Join Now: https://join.hsslive.in/group Downloaded from www.Hsslive.

in ®

XI BOTANY - PREVIOUS QUESTIONS 2012-2022 1

Chapter1-Biological Classification
1Mark Questions 11. Cell wall deposits of diatoms are called
diatomaceous earth. Write any two uses of it.
1. 'Diatoms, the chief producers in the oceans, 2016 Imp.
are useful to us even after their death.'
Evaluate the statement. 2012 March 12. Read the following statements and select the
2. Based on the relationship fill in the blanks. correct satements from the given choices.
Euglena : protista i) Methanogens are present in the guts of
Mycoplasma : ____________ 2012 Imp. ruminant animals.
ii) Mycoplasma has distinct cell wall.
3. Suggest the correct scientific term for the iii)Viroids are infectious naked DNA
following: molecules.
Algal partner in lichens 2012 Imp.
iv) Algal component of lichen is
4. Botany teacher brought a diseased plant in the phycobiont.
classroom. Manoj identified the pathogen as a a) (ii) and (iii) b) (i) and (iv)
virus. Can you list any two symptoms of disease, c) (i) and (iii) d) (ii) and (iv) 2017 March
that helped him to identify the pathogen. 13. Identify the kingdom based on the clues given
2013 March
below.
5. Observe the relationship between the first pair a) Organisms are Eukaryotic.
and fill up the blanks using appropriate terms: b) Their cell wall is made up of chitin. 2017 Imp.
a) Carolus Linnaeus - Two kingdom classification
14. Observe the figure given beiow and identify
R H Whittaker - ................
the blue green alga.
b) Thermoacidophiles - Extreme heat
Halophiles - ................ 2013 Imp.

6. Identify the statement which is applicable to

cyanobacteria.
a) Important decomposers
b) Form blooms in polluted water
c) Presence of prominent nucleus
d) Completely lack of a cellwall 2014 March 2018 Model
7. Name one word for the following:
15. Fill in the blank.
a) Symbiotic association of algae and fungi
In Anabaena specialized cells called ............
b) Viruses that attack bacteria 2014 Imp.
help in nitrogen fixation. 2018 March
8. The class of fungi known as imperfect fungi
16. Which one of the following features is
is...............
applicable to bacteriophages?
a) Ascomycetes
a) They are bacterial viruses.
b) Phycomycetes
b) They have double stranded DNA as
c) Deuteromycetes
genetic material.
d) Basidiomycetes 2015 March
c) The protein coat is called capsid.
9. Observe the relationship between the first pair i) a) and b)
and fill in the blanks using appropriate terms: ii) b) and c)
Bacillus Bacteria - Rod shaped iii) a) and c)
Coccus Bacteria - ......................... 2015 Imp. iv) All of the above 2018 Imp.

10. The name 'Virus' that means venom or 17. ______________are the smallest living cells.
poisonous fluid was given by ............ 2018 2nd term

a) Pasteur b) Ivanowsky 18. Characteristic features of a protist are given

c) Beijerinck d) Stanley 2016 March
below. Identify the group of protist.
(a) Saprophytic protist
(b) Under suitable condition, they form an
aggregation called plasmodium. 2019 Model
 Join Now: https://join.hsslive.in/group Downloaded from www.Hsslive.in ®

Chapter1-Biological Classification 2
19. Observe the relationship between the first two 29. Choose the correct answer from the following.
terms and fill in the blank. AIDS in human being is caused by ________.
a) Mushroom : Agaricus (a)Bacterium (b)Fungus
b) Bread mouid : .................... 2019 March (c)Virus (d)Mycoplasma
2021 Model
20. Which among the following is an example for
flagellated protozoan? 30. Observe the first pair and fill in the blank.
(a) Amoeba Lichen: association with fungi and algae.
(b) Trypanosoma _______ : association of fungi with roots of
(c) Paramoecium higher plants. 2021 Sept
(d) Plasmodium 2019 Imp.
31. Name the unicellular fungus used for making
21. Observe the given figures A and B. Identify the bread. 2021 Sept
protista class in which these organisms belong.
32. Observe the first pair and fill in the blank.
Monera : Prokaryote
Protista : __________ 2021 Imp.

33. Choose the correct pair.

2019 1st term
(i)Lichen : association of Fungi and root of higher
22. Name the agent which cause Bovine plants
Spongiform Encephalopathy (mad cow disease). (ii)Saprophytes : absorb organic matter from dead
2019 1st term substrates
23. Observe the relationship between the first pair (iii)Mycorrhiza : association of Fungi and algae
2021 Imp.
and flll up the blanks using appropriate terms.
a) Rod shaped bacteria: bacillus;
Comma shaped bacteria : ..........................
b) Trypanosoma : flagellated protozoan;
Paramoecium : ......................... 2019 2nd term

24. Which among the following produce biogas

from the dung of ruminant animals ?
(a) Thermoacidophiles
(b) Cyanobacteria
(c) Methanogens
(d) Halophiles 2020 Model

25. Observe the relation, and fill up the blank.

Trypanosoma : Flagellated Protozoan
.............................: Ciliated protozoan
2020 Model

26. Observe the figure given below. Name the

organism.

2020 March

27. Fill in the blank.

Archaebacteria which can survive in hot
springs are called ____________ 2020 Imp.

28. Network of hyphae in fungi is called _______

2021 Model
 Join Now: https://join.hsslive.in/group Downloaded from www.Hsslive.in ®

Chapter1-Biological Classification  3
2 Marks Questions 6. Identify the two classes of fungi marked as A
and B.
1. The symbiotic association of fungi with roots of Phycomycetes
higher plants is called mycorrhizae. How is
mycorrhizal association helpful to plants?
2014 Imp. A Classes of Fungi B
2. R.H.Whittaker classified organisms into five
kingdoms based on certain criteria. Write any
four criteria. 2017 2nd term Deuteromycetes 2019 1st term

3. Some organisms show associations which are 7. What is the role of fungus in mycorrhiza?
mutually benefited. 2020 Model
a)Which are the components of Lichens?
8. Define diatomaceous earth. Mention any one
b) What is the ecological significance of
use of diatomaceous earth. 2022 Model
lichens? 2018 2nd term
9. Define Mycorrhiza. How is Mycorrhizal
4. Dead remains of diatoms are known as
association helpful to plants ? 2022 June
'diatomaceous earth'. Write down two uses of
'diatamaceous earth' 2019 1st term 10. Write any two uses of Bacteria.
2022 June
5. Observe the figure .
a) Identify the organism.
3 Marks Questions
b) Mark the parts labelled as
1 Who proposed five kingdom classification?
1 and 2.
Write down the criteria for this classification.
2019 1st term (5 criteria). 2019 1st term

Chapter 2 -Plant Kingdom

1Mark Questions 2 Marks Questions
1. Choose the correct answer.
The photosynthetic thalloid gametophyte of 1. Most pteridophytes are homosporous, but
there are exceptions.
pteridophyte is called
a) Identify two heterosporous genera
A.Gemma B.Prothallus
b) 'Heterospory is a precursor to seed
C.Protonema D.Capsule 2017 2nd term
habit'. Point out any one common
2. Observe the relationship and fill in the blanks. character found in heterospory and seed
a) Coralloid root : Association of roots with habit. 2012 March
N2 fixing cyanobacteria
b) ..............................:Association of roots with 2. Eventhough algae are primary producers on
fungi. 2019 1st term. aquatic ecosystems, man is benefited by algae
3. Fill in the blanks. in a variety of ways.Write any four points in
Class Common Name Stored Food favour of this statement. 2012 March

______(a)_______ Green Algae Starch 3. The following is a list of characteristic features

of angiosperms and gymnosperms. Choose
Rhodophyceae Red Algae ______(b)______
those characters that blong to gymnosperms.
2019 1st term.
a) Tracheids alone form the conducting
4. Reserve food of Rhodophyceae is _______. elements in xylem.
2022 Model
b) Production of fruits
5. Choose the correct answer. c) Naked seeds
Reserve Food in Phaeophyceae d)Cones are seen
(Floridean starch, Mannitol, Starch, Algin) e)Flowers absent
2022 June f) Xylem mainly contais vessels
g)Double fertilisation present 2012 Imp
 Join Now: https://join.hsslive.in/group Downloaded from www.Hsslive.in ®

Chapter 2 -Plant Kingdom 4

4. 'Double fertilisation is an event unique to 15.Analyse the table and fill in the blanks.
angiosperms'.
A B C
a)Mention the two fusions in this event.
b)Name the products obtained as a result (a)
Green algae Starch
2013 March
...............................
of these fusions.
(b) (c)
5. Give reasons for the following: Phaeophyceae
................................ ...............................
a)Bryophytes are called amphibians of
Rhodophyceae (d)
plant kingdom. Red algae
...............................
b)Fertilisation in angiosperm is called 2017 2nd term
double fertilisation. 2013 Imp
6. Unlike a majority of the pteridophytes, genera 16.Certain pteridophytes produce two types of
like Selaginella and Salvinia show a unique spores. Name this condition. Write the
feature in spore formation. evolutionary significance of this condition.
2017 2nd term
a)What is this feature?
b)Briefly comment on its significance 17.Artificial system and natural system are two
2014 March systems of classification. Who are the
7. Match the following. proponents of these two systems ? Write the
A B
criteria used by them for these classifications.
a)Floridean starch Gymnosperm 2018 Model
18.Certain life cycle patterns of various plant
b)Double
Red algae groups are given below:
fertilization

c)Coralloid roots Fern Diplontic, Haplontic,

d)Prothallus Angiosperm Haplo - diplontic
2014 Imp.
8. Complete the given table of algal divisions and Choose the life cycle pattern shown by
their main charateristics by filling 'a', 'b', 'c' gymnosperms and angiosperms. Write the
and 'd'. peculiarities of the identified life cycle pattern.
2018 Model
Chlorophyceae Chlorophyll-a,b ..............(a)...............
19.The given figure shows a plant belonging to
Chorophyll-a,c Laminarin liverworts. Identify the plant. Name the asexual
Phaeophyceae
and .......(b)........ Mannitol
buds seen on it and write their features.
Chlorophyll-a,d
............(c).............. and ..............(d)...............
Phycoerythrin
2015 March
9. 'Amphibians of plant kingdom' is used to
denote a specific group in plant kingdom.
Name the plant group and list any three
vegetative or reproductive characters of that 2018 March

plant group. 2015 Imp 20.Match the items of column A with column B.
10.Write any two distinguishing features of the Column A Column B
algal class Rhodophyceae. 2016 March
a) Prothallus i) Asexual bud in liverwort
11.Distinguish between mycorrhiza and coralloid
roots. 2016 March
b) Protonema
Sporophyte of
ii)
angiosperms
12.Double fertilization is a unique feature of
angiosperms. Explain the two processes c) Antheridium iii)
Thalloid gametophyte of
pteridophytes
involved in double fertilization. 2016 Imp
Male sex organs in
13.Algae are useful to man in a variety of ways. d) Gemmae iv)
bryophytes
Suggest any four uses of algae. 2017 March
Gametophytic stage of
v)
mosses
14.Distinguish between protonema and prothallus.
2017 Imp 2018 Imp.
 Join Now: https://join.hsslive.in/group Downloaded from www.Hsslive.in ®

Chapter 2 -Plant Kingdom 5

21.Identify the two events occur in double 29.Match column I with column II
fertilization of angiosperms. 2018 2nd term Column I Column II
22.Write any two economic importance of i) Volvox a) Moss
bryophytes. 2018 2nd term ii) Cycas b) Pteridophyte
iii) Selaginella c) Algae
23.Analyse the flow chart and find out A and B. iv) Sphagnum d) Gymnosperm
Amphibians of plant kingdom 2019 1st term.

30.Agar is a commercial product obtained from

A red algae.
a) Name the two algae which can be used
to produce agar.
B Mosses 2019 Model b) Write any one use of agar. 2019 2nd term.

24.Observe the frgure given below. It shows 31.Match the items of column A with B:
two phases in the life cycle of a plant. (A) (B)
(a) Double fetilization (i) Bryohyte

(b) Heterospory (ii) Algae

Identify the phase marked as A. (c) Protonema (iii) Gymnosperm

Write any two peculiarities of
this stage. (d) Naked seeds (iv) Pteridophyte

2019 March (v) Angiosperm

25.Match the columns A and B 2020 March
A B
(i) Prothallus (a) Mosses
32.Seleginella and Salvinia show a unique feature in
(ii) Sporophylls (b) Plant body of algae spore production.
(iii) Coralloid roots (c) Gametophyte of a) What is this feature?
Pteridophytes b) Comment on its significance. 2020 Imp.
(iv) Protonema (d) Sporangia bearing leaves
(e) Nitrogen fixation 33.Complete the table with appropriate terms :
2019 Imp.
26.Characters of a plant group is given below:
Occur in damp, Humid and shaded
localities. Amphibians of plant kingdom.
a) Identify the plant group.
2021 Model
b) Why are they called "amphibians of plant
kingdom"? 2019 1st term. 34.(a) Which plants are known as ‘Amphibians of
the plant kingdom’ ?
27.Match the following. 2021 Model
(b) Give reason.
Type of classification Characteristics
35.Agar is a commercial product obtained from
i) Numerical a) Based on chromosome
algae.
Taxonomy number, structure and
behaviour (a) Name one alga from which agar is
ii) Cytotaxonomy b) Based on the uses and obtained.
chemical constituents (b) Write any one use of agar. 2021 Sept.
of plant
c) Carried out using 36.Complete the table with appropriate terms :
computers
2019 1st term.
28.Seleginella and Salvinia are pteridophytes
which show heterospory.
a) What is heterospory?
b) Give its significance. 2019 1st term. 2021 Sept.
 Join Now: https://join.hsslive.in/group Downloaded from www.Hsslive.in ®

Chapter 2 -Plant Kingdom 6

37.Name the male and female sex organs in 40.Match the following:
Bryophytes. 2021 Imp.

38.Complete the given table with appropriate

terms.

2022 June

3 Marks Questions
1. Arrange the following algae in corresponding
columns.
2021 Imp. Ectocarpus, Spirogyra, Ficus, Volvox,
Chlamydomonas, Polysiphonia
39.Match the following. Haplontic algae
Haplo-diplontic
Diplontic algae
algae

2022 Model
2019 1st term.

Chapter 3 -Morphology of Flowering plants

1Mark Questions 6. Four stem modifications are given below.
Three of them are underground stem
1. Observe the given relation and fill in the modifications. Pick the odd one out as your
blanks. answer.
Cucumber : Tendril (Potato, Opuntia, Ginger, Colocasia) 2015 Imp.
Citrus : ................ 2012 March

2. Observe the following diagrams "a" and "b"and 7. By examining the four matchpairs given below,
identify the placentation. find the correct matched pair from the
alternatives given below.
(i) Racemose - Peduncle grows indefinitely

(ii) Epigynous flower - Ovary superior

2012 Imp. (iii) Phyllotaxy - Arrangement of leaves on the

stem
3. Observe the given relation and fill in the (iv) Coleoptile - Envelope covering the radicle
blanks.
a) Plumule : Coleoptile a) (i) and (ii) b) (ii) and (iv)
Radicle : ................... c) (ii) and (iii) d) (i) and (iii) 2016 Imp.
b) Starch : Amyloplast
8. In the family Fabaceae, stamens are described
Fat : ............................ 2013 March as ................
4. Observe the floral diagram and answer the a) Five, epipetalous
following questions: b)Ten, diadelphous
a) Name the family c)Six, epipetalous
b) Write the nature of d)Six,diadelphous 2017 Imp.
stamen 9. Observe the relationship between the first two
2013 Imp. terms and fill in the blank.
5. Normally, roots grow into the soil. But in some Epipetalous Stamen - Brinjal
plants like Rhizophora, many roots come out of ......................................... - Lily 2018 March

the ground and grow vertically upwards. What

are these roots called? Give their function.
2014 March
 Join Now: https://join.hsslive.in/group Downloaded from www.Hsslive.in ®

Chapter 3 -Morphology of Flowering plants 7

10.Observe the figure and identify the type of 2 Marks Questions
inflorescence. 1. In cactus both leaves and stem are modified to
perform different functions. Name the
modifications and identify their functions.
2012 Imp.

2019 Model 2. The following figures show two types of

aestivation. Answer the following questions.
11.Choose the correct answer.
a) Identify the types A
The arrangement of veins and veinlets in
and B
leaf lamina.
b) How will you
a) Phyllotaxy.
distinguish A and B ?
b) Venation.
2013 Imp.
c) Inflorescence.
d)Placentation. 2019 1st term 3. The following diagram represents five petals of
12. Fill in the blank : a flower in a pant belonging to a major family.
In Rhizophora certain roots grow vertically Answer the following questions.
for breathing. Such roots are called ________.
2021 Model a) Identify the family.
b) Write the floral formula of
13. Fill in the blank.
the flower.
A flower having both Gynoecium and
Androecium is ______. 2021 Sept. 2014 March.
14. Fill in the blank.
4. Write the names of aestivation in figures 1, 2
The type of inflorescence in which main axis
and 3. Identify aestivation of petals in pea
continues to grow is _____ . 2021 Imp.
flowers from the above three aestivations.

2015 Imp.

5. Identify the diagram and label the parts shown

as...
(i) ...............
(ii)..............
(iii).............
(iv)................
2016 Imp.

6. Observe the diagrams given below.

Name the type of flowers A
and B.
Give one example of each.

2017 Imp.

7. Write two differences between recemose and

cymose inflorescence. 2017 Imp.
 Join Now: https://join.hsslive.in/group Downloaded from www.Hsslive.in ®

Chapter 3 -Morphology of Flowering plants 8

8. Match the following: 16.Match the following:
Column A Column B Root modification Example
a) Calotropis i) Vexillary a)Stilt root i)Rhizophora

b) China Rose ii) Valvate

b)Storage root ii) Banyan tree

c)Pneumatophore iii) Carrot

c) Cassia iii) Twisted

d)Prop root iv) Sugarcane

d) Pea iv) Imbricate
2018 March 2019 2nd term

9. The following figures A and B shows two 17.Observe the diagram and label the parts noted as
different types of phyllotaxy. A, B, C and D.

Identify the phyllotaxy A,

B and explain them.

2018 Imp. 2020 Model

10.Write any two major difference between 18.Define the following terms:
racemose and cymose inflorescence. 2018 2nd term (a) Aestivation
11.The following figures A and B shows two (b) Placentation 2020 Imp.

different types of placentation. Identify the 19.Phyllotaxy is the pattern of arrangement of

placentation and explain. leaves on stem of branch. Write the name of
any two types of Phyllotaxy. 2021 Model
20.The arrangement of veins and veinlets in the
lamina of leaf is termed as venation.
2019 Model Write any two types of venation. 2021 Sept.

12.Identify the type of compound leaves. Give one 21.Differentiate between alternate and opposite
example for each. phyllotaxy. 2021 Imp.

22.Observe the figure and label the parts (a), (b) and
(c). Write down the functions of root hairs.

2019 1st term

13.Root is covered at the apex by a thimble like

structure. Name the structure and write its
major function. 2019 1st term

14.What type of modifications of root is found in- 2022 Model

a) Banyan tree b) Rhizophora
23.Write any two peculiarities of racemose
c) Sugarcane d)Turnip 2019 1st term
inflorescence. 2022 June

15.Salient features of angiosperms are given

below. Select the features of dicotyledons.
a) Seeds having two Cotyledons 21/2 Marks Questions
b) Parallel venation in leaves 1. The diagram given below shows the parts of a
c) Single cotyledon in seeds true fruit.
d)Reticulate venation in leaves 2019 1st term a) Write the technical name of this
fruit developed from a
monocarpellary superior ovary.
b) Label parts A and B
c) Can you distinguish a parthenocarpic fruit from
the given fruit? 2013 March
 Join Now: https://join.hsslive.in/group Downloaded from www.Hsslive.in ®

Chapter 3 -Morphology of Flowering plants 9

3 Marks Questions 8. Observe the figures a, b and c. Identify the
position of ovary of each flower and name the
1. Given below is the floral diagram of a family you
flowers accordingly.
have studied.
a) Identify the family and aestivation
of corolla.
b) Describe three other floral
characters from the floral diagram
using technical terms. 2012 March
2017 2nd term
2. The arrangement of ovules in the ovary is
9. Observe the terms given below:
known as placentation. Given below are
Vexillary, Axile, Marginal, Imbricate,
different types of placentations.
Basal, Valvate.
a) Identify (a), (b) and
Identify the three kinds of placentation from
(c). 2018 Model
the above. Explain them.
b) Briefly explain (a),
(b) and (c) in one 10.Based on the symmetry, the flowers can be
or two sentences. classified into three types. Name and explain
them. 2018 Imp.
2014 Imp.
11.Observe the diagram. Identify the type of
3. In most of the plants, roots are meant for placentations. Give one example for each type.
absorption and fixation. But there are
exceptions to these functions. Justify the
statement citing atleast three examples. 2015 March 2018 2nd term
4. The main function of most of the stems is
12.Write three peculiarities of gynoecium seen in
spreading out branches, bearing leaves, flowers
Solanaceae and Fabaceae. 2019 March
and fruits and the conduction of materials. But
there are exceptions to this. Justify the 13.Names of three plants are given below.
statement citing atleast three examples. 2015 March a) Rhizophora
5. Observe the given floral diagram. b) Bougainvillea
c) Pea
a) Identify the family. Name the modifications seen in these plants.
b) Write any four floral characters Write functions. 2019 March

of the identified family. 14.Observe the given floral diagram:

(a) Identify the family.
2016 March (b) Write down any two distinguishing
feature of gynoecium.
6. a) The arrangement of flowers on the floral
(c) Write any two economically useful
axis is called.........
plants belonging to this family.
i) Aestivation ii) Phyllotaxy
iii) Placentation iv) Inflorescence
b) How can you differentiate an actinomorphic
flower from a zygomorphic flower? 2017 March
7. Observe the floral formula given below.
2019 Imp.

15.The pattern of arrangement of leaves on stem is

a.Identify the family called phyllotaxy.
b.Write any three peculiarities of a) Name three types of Phyllotaxy.
gynoecium. Name a plant belonging to b) Give one example for each type. 2019 1st term
this family. 2017 2nd term
 Join Now: https://join.hsslive.in/group Downloaded from www.Hsslive.in ®

Chapter 3 -Morphology of Flowering plants 10

16.Observe the figures A and B 21.Observe the given floral diagram.
a) Identify the type of inflorescence. (a) Identify the family.
b) Write any two difference between them. (b) Write any two floral characters of
this family.
(c) Write the name of two
economically important plants of this family.
2020 Imp.

22. Flowers are classified into three types based

on the position of floral parts on thalamus.
2019 1st term
(a) Which are they ?
17.Floral formulae of an angiosperm plant is given (b) Write the position of ovary in each one
below. of them. 2021 Model
23. Given below is the floral formula of a plant in a
particular family.

a) Identify the family.

b) Write the characteristic feature of (a)Identify the family.
corolla and androecium of flowers (b)Write any two floral characters of the
of this family. family. 2021 Sept.
c) Write one economically important plant 24. Observe the given diagram representing three
of this family. 2019 2nd term types of aestivation seen in corolla.
18.A and B are floral diagrams of two angiosperm
families.
(a) Identify the families of A and B.
(b) Write the characters of gynoecium of A
and B.
(a)Identify the types of aestivation labelled
A, B and C.
(b)What are the peculiarities of corolla in
flowers with aestivation labelled ‘C’ ?
2021 Imp.
2020 Model 25.Define phyllotaxy. Explain any two types of
phyllotaxy
19.Observe the figures A and B. 2022 Model

26.List out any three modifications of root with

one example each. 2022 June

(a) Identify the aestivation A and B

(b) Write one peculiarity of A.
(c) Name the three kinds of petals in B.
2020 March

20.Observe the figures A and B given below.

(a) Name the type of venation in A and B.

(b) Define venation. 2020 March
 Join Now: https://join.hsslive.in/group Downloaded from www.Hsslive.in ®

Chapter 4 -Anatomy of Flowering plants 11

1Mark Questions 10.Choose the correct answer.
1. Analyse the given statements and correct the Casparian strips are present in ...
false statements with respect to the (a) Dicot root (b) Dicot leaf
underlined word. (c) Dicot stem (d) Monocot stem
2020 March
a) In roots, vascular tissues are conjoint.
b) Cork cambium is otherwise called 11.Choose the correct answer.
phelloderm. 2012 March Vascular bundles which have cambium
between xylem and phloem is called ______
2. Imagine that you and your father is visiting a
(a) Open vascular bundle
timbershop to buy wood for making furniture.
(b) Closed vascular bundle
Timbershop owner suggested rosewood.
(c) Radial vascular bundle
Father seeks your help to determine the age of
(d) Peripheral vascular bundle2020 Imp.
the wood.
a) As a botany student, can you help your
father?
b) Justify your answer. 2013 Imp.

3. In timber yielding plants, only the central part

of the wood is used to make furniture. Name
this part and justify your answer. 2016 Imp.

4. Parenchyma is a tissue for storage,

2 Marks Questions
schlerenchyma is a tissue for ............. 2017 Imp.
1. In an anatomy lab, Ramu and Salim were
5. Fill in the blank.
taking transverse sections (T.S.) of two
Epidermal hairs on the stem of certain
specimens A and B respectively. Their
plants are called............. 2017 2nd term
observations are given in the table. Complete
6. Choose the CORRECT answer. the table.
All tissues on the innerside of the Specimen A Specimen B
endodermis together constitute.... 1a.Closed vascular 1b.Open vascular
a) Conjuctive tissue b) Stele bundles bundles
c) Pericycle d) Vascular bundle 2a. 2b.
2018 Imp. 3a. 3b.
2012 March
7. Which among the following is a correct
statement? 2. Two types of plant specimens were given to
a) Lenticels permit exchange of gases. students for microscopical observation. They
b) Phelloderm is a secondary meristem. were directed to note down the features they
c) Bulliform cells are present in roots. observed. Major features noted by students
d) In stem, the xylem is exarch. were summarised in the box below.
2018 2nd term

8. Complete the table with appropriate words. a) Radial vascular bundles and are 20 in
number
____a____ b) Collateral vascular bundles arranged in
the form of a ring and vascular bundles
PERIDERM Phellogen are few in number
c) Xylem round in shape
___b____
d) Xylem is exarch
2019 2nd term e) Cambium present in between xylem
9. Select the statement which is not applicable to and phloem
sclerenchyma. f) Xylem is endarch
a) Consists of long narrow cells
b) The cells are living a) Name the two specimens.
c) The cell wall is lignified b) Substantiate your answer by picking up the
d) Provides mechanical support to organs features of specimens from the box and
2019 2nd term write them in two columns. 2013 Imp.
 Join Now: https://join.hsslive.in/group Downloaded from www.Hsslive.in ®

Chapter 4 -Anatomy of Flowering plants 12

3. Stomata are small openings present in the 11.Identify the types of vascular bundles given
epidermis of leaves. The stomata are bound by below and label the parts.
guard cells. Mention the role of guard cells in
stomatal mechanism. 2014 Imp.

4. The internal anatomy of dicot and monocot

stems show many differences. Mention any
four differences between their vascular bundles. 2018 2nd term
2016 Imp. 12.Observe the T.S. of a leaf given below:
5. The following are the characters of dicot stem (a) Label A, B and C.
and monocot stem. Identify the characters and (b) Identify the type of leaf .
write in appropriate column. 2019 Model
a) Sclerenchymatous hypodermis
13.Notice the three simple tissues given below.
b) Collenchymatous hypodermis
a) Sclerenchyma
c) Vascular bundles are conjoint, closed
b) Parenchyma
d) Vascular bundles are arranged in a ring
2017 Imp. c) Collenchyma
Identify and write the tissue that consists of
6. Anatomical features of a plant part are given
cells that are thickened at the corners. Write
below.
the function of this tissue. 2019 March
Collenchymatous hypodermis
Open vascular bundles 14.Observe the diagrams showing various types of
Identify the plant part and write other three vascular bundles. Identify and differentiate A
features of the identified plant part. 2017 2nd term and B.
7. Complete the flowchart given below:
Xylem
2019 2nd term

Primary xylem ...............a................ 15.Write any two anatomical differences between

stem and Root of Angiosperms. 2021 Model

Protoxylem ...............b................ 16.Write the difference between spring wood and

autumn wood. 2021 Model

Endarch ...............c................ 17.Xylem is a conducting tissue seen in higher

plants. Write the names of four elements of
Xylem. 2021 Model

...............d................ Root 2018 March 18.Differentiate endarch and exarch xylem.

2021 Sept.
8. Observe the T.S of a plant part given below:
19.Differentiate between Heartwood and Sapwood.
2021 Sept.

Identify the plant part and 20.Observe the figure. Identify the types of
explain any two features of vascular bundles.
its vascular bundles.

2018 Imp.
9. The opening and closing of stomata is aided by
the peculiarities of bean shaped guard cells.
Mention any two such peculiarities. 2018 Imp.
2021 Sept.
10.Which are the different types of cells present in
xylem tissue? 2018 2nd term 21.What are simple tissues ? Write two examples.
2021 Imp.
 Join Now: https://join.hsslive.in/group Downloaded from www.Hsslive.in ®

Chapter 4 -Anatomy of Flowering plants 13

22.The tissue between the upper and lower 3. In the anatomy lab, Eugin observed the
epidermis in dorsi-ventral leaf is called following features in the T.S. of a plant part.
mesophyll tissue. a) Radial and polyarch xylem bundles
(a) Name the two types of cells seen in b) Parenchymatous (homogenous) cortex
mesophyll tissue. c) Large pith
(b) What is the function of mesophyll d) Epidermis with epidermal hars
tissue ? 2021 Imp. e) Pericycle
23.Given below are some characteristics of dicot f) Endodermis with casparian strips
root and dicot stem. Arrange them under i) Identify the plant. (1/2)
suitable columns in the table provided. ii)Re-arrange the given regions from the
(a)Presence of casparian strips. periphery to the centre in their correct
(b)Vascular bundles arranged in the form of sequence. (11/2)
a ring. iii) Give an account of casparian strips. (1)
2013 March .
(c)Two or four xylem and phloem patches.
(d)Conjoint, open, vascular bundles with 4. Match the following columns A and B.
endarch protoxylem. A B
a) Companion cells i) Stomata
ii) Chlorophyll
b) Lenticels
bearing cells
2021 Imp. c) Bulliform cells iii) Casparian strips
iv) Present between
24.Name the four different components of phloem d) Subsidiary cells
xylem and phloem
in angiosperms. 2022 Model e) Mesophyll cells v) Phloem tissue
25.What are bulliform cells? Mention their function. f) Endodermal cells
vi) Empty, colourless
cells
2022 Model
vii) Exchange of gases
26.List out the four components of xylem in 2014 March
angiosperms. 2022 June 5. The following figures show two types of
27.How do conjoint vascular bundles differ from vascular bundles:
radial vascular bundles ? 2022 June

a) Identify the vascular bundles A and B

b) Briefly explain A and B in one or two
3 Marks Questions sentences. 2014 Imp.
1. Dicot plants show secondary growth in their 6. In a dicotyledonous stem, secondary growth
stem and root. takes place at two regions by the activity of two
a) Name the meristems that causes lateral meristems.
secondary growth in vascular region and a) Identify the two lateral meristems.
cortex b) List the new tissues formed from each of
b) Comment on the activity of this these meristems. 2015 March
2012 Imp.
meristem
2. Some tissues in plants are not able to divide 7. Distinguish between leaf anatomy of dicot leaf
further. and monocot leaf.
a) Suggest name of such tissues (Hint : Any three points each) 2015 Imp.

b) Give any three examples

c) List the difference between epidermal
tissue system of roots and leaves.
2012 Imp.
 Join Now: https://join.hsslive.in/group Downloaded from www.Hsslive.in ®

Chapter 4 -Anatomy of Flowering plants 14

8. 16.The tissue found between the upper and lower
epidermis of a leaf is called mesophyll.
a) Write the type of cells found in this
tissue in a dicot leaf.
b) Mention two differences between a dicot
leaf and monocot leaf. 2018 March

17.(a) A flow chart showing different layers of

Identify the types of vascular bundle in figure 1 periderm is given below. Identify the Iayers
and 2. Write the features of each vascular labelled as A, B.
bundle. A
(Hint : Any two points each) 2015 Imp.

9. How does periderm develop in dicot stem and Periderm Phellogen

replace the outer broken cortical and
epidermal layers? 2016 March
B
10.In dicot stem, both intrafascicular and
interfascicular cambium form a ring of vascular (b) Write down two peculiarities of phellogen.
cambium. Explain the activity of this cambial 2019 Model

ring. 2016 March 18.Observe the terms given below:

11.a) The tssues involved in secondary growth of Xylem, Root hairs, Pith, Stomata,
dicot plants are vascular cambium and......... Cambium, Bulliform cells.
b) Compare the formation of vascular cambia From this, identify and write the structures
in dicot stem and dicot root. 2017 March seen in epidermal tissue system. Write their
12.Observe the diagram given below. functions.
(Hint : 3 structures) 2019 March

19.The following are the anatomical features of

flowering plants. Arrange these features in the
table given below:
(i) Exarch xylem
(ii) Presence of hypodermis
(iii) Palisade parenchyma cells
(iv) Conjoint and open vascular bundles
(v) Endodermis with casparian strips
(vi) Large empty bulliform cells
STEM ROOT LEAF
• • •
Label the parts a,b, c, d. Write any two features • • •
2019 Imp.
of the vascular bundles seen in the figure.
2017 2nd term 20.Anatomical features of two plant specimens
13.Girth of a stem increases due to the activity of are given below:
cambial ring. Explain the process of formation of a) Name the two specimens.
cambial ring and its activity. 2017 2nd term
b) Substantiate your answer by arranging
14.Periderm is constituted by three kinds of them in two columns.
tissues. Name them. Write one peculiarity of More than six radial vascular bundles
each of them. 2018 Model
Large number of vascular bundles arranged in
15.Observe the flow chart given below:
Permanent tissues
the form of a ring
Xylem round in shape
Simple tissues Complex tissues Xylem is exarch
A B C
Xylem Phloem Cambium present between Xylem and Phloem

a) Identify A, B. C. Write the function of B. Xylem is endarch

b) Differentiate endarch and exarch xylem. 2019 2nd term
2018 Model
 Join Now: https://join.hsslive.in/group Downloaded from www.Hsslive.in ®

Chapter 4 -Anatomy of Flowering plants 15

21.Following are the diagrams showing primary 23.Arrange the following anatomical characters in
structure of dicot stem (A) and monocot stem appropriate column:
(B).Write any three differences between them. Conjoint vascular bundle
Upper and lower epidermis
Exarch xylem
Radial vascular bundles
Endarch xylem
Ground tissue is called mesophyll
Stem Root Leaf
A B 2020 Model

22.Observe the figure given below:

2020 Imp.

Write any three features on mesophyll cells

from the figure. 2020 March

Chapter 5 -Cell:The unit of life

1Mark Questions 6. Identify the organelle known as 'powerhouse'
of the cell from those given below.
1. (a) Identify the cell organelle found both in
a) Lysosome b) Centrosome
eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells.
c) Mitochondria d) Plastid 2016 Imp.
(b) Justify its presence in both types of cells.
2012 March 7. Choose the correctly matched pair.
a) Telocentric chromosome - Middle centromere
2. The diagrams a,b,c given below show three
b) Metacentric chromosome - Centromere slightly
kinds of chromosomes. Of these, which is
away from the middle
metacentric non-satellite chromosome?
c) Acrocentric chromosome - Centromere close to
Justify your answer.
its end 2018 Model

8. There are different types of leucoplasts in

plant cells. Name the leucoplast that store
proteins. 2018 March
9. Fill in the blank.
Small disc-shaped structures at the surface
of the centromere are called......... 2018 Imp.
2013 Imp. 10.The non - membrane bound organelle found in
3. Prokaryotic cells possess a special all cells is....
membranous structure which is formed by a) ER b) Centriole
the extensions of the plasma membrane in the c) Ribosome d) Vacuole 2018 2nd term
form of vesicles, tubules and lamellae. Identify 11.FiIl in the blank.
this structure and write any one of its Vacuole is bound by a single membrane
functions 2014 March. called... 2019 Model
4. In which hydrolyses, the membrane bound 12.Choose the CORRECT answer.
vesicles are present? 2014 Imp. A structure seen in bacterial cell is...........
5. Several ribosomes may attach to a single a) Nucleus b) Lysosome
mRNA and form a chain called............. 2015 Imp. c) Plastid d) Mesosome 2019 March
 Join Now: https://join.hsslive.in/group Downloaded from www.Hsslive.in ®

Chapter 5 -Cell:The unit of life 16

13.Who proposed the fluid mosaic model of 3. Distinguish between the characters of
plasma membrane ? chloroplast and ribosomes from the given list
a) Camillo Golgi and write them in appropriate columns.
b) Schleiden and Schwann (Double membrane, George Palade,
c) Singer and Nicolson sac-like thylakoid, 70S and 80S)
d) Robert Brown 2019 2nd term
Chloroplast Ribosome
14.Choose the correct answer. The organelle
known as power house of the cell is .........
(a) Ribosome (b) Vacuole 2014 Imp.
(c) Mitochondrion (d) Chloroplast 4. Name the type of chromosome based on the
2020 March
position of centromere in the figure and label
15.Who discovered Golgi apparatus? the parts A,B and C
(a) George Palade (b) Robert Brown
(c) Camillo Golgi (d) Robert Hooke
2020 Imp.

2015 Imp.

5. Ribosome is the cell organelle seen in both

prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Mention how
ribosomes differ in prokaryotes and
eukaryotes. Also mention the function of
ribosome. 2016 Imp.

6. Endoplasmic reticulum is of two types. Write

2 Marks Questions
their structural and functional differences.
1. Match the following: 2017 2nd term

a) Synthesis and 7. Observe the figure given below.

i) Golgi apparatus Identify the organelle and write its
storage of energy
two functions.
b) Packaging and
ii) Mitochondria
delivery of materials
c) Digestion of inter- 2017 2nd term
cellular materials iii) Centriole 8. Pili and fimbriae are surface structures seen in
d) Formation of basal baeterial cells. Differentiate these structures.
body of cilia and iv) Lysosome 2018 Model

flagella 9. Analyse the table and fill in the blanks.

Organelles Functions
v) Chloroplast --------a----------- Packaging of materials
Centriole -------------b---------------
2012 March
Ribosome -------------c---------------
2. State whether the statements are 'true' or
'false'. If 'false' correct the statements by ---------d---------- Production of ATP
2018 Model
changing the underlined words.
a) Aleuroplasts store carbohydrates. 10.Ribosomes are organelles without a membrane
b) The centrioles form the basal body of found in all cells. Name another organelle
cilia and flagella. devoid of membrane, seen in animal cells.
c) Ribosomes are not surrounded by Write its function. 2018 March

membranes. 11.Write any four functions of mesosomes present

d) RER is the major site for synthesis of in prokaryotic cells. 2018 2nd term
lipids. 2014 March.
 Join Now: https://join.hsslive.in/group Downloaded from www.Hsslive.in ®

Chapter 5 -Cell:The unit of life 17

12.Observe the figures of chromosomes given 18.Peculiarities of certain cell organelles are given
below : below.
a. Involved in protein synthesis
b. Made up of many flat, disc shaped sacs or
cisternae
c. Bear ribosomes on their surface
d. Rich in hydrolytic enzymes
e. Membrane is absent

a) Identify the types of chromosomes Copy the table given below and write the above
labelled as A, B. peculiarities in appropriate column.
b) Name the chromosome which has a
Lysosome Golgi apparatus Ribosome
terminal centromere. 2019 Model

13.Fill in the blanks in the flowchart given below.

2020 March
Which organelle possesses hydrolytic enzymes.
19.Based on the position of centromere classify
chromosomes and write their name. 2020 Imp.

20.(a) What is the name of the model of Plasma

membrane proposed by Singer and Nicolson.
2019 Imp. (b) Write any one function of Plasma
14.a) Select the organells which are included in membrane. 2021 Model
endomembrane system.
21.(a) Identify and write the name of the organelle
given in the figure.
(b) Label the parts marked as A, B.

b) Why these organells are called

endomembrane system 2019 2nd term
2021 Model
15.Special membranous structure formed by the 22.
membrane extension of plasma membrane into
prokaryotic cell.
a) Write the different forms of mesosome.
b) Write one function of mesosome.
2019 2nd term
16.Identify the organelle and mark the parts
labelled as A,B,C,D.
2021 Model
23.Mitochondria is known as the power house of the
cell. Why ? 2021 Sept.

24.Write any two functions of cell membrane.2021 Sept.

25.Write any two functions of Mesosomes. 2021 Sept.

26.Match the following :

2019 2nd term
17. Cell theory was formulated by two scientists.
(a) Name the scientists.
(b) Write the two main points in cell
theory. 2020 March

2021 Imp.
 Join Now: https://join.hsslive.in/group Downloaded from www.Hsslive.in ®

Chapter 5 -Cell:The unit of life 18

27. List any two functions of mesosomes in 3. Observe the given diagram. Analyze this
Prokaryotic cells. 2021 Imp. diagram and explain the structure of plasma
28. Write the name of any one type of membrane.
chromosome classified based on the position
of centromere. Mention its peculiarity. 2021 Imp.

29. What is mesosome? Mention any two functions

of mesosome. 2022 Model
30. Differentiate Rough Endoplasmic
Reticulum(RER) and Smooth Endoplasmic 2016 March
Reticulum(SER) 2022 Model
4. a) Identify a cell organelle which contains
31.Observe the given diagram of Mitochondria. hydrolytic enzymes.
(a) Identify and b)Rough Endoplasmic Reticulam (RER) and
label parts A Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulam (SER) are
and B. morphologically and functionally different.
(b) Why Justify this statement. 2017 March
Mitochondria is
known as the 5. Position of centromere determine the shape of
power house of the chromosomes.
the cell? 2022 June a) Name the different types of
chromosomes based on the position of
32. List any two functions of cell wall in plant cells.
the centromere.
2022 June
b) Draw any one chromosome among
them. 2017 Imp.
21/2 Marks Questions
1. An accepted model of the structure of a cell 6. The nucleoplasm contains small spherical
membrane was proposed by Singer and shaped structures
Nicolson. a) Name the structures
a) Name the model. b) Name the openings seen in nuclear
b) List the 2 major biomolecules which this envelope and state their fuuction. 2018 Imp.
membrane is composed of. 7. Cell theory is the fundamental concept in cell
c) Mention two important points of this biology.
model from the point of view of function a) Who proposed cell theory?
2013 March
b) Write the two basic concepts in cell
3 Marks Questions theory. 2018 2nd term
1. The following is a list of cell organelles (nucleus, 8. An improved model of the structure of plasma-
endopasmic reticulam, lysosomes, membrane was proposed by Singer and
chloroplast, Golgi complex, mitochondria, Nicolson.
ribosome) (a) What is this model called?
a) Identify the organelles with double (b) Which component forms bilayer?
membrane envelope. (c) Identify two types of proteins present
b) Mention the functions of these in cell membrane 2019 Imp.
organelles. 2012 Imp.
9. Given below is the diagram of a cell organelle.
2. a) Due to the presence of a secondary- (a) Identify the organelle.
constriction a knob-like small fragment (b) Write any two functions of
appears in some chromosomes called ............ this organelle.
i) Kinetochore
ii) Histone
iii) Satellite
iv) Chiasmata
b) Classify chromosomes based on the position 2020 Model
of centromere. 2015 March
 Join Now: https://join.hsslive.in/group Downloaded from www.Hsslive.in ®

Chapter 6 -Cell Cycle and Cell division 19

1Mark Questions 2 Marks Questions
1. Observe the given relation and fill in the 1. "Meiosis is highly significant in sexually
blanks. reproducing organisms" Justify. 2017 Imp.
Meiosis : reduction division 2. Give the scientific term of the following.
Mitosis : ........................... 2012 March
a)Interchange of genetic materials
2. Give the scientific term of the following. between non sister chromatids of
Interchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes.
non-sister chromatids of homologous b)Internode elongation just prior to
chromosomes. 2017 Imp. flowering.(Chapter 11) 2017 Imp.
3. Fill in the blank. 3. Four stages of mitotic karyokinesis are given
Cytokinesis in animal cell takes place by below in incorrect order.
the appearance of a _____________in the Cell cycle, Anaphase, Prophase,
plasma membrane. 2019 March Telophase, Metaphase.
4. Crossing over occurs in ______________substage of Identify the third stage in the order of
Prophase-I. 2019 Imp. occurrence and write its two features.2017 2nd term
5. Observe the diagram related with cell cycle. 4. Match the items of column A with B
Identify A and B. A B
X shaped structure
a Recombination i formed during
nodules
diplotene
Sites at which
b Chiasmata ii
crossing over occurs
Place from where
c Metaphase plate iii the formation of new
cells begins
2019 2nd term.
Plane of alignment of
d Kinetochore iv
6. The stage between Meiosis I and Meiosis II is chromosomes
called ___________. v
Site of attachment of
spindle fibres
(a) Diakinesis (b) Interkinesis  2017 2nd term
(c) Pachytene (d) Diplotene 2020 Model 5. Observe the diagrammatic representation of
7. Observe the relationship between the first two cell cycle. Identify the stages
terms and fill in the blank. 'a' and 'b'.
Metaphase : Spindle fibres attach to kinetochores. Write the peculiarity of the
_____________: Chromatids move to opposite poles. stage noted as 'c'.
2020 March

8. Name the following:

The stage at which synapsis occurs during 2017 2nd term

prophase I 2020 Imp.

6. Observe the given stage of mitosis.
9. Fill in the blank :
Exchange of genetic materials between Identify the stage and write any two
homologous chromosomes during Pachytene features of it.
stage of Meiosis-I is called ________. 2021 Model
10.Fill in the blank : 2018 Imp.
DNA synthesis take place in the _____ phase of 7. Karyokinesis of mitosis is divided into four
cell cycle. 2021 Sept. stages. Name the second and third stage.Write
11.Observe the given diagram. Identify the stage of any two features of second stage. 2019 March
mitosis. 8. Given below is the diagrammatic
representation of a particular stage of
mitosis.
(a) Idenify the stage.
2021 Imp. .
(b) Write any two features of this
stage. 2019 Imp.
 Join Now: https://join.hsslive.in/group Downloaded from www.Hsslive.in ®

Chapter 6 -Cell Cycle and Cell division 20

9. Characteristic features of five phases of 15.Mitosis is often said as equational division.
prophase I of meiosis I is given below. Why ? 2021 Imp.
Arrange them under appropriate heading. 16.Explain the significance of mitosis. 2022 Model
Formation of synaptonemal complex
'X' shaped chiasmata are formed 17.Observe the figure of cell cycle given below.
Chromosomes become gradually visible
Appearence of recombination nodule (a)Name the two phases of
cell cycle.
Leptotene Zygotene Pachytene Diplotene
(b) Identify the stages (a) and
(b) of the cell cycle.
2019 2nd term.

10.Column A represents chromosomal behaviour 2022 Model

during different sub-stages of Prophase I of 18.Given below are certain processes that occur
Meiosis I. Fill up the blanks in Column B. during the different phases of Prophase I in
Chromosomal behaviour (A) Sub-stages (B) meiotic division. Arrange them against
(a) Crossing over occurs (i) _____________ appropriate stages provided in the table .
(b) Formation of Chiasmata (ii) ____________ Crossing Over
(c) Pairing of homologous
(iii) ___________ Formation of synapsis
chromosomes Terminilisation of Chiasmata
(d) Chromosomes visible under
(iv) Leptotene Dissolution of synaptomal complex.
light microscope
(e) Terminalisation of
(v) ___________
Chiasmata
2020 Model
11.Analyse the table given below and fill in the
blanks. (A) (B) 2022 June
Zygotene ________(a)__________
19.List out the four stages of M phase of cell cycle
__(b)__ Crossing over
in correct sequential order. 2022 June
Dissolution of synaptonemal
__(c)__
complex
Diakinesis ________(d)__________
2020 March
12.During interphase, cells prepare for cell division.
(a) Write three phases of interphase.
(b)Write the peculiarity of quiescent stage(G0)
2020 Imp.

13.(a) Write the name of the stage of Mitosis in

the given figure. 3 Marks Questions
(b) Write one main event occurring in
1. Observe the given diagram of cell division.
this stage.
a) Identify the stage.
2021Model b) Label the parts A and B.
14.Match the following: c) Mention any one peculiarity
of the pachytene stage of
mitosis. 2012 March

2. Observe the diagram given below representing

a stage of mitosis.
a) Identify the stage.
b) Distinguish it from corresponding
stage of meiosis-I
c) Mention the role of spindle
2021 Sept. fibres in Mitosis.
2012 Imp.
 Join Now: https://join.hsslive.in/group Downloaded from www.Hsslive.in ®

Chapter 6 -Cell Cycle and Cell division 21

3. A diagrammatic view of a cell cycle is given 8. Observe the diagram related with cell cycle.
below. Identify and describe A, B and
a) Identify the phase in C in the diagram
which; (Hint : Description of one
i)DNA synthesis takes place point each from A,B and C)
ii) Chromosomes are OR
arranged at the equator of Write five sub-stages in
the spindle prophase-I of meiosis. Point out in which
b) Mention two significant points of mitosis in sub-stage crossing over occurs. 2015 Imp.
the life of an organism. 2013 March. 9. a) Identify the substage of meiosis in which

4. Observe the following phases of nuclear crossing over occurs

division during mitosis and answer the i) Leptotene
following questions. ii) Zygotene
a) Name the two phases of iii) Pachytene
A and B iv) Diplotene
b)What are the main events b) Summarise the significance of meiosis in
occuring in these two stages? sexually reproducing organisms. 2016 March
10. Identify the substages of Prophase I of
2013 Imp.
meiosis in which the following events takes
5. Prophase of the first meiotic division is
place. Mention any two significance of
typically longer and complex. It has been
meiosis.
further subdivided into five phases. The major
a) Dissolution of the synaptonemal
events of these sub-phases are given below.
complex
a) Pairing of homologous chromosomes
b) Crossing over
b) Terminalization of chiasmata
c) Pairing of homologous chromosomes
c) Crossing over occurs
d) Terminalization of chiasma 2016 Imp.
d) Chromosomes are visible under a light
11.Observe the diagrams. Identify the A and B
microscope.
stages of mitosis. Write any two identifying
e) Formation of chiasmata
features of each stage.
i) Identify the stages a,b, c, d and e
ii) Arrange these stages in correct order of
occurence 2014 March
6. The diagram shown below represents a stage in
mitosis. 2016 Imp.
a) Label the parts A and B 12.Given below is the metaphase of mitosis.
b) Identify the stage Analyse the diagram and draw a
c) Mention any two events sketch of anaphase. Write any two
occuring in this stage events of anaphase.
2014 Imp.
2017 March
7. Observe the diagrammatic view of a cell cycle
and answer the questions. 13.Observe the figure.
a) Identify the phase in which a) Identify the above stage of
DNA synthesis takes place. mitosis.
b) Mention any one event b) Name the preceding stage
that takes place in the of the above stage. Write its
stages marked as 'x' and 'y' main events.
2018 Model
2015 March
 Join Now: https://join.hsslive.in/group Downloaded from www.Hsslive.in ®

Chapter 6 -Cell Cycle and Cell division 22

14.Certain stages in cell cycle are given below. 19.Observe the given figure of cell cycle :
Karyokinesis, Prophase, Cytokinesis, a) Write the name of phases
Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase. marked as A and B.
Choose the statements (from those given b) Write one important event
below) that match with these stages and in A and B.
prepare a table. 2021 Model
• Centromere split and chromosomes
move to opposit poles. 20.The figure shown below is the diagrammatic
• Chromosomes cluster at opposite poles view of an important phase of mitosis.
and nuclear envelope assembles around. (a) Identify the phase.
• Chromosomes seems to be with two (b) What are the key events
chromatids attached at centromere. occurring during this
• Chromosomes arranged at spindle phase ?
equator. 2021 Sept.
• Separation of daughter chromosomes.
• Divsion of cytoplasm. 2018 March
21.The first stage of meiosis I is Prophase I which
is further sub divided into five phases.
15.First phase of meiosis I is typically longer and (a) Write the five phases of prophase I in
complex one. Name it. Mention the five correct sequential order.
subdivisions of this phase. 2018 March
(b) Identify the phase in which crossing
16.Meiosis ensures the production of haploid over occurs. 2021 Imp.
gametes in diploid organisms.
a) Why is meiosis called reduction
division?
b) Write any two major significance of
meiosis. 2018 2nd term

17.The five phases of Prophase I of Meiosis I are

given in the box. Select the correct phase and
place them suitably in the column B.
Zygotene, Leptotene, Diplotene,
Diakinesis, Pachytene

A B
Synapsis Occur i
Appearence of recombination nodule ii
Terminalization of Chiasma iii
2019 Model

18.Analyse the diagrams given below representing

two stages of mitosis.
a) Identify the stages
A and B.
b) Write two key
features of each
stages A and B.
2019 2nd term.
 Join Now: https://join.hsslive.in/group Downloaded from www.Hsslive.in ®

Chapter 7 - Transport in plants 23

1Mark Questions 2. Suggest reason for the following:
1. Observe the figure given below: a) In tomato plants drops of water are seen
Write the process labelled as 'I' along leaf margins in the morning.
b) Farmers remove leaves of banana plants
before planting. 2012 Imp.

3. 'Unlike water, all minerals cannot be passively

absorbed by roots'.
Write any two reasons to justify the above
statement. 2013 March

4. Proteins in the membrane are responsible for

facilitated diffusion and active transport and
hence both show common characteristics. List
any two such characteristics. 2013 March

5. Match the following:

2020 Imp.
A B
2. Choose the correct answer. a) Apoplast Phloem
Water loss in its liquid phase from the tip of grass transport
blade is _________. b) Transpiration Semipermeable-
a) Guttation b) Osmosis membrane
c) Transpiration d) Imbibition 2022 Model c) Mass flow-
3. Fill in the blank. hypothesis Cell wall
Diffusion of water across a differentially or d) Osmosis Stomata 2013 Imp.
selectively Permeable membrane is _________. 6. Transpiration has more than one purpose in
2022 June
plants. Write any one purpose of transpiration in
2 Marks Questions plants and list any two factors that affect this
1. Three potato pieces of equal weight (2 gm) were
process. 2015 March

left in three types of solutions (A, B and C) 7. Define imbibition and give one example
overnight. The weight change of potato pieces studied by you. 2015 Imp.
are as shown in the figure. 8. How can you differentiate active transport
from facilitated diffusion? 2016 March
Before putting in the solution: 9. Observe the diagram and identify the
phenomenon that helps in
the transport of molecules
in plants. Also mention the
three types of movement of
molecules shown in the
(2gm) (2gm) (2gm) diagram as (i), (ii) and (iii).
After putting in the solution:
Solution A Solution B Solution C

2016 Imp.

10.The movement of water through the root

layers is ultimately symplastic in the
endodermis. Give reason. 2017 March
(1.5gm) (2gm) (2.5gm)
11.A cell when placed in a concentrated sucrose
a) Identify the solutions A and C. solution, shrink after a few hours.
b) Discuss the reason for not having any Identify the physical phenomenon that leads to
change in the piece put in solution B. the shrinkage of cell and justify your answer.
2012 March 2017 Imp.
 Join Now: https://join.hsslive.in/group Downloaded from www.Hsslive.in ®

Chapter 7 - Transport in plants 24

12.Observe the figure given below: 21.Though transpiration results in loss of water, it
has many purposes. List out any four
advantages of transpiration. 2019 Imp.

22.Differentiate between Apoplastic and

Symplastic pathways of movement of water in
plants. 2019 2nd term
(i) Identify the parts (a) and (b)
(ii)The movement of water through the 23.Transpiration has more than one purpose in
root is ultimately symplastic in the plants. Write any two purposes of
endodermis. Give reason. 2017 2nd term
transpiration. 2019 2nd term
13.Water from the root hairs move deeper into the
root layers by two pathways. Name the two 24.Analyse the figure given below and answer the
pathways. Which pathway is blocked in the following questions.
endodermis ? Give reason. 2018 Model

14.State any four features of facilitated diffusion.

2018 March

15.How can you differentiate guttation from

transpiration? 2018 2nd term

16."Unlike water, all minerals cannot be passively

absorbed by the roots"
a) Solution of which chamber has a lower
Justify this statement with two reasons.
2018 2nd term water potential.
b) Solution of which chamber has a lower
17.Given below is the diagram showing pathways of
solute potential.
water movement in roots. Identify the
c) In which direction will osmosis occur?
pathways.
d) What is osmosis? 2019 2nd term

25.The behaviour of plant cells with regard to

water movement depends on the surrounding
solution. Explain the changes occur in cells A
2018 2nd term and B.
18.Observe the given plant cells A, B, and C. Briefly
explain the physiological processes which
occur in all these cells.
2020 Model

26.Observe the figure given below:

2018 2nd term

19.Write down the physiological phenomenon

behind Guttation. Differentiate Guttation and
Transpiration. 2019 Model (a) Name the process.
20.Observe the figure given below: (b) Define the above
identified process.

Identify the process

2020 March
demonstrated in the figure.
Write the role of membrane in
this process. 2019 March
 Join Now: https://join.hsslive.in/group Downloaded from www.Hsslive.in ®

Chapter 7 - Transport in plants 25

27.Observe the figure illustrating the pathway of 32.Pathway of water movement in the root of
water movement in root. Differentiate plants is mainly by two ways. Which are the two
apoplastic and symplastic pathways. pathways ? 2021 Imp.

33. Observe the figure and identify (1) and (2)

2020 Imp.

28.(a)Define imbibition.
(b)Write one benefit of imbibition to plants.
2021 Model

29.Write any two purposes of transpiration.

2021 Model 2022 Model

30.Water movement in the root layer to xylem

occurs by two distinct pathways. Which are
they? 2021 Sept.

31.The figure below shows three types of

facilitated diffusion. Identify the type of
movement seen in (a) and (b). 2021 Sept.

Chapter 8 - Mineral Nutrition

1Mark Questions 4. 'Ammonia is first oxidized to nitrite and the

nitrite is further oxidized to nitrate'. Name the
1. Nitrogen in the atmosphere exist as N2 (N = N).
process. Give any one example of a bacterium
But it cannot be absorbed by plants as such. So
which is involved in this process. 2014 March
it is converted into ammonia (NH3) by
microorganisms and get fixed in the soil. 5. The process of conversion of molecular nitrogen
to ammonia is termed as......... 2020 Model
a) Name the enzyme in the microorganisms
which helps to convert nitrogen into 6. Name the Pigment that gives pink colour to
root nodules of Leguminous plants. 2021 Model
ammonia.
b)What is the role of leg-haemoglobin in 7. Name a bacteria responsible for nitrification.
2021 Sept.
this process? 2013 Imp.
8. Fill in the blank.
2. Chlorophyll contain a metallic element. Decomposition of organic nitrogen of dead
a) Name the metallic element. plants and animals into ammonia is called
b) Mention any one deficiency symptom of _____ . 2021 Imp.

that element. 2013 Imp.

3. The deficiency symptoms of macroelements

like calcium tend to appear first in young
tissues. Why? 2014 March
 Join Now: https://join.hsslive.in/group Downloaded from www.Hsslive.in ®

Chapter 8 - Mineral Nutrition 26

2 Marks Questions 11.Ammonia is used to synthesize amino acids in
plants in two ways. Name the two ways of
1. a) Carotenoids are responsible for the pink synthesis of amino acids. 2017 Imp.
colour of root nodule in pea plant.
Correct this false statement. 12.Names of certain essential elements are given
b) The pigment present in root nodule is called below:
"Oxygen scavenger" Justify. 2012 March Potassium, Manganese, Molybdenum,
Copper, Magnesium
2. The biochemical assay of some plants indicates Choose the macro nutrients and write one
the presence of Gold, Vanadium, Silicon etc. But function of each of them 2018 Model
these elements are not considered as essential
elements. Comment. 2012 Imp. 13.Plants are adversely affected by manganese
3. 'In a plant, deficiency of N2 is visible in older toxicity. Mention the effects of manganese
parts and that of Ca is visible in younger parts.' toxicity in plants. 2018 March
Critically evaluate the statement. 2013 March 14.The element is said to be deficient when
present below the critical concentration. What
4. If you cut through the root nodules of a pea plant, is critical concentration? State any two kinds of
you will notice that the central portion is red or deficiency symptoms shown by planls.
pink. 2018 Imp.
a) What makes the nodule pink?
b) Mention the role of this pink pigment 15.Amides contain more nitrogen than the amino
2014 March acids. Name two important amides found in
plants and explain their formation. 2018 Imp.
5. Observe the diagram given below.
16.How can we classify essential elements on the
basis of their diverse functions? 2018 2nd term
a) Name the technique.
b) Write two advantages of 17.Diagrammatic representation of development of
this technique. root nodules in pea plant is given below.
Observe the figure and write down the different
steps involved.
2014 Impr.

6. Eventhough more than sixty elements are seen

in different plants, all are not essential. Write any
two criteria for the essentiality of an element.
2015 March

7. Steps of conversion of atmospheric Nitrogen to

2019 Model
Ammonia by Nitrogen fixing bacteria are given
below.
18.Observe the elements given below:
Copper, Phosphorus, Boron,
Magnesium, Potassium,
Manganese, Chlorine
Choose microelements from the above.
2019 March

Name the key enzyme in that reaction and 19.Observe the diagram given below.
point out the relationship between the key a) Identify the type of plant
enzyme and leg-haemoglobin. 2015 Imp.
culture.
b) Write any two uses of this
8. The plants show deficiency symptoms when the culture.
concentration of an essential element is below
the critical concentration. Write any four
deficiency symptoms shown by plants. 2019 Imp.
2016 March

9. About 16 elements are found to be needed for 20.Ammonium ions are quite toxic to plants, so
the normal growth and developement in plants. ammonium ions are used to synthesise amino
Mention the three important criteria for the acid. Describe the main two ways of amino acid
essentiality of an element and name the element synthesis in plants. 2019 2nd term
forming the structural component of chlorophyll
molecule. 2016 Imp. 21.What is the difference between nitrification
and denitrification in Nitrogen cycle 2020 Model
10.The root nodules of leguminous plants contain
two necessary biochemical compounds of N2 22.Define hydroponics. Write one advantage of it.
fixation. Identify these compounds. 2017 March 2020 March
 Join Now: https://join.hsslive.in/group Downloaded from www.Hsslive.in ®

Chapter 8 - Mineral Nutrition 27

23.Match Column-A with Column-B: 3 Marks Questions
Column-A Column-B 1. Essentiality of an element is determined
Element Function through certain criteria.
(a) Nitrogen a. Write any two criteria determining the
(i) Phosphorus essentiality of elements.
metabolism
b. Name the technique of growing plants in
(ii) Potassium (b) Synthesis of auxin a nutrient solution. 2017 2nd term
(c) Opening and closing 2. Write the three criteria for essentiality of an
(iii) Molybdenum
of stomata element. 2019 2nd term
(d) Phosphorylation 3. The essentiality of an element to plants is
(iv) Zinc
reaction determined by three criteria. Which are they ?
2020 Imp. 2021 Model

24.Nodules present in the roots of leguminous 4. What are the criteria used for identifying
plants contain special pigment. essentiality of elements ? 2021 Sept.
(a) Name the pigment.
(b) Write the function of that pigment. 5. Nodule formation involves a sequence of
2020 Imp. multiple interactions between Rhizobium and
root of host plant. What are the steps involved
25.All minerals cannot be passively absorbed by in formation of a root nodule ? 2021 Imp.
root. Justify the statement. 2021 Imp.
6. Explain the different steps involved in the
formation of a root nodule in leguminous plants.
2022 Model

7. Define Hydroponics. Write any two applications

of hydroponics. 2022 June

Chapter 9 - Photosynthesis in Higher Plants

1Mark Questions 7. Choose the correct answer.

The primary acceptor of carbon
1. C4 cycle is so called because of the presence of dioxide(CO2) in C3 plants :
a C4 acid. (a) PEP (b) RuBP
(c) PGA (d) OAA 2019 Model
a) Name the C4 acid.
b) Name the leaf anatomy present in C4 8. Name the special type of anatomy present in C4
plants. 2014 Imp.
plants. 2022 Model

2. The reaction centre of photosystems in green 9. Observe the first pair and fill the blank.
plants during light reaction is............
a) Xanthophyll Light reaction: Grana
b) Carotenoids Dark reaction: ___________ 2022 June
c) Chlorophyll b
d) Chlorophyll a 2016 March

3. An enzyme present in plants, which shows

carboxylation and oxygenation activity. Identify
the enzyme. 2017 Imp.

4. Choose the correct answer.

Law of limiting factors is proposed by,
a) CorneliusVanNiel 2 Marks Questions
b) Blackman
c) Joseph Priestley 1. An anatomist observed a peculiar type of large
d) Engelmann 2018 Model spherical bundle sheath cells in sugarcane leaf
and a physiologist identified the presence of
5. Choose the correct answer from the bracket. PEP carboxylase in that leaf mesophyll.
First stable product of carbondioxide fixation in a) Name the peculiar leaf anatomy
C4 palnt is... 2018 March
b) Explain the physiological advantages of
(PGA, OAA, PEP, RUBP) such type of plants. 2012 March
6. Observe the relationship between first two 2. 'Photorespiration is a curse to plants'
terms and fill in the blank. a) Evaluate this statement.
C4 plants : PEPcase b) Find the reason for this event to
C3 plants : ................. takeplace. 2012 March
2018 Imp.
 Join Now: https://join.hsslive.in/group Downloaded from www.Hsslive.in ®

Chapter 9 - Photosynthesis in Higher Plants 28

3. 'There is a clear division of labour within the 14.C4 plants have a special leaf anatomy. Name
chloroplast.' that anatomy. Write three peculiarities of this
Substantiate the given statement with an kind of anatomy. 2019 March
explanation stating two points. 2015 March
15.Plants that are adapted to dry tropical regions
4. Photosynthesis can be considered as the most have the C4 pathway. Write any twoadvantages of
significant physicochemical process on earth. C4 plants over C3 plants. 2019 Imp.
Evaluate this statement citing any two 16.RuBisCO is the most abundant enzyme in the
significances. 2015 March plant world. How does RuBisCO involve in
photorespiration ? 2019 Imp.
5. C4 plants have special features. List out any
four specialities of C4 plants compared to C3 17.Plants that are adapted to dry tropical regions
plants. 2015 March have the C4 pathway. Write any two advantages
of C4 plants. 2020 Model

6. Write any four peculiarities of 'Z scheme' 18.Define "The law of limiting factors". Write any
electron transport in light reaction. two external factors which directly affect the
2015 Imp.
rate of photosynthesis. 2020 Model
7. Name the following in C4 pathway in C4 plants: 19.Observe the given figure showing C4 pathway.
Leaf anatomy,
Primary CO2 acceptor,
Enzyme responsible for primary CO2 - (a) Identify the cells A
fixation, and B.
First C4 acid formed in mesophyll cells.
2015 Imp. (b)Name the C4 acid
formed through this
8. Light reaction involve cyclic and non-cyclic pathway.
electron transport. Classify the features given
below under the above stages of light reaction. (c)Name the enzyme
a) Only pigment system I is involved involved in the
b) ATP and NADPH are formed formation of C4 acid.
c) Splitting of water occurs
d) Only ATP is formed
Non-cyclic electron
Cyclic electron transport
transport
2020 March

20.Analyse the table given below and fill in the

2016 Imp. blanks a, b, c, d.

9. Chemiosmosis theory of photosynthesis Process

Cyclic
photophosphorylation
Non-cyclic
photophosphorylation
requires a proton gradient for ATP synthesis to
occur. Explain any two events that causes Movement of Cyclic _____(a)______
electrons
proton gradient. 2016 Imp.
Number of _____(b)______ _____(c)______
photosystems
10.An important difference between C3 and C4
plants is photorespiration. Explain how Splitting of _____(d)______ Absent
photorespiration occurs in C3 plants. water
2017 March 2020 March

11.Define Blackman's law of limiting factors and 21. Notice the three stages of Calvin cycle given
identify any two important factors which below.
influence the rate of photosynthesis in plants. Reduction, Regeneration,
2017 March Carboxylation
12.Observe the figure given below. (a) Arrange the above stages in correct
Identify the parts a & b. order.
(b) Calvin cycle is also known as C3 cycle
Write their functions. (pathway). Give reason. 2020 March

22.Light reaction and dark reaction are the two

2019 March stages of photosynthesis. Write the differences
between light reaction and dark reaction.
2020 Imp.
13.Certain thylakoid pigments are called accessory
pigments. Name them. Write their significance
2019 March
 Join Now: https://join.hsslive.in/group Downloaded from www.Hsslive.in ®

Chapter 9 - Photosynthesis in Higher Plants 29

23.Analyse the table and fill in the blanks. 33. List out any two characteristic features of C4
plants. 2021 Imp.
Charateristics C3 Plants C4 Plants
34. Given below are some features of cyclic and
Primary CO2 non-cyclic photophosphorylation. List out the
_____(a)______ PEP features of non-cyclic photophosphorylation
acceptor
Primary CO2 from the hints provided.
_____(b)______ OAA (a) NADPH and ATP formed.
fixation product (b) Only one photo system involved.
(c) Splitting of water occurs.
Leaf anatomy Normal anatomy _____(c)_____ (d) Both photosystems involved.
(e) Only ATP is formed.
(f) Oxygen is evolved. 2021 Imp.
Example Hibiscus _____(d)_____
2020 Imp.
35. Accessory pigments are involved in the
process of photosynthesis.
(a)Name any two accessory pigments.
24. Write any two differences between Cyclic and (b)Write any one function of accessory
Non-cyclic photophosphorylation. 2021 Model pigment. 2021 Imp.

25. (a) Write the name of two phases of 36. List out any four external factors affecting
Photosynthesis.
(b) Which are the sites of these phases in photosynthesis. 2022 Model
chloroplast ? 2021 Model
37. Plants adapted to dry tropical regions exhibit
C4 pathway.
26. Observe the figure of
Calvin cycle given (a) Name the first CO, acceptor in C, Pathway.
below: (b) Which is the first stable product formed in
(a) Write the name of C Pathway ? 2022 June
three major
events marked as
A, B and C.
(b) Find out the name
of first CO2
acceptor given in
the figure.
2021 Model

27. (a) What is ‘Kranz’ anatomy ?

(b) Write two examples of plants that exhibit
‘Kranz’ anatomy. 2021 Model

28. Light reaction is a process involved in

photosynthesis.
(a) What is light reaction ? 2021 Sept.
(b) Where does it take place ?
29. In some plants that are adapted to dry tropical
region have the C4 pathway.
(a) Name the special type of anatomy seen
in C4 plants.
(b) List out any two plants that shows C4
pathway. 2021 Sept.

30. Write any two events take place in z-scheme of

light reaction. 2021 Sept.

31. The Calvin cycle represents the main events in

Dark reaction. 3 Marks Questions
(a) Name the three main stages of Calvin 1. Light reaction of photosynthesis is divided into
cycle. two processes.In one process the electrons
(b) What is the main product of Calvin emitted will return to the place from where it is
cycle ? 2021 Sept.
emitted.
a) What are the names of these two
32. Calvin cycle or C3 cycle in photosynthesis have processes?
3 stages. b) What happens to the electrons in the
(a)Identify the three stages of Calvin cycle. second phase?
(b)Which is the primary CO2 acceptor in c) Explain it with schematic
Calvin cycle ? 2021 Imp. representation. 2013 Imp.
 Join Now: https://join.hsslive.in/group Downloaded from www.Hsslive.in ®

Chapter 9 - Photosynthesis in Higher Plants 30

2. RuBisCo is an enzyme that catalyse two 9. Arrange the following events in the
entirely different processes. appropriate boxes.
a) Which are the processes? a) Formation of ATP and NADPH2.
b) In which process, chloroplast alone is b) Only photosystem I is functional.
used as cell organelle? c) Formation of ATP only.
c) Label the parts A, B, C, D in the given d) Both photosystern I and photosystem II
diagram. are involved.
e) Splitting of water.
f) No oxygen release.
Cyclic Non-cyclic
photophosphorylation photophosphorylation
2013 Imp.
3. The light reaction of photosynthesis is divided
into two reactions. They are cyclic and non-cyclic 2018 Imp.
photophosphorylation. Mention any three
difference between cyclic and non-cyclic 10.Name and explain the structure of cell organelle
reactions. 2014 Imp. that is involved in photosynthesis.
(Hint : Write four structural features)
4. a) Name the special type of leaf anatomy 2018 Imp.
shown by C4 plants.
b) Illustrate the major advantages of C4 plants 11.Salient features of light reaction and dark
over C3 plants. 2016 March reaction of photosynthesis are given below.
Arrange them in corresponding columns.
5. Photophosphorylation takes place during Take place in Stroma.
photosynthesis. Photochemical phase.
a) Name the types of photophosphorylation. ATP and NADPH are utilised.
b) Distinguish between them. Biosynthetic phase.
(Hint: Any two differences) 2017 Imp. ATP and NADPH are produced.
6. Observe the given figure and describe the Take place in Grana.
process of ATP synthesis Light reaction Dark reaction

2019 Model

12.Diagrammatic representation of Hatch and

Slack pathway is shown below.
Analyse the figure.
2017 Imp.
7. Observe the diagrammatic representation of (a) Name the cells involved
Hatch and Slack pathway given below. in this pathway.
Identify the cells A and B. (b) Identify the special type
Explain the process of of anatomy present in
formation of C4 acid the leaves of C4 pants.
specifying the enzyme (c) Name two plants which
involved. show Hatch and Slack
pathway 2019 Model

13.Transport of electrons through ETS of the

chloroplast results photophosphorylation.
2018 Model Write any three differences between cyclic and
non-cyclic photophosphorylations.
8. Photosynthesis is a process influenced by 2019 Imp.
environmental factors as well as plant factors.
Mention three factors under each category.
2018 March
 Join Now: https://join.hsslive.in/group Downloaded from www.Hsslive.in ®

Chapter 9 - Photosynthesis in Higher Plants 31

14.C4 plants have large cells around the vascular 4 Marks Questions
bundles of leaves called bundle sheath cells.
(a) What is this anatomy called? 1. Light reaction and dark reaction are the two
(b) Write any two features of bundle sheath stages of photosynthesis.
cells. 2020 Model a) Where does light reaction occurs?
15. Melvin Calvin discovered CO2 fixation in green b) What are its end products?
plants. c) Comment on their roles in dark reaction.
2012 Imp.
(a) Which are the three main stages of
Calvin cycle? 2. C4 plants are adapted to overcome a wasteful
(b) Name the enzyme catalysing first stage process found in C3 plants and hence
of this cycle. productivity and yields are better in these
(c) What is the peculiarity of this enzyme? plants.
2020 Imp. a) Name the wasteful process found in C3
plants.
16.Observe the given diagram of LHC. b) Identify the cells involved in C4 pathway.
a) Name the pigment that c) Write any two differences between C3
forms the reaction centre. plants and C4 plants. 2013 March

b) Name any one accessory 3. Light reaction is otherwise called

pigment involved in photophosphorylation.
photosynthesis. a) Justify the statement.
b) Locate the site of this reaction.
c) Mention the function of c) Write any two differences between cyclic
accessory pigment. photophosphorylation and non-cyclic
2022 Model photophosphorylation. 2013 March

17. Write any three differences between cyclic and 4. Plants that are adapted to dry tropical regions
have a special type of CO2 fixation in addition to
non-cyclic photophosphorylation. 2022 June C3 cycle.
a) Name this pathway.
b) Can you identify any speciality in the
leaf anatomy of such plants? If so,
what is this anatomy called?
c) Which is the primary CO2 acceptor in
this pathway?
d) Write any one advantage of such plants
over C3 plants. 2014 March

5. The use of radioactive C14 by Melvin Calvin in

algal photosynthesis studies led to the discovery
of CO2 fixation in green plants.
a) Identify the first stable product in this
CO2 fixation cycle.
b) Which are the three main stages of this
cycle?
c) Workout how many ATP and NADPH
molecules will be required to make
one molecule of glucose. 2014 March

Chapter 10 - Respiration in Plants

3. Out of the four statements given below related
1Mark Questions to respiration, the correct statements are;
i) Though respiration has traditionally been
1. Aerobic respiration and anaerobic respiration considered as a catabolic process, it would
starts with a common pathway. Identify the be better to consider it as an amphibolic
pathway and its end product. pathway.
2012 Imp.
ii) In muscles when oxygen is inadequate, lactic
2. Anaerobic respiration is also occurs in animal acid is reduced to pyruvic acid.
cells. Suggest an occasion for this. 2014 March
iii)When fats are used in respiration, the RQ is
greater than one.
iv)In respiration, the energy of oxydation-
reduction is utilised for phosphorylation.
a) i) and ii) b) ii) and iii)
c) iii) and iv) d) i) and iv)
2015 March
 Join Now: https://join.hsslive.in/group Downloaded from www.Hsslive.in ®

Chapter 10 - Respiration in Plants 32

4. Fill in the blank. 6. Match the following.
The number of carbon atoms in Acetyl co- A B
enzyme A, which take part in Kreb's cycle is _____. a) Somatal closure i) Cytoplasm
2020 March
b) Citric acid ii) Plasticity
5. Fill in the blank. c) Glycolysis iii) Ethylene
The process of breakdown of glucose to
pyruvic acid is called ____________. d) Heterophilly iv) Kreb's cycle
2022 Model
v) ABA
6. Name the process which is common for both
2016 Imp.
aerobic and anaerobic respiration. 2022 June
7. Glycolysis is the common phase in both aerobic
and anaerobic respiration. Where does it take
place and what is the end product of glycolysis?
2017 Imp.

8. The figure showing the pathway of

Tricarboxylic acid cycle is given below. Name
the compound present in the position of A, B, C
and D.

2017 Imp.

9. Certain compounds formed during Kreb's cycle

are given below. Draw Kreb's cycle using the
2 Marks Questions
compounds.
1. Analyze the given statements and correct them
with respect to the underlined words. Succinic acid, Acetyl CoA,
(a) Respiration is an anabolic pathway. a-Ketoglutaric acid, Oxaloacetic acid,
(b) The site of percepton of light by a plant Malic acid, Citric acid
for a photoperodic response is a flower. 2018 Model
2013 March (Chapter 11)
10.Carbohydrates and fats are respiratory
2. Mention the fate of pyruvic acid in respiration. substrates. But their RQ is different. Define RQ.
(Hint : Any two points) 2015 Imp. Write the RQ of these substrates. 2018 Model

3. The following compounds are intermediates in 11.Following figure shows the citric acid cycle.
Glycolysis or in Kreb's cycle. Write them in the
proper column of the table.
Fructose - 6 - phosphate, Citric acid, Identify the steps
Phospho enol pyruvate, Malic acid. where FADH and GTP
Glycolysis Kreb'scycle are synthesized.

2015 Imp.
2018 March
4. "Respiration is an amphiboic pathway"
Evaluate the statement. 2016 March 12.The breakdown of glucose to pyruvic acid is
called glycolysis. Where does it occur in a cell?
5. Fermentation is the incomplete oxidation of
How many ATP molecules are directly
pyruvic acid. Find the difference between two
synthesized during this process? 2018 March
types of fermentations in microorganisms.
2016 March
 Join Now: https://join.hsslive.in/group Downloaded from www.Hsslive.in ®

Chapter 10 - Respiration in Plants 33

13.Observe the following pathways of anaerobic 17.Observe the figure given below.
respiration.
Identify the products
A and B.
Give an example of Name the complex.
organism in which Write its function.
any of these products 2019 March
are formed.
2018 Imp. 18.Write any two differences between aerobic
respiration and anaerobic respiration.
14.Observe the figure given below. 2019 March

19.Match the items of column A with B.

A B
a) Reduction i) Formation of oxygen
b) Photolysis ii) Formation of 3-PGA
c) Photorespiration iii) Formation of PEP
d) Carboxylation iv) Formation of glucose
Formation of
v)
phosphoglycolate
2019 March

20."There are several reasons why plants can get

along without respiratory organs."
Justify the above statement by citing two
reasons. 2019 Imp.
Fill in the blanks
A, B, C and D 21.Glycolysis is the breakdown of glucose into
with pyruvic acid.
appropriate (a) Where does glycolysis occur in a cell ?
terms from the (b) Why is glycolysis a partial oxidation ?
2019 Imp.
box given below.
22.Differentiate lactic acid fermentation from
alcohol fermentation. 2020 Model
Cyt c, Cyt b, FeS, UQ 2018 Imp.
23.In glycolysis, ATP is utilized at two steps only.
15.Observe the equation showing oxidative Write down these two steps. 2020 Model
decarboxylation of pyruvic acid. 24.The first step in respiration is glycolysis.
Mg2+ (a) Define glycolysis.
Pyruvic acid + CoA + NAD  Acetyl CoA + CO2 + (b) Write the site of glycolysis. 2020 March
A NADH + H+
25.Aerobic respiration and anaerobic respiration
(a) Name the enzyme labelled as "A"
are two types of respiration.
(b) Where does this reaction takes place in
(a) What is anaerobic respiration?
cells? 2019 Model
(b) Write the change that occurs to pyruvic
16.Observe the schematic representation of acid in yeast cells. 2020 March
Kreb's cycle given below.
(a)Fill in the blanks 26.Observe the equation given below:
A & B.
C6H12O6 +6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy
(b)Write down the
step where substrate
level phosphorylation (a) Calculate the respitatory quotient of
occur in Kreb'scycle. Glucose from the equation.
2019 Model (b) What is respiratory substrate? 2020 March
 Join Now: https://join.hsslive.in/group Downloaded from www.Hsslive.in ®

Chapter 10 - Respiration in Plants 34

27.Observe the illustration given below and answer 3 Marks Questions
1. Observe the incomplete schematic
the following questions. representation given below and answer the
(a) Identify the cyclic pathway. questions.
Glucose
(b) Write the name of
intermediate compounds ↓
A
marked as A, B & C.
2020 Imp.
↓
Fructose - 6 - phosphate
28.(a) What is fermentation ?
(b) Which are the main products produced as a ↓
result of fermentation in (i) Yeast, Fructose -1, 6 - biphosphate
(ii) Muscles ?
29.Name the products obtained from anaerobic
2021 Model
↓ ↓
Dihydroxy acetone- B

↓
respiration by Yeast. 2021 Sept. phosphate

30.Glycolysis is common in aerobic and anerobic 3- Phosphoglyceric acid

respiration.
(a) What is Glycolysis ?
↓
C
(b) Where does Glycolysis take place ?
2021 Imp. ↓
D
31.Observe the figure of citric acid cycle given
below. Identify (a), (b), (c) and (d) in the figure. ↓
Pyruvic acid
a) Identify this pathway common for both
aerobic and anaerobic respiration
b) Complete the scheme by filling the boxes A,
B, C and D
c) Mention the three ways in which different
cells handle pyruvic acid produced by this
pathway 2012 March
2. Observe the illustration given below and answer
the following questions.
a) Identify the cyclic pathway.
b) Where does it occur?
c) Identify the steps of this
2022 Model pathway in which
32.Define Respiratory Quotient. Write the RQ value decarboxylation takes place.
of Carbohydrate. 2022 June 2012 Imp.

3. Breakdown of glucose in respiration is listed

under glycolysis and Kreb's cycle.
a) Locate the site of glycolysis and Kreb's
cycle in the cell.
b)Glycolysis is a partial oxidation process.
Justify. 2013 March

4. Glycolysis is present in all organisms and it is

the only process of respiration in anaerobic
organisms.
a)What is glycolysis?
b) Where does glycolysis occur?
c) Glycolysis is a partial oxydation. Justify.
d)Calculate the total number of ATP
molecules synthesised in glycolysis by
the partial oxidation of one molecule of
glucose. 2014 March
 Join Now: https://join.hsslive.in/group Downloaded from www.Hsslive.in ®

Chapter 10 - Respiration in Plants 35

5. Two crucial events of aerobic respiration takes 12.Differentiate between aerobic and anaerobic
place in two parts of mitochondria. Locate the respiration.
two parts and mention the two events in one or What are the end products obtained during
two sentences each. 2015 March anaerobic respiration of glucose in yeast
cells ? 2021 Imp.
6. "There are several reasons why plants can get
along without respiratory organs" 13.What are respiratory substrates ? Name any
Justify the statement giving three reasons. two substances used as respiratory
2016 Imp.
substrate in plants. 2021 Imp.
7. Fill up the flow chart of glycolysis given below
using the list of intermediary compounds given 14. Give any three differences between aerobic
in the bracket. respiration and fermentation. 2022 Model
Glucose
↓ 15.Given below is the schematic representation of
................ tricarboxylic acid cycle in respiration.
↓
Fructose - 6 - phosphate
↓
................
↓
Gyceraldehyde - 3 - phosphate DHAP
↓
................
↓
3 Phosphoglyceric acid
↓
................ (a) Identify and write the compounds A and
↓ B in the cycle.
................ (b) Name the scientist who first elucidated
↓ the cycle.
................ (c)Where does tricarboxylic cycle occur?
2022 June
(Phosphoenol pyruvic acid,
Glucose - 6 - phosphate, Pyruvic acid,
Fructose -1,6 - biphosphate, 2 Phosphoglyceric
acid, 1,3 Biphosphoglyceric acid) 2016 Imp.
8. (a) What is Respiratory Quotient (RQ) ?
(b) Write the RQ of (i) Carbohydrate, (ii) Fat.
2021 Model

9. (a) Name the process which is common for

Aerobic and Anaerobic respiration. 4 Marks Questions
(b) Write the site of this process in cell.
1. Observe the given figure and answer the
(c) Write the name of the end product of this
questions.
process. 2021 Model
a) Identify the cycle and name
10.The respiratory quotient depends upon the the scientist who traced the
type of substrate used during respiration. pathway.
(a) Define RQ (Respiratory quotient) b)Complete the cycle by filling
(b) What is the RQ of carbohydrate during A, B, C & D in the boxes.
respiration ? 2021 Sept.
c)How many NADH and
11. What are the differences between aerobic FADH2 are yielded during the complete oxidation
respiration and anaerobic respiration ? of one molecule of pyruvate by this pathway?
2021 Sept. 2012 March
 Join Now: https://join.hsslive.in/group Downloaded from www.Hsslive.in ®

Chapter 10 - Respiration in Plants 36

2. OXidative phosphorylation is an important 6. The complete oxidation of pyruvic acid yields
event in cellular respiration. three molecules of CO2 by a cyclic process in the
a) Which organelle is associated with this matrix of mitochondria.
process? a) Who first develop this cycle?
b) Name the phase of cellular respiration b) Draw a diagrammatic sketch of the
that is common to both aerobic and identified cycle. 2017 March
anaerobic condtion
7. Glycolysis is the partial oxydation of glucose to
c) Draw the schematic representation of
produce two molecules of pyruvic acid.
that phase. 2013 March
a) Where does gycolysis occur?
3. During terminal oxidation, electrons in the b) Steps of glycolysis are given below.
hydrogen atoms are transported to the oxygen Fill up the blank boxes.
through a series of electron carriers in ETS.
The electron carriers are given below;
FMN, FAD, Ubiquinone, FeS, cyt a, cyt b, Glucose
cyt c, cyt a3 etc. ↓
a) Briefly explain ETS with schematic A
representation.
b) Where does ETS occur?
↓B
2013 March

4. Various compounds in the citric acid cycle are

↓C
given below:
(Oxaloacetic acid, Citric acid, Succinyl CoA,
↓
Gyceraldehyde phosphate Dihydroxy acetone phosphate
Pyruvate, Acetyl CoA, Malic acid,
a-ketoglutaric acid, Succinic acid) 2x
↓D
.
a) Arrange them in order and draw a complete
cycle
↓
2 x 3 Phosphoglyceric acid
b) Who traced this cycle?
c) Where does it take place? 2014 Imp.
↓
2x E
5. The metabolic pathway through which electrons ↓
pass from one eletron carrier to another is 2x F
called electron transport system.Some electron ↓
acceptors are given below: 2 x Pyruvic acid 2017 March
(FeS, Cyt b, FMN, FAD, Cyt a, NADH,
Ubiquinone, Cyt c, Cyt a3, H2O)
a) Arrange them in the correct order
b) Name the site of ETS
c) What is the role of O2 in ETS? 2014 Imp.

Chapter 11 - Plant growth and development

1Mark Questions
1. Based on the relationship fill in the blanks. 3. By observing the relationship of the first pair, fill
a) Cell division : Cytokinin in the blanks of the second pair.
Bolting : ______________ a) F.W.Went : Auxins : :
b) Euglena : Protista E.Kurosawa : ...................
Mycoplasma : ______________ (Chapter 1) b) Auxins : Apical dominance : :
2012 Imp. ....................: Overcome apical dominance.
2014 March
2. Suggest the correct scientific term for the
following: 4. In certain plants, a tolerance to various kinds of
a) Flowering on exposure to low stresses such as severe drought can be overcome
temperature by the production of a hormone. Name this
b) Algal partner in lichens hormone. 2014 Imp.
2012 Imp.
 Chapter 11 - Plant growth and development
Join Now: https://join.hsslive.in/group Downloaded from www.Hsslive.in ®

5. Who among the following scientists is related 37

with the identification of cytokinins? 5. Auxin and Gibberellins are two important
a) E.Kurosawa b) F.Skoog growth hormones that control plant growth.
c) C.Darwin d) F.W.Went 2017 March Write any two important functions of each of
6. A simple gaseous Plant Growth Regulator these hormones. 2016 Imp.

(PGR) is............ 2019 Imp. 6 Write any four agricultural applications of

7. Choose the only one growth inhibiting plant ethylene. 2017 March

hormone among the following options: 7. Ethylene is a gaseous hormone. Describe its
(a) ABA (b) NAA four different actions in plants. 2017 Imp.
(c) IAA(d) 2,4-D 2020 Model
8. Write a note on the phenomenon plasticity
8. Name the plant hormone known as ‘Stress exhibited by plants with an example. 2018 March
hormone’. 2021 Model

9. Name the plant hormone which helps to the 9. Analyse the table and fill in the blanks labelled
ripening of fruits. 2021 Sept.
as A and B.
Differentiation _________ A __________
10.Name a gaseous plant hormone.
2021 Imp. Differentiated cell which
have lost capacity to
_____ B_____
divide, regain the capaciy
of division
2 Marks Questions
2019 Model
1. Artificial phytohormones are widely used in
agriculture. 10.Draw the given flow chart in your answer sheet.
a) Name any two artificial phytohormones Fill the blank columns.
b) Mention their importance in agriculture
2012 Imp. AUXINS
2. Match the following:
a) Auxin i) Fruit ripening
↓
Synthetic auxins
↓
Natural auxins
b) Gibberellins ii) Stomatal closure •------------------ •------------------
c) Cytokinins iii) Root initiation •------------------ •------------------
d) Ethylene iv) Bolting 2019 Imp.
v) Overcome apical
dominance 2013 March 11.Many plants show plasticity during their
lifespan.
3. Which one of the plant growth regulators
(a) What is plasticity?
would you use if you are asked to do the
(b) Give one example. 2019 Imp.
following processes?
a) Induce parthenocarpy
12.Ethylene is one of the most widely used Plant
b) Quickly ripen a fruit
Growth Regulator in Agriculture. Write any two
c) Induce immediate stomatal closure in
agricultural applications of ethylene. 2020 Model
leaves
d) To increase the length of grape stalks 13.(a) Write the name of the growth curve seen in
2014 March the given figure.
4. Observe the graph: (b) Write the name of phases marked as
2021 Model
A and B.
The graph represents
the different phases of
growth.
Name the growth curve
and identify the
different phases of
growth represented in
the diagram as (a), (b) and (c) 2014 Imp.
 Join Now: https://join.hsslive.in/group Downloaded from www.Hsslive.in ®

Chapter 11 - Plant growth and development 38

14.Sigmoid curve of growth is a characteristic of 5. a) Identify the odd one from the given list of
living organism growing in natural environment. plant growth regulators.
Write any two phases seen in sigmoid growth i) ABA ii) NAA
2021 Sept. iii) IAA iv) IBA
curve.
b) List some physiological responses of
15.Write any two reasons for seed dormancy ? 2016 March
2021 Imp. gibberellins in plants.
16.Write any two factors for seed dormancy ? 6. Observe the figure given below:
2022 Model a) Source of which plant
hormone is indicated in the
17.Differentiate between long day plants and short
figure?
day plants. 2022 June
b) Write four roles of above
identified hormone.
2018 Model

7. Plant growth regulators can be employed for

various agricultural and horticultural practices.
3 Marks Questions Identify the growth regulators that can be used
1. Given below is the growth curve of a plant. for the following purposes.
Observe it and answer the questions. a) To have weedfree lawns
a) Name the growth curve b) To increase sugarcane length
b)Label (a) and (c) phases of c) Fruitset in pineapples
growth in the growth curve d) Rooting in stem cuttings
c)When the tip of cassava e) Inhibting seed germination 2018 March
plant is lost, a number of f) To promote female flowers in cucumber
lateral branches grow from 8. There are certain seeds which fails to germinate
the nodes below. Explain this phenomenon even under favourable external conditions. This is
and specify the hormone responsible for this. called seed dormancy.
2012 March
a) State any two reasons for seed
2. Given are certain physiological effects. dormancy.
Name the plant hormones responsible for them. b) Suggest two manmade measures for
a) Increase in stem length breaking seed dormancy. 2018 Imp.
b) Apical dominance
c) Closure of stomata 9. Plant growth regulators perform various
d) Ripening of fruits functions in plant body.
e) Bolting a) Name the hormones responsible for
f) Active cell division 2013 Imp. apical dominance and bolting. Define the
phenomena.
3. Apical dominance and bolting are two
b) Which plant hormone is referred to as
physiological phenomena shown by the plants
an antagonist to gibberellic acid. 2019 March
due to the activity of two growth regulators.
i) The growth regulators concerned are;
a) Apical dominance : .............. 10.Some plants require a periodic exposure to
b) Bolting : .................... light to induce flowering :
ii) Distinguish between the two (a) Name the phenomenon.
phenomena. 2015 March
(b) How can we classify plants on the basis
of this phenomenon ?
4. Match the following:
(c) The site of perception of light/dark 
A B
duration for flowering in plants is ........
a) Auxin i) Delay of leaf senescence 2019 Model
b) Gibberellin ii) Promotes senescence
c) Cytokinins iii) Promotes bolting
iv) Apical dominance
2015 Imp.
 Join Now: https://join.hsslive.in/group Downloaded from www.Hsslive.in ®

Chapter 11 - Plant growth and development 39

11.The plant growth regulators are divided into 16.The functions of different Plant Growth
growth promoters and growth inhibitors Regulators(PGR) are given.
(a) Name the three hormones, which are Arrange them into respective coumns.
known as plant growth promoters. •apical dominance
(b) Name the growth inhibitor which is
•bolting
known as stress hormone.
(c) Write any two roles of the above •delay leaf senescence
identified stress hormone.2020 March •rooting of stem cutting
•overcome apical dominance
12.Given below are the names of three plant •increases the length of the stem
growth promoters. Write their main functions. Auxin Gibberellin Cytokinin
(a) Auxin • • •
(b) Gibberellin • • • 2022 Model
2020 Imp.
(c) Cytokinin
17.Given below are certain activities of growth
13. (a)Write the name of plant hormone regulators in plants. Arrange them under
responsible for ripening of fruits. suitable heading in the table provided.
(b)Write any two other functions of this hormone. Initiate rooting in stem cuttings.
2021 Model
Bolting in rosette plants.
14. The various functions of plant growth Apical dominance.
regulaters are given below. Arrange them under Increase length of grape stalks
suitable columns in the table provided. Parthenocarpy in tomatoes.
(i) Intermode elongation of sugarcane. Speed up malting process in brewing
(ii) Promotes cell division. industry
(iii) Bolting Auxin Gibberellin
(iv) Apical dominance • •
(v) Initiate rooting in stem cutting • •
(vi) Overcome apical dominance • •
2022 June

2021 Sept.
15. Plant growth regulators play important roles in
growth promoting and inhibiting activities.
(a) Which hormone is known as stress
hormone ?
(b) Name the hormone which is responsible
for the phenomenon called bolting in
rosette plants ?
(c) Which hormone plays role in apical
dominance of plants ?
2021 Imp.

Compiled by:
Babu G
GHSS Elavally, Thrissur
9495070214