going to leave school next month. Then | might go away
4 My second wife’s son / son’s wife is pregnant, so I’m going
for a few weeks.
to become a grandfather.
After ca :
5 | bought Real Madrid’s shirt / a Real Madrid shirt for my son.
2 The course finishes soon. Then I'll have to start paying back
6 | bought this huge pan for/ with cooking this rice dish they
all my debts.
make called plov. It was a nightmare to bring it home on the Once |
plane!
3 You’re going to move to Germany soon. Are you going to
7 They sell a lot of plastic tacky toys / tacky plastic toys in the
look for a job there?
market street / street market in the main square.
Are when ?
8 He was wearing a top with / of a picture from / of Mickey
4 | have my final exams soon. I’m not going to go out.
Mouse.
Ea Sunt
Exercise 2 5 I’mina lecture at the moment. It finishes at three. Then I'll
call you back.
Decide which six sentences are incorrect then correct
ae SESS nGht atten = =
them.
6 He’s going to graduate next year. He said he’s immediately
1 | want to get one of those fridge magnets to take home for going to burn all his notes.
my flat. He said he the moment :
2 | need to buy presents for both my sister’s weddings this 7 I\'m waiting to hear from my boss. | promise |’ll call you right
summer! after he calls me, OK?
3 | found this amazing stuff for to keep leather shoes in good |___==—s«you as soon as | ;
condition. 8 | start university in September. I'll need to work part-time to
4 Myson bought me an Italian beautiful silk tie for my birthday. help pay for everything.
5 I’m looking after the house of my parents this week. They’re | start university in September. I’ll need to while |
away on holiday. to help pay for everything.
6 You should buy some cheese of this area to take home with 9 | graduate next spring, but | think I'll need to start looking for
you. a job before then.
7 My girlfriend bought me this awful comedy tie with a cartoon |____s a job before | in the spring.
of Superman in it.
Future possibilities and certainties
8 I need to buy a couple of wool scarves for the winter.
Where the future situation is only a possibility and not a
certainty, we use /f.
I’m not sure I'll have time, but when if I do, I'll do the shopping
later.
If / When I pass, my dad's going to buy me a car. (Both are
possible — it depends how confident you are!)
Give this letter to your mum # when you get home from
school. It’s urgent.
# When | die, my children will get everything | own.
Instead of if, we sometimes use as /ong as.
I'll help you study for your exams as long as you help me
174 improve my English.
Exercise 2 DID YOU KNOW?
Choose the correct option. We only use a comma when the /f-clause comes first.
1 I'll phone you when / if | can’t come to the meeting. You won’t gain the students’ respect if you're not strict.
2 After | will finish / finish my Master’s, I'm going to do a PhD. If you're not strict, you won't gain the students’ respect.
3 I'll phone you when / if | get home.
Exercise 1
4 I’m going to have a holiday once / if my final exams have
finished. | deserve it! Choose the correct option.
5 I’m going to take a nice, long holiday once the course 1 Next time, just ask if you need/ will need to borrow my
finished / has finished. notes.
6 lf you're strict with them, you'll gain their respect — as soon 2 | might/ should skip the lecture tomorrow if |’m still feeling
as / as long as you're fair as well. tired.
7 \’m probably going to Canada to study English before | will 3 I'ma bit stressed because if | fail/ will fail this module, | fail
start / start university. the whole course.
8 I’m going to bed as soon as/ if | get to the hotel. 4 \|usually find if | don’t revise my notes straight after class,
| forget/ will forget most of it.
ZERO AND FIRST CONDITIONALS 5 If you’re finding the course difficult, te/l/ you will tell your
teacher.
Regular situations
6 My tutor’s quite strict if you are not working / might not work
We can use the zero conditional to talk about situations that
hard enough.
regularly happen or rules. The /f-clause and the result clause
7 He’s so annoying. If | tell him to be quiet he always will
are both in a present tense. We can replace /f with when in
ignore / ignores me.
these sentences. There’s no difference in meaning.
8 | got good marks on my coursework so I'll definitely pass if /
regular situation result clause unless | mess up the exam really badly.
(if-clause)
Exercise 2
regular If | try to explain they sit whispering to Decide which six sentences are incorrect then correct
situation something, each other. them.
rule Ifa child skips school — the parents can be 1 If you want to get a good grade, you'll have to work a lot
fined. harder!
2 If he'll find a job, he might move out.
Possible future situations 3 They told us that if he skips any more classes, they’re going
To discuss possible future situations we use /f + a present to ask him to leave the course.
tense. To discuss the results of that situation you can use will or 4 Your students don’t behave better if you don’t set some
going to for results you think are definite and might for results clear rules.
you think are possible. This is called a first conditional. 5 What you will do if you don’t get offered a place ona
Master’s?
possible future result clause 6 | won't can finish this essay by tomorrow unless you give me
situation (if-clause) some peace and quiet!
will/ goingto Iftheydon’taccept /'ll retake /!’m You'll fail the exam if you revise properly.
~—
= definitely me, going to retake the 8 If you won’t have your passport or some other kind of ID,
test. they'll refuse to register you on the course.
might = less If they don’taccept _ / might look for

certain me, another Master's. eV
won’t = If you don’t we won’t accept
definitely not produceadoctor’s any excuses todo GENERALISATIONS AND TEND TO
certificate, with illness. We can show that something is generally true by using tend to,
adverbial phrases or adverbs.
Advice tend to
We can also use a conditional to offer advice about a possible Tend to + infinitive (without to) can be used in different tenses
future situation. as with normal verbs.
| tend to avoid red meat if | can. | tend to mainly eat
possible future result clause
vegetables, rice and fish.
situation (if-clause)
We generally didn’t go out much at night. We tended to eat in
imperative /f they talk, send them to the the hotel.
headteacher. Since | saw that documentary about factory farming, I’ve
tended to avoid eating chicken.
should If you have any you should contact the
problems, student counselling The negative form is normally tend not to. However, don’t tend
service. to is also possible.
| tend not to eat after seven at night.
unless | don’t tend to eat after seven at night.
We use unless to mean ‘if not’. We tended not to eat much meat when | was younger
We won’t accept any excuses to do with illness unless you because it was so expensive.
produce a doctor's certificate.
He'll probably fail, unless he starts studying a bit harder.
Don’t speak unless | tell you to.

Adverbial phrases Exercise 1
We can use the following adverbial phrases to mean generally Choose the correct option.
/ tend to. They go at the beginning of the sentence or clause. 1 I'd love to come tonight, but I’m afraid | have to take an
In general, people here don’t eat much foreign food. important client out to dinner. If it is / was / would be anyone
On the whole, people meet in a restaurant rather than at their else, | cance!/ will cancel/ would cancel! it, but | really can’t.
home. Sorry.
As a rule, we didn’t eat much meat when | was a kid. 2 It’s not really my kind of place, to be honest. Perhaps if| am
Generally speaking, | eat after seven at night. / would be / were a bit younger, | enjoy / might enjoy/ would
be enjoy it, but it’s just a bit too trendy for me now.
Adverbs 3 That sounds horrible! | don’t know what | do / would do / will
You can also use adverbs like usually, generally, normally or do if that happens / would happen / happened to me.
hardly ever/ any. They usually go between the subject and the 4 | would be/am/ will be happy to have the party at our place
verb. if our flat is / were / would be a bit bigger, but it’s just too
| normally stay at home during the week. small for something like this.
People hardly ever kiss in public. 5 It’s a lovely place, but it’s not cheap! | mean, you will only
In negative sentences, they usually come after the auxiliary go / would only go / only go there if you would be / will be /
verb and before the main verb. were earning good money!
| don’t normally eat lunch.
Exercise 2
People don’t generally kiss in public.
Decide which six sentences are incorrect then correct
Exercise 1 them.
Complete the sentences with one word in each space. | will really miss eating fried chicken if | were a vegetarian!
=
Contractions count as one word. You'd be in trouble if you had to use chopsticks all the time!
WN
1 | don’t like cooking, so | to eat out a lot. | wouldn't eat tripe even if you’d pay me!
2 general, the food here is really good. You might lose weight if you didn’t drink so much!
or
3 I don’t eat shellfish, but this is really nice. They would can make more money if they started stocking
4 People here complain if the service is bad. It’s more foreign food.
just that | personally tend ____—~——_ to. 6 If! would be better at cooking, | might invite people round
5 Asa , | eat as healthily as | can, so | for dinner more often.
ever eat fried foods. 7 I'd be happy to pay for dinner sometimes — if you wanted
6 The problem is, most people tend to think about me to!
where meat comes from once it’s packaged, so 8 | would go crazy if| had to go on a diet!
speaking, they don’t worry that much about animal welfare. 9 |wouldn’t ask you if | wouldn’t really need your help.
7 Onthe , food from my country is fairly unhealthy, 10 If 1am you, I'd just do what it tells you to do in the book.
but I still love it.
8 He has a terrible diet. | mean, he eats hardly
vegetables or fruit.
SECOND CONDITIONALS PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE AND PRESENT

We use second conditionals to speculate about situations PERFECT CONTINUOUS
and possible results. They usually have two parts: an /f-clause The present perfect simple (have / has + (not) + past participle)
referring to the situation and a second clause showing results is often used to talk about trends continuing from the past to
or consequences. now. We often use an adverb to say how quickly the change
We use the past simple, past continuous (or could) in the happened, or by how much. We use a time phrase to show the
if-clause. The if-clause refers to a situation in the present or period of time.
future which is impossible to change or is not going to take
place. over the past
The other clause explains the imagined results or few months.
consequences. We use would + infinitive (without to) to show over the last
a definite result, or might + infinitive (without to) to show a
possible result.
dramatically few years.
Either clause can come first. When the /f-clause comes first,
risen sharply over the past
add a comma after it. Unemployment increased alot ten years.
If | ate this kind of thing every day, I’d get really fat! has gone up steadily in recent
If | wasn’t working part-time in the restaurant, | wouldn’t be House prices gone down gradually months.
able to pay my university fees. have dropped slightly in recent
I’d go there more often if it wasn’t so expensive! fallen a bit years.
It'd be better if they served bigger portions. by 15% since last
You're so unadventurous! If you actually tried it, you might like year.
it!
since the last
l’d buy more organic food if it was / were cheaper.
election.
If it wasn’t/ weren’t so expensive, I’d shop there all the time.
DID YOU KNOW?

It is very common in spoken English to say /f// he / she /
it was .... However, some people see this as incorrect and
prefer /f// he/she / it were ....
176
Continuous or simple?
We also use the continuous form (have / has + (not) There (many)more_ cars on the road ifGn before.
+ been +
-ing) to talk about trends continuing from the past to ae
now. The (far) fewer bars in the area in the past.
continuous form can be used to emphasise the duration
of an schools here
activity or the fact that it is regularly repeated. there were.
There (nearly) as
Unemployment has been rising over the last year. aren't many working-class as there used
House prices have been falling steadily. people to be.
The situation has been gradually improving over recent There (much) more : there were
months. ollution
is (far) less P than when | was
We don’t use the continuous form when showing quick car crime a kid.
changes or to say exactly how much. There h investment there were
The price of oil hes-been-increasing has increased isn’t SS IUe He ORT aos 20 years
dramatically. ago.
Inflation has-been-tetting has fallen by 3% this year.
Note that we more commonly start with the present situati
We also use the simple form for finished changes / events on,
that but we can also start with the past.
took place at some point before now.
There were fewer problems in the past than there are
They have built 6,000 new houses in our city in the last now.
two Twenty years ago, parents spent more time with their childre
years. (= already built) n
(than they do now).
I’ve seen one or two places on sale with a discount. (= in
the
past, before now) Comparisons with adjectives
We also compare the past and present using comparative
Exercise 1 adjectives.
Decide if both forms are possible in each sentence. If not, The area is more popular with young people than it used
to
choose the correct option. be.
1 Inflation has been gradually falling / has gradually fallen That part of town used to be much rougher than it is now.
over the last two years. I'm not as fit as | was when I was at university.
2 The population has grown / has been growing dramatically
in recent years. Exercise 1
3 The government has introduced / has been introducing
laws
There is one word missing in each sentence. Add the
in the last year to prevent foreigners buying property and word in the correct place.
leaving it empty. It's far multicultural than it was ten years ago.
=
4 More and more people have been leaving / have left the It wasn’t nice as the last time we went there.
country because of the economic problems.
WD
There aren’t as people living here as when | was a kid.

5S Unemployment has increased/ has been increasing
by 6% There’s less unemployment there used to be.
since the crash.
NOOR
There are more restaurants than were before.

6 Things have improved / have been improving slowly
over The area isn’t as working class as used to be.
the last few years.
7 We have moved / have been moving house three times There isn’t as pollution round here since the government
in tightened the laws.
the last five years.
8 I’ve been under a bit of stress, because /’ve moved / I’ve 8 There didn’t use to be as many shops here as there now.
been moving house recently. Using auxiliary verbs in comparisons
Notice that the second auxiliary verb in comparisons
Exercise 2 might be
different to the first.
Complete the sentences with one word in each space.
The area has more cultural events than it did before.
Sometimes more than one answer is possible.
It’s not as interesting as it was twenty years ago.
1 The crime rate has falling steadily over the last
twenty years. Exercise 2
2 Unemployment has risen sharply Complete the sentences below with these verbs.
the start of the
economic crisis.
3 The birth rate has fallen from 2.4 to 2.1 over the used to be can do did were is
last decade.
4 Inthe last decade, the population has grown It's not as difficult to get round the city as it
5
—
25% to reach 100 million people. 2 There are so many more cars on the street than there
5 Oil prices have dramatically in a few years ago.
months. It was $125 a barrel at the beginning of the 3 | used to work a lot harder than |
year NOW
and now it’s $80. 4 We spend less money at the supermarket than we
6 House prices more or less stayed the same in the past.
the two years. 5 Before they changed the laws, we could work more hours
per week thanwe____—__—srnow.
COMPARING NOW AND THE PAST 6 It never used to be as multicultural asit_
snow.
Comparisons with nouns .
We can use more with any kind of noun.
We use fewer or not as many with plural countable nouns
.
We use /ess or not as much with uncountable nouns
.
We often make comparatives between now and the past
using
the following patterns.

all and every
RU EU We can use ai/ with singular and plural nouns. We usually
determiner such as the, my, your or these with plural n
use every only with singular nouns.
QUANTIFIERS
The party lasted all day and all night. (= the whole day /
We use quantifiers when we want to give information about the
We saw all the sites while we were there.
number or amount of something.
We visited every museum and gallery in the city!
There are no cinemas nearby.
not an no 3 DID YOU KNOW?
z There aren’t any cinemas nearby.
In spoken language, we usually use a /ot in positive sentences
Few / Hardly any locals can afford We generally use much and many in negative sentences or
(very) few to go to the top restaurants. with so (see above). However, in formal or academic writing,
hardly any
(very) | heard it can be dangerous, but much and many are often used in positive sentences.
almost no
little we saw almost no / very little
trouble. Exercise 1
Complete the text with one word in each space.
A lot of us went home, but some /
a few people went on to a club. | live in a fairly small place in Chile, so there’s '
entertainment at night. There are a * bars, but only
! don’t drink much, but | may have
a few one is open late and they don’t play ? music that | like.
some / a little wine at dinner.
a little So*_____——sm weekends, | travel to Santiago where there are a
some There weren’t many people there. 5__soof clubs playing © kinds of music, such as
not much
Some, but | expected more. Salsa, Reggaeton, Pop stuff. Personally, I’m a big fan of electronic
not many
There isn’t much nightlife here. dance music and there’s a growing scene in Santiago. It’s
There are a few places, but there mainly Chilean DJs playing in the clubs, but we get ”
could be more. international DJs coming over and there’s also a big festival
A lot of / many people are living in — Sensation — ® year. I'd like to move to Santiago
soon, because | spend so ° time there, but there are
poverty.
(so) many io __sjobs available at the moment so I'll have to see.
| Apparently, things are expensive
oe (so) much
because there’s a lot of / so much
DID YOU KNOW?
corruption.
When we use nouns with the or pronouns after some
Almost all / Most clubs charge quantifiers, we add of after the quantifier.
you to get in. Hardly any have free some of us, (a) few of them,
almost all
entry. most of the time, many of the best restaurants
almost most
Almost every place we went to
every
had a TV with a fashion channel Exercise 2
on. Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar
The DJ plays all kinds of music. meaning to the first sentence using the word given. Do
all / every Every time | go out someone not change the word given. You must use between three
hassles me! and four words, including the word given.
1 | went to the cinema with several friends last night.
few and many, little and much US
(A) few and many go with plural countable nouns, e.g. people, A______ to the cinema last night.
cinemas, locals, etc. 2 We could hardly move because the place was packed.
(A) little and much go with uncountable nouns, e.g. money, PEOPLE
corruption, poverty, etc. There there, we could hardly move.
3 There won't be anything to eat at the party.
We often use these quantifiers with so. They often link a cause
FOOD
and result.
There'll at the party.
We have so much daylight in the summer that it’s difficult to
4 Crime is almost non-existent, so you can walk safely at night.
sleep sometimes.
VERY
There was no real atmosphere in the place because there
You can walk safely at night as there crime.
were so few people.
5 Alot of restaurants in town have discounts for students.
a few and few, a little and little MANY
A few and a little generally have a more positive meaning than If you’re a student, you can get a discount at
few and little. town’s restaurants.
| had a little break and took a few days off work.
| have little time to myself, so | know few people here. THE FUTURE IN THE PAST
Plans and intentions
no and not
We often use the structure was / were going to + infinitive
We cannot use not directly before a noun — we have to use no
(without to) to talk about things that were planned or intended,
or not any.
but then didn’t happen. To explain why, we often add a clause
| havent have no / don’t have any idea where it is. starting with but.
There erent are no / aren’t any clubs round here. | was going to go swimming after work yesterday, but in the
end | was too tired.
Some friends were going to come for dinner, but they rang to
say they couldn’t make it.
| was just going to go out for a walk when it started pouring
with rain.
178
Promises and predictions
We often use would(n’t) + infinitive (without to) to talk about
promises and predictions in the past — especially ones that
Ue eee
didn’t then happen or come true. We also usually use another
verb in the past simple in the same sentence. PAST ABILITY / OBLIGATION
He promised he wouldn’t be /ate. (but he was late / but he is could
late now) With sense verbs (see, hear, feel, smell, taste), we usually use
(His actual words were probably ‘I won't be late.’) could(n’t) + infinitive (without to) rather than managed to.
! said I’d go with her. (but you didn’t!) We menagedto could hear these little cries coming from
(Your actual words were probably ‘I'll go with you.’) somewhere, but we couldn’t see her anywhere.
The play was better than | thought it would be. When | walked in, | maeRaged-te could immediately smell gas.
(My actual thought was ‘I don’t think it'll be very good.) We also use could to talk about general abilities in the past.
! didn’t think it’d be anything special. (but it was) | could ride a horse by the time | was five.
(My actual thought was ‘I don’t think it will be anything He could make these crazy noises like a dog! It was really
special.’ / ‘It won’t be anything special.) funny.
Exercise 1 couldn’t / could hardly

We use couldn’t or could hardly to show it wasn’t possible to
Complete the exchanges with one word in each space.
do something in a specific situation.
1 A: So did you go and see that film last night?
We couldn’t see her anywhere. (= It wasn’t possible for us to
B: No, | was going ' , but | had an essay to hand see her)
in and it took longer than | thought it 2 , SO by
| chased it for ages, but | just couldn’t catch it. (= It wasn’t
the time I'd finished, it > too late.
possible.)
2 A: What did you do at the weekend?
| was so nervous | could hardly say a word.
B: Nothing much. We ' going to go to the beach,
but the weather was so awful, we just stayed at home. Note that we can also use didn’t manage to or hardly managed
A: | know. It was terrible, wasn't it? It was so annoying, to in these situations. However, these structures are less
because the forecast said it 2 be sunny! commonly used than could / could hardly.
3 A: So how was your holiday? Did you go away anywhere? managed to
B: Bad question, I’m afraid! You see, me and my brother We use managed to + infinitive (without to) — not could — to
'________ going to go to visit our uncle in Spain. He’d show an ability to do something difficult in a specific situation.
promised he ? pay for the flights, but in the end When it came down, | could managed to catch it and put it into
he said he couldn’t afford it, so we just had to 3
a box.
at home instead.
The fire service took ages trying to get the cat out of the tree,
Exercise 2 but they could managed to do it in the end.
Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar | screamed and screamed and eventually | could managed to
meaning to the first sentence using the word given. You attract someone's attention.
must use between three and five words, including the Note how managed to often goes with words and phrases
word given. such as finally, in the end and eventually.
1 A friend rang and said he had tickets for the Slayer concert,
DID YOU KNOW?
which is why | didn’t stay in.
OUT We often use managed to when talking about stupid mistakes.
| was , but a friend gave me a ticket for the | managed to lose my passport somehow.
Slayer concert. We managed to get ripped off everywhere we went.
2 | expected him to be rubbish, but he was actually quite
had to
good.
We use had to + infinitive (without to) — not must — to show we
THOUGHT
felt there was no other choice.
His performance was much better____—————_be.
We had to call the fire services.
3 It’s so sunny! The forecast was for rain.
IT | had to put some fruit and seeds on the ground to tempt it
They said down.
, but it’s turned out really nice.
4 My dad promised to help me later. ! couldn’t see the monkeys so | had to sit on my boyfriend’s
SAID shoulders.
He__ sme later.
5 The government has broken their promise not to raise taxes.
INCREASE
At the election, the government said , but they
have.
6 | feel a bit guilty about not going to the party because |
promised to be there.
DEFINITELY
| told her at the party, so | feel guilty that | haven’t
gone.

Exercise 1 However, we often don’t mention who or what did an action
Complete the sentences with could, couldn’t, managed to because:
or had to. 1 itis not clear or not known.
1 | was cycling along and this dog suddenly chased after me, Oil has been discovered in the north. (= We don’t know
but | just cycle fast enough to escape. who by.)
2 We went on a whale watching trip, but we _______ see 2 itis obvious.
anything because the weather was terrible. Most of the coal is exported. (by the companies who mine it)
3 It was a bit scary camping at night, because you Taxes are not being spent wisely. (by the government)
actually hear wolves howling in the distance!
Exercise 1
4 It gotso dark we hardly see anything. I’m amazed
wes get down the mountain without falling. Choose the correct option.
5 My dog was making such a dreadful noise |____ lock | recently ‘attended/ was attended a conference on how
him inside a room so the neighbours ____ hear. profits from the sale of natural resources can best 7use /
6 There were cockroaches in the house and/]___—————S—SF gett be used for human development. It’s an important question
rid of them, so in the end we call a specialist to because oil and gas have recently *discovered / been
deal with the problem. discovered in many African countries, including Ghana, Uganda
and Kenya. In many sub-Saharan countries, natural resources
7 There were so many people on the train, you __
have ‘managed / been managed very badly for too many
really move, but | actually get a seat in the end. |
years, and people in many resource-rich countries often still
was really lucky.
Sreceive / are received worse educations and health care than
8 The car broke down in the middle of nowhere and |
people in countries without resources.
get it to start, then we wait for ages
Interestingly, | learned that in many countries with lots of
for the breakdown service to come.
natural resources, people °aren’t taxed / don’t tax very much.
As a result, they ’aren’t expected/ don’t expect much from
PASSIVES their governments in return. They pay less and so they have
Passives allow us to emphasise the person or thing an action less reason to worry about how their money ®spends / is spent.
is done to. We make passive sentences with a form of the verb This leaves politicians free to keep the money that has
be + past participle. Passives can be used in different tenses. °earned / been earned by selling the natural resources. Sadly,
if people do complain, the government often uses oil or gas
Present simple
money to ‘pay/ be paid the army to stop any protests.
Most of the coal is exported.
Over 3,000 people are employed in the mine. Exercise 2
Present continuous Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar

More gas than ever is being exported from the country. meaning to the first sentence using the word given. Do
Many people believe that prices are being controlled by the not change the word given. You must use between three
major suppliers. and four words, including the word given.
1 They discovered oil there back in the 1970s.
Past simple WAS
A lot of money was stolen by corrupt politicians. back in the 1970s.
During the civil war thousands of people were killed. 2 The government subsidises petrol prices, which is why they
are so low.
Past continuous
BY
About 80% of the oil was being sold, the rest was being kept.
Petrol is so cheap there because the
The government was worried that diamonds were being government.
exported illegally.
3 There’s a lot of pollution in the rivers because of the mining.
Present perfect simple BADLY
The profits from oil have been invested in health care. The rivers have because of the mining.
Oil has been discovered in the north of the country. 4 The government could do more to stop corruption if it
wanted to.
DONE
DID YOU KNOW?
More _______ stop corruption if the government wanted
We don’t usually make passives in the present perfect
to.
continuous.
5 They are building a new motorway which will destroy the
Modal verbs area.
To make passives after a modal verb, use be + past participle. BUILT
The resources there can now be extracted more easily. The area will be destroyed by this new motorway
Most natural resources will be used up in the next 50 years. 6 They should do more to prevent people cutting down trees
More should be done to help developing countries. illegally.
BEING
by More should be done to prevent illegally.
You can introduce who or what did the action using the word
by after the verb.
The phrase ‘the resource curse’ was first used by the writer
Richard Auty.
180
| wish I'd been a bit stricter with my children. (=| was quite
12 PEOPLE | KNOW indulgent with them and they became spoilt.)
To express regret about things that did happen, but that we
USED TO, WOULD AND PAST SIMPLE didn’t want to happen, use wish + hadn’t + past participle.
| wish | hadn’t eaten so much. (=| ate a lot and now | feel sick.)
Habits and regular events
We can use all three forms: used to + infinitive (without to), Exercise 1
would + infinitive (without to) and the past simple to talk about
habits or regular events in the past. Often these habits / events
no longer happen now. 1 | often wish | had/ hadn’t travelled more when | had the
Would is more common than used to. We often start with used chance, but it’s impossible with the children.
to and then give extra details using would. 2 | wish! had / hadn't gone. It was such a waste of time.
He smoked a pipe. | used to love the smell of the fresh 3 All the flights are really expensive. | wish | had/ hadn’t left it
tobacco. I’d sometimes even open the tin when he wasn’t till the last minute to book them.
there to smell it. 4 | wish | had / hadn’t brought up my children in the country.
We used to live next door to my cousins so we’d spend a lot It’s healthier and they would’ve had more freedom.
of time together. We’d play together most days in the street in | wish | had / hadn't ignored him. He was right.
Oo
front of our block of flats. 6 Thanks. You’ve been really helpful. | wish | had / hadn’t
spoken to you earlier.
Negatives
| really shouted at her and | wish | had / hadn’t now.
~N
All of the following are commonly used by native speakers,
8 | never really pushed my children very hard, but | sometimes
though some people say the last form is incorrect. In exams, it’s
wish | had/ hadn’t. They would’ve thanked me for it.
best to avoid it, but don’t be surprised if you hear or see it used.
My grandparents never used to visit us. We'd always go to
DID YOU KNOW?
their house.
There are other common ways of expressing regret.
My grandparents didn’t use to visit us. We’d always go to their
| really regret not asking for her phone number. (= | wish I'd
house.
asked her for her phone number.)
My grandparents didn’t used to visit us. We’d always go to
It’s a shame | didn’t think of that. (= | wish I'd thought of that.)
their house.
Past state Exercise 2

We talk about past states with the past simple or used to — not Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar
would. meaning to the first sentence.
| loved/ used to love the smell of fresh tobacco. 1 | really regret starting smoking.
He had/ used to have long white hair. | really wish
| belonged/ used to belong to a gym, but | never went, so | 2 | really regret not asking her.
stopped paying in the end. | wish
3 It’s ashame you didn’t tell me.
Single events
| wish ;
We only use the past simple for single events.
4 | regret being so hard on my children.
When he used-te-die died, Gran weuld-meve moved to a town | wish 5
by the seaside.
5 It’s ashame | lost touch with them.
They used-te-get got married and weuld-heve had their first | really wish 3
child a year later. 6 It's ashame | didn’t move when | had the chance.
| wish
Exercise 1
Decide if both forms are possible in each sentence. If not,
choose the correct option. RT eS
A: Arnedo’s a lovely place, isn’t it? How do you know it?
B: Well, my parents ‘used to have / would have a little house THIRD CONDITIONALS
near there. We *would go / went there every summer for a
We use third conditionals to talk about imagined past
month. situations. To form third conditionals, use the past perfect in
: Really? Whereabouts? the if-clause. The other clause shows the possible results or
Orwp
: The house ? was / would be just outside the town. consequences of the if-clause. We use would + have + past
: Lovely. Did you “use to go / go walking round there? participle if the consequence seems definite. We use could (or
: Not really. In fact, we °would never/ never used to do much might) + have + past participle if the consequence seems only
while we were there. We °would go / went swimming in the possible.
river, we went/ used to go for bike rides, but to be honest, Either clause can come first. When the /f-clause comes first,
none of us were into walking. add a comma after it.
A: Oh, OK. So how come your parents ®used to sell / sold the Compare these examples with the real situations given in
house? brackets.
B: Well, as we °would get / got older, we used to complain so If he hadn’t been so determined, Hussain could easily have
much about going they '°would decide / decided to sell it. given up and returned home.
(= He was really determined and so he didn’t give up and go
EXPRESSING REGRET USING WISH home. He continued with his journey.)
We use the past perfect simple (had + past participle) after wish If 'd stayed in Afghanistan, none of this would’ve happened.
to express regret about things in the past. To express regret (= He didn’t stay in Afghanistan. He moved to Australia, where
about things that didn’t happen, but that we wanted to happen, he set up his own business.)
we use wish + had + past participle.

Exercise 1 Exercise 1
Complete the sentences with the correct form of the Complete the sentences using should’ve / shouldn’t have
verbs. and the past participle of the verbs.
1 |_Wsyou last night if | your number. (call, 1 It’s crazy! They so many people onto the ferry.
had) (let)
25 if | she was going to be here. (not/ 2 Look at the traffic! | knew we the train. (take)
come, know) 3 We somewhere else. It was a rip-off. (go)
3 If you your bag in such a stupid place, 4 It’s my own fault. | to overtake on such a tight
|_ Er it. (Not/ leave, not / trip) corner. (try)
4 We lost if the battery on my phone 5 You______——s me you were having difficulties. | could’ve
(not / get, not / die) helped you. (told)
5 There’s no way | my own business if | 6 It’s my fault. | so stupid. (be)
in my own country. It just possible. (set up, stay,
Continuous and passive
not/ be)
We also use should’ve and shouldn’t have with continuous or
6 lIfthere so much traffic on the way to the airport, |
passive forms of the verb.
______ that plane which crashed, and | wouldn’t be here
today! (not / be, catch) You should’ve been working, not surfing the Web. (You weren’t
working when he saw you.)
DID YOU KNOW? They shouldn’t have been arrested for demonstrating against
Although we usually use the past perfect simple in /f-clauses, the government.
we can also use the past perfect continuous (had been + -ing)
Exercise 2
to talk about actions that happened over an extended period
of time. Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar
lf he’d been driving a bit slower, he wouldn’t have crashed. meaning to the first sentence.
(= He was driving really fast and that’s why he crashed.) 1 We didn’t set off early enough.
We might never have met if | hadn’t been working that day. It was silly. We earlier.
(=| was working and on that day, we met.) 2 | wish! hadn't left it till the last minute.
| should till the last minute.
Exercise 2 3 It’s ashame you didn’t come to the party. It was great.
Decide which six sentences are incorrect then correct Yous party. You would’ve enjoyed it
them. 4 Nobody told us about the change until it was too late.
1 If you’d asked me earlier, | could come yesterday, but | didn’t We really about the change sooner.
have time to rearrange my meeting. 5 I’m not surprised you fell over if you were looking behind you.
2 If we would set off at ten instead of eight, we would’ve It’s your own fault you fell. You where you were
missed the rush hour. going!
3 It would’ve been worse if she hadn’t been wearing a 6 If you hadn’t been in such a rush, you wouldn’t have crashed
seatbelt. the car.
4 | don’t know what! would’ve did if | hadn’t come here. It’s your fault you crashed. You_____—_ fast.
5 If it hadn’t been for that long journey, we might never have
6
got to know each other.
If there’d been a traffic jam, | might’ve got there on time.
Pe TOY
We wouldn’t have got lost if we’d given better directions.
|
8 My career would have been ended if| hadn’t had that

ARTICLES
operation. Indefinite articles: a / an
We use a (or an if the following word starts with a vowel):
SHOULD HAVE 1 to say what someone is.
We use should’ve / shouldn’t have + past participle to talk I’m a computer engineer.
about things that went wrong in the past. I'm a programmer.
Should’ve explains good things that people failed to do or It’s strange to think I’m now a grandmother.
were unable to do. Shouldn’t have explains things people did You're an idiot!
which were bad. There is often a present reason for stating 2 before nouns when they are one of several, when it’s
these regrets. not important which one we mean, or when we mention
My mobile’s dead. | should’ve recharged it before | left. something for the first time.
/ overslept. | should’ve set my alarm clock. The feeling of landing a passenger jet safely is incredibly
| shouldn’t have eaten so much earlier. | feel dreadful. exciting. (= It doesn’t matter which passenger jet. All jets are
You can also use never to make a negative. exciting to land.)
| should never have started smoking! Internet speeds and connectivity are still a real issue in
many areas here. (= There are lots of other issues too. This
is one among many.)
DID YOU KNOW?
We prefer to use so instead of very after shouldn’t have. One part of a game was released later than promised.
(= This is the first time this game has been mentioned — and
He shouldn't have been driving so fast.
it doesn’t matter which game.)
| shouldn’t have eaten so much.
Note that we do not use indefinite articles with uncountable
nouns.
I’ve always been interested in big machinery.
Thanks for the information.
He gave me some really useful advice.
182
The definite article: the 7 The man/Aman/ Man who invented Internet/ an Internet/
We use the: the Internet is actually from England/ the England.
1 when we think it’s clear which thing or things we mean. 8 A main thing / Main thing / The main thing | love about
| read all the comments from other gamers. gaming is that it brings people / a people / the people
(= the comments that other gamers make on my YouTube together.
channel) 9 You probably don’t know it, but it was a very popular/ very
2 before some place names. popular/ the very popular game when | was a kid/ the kid /
! read recently about all these organised protests in the
kid.
United States. 10 To tell a truth / truth / the truth, | used to be a bit of a gaming
addict.
It was made in the Philippines.
We're going to the Science Museum tomorrow. Exercise 2
We sailed down the Nile. Decide which six sentences are incorrect then correct
Note, however, that we don’t use any articles before a lot of them.
place names.
1 Very few of the people | know play computer games.
3 in some fixed expressions. Some don’t even have mobiles!
In the end, | stopped gaming. 2 | always hated the Science when | was at school.
By the way, | don’t live in my parents’ basement. 3 | can’t call you at the moment because I’m in the class.
I'm quite happy with what I’ve got for the time being. 4 The copper is an incredibly important metal used in
(= from now to sometime in the future) computer manufacturing.
You just have to learn these expressions one by one, when you 5 It's a shooter game. It’s maybe the best thing I’ve ever
meet them. played in my life.
We don’t usually use any articles: 6 He works for big computer company in Moscow.
1 when we're using plural nouns to talk about things in 7 | bought it when | was in United Arab Emirates for work
general. last year.
| became obsessed with roleplay games. 8 I’ve always loved the gadgets.
It's taking money away from designers and programmers.
2 after a preposition in a lot of expressions with places. INFINITIVE AND -ING FORMS
! started gaming seriously when | was at university. -ing forms as nouns
| almost completely stopped going to class. When we want to use a verb as a subject or object of a
3 when we talk about continents, street names, parks, sentence, we use an -ing form.
universities, restaurants, airports, stations and mountains. Having something like that on your travels has to be good.
Europe, Asia We didn’t do programming in our IT classes at school.
Oxford Street. Fifth Avenue
-ing forms after prepositions
Central Park, Hyde Park
When a verb follows a preposition, we use an -ing form.
Harvard, Beijing University of Technology
What's wrong with using your own voice?
Noma, Central, Pujol
We were all involved in organising the event.
Heathrow, Narita, Schipol
I'm really looking forward to going to the gadget fair in San
Grand Central, Atocha, Victoria
Francisco.
Mount Everest, K2, Table Mountain
4 before the names of academic subjects, holidays, seasons -ing forms as adjectives
or meals. We can use some -ing forms as adjectives.
Law, History, Economics What’s more embarrassing ...
Easter, Eid-al-Adha, Chinese New Year It’s a very exciting development.
Spring, Summer, Autumn, Winter -ing forms and continuous tenses
breakfast, lunch, dinner Remember we also use an -ing form to make continuous
tenses.
Exercise 1
Someone’s following you. (present continuous)
Choose the correct option. ! was talking to him the other day and he said he’d bought a
1 The technology/ Technology / A technology has completely new car. (past continuous)
changed the way people work. Have a rest. You’ve been playing that game for three hours!
2 The technology/ Technology /A technology inside the (present perfect continuous)
camera is really clever.
3 My brother is games designer/ a games designer/ the Infinitive with to for purpose
games designer. We use an infinitive with to to explain the reason or purpose for
4 I've always been interested in the computers / a computer / doing something.
computers. You can use your phone to lock or unlock it from anywhere.
S China/ the China is now the world leader in green | need to go to the bank to sort out a problem.
technology. ! made a recording of my own music to give to friends.
6 I'll call you back later. I’m still at work/ at the work/ at a
work at the moment.

-ing form or infinitive with to? Some adverbs have the same form as an adverb and an
Both -ing forms and infinitive with to can follow verbs with no adjective.
preposition. There are no rules for which form goes after which run fast hit it hard get up early
verbs. It's just the way it is. a fast runner a hard exam an early breakfast
Imagine walking at night. (imagine + -ing form) arrive late take long
It’s an app that allows you to speak in a foreign language. a late arrival a long time
(allow + object + infinitive with to) Words with two adverb forms
Other verbs followed by an -ing form: Some adjectives have two adverb forms, e.g. first/ firstly, hard
be caught can’tstand fancy feel like / hardly, late / lately. Be careful — the two adverb forms often
keep involve mind miss mean quite different things.
recommend risk spend suggest He works hard. (= He works a lot.)
Other verbs followed by an infinitive with to: He hardly sleeps. (= He doesn’t sleep very much.)
agree arrange ask decide | sleep late most weekends. (=| sleep till a late time.)
deserve fail hope intend I’ve been sleeping badly lately. (= |'ve been sleeping badly
recently.)
learn manage persuade _ plan
promise refuse threaten want Position
A lot of adverbs can go in different positions in sentences. Use
Exercise 1 the following as a guide to what is generally correct.
Complete the sentences with the correct form of the Start of a sentence
verbs. Adverbs that show our opinion or attitude about what we’re
1 __SS—s computer games can be very educational. (play) saying in the following part of the sentence usually go at the
2 | was involved in the website at work. (develop) start of a sentence. These adverbs are sometimes called
3 They should invent a robot your pets while adverbs of attitude. They are followed by a comma.
you’re away. (look after) Hopefully, it won’t be more than half an hour.
4 The company finally agreed me a refund for the Fortunately, the hospital didn’t charge us for the treatment.
faulty gadget. (give) Other adverbs like this:
5 The app allows you if any of your friends are Amazingly Apparently Luckily Personally Sadly
nearby. (find out) Unfortunately
6 | can’t stand people with their smartphones while Before the verb
they’re to me. (mess around, talk)
Adverbs describing frequency or how much / how good usually
7 | was thinking of Computer Engineering there, go before the verb.
but | failed the grades | needed. (study, get)
I’ve never had any adverse reactions before.
8 You should get a cover for your phone __it
/ really enjoyed it.
damaged. (prevent, get)
It was badly sprained.
Exercise 2 After the verb
Choose the correct option. Adverbs showing how we did something tend to go after the
My job involves travelling / to travel a lot. verb.
=
Do you fancy going / to go out somewhere this evening? / listened carefully, but | didn’t understand everything.
WN
Sorry. I’ve arranged meeting / to meet a friend. He works very hard.

I'd rather stay in. | don’t feel like going / to go out. Can you speak more slowly?
Our
He played well. He didn’t deserve losing / to lose. End of a sentence

| asked her very politely emailing / to email me a response, Adverbs showing when things happen often go at the end of a
but | still haven’t heard back from her. sentence (or clause).
| avoid talking / to talk to him as much as | can. | haven't been sleeping well lately.
oN
Unless you want to risk losing / to lose your work, you | went to see a specialist a few days ago.
should set your computer to save automatically. | have an appointment tomorrow afternoon.
Exercise 1
PU ee TT Reh Put the adverbs in the most likely place in the sentences.
You may need to change the punctuation.
ADVERBS 1 | need to give you an injection, but you'll feel it. (hardly)
Form 2 He's never had a day off work because of illness in 40
Most adverbs — but not all of them — are formed by adding -/y years. (amazingly)
to an adjective. Adverbs ending with -/y often show the way we 3 | have been very tired. Maybe I’m getting a virus. (lately)
do something, or how much / how good. These adverbs are 4 | was walking, but | still slipped. (quite carefully)
sometimes called adverbs of manner. 5 | broke it so | had to have an operation. (badly, unfortunately)
look carefully walk slowly shout angrily 6 | was lucky | didn’t hurt myself more. (really, seriously)
wait patiently produce it naturally 7 \|wish | didn’t have to get up, but usually | don’t mind.
absolutely fantastic incredibly painful (sometimes, early)
really hurt badly sprain it 8 They can do the operation. You'll only be in the hospital for
Adverbs of frequency don’t usually end in -ly. an afternoon. (these days, very quickly, apparently)
always go often find sometimes wish
never need
184
REPORTED SPEECH : He’s suffering from stress.
o>
When reporting things that have finished or which we believe : Really? That’s strange. He told me he from a
to be untrue now, use past tenses. Reported speech usually heart condition.
moves one tense back from direct speech. 2 A: She's having an operation to sort out the problem.
Present simple B: | thought she said she one already.
+ Past simple
Present continuous + 3 A: He's looking really well, isn’t he?
Past continuous
B: | know. It’s amazing! The doctors told him it
Present perfect simple + Past perfect simple
him years to recover.
Past simple + Past perfect simple
4 A: He’s got his final exams next month.
be going to * was going to B: That’s strange. | thought he saidhe____——— asa
will > would doctor already.
can *» could 5 A: | feel guilty because we didn’t help.
must / have to + hadto B: You shouldn’t. We did offer, but he said he fine.
‘We’ve given him an X-ray and luckily nothing is broken.’ 6 A: | just saw James outside — smoking again!
(present perfect simple, present simple) B: Really? | thought he said he the last time |
They rang and told me they’d given James an X-ray and there spoke to him about it.
was nothing broken. (past perfect simple, past simple)
‘He needs to stay here a bit longer, I’m afraid. He’s waiting Exercise 2
to have a few stitches in the cuts.’ (present simple, present Report the doctor’s questions. If you think more than one
continuous) answer is possible, write both options.
They said he needed to stay there a bit longer, though, as he 1 ‘Has anything like this happened before?’
was waiting to have a few stitches in the cuts. (past simple, She asked me
past continuous) 2 ‘Does it hurt if | press here?’
‘T’'ll take him to the nearest hospital.’ (will) She asked if she pressed on my arm.
The woman driving said she’d take James to the nearest 3 ‘How do you think it happened?’
hospital. (would) She asked me
When what we are reporting is still true, we can use present 4 ‘Are you free to come in again next week?’
and future forms in the normal way because we are talking She asked
from the point of view of now. 5 “How did you manage to do that?’
He said he’s going to have to buy a new bike now. He asked me_____it.
She said she lives in Madrid now. 6 ‘Have you lost weight since the last time | saw you?’
They said they can’t come tomorrow because they're working. He asked weight since the last time
me.
Reporting questions
7 ‘Do you ever have problems sleeping?’
When we report questions, there is no inversion and we don’t He asked me
use do, does or did. As with reported statements, tenses
8 ‘Do you have any other questions you want to ask me?’
usually go back if things have finished or are untrue now.
He asked
‘Where am |? What happened?’ (present simple, past simple)
He kept asking us where he was and what had happened.
(past simple, past perfect simple) CaaS
When we report yes / no questions, we use /f or whether.
‘Have we met somewhere before?’ REPORTING VERBS
He even asked if / whether we had met somewhere before. Verb + clause
Are you happy for me to have a look at it?’ She's just announced (that) they’re splitting up.
She asked if / whether she could have a look at it. The new management claim (that) it’s too expensive to run.
Note that we can say either The doctor asked or The doctor Other verbs like this are: explain, say, state, reply, mention.
asked me. It doesn’t matter if we include the pronoun or not.
Some verbs such as te// and inform need an object.
He told me (that) he’s getting divorced.
DID YOU KNOW?
Time and place words and pronouns often change when we verb + infinitive with to
report things people said. They even promised to expand last year.
‘saw him yesterday.’ No-one offered to help.
She said she’d seen him the day before / the previous day. He’s refused to play in any friendly matches.
‘We can arrange an appointment for you tomorrow.’
Other verbs like this are: agree, ask, threaten, demand.
They said | could come in and see a doctor the next day/ the Some verbs such as advise, encourage, persuade, order, tell
following day.
and warn need an object.
‘Is there a hospital near here?’ | warned him not to do it.
He asked if there was a hospital near there. Apparently, they’ve persuaded him to stay.
Exercise 1 Verb + preposition + -ing

Complete the reported speech sentences below with the He just apologised for causing the government difficulties.
correct form of these verbs. You will need to add modal Not that he’s admitted to doing anything.
verbs in two sentences. Sometimes more than one answer He's been accused of doing all kinds of things.
is possible. Other verbs like this are: complain about, insist on.
These verbs can be followed by a noun instead of an -ing form.
be have qualify stop suffer take They apologised for all the problems we’d had.
! complained about the service at the hotel.

Exercise 1 To add information about things, we use a clause beginning
Choose the correct option. with that or which.
1 The company finally agreed to increase / they increase the She wrote a book that was a huge best-seller.
workers’ wages. It's a government scheme which helps unemployed people.
2 The player was accused to cheat / of cheating to win the To add information about times, we use a clause beginning
match. with when or that.
3 The government is advising the public not to travel/ | remember the day when Princess Diana died very clearly.
travelling because of the bad weather. At the time that he was writing, there was a war going on.
4 The company has stated not to know/ it didn’t know about That’s when | realised I’d made a mistake.
the problem until very recently.
To add information about possessions, we use a clause
5 Apparently, she threatened to tell / she tell the newspaper beginning with whose.
about their affair.
That’s the couple whose child went missing last year.
6 Before the election, the government promised to lower/
He made a film whose main character becomes the US
lowering taxes, but they still haven't.
President by accident.
7 I’m not surprised you're ill. | did warn you not to eat/ not
To add information about places, we use a clause beginning
eating the food at that place!
with where.
8 The police questioned him about the murder, but apparently
That’s the hospital where | was born!
he refused to say / he said anything.
What's the name of that bar where you went for your
Verbs with more than one pattern birthday?
Some verbs have more than one pattern.
The company has warned staff that they may have to reduce DID YOU KNOW?
the number of workers in the factory. (verb + clause) When adding information about places, we can replace where
The police warned people not to gather in the square to with that/ which + preposition.
demonstrate. (verb + infinitive with to) That’s the hospital that/ which | was born in.
The government insisted that its policy would work What's the name of that bar that/ which you went to for your
eventually. (verb + clause) birthday?
After he was arrested, the man insisted on his innocence.
(verb + preposition + noun) Exercise 1
He insisted on paying for everything, even though | offered to Match the beginnings of sentences 1-6 with the pairs of
give him some money. (verb + preposition + -ing) relative clauses a-f.
Did you apply for that job
Exercise 2
OuBhWN=
Did you read about that guy

Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar
What's the name of that company
meaning to the first sentence using the word given. Do
We met that woman
not change the word given. You must use between three
We went to that bar
and five words, including the word given.
He’s the writer
1 He said he was sorry he was late.
APOLOGISED that you recommended. It was really good!
Q
He ________-_late. where all the stars go, but we didn’t see anyone famous!
2 His exact words were, ‘If you tell anyone about this, you’re b which went bankrupt last week?
fired!’ that Maria works for?
THREATENED c whose novel was banned by government.
He__________I told anyone about it. who won the Nobel prize a couple of years ago.
3 She said there was absolutely no way she was signing the d_ that you were telling me about?
contract. which was advertised in the paper yesterday?
REFUSED
e who works with you. I’ve forgotten her name!
She simply the contract.
that you said you’re interested in.
4 She said | would be good and | should apply for the job.
f who they arrested for that big robbery?
ENCOURAGED
that was awarded the Nobel peace prize?
shies ===
= 3 thejon.
5 They warned me not to go out at night on my own. Exercise 2
SHOULDN’T Complete the film review with appropriate relative
They said on my own at night. pronouns.
6 He told me he would definitely pay me tomorrow.
Lorenzo's Ojl is a film ' tells the true story of a
TO
couple 2 child develops medical problems at the age
He ____§+=_=_—_—sw me tomorrow.
of seven. The first doctors 3 see him have no idea
what is causing the problem, but he is eventually diagnosed
DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES with a disease * is called ALD and is incurable. They
We use relative clauses to add information after nouns. We use ask about hospitals ° they are doing research on this
different relative pronouns (who, which, that, etc.) in clauses disease, but they are told it is so rare that no-one will pay the
depending on the nouns we are adding information to or on money © is needed to investigate it. The couple, who
the information that follows. have no medical training, then start to study medical literature
To add information about people, we use a clause beginning to find something ” will help their son. | love this film
with that or who. because at the time ® | saw it, | was also quite ill, and
She’s the woman that spoke to me earlier. it was very uplifting. Like the boy in the film, | eventually got
better.
Roentgen was the scientist who discovered radiation.
186
INFORMATION FIL
Unit 1 page 9 CONVERSATION PRACTICE
ees
Unit 3 page 30 READING

Serres = eS SE OSE NAIR RENT
AE ae anne Soe aes eee S fats oe
As you can probably tell, my initial reaction when |
| guess | go to these places because I’m interested
first read about the phenomenon of disaster tourism
in history. Visiting them reminds you of the power
and experiences was to think these people are mad. | of nature and the value of your life. Many so-called
saw it as holidays in other people's misery. | told myself —
disaster tourists actually have similar motivations,
that there's no way | would be interested in anything
it’s just that the ‘history’ is now. Nicholas Wood of the
like that, but then | started thinking about some of
company Political Tours says:‘We're not for people
the places I've visited over the years, | slowly came to
looking for danger, we're for people who want a deeper
realise that maybe I'm not so different. For instance,
understanding of the world! His company sometimes
I've been to the Hiroshima Peace Memorial Park, which
_ takes clients to scenes of recent conflict to meet local
commemorates the people who died as a result of
people and experts, but may equally help clients
the first nuclear bomb. I’ve visited many castles, like understand the risks of the globalised financial world
the Tower of London, where people were executed.
by touring the City of London and introducing them to
Last year | went to Pompeii, the ancient ruins of a city
decision-makers there.
which was completely destroyed by a volcano in the
first century. While there, | took a photo of a 2,000-year- James Wilcox, whose company does specialise in active
old dead person. OK, | didn’t take a smiling photo of areas of conflict, also argues his ‘disaster’ tours bring
myself in front of it, like the people on the website much-needed money to the places affected and locals
‘Selfies at serious places’ But still, looking at it now, lam welcome them. ‘To be honest, the majority think we're
wondering why | took it and I've come to the conclusion crazy, but the second reaction is they're proud. It’s as if
that perhaps | am a disaster tourist myself. they've almost forgotten they have a lot to offer. They
might be struggling, but other people are willing to take
the risk and travel halfway around the world to visit’
Maybe disaster tourism isn’t such a disaster.
Information files 187

Unit
2 page 21 SPEAKING Unit 6 page53 CONVERSATION PRACTICE
Student A Student A
You bump into someone you knew at school. You You are a customer. Decide:
stop to say ‘hello’ and you are really happy to see
* how much you currently pay for your phone.
them again. When you were at school, you had
difficulties with schoolwork and with other students, - how many text messages you get per month: 200?
but you always liked this person. Now you are very 400? 500?
successful. + how many minutes you get per month: 300? 500?
* Think about what you do now and your situation — 800?
for example, work, family, etc. (This can be true or - Then decide what questions you want to ask
you can invent the information.) about the new phone:
+ Try to keep the conversation going for as long as 7 camera?
you can, even if the other person tries to end it. = battery life?
screen size?
- Offer to meet or take them out somewhere in the
how well does the operating system link with
future — think about where and when.
other devices?
«+ Remember, you don’t want to lose touch again. - how easy is it to navigate?
Unit7 page
63 CONVERSATION PRA
Student A
* You are studying Medicine. It’s a five-year course.
Decide which year you are in.
+ You have an exam on endocrine systems. Use a
dictionary so you can explain it.
+ You are positive about the course, your tutors and
classmates. Think of reasons why.
* You want to become a doctor.
+ You are going to talk to a friend who is studying
Business Management.

Student A
= ee eee SS SS SS SS ee ee ee eee
Hattie gives a score for the effectiveness of each factor. Anything with a negative score has a negative
effect. 0 has no effect. 0.4 is the average positive effect.
Teachers having high levels of subject knowledge Score: 0.09

The level of qualifications that teachers have in their subject doesn’t have very much impact. This may be because
in many classes the level of knowledge the students are learning is quite low, for example primary school maths.
Whats more important is the teacher's ability to be clear, encouraging and good at giving feedback.
Programmes to extend students’ vocabulary score: 0.67

Trying to increase the amount of vocabulary students know seems to work well, especially providing both
definitions and examples of how the words are used. Irs an example of challenging students and helps with several
subjects by improving reading skills.
Setting up schools outside of government control Score: 0.2

Several countries have set up schools (e.g. Charter schools in the USA) which are more independent from
government: they can choose what to teach, which teachers to employ, etc. They get some money from the
government and some from private sources so students don’t have to pay. They do make a difference, but just a
very small one.
188
Unit2 page 21 SPEAKING Unit
6 page 53
Student B Student B
Someone you knew from school stops you outside You are a salesperson in a mobile phone shop. Think
a shopping mall. You hardly recognise them. They about the phone you want to sell.
had struggled at school. They weren't very popular, » Decide the details of the phone:
although you got on quite well. Now they look - camera?
different, are very well dressed and seem to be very - battery life?
successful. - screen size?
+ Think about what your situation is — for example, links with other devices?
work, family, etc. (This can be true or you can user experience?
invent the information.) - What makes it better than other phones?
+ Have a conversation with them for five minutes. - battery?
« You are in a bit of a rush so you will try to end the - price?
2 j 2
conversation — think of a reason. something else?
+ Although you liked them, your life is very busy and + How : many text messages per month you can
you don’t need a new friend. Try to avoid making offer: 200? 400? 500?
any arrangements in the future — think of excuses. + How many minutes per month you can offer: 300?
500? 800?
» What price can you offer?
Un6 it
page 54 READING
Add up your score:

Aanswers=1 B answers =3 ‘C answers =5
14-28 43-56
You really can't stand shopping. Some people might even say You're quite fashion conscious and love shopping. It’s one
you're mean because you never spend money, although you of your main leisure activities and it often cheers you up. You
prefer to say it’s because of political reasons such as protecting probably have a particular obsession — shoes, shirts, DVDs.
the environment. Fashion doesn't interest you and sometimes Although you generally control your spending, from time to time
people say you look scruffy or old-fashioned. You’re only you spend more than you should. Sometimes you buy things
interested in getting the cheapest things available. without thinking and then later realise it was a bad idea.
29-42 57-70
You don’t mind shopping, but you’re quite careful with your _ Your only interest is shopping and fashion and you are out of
money and you often keep an eye out for bargains. You want control! You can’t go shopping without buying something — even
to look good, but you also want clothes to last, so the latest if you don’t need it. You follow all the latest fashions and have
fashions don't interest you so much. There’s more to life than drawers and wardrobes full of clothes you hardly ever wear. Your
shopping. buying habits are getting you into debt. You should get some
help before you end up owing the bank too much money!

Unit 7 page 63
SS a a aA I
Student B
You are studying Business Management. Situation 1
- One of your current modules is Tax and You checked in for a flight and went to have something to eat.
Accounting. Use a dictionary so you can When you went to the departure lounge, there was a queue to
explain it. transfer to the terminal and extra security. When you walked
up to the boarding gate, the airline said it was closed and they
- You're struggling. Think of reasons why.
would charge you for a new ticket.
- The tutors are not so good. Think of
Situation 2
reasons why.
You hired a car. You got a flat tyre and there wasn’t a spare
- You want to get a job in a bank.
one so you called roadside assistance. Just before you took
* You are going to talk to a friend who Is the car back, you filled the tank with the wrong kind of petrol.
studying Medicine. Now the car company wants to charge you for both problems
and you don’t have any insurance.
Situation 3
You reserved a seat on a train to attend an important meeting.
The first train arrived five minutes late so you missed the
connection. The next train was full and you had to stand for
two hours. You arrived at the meeting tired, late and angry
and it went badly. Now you want compensation from the train
operator.
Situation 4
You and a friend hired a car to go to a wedding. Your friend had
been to the place before so said you didn’t need a GPS. You
left the motorway to avoid a traffic jam and then got completely
lost. When you got back on the motorway, you tried to make up
for lost time, but were caught speeding and now you have to
pay a fine. You think your friend should pay it.
Unit
7 page 66 READING
Student B
a SO PEDO
Reducing class sizes by 50% Score: 0.21

Smaller classes are better, but the increase in achievement is very small. Hattie suggests that one reason for this
may be that teachers don't change the way they teach when the class size is reduced.
Provide information on how students will be assessed and feedback on what they did Score: 0.73
This has a very positive effect. Hattie says it is because students will often try harder when it is clear how they can
get a higher grade. If the teacher then shows the next steps to improve, this is more encouraging than saying just
‘well done’.
Talking about students’ expectations Score: 1.44

This had the highest effect in Hattie’s study, When you ask students to grade themselves or to predict their grades
in exams (sometimes called ‘self-report grades’), they are often very accurate. Hattie suggests this is because they
have learnt what level they are by what teachers say or how they are grouped in class. By asking students, teachers
understand their expectations better, and can then challenge their students and show them how to exceed these
expectations.
190
Unit 7 page66 READING:
Student C
SSS a aa SEY
Practising what you have learnt over time Score: 0.71

Sometimes people learn something then immediately practise it. They might do several practice activities in
the same short space of time. However, the evidence from Hattie’ research is that it is much better to do some
learning, then leave it; practise a day or so later, then leave it; then practise again a week later, etc. This is
called ‘Spaced Practice’.
Doing homework Score: 0.29

Students everywhere might be happy to hear that homework isn’t very effective. However, Hattie says it
depends at what age and what kind. In primary school, it has no effect at all (nearly 0). In secondary school,
the elfect is higher (nearer 0.4), especially if it is a simple, short practice of what has been learnt (see practice
over time). He doesn’t recommend not giving it!
Summer holidays Score: -0.09

There are complaints that long summer holidays are bad for student achievement, and unfortunately if you
are a student or teacher it is true! However, the negative effect is very small so maybe there are other things we
should worry about first!
t 70 VOCABULARY
8 page
Uni
olives oysters raisins squid prawns
trifle tripe blue cheese radishes

Student B
YA-WEN (Taiwanese)
I work for a big accounting firm and they transferred me
to the States a couple of years ago. It's been quite a shock!
For one thing, the portions here tend to be enormous. You
see people with steaks the size of their plate — and they eat
it all! Its really off-putting. Even worse is steak with blue
cheese sauce. I can’t stand the way it smells! Why would
you put something which is basically mouldy cow fat in
your mouth? And it’s served with French fries all the time!
| really miss having rice with my meals.
Of course there’s good food here too. To begin with, there
are some good Taiwanese restaurants here! There are
also lots of amazing health food shops. I've also got some
friends who are great cooks and they often have me round
for dinner, Back home, we tend to meet in restaurants, so
its a lovely thing to do.
One last thing that 1 sometimes find frustrating is the way
people usually order things individually for themselves.
Sometimes you choose something which doesn’t turn out
to be that nice and the food goes to waste. It would be
better if people shared more. That way, everyone would get
something they like.
ALAN (Scottish)
One of the first things | saw when I came to Valencia to
teach English was people pouring oil on their bread. 1
thought it was really weird, but then 1 tried it and I quite
like it now. Its not so different to spreading butter on bread.
In general, there's a lot more good food here and people
tend to buy fresh food every day and cook, rather than
buying lots of ready meals from the supermarket. Eating
out is also good. | always enjoy ordering tapas — lots of
little dishes that you share.
Having said that, its not very good if you're a vegetarian.
A friend of mine came over and they were always giving
him ‘vegetable’ dishes with bits of ham or sausage in them,
Its quite strange — they don't seem to think of ham as
meat! The other thing is, its difficult to get food which isn't
Spanish — maybe because there’ a lot of regional variation.
I love curry, but there are hardly any Indian restaurants
here and the curry is never spicy enough!
One last thing that I’m still not used to is having dinner
so late. When we eat out, we sometimes don’t get to the
restaurant until around eleven, and I’m usually starving
by then!
192
Unit 11 page 97 SPEAKING
eer bear
dolphin a cockroach deer oO whale
snake scorpion rat

AUDIO SCRIPTS
UNIT1 Ea TRACKS 2& 3
Do you know it?
OupWN =
Ei TRACK 1 Did you enjoy it?
Have you studied here before?
1
Where are you based?
A = Alfie, H = Holly What are you doing there? Are you working?
A: Hi. Nice to meet you. I’m Alfie. How long have you been learning French?
H: Hey. Holly. How’s it going?
A: Yeah, OK, thanks. I’m a bit nervous though, to be honest. TRACK 4
@
H: Yeah? Why?
A: | don’t know. You know ... first class. New people.
PWorpDre
: What are you studying?
H: Yeah, | remember that feeling. Don’t worry. You'll be fine. It'll
: Media studies.
be fun.
: Oh right. What does that involve? I’ve never heard of that
A: So have you studied here before?
subject.
H: Yeah, last term.
: Really? It’s quite popular here. You study everything about
ow
A: Oh really? OK. And did you enjoy it? TV, newspapers and advertising. Some of it’s practical and
H: Yeah, it was amazing. Our teacher was brilliant. Really great. some of it is more theoretical, almost like philosophy. It’s
So patient and helpful, you know. So, what about you? How really interesting.
long’ve you been learning French?
A: For about three years now, | guess, but just on my own at
DVUODVAY
: Have you studied here before?

home, using the Internet.
: No, never.
H: Yeah? Have you learned much?
A: Well, my reading has improved and I’ve learned quite a lot of : How long have you been studying English?
vocabulary, but | really need to practise my speaking more, : For about five years now, but only for two hours a week.
you know. That’s why I’m here. What about you? Why are
m7mMme
you learning?
What do you do when you’re not studying?
H: Well, I’d like to be a translator and French is an official EU
| love movies and reading and I'm really into music. | play
language and UN language, so ... you know.
the guitar in a band.
A: Wow! OK.
Oh really? What kind of music are you into?
2 Garage, punk and rock’n’roll.
N = Noah, G = Giuliana
N: So what did you make of that session? : Do you have any brothers or sisters?
G: Oh, um. Well, it was ... um ... different, wasn’t it? : Yeah, I’ve got one older sister.
N: I’m glad I’m not the only person that didn’t really enjoy it. : Do you get on with her OK?
G: So, what’s your name, then? Where are you based? : Yeah, really well. We’re very close.
N: Oh, I’m Noah.
G: Giuliana. Hi.
What did you do at the weekend?
N: Hey. And I’m originally from Canada, from Halifax, but I’m
Nothing much. | went shopping on Saturday, but that’s all.
working in Santiago now.
Oh right. Did you get anything nice?
G: Oh really? Nice. How long have you been there?
Yeah, | did actually. | got this really nice jacket in the market.
N: A couple of years now. Do you know it? Have you been
there?
G: Yeah, loads of times. I’m from Mendoza, just the other side : What do you do?
of the mountains. We can drive there in five or six hours. I’m a computer programmer.
Great city. : Oh yeah? Who do you work for?
N: | like it, yes. A small educational technology company in the centre of
G: What are you doing there? Are you working? town.
N: Yeah. I’m a researcher — attached to the university there. I’m
doing work on climate change.
G: Wow, interesting. And are you presenting at the conference?
N: Yeah. | was on yesterday, actually. What about you?
G: No, goodness! The whole idea really scares me. | don’t think
| could do it. I’m happy just attending and going to the talks.
194
Ea TRACK 5
UNIT2
1
| was in town and | was walking down the main street and two EA TRACK 8
Chinese guys came up to me and stopped me. They showed
1
me a business card and pointed at a map on their phone.
They just said, ‘Donde, donde? Where, where?’ So | said in R = Ryan, C = Clara
Chinese, ‘I don’t know. They first looked really surprised and : Hey, Clara!
oO 7D
then they started talking really fast, you know, and | didn’t catch : What is it, Ryan?
DOWD
anything at all! | asked them to slow down, and then, with a
: Have you seen Karim this week?
mixture of my bad Chinese and gesture, | explained they had
: Yeah, | saw him yesterday. Why?
put the wrong postcode in the phone and they needed to go
to another part of the city. | was quite proud of myself. After Is he OK? | haven’t spoken to him for a while, but the jast
three years of study, it was actually the first time I’d spoken to time | saw him he seemed a bit down.
anyone Chinese outside of my class and it really motivated me. : Hmm, | know. | think it’s his mum. Apparently, she’s quite ill
OQ
Since then I’ve found someone to practise with. and he’s just very worried about her.
: Oh no! That sounds like a nightmare. What’s wrong with
2 her? Is it very serious?
I'm Brazilian so | speak Portuguese, but | speak German at : | think it must be. He was quite upset when | spoke to him
home. People are interested when they find out, but they’re
and he didn’t want to say much.
amazed when | say my parents are from Russia and Turkey!
Oh dear. That’s awful. | feel a bit guilty now that | haven't
They say, ‘Wow! How's that?’ Well, they first met when they
rung him — | had a feeling something was wrong.
were both working on a cruise ship. He worked in the engine
room and she was a cabin cleaner. The ship’s crew had a kind : Why?
AO
of party each week and they met there. My mum said Dad : Well, | met him outside the university with Chris. Chris and |
was a really good dancer, which | find very difficult to believe. were chatting, but Karim didn’t say much. In fact, he hardly
Anyway, neither spoke each other's language, but my mum had said anything at all.
worked in Germany before and Dad knew German from school, : Really?
ODO
so that’s how they communicated. They chose to settie in Rio : And Karim is normally really chatty.
because the cruises usually stopped here and when they were : | know. Well, he probably isn’t in the mood to talk to anyone
married they often had a short holiday here. They also said it at the moment.
saved them arguing about whose country to live in. : Oh dear. Well, if you see him, tell him I’m thinking of him. Say
A
3 ‘hello’ to him from me.

I'm a sound engineer on a National Geographic show called : Sure.
oO
Beast Hunter. We go all over the place in search of unusual

wild animals and we often need the support of local people to
DrPomormarnonwnr
act as guides or cooks for the film crew. | always try to learn = Belinda, A = Alisha
a bit of their language to, you know, just connect somehow. : Hello Alisha! How's it going?
Anyway, last year we were filming in Sumatra in the middle of : Great actually, Belinda. I’ve just finished all my exams!
a forest, looking for orangutans. And one time, at dinner, | was : That must be a relief. How did they go?
talking to the guide and | tried to ask about ‘the people of the : Quite well, | think. | was really pleased with how | did.
inner forest’, but apparently | asked about ‘people with tasty
: That’s great.
insides’. | thought the guide looked a bit worried and then later
: Are you all right? You look as if you need cheering up.
| found out that the presenter of the programme had previously
tried to thank him for the meal and instead of saying the food’s : Yeah, sorry. I’m just a bit fed up with the situation with my
really delicious, had said ‘I’m eating a child!’ Who knows what accommodation.
they thought of us! : Oh dear. What’s the problem?
>
: Oh, I’ve just found out | can’t continue to stay where | am at

OD
Ea TRACKS 6&7 the moment.

He was travelling around Europe by train. : What a pain! How come?
@ p>
ONOoBRWHDHY=
people were getting off the train : Basically, | need to find something else and, to be honest, |
when he was leaving the station just don’t need the stress.
because he’d left his bag on the train : |}can imagine. Can | do anything to help?
POPraAarwDArNwALY
but it had gone : No, it’s OK. I’m sure it'll sort itself out, but thanks.
and was sitting there crying : Well, at least let me buy you a drink.
what had happened : OK. That’d be nice.
he was still living with his family, you see : What would you like?
: A cappuccino would be good.
: Anything else? A bit of cake? Go on. It'll cheer you up.
: Well, | have to say that chocolate cake looks nice.
: | think I'll join you — to celebrate finishing my exams.
Audio scripts 195

Ea TRACK 9 R: Really? You must be exhausted.
C: Yeah. But it’s fun and I’m learning a lot and the money's not
bad either, so | can’t complain.
DWKRe
: |can’t drink at the moment. I’m pregnant. R: And are you still with your boyfriend? What was his name?
: Really? Congratulations! When’s is the baby due? C: Cass? Yeah, we’re engaged now, actually. We’re getting
married in the summer.
WERENYM
: I’m going to Canada to study English. R: Really? Wow! Congratulations! That's great.
: Wow! That’s great! How long are you going for? C: Thanks. Anyway, enough about me. How are you? What are
you doing these days?
R: Me? Oh, you know ... nothing much, actually. | mean, I’m not
OPW
: I'm afraid | can’t meet you tonight.

really working or anything. I’m just kind of taking my time,
: Oh, what a shame! Are you sure? thinking about what | want to do, you know.
C: OK. And are you still living at home?
wrprr
: My brother’s not very well. R: Yeah. Yeah, | am. | can’t really afford a place of my own at
: Oh no! I’m really sorry. | hope it’s not too serious. the moment.
: Right. How’s your mum? Is she OK?
AO
: She’s fine, yeah. She’s away at the moment, actually. She's
Drnaworeuonr
: I’ve lost my wallet.

staying with her brother on the coast.
: Oh no! What a pain! Did it have much in it? : Oh, nice.
AQ
: She remembers you, you know. She still talks about you
: ’'ve found my wallet! from time to time.
: Phew, that’s a relief! Where was it? : That’s nice to know. Say ‘hello’ to her from me.
DAowvn
: | will, yeah. Anyway, it’s good to see you again.
Ea TRACK 10 : Yeah, you too. We must meet again sometime.
Having seen his Free Hugs campaign attract the attention : Yeah, let’s. Listen, what are you doing this Saturday? Do you
of the world’s media, Juan Mann wrote a book called The want to meet for lunch or something?
illustrated Guide to Free Hugs, became a well-known public : Oh, I'd love to, but | train on Saturdays. I’m doing the
O
speaker and published his mobile number online, offering marathon next month.
to go out for dinner with anyone who contacted him. In the : Rather you than me!
ODD
meantime, however, his then-friend Shimon Moore, who had

: Oh, | love running — I’m really looking forward to it.
initially posted the video on YouTube, found his band was
getting offered record deals. They moved to Los Angeles and : | have to say, that’s my idea of hell! But still, good luck with it.
OD
started selling Free Hugs goods at concerts. And that’s where : Thanks.
it all went wrong.
TRACK 12
By 2010, the pair had fallen out, with Mann claiming that he
hadn’t earned any money at all from the sales. He now leads How’s your course going?
ee
a quiet life well away from the public eye, while Moore is I’m finding it a lot harder than before.
still promoting the Free Hugs ‘brand’, and what a brand it’s Is she still studying?
become: there’s now an annual international Free Hugs Day; She’s doing a Master's.
Free Hugs have been used to raise awareness of HIV and AIDS
a
Is it still raining outside?

in some countries, while in others the movement is viewed with
en
It’s pouring down.

suspicion and huggers have been arrested.
I’m meeting an old friend of mine for dinner.
Even though its founder is no longer actively involved, it seems
Why’s he shouting at everyone like that?
oe
that, in the end, free hugs are about more than Juan Mann!
Ea TRACK 11
REVIEW 1
R = Robin, C = Carla
R: Carla! Hey! Fancy seeing you here. Ea TRACK 13
: Um... sorry, but do | know you?
You look as if you need to go to bed.
ORDO
oOoBbWN =
: It’s me, Robin. From school?

What are you doing after the class? Do you fancy a coffee?
: Robin! Wow! WOW! Sorry. | just didn’t recognise you. You
We're going out for dinner later. Do you want to join us?
look so ... different.
We met when we were working at the same law firm.
R: Oh, um, yeah. | guess. Anyway, how are you? You're looking
really well. Sorry, what did you say? | didn’t hear.
C: Thanks. I’m fine, yeah. I’m good. I'd forgotten to put it in my diary.
R: What are you doing here?
C: Oh, | work quite near here. I’m just on my lunch break,
actually.
UNIT 3
R: Oh really? Where do you work?
C: Just round the corner actually. | do sales and marketing for a EA TRACK 14
film company. it’s about ten miles out of town
=
R: That’s amazing. I’m really pleased for you. You sound like you can walk along the walls
WHN
you’re doing really well.

Om
it’s in the financial district

C: Thanks. I’m enjoying it. It’s hard work, though. | mean, we’re it’s down by the beach
setting up a new website at the moment, so I’m working it’s further along the coast
really long hours. I’m not finishing till nine most days.
you find them all over this area
196
Ea TRACK 15 Ea TRACK 17
C = Claire, R = Receptionist 1
C: Hello there. | wonder if you can help me. I’m thinking of In July and August it’s boiling hot here. The temperature
going sightseeing today. Can you recommend anywhere regularly rises to above 40 degrees and sometimes even
good to go? reaches 50, so we often try to get away. We went to Malaysia
R: Well, it depends on what you like. There are lots of places to last year. This year we’re going to Salalah. The weather is
choose from. What kinds of things are you interested in? wonderful then — light rain most days, cloud from the sea and
: | don’t know. Um, something cultural? cool, it’s never much more than 25 degrees. At night we can
oO
R: Oh, right. OK. Well, quite close to here is St Mary’s Church. even say it’s chilly. Wonderful. Such a relief to escape the heat.
It's Krak6w’s most famous church — and very beautifully We're staying in a five-star hotel, of course. This is important for
decorated. You can walk there in five or ten minutes. my family because my mother and sisters spend a lot of time
in and around the hotel. But my father and I, we love driving
: OK. I’m not really a big fan of churches, to be honest.
oO
off-road — four by four. At home we drive in the desert, but the

R: That's OK, | understand. Of course, the most visited place
countryside in south Oman is mountainous and so green. It
near here is Auschwitz. There's a day tour leaving soon.
offers something different. So we'll probably hire a car to do
: Actually, we’re planning on going there later in the week. off-road.
oO
R: Weil, in that case, you could try Kazimierz, the old Jewish
Quarter, where Steven Spielberg filmed some of Schindler’s 2
List. It’s actually quite a lively area now. There are lots of The summer's a busy time of year. | work from May through to
good bars and restaurants round there. September and this year | have to work long hours in July and
: Oh, so that might be nice for this evening, then. August. When the season ends, | might take a short holiday, but
AO
: Yes, maybe. Let me know if you want more information if | do, I'll probably just go and visit a friend in Lyon. Basically,
I'm saving money because I’m going to travel round Vietnam
about places to eat or drink there. Erm, then if you’d prefer
something a bit different, how about a guided tour of Nowa later in the year. I’ve heard it’s best to visit after October
because it’s still warm but not so humid. Not that the weather
Huta, the old communist district? They'll show you what life
was like in the old days there. is so important. What’s important to me is the experience of
travel. | went to Morocco last year and | was in the desert near
: Oh, that sounds interesting. How much is that?
these ancient ruins. | was in a small hoste! and it was freezing
AOoODO
: About €40. | can call and book a place for you if you want.
at night, but the people and place, the experience — it was
: What times does that leave? fantastic.
: Every two hours from outside the hotel and the tours last
around 90 minutes. They leave at 10 o'clock, 12 o’clock,
3
2 o'clock and 4 o'clock. We've decided we're not going to go on holiday this year.
C: OK, that’s great. Can you book me onto the 2 o’clock tour? We're just going to stay at home. Last year’s holiday was
such a nightmare. We rented a small cottage near the beach
Then | can do some shopping in the main square in town
beforehand. in Cornwall, but it poured with rain most of the time and the
kids complained so much. ‘Ooh, there’s nothing to do,’ ‘Aargh!
R: Sure.
My phone's got no signal!’ Constant. And it wasn’t cheap.
So, this year, instead of spending the money on travel and
Ea TRACK 16
accommodation, we're going to spend it on doing nice things
here. So, we’re thinking of going to a show or two, we might
A: I’m thinking of doing some shopping today. Can you visit Buckingham Palace and the British Museum, which,
recommend anywhere? believe it or not, I've never been to! Maybe a boat trip down
B: Well, you could try Oxford Street. There are lots of big the river, and also just relax at home in the garden for a change
department stores there. as well. And the kids want to go paintballing with some friends.
And then there are all the great restaurants here. We’re going
: To be honest, I’m not really a big fan of department stores.
>
to eat out every night. | don’t know why we haven't done it

: Oh, OK. Well, in that case, how about Portobello Road? It’s a
oO
before.
big street market. You can find lots of bargains there.
A: Oh, that sounds great. | love that kind of thing. Is it easy to
get to?
B: Yes, very. I'll show you on the map.
UNIT4
EA TRACK 18
bh
C: I'm thinking of doing some sightseeing today. Can you

recommend anywhere? 1
D: Well, you could try the local museum. That’s quite close to A = Alan, B = Brenda
here. They've got lots of interesting things in there.
A: So what did you do last night Brenda? Anything interesting?
C: Right. I’m not really into museums, to be honest.
B: Yeah, | went to the theatre, actually, and saw this amazing
D: That’s OK. In that case, how about going to the Roman ruins play.
down by the lake? There are also some nice cafés and you
: Oh really? Which one?
can swim there.
or>rwp
: It's called Routes. Have you seen it?

C: Oh, that sounds better. Are they expensive to get into?
: | don’t think so. What was it like?
D: No, it’s quite cheap. It should only be about $10.
: Oh, it was great. A bit depressing, but really interesting.
| enjoyed it.
: So, do you go to the theatre a lot, then?
>POoOpD
: Yeah, quite a lot, | guess. Maybe two or three times a month.

: Wow! That’s impressive. | hardly ever go. | can’t even
remember the last time | went!
Audio scripts 197

2 : Well, in my other life, away from selling books, | do judo anc
last week | was in a competition on TV. That guy recognisec
Cc = Charlotte, D = Domi
me from there.
ec Did you have a good weekend Domi?
Seriously? That’s amazing!
D: Yeah, it was great. | went sailing with some friends. We went
: Oh, it’s no big deal. | didn’t win it or anything. | lost in the
along the coast as far as Guernsey and then came back.
semi-finals.
And it was boiling as well, so | got a bit of a suntan.
: You got to the semi-finals! | can’t believe it! | mean, no
: Wow! | didn’t know you sailed. How often do you do that?
offence, but you don’t look big enough to fight.
: Not as much as | used to, to be honest. When | was living in
0
: Well, you fight according to your weight in judo, so

Brittany, | went all the time, but | don’t often get the chance
size doesn’t matter. Although being big isn’t always an
now. That’s kind of what made it really special, you know.
advantage. It’s more about balance. Someone can be big
: Yeah. and strong, but if they’re off-balance, you can easily throw
Oagon
: Have you ever been? them. | bet | could throw you over!
: No, never, but I'd love to. It looks amazing. Hey, | believe you! So how long have you been doing it,
: Well, next time we go, I'll let you know. then?
: Ever since | was a kid. At school, the big kids often used to
wo
bully me because | was so small and | got into fights, so my

= Evan, F = Frank dad suggested | did a martial art to defend myself and that
TMM
Are you OK, Frank? You look a bit tired. was it, really.
| know. | didn’t go to bed until two thirty. Well, you’ve kept very quiet about it. | mean, how long have |
Really? Why? known you now? Six years?
mm
Oh, some friends of mine came over and we sat up late : Yeah, well, | don’t really feel like it’s connected to what | do
playing cards and talking and stuff. at work and, | don’t know, I think it’s strange for me to just
Oh really? | play cards sometimes too. Are you any good? tell colleagues I’m a judo champion for no reason.
m
Yeah, I’m OK. | mean, I’m not a professional or anything, but | | guess. So, how often do you have to train?
—
enjoy it. Well, | usually practise all the techniques for at least an
Do you ever play poker? hour a day once | get home in the evening, and then two or
Yeah, quite often, actually. It’s my dad’s favourite game, so three times a week | go to a special judo school to practise
we play together when we meet. fighting.
OK. That’s nice. Well, maybe we could play together Wow! And this competition the other week ... what was it
sometime. exactly? Was it a big thing?
: Um, yeah ... it was the women’s national finals!
Ea TRACK 19 No! And you got to the semi-finals!
: Yeah! I’ve actually won it before so I’m a bit annoyed | didn’t
1
win it this time, but | had quite a bad back injury last year,
A: So do you go the theatre a lot, then?
which stopped me doing any training or fighting.
B: Yeah, quite a lot, | guess. Maybe two or three times a month.
Really? How long were you out of action?
: Well, | didn’t do anything for a couple of months and | only
OON
: | didn’t know you sailed. How often do you do that? started full training a few weeks before the finals.
: Not as much as | used to, to be honest. When | was living in OK. Well, it sounds as if you did well to get to the semi-finals
Brittany, | went all the time, but | don’t often get the chance then.
now. R: | guess. And the girl who beat me went on to win the whole
thing, so ... still, | hate losing!
Of ©
I:
Amazing. You learn something new every day!
Do you ever play poker?
1
Yeah, quite often, actually. fi TRACK 22

Ea TRACK 20 How long has he been driving?
=
How long have you been doing that?

Do you go swimming a lot?
oar
WN
OnNonhWNDN=
How long did you play for?

Do you eat out a lot?
How long was he injured?
So do you read much?
How long did you warm up for?
Do you go to the cinema much?
How long have they been married?
How often do you play games on the computer?
How long has she been learning?
So how often do you go to the gym?
Onr
How long have you been waiting?

Do you ever try to read in English?
Do you ever watch your favourite team play? Ea TRACK 23
Ea TRACK 21 Do you listen to music much?
OD
: Yeah, all the time.

D> OPAPP
= Ian, R = Rika : What kind of music are you into?

What happened there, Rika? Did you just sign that guy’s All sorts, really, but mainly pop music and R&B.
book?
: Oh right. Anyone in particular?
R: You saw that?
Erm, | don’t know ... Girls Rock, Soul Train, stuff like that.
Yeah! It was like you were famous or something.
: So, have you heard anything good recently?
That’s because, er ... | don’t know. | guess | am, kind of — if
: Well, | downloaded this great song by K Boy. It’s fantastic.
you're a judo fan.
: What?
198
REVIEW2 : How long were you there?
Just over a year and a half!
: That’s terrible.
Ei TRACK 24 Yeah, but you know, it happens quite a lot. Anyway, now I’m
preparing for government exams, so | can get a civil service
How long have you been doing that?
=
job. It's much more secure. It’s almost a job for life.
I'll probably just stay in and have an early night.
: Really? That must be very competitive if other jobs are so
WN
| might go to a friend’s house and play cards.

insecure and badly paid.
Not as much as | should, to be honest.
Yeah, it is. | think there were a thousand people applying for
How long has he been injured? ten jobs last time.
Ou
No never, but I’d love to. A: Gosh. Well, good luck.
Ea TRACK 26
That must be quite demanding.
=
That must be great.
Ei TRACK 25
AWN
You can’t find that very easy.
I= Ivan, A = Amanda She must earn a fortune.
So what do you do, Amanda? That must be really rewarding.
OW
That can’t be much fun.
: | work for a mobile phone company.
That must be a worry.
>>
Oh yeah? Doing what?
ON
: | work in the design department. I’m involved in designing You must be doing well.
what you see on the screen of the phone. You know, all the
graphics and icons.
Ea TRACK 27
Oh right. Sounds interesting. How did you get into that? A
: Well, | studied graphic design. After | graduated, | worked
D = Dom, L = Laura
for a company that designed websites. Then one day | saw
D: Did you hear about Patrick?
Vodafone were recruiting people so | applied and | got a job.
They gave me some training and | just got into it that way. No. What?
oT
: Apparently, he’s been given a written warning.

OK. So how long have you been working there?
: It must be seven years now. Wait! No, eight! | was 25 when | You’re joking! What for?
OF
joined, so yeah, eight years. Time goes so fast! : He was going on the Internet to buy concert tickets and
You must enjoy it. book holidays. And he was always sending personal emails.
: Yeah, | do generally. It's quite varied because they’re L: Yeah? So what? Doesn’t everyone do that? | mean, we’re
constantly changing the phones and designs, and of course certainly allowed to do it in our breaks.
it's quite a creative job, which is nice. But, you know, it’s like : Well, apparently, you're not allowed to use the company
any job. It has its boring moments and the hours can be quite computers like that at all. Not in his company, anyway.
long. That’s a bit unfair, isn’t it?
Really? How long? : You say that, but actually what happened to him was he
: Well, it depends if we have a deadline to meet, but sometimes visited some site or other and somehow got a computer
| do something like fifty or sixty hours a week. virus and then it infected the whole system. He said the
Really? That can’t be easy. company had to spend a fortune sorting it all out.
: It's actually fine. | mean, it is a bit stressful sometimes, but you Oh right. Well, in that case, | can see why they might be a bit
get used to it. In fact, | sometimes need that stress to work angry, then!
well, you know. | sometimes work better under pressure.
Really? | can’t work like that.
= Francesca, J = Jade
A
: So what do you do?

Are you thinking of buying that?
Oh, nothing! At the moment, I’m just studying.
MSa
Yeah, what do you think?

: Really? How old did you say you are?
Very smart. | don’t usually see you wearing stuff like that.
Thirty.
No, | know, but I’ve got this new job working in a law firm.
: Really? You look younger.
Oh really? That’s great news! What are you going to be
Thanks.
doing there?
: So were you working before?
: Just admin work really, but they have a strict dress code —
Kind of. | worked in a law firm two years ago, but it was really you can’t even wear smart trousers; you have to wear skirts!
insecure. When | started, | was basically working for free,
You're joking! Is that legal?
more or less. | mean, they covered my lunch and my travel
| guess so. They can do what they want, can’t they?
costs, but basically | didn’t get paid.
You think? What if you can’t wear something for religious or
: Seriously?
health reasons?
Yeah. And, of course, | didn’t mind to begin with. | needed the
| don't Know! | guess they make an exception. Anyway,
work experience and they were a well-respected firm. | guess
listen, I've been looking for a job for ages so I’m not going to
| just expected that sooner or later they'd offer me a full-time
complain!
job.
: And did they?
No, not a chance! There were some vague promises —
enough to keep me thinking | might get something — but in
the end | realised it was never going to happen.
Audio scripts 199

S: And then the camera is much more powerful. So this one is
32 megapixels and has an excellent digital zoom, whereas
A = Adam, B = Bill
the one on the S620 is just fifteen.
A: Bill, sorry to interrupt, but can | have a quick word?
: Right. And how many pictures can the N570 store?
oO
B: Yes, of course. What’s up?
S: It holds up to 6,000 — that’s three times the capacity of the
A: Listen, I'd like to take the day off on Friday. My son’s $620 — though obviously it depends on what else you're
performing in a school concert. storing on there. And, of course, you can always just store
Friday? I’m afraid that’s impossible. all your images in the Cloud if you’d prefer.
n>
: Are you sure? : OK. And what about sound quality?
OQ
: Sorry, Adam. It wouldn’t be a problem normally, but we’ve S: Well, the N570 has a fairly large speaker built in on the
got a bit of a crisis this week. Vicky’s off sick and we really back here. See? It’s about twice as big as the speaker you
have to complete this order by Saturday. currently have, so no worries there.
A: Can’t someone else help? My son will be so disappointed if | C: OK. Well, | must admit, it is a nice phone. I’m tempted. What
don’t watch him play. And | do have some holiday left for this about calls and text messages? How many can you offer
year. me?
B: I’m sure. But if we’re late with this order, we might lose the S: Well, for £45 a month we could give you 700 free minutes
whole contract. and 400 texts.
: lsee. C: 400! That’s quite a lot less than Blue are offering me.
>
B: You’re supposed to arrange time off with me a month in S: Well, I’m not sure we can give much more for that phone.
advance, you know. What do you get with them?
A: | know, | know. It’s just I’ve asked you at short notice before C: 800 free minutes and 600 texts.
and it hasn’t been a problem. S: OK. Well, we could probably match that and still give you the
B: Well, as | say, normally it isn’t. better phone.
A: Well, | guess that’s all. | don’t know what I'll tell my son.
B: I’m sorry. You’ll be really helping me and the company. Ei TRACK 30
1
Ci TRACK 28
| don’t like souvenirs like magnets or key rings. They’re a
to it
waste of money. Better to have something you can consume.
get used to it My neighbour’s Italian and he gave us this delicious fruit cake.
have to get used to it Apparently, it’s very typical. Oh, what do you call it... um...
I'll have to get used to it comes in a box ... oh, Pannetone — that’s it! Anyway, yeah, | also
| guess I'll have to get used to it. went to Malta recently and we bought a bottle of drink made
from prickly pears. Lovely. We finished the drink in about two
UNIT6
days, but | kept the bottle as it was actually perfect for keeping
oil in.
2
Ea TRACK 29 My wife’s an English teacher and she gets all kinds of presents
from her students — and | know I’m going to sound ungrateful —
S = Sales assistant, C = Customer but | don’t want them! One student gave her a present for me.
S: Hello there. Can | help you? It was a horrible bright silk tie with a picture of the Great Wall
C: Yeah, hi. I’m thinking of changing phone companies. of China printed on it! Another time we had this plastic model
S: Alright. Well, you’ve come to the right place! Who are you of the Eiffel Tower with a light in it. | mean, I’m a designer! Why
with at the moment? do | need these things? My wife refuses to throw them away,
C: Blue. But I’m looking to see if there are any better deals though, so we keep them in a box under the stairs and | agree
around. to display one item each month in the kitchen.
S: I’m sure we can find you something. What phone do you 3
have at the moment?
One of my friends spent last summer travelling round Europe
: This one, but they’ve offered to upgrade it to the S620. by train and she brought me back an apron from Lithuania, |
oO
S: OK, that’s a nice phone. And what are the monthly payments think it was, to wear while I’m cooking. It’s the best souvenir
on that? I’ve ever had. It’s made from this beautiful hand-woven material
: £30 a month. and it has a lovely stripy pattern which she said is typical from
oO
S: OK. Well, | think we could offer you something better. For there. She’s clever, because she knows | love cooking and
example, this one — the N570. she’s also seen the mess | make when | cook. Maybe I'll look
: OK. What’s the difference? They look pretty similar to me. less scruffy now!
Oo
S: Well, with this one, the N570, you get a much better user 4
experience. It’s a bit easier to navigate and, as you can | visited Greece last year and we went to Athens. As a souvenir,
see, the screen folds out so it’s about twice the size of your my daughter bought a glass paperweight with an image of the
current phone’s. Parthenon inside. She was really happy with it. Then on the
C: Wow! That is nice. way home, the airline lost our luggage. The paperweight was
S: | know. It’s impressive, isn’t it? It’s got a great battery life in her bag so she was upset, but then they found the bags and
as well. It uses a lithium-ion battery, while the other phone when they arrived the paperweight was there and it was fine.
uses a polymer battery, which isn’t as good. It usually needs Big relief! But then, she was putting it on her shelf and she
recharging after ten hours, whereas the lithium-ion one lasts dropped it! Oh dear, she was so upset! She cried for ages.
up to twelve hours longer.
C: Oh, OK.
200
Ei TRACK 31 : Well, you learn basic counselling skills. You know, how to listen
and guide people through probiems, but it’s focused on the
S = Seller, B = Buyer kinds of psychological problems people have when they have
S: Yes darlin’. You like the jacket? a difficulty with speaking.
: Yeah, it’s nice. How much is it? : And how come you’re doing that?
0
YDNDNDHNDHDND
: Two hundred and fifty. : Well, | did speech therapy at college and, you know, that’s still
0
: Two hundred and fifty! That's very expensive. what | want to do.
: Not really. It’s top quality. Feel it. : Oh right.
vVOUNO
: Hmm. : So it'll be good for my CV.
: That’s genuine leather. It'll last forever, that will. : Yeah. I’m sure. So, how’s it going? Are you enjoying it?
: Sure. It’s nice. But two fifty? Yeah, it’s good. It’s very practical. | mean, we have some
: How much do you wanna pay? lectures and seminars which are about theory, but most of the
: Well, | was thinking fifty. time we just practise with each other and a tutor observes us
and gives feedback.
Fifty! Come on!
: So, what about the tutors? What are they like?
: OK, one hundred?
: Great. They’re all very experienced and knowledgeable, but
One hundred. You’re insulting me! | won’t make any money
they present things in a very clear way, you know, they’re like
like that. Listen, I'll give it to you for two hundred.
on our level. They're really good, actually.
: Come on. I've seen similar ones that are cheaper. One fifty.
: It sounds it. And what are the other students like? Do you get
nw
Similar, but not as good. Go on then! Go and buy it. You're

on with them OK?
wasting my time ... OK, | tell you what, I'll do it for a hundred
: Yeah, mostly.
and ninety.
: Mostly?
: One sixty. | don’t have much money left. uO
oO
: Well, there are one or two guys that aren't as supportive

One hundred and eighty. Final offer. Take it or leave it. |
as everyone else. Like when we do the feedback after the
can’t go lower than that. Look, it’s perfect on you. You look
practice sessions, they can be a bit more critical than the
gorgeous.
others, which is a bit annoying.
: Itis nice ... OK, one eighty.
: [can imagine. You want encouragement, not criticism!
: Love, you drive a hard bargain. My wife’ll kill me if she finds
VOVO
n
Exactly.
out how much | gave that away for! That’s her summer
holiday she’s losing on that deal. You want anything else? : So how long does the course last? When do you finish?
Hand-printed T-shirts? Unique, they are. Look. | think there are eleven weeks left. It’s a six-month course — an
evening a week.
Ea TRACK 32 : Do you have any coursework on top of that? | mean, is it
Oo
Two hundred and fifty. assessed?

OnBRWN =
Two hundred and fifty! : Not exactly. You just get a certificate for completing the
course.
One hundred.
One hundred! : And to get that?
Oo
One eighty. : You have to attend 80% of the classes and do an assignment,
which is basically a kind of diary of our counselling sessions —
One hundred and eighty!
nothing too demanding.
: OK. So you don’t have to do much reading?
Oo
REVIEW 3 There’s a bit connected to the seminars and you could do

more, but | don’t have time on top of my workload here.
: | bet. So what are you going to do when it ends?
Ei TRACK 33
Oo
Well, | might actually do another course once I've finished this

1 It must have been very difficult getting a job in the media. one.
It can’t be easy getting by on such a low salary. : Wow! You’re keen!
WN
VO
Working there is not as bad as you might think. Maybe, but as soon as | find a proper job, I'll probably stop
| don’t think I'll ever get used to it, to be honest. doing any studying.
We’re allowed to work from home one day a week. : Sure.
ON 90
ou
This one has slightly better sound quality. I'd better get back.
: OK.
UNIT 7 TRACK 35
Ma
[Ei TRACK 34
opPpe
: How’s the class?

D = Daniel, P = Paulina : Awful! They just don’t pay attention. If | try to explain
: Wow. It’s busy today. something, they sit whispering to each other. It’s so rude! And
OUVOVWVO DV
then there’s one boy who always walks in twenty minutes

: | know, it’s crazy. | was supposed to take a break an hour ago.
late. He doesn’t apologise. He just puts his mobile on the
: Yeah, I’m going back after I’ve had this coffee.
table, takes off his iPod and his Armani sunglasses, and then
: OK. Are you going to the thing for Holly's birthday later? he sits there looking bored because he thinks he knows it all.
: No, | can’t. | have a class. He's got no pen, no paper, nothing. It’s really annoying!
: Oh yeah? What are you studying? : | think you need to set some rules. If they talk, send them to
: It's a counselling course for speech therapists. the headteacher or give them a detention.
: Oh, right. What does that involve? : Maybe. | don’t want to be too strict.
: But you have to be! If you’re strict from the start, you'll gain
their respect. Obviously, you need to be fair as well.
Audio scripts 201

QOVUNVTAaA.SsN
: Are you OK? You look a bit fed up.
UNIT8
: I've just got the results of my English test.
: Oh dear. What did you get? Ei TRACK 37
: A6. And | needed a 6.5 to do a Master's. A= Aurora, C = Claes
: Oh no! I’m sorry. But you worked so hard. | was sure you’d A: They don’t have an English menu, I’m afraid, Claes — just a
get at least a 7. Spanish one.
: | know. | was so stupid. | misread one of the questions. That CG: That’s OK. You'll just have to talk me through it.
Oo
probably lowered my score.

A: No problem. Well, for starters they’ve got Papa Rellena.
: Oh dear. So, what are you going to do now? That’s balls of mashed potato, stuffed with beef, raisins and
oO
: It depends. I’m going to ring the course leader and see if olives, and then deep-fried.
they'll accept me with a 6. If they don’t accept me on the : OK. That sounds very filling for a starter!
course, I'll either retake the test or | might look for another
: Itcan be, yeah. Then there’s Anticuchos. That’s a bit like a
Master’s.
Peruvian kebab. It’s sliced cow heart, very tender and juicy,
grilled on a stick.
Right, there are a number of things | need to tell you about : Right. To be honest, Aurora, | don’t really like the idea of
assessment. Firstly, 50% of your final marks are based on eating heart. | don’t know why. | just don’t.
your essays during the course. Because of that, we’re very : That’s OK. No problem. There are plenty of other dishes to
>
strict on deadlines. If you miss a deadline that your tutor has choose from.
set, you will be given a zero. No arguments! Secondly, er ... : Sorry. Anyway, what’s next? What’s Ceviche?
yes?
POPO
: Ceviche! That’s Peru’s national dish. Have you never tried it?
: Yeah, sorry to interrupt, but what if you have a family crisis, : No, never.
or something?
: Oh, you really should. It’s delicious. It’s basically raw fish
Well, obviously we'll make an exception for certain cases marinated in lime juice or lemon juice and served with the
if a close family member is affected. Also, we won't accept local kind of potato and corn. You get lots of different kinds
any excuses to do with illness unless you produce a of Ceviche, using different fish and seafood.
doctor's certificate within two days of the deadline. Does
: OK. Well, I'll go for that, the Ceviche. What are you going to
that answer your question? Good. | should say, while we’re
have?
on the subject, that if you have any problems which are
: The Tallarin Con Mariscos. It’s a kind of spaghetti served
affecting your coursework, you should contact the student
with shrimps and prawns and squid.
counselling service. Their number is ...
: Sounds great. And what about the main courses?
: Well, the Bistec Apanado. That’s steak, sliced very thinly and
*
: So how’s Angela doing at her new school? then fried and served with rice.
Ig
: Oh, much better, thanks. I’m so glad we decided to move : OK.

her to St James’s. The teachers seem a lot better prepared.
: And then there are two rice dishes — Arroz Con Mariscos,
And they push the kids. | think Angela was just a bit bored at
which is rice with fresh seafood. It’s a bit like a Spanish
her last school.
paella, but spicier. Then there’s Arroz Con Pato, which is rice
: Well, she’s a bright kid. with duck. The Lomo Saltado is a kind of steak dish.
: And that other school was quite rough. | was always hearing : Another one? | don’t really eat steak very much, to be
about fights in the playground and lots of kids there skip honest. | tend to find it quite bland.
classes on a fairly regular basis as well.
: Bland? Not this one. It’s cooked with tomatoes and onions
G: Well, St James’s has a very good reputation. and spices and things. It’s really good. Honestly!
H: Yes. Discipline is very good there. And | think they look so : 'll take your word for it, but | don’t really feel like steak
much smarter in a uniform. tonight anyway.
G: Hmm. : OK. Well, finally, there’s Seco De Cabrito. It’s a kind of stew
with goat meat in, young goat meat — and they serve it with
Ei TRACK 36 beans on the side.
1 know — knowledge C: That sounds very tasty. And quite unusual too. I'll have that.
analyse — analysis
Ei TRACK 38
SOMYNHRHAWN
assess — assessment
define — definition
PDOrPODRe
inform — information : You know that restaurant in the main street?

interpret — interpretation What? The one that’s always deserted?
worry — worry : That’s it, yeah. Well, guess what?
increase — increase What?
refund — refund : | walked past there this morning and there were loads of
protest — protest police everywhere outside, guys with guns — everything.
: Seriously? How come?
> ow
: ’'m not sure, but | was wondering if it might be a front for

something. You know, some gang using it to wash their dirty
money — maybe what they’ve made from selling drugs or
something.
: Hmm, it wouldn’t surprise me if it was. | don’t think I’ve ever
seen a single person eating there.
202
: How's your fish?
REVIEW 4
: Oh, it’s OK, but | guess it might be better if it didn’t have so
much sauce on it. Ea TRACK 40
: There is a lot of it. 1 | would if| could, but | can’t.
: Yeah, and it’s really overpowering. | mean, the sauce is quite I'll do it once I’ve done this.
WN
rich so it really overpowers the taste of everything else. | tend not to, no.
: Oh dear. Do you want to try some of mine? | think I'd find that off-putting.
: Go on then. Here, try some of this as well. It’s not that bad. What if they don’t get back to us?
aon
Mmm ... that’s gorgeous! That steak is so tender! You don’t
That sounds great. I'll go for that.
want to swap, do you?
: Erm, no thanks. | think Ill stick with my one. You can have
another bite, though. UNIT 9
: You won't believe what happened to me last night! Ea TRACK 41
Go on. What?
Well, Jacques took me out to that new organic place up on G = Gavin, L = Lynn
the hill. You know the one | mean? G: Did | tell you | went round to see Nick and Carol the other
Erm, no. | guess | missed that. day?
mm
Oh, it’s called Green Revolution. It’s been in the papers quite L: No, you didn’t. How are they? | haven’t seen them for ages.
a bit. It’s got very trendy décor and they only serve locally- G: Oh, they're fine. They said to say ‘hello’ to you. You know
sourced organic food, so it’s all super healthy. they’ve moved recently, don’t you?
OK. It sounds very fancy. L: Oh really? No, | didn’t, actually. The last time | heard from
It is! And it isn’t cheap either. | mean, you wouldn't go there them they were still in that place near the centre.
m
if you were paying yourself. G: Oh, OK. Well, yeah, they’ve moved, um... | think it was last
Right. month. To be honest, they seem much happier now.
mmm om
: It is lovely, though. It looks out over the valley, you know. L: Oh, that’s good. So what's their new place like? Is it nice?
Nice. G: Yeah, it is. It’s OK. It’s quite a lot bigger than their old place.
The front room is huge — it’s about twice the size of this
: Yeah, but the crazy thing was, we arrived and sat down and
room — and the whole place is pretty spacious.
asked for the menu and literally that second, | saw this rat
go running into the kitchen! L: That must be nice for them now the kids are growing up.
Ugh! Seriously? So, what did you do? Did you leave? G: | know. They said the old place was getting a bit cramped
for them all. They wanted separate rooms for the kids. They
| wanted to, yeah, but Jacques just joked and said it must be
didn’t want them sharing forever! That’s the main reason
an organic rat so it’d be fine.
they moved out.
Really? I’d be out of the door in an instant if that happened
L: So what kind of place is it? | mean, is it a house or an
to me.
apartment?
G: Oh, it’s an apartment. It’s on the third floor of an old block.
Orgs.
: When did we ask for the bill? It’s a little bit run-down and they’ll need to do quite a bit of
: | don’t know. At least half an hour ago! work on it, but they’ve actually bought it, so they can do
: | know they’re busy, but this is ridiculous. | think we should what they want to it.
just go... L: Lucky them! All those weekends spent painting and
: What? Without paying? Are you mad? decorating to look forward to!
IgOL
: Well, they don’t seem to want our money, do they? G: | know! | don’t envy them! It has got real potential, though.
: Don't be ridiculous. | mean, what would happen if they It's got a great kitchen — it’s a similar size to yours, maybe
called the police? a bit bigger — and it’s got these lovely old wooden floors
throughout. And huge windows, so they get a lot of sunlight
: They wouldn’t do that. Anyway, the restaurant doesn’t
coming in, which is great. Then there’s a little balcony where
deserve the money. | mean, the food wasn't that great.
you can sit and eat in the summer and a shared garden out
: The asparagus was OK.
the back where the kids can play, and everything.
: Yeah, but the portions weren’t very generous, were they?
L: Oh, it sounds lovely. | must go round and see them
That lamb was much too spicy and then everything else was
sometime soon.
just a bit bland.
G: Yeah, I’m sure they'd like that. The only problem is, though,
H: Yes, but you can’t just leave without paying, can you?
it’s not as central as their old place was. It’s quite a lot
G: No, | suppose not! further out, so it takes quite a long time to get there.
L: Oh, OK.
{4 TRACK 39
1 I'd complain if that happened to me. Ei TRACK 42
I'd go crazy if | worked in a kitchen. 1 the other day
WN
I'd be in trouble if | had to cook for myself every day. 2 to be honest

If they tried to charge me for water, I’d just refuse to pay. 3 the only problem is
amt
I'd come with you if | wasn’t working tomorrow. 4 in the attic

| wouldn’t eat that even if you paid me! 5 on the eighth floor
6 Where’s the exit?
Audio scripts 203

oS
Ea TRACK 43 : Right — that might be awkward.
nNnDPrwn
: But there’s a microwave. You can do microwave meals.
S = Shola, A = Anastasia
: Hmm. Hey, nice speakers! You like music, yeah? Would you
: Are you Shola?
mind if| played my music in here?
DN D
: Yeah. Anastasia?
: Within reason. Obviously you can’t play rap.
DPND
: Yes. Nice to meet you.
: Well, that’s OK. I’m not really into ...
You too.
: I'm joking! Of course | love rap!
PYNRDN
: You found the right stop then?

: OK... well ... rap’s OK. You know, | think I’ve seen enough.
Yeah, yeah. It was all very easy. Is the flat near here then?
OPN
: I'll show you the toilet.
: Yes, it’s just down this side street. | just thought it was easier
| have a couple of other places to see. So I'd better get
to meet here.
going.
S: No, sure. It’s very convenient to get around then. | didn’t
: OK, well ring me when you’ve decided.
realise it was quite so central.
Sure.
A: Of course. | guess that’s why it’s more popular than it used
to be. [Ci TRACK 44
S: Right. What’s happening there then?!
: | don’t know. Maybe just an accident.
n>
Really? Because | saw a burnt car on my way here — it A: Would it be OK if | have friends to visit?
seems a bit rough. : It depends how long for. It’s fine ifit’s just a few days.
DW
A: No. It’s true it was a bit dangerous before, but the authorities
OPN
did a lot and there’s much less crime now. | mean, of course : Would you mind if | cooked for myself sometimes?
there can be trouble now, but it was so much worse in the
: Not at all — as long as you clean up after yourself.
past.
: The graffiti’s kind of cool. DWRwW
PrYNPNEPNENRPNDN
: Itis cool. And of course we have the park and the river. : Do! have to be home before a certain time?
Yeah? : No, not at all — as long as you’re quiet if you’re back late.
: You like running?
Orr
: Not really. : Can | use the washing machine whenever | like?

: Well, it's good for sunbathing then. : Within reason. Obviously, | don’t want you washing clothes
: A bit chilly for that. in the middle of the night!
: In the summer, though ... you can go naked!
Er ... OK.
rua
: Would it be possible to move a table into my room?

: So, here we are.
: I'm afraid not, no. The two we have are needed downstairs.
Nice building.
: Much better now it’s restored. It was falling down before
Orono
my parents bought the place. It had ... | think you call them : Is it OK if| play music in my room?
... um, Squatters? You see all this staircase? It’s all been : Of course, within reason. Obviously, you shouldn't play it too
restored. loud.
So your parents bought it? You mean, the whole building?
PY
: Yeah, it was an investment a few years ago. Property prices

have gone up a lot now. UNIT 10
Right.
HERPHNRH
: So, we’re on the top floor. [a TRACK 45
ip
: Wait, there’s no lift?
D = Dan, J = Jason
dt teens.
: No, it’s not possible.
: Do you fancy going out later?
OG
: Almost there! OK, you’re here!

Yeah, maybe. What's on?
: Oh! I’m not as fit as | used to be! | guess you must be used
Ot
: Well, do you like horror films?

to it, though.
Yeah, if I’m in the right mood. Why?
: Yeah, I’m much thinner than | was. I’ve lost 30 kilos!
Ge
: Well, there’s this Brazilian film on in town that I’d quite like to
PHP
: Really?
see. It’s got English subtitles, so it should be OK.
: No, I’m joking. But it keeps you fit. So come in. Here’s the
Oh right. So what’s it about, then? What’s the plot?
living room. We share.
: Well, apparently, it’s about zombies taking over Brasilia.
: OK. Nice. Oh, great view.
dO
PYPHYH
That sounds fun.

: Yes. And this would be your room.
: Yeah and the special effects are supposed to be amazing
2
: OK. It’s a bit smaller than | expected.

as well.
: Really? | had another English man here who said it was
Cool. So when’s it on?
WS =
‘cosy’!
: There’s a showing at just after nine and then a late one at
That's one word. But not much space if| wanted a friend to
“
twelve.
visit. Can | have visitors?
: OK. Well, I'm not sure | want to go to the late one. | need to
A: I'm afraid not. | want you to myself. Ha, ha. I’m joking,
be up quite early tomorrow.
of course. It is very small | think with visitors, but | can
recommend some places nearby. : That’s OK. The ten past nine showing is good for me.
@
Where’s it on?
S: OK. Well, the kitchen’s nice and big. Is it OK if | cook here
Sof
whenever | like? : The Capitol.

A: Sure — as long as I’m not preparing something. OK then. Great.
204
Ci TRACK 46 Ea TRACK 48
D = Dan, J = Jason 1
D: So do you know where the cinema is? A: So how was it?
J: | think so. Isn’t The Capitol that one near the river? B: Oh, it was brilliant — much better than | thought it’d be.
D: Nope. That’s the ABC. A: Really? I'd heard it wasn’t that good.
J: Oh right. Well in that case, no, I’m not sure. B: Well, me too, but | actually really enjoyed it.
D: The Capitol’s in the centre — on Crown Street. A: So, what's so good about it?
J: OK. | don’t know it, then. B: Oh, the story, the acting — everything. It’s just really funny and
D: You know Oxford Road, yeah? Well, that’s the main street it’s quite exciting too. | don’t know. Maybe it’s because | didn’t
which goes past the railway station. think it'd be anything special.
J: Yeah, yeah. : | know what you mean. You see so many films these days
D: Well, if you have your back to the station, you turn right where there’s so much advance publicity — especially from
down Oxford Road. You walk about 200 metres and you go Hollywood. It’s all in the papers and everyone’s saying, ‘You
past a post office. have to go and see it’ And then you go and you just end up
Jt OK. thinking it was a bit overrated. It’s nice to go to something
D: And the next street after that is Crown Street. The cinema’s that actually meets your expectations.
along there, about halfway down on the left.
9ON00
J: Oh yeah. | think | know the place now. There’s a big sweet : Did you have a good night out? How was the concert?
shop right opposite, isn’t there? : Oh, we didn’t go in the end.
D: That's the one. : Really? What a shame.
J: OK. So if the programme starts at ten past nine, what time : | know! Hans was going to pick me up at seven, but as it
do you want to meet? Shall | just meet you on the steps happened he had to finish some work at the office and by the
outside at nine? time we got there, there was a massive queue for tickets. So
D: Can we make it eight thirty? We want to be sure we get a we decided we weren't going to get in and we went to a club
ticket. instead.
J: | doubt it'll be that busy, but | suppose we could get there a : Oh right. So what club did you go to?
ON
bit earlier. We can always get a coffee before the film starts. : Radio City.
D: Exactly. Maybe whoever gets there first should start queuing, : Well, that’s supposed to be really good. It's quite trendy, isn’t
OK? it?
J: OK, but I don’t think we need to worry. | don’t think that many : That’s what they say, but | hated it!
people will want to see a Brazilian zombie movie. : Really? What was so bad about it?
D: Hey, you never know! : It was just awful — the people, the music, everything. It’s one
of the worst clubs I’ve ever been to.
EX TRACK 47
: Really?
1 You know Columbus Avenue? Well, the restaurant's about
: OK, maybe I’m exaggerating a bit. | mean, it was OK to begin
halfway down there.
with, but then it got absolutely packed, so you couldn't really
2 The bus stop is right in front of the main entrance to the dance properly. And it was boiling hot, so you were sweating
station. like crazy. And then they changed the music later to this
3 You know the post office? Well, St Ann’s Road is the next heavy techno stuff, which | hate. And the drinks were a rip-off.
turning down from there, on the other side of the road.
Oh dear. Maybe you just went on the wrong night.
4 You know the cinema? Well, there’s a car park at the back.
ee
5 You know the main square? Well, Hope Close is one of the
streets off there. I'm so tired! | was out late last night.
6 If you have your back to the station, you turn left. Really? | thought you said you were going to have a quiet
night in.
7 \f you're facing the station, the shop will be on your right.
| know. | mean, | was going to stay in, but Clara phoned and
8 If you're coming down the
m
road away from the station, Church

while we were chatting, she mentioned she had a spare
Street’s the second turning on the left.
ticket for this play in town and so | said I’d go with her.
9 If you’re going up the road towards the station and away from
Oh right. So what did you go and see? Anything good?
the river, Pemberton Road’s the second on the right.
mm
: Yes, actually. It was called A Man for All Seasons.

10 When you come out of the building, you'll see the cinema
right opposite. Oh! I’ve been wanting to see that for ages! It’s had some
great reviews in the papers. How was it?
Brilliant! One of the best things I've seen in a long time.
That's what I'd heard.
: Yeah. It’s so moving. Honestly, | was in tears at the end. And
the whole staging — the lighting, the costumes, everything —
it’s just really well done.
I'll have to go.
: Yeah, you should.
Audio scripts 205

REVIEW 5 E: | really thought | was going to die. Honestly, | hope | never
see another crocodile in my life!
Ei TRACK 49 F: | can imagine. That’s awful! It actually reminds me of
| said I'd do it and | will. something that happened to me last year in Indonesia.
=
| said | wouldn't, but in the end | did. E: Oh yeah? What was that?
WN
The divorce rate has risen dramatically over recent years. F: Well, | was there on holiday, and I’d decided to spend a
There’s been a steady fall in unemployment. few days trekking through the jungle. On the second day,
we were walking along a path through the rainforest when
Much was said, but little was done.
suddenly these huge lizards came running out of the bushes
No
There’s not as much crime as there was in the past.

from all sides. They were enormous — much bigger than me!
Everyone ran away, leaving me with three of these monster
UNIT 11 lizards running towards me. | tried to scream, but just

couldn’t! | really thought they were going to eat me.
E: Really? That sounds terrifying! So what happened?
[Ea TRACK 50 F: Well, luckily, the guides managed to stop the lizards with
these big sticks they had, and so | managed to escape.
PrOPrPOrpoOrpe
: That’s a nice photo. Who’s that? EA TRACK 51

: Oh, it’s a friend. Oh, they’re so cute!
OnBWHN =
: And is that your cat? He’s so lovely.
Yeah. He’s so annoying!
: It’s so cute!
Their dog is just really out of control!
: |know. Mind you she’s lucky she’s still alive! It smells really bad.
: Really? What happened? It’s just incredibly noisy!
: Well, when she was a little kitten she actually got stuck He even lets the cat walk on the table.
inside the wall of our house!
ON
He actually kisses the dog and lets it lick his face!

: You’re joking! How did that happen?
Pw
: We’re not absolutely sure, because we didn’t see her Gg TRACK 52

disappear, but we think she crawled through a little hole in
the floor in our bedroom and then she fell down the gap 1
between the walls. A : You'll never guess what happened last night.
: Oh no. B : Go on, What?
>
B: Anyway, we were watching TV and we could hear these A : Well, | was walking home when | suddenly saw a horse,
little cries coming from somewhere, but we were going mad standing there in the street!
because we couldn’t see her anywhere and then we worked
out she was actually inside the wall!
OUNUAOASN
: |saw something really strange while we were away.

A: So how did you get her out?
: Oh yeah? What was that?
: We had to call the fire service in the end, and they basically
@
: We saw this whale stuck on the beach.

broke a bit of the outside wall and they managed to get her
out like that. Here, | think | still have a picture ... : Seriously? Still alive?
: Oh, look at that! Oh that sad little face! : Yeah! It was actually quite upsetting! We phoned the police
to see if they could organise help.
OF
: | Know. I’m glad we found her.

w
: | was just about to put my shoes on when | found a scorpion

m
O00
: You'll never guess what happened last night.

hiding in one of the shoes!
: Go on. What?
F: Really? What was that doing there?
: Well, | was writing some reports on my computer at home
E: | don’t know. | guess it was just looking for somewhere to
when | suddenly noticed a group of crows looking quite
sleep.
excited. They were all making this dreadful noise so | went
outside to see what was happening.
: And? G: We spent hours trying to persuade the cat to come down
O
C: Well, the crows were chasing a little parrot up and down the from the tree, but it refused to come.
street. H: Oh no! That's awful! So what happened in the end?
D: A parrot? What was it doing there? G: Well, eventually, we gave up. But an hour later it walked into
C: | have no idea. | guess it must’ve escaped from somewhere. the kitchen, looking for its dinner!
Anyway, it was obviously very scared and cold. | felt really
sorry for it so | chased the crows away. The parrot was then TRACK 53
sitting on my neighbour’s roof and | didn’t want to leave it. Obviously Wilson's story is a tragedy. He had no real idea of
D: Yeah? So what happened in the end? Did you catch it? the power of nature and he died because of it. But | don’t think
C: Yeah, | had to put some fruit and seeds on the ground to he was stupid. Remember his terrible experience in the war.
tempt it down and then when it came down, | managed to That can affect people in different ways, and maybe those
catch it and put it into a box. We’ve got it at home now. terrible memories are what drove him. Then think about his
D: Wow! That's mad. Actually, it reminds me of something | achievement. Just reaching Everest was really amazing. All
saw a few weeks ago. | was coming home from work on my those difficulties he overcame: the flight to India, the walk,
bicycle when ... everything. And he showed skill in learning to fly and amazing
206
strength and determination — and he did it alone. That's so discovered in the Kalahari Desert. In 1969, the government
different to these people who pay to go up Everest. They arrive made an agreement with the South African company De Beers,
in helicopters. They carry almost nothing and they’re not just and today around a quarter of all the world’s diamonds are
risking their own lives, they risk many lives. If a rope broke, how mined there. For over 40 years now, profits have been invested
many people would fall? If a guide got injured, these amateurs in health care, education and infrastructure, such as roads.
couldn't help. And with so many of them, serious climbers have This investment has made the big difference, but it could
to wait in these really dangerous conditions. And if that wasn’t only happen because there’s a strong democracy and good
bad enough, they leave so much rubbish on the mountain — government, which according to Transparency International
broken tents, ropes, empty oxygen bottles — things that stay has the lowest level of corruption in Africa.
there forever in the freezing cold.
Ea TRACK 54 UNIT 12
Now, you might think that countries and regions that are rich in
natural resources, such as coal or oil, would have the strongest
Ei TRACK 56
economies. In fact, though, they often suffer from something
called ‘the resource curse’. How many of you have heard of this creative sensitive ambitious direct
before? OK, a couple of you. Well, this phrase was first used in intense bright charming diplomatic
the 1990s by the writer Richard Auty, who argued that having loyal calm competitive modest
lots of natural resources actually causes problems for the
economy. Since then, his theory has been supported by several Ea TRACK 57
studies that have found that, yes, there are rich people in these
L = Lewis, J = Jessica
countries, but, on average, the typical person in resource-rich
countries is less wealthy than in countries with few natural L: Where did you disappear to?
resources. The question is, why? What’s happening? Well, I’m J: Yeah, sorry. | had to go and phone my brother, Noel. It’s his
going to suggest four main reasons: conflict, corruption, value birthday today.
of manufactured products and instability. L: Oh, OK. It’s just that you were quite a long time.
So, conflict. Where there are natural resources, there is big J: | know. | was only going to be five minutes — just wish him
money to be made. But where there’s big money, there’s ‘Happy Birthday’ — but once he starts talking, he doesn’t
often big trouble and a fight for control. Local people are often stop!
forced to leave their land so that resources can be extracted, L: Oh, that’s like my mum. She can talk for hours. | sometimes
and that causes controversy. The anger may be worse think we could be on the phone and | could go off and have
because they receive no money for moving and the profits a coffee and then come back and she’d still be talking! She
from the extraction go to foreign companies or other parts wouldn’t have noticed I’d gone!
of the country. Regions with large reserves may try to gain J: Right. Well, I’m not sure he’s quite that bad.
independence from the rest of the country so that they can L: OK, maybe I’m exaggerating, but she is very talkative.
control the natural resource. The result can be violent protests,
Anyway, it sounds like you and Noel get on well.
even civil war. And you don’t need me to tell you how oil has
J: Yeah, really well. Unfortunately | don’t see him that much
also caused expensive international wars.
now because he’s living in the States.
Then there’s corruption. Profits from mining and drilling often
Really! What’s he doing there? Is he working?
go to politicians and officials, rather than helping to build
ee
No, he won a scholarship to study Physics.

schools or hospitals for local people. Companies may give
‘presents’ to officials to avoid expensive rules and regulations Wow! He must be clever.
Se Es
— I’m sure you know what | mean. Politicians may directly run a He is. He’s really bright — always top of his class. But, you
mining company or be employed by them on huge ‘salaries’. know, he’s not one of those intense clever people. He’s
really funny and very good with people.
Thirdly, the basic materials, like oil or wood, are not as valuable
as manufactured products made from them, like petrol or Sounds a great guy. Do you have any other brothers or
ie
furniture. So if you are a country with few resources, you have sisters? | don’t think you’ve told me before.
to do something else. So you invest in manufacturing and then Maybe not. Er I’ve got a younger brother called Greg.
FS
these economies grow quicker than the countries which mainly And what's he like? Do you get on well?
produce natural resources. Yeah, | guess.
FS
Why don’t resource-rich countries invest in factories? Well, You don’t sound too sure.
largely because of corruption and conflict, but it’s also because No. | mean, he’s nice and everything. We're just ... different.
&
economic instablilty can reduce investment. Global prices of Yeah? In what way?
natural resources vary a lot. If the price falls suddenly, there
Sul
| don’t know. He’s just so sensitive. | seem to upset him a lot,

is obviously crisis. But big price rises are also bad. When
anyway.
resource prices go up, the country’s currency also rises. If the
Oh yeah?
currency is high, factories can’t sell their products because
ieee
imports are cheap and exporting is expensive. These risks Yeah, for example, he wants to be an artist, yeah?
mean less investment is made, which then makes the economy Oh right.
depend more on the natural resource, which is why it’s called a And the other week | saw him at my mum and dad’s and
S
‘resource curse’! he was talking about his big new art project — some kind of
installation.
Ea TRACK 55 L: Right.
Not every country rich in resources has suffered though. A J: And | asked, ‘So where and when is this going to be on?’,
few have managed to become successful and one of the best and he just got annoyed and went quiet.
examples is the African state of Botswana. The country gained L: Oh?
independence from Britain in 1966. It was then one of the
world’s poorest countries, but, one year later, diamonds were
Audio scripts 207

J: Basically, because it won’t happen. He likes the idea of Ea TRACK 59
being creative, but he doesn’t want to do the work. I’ve told
| wish I'd known.
him before: you need to be ambitious, push yourself more,
=
or you'll never make any money. | wish I'd met him.
RWDN
L: Oh... right. | wish they’d told me earlier.
J: What? | wish I'd tried harder at school.
L: No, you're right. It’s tough being an artist. It’s just that ... | really wish we hadn’t moved house.
on
J: What? Honestly, | wish | hadn’t said anything.
L: Well ... | guess you get plenty of criticism in the art world and | wish | hadn’t gone to the meeting.
ON
maybe he doesn’t want his sister to be so direct? | sometimes wish they'd given me a different name.
J: Oh, right. So you think it’s my fault!
L: No! I’m just saying ...
J: Whatever.
REVIEW 6
L: It’s ... hard ... so, are we going for coffee?
J: | guess. [Ei TRACK 60
| used to, but | don’t anymore.
=
Ea TRACK 58 | tried it, but | really wish | hadn’t.
WN
1 Doug I'd go there all the time when | was a kid.
| met him while doing a summer job in England. We were both They found it again two days after it'd been stolen.
Oooh
working in this café — he was in the kitchens and | was a waiter. | could see it from the hotel, but didn’t manage to visit.
Our boss was a bit of an idiot. He was really strict — he was We couldn't use the pool because it was being cleaned.
always shouting at us and was just horrible. Anyway, we used
to go out after work and we’d sit and complain about our boss.
We'd talk about the things we wished we'd said to him. Nicolas UNIT 13
was always very funny about it.
2 Sandra Ea TRACK 61
We were dating for a while. | met him when we were studying
in Rome on an Erasmus programme. It was a great few months.
1
He was always so much fun and so full of life. We tried to keep M = Maria, B = Belinda, A = Andre
the relationship going after he went back to Belgium, but it’s : Thanks for picking us up. It’s really kind of you.
difficult maintaining a long-distance relationship. We couldn’t
DEME
: That’s OK. It’s no problem. So, how was your journey?

afford to visit each other very often and, in the end, we split
: Oh, quite stressful, actually. It’s a relief to finally be here.
up. We've remained friends, which | suppose is important, but
| sometimes wish we’d stayed together. Yeah, | wish we hadn’t : Oh no! What happened? You weren't delayed or anything,
split up. were you?
: No, no, it wasn’t that, thank goodness, but everything else
=
3 Shane that could go wrong did! To begin with, we almost missed

| met him while | was backpacking. We were staying in a hostel the flight, because Andre didn’t want to spend too long
and we had to share a room. We got talking and found we had hanging around at the airport.
a lot in common. We ended up spending a couple of weeks A: I’ve already said I’m sorry!
sightseeing until | went back to Australia. We kept in touch via M: He said we’d be OK if we got there an hour and a half
email and social media after that and two years ago | moved
before take-off, but there was a huge queue at the check-in
to Britain. Since then, I’ve been over to Belgium to see him a
desk and then another one going through security, so in the
couple of times.
end we only just caught the flight.
4 Brigitta B: How come it was so busy? It’s not really the holiday season.
We met at university. We didn’t have much to do with each A: Exactly. They were doing extra security checks for some
other at first as we’re so different. | think I’m quite sociable reason.
and outgoing and, as you probably know, he’s a bit quiet and : Oh right.
PerPeD
shy. It’s not that we didn’t get on at all. We’d see each other in : Whatever, if we’d been there earlier ...
Class and in the library and we’d chat a bit. Over time, though, OK, OK.
our chats got longer, and then, just before we left university,
: Anyway, the flight was dreadful too.
| asked him out on a date. He looked a bit surprised, but he
said OK and we’ve been seeing each other now for about two : Awful. We hit a big storm coming over France and it was so
bumpy ...
years. It’s a shame it took so long for us to get together, really!
: Honestly, at one point, | thought we were going to crash!
Drzauope2z
5 Franck : |was sweating!

| met him through a friend, Jef, who he was sharing a flat with. : That sounds terrifying.
We all used to hang out together so I'd talk to Nicolas and got
: It was! | don’t want to go through that again, | can tell you!
to know him very well. At some point | had an argument with
: Me neither.
Jef. It was about something stupid, but we basically stopped
talking to each other. We're both very stubborn and | didn’t : ’'m sure. What do you want to do now? Do you want to go
want to be the first to apologise, but of course, neither did and get something to eat, or do you want to check in at the
he! | regret that, really. | wish we’d managed to sort things out hotel first?
between us, but ... there you go. Anyway, to cut a long story
short, | haven’t seen Jef for years, but I’m still friends with
Nicolas.
208
2 : Oh no!
L = Lara, K = Karen : It was really hot and | was sunbathing and just fell asleep.
LE Hi. There you are! | was starting to worry. The next day, my skin went purple! It was horrible.
K: Yeah, sorry I’m so late. | had a bit of a nightmare getting : Oh you poor thing!
here. Oh, it was my own fault. | shouldn’t have stayed in the sun
Oh really? How come? for so long, especially with my skin. | should’ve at least put
7eT
on some sun cream!

: Well, to begin with, it was still dark when | set off.
Really? What time did you leave?
Af
Q@roros
: Six. And then it immediately started to pour down, so the : Hello Sir. Are all three of you flying together to Prague?
roads were really slippery. : Yes, that’s right.
Oh, | hate driving in the rain — especially in the dark. : In that case, I'll just need to weigh your bags.
A TT
: So do |. That’s probably why | took a wrong turning. | got Sure.

completely lost and ended up going round in circles for : ’m afraid you have to pay an excess baggage charge of
ages. | couldn’t work out where | was or where | was going! €100 on this bag.
Then, when | finally got back onto the right road, | almost : What? But there are three of us! The baggage allowance is
=
had an accident. fifteen kilos each.
Seriously? What happened? : I'm sorry Sir, but the rules are very clear: the maximum for
rT
G)
: Oh, it wasn’t anything bad. It was just this stupid guy in a big any one bag is fifteen kilos, and this one weighs 25. You can
expensive car who drove straight across me. | had to brake transfer some weight to your hand baggage if you like.
to avoid hitting him. | wasn’t hurt or anything, but | did have : How can we fit ten kilos in there? It’s tiny!
QOrlQOL
to stop and park the car for a few minutes to calm down.
: Well, in that case you need to pay the excess.
Oh, you poor thing. That’s awful — but that’s male drivers for
: That's ridiculous.
you!
: I'm sorry, but it really isn’t my fault. The ticket conditions are
Ei TRACK 62 very clear. I’m afraid you have to go back to the desk over
there and pay the excess.
: But the queue’s huge!
: What was the weather like in Peru? Was it hot? | told you we should’ve brought another suitcase.
: No, it wasn’t, actually. We arrived at night and it was : | just thought it would be easier with two.
freezing. Then during the day it was still chilly and cloudy.
€100! That's such a rip-off!
: Oh dear.
: | wish I'd taken some warmer clothes. | only had T-shirts and [3 TRACK 63
one thin jacket.
1
: Oh no!
>
A: How did you find the museum? It was absolutely packed

: It was stupid. | should’ve thought more carefully before
oO
when we went!
setting off. | knew we’d be in the mountains and could’ve
: It was busy, but it wasn’t too crowded.
DW
checked the forecast.

: | guess, but South America — you assume it'll be hot.
w@>
WRWOPYN
: Exactly! It’s silly, really! Anyway, we still had an amazing time! : You must be angry they've lost your luggage.
: Yeah, | am. I’m absolutely furious!
TAUGY
Hello.
: You must be exhausted after such a long journey.
: Hello, Mum. It’s me, Alan.
: Oh hello. | was worried. Did you arrive safely? : Lam a bit tired but | actually slept on the plane for a while.
: Yeah, sorry, we got here late — that’s why | didn’t phone.
wreerh
ADVOTR
: Oh right. So, is everything OK? Are you both well? : You must be hungry after such a long journey.
: Yeah, fine, except for the cockroaches in the hotel. : Lam. I'm absolutely starving. Have you got anything to eat?
: Cockroaches!
: Yeah. We stayed in this little place last night and the room
Oru
: How was the journey back? Did you get wet in that storm?
was filthy.
: We got absolutely soaked! | didn’t have an umbrella or
: That’s horrible!
anything.
OO
: We were silly. We should’ve looked around more, but

because we got here so late, we just chose the first cheap
wProa
place we came across. : Did you like the food? | thought it was absolutely delicious.
: Oh Alan! : Yeah, it was quite tasty, but I’ve had better.
9
: Don’t worry — we'll check the place out better next time.
OO
OPrn
: [hope so. : The place we stayed in was a bit dirty.

: A bit? It was absolutely filthy! | couldn’t believe it.
ummm e
How was Greece? Nice and hot?

orn
Yes, it was. It was boiling! : I've heard Tabriz is a very interesting city.
Lucky you! | bet that was nice. : Yeah, it is. It’s fascinating. It has so much history!
It was, but | did get sunburnt on the first day.
Audio scripts 209

UNIT 14
mpeompe.
: Hello, IT Help desk.
Hi Bob. It’s me, Martin again, I’m afraid.
: Let me guess. Password problems?
[TRACK 64
Yes. Sorry. I’m just hopeless at remembering these things!
What is it now? Three times this month.
A: Hello. Help desk. : At least. But don’t worry. You’re not the worst offender.
>
B: Yeah. Hi there. | wonder if you can help me. I’ve just turned E: It’s the age we live in! I’ve got more passwords than | have
on my computer and found that the Internet’s down. friends!
A: What? No! All of it? That's a disaster! A: I'll reset it for you and email you a new one in a minute, OK?
B: What? E: Thanks.
A: Oh, nothing. Just my little joke. Have you checked all the A: Have you tried that app, by the way? | think it’s called ‘All My
connections? Maybe something’s not plugged in properly? Passwords’.
B: | think everything’s OK, yes. One minute. Let me just have E: No.
one more look ... yep ... I’ve just checked all the plugs and A: Well, try that. It might help. Otherwise, you might need to get
sockets again, but it hasn’t made any difference. some more memory installed.
A: Hmm. Well, in that case, there’s probably an issue with the
cable then. I'll come down and have a look in a bit, OK? Ea TRACK 65
Have you tried downloading it?
=
A: Hello. IT. Yeah, but | didn’t have any success.
HBWHN
C: Hi. I’ve got a bit of a problem. My computer crashed this Maybe you should tell her.
morning and when | turned it back on all the folders | keep OK. I'll try that.
my files in had disappeared from the screen. Otherwise, | don’t know what else to suggest.
OO
A: OK. Well, you must have backup copies somewhere, right? I’ve tried, but it didn’t make any difference.
On an external hard drive or in the Cloud? OK. Well, have you looked on the Internet?
OMAN
C: I’m afraid not. It’s stupid of me, | know, but | always forget to No, not yet. Do you think | should?
copy them. Otherwise, you’re probably best doing an actual course
A: Right. Well, in future, you might want to think about backing somewhere.
up more often. Have you tried rebooting at all?
: Um... what does that mean? Ci TRACK 66
QO>a
: Turning it off and turning it on again. The computer and video games industry has experienced
: Oh, OK. | need these things in plain English, you see! But remarkable growth. Worth around $25 billion around a decade
yes, | have and it didn’t do any good. ago, interactive entertainment now generates well over
: OK. Have you tried searching for specific files by name? $100 billion a year worldwide, a figure which is only going to
rise in the coming years.
POP
: No, not yet. Should |?

: Yeah, try that and see if anything comes up. The industry is home to many different occupations and
employs hundreds of thousands around the world.
Video games can cost as much to produce as major Hollywood
OrPw
: Hello Help desk. movies — and can earn much more. 2014’s Destiny, for
: Hi there. I’ve got a bit of problem down in accounts. I’m instance, cost $500 million to develop — twice as much as any
trying to print some files and every time | go to select ‘print’ film made that year. But apparently, following its release, the
from the drop-down menu, my cursor just turns into that game made that money back in just one day!
spinning wheel of death thing, you know, that circle that just Yet many still see gaming as child’s play, and the industry still
goes round and round and round. | move it away with the
struggles to be taken seriously. With over 1.2 billion people
mouse and it stops and goes back to normal. Honestly, it’s
now playing games, 700 million of them online, perhaps it’s
driving me mad!
time to reconsider our ideas of who gamers are and why they
A: OK. That's a very specific problem. I’m not sure I’ve dealt spend so much time and money on their passion.
with anything like that before. | think you may have got a
virus. Have you run a security scan? [i TRACK 67
D: No, | haven’t, but | could if you think it'll help.
A: Yeah, try that and see what happens. It should find any Je = Jermaine, Jo = Jodie, Ja = James
unwanted software that’s hiding away in there and it'll give Je: Welcome to another three Jays podcast — Totally great or
you greater protection in future if you need it as well. Total rubbish? For those joining us for the first time, me —
D: OK. Jermaine — and my friends James and Jodie review random
stuff chosen by listeners and decide if they're totally great
A: Otherwise, let me Google it and see what | can find.
or total rubbish. That’s it. No maybes — it’s all or nothing.
You’re either grade A or a hopeless fail. So first up, it’s me
with ‘Cry for help’, an app to scare off attackers.
OK. Imagine walking home at night. Someone’s following
you — a robber or worse. You open the app and ‘Help!!!’ No-
one’s going to attack you with that screaming in their ear.
Jo: Come on! What’s wrong with using your own voice?
Je: You haven't had that dream where you want to scream, but
nothing comes out?
Jo: Er, it’s a dream, right — not reality.
210
Ja: They might cover your mouth.
Jo: Or smash your phone. UNIT 15
Ja: True.
Jo: Apart from that, some creep’s considering robbing me,
Ei TRACK 69
right, so | pull out a £500 phone and start searching
through my apps! You don’t think he might be more 1
tempted to rob me? A: Hello. Mr Gomez?
Ja: She has a point. B: Yes?
Jo: It’s rubbish. A: I'm sorry. Have you been waiting long?
Je: Good for scaring your little brother, though ... ‘Help!!!’ B: About two hours.
Ja: No maybes. Total rubbish. A: I’m sorry, we’re quite busy today. You’ve done something to
Je: OK, a hopeless fail. So, James, what about your ‘Universal your ankle?
Translator’? B: Yes.
Ja: Yeah, basically, it’s an app that allows you to speak in a A: Hmm, it’s quite swollen. Does this hurt?
foreign language you don’t know. You just say the words B: Yeah, it’s very painful.
in English and the app plays a spoken translation with the
A: Can you put any weight on it at all?
correct accent.
B: No, no. It hurts too much.
Jo: Wow. Sounds cool. Having something like that on your
A: Hmm. And how did you do it?
travels has to be good, no?
Ja: It’s good B: | was just coming out of the hotel and | slipped on the stair
in theory, but it’s difficult to know if the translation
and my ankle ... it just ...
is accurate, so | asked a Chinese friend to try it out with me.
Je: Ha! Any good?
A: You just fell over on it. Nasty. Well, | think we should do an
X-ray. It might just be badly sprained, but it could be broken.
Ja: Well, some were OK -— like ‘Hello’, ‘Goodbye’, ‘Can | have a
You'll have to wait again, I’m afraid. We’ve been a bit short
coffee?’ Stuff like that.
of staff lately. I'll ask the nurse to give you something for the
Jo: Cool. pain.
Ja: But | did try and say ‘Your mum’s nice’ and, apparently, it B: Good. How long will | have to wait for the X-ray?
said ‘I like your cow,
A: Hopefully, it won’t be more than half an hour. Are you on any
Je: Ha ha! Dude, I’m not sure what's more embarrassing — the
medication?
translation or saying your mate’s mum is ‘nice’.
B: Er ... | take something for my asthma.
Ja: She made us cookies.
A: That's fine. Have you ever had any adverse reactions to any
Je: OK.
painkillers — paracetamol or anything?
Jo: Whatever. What about the other way round?
B: No, never.
Ja: Oh, it only recognises English at the moment. A: OK, fine. Well, I'll get the nurse to give you something and
Jo: So you ask the way to the bank, but you can’t follow the then take you down for the X-ray.
directions. Hardly a universal translator!
Ja: True. But it is half the problem sorted in twelve languages.
9VOMVASNS
: Hello.
And the other people could point. They might even take
you there. : Hello.
Je: And if they try and attack you on the way it could translate Hello.
this —‘Help!l!’ : Take a seat. What seems to be the problem?
Ja: Exactly. : It's my boyfriend. He’s been up all night throwing up. He’s
Je: Saves you having to learn a language. hardly slept, he had a high temperature — 39 — and his heart
Ja: I'd say it’s totally great. was beating really fast.
Jo: OK, you win. : And how long have you been like this?
00
Je: Universal Translator we are agreed you are totally great. : Sorry, he doesn’t speak much English. He first said he felt
Which brings us to Jodie and the ‘Remote Lock’. a bit sick yesterday afternoon and then he threw up about
Jo: So you install this lock, and then you can use the app on seven and he hasn't really stopped since.
your phone to lock or unlock it from anywhere — Australia if : Oh dear. Any diarrhoea?
9O0N900
you wanted to! : Actually, no, none.

Ja: Why on earth would you want to open a door from the : And has he been able to drink anything?
other side of the world? : No, that’s the problem. When he drinks water, he’s sick
Jo: Well ... again.
: Right, well, let’s have a look. Can you just take off your
oO
REVIEW 7
jumper and sit up here? Open your mouth and stick your
tongue out. Lovely. And now take a deep breath. Again ...
breathe in ... and out. Just lie down. I’m going to press quite
hard. Does it hurt? And here?
Ea TRACK 68 : Hmm. It’s OK.
| need it to fix this with.
omaqm
: Maybe a bit uncomfortable — but no pain?

=
You shouild’ve told me. Yes ... NO pain.

omWDN
You shouldn’t have done that.

: OK, you can put your jumper back on. | think it’s viral
If ’'d known, | could’ve done something about it. gastroenteritis, so there’s no need for antibiotics. I'll give him
Being the boss’s daughter made working there quite hard. an injection to stop the vomiting and then he just needs to
I'm really looking forward to seeing you all again. rest and take lots of fluids. OK. Any questions?
: No, | don’t think so. I’ll explain to him.
Audio scripts 211

Ki TRACK 70
Le)
C: Did you see that thing on the Times website about the steel
A = Anna, D = Dan plant closing down?
A: How was your holiday? You went mountain biking in Austria, D: You’re joking! Doesn’t your friend Jim work there?
didn’t you?
C: Yeah. | haven’t spoken to him yet.
D: That’s right. It was great, except for James’s accident.
D: So how come it’s being shut down? Has the company gone
A: Why? What happened? bankrupt?
: Well, we’d been cycling in the mountains round Kaunertal, C: No! Apparently they’re doing quite weil. They even
and we were going back to the hotel down this steep road. promised to expand last year.
James went round this tight bend too fast and he went off
D: So how come ...?
the road into some bushes and fell off. It was horrible.
C: The usual — it was taken over and the new management
: It sounds it! Was he badly hurt?
claim it’s too expensive to run. They’re moving production
: Well, we thought so. We were worried that he’d maybe hit abroad.
his head because he kept asking us where he was and
D: That's terrible! So how many people are going to lose their
what had happened. He just seemed really confused. At
jobs?
one point, actually, he even asked if we’d met somewhere
before! 3
: Really? E: Did you see that thing on TV about that murder in town?
: Yeah, and we could see that his knee was very swollen F: Yeah, shocking, isn’t it? How can someone stab someone to
as well. He also had quite a few cuts and bruises and was death in a crowded place like that in the middle of the day
bleeding quite a bit. The problem was, though, we were still and then get away?
miles from the next village. F: | know.
: So, what happened? How did you get him to a hospital? E: Apparently, no-one offered to help the victim or did anything
: Well, luckily, we were actually on a road and a car came past to stop the guy who did it.
a minute or two later. It stopped and the woman driving said F: itis bad, but then again, what would you have done?
she’d take James to the nearest hospital. He kept saying
4
he’d be OK, but she insisted and in the end we managed to
get him to go — just to be safe. We got him into the car and G: Have you heard the news?
she took my mobile number and promised to cali me once H: No. What?
there was more news. G: The deputy president’s resigned.
: Wow! That was nice. H: Really? Why’s that?
: | know. It was really kind of her. Anyway, we then cycled G: Haven’t you been following the story? He’s been accused
back to our hotel and waited to hear from the hospital. of doing all kinds of things. Like apparently, he took illegal
: And did they call? payments connected to that new national sports stadium.
: Yeah, they did. After a couple of hours, they rang and told H: Right.
me they'd given James an X-ray and there was nothing G: Not that he’s admitted doing anything. He just apologised
broken and nothing wrong with his head. But they said he for ‘causing the government difficulties’.
needed to stay there a bit longer, as he was waiting to have H: Right. So what else has he been accused of?
a few stitches in the cuts.
5
: Oh, poor guy!
|: Did you see that thing in the paper about Real Madrid
: Yeah, | know. In the end, he spent the rest of the holiday
wanting to sign Geraldinho?
hanging around the hotel. He was desperate to go out with
J: | know. It’s bad news for our team, isn’t it? Apparently, he’s
us, but the doctors told him not to cycle for a week and to
rest the knee. It spoilt his holiday really. refused to play in any friendly matches before the start of
the season.
: | bet!
I: Well, that’s that then! This is going to be a terrible season.
: And, on top of all that, | spoke to him yesterday and he said
We needed to buy a top midfielder, not sell one!
he’s going to have to buy a new bike now because of the
J: Well, Real are supposed to be offering 40 million, which will
accident. He’s found out the bike frame’s broken.
help.
: Ouch! That actually reminds me of something that happened
|: Maybe. But who are we going to get to replace him?
to some friends of mine when they went camping in
Croatia ...
Ei TRACK 72
UNIT 16 1
A: Have you seen that thing on Twitter about that tennis player,
James Jenkins?
Ci TRACK 71 B: Yeah, what an idiot. Apparently, it’s been retweeted a million
times already.
1
2
A: Did you see that thing in the paper about Shaynee Wilson?
A: Have you seen that video on YouTube of the prime minister
B: No. What was that?
trying to dance to hip-hop?
A: Well, you remember she got married last September, right?
B: Yeah, it’s so funny, isn’t it? Apparently, it was from before he
B: Yeah, they were at that film premiere recently. He’s that
went into politics, though.
short blonde guy.
A: Exactly. Well, she’s just announced they’re splitting up! a
B: Wow, that didn’t last long, did it? A: Did you see that thing on TV about them building a new
airport?
A: Apparently, she found out that he’s having an affair with
some other Hollywood actress. B: Yeah, it’s good news, isn’t it? Apparently, it’s going to create
1,000 jobs.
B: So, did he get much of her money?
212
A: Did you see that thing on the news about the murder near : So what are you going to do while you’re in Brussels?
here last night? : Work mainly, but I’m hoping to go to the Eddy Merckx metro
B: Yeah, it’s awful, isn’t it? Apparently, the victim was quite station while I’m there.
young. : Really? Why do you want to go there?
5 It’s where they have Eddy Merckx’s bike, which he used to
A: Did you see that thing on the Times website about Shaynee set the hour record.
Wilson getting arrested? What? What are you talking about?
B: Yeah, it’s sad, isn’t it? The media are obsessed with that Eddy Merckx? He’s like the greatest cyclist of all time! They
woman. named the metro station after him and it has all kinds of
memorabilia there.
Ei TRACK 73 : Oh right.
1 : You’ve never heard of him?
: Er... no. And you’re not planning to go anywhere else, like
A: Who's the statue of?
the Magritte Museum?
B: That’s Garibaldi.
Magritte?
A: Garibaldi?
The surrealist painter. He was the guy that did pictures of
m
B: You’ve never heard of him?
office workers raining down from the sky.
A: No, | don’t think so. Who was he?
It doesn’t sound familiar.
mmm mm
B: He was a military leader in the nineteenth century who
‘Ceci n’est pas une pipe?’
helped unify Italy. He’s like a national hero. He fought
Sorry, you’ve lost me.
in South America as well. He was part of the liberation
struggles in Brazil and Uruguay. | think his first wife was : You must know it! It’s one of his paintings. It’s a picture of a
even Brazilian. I'm surprised you haven't heard of him. pipe and underneath it says, ‘This is not a pipe’ in French.
A: Well, I’m not really interested in history. You’d recognise it if you saw it. It’s really famous.
Yeah, well, so is Eddy Merckx, but you didn’t know him!
2
C: You've been away, haven't you?
D: Yeah, | went to Germany as part of a Comenius project. REVIEW 8
C: Comenius project?
D: Yeah, it’s a European Union scheme which provides grants
Ei TRACK 74
to teachers so that they can go on courses or set up
1 I've been under a lot of stress lately.
partnerships with other schools abroad.
C: Sounds interesting. I’ve never heard of it. Why Comenius Hopefully, it’s just an upset stomach.
Bh WN
then? What does that mean? They asked if | was allergic to anything.
ou
D: He was a Czech writer who wrote about education. He’s never apologised for saying what he said.
Apparently, he’s seen as the father of modern education. It didn’t happen during the time that | worked there.
C: Oh yeah? I’ve never heard of him. She’s been accused of stealing money at work.
D: Well, to be honest, neither had | before | went on this
course. He sounds incredible, though. He was writing in
the seventeenth century, but even then he was arguing for
education for both boys and girls.
C: Really? Wow! That was very radical.
D: Yeah, and he was against just learning by heart, you know.
He wanted kids to learn by actually doing things and he
encouraged them to think for themselves. He was really
ahead of his time.
C: He sounds it.
Audio scripts 213

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INTERMEDIATE HUGH DELLAR

STUDENT'S BOOK Ua eel

say more about yourself and other people

describe places and explain where they are

& ep WORKING LIFE

« describe courses, schools, teachers and students

explain what is on a menu

+ describe flats, houses and areas

* talk about exhibitions, films and the theatre

tell and participate in telling stories

+ talk about journeys

+ talk about computers

+ talk about injuries and illness with a doctor

NEWS AND EVENTS +

Articles Computers + My life-as a gamer IT hetp desk + Sorting out problems

clauses people are Talking about famous

2 Work with a new partner. Discuss the

Do you have any brothers or sisters?

What did you do at the weekend?

2 Which two auxiliaries go with the past participle English?

PRONUNCIATION music are you into?

16 Choose one of these tasks.

a Work with the whole class and have conversations to

il Work in pairs. Ask and answer the questions in

Uniti First class 9

accent express fluently picked it up

1 I'm not very , but | can hold a conversation

3 Work in groups. Use some of the language from

far evidence growing

4 You are going to read an article about ‘hyperglots’

A central question of the book is whether hyperglots are born or made,

Unit1 First class 11

They were involved in a misunderstanding. Work in groups. Discuss the questions.

experience. Have you ever been on a cruise? When? Where?

7 ; —— ~ 11 Complete the sentences with your own ideas.

We use three main tenses when telling stories: the past

| love the story of how my parents met. My dad was

Work with a new partner. Tell each other

What other words do you know to describe

What's the opposite of being pleasantly surprised?

g He’s just split up with Jo and he’s quite upset about

B: I've just found out | can’t continue to stay where | am at

3 Read the article. Answer the questions.

3 a He’s been______ for a while, but he refuses to

The last time | got really bored was when ...

| always get really depressed when...

LISTENING One thing | found really disappointing was ...

The most shocking thing I’ve ever seen was ...

4 Work in pairs. Discuss the questions.

1 Work in pairs. Discuss the questions. GRAMMAR

Carla isn’t working today. 1 Which sentence is about a habit or a regular

Carla lives with her boyfriend.

Robin's parents are separated.

Robin would like to run a marathon.

agree believe belong disagree forget

G Check your ideas on page 167 and do Exercise 1,

: Yeah, it / pour / down.

5 What/ How / kind of music / often / do / are / you / (connect)

VOCABULARY Places of interest 3 Complete the phrases with prepositions from

2 Work in pairs. Think of a word or phrase LISTENING

cea aero] te LeValitea et BS7:N elt ere Bia!

Unit3. Time off 27

b evening entertainment and

sights and history