Ganitam Class 3

‘Ganitam’
The World of Mathematics
3
‘Ganitam’
The World of Mathematics

First Edition published in 2022
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II
Preface
‘Ganitam’ – The World of Mathematics
Mathematics builds hope. It helps us believe that every problem has a solution.
Education imparted in classrooms should be linked to life outside school. Hence the
knowledge and skills acquired in school should help children understand the world
around them better, and thereby contribute towards its betterment. This series of
books on Mathematics titled “Ganitam-The World of Mathematics”, has been prepared
with that thought on our minds. The book has been designed in such a way that it
enhances inquisitiveness in children by encouraging them to ask questions and seek
answers rather than just learn what is listed in the books.
The content has been carefully curated, so that it reflects the rich cultural diversity
of our motherland Bharat, enabling the child to intuitively understand the unifying
values that bond the citizens of this great country together. Thus, the book will help a
child gain various skills required for the 21st century and be a universal citizen with a
passion for following Indian values.
The core content of the book originates from the Vedas which provide the key
concepts of Mathematics. For example, the sutra (Ekaadhikena Purvena)
indicates an interesting mathematical application. Great ancient Indian scholars like
Acharya Aryabhatta, Brahmagupta, Bhaskaracharya, Pingala, Mahavira, and more
contemporary ones like Srinivasa Ramanujan along with their counterparts from
other parts of the world, have further developed this body of knowledge. Numerous
teachers from the DAV Group of Schools, with their decades of rich experience, have
compiled the existing knowledge in a child-friendly form.
Therefore, there is no copyright on the content of this book. One can seek permission
and print all or only certain chapters of the book. However, no unauthorized
modification is permitted in any chapter. Considering the social orientation of the
organization, we have consciously ensured that cost of the textbook is affordable
III
without compromising on the quality of paper/print. Also, the e-copy of the entire book
will always be downloadable for free from our website – davchennai.org/publications.
This is the first version of the book and could contain not only omissions, but also areas
of improvement. We request the reader to excuse us for the omissions, but please
do bring to our notice any feedback for correction and improvement in subsequent
versions. We will remain grateful to you for your support and feedback.
Lastly, before signing off, we would like to express our profound gratitude to God
Almighty for the guidance and encouragement in this endeavour. As the great
mathematician, Srinivasa Ramanujan, rightly said - “An equation for me has no
meaning unless it expresses a thought of God.”
Chennai | May 2022
Dr. V Padma
Dean – Academic Research & E-Shiksha
IV
Acknowledgements
Lead Content Developer
Smt. S. Charumathy B.Sc., B.Ed.,
Headmistress, D A V Girls Sr. Sec. School, Gopalapuram, Chennai-86.
Content Developers/Editors
Smt. Mercy Jecyntha. J M.Sc., B.Ed.,
Smt. Padma.S M.Sc., M.Ed.,
Kum. Sumathi.S B.Sc. M.A., B.Ed.,
Smt. Sumathi.T M.Sc. B.Ed.,
Editing and Technical Support
Smt. Dhatri.Y B.E., NTT
Ms. Hamsavani Raman
Mrs. Nandhini Srivatsan
Smt. Vinodhini. J B.Sc (Visual Communication)
Compuprint, Premier Design and Print House. Chennai-86
V
The Learning Tree
CRITICAL THINKING
COMMUNICATION
CO-OPERATION
COLLABORATION
PROBLEM SOLVING
CREATIVITY
PATRIOTISM SPIRITUALITY
COMPASSION
EMOTIONAL STABILITY
LEADERSHIP HOME
PEACE
SCHOOL
COUNTRY
CULTURE VALUES ETHICS
SELF-CONTROL
KNOWLEDGE
PRESEVERENCE
HUMANENESS
VI
Contents
Chapter 1 – NUMBERS 1-23
Four digit numbers, Place value and Face value, Expanded form and Standard form,
Successor and Predecessor, Skip counting, Comparison of Numbers, Ascending and
Descending order, Forming the greatest and the smallest 4 digit numbers, Odd and
Even numbers, Sudoku.
Highlights: Arts Integrated learning, HOTS (Higher Order Thinking Skills), Lab Activity,
Sudoku.
Chapter 2 – ADDITION 24-38
Adding up to 4 digit numbers with and without regrouping, Properties of Addition,
Applications in real life.
Highlights: Arts Integrated learning, Fun Activity, HOTS (Higher Order Thinking Skills),
Puzzle, Value-Based Questions.
Chapter 3 – SUBTRACTION 39-54
Subtraction up to 4 digit numbers, Properties of Subtraction, Combined operations,
Applications in real life.
Highlights: Experiential learning, HOTS (Higher Order Thinking Skills), Lab Activity,
Puzzle, Value-Based Questions, Vedic Maths.
Chapter 4 – MULTIPLICATION 55-73
Multiplication as repeated addition, Properties of multiplication, Multiplication up to
3 digit numbers by a 1 digit number, 2 digit number by a 2 digit number, multiplication
by 10, 100, 1000. Square numbers, Applications in real life.
Highlights: Arts Integrated learning, Experiential learning, HOTS (Higher Order
Thinking Skills), Puzzle, Value-Based Questions.
Chapter 5 – SHAPES AND PATTERNS 74-90
Plane figures, Faces, Edges, Corners of Solid shapes, Shapes that can roll, slide or both,
Patterns in shapes and numbers, Tiling patterns.
Highlights: Experiential learning, HOTS (Higher Order Thinking Skills), Social skills.
Chapter 6 – DIVISION-I 91-109
Division by equally sharing and grouping, Division as repeated subtraction, Division
and Multiplication facts, Properties of Division, Application in real life.
Highlights: Arts Integrated learning, Experiential learning, HOTS (Higher Order
Thinking Skills), Lab Activity, Value-Based Questions.
VII
Chapter 7 – DIVISION-II 110-122
Short division method using tables, Long division of a 2 digit number by a 1 digit number
and 3 digit number by a 1 digit number, Division by 10, 100, 1000. Applications in real
life.
Highlights: Arts Integrated learning, HOTS (Higher Order Thinking Skills), Puzzle, Value-
Based Questions.
Chapter 8 – FRACTIONS 123-141

Part of a whole or a collection, Writing a fraction, Numerator and Denominator of a
fraction, Find the value of and Application in real life.
Highlights: Arts Integrated learning, HOTS (Higher Order Thinking Skills), Lab Activity,
Value-Based Questions.
Chapter 9 – MONEY 142-160

Expressing money in words and figures, Conversion of rupees into paise and vice-
versa, Addition and subtraction of money, Preparing a Bill, Application in real life.
Highlights: Experiential learning, HOTS (Higher Order Thinking Skills), Social skills,
Value-Based Questions.
Chapter 10 – TIME 161-180

Reading the time, Writing the time in 2 ways, Writing the time with a.m or p.m, Time
before and After, Calendar, Applications in real life
Highlights: Arts Integrated learning, HOTS (Higher Order Thinking Skills), Lab Activity.
Chapter 11– MEASUREMENT 181-193

Comparing the size of the objects without actual measurements, Units of length,
weight, and capacity, Conversion of Units, and Application in real life.
Highlights: Experiential learning, HOTS (Higher Order Thinking Skills) Value-Based
Questions.
Chapter 12 –HANDLING DATA 194-204
Tabulating the data, Interpret the data represented in a pictograph, To represent the
data using a pictograph.
Highlights: Experiential learning, HOTS (Higher Order Thinking Skills), Value-Based
Questions.
VIII
Numbers
L EA RN I NG O utcomes
At the end of this lesson, children will be able to:
• Read and write 4 digit numbers
• Use place values to learn expanded form and standard form of 4 digit numbers.
• Compare numbers and arrange them in ascending and descending order.
• Form the smallest and the greatest numbers with the given digits.
• Differentiate between odd and even numbers
WA RM U P:
It was a Sunday morning. Tharun and Maya were watering the plants in their garden
along with their Nana [grandfather in Hindi].
Tharun sings
‘Little drops of water
make
a mighty ocean!’
1
Tharun, can we relate this to
numbers too.
You are right Maya! When

we put 10 ones together
we get 1 ten. When we put
10 tens together we get 1
hundred!
Nana… Can you please Nana : Let me use

explain this a little more. these blocks to make
it more clear.
Nana explains the concept of building numbers to his grandchildren, Tharun and Maya
with the help of blocks and rods.
=
• 10 tens make 1 hundred.
2
1. Write the numbers and number names.
a] 7 hundreds + 2 tens + 5 ones = _____________________

b] 2 hundreds + 4 ones = _____________________
c] 3 hundreds + 6 tens = _____________________
2. Write the face value and place value of the coloured digits.
a] 456
Face value = ____ Place value = ____
b] 670
c] 812
3. Write the expanded form.
a] 283 = ____ + ____ + ____
b] 309 = _____+ _____+ _____
c] 450 = _____ + ____+ _____
4. Write in standard form.
a ] 2 tens + 8 ones = ____
b] 4 hundreds + 9 tens + 3 ones = ____
c] 5 tens + 7 hundreds + 6 ones = ____
Asha, a Class 3 student and her Amma [mother in Tamil] always spend their evenings
together by reading books.
Amma: Asha… I have finished reading 999 pages of this book.
Asha: That is great Amma! So, you are moving to page number 1000 now! Let me
see……
[Asha peeps into the book]
Amma [ smiling]: What is special about the number
999 Asha?
Asha: 999 is the greatest 3 digit number, is it not
Amma?
Amma : Yes you are right ! What about 1000 then?
Asha: 1000 is the smallest 4 digit number!
Amma: Good!
3
10 tens = 1 hundred
=
10 hundreds = 1 thousand
FORMING 4 DIGIT NUMBERS
2 thousands + 4 hundreds + 6 tens + 8 ones = 2,468

"A comma", separates the thousands place from the other digits in a 4 digit number.
4
Reading 4 digit numbers
[a] 3,415
3 4 15
Three four fifteen

Thousand hundred
[b] 7,268
7 2 68
Seven two sixty eight

Thousand hundred
P L AC E VA LUE CHA RT
Thousands Hundreds Tens Ones
Thousands Hundreds Tens Ones

[ Th ] [H] [T] [ O]
Examples
1. Write the number names
a] 1,365 – One thousand three hundred sixty five.
b] 2,098 –
c] 4,720 –
d] 3,003 –
e] 6,904 –
2. Write the numerals

a] Five thousand five – 5,005
b] Seven thousand eight hundred –
c] Eight thousand fifteen –
d] Three thousand four hundred sixty –
e] Nine thousand two hundred two –
5
Representing 4 digit numbers on the Abacus
Number: 3,245
Number name: Three thousand two hundred forty five
Number: 4,057
Number name: Four thousand fifty seven.
1. There are around 6,500 languages spoken in the world.
2. The height of Mount Everest is 8,848 metres.
3. The number of couplets in the world famous Tamil book “Thirukural”
is 1330.
EXERCISE 1
1. Write the number names.
a] 4,837 – __________________________
b] 2,098 – ___________________________
c] 1,240 – ___________________________
d] 5,805 – ___________________________
e] 6,600 – ____________________________
2. Write the numerals.
a] Seven thousand two hundred thirty five –
b] Three thousand thirty six –
c] One thousand one hundred eleven –
d] Eight thousand three hundred eighty –
e] Nine thousand nine –
6
Do You
Know?
THE GREATEST 4 DIGIT NUMBER 9 9 9 9

THE SMALLEST 4 DIGIT NUMBER 1 0 0 0
3. Write down the numbers
a] Greatest 2 digit number = ______
b] Greatest 3 digit number = ______
c] Smallest 2 digit number = ______
d] Smallest 3 digit number = _____
4. Colour the boxes which have 4 digit numbers
One thousand one Nine hundred twenty four
Four thousand ten 700 + 8
5. Show the given numbers on the Abacus. Write the number name
a] 5,063
TH H T O
b] 4,708
TH H T O
7
c] 7006
TH H T O

d] 9513
TH H T O
6. Higher Order Thinking Skills

a] Find the sum of the greatest 3 digit number and the smallest 4 digit
number.
b] Find the difference between the greatest 4 digit number and the smallest
2 digit number
PLACE, FACE VALUE AND PLACE VALUE OF ALL THE DIGITS IN A FOUR DIGIT NUMBER
TH H T O
9 4 3 6
• The actual value of a digit in a number is called its face value.
• The face value of a digit remains the same as the number.
• The position of a digit in a number is called its place.
• The place value of a digit in a number is related to the value of its position.
8
Example
Consider the four digit number 6294
6 is in thousands place
Face value of 6 is 6
Place value of 6 is 6 thousands = 6,000
2 is in hundreds place
Place value of 2 is 2 hundreds = 200
9 is in tens place
Place value of 9 is 9 tens = 90
4 is in ones place
Place value of 4 is 4 ones= 4
6 2 9 4
4 ones = 4
9 tens = 90
2 hundreds = 200
6 thousands = 6000
EXPANDED FORM
The expanded form of the 4 digit number 2378 is:
2378 = 2 thousands + 3 hundreds + 7 tens + 8 ones
= 2,000 + 300 + 70 +8
Think
Which number has the same place value in all the places?
Ans: ______________
9
EXERCISE 2
1. Write down the face value (F.V) and the place value (P.V) of the coloured digits
a] 8210 F.V = ____ P. V = ____
b] 3989 F.V = ____ P.V = _____
c] 6734 F.V = ____ P.V = ____
d] 4652 F.V = ____ P.V = ____
2. Write the expanded form
a] 3104 = _______+ _______+ _______ + _______
b] 4397 = _______+ _______+ _______ + _______
c] 9690 = _______+ _______+ _______ + _______
d] 2058 = _______+ _______+ _______ + _______
3. Write the standard form
a] 3000 + 200 + 10 + 4 = __________
b] 5 thousands + 2 hundreds + 5 tens + 6 ones = _____________
c] 2000 + 40 + 8 = _________
d] 6000 + 300 = __________
Do you know?
50 ones = 50; 50 tens = 500; 50 hundreds = 5000
500 ones = 500; 500 tens = 5000
Higher Order Thinking Skills:
1. Choose the correct numbers from the box given below and fill in the blanks
50 800 3900 30
6 6007 2000
a] 300 tens + 9 hundreds = _________
b] 60 hundreds + 7 ones = ________
c] 800 + 4 hundreds + 80 tens = ______
d] 2 hundreds + ______ tens = 700
e] 1 thousand + ______ tens = 9000
f] ______ hundreds + ______ ones = Three thousand six
10
SUCCESSOR AND PREDECESSOR
« The successor of a given number is the number that is one more than it.
For example,
a] the successor of 4596 is 4597
b] the successor of 6000 is 6001
c] the successor of 1999 is 2000
« The predecessor of a given number is the number that is one less than it.
For example,
a] the predecessor of 3219 is 3218
b] the predecessor of 8500 is 8499
c] the predecessor of 4000 is 3999
Do you know?
The predecessor of the successor of any number is the same number !
« NUMBER SERIES
Learn to write the numbers in order
a] 2463, 2464, 2465, 2466, 2467, 2468
b] 1677, 1678, 1679, 1680, 1681, 1682
c] 4996, 4997, 4998, 4999, 5000, 5001
d] 8765, _______, 8767, _______, _______, _______
e] 9099, _______, _______, _______, 9103, _______
f] 4011, _______, _______, 4014, _______, _______
11
EXERCISE 3
1] Write the successor of
a] 4569, ________ b] 9090, _______
c] 2021, _______ d] 8500, _______
2] Write the predecessor of
a] ________, 2323 b] ________, 4004
c] _______, 5000 d] _______, 6970
3] Complete the series

a] 3456, ______, 3458, ______, ______, ______
b] 5008, ______, ______, ______, 5012, ______
c] 7777, ______, ______, ______, ______, 7782.
d] ______, ______, 9011, ______, 9013, ______
Higher Order Thinking Skills:

1] The successor of the greatest 3 digit number has _______ digits.
2] The predecessor of the smallest 4 digit number has _______ digits.
3] Find the sum of the predecessor of the greatest 2 digit number and the
successor of the smallest 2 digit number.
4] Find the difference between the smallest 3 digit number and the greatest 4 digit
number.
5] Which number comes between 56 hundreds + 57 ones and the predecessor of
5660?
COMPARING NUMBERS
Ooty is 2240 m above the sea level
Shimla is 2276 m above the sea level
2240 < 2276
12
• When two numbers are compared the value depends on the number of digits in
each number.
A three digit number is always less than a

four digit number. For example 990 < 1235
• Now let us see how 2 four digit numbers are compared.

• Firstly, the digits in the highest place Examples:
i.e thousands places are to be checked. 6589 > 4178
• If both have the same value then the digits in hundreds places 6589 > 6178
are to be checked.
• If those values too are the same then the digits in tens places are 6528 > 6518
to be checked.
• If the digits in thousands, hundreds and tens places are same then 6528 > 6527
the digits in ones places are to be checked.
EXERCISE 4
1. Circle the smallest number
a] 2098 ; 2980 ; 2089 ; 2890
b] 4567 ; 5291 ; 125 ; 8129
c] 324 ; 2345 ; 3425 ; 2543
2. Circle the largest number

a] 743 ; 3437 ; 7434 ; 3734
b] 9400 ; 3800 ; 2600 ; 5708
c] 3021 ; 3452 ; 3210 ; 3425
3. Compare the given numbers using the signs < , > and =
a] 512 4512 b] 4898 4897
c] 8080 8808 d] 5656 6565
e] 7170 2102 f] 6982 982
13
g] 4366 6343 h] 1110 1010
i] 60 hundreds 6000 j] 8 hundreds 7,647
k] 560 ones 5 hundreds + 6 tens + 6 ones
l] 20 tens + 40 hundreds 4002
ASCENDING ORDER AND DESCENDING ORDER

«

When numbers are written from the smallest to the greatest, they are said to
be in ASCENDING ORDER
« When

numbers are written from the greatest to the smallest, they are said to
be in DESCENDING ORDER
EXAMPLE:
The lengths of the rivers flowing in India [ in km] are given below.
GANGES-2510 KM INDUS – 3180 KM KRISHNA – 1400 KM KAVERI-805 KM
Ascending Order
805 km < 1400 km < 2510 km < 3180 km
Descending Order
3180 km > 2510 km > 1400 km > 805 km
14
EXERCISE 5
1. Rewrite the numbers in ascending order
a] 1345 ; 3242 ; 2343 ; 1343 ______________________________
b] 9090 ; 9990 ; 990 ; 9999 ______________________________
c] 2678 ; 2763 ; 2999 ; 2343 ______________________________
d] 1010 ; 1110 ; 1011 ; 1111 ______________________________
2. Rewrite the numbers in descending order

a] 4566 ; 4567 ; 6745 ; 7456 _______________________________
b] 9011 ; 1109 ; 9019 ; 1009 _______________________________
c] 8383 ; 3838 ; 8833 ; 3888 _______________________________
d] 6123 ; 8212 ; 4092 ; 7127 ______________________________
FORMING FOUR DIGIT NUMBERS

EXAMPLE :
3 7 5 8
The greatest number that can be formed using these digits is 8,753.
The smallest number that can be formed using these digits is 3,578.
«

To form the greatest four digit number, the given digits are written in
descending order.
«

To form the smallest four digit number, the given digits are written in
ascending order
However, if one of the digits is 0, the smallest digit comes first followed by 0 and
then the rest of the digits in ascending order.
If ‘0’ is written first, then the resulting number would be a 3 digit number.
15
EXAMPLE :
9 0 4 1
From the given digits
The smallest four digit number formed is 1,049

The greatest four digit number formed is 9,410
Think
While forming smallest 4 digit number with one zero,
0 should be in the _____ place.
[ones / tens/ hundreds/ thousands]
EXERCISE 6
1. Form the greatest and the smallest 4 digit numbers using the given digits.
GREATEST NUMBER SMALLEST NUMBER
a] 2, 1, 0, 6 _______________ ______________
b] 7, 0, 3, 9 _______________ ______________
c] 4, 5 , 6, 8 _______________ ______________
d] 6, 7, 5, 0 _______________ ______________
e] 5, 8, 7, 1 _______________ ______________
f] 3, 9, 4, 5 _______________ ______________
2. If the smallest possible 4 digit number formed is 3056, then the greatest possible
4 digit number formed with the same digits is ____________.
3. Form the greatest and the smallest 4 digit numbers using the digits 9, 0, 3 and 8.
Also find their (i) sum and (ii) difference.
16
EVEN NUMBERS AND ODD NUMBERS
«
Numbers that can be put in pairs are called even numbers.
If the ones place is 0, 2, 4, 6 or 8 then the number is an Even number.
«
Numbers that cannot be put in pairs are called odd numbers.
If the ones place is 1, 3, 5, 7 or 9 then the number is an Odd number.
4 – even number
7 – odd number
• The year I was born is ______.

It is an _____ number.
• My age is ____.
It is an ______ number.
• We study in Class ___.

It is an ______ number.
• My roll number is _____.

It is an ____ number.
• Nethaji Subhas Chandra Bose was born in the year _____.

It is an ____ number.
EASY WAY TO REMEMBER !
EV EN OD D
17
Read the given passage and pick the odd/ even numbers. Write them in the suitable
columns given below.
Our country India is well known for its rich and varied culture. Ruled by the British
for almost 200 years we got our freedom in the year 1947. We have a population
of nearly 137 crores. India is home to 7 major mountain ranges and more than 450
rivers. India’s coastline is around 7516 km. We have 29 states. There are 23 official
spoken languages in India and 2 official classical languages, namely Sanskrit and Tamil.
I am proud to be an Indian!
Odd Numbers Even Numbers
«
The sum of an odd number and an even number is always an odd number.
Ex: 7 + 10 = ________ [ _______ number]
«

The difference between an odd number and an even number is always an odd
number.
Ex : 13 - 2 = _______ [ _________ number ]
18
«
The product of an odd number and an even number is always an even
number.
Ex: 5 x 8 = _________ [ _________ number ]
« The greatest 4 digit even number is 9998.

« The smallest 4 digit odd number is 1001.
EXERCISE 7
1. Find the sum of the greatest 2 digit even number and the smallest 3 digit odd
number.
2. List all odd numbers between 2010 and 2040.
3. List all even numbers between 4479 and 4511.
4. The difference between two consecutive odd numbers is _____________.
L et ’ s P ractise
1. Write the number names
a] 5490 – ________________________________________
b] 2038 – ________________________________________
c] 1203 – ________________________________________
d] 9005 –_________________________________________
2. Write the numerals.
a] Two thousand six hundred forty six - _______
b] Five thousand two hundred nine - ________
c] Six thousand fifty seven - _______
d] Three thousand twelve - ______
3. Write the face value and place value of the coloured digits
Face value Place value
a] 4903 _________ _________
b] 2490 _________ _________
c] 1715 _________ _________
d] 2078 _________ _________
e] 4537 _________ _________
19
4. Fill in the blanks
a] 2309 = _____ + 300 + ___ + 9
b] 7842 = 7000 + 800 + ___ + ___
c] 3007 = ____ + ____ + ____ + 7
d] 4096 = 4000 + ___ + ____ + 6
5. Write the standard form
a] 1000 + 2000 + 300 + 6 = ______
b] 5 hundreds + 4 thousands + 2 hundreds + 7 ones = ______
c] 8 thousands + _____ + 5 tens + 8 ones = 8758
d] 9 tens + 1 thousand + 2 ones+ 4 hundreds = ______
e] 3000 + 400 + 200 + 3 = ______
f] 2000 + 7000 + 100 + 200 + 50 = ______
6. Compare the given numbers using the signs < , > and =
a] 6543 876 b] 9092 2929 c] 490 + 25 4925
d] 5656 5656 e] 1010 1110 f] 2460 – 60 2400
Predecessor Number Successor
a] _________ 4564 _________
b] 9378 _________ 9380
c] _________ 2021 _________
d] _________ _________ 1920
e] _________ 6499 _________
8. Arrange the given numbers in ascending order (A.O) and descending order (D.O.)
a] 8906, 8069, 9086, 6908
A.O ________________________________
D. O ________________________________
b] 4020, 420, 2020, 2044
A.O _____________________________________
D.O ______________________________________
20
c] 1717, 7171, 7717, 1771
A.O ___________________________________
D.O ___________________________________
9. Use the given digits to make the smallest and the greatest 4 digit numbers.
Greatest number Smallest number
a] 3,2,1,6
b] 9,0,3,8
c] 4, 5, 0,7
d] 1,0,4,0
10. Use the digits 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8 and 9 to form
a] the smallest 4 digit number in which all the digits are different
b] the greatest 4 digit number in which all the digits are different
11. Colour the boxes with even numbers in red and the boxes with odd numbers in
blue
83 976 1234 4378 890
5690 44 465 8732 821
7777 8456 907 6161 50
1239 3120 4562 7873 7379
12. Choose the correct answer.
1. Which number has the place value of 3 as in 300?
a) 137 b) 3715 c) 4387 d) 4231
2. Which of the following is equal to 542?
a) 5 + 4 + 2 b) 500 + 40 + 2 c) 500 plus 4 ones
d) 5 hundreds + 2 tens + 4 ones
3. The successor the greatest 3 digit number is ______
a) 999 b] 909 c) 100 d) the smallest 4 digit number
4. 1 less than 8389 is
a) 8388 b) 8390 c) 8839 d) 8398
21
5. 100 more than 6340 is
a) 6341 b) 7340 c) 5340 d) 6440
6. The place value of 0 in 4905 is __________
a) 0 b) 10 c) 100 d) 1000
LAB ACTIVITY:
The children in the class are divided into equal groups.

A pack of number cards consisting 4 different digits (0-9) is given to each group.
children are asked to make
a] the greatest possible 4 digit number
b] the smallest possible 4 digit number
c] check whether [a] and [b] are odd / even
d] write down the successor and predecessor of [a] and [b]
e] find the sum and difference of [a] and [b]
Fun with numbers

SUDOKU [ 5 x 5 grid ]
Fill the empty boxes with the digits 1,2,3,4 and 5 in such a way that each row and each
column of the grid has all the digits.
1)
1 3 5
5 2
2 4 1
1 3 4
3 4 1
22
2) 4
5 1 3
1 5
2 5 4
5 3
4 1
3)
5 2 3
5 1 2
1 5
3 5
Art integration – Activity

Colour the petals with suitable shades.
1] Use red colour for the number which has the digit 5 in Tens place.
2] Use yellow colour for the number which lies between 8459 and 8461.
3] Use blue colour for the successor of the greatest 4 digit even number.
4] Use orange colour for the number which is 100 more than 4939.
5] Use green colour for 888 tens plus 8 ones.
6] Use purple colour for the number which has the place value of 7 as in 700.
5039
9999 8654
8460
8888 1734
23
Addition
Learning Outcomes
• Add numbers up to 4 digit with and without regrouping.
• Understand the properties of addition.
• Apply the skill of addition to solve real-life problems.
Wa r m - u p
Akshay and Arthi love to read books. They have various collection of books with
them.
I have 89 story
books and 15
puzzle books.
Akshay
Akshay has ______ books in all
I have 75 story
books and 33
puzzle books.
Arthi
Arthi has ______ books
My grandchildren are
fond of reading books.
Akshay and Arthi have _______ books altogether.

24
L oo k i n g b a c k
1. Add the following. Regroup if needed
a) 5 4 b) 3 6 c) d)
9 0 8 2 1 3
2 1 4 8
7 1 6 5 7
e) 4 2 5 f) 7 6 8 g) 6 2 7 h) 5 3 4
+ 3 9 1 + 1 8 9 + 1 5 0 + 2 9 8
______ ______ ______ ______
______ ______ ______ ______
2. a) There are 456 yellow marigolds and 380 white marigolds in a garden.
How many marigolds are there in the garden?
Ans: __________________________________________
b) Chandrima collected 259 marbles, while Ragu collected 107 marbles.

How many marbles do they have altogether?
Ans: __________________________________________
➢ Finding the total or sum by combining two or more numbers is called addition.
➢ The numbers that are added are called addends.
Adding 4 digit numbers

E x a m p l e 1: 2325 + 3112
Th H T O
2 3 2 5
Th H T O
3 1 1 2
Step 1 : Add the digits in ones place

Step 2 : Add the tens
Step 3 : Add the hundreds
Step 4 : Add the thousands
25
Th H T O
2 3 2 5
+
3 1 1 2
5 4 3 7
E x a m p l e 2: Find the sum of 4629 and 2523
Th H T O
4 6 2 9
Th H T O
2 5 2 3
Th H T O
Step 1 : Add the ones
1 1 9 + 3 = 12 ones
+ 4 6 2 9 12 ones = 1 ten + 2 ones
2 5 2 3
Step 2 : Add the tens
7 1 5 2
1 + 2 + 2 = 5 tens
Step 3 : Add the hundreds

6 + 5 = 11
11 hundreds = 1 thousand + 1 hundred
Step 4 : Add the thousands

1 + 4 + 2 = 7
26
Exercise 1
1. Add
a) 4 2 6 7 b) 8 3 4 9 c) 5 0 2 4 d) 1 9 8 0
+ 5 1 0 + 7 8 6 + 3 6 1 5 + 4 3 9 2
e) 2 4 4 6 f) 3 5 1 8 g) 4 6 7 3 h) 6 2 6 1
+ 7 0 9 7 + 1 8 2 5 + 2 3 5 7 + 1 9 7 4

i) 5 2 0 2 j) 6 1 3 4 k) 7 8 5 l) 2 3 1 7
4 8 3 9 2 1 3 0 4 6 1 3 2 4
+ 7 9 + 2 5 0 5 + 5 4 1 0 + 5 4 5 2
2. Arrange and add

a) 630 + 578 b) 5043 + 698 c) 4892 + 1107
d) 2536 + 3984 e) 3672 + 891 + 2045 f) 4182 + 99 + 673
27
Properties of addition
Somu the postmaster usually segregates
the postcards that he has to deliver on each
day.
On a particular day he had 29 postcards to
be delivered in place A.
There were no postcards to be delivered in
place B.
How many postcards did he have to deliver
in place A and B together?
29 + 0 = 29
Additive property of zero

The sum of any number and 0 is the number itself.
Next day Somu had 29 postcards to be delivered in

place B,one postcard in place C and 10 postcards in
place D.
How many postcards had he to deliver in the places
B and C?
29 + 1 = 30
When 1 is added to a number the sum is its

successor.
Finally he got 10 postcards which must be delivered in place D.

How many postcards does he have to deliver in all on that day?
30 + 10 = 40
otherwise 10 + 30 = 40
Order property
When we change the order of numbers that are added, the sum
does not change.
28
Exercise 2
Fill in the blanks using the properties of addition.
a) 258 + 0 = _____
b) 1 + 379 = _____
c) 5789 + 3164 = ______ + 5789
d) 463 + _____ = 463
e) 999 + _____ = 1000
f) 0 + 801 = _____
g) _____ + 2674 = 6035 + ______
h) 1176 + _____ + 7887 = 351 + 1176 + _____
i) 9599 + _____ = 9600
j) ______ + 0 = 4095
Find the numbers!

If you add us both you get 1000.
The difference between us is also 1000.
Applications in Real-life
The village head plans to find the number of people living
in that village. On the first day of his survey he found that
3118 men and 2967 women lived in the village.
Find the number of people surveyed at the end of first
day.
1 1
Number of men = 3 1 1 8
Number of women = + 2 9 6 7
Number of people = 6 0 8 5
29
On the second day, he found that there were 1453 children in the village.
Help him to find the total number of people in the village.
Number of men and women = 6 0 8 5
Number of children = + 1 4 5 3
Exercise 3
Applications in real-life (story sums).

1) Out of the total number of students enrolled for the
exam, 5236 students appeared and 1892 did not
appear. Find how many students enrolled for the
examination.
2) There are 2047 bees in the hive. There are also 693
bees exploring outside. How many bees are there in
all?
3) A man plucked 375 apples from one tree, 504 apples

from the second tree and 229 apples from the third
tree. Find the total number of apples plucked from the
trees.
4) In a pond, there are 1035 white lotus. The number

of pink lotus is 769 more than the white lotus. How
many pink lotus are there in the pond?
30
Mental Skills
Stamp collecting is an interesting hobby. Ishaan, Daksha, Lohit and
Bhavya are interested in collecting stamps.
People who collect / study about

stamps
are called Philatelists.
One fine day, they all planned to count the stamps which they had collected.
Ishaan said that he has one more than the greatest 3 digit number.
How many stamps does Ishaan have?

999 + 1 = 1000
Daksha said that she has 10 more than the smallest 4 digit number.
How many stamps has Daksha collected?

1000 + 10 = 1010
Lohit found that he has collected 100 more than 845.
How many stamps are there with Lohit?

845 + 100 = 945
Bhavya has 1000 more stamps than the greatest 2 digit number.
How many stamps are collected by Bhavya?

99 + 1000 = 1099
31
Use your addition skills to find the
value of each fruit.
Exercise 4
What is :
1) 1 more than 2) 10 more than
a) 2675 _______ a) 1657 _______
b) 9499 _______ b) 8011 _______
c) 3000 _______ c) 6004 _______
d) 4999 _______ d) 2398 _______
e) 6722 _______ e) 4991 _______
3) 100 more than

a) 5891 _______
b) 7122 _______
c) 4069 _______
d) 2918 _______ I am a four digit number.
You can find me by finding
e) 6999 _______
the sum of greatest 3-digit
4) 1000 more than odd number and smallest
1-digit odd number.
a) 3764 _______
b) 1027 _______
c) 7909 _______
d) 531 _______
e) 999 _______
32
Exercise 5
1. Let’s Practise
a) Find the sum of 786 and 3915
b) If A = 417, B = 92 and C = 3086 then find A + B + C.
c) Find the double of 2456 by addition.
d) What is 850 more than 4675?
e) What is 2500 more than six thousand ninety?
f) Find the sum of the place values of 5 in 5951.
g) Arrange and add 4432, 299 and 1781
h) Add 3058 to 2613
i) What is 6 tens more than 7385?
Time to think!
Do not add. Use your understanding of numbers to answer.
348 169 452 740
a) Which two numbers will give a 4 digit sum? _________ and _________
b) Which two numbers have a sum of 800? ________ and ___________
c) Which two numbers when added will have ‘7’ in the ones place?
____________ and ___________
2. Choose the correct answer

a) 7654 + ______ = 7654
i) 1 ii) 0 iii) 10 iv) 100
b) If 3029 + 2637 is 5666, then 2637 + 3029 is ______
i) > 5666 ii) < 5666 iii) = 5666 iv) 6666
c) The sum of 8143 and 3 hundreds is ______
i) 8443 ii) 8146 iii) 8173 iv) 8476
d) 2145 added to _______ will give 2575
i) 400 ii) 475 iii) 430 iv) 405
33
e) Which of the following numbers could be the sum of 6 hundreds and a
2 digit number?
i) 609 ii) 7 hundreds iii) 719 iv) 619
a) 1000 more than 4515 is _____
b) 6 tens more than 2379 is _____
c) 100 more than the greatest 3 digit number is ____
d) If 3463 + 537 = 4000, then 537 + 3463 = _____
e) _____ added to a number gives its successor.
f) The sum of the smallest 4 digit number and greatest 3 digit number is _____.
g) _____ is 10 more than 6281.
h) If ( 274 + 356 ) + 1370 = 2000, then 356 + ( 274 + 1370) = ____
4. Add
a) 8 7 5 6 b) 5 0 6 4 c) 3 2 2 8 d) 1 6 1 5
+ 9 8 + 4 5 9 + 6 1 7 0 + 4 3 2 7
e) 2 6 3 4 f) 3 2 4 5 g) 4 7 7 1 h) 2 5 1 1
+ 4 2 0 1 + 2 6 7 8 + 3 8 6 9 + 5 5 8 5
i) 7 7 9 j) 9 9 0 k) 3 4 8 2 l) 4 0 8 1
+ 1 6 5 + 2 4 6 4 + 5 4 1 + 2 4 6 7
3 0 8 7 3 1 0 6 5 1 5 3 8
5. Arrange and add

a) 564 + 293 b) 715 + 285 c) 3124 + 604
d) 648 + 1078 e) 4200 + 5906 f) 1557 + 7476
g) 2088 + 94 + 865 h) 6701 + 532 + 814 i) 6436 + 378 + 65
j) 57 + 3826 + 2030 k) 898 + 5213 + 121 l) 1134 + 2001 + 4343
34
6 . Applications in real life
a) Mr.Vinay covered a distance of 3017 km by
train and 1922 km by bus during his journey.
How much distance has he travelled altogether?
b) The cost of a bike is ` 6500 more than that of a bicycle.

If the cost of the bicycle is ` 3765, What is the cost of the
bike?
c) In an orchard, there are 2207 coconut

trees, 1411 mango trees and 689 tamarind
trees.
How many trees are there in the orchard?
d) 3246 people visited the museum on Saturday.

2078 more people visited the museum on
Sunday. How many people visited the
museum on Sunday?
The Indian museum in West Bengal is one of the

largest and the oldest museum in India.
Value based learning :

Guhan usually celebrates his birthday with children in an orphanage.
He and his Achachan went to a sweet shop to buy sweets for his
friends in the orphanage.They bought 1kg of kaju cake for ` 1670
and 1kg of rasagulla for ` 1515.
How much did they spend in all?
35
Higher Order Thinking Skills
A. Solve the following
1) If 468 + 1179 + 2000 = 3647, what is 2001 + 468 + 1179 ?
2) A number exceeds 4192 by 3507. What is that number?
3) Find the sum of greatest 4 digit even number and smallest 4 digit odd number.
4) Find the sum of 30 hundreds, 54 tens and 83 ones.
B. Find the missing digits using addition
a) 3 2 5 b) 5 3 1 c) 2 0 7 d) 6 4 0
+ 4 8 2 + 1 4 + 7 3 5 + 2 3 7
4 9 7 5 5 8 3 3 6 7
Challenge yourself !
Write the numbers 1 to 5 in the
circles so that each line has
the same total. The number cannot
be repeated.
Art Integrated Activity:

Colour the given picture by finding the sum and using the code given below.
If the sum is more than 1000 but less than or equal to 3000.
If the sum is between 3000 and 6000.
If the sum is the predecessor of greatest 4 digit number.
If the sum is greater than 6000 but less than 9000
If the sum is more than 9000.
If the sum is a 3 digit number.
36
72
5241 + 648
+ 999
3681
+ 2309
899 831
2049 2438
+ 100 + 1072
+ 600 + 3572
555
+ 2446
1260
4099 + 2740
+ 5899
4600
+ 3070 306
860 + 512
1568
+ 355 + 1431
2824
+ 905
6155
+ 2345
4698
+ 5203
2576
+ 6819
37
otals of 10 to find – how many can you spot?
Add the numbers that are in row or a column or diagonally.
tal of 3 numbers in a line you can find? _____

What do you observe? __________________
al of 3 numbers29 in75 a61 line you can find? _____

4 3 8
Magic Square:
Fill in the grids so that each column, row and diagonal add up to the given sum.
ch column, row and diagonal add up to the give

one for you.
s 15.The sum is 30 The sum is 30
10 6
12
38
SUBTRACTION
Learning Outcomes
• Subtract up to 4 digit numbers
• Understand the properties of subtraction
• Apply the skill of subtraction to solve real-life problems.
• Solve combined addition and subtraction problems.
It was a dry summer afternoon. Two crows, a mother and a baby crow, perched upon
a tree. As the baby crow was feeling restless, the mother crow asked him to drop 100
pebbles into a nearby pot. The obedient young crow then started picking up pebbles.
It dropped them into the pot one by one.
“Ma, I have dropped 24

pebbles into the pot. How
many more do I have to
drop to get 100 pebbles?”
“You need to subtract

24 from 100, dear.”
“Thank you ma,

I will drop 76 more
pebbles.”
39
Applicaitons in real life:
Wa r m u p
1) In a village 350 people are eligible to vote,
but only 240 casted their votes.
How many people did not vote?
350 – 240=
[All Indian citizens above the age of 18 are eligible to vote]
2) Ajay brought 92 laddus to distribute on his birthday.

There are 72 students in his class.How many
extra laddus did Ajay bring?

We do 92 – 72=
3) There are 200 students in a school. If 98 are boys,

how many girls are there in the school?
We do 200 – 98 =
4) On ‘Vanmahotsav’ day Arav planted 108 saplings and

Monica planted 129 saplings. Who planted more
saplings and how much more?
We do 129 – 108 =
5) Roshan wants to buy a cricket ball. The price of the

ball is ` 170.But he has only ` 150 in his piggy bank.
How much more money does he need to buy the ball?
We do `170 – `150 =
40
Subtraction means “taking away”. The subtraction sign is ‘ –– ‘.
Subtraction of 3 digit numbers

Exa mp le -1 . 3 8 6 – 1 6 2
H T O
3 8 6
1 6 2
2 2 4
Always write the greater number first in subtraction

Exa mp le :2 . 7 8 3 – 2 9 7
H T O
7 8 3
2 9 7
4 8 6
Step-1 : We can’t subtract 7 from 3. So, borrow 1 ten. (1 tens =10 ones)
Now we have 13 ones.
13 – 7 = 6 ones.
Remember, The 8 tens has become 7 tens as we borrowed 1 tens.
Step-2 : We can’t subtract 9 tens from 7 tens. So borrow 1 H from hundreds place.
(1H=10tens) We have 17 tens.
17 T – 9 T = 8 tens
Step-3 : At last, subtract 2 hundreds from 6 hundreds. 6 H – 2 H = 4 H
Exercise 1
I) Subtract:
a) 9 8 5 b) 4 9 0 c) 7 6 7 d) 5 3 2 e) 8 1 4
- 5 3 2 - 1 7 4 - 3 9 2 - 4 1 2 - 6 2 8
41
II) Applications in real life:
1) There were 836 apples in a shop. If 135 apples were sold,
How many apples were not sold?
Number of apples in a shop = 8 3 6
Number of apples sold = 1 3 5
Number of apples not sold =
Ans. ______________ apples
2) Akshay has 427 stamps while Anu has

519 stamps.
Who has more stamps and by how much?
Number of stamps Anu has =
Number of stamps Akshay has =
Difference =
Ans. ______________ stamps
3) There are 840 roses in a garden, that are either red or yellow
If 670 are red roses, how many are yellow roses?
Red roses + yellow roses =
Red roses = 840
Yellow roses = 670 ?
Ans. ______________ yellow roses
Creative thinking
Observe the bars and make your own story sum
480
620
42
Subtraction of 4 digit numbers
Example 1: Subtract 1523 from 5764
TH H T O
5 7 6 4
– 1 5 2 3
4 2 4 1
Example-2: Subtract 4356 from 7232
TH H T O
7 2 3 2
– 4 3 5 6
2 8 7 6
Step-1 : We can’t subtract 6 ones from 2 ones. So borrow 1 ten from tens place.
[3T-1T=2T]
6 11 12 12
Now we have 12 ones. 12 – 6 = 6 ones. 7 2 3 2
Step-2 : We can’t subtract 5T from 2 T. So, borrow
- 4 3 5 6
1H. [2H-1H=1H] We have 12 tens.
12 T – 5 T = 7 tens 2 8 7 6
Step-3 : We can’t subtract 3H from 1H. Now borrow from thousands place.
[7 Th – 1 Th = 6 Th] We have 11 H. 1 Ten = 10 ones
11 H – 3 H = 8 hundreds 1 Hundred = 10 tens
Step-4 : 6 Th – 4 Th = 2 thousands 1 Thousand = 10 hundreds
The number from which another number is to be subtracted is called minuend and
the number that is subtracted is called subtrahend. The subtraction answer is called
difference. Minuend
Example : 8 – 5 = 3 Subtrahend
Difference
Minuend Subtrahend Difference
Thinking Skills
a) 20 tens = ________ hundreds. b) 30 hundreds = ________ thousands.

c) 40 ones = ________ tens. d) 12 hundreds = _________ tens.
43
Lab Activity
Subtraction on abacus [Without borrowing]
Example 1 Subtract 341 from 564
2 2 3
H T O H T O
Remove 3 beads from hundreds place, 4 beads from tens place and 1 bead from units
place. Count and write the remaining beads.
2 H + 2 T + 3 O = 200 +20 + 3 = 223
Ans. 564 – 341 = 223
TRY YOURSELF
a) 648 – 205 =
Ans.
= _______H +______ T +______O
= _______ + _______+ _______
= __________
H T O H T O
b) 587-246
Ans.
= _______H +______ T +______O
= _______ + _______+ _______

H T O H T O = __________
44
Exercise 2
I) Subtract:
a) 4 8 7 6 b) 8 3 9 0 c) 7 1 6 2 d) 6 9 4 8
– 1 3 2 9 – 4 2 5 7 – 1 3 2 8 – 5 4 8 6
e) 5 7 6 4 b) 6 3 5 0 c) 9 2 8 1 d) 4 3 3 4
– 4 3 5 3 – 2 1 8 9 – 5 7 5 6 – 3 9 9 3
II) Arrange and subtract:

a) Subtract 904 from 8524
TH H T O
The minuend will be the greater number while
8 5 2 4 subtrahend will be smaller one. Check if the
9 0 4 place values of both are aligned.
b) Subtract 86 from 6276

c) Find the difference between 639 and 8254.
d) What number has to be added to 972 to make it 9999?
Think
Sanam is 18 years old. Her father is 30 years elder
than her. What is the age of her father?
Subtraction with zeroes

Example : Subtract 2358 from 4000
It is not possible to do 0 –8. But we have 0 in tens and hundreds place. So, borrow
1 TH from 4 TH. (1TH=10 H) From 10 H give 1 H.
(1H = 10 tens) We have 10 tens, now give 1 ten. (1 ten = 10 ones).
Now 10 ones – 8 ones = 2 ones
3 9 9 10
T H H T O 9 T—5 T = 4 tens
4 0 0 0
4 0 0 0 9 H –3 H = 6 hundreds
2 3 5 8 3 Th – 2 Th =1 thousand - 2 3 5 8
1 6 4 2
45
Exercise 3
I) Subtract:
a) 8 0 0 0 b) 7 4 0 0 c) 9 0 0 5 d) 6 0 4 9
– 5 3 4 9 – 5 2 6 4 – 2 7 8 3 – 5 4 8 9
e) 4305 – 1297 f) 3000 – 2546 g) 8062 – 999 h) 5001 – 348
II) Solve the following

a) The sum of two numbers is 6000. If one number is
4259, find the other number.
b) There are 3020 farmers, out of whom 2748 cultivate
paddy and the rest cultivate wheat. How many farmers
cultivate wheat?
c) A factory manufactures 7508 cars in a year. Out of which
6320 cars were sold in that particular year. How many
cars were left unsold that year?
d) Rashma received a story book as a gift from her father on her birth-
day. The book has 1450 pages. She read 976 pages. How many more
pages has she to read to complete the book?
e) A zoo had 3050 visitors and 4000 visitors on Saturday and Sunday
respectively. On which day did the zoo have less number of visitors
and by how much?
f) The length of river Ganga is about 2525 km and the length

of river Godavari is about 1465 km. Which river is longer and
by how much?
The river Ganga originates at the Himalayas and ends at Bay of

Bengal.
The river Godavari starts near Triambak in Nashik district of
Maharashtra and flows into the Bay of Bengal. The river Godavari
is also called ‘Dakshin Ganga’.
46
Properties of subtraction
When we subtract zero from any number, the difference is the number itself.
Example: 8 – 0 = 8 42 – 0 = 42
321 – 0 = 321 4506 – 0 = 4506
When a number is subtracted from itself, the difference is zero.
Example: 9 – 9 = 0 36 – 36 = 0
802 – 802 = 0 1952 – 1952 = 0
When we subtract 1 from a number, we get the predecessor of that number.
Example: 183 – 1 = 182 3876 – 1 = 3875
Guess
Sana has a collection of stamps. Her brother gave her 1 more stamp. Now she has 400
stamps. How many stamps did she have before she got 1 from her brother?
Exercise 4
I) Fill in the box
a) 9385 – 9385 = e) – 1463 = 0
b) 4792 – 0 = f) 2700 – = 2699
c) 2765 – =0 g) 6000 – 1 =
d) 3040 – = 3040 h) – 1 = 2100
Combined addition and subtraction

Example: Solve 5278 + 722 - 536
5 9 9 10
5 2 7 8 6 0 0 0 First add 5278 with 722.
+ 7 2 2 -- 5 3 6 Then subtract 536 from the sum.
6 0 0 0 5 4 6 4
Example
Akshay bought a bat for ` 275and a ball for ` 135. He gave ` 500 to the shopkeeper.
How much money should the shopkeeper return to him?
Cost of the bat `275

Cost of the ball = + ` 1 3 5
Total cost `410
Amount given to the shopkeeper = ` 500

Total cost of bat and ball =– ` 4 1 0
Balance amount = ` 90
47
Exercise 5
I) Solve
a) 395 + 427 – 273 c) 900 – 213 + 587
b) 935 + 265 – 532 d) 3416 – 1564 + 1046
II) Answer the following
1) A library has 194 books on mystery. Out of these 83 were
damaged. How many mystery books in the library are in usable
condition?
2) Mr. Gupta earns ` 9800 per month. He spends ` 7540 on rent and
` 1925 on provisions. What will be the amount left with him for
other expenses?
3) A balloon seller has 4050 balloons. Of these 1625 are blue and 1875
are red and the rest are white balloons. Find the number of white
balloons with him?
Value based question
4) Keerthana has ` 6420 in her savings account. She withdrew ` 1900 in June and
` 1675 in July to donate for ‘Dhan Utsav” organized in her school. Find the balance
amount in her account?
[Do you donate for the needy people?]
Higher Order Thinking skills
917 – + 125
750 325
102 + 600 –
Relation between addition and subtraction

Radha bought bananas that cost ` 25. She gave ` 30 to the
shopkeeper. She got back ` 5 from the shopkeeper. She verified
the balance amount by adding ` 5 with ` 25, and was happy that
the shopkeeper has given her the correct change.
` 30 – ` 25 = ` 5
` 5 + ` 25 = ` 30
` 25 `5
` 30
48
Addition and Subtraction are opposite of each other. Subtraction can be checked by
*Adding the difference with the subtrahend.
*If the sum is equal to the minuend then your subtraction is correct.
Example : Subtract 350 from 984 and check your answer by addition
9 8 4 6 3 4 (difference)
– 3 5 0 + 3 5 0 (subtrahend)
6 3 4 9 8 4 (minuend)
Exercise 6
I) Subtract and check your answer by addition
a) 400 – 283
b) 547 – 95
c) 8094 – 796
d) 7652 – 2498
II) Fill in the blanks
a) 2000 – 1 = ____
b) 1999 + 1 = _____
c) ____ + 5 = 1000
d) 1000 – 995 = _____
e) 1 less than 3900 is _____.
f) 100 less than 4240 is ___.
g) 1000 less than 5218 is _____.
h) 2753 is 1 less than ______.
i) _____ is 490 more than 1000.
j) 1250 is ____ more than 950.
k) 37 + ____ = 100
l) _____ + 290 = 720
m) _____ -- 1235 = 8000
n) 8470 + ____ = 9009
Think
Fill in the boxes
1) 8 4 9 2) 4 3 7 
–  – 1  9
3 2 0  0  4
49
Practise exercises
I) Subtract:
a) 219 from 4000 d) 2965 from 3291
b) 4186 from 6478 e) 3020 from 7128
c) 78 from 8001 f) 6740 from 9104
II) Subtract:
a) 3003 – 1975 d) 5000 – 874
b) 6142 – 2918 e) 2105 – 97
c) 9740 – 6730 f) 7332 – 8
III) Answer the following
1) A marathon runner aimed to cover 8400 m in one hour. She
could cover only 6392 m due to rain. Find the distance that
she is yet to cover.
2) 7020 people auditioned for a music show. If 4680 people did

not qualify for the second round, how many people qualified
for the second round?
3) The capacity of the football stadium is 8220 seats. Due to

Covid restrictions, 4196 people were allowed to watch
the match from the stadium. How many seats were not
occupied?
4) A teacher plans to make 140 charts and 85 models for a school science project. She
prepared 115 charts and 37 models. How many more charts and models should
she prepare?
was
The 1931 China Flood
own to
5) Seema prepared 1000 food packets to distribute the deadliest flood kn
ated
amongst flood victims. She could distribute only 870 mankind with an estim
.
loss of 4 million lives
packets. How many food packets were left with her?
6) A Government initiative intends to build 4000 apartments for Tsunami victims.

They built 2870 apartments in 2021. How many more apartments have to be
constructed?
50
7) 2140 Siberian birds migrated to India. The number of birds
migrated this year was 270 less than the last year. How
many birds migrated this year?
India is the winter home for Siberian Cranes. Every

year, the second Saturday of May & October is
observed as World Migratory Bird Day.
IV) Subtract and check your answer by addition

a) 3250 – 1925 b) 9000 – 648
c) 2002 – 178 d) 1342 – 875
V) Solve
a) 472 + 195 – 56 b) 800 – 372 + 1684
c) 2319 + 984 – 1087
Decide Add / Subtract
Read carefully. Decide which operation is needed to solve the problems.
a) 2450 people visited an exhibition on Saturday and 3970
more people visited on Sunday. How many people visited
on Sunday?
Add / Subtract Ans. _________
b) 4650 Lenovo laptops and 6525 Hp laptops were sold in the

month of June. How many more HP laptops were sold?
Add / Subtract Ans.__________
c) There are 495 neem trees and 297 peepal trees in a farm.
How many trees are there in the farm in all?
Add / Subtract Ans. __________
d) There are 680 men and 790 women travelling in a train. How
many passengers are travelling in the train?
Add / Subtract Ans.________
51
e) Find the difference between the greatest 4 digit number and the smallest 4 digit
number.
Add/ Subtract Ans._________
Experiential Learning
The following table shows the monthly sales of mobile phones in an electronic shop.
Sales Apple One plus Samsung
Online 183 587 928
Offline 251 342 356
TOTAL
1) How many One plus phones were sold offline?
Ans. ________
2) How many Apple phones were sold online?

Ans. ________
3) How many more Samsung phones were sold online than offline?
Ans. ________
4) How many fewer Apple phones were sold than One plus phones in offline?
Ans. ________
5) How many phones were sold online in all?

Ans.________
6) How many more Samsung phones were sold online compared with Apple and One
plus phones together in offline?
Ans.________
Challenge Yourself
1) Number Grid
Add or subtract any two numbers to get 90.
36 54 134
71 44 19
68 33 12
102 57 85
52
2) Numbers in mangoes are sum of the two numbers in apples on either side.
64 100
80
14
Crossword puzzle
A B C
D E
Across Down
A. 900 – 452 A. 40 tens + 9 ones
B. 1000 – 130 B. 624 + 247
D. 10 Hundred – 99 C. 79 + 0
F. 808 – 8 D. 500 + 476
G. 600 + 20 + 5 E. 292 + 8
F. 7 tens + 1 ten + 5 ones
53
Subtraction in Vedic Maths
There is a simple method to do subtraction In Vedic Maths without borrowing.
Example-1: Subtract 18 from 32
3 2 3 2 1 8 +2
– 1 8 20 – 2 0 2 0
(Nearest 10) 1 2 +2 = 14
Ans. 32 – 18 = 14
Example -2: Subtract 37 from 83

8 3 8 3 3 7 +3
– 3 7 40 – 4 0 4 0
(Nearest 10) 4 3 +3 = 46
Ans. 83 – 37 = 46
Try yourself
1) 64 – 19
2) 73 – 48
54
MULTIPLICATION
LEARNING Outcomes
• Understand the concept of multiplication as repeated addition.
• Understand the properties of multiplication.
• Apply the skill of multiplication to solve real-life problems.
• Perform multiplication of 2d x 1d, 3d x 1d, 2d x 2d numbers.
• Understand the concept of square numbers
Akshaya and her brother Anup decided to collect all the
colour pencils lying here and there in their house and arrange
them properly in various boxes. They started organising them
according to the various colours. To their surprise they found
equal number of colour pencils in 5 different shades!
PINK GREEN BLUE YELLOW PURPLE
4 + 4 + 4 + 4 + 4 =
There are 5 groups of

4 Pencils in each!
55
MULTIPLICATION
IS REPEATED
ADDITION
When each group has the same number, we can use multiplication to find the total.
Hence, 5 x 4 = 20
Using multiplication in such cases is found to be much easier than repeatedly adding
the same number!
RED ORANGE BROWN
There is only one colour pencil in

each of these 3 shades which do
not belong to the above groups.
Yes, you are right Akshaya!

They are taken as 3 different
groups of 1 pencil each!
1 + 1 + 1
1+1+1=3
This can also be written as 3 x 1 = 3
56
WARM UP
1] Write the multiplication facts.
______groups of ______ apples each.

=___+___+___+___
=___x___
=___
______groups of _____ marbles each.

=___+___+___+___+___
=___x___
=___
______groups of ______ boats each.

=___+___+___
=___x___
=___
2] 7 + 7 + 7 + 7 + 7 = ___ x ____ = _____

3] 10 + 10 + 10 + 10 + 10 + 10 + 10 = ___ x ___ = ____
4] 6 + 6 + 6 + 6 + 6 + 6 = ___ x ____ = ____
2. Complete the multiplication tables of 1 to 10
X 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1 2
2 10
3 9 21
4 24 40
5 20
6 6
7 14 42
8 64
9
10
57
3. A week has 7 days. Find the number of days in 5 weeks?
4. A havan kund has 4 sides. How many sides do 10 havan

kunds have?
5. The cost of a pencil is ` 6. What is the cost of 8 pencils?
Recall multiplication tables and fill in the boxes

a] 5 x 5 = b] 6 x 2 = c] 10 x 3 =
d] 2 x 7 = e] 4 x 4 = f] 6x7=
g] 8 x 3 = h] 6 x 9 = i] 8x8=
j] 3 x 9 = k] 4 x 6 = l] 10 x 10 =
PROPERTIES OF MULTIPLICATION
 Any number multiplied by 1 gives the number itself.
For example, six clowns have one ball each.
Hence 6 x 1 = 6
Examples: 23 x 1 = 23 ; 496 x 1 = 496 ; 7024 x 1 = 7024
 Any number multiplied by 0 gives 0.
For example, there are 4 flower pots with no flowers.
Hence 4 x 0 = 0
Examples: 55 x 0 = 0 ; 302 x 0 = 0 ; 7436 x 0 = 0
58
 When multiplying 2 or more numbers, the order of numbers in which they are
multiplied does not affect the answer. That means their Product remains the
same.
For example, [a] 4 x 7 = 28 ; 7 x 4 = 28
[b] 2 x 4 x 5 = 40 ; 4 x 5 x 2 = 40
[c] 80 x 3 x 10 = 2400 ; 10 x 80 x 3 = 2400
EXERCISE 1
Fill in the blanks
1] 10 x 5 = ______ 6] 8 x 7 = _____
2] 6 x ____ = 36 7] 9 x 0 = _____
3] 5 x 11 = 11 x ____ 8] 2 x 3 x 5 = 5 x 2 x ____
4] _____ x 3 = 24 9] 11 x 0 = _____
5] 12 x _____ = 12 10] _____ x 13 = 0
11] 6 x 1 x 3 = 1 x ____ x 6 12] 3 x 2 x 4 = 2 x ____ x ____
Multiplying a 2 digit number by a single digit number

a] 1 b] 7
H T O H T O
2 3 1 8
X 5 X 9
1 1 5 1 6 2
c] 6 d] 1
H T O H T O
2 9 3 2
X 7 X 8
2 0 3 2 5 6
Product of a 2 digit number and a single digit number is

either a 2 digit number or a 3 digit number.
59
EXERCISE 2
1. Multiply
a] 98 x 7 b] 34 x 6 c] 29 x 5
2. Compare using < or > or = sign
a] 8 x 9 89 b] 6 x 6 6+6
c] 15 – 15 15 x 0 d] 1 x 20 20 x 1
e] 10 x 10 1010 f] 0 x 19 19
g] 6 + 5 1x6 h] 18 x 1 18 x 0
Applications in real life

3. There are 16 rasagullas in a can. How many rasagullas are
there in 6 such cans?
4. An octopus has 8 legs. Find the number of legs of a dozen

octopuses.
[Hint : A dozen = 12 ]
Multiplication Tables of 9
1 x 9 = 09
2 x 9 = 18
3 x 9 = 27
4 x 9 = 36
5 x 9 = 45
6 x 9 = 54
7 x 9 = 63
8 x 9 = 72
9 x 9 = 81
10 x 9 = 90
 There are many new interesting facts and patterns one can learn from 9 tables.
Did you notice that the digits in the ones places are in decreasing order while the
digits in the tens places are in increasing order from 0 to 9?
 The sum of the digits in each product is 9!
[0 + 9 = 9 ; 1 + 8 = 9 ; 2 + 7 = 9 and so on]
60
 The first multiple of 9 and the tenth multiple of 9 have their digits reversed i.e 09
and 90!
The second multiple and the ninth multiple have their digits reversed that is,18
and 81!
You can check the other multiples too!!
Multiplying a three digit number with a single digit number

Example : a] 312 x 3
Step 1 : Multiply 2 ones by 3
H T O
We get 6 ones
3 1 2
Step 2 : Multiply 1 tens by 3
X 3 We get 3 tens
9 3 6 Step 3 : Multiply 3 hundreds by 3
We get 9 hundreds
EXERCISE 3
Multiply
a] 2 0 3 b] 4 1 3 c] 1 0 1 d] 4 4 4
x 3 x 2 x 5 x 2
Example : Multiply 342 by 5

Step 1 : Multiply 2 ones by 5.

TH H T O We get 10 ones.
10 ones = 1 ten + 0 ones.
3 4 2 We write 0 in ones column
And carry over 1 ten to
X 5
Tens column.
1 7 1 0 Step 2 : Multiply 4 tens by 5.
We get 20 tens.
20 tens + carried over 1 ten
21 tens = 2 hundred + 1 ten.
We write 1 in the tens column and
carry over 2 to the hundreds column.
61
Step 3 : Multiply 3 hundreds by 5.
We get 15 hundreds.
15 hundreds + carried over 2 hundreds
gives us 17 hundreds.
17 hundreds = 1 thousand + 7 hundred
7 is written in the hundreds column.
1 is written in the thousands column.
The answer/product obtained is 1,710
b] 809 x 6 5
TH H T O
8 0 9
X 6
4 8 5 4
ANS : 4,854
Product of a 3 digit number and a single digit number

gives either a 3 digit number or a 4 digit number.
EXERCISE 4
1] Multiply
a] 587 X 2 b] 901 x 3 c] 835 x 4
d] 213 x 7 e] 410 x 8 f] 672 x 9
g] 321 x 8 h] 514 x 4 i] 715 x 6
j] 409 x 5 k] 457 x 6 l] 598 x 7
2] A cargo train travels 654 km a day. Find the distance travelled by it

in 7 days.
3] If a factory manufactures 490 ceramic mugs in a day, find the total

number of mugs manufactured in 9 days.
4] The cost of a bicycle is ` 999. Find the cost of 8 such bicycles.
62
5) Value based question
‘Dhaan Utsav’ is celebrated in the month of October every year.
Each child in the school donates 4 toys to the lesser privileged
children in their locality. If there are 565 children in the school
find the number of toys donated.
[Do you help the needy children in your locality?]
6] Value based question

Volunteers from Swachh Bharath movement help in cleaning the
beaches every Sunday in 235 different places. If 10 volunteers help
in each place, find the total number of volunteers.
[Do you volunteer to clean your classroom?]
7] A cube has 6 faces. Find the total number of faces in 175 cubes.
8] There are 5 petals in a flower. Find the total number of petals in 500 such flowers.
Multiplying By 10 and 100

Multiplying numbers by 10.
Vimal collects some Rajma seeds from the kitchen and arranges them in groups of 10.
4 groups of 10 seeds make 40 seeds altogether.
4 x 10 = 40
When we multiply a number

by a multiple of 10, we put
‘0’ in the ones place and
then mulitply by the number
in the tens place.
Examples :
a] 35 x 10 = 350 b] 677 x 10 = 6770 c] 802 x 10 = 8020
Multiplying by multiples of 10 that is, 20, 30, 40 and so on follow the same pattern.
63
Examples :
a] 52 x 20 = 1040 b] 43 x 70 = 3010 c] 80 x 78 = 6240
Multiplying by 100
Similarly, when we multiply by multiples of 100, zeroes are placed at the ones and
tens place then the number is multiplied by the number in the hundreds place.
Examples:
a] 12 x 100 = 1200 b] 63 x 300 = 18900 c] 500 x 15 = 7500
EXERCISE 5
1] Fill in the blanks
a] 50 x 10 = _______ f ] 11 x 100 = ______
b] 146 x 10 = _______ g] 7 x 500 = ______
c] ______ x 10 = 3730 h] 26 x ____ = 2600
d] 10 x ___ = 4040 i] ___ x 100 = 4800
e] 63 x 70 = ______ j] 9 x 400= ______
2] Find the products

a] 20 x 30 = 600 f] 90 x 90 = ________
b] 30 x 500 = ________ g] 100 x 10 = ________
c] 110 x 70 = ________ h] 6 x 300 = ________
d] 400 x 6 = ________ i] 200 x 5 = ________
e] 80 x 80 = ________ j] 7 x 700 = ________
Multiplication Tables of 11
1 x 11= 11
2 x 11 = 22
3 x 11= 33
4 x 11= 44
5 x 11= 55
6 x 11 = 66
7 x 11 = 77
8 x 11 = 88
9 x 11 = 99
64
 The first 9 multiples of 11 form an interesting pattern with similar digits in ones
place and tens place.
Let's Explore
a] 25 x 11 = ?
Step 1 : We first write the digits 2 and 5 in the hundreds place and ones place
respectively.
H T O
2 5
Step 2 : We then find the sum of 2 and 5.

2 + 5 = 7 7 is placed in the tens place
H T O
2 7 5
Hence, 25 x 11 = 275
b] 48 x 11= ?
Step 1:
H T O
4 8
Step 2:
When we find the sum of 4 and 8, we find it is 12, which is a 2 digit number. Hence 1
is carried over to the hundreds place.
1
H T O H T O
4 2 8 5 2 8
Hence 48 x 11 = 528.
65
Complete the multiplication tables of 11 using the pattern taught.
10 x 11= 110
11 x 11 = ____
12 x 11 = _____
13 x 11 = _____
14x 11 = _____
15 x 11= _____
16 x 11 = _____
17 x11= _____
18 x 11 = _____
19 x 11 = _____
20 x 11= _____
EXERCISE 6
Find the product
a] 54 x 11 b] 82 x 11 c] 75 x 11 d] 39 x11
e] 11 x 44 f] 11 x 68 g] 11 x 66 h] 23 x 11
Square Numbers
1X1= 1 6 x 6 = 36
2X2= 4 7 x 7 = 49
3X3= 9 8 x 8 = 64
4X4= 16 9 x 9 = 81
5X5= 25 10 x 10 = 100
1X1=1 2X2=4 3X3=9 4 X 4 = 16
66
5 X 5 = 25 6 X 6 = 36 9 X 9 = 81
and so on.
Since the dots representing the numbers

can be arranged in the form of a square
[with equal number of rows and columns]
they are called SQUARE NUMBERS.
How many rows and columns do you find in a chess board?
Ans : ____ rows and ____ columns.
Total number of squares in a chess board = ____ x ____
= ______ squares.
Multiplying 2 Digit Number by a 2 Digit Number

In a village farmers plant 42 saplings in a row in a rice field. If they plant saplings in 25
such rows find the total number of saplings planted.
No. of saplings planted = 42 x 25
The district of
Thanjavur in
Tamilnadu is called
the ‘Rice bowl of India’
67
TH H T O
4 2
X 2 5
2 1 0
8 4 0
1 0 5 0
[20 + 5]
42 x 5 [Multiply by ones]
42 x 20 [Multiply by tens]
[Add both the products]
No. of saplings planted = 1,050
Product of a 2 digit number and another 2 digit number

gives either a 3 digit number or a 4 digit number.
Example 2: 34 x 67
2 2
TH H T O
3 4
X 6 7
2 3 8
2 0 4 0
2 2 7 8
EXERCISE 7
1] Find the product
a] 15 x 19 b] 92 x 46 c] 34 x 12
d] 40 x 53 e] 66 x 68 f] 56 x 77
g] 35 x 72 h] 49 x 51 i] 26 x 84
j] 85 x 23 k] 58 x 30 l] 52 x 69
2] Sunil pasted 12 stamps on each page of his stamp book, if he
used 34 pages, how many stamps did he paste?
68
3] In a library, 58 books can be arranged on a rack. If there
are 26 such racks, how many books can be arranged?
4] In a super deluxe bus 60 people can be seated.

Find out how many people can sit in 35 such buses.
5] Find the cost of 15 kg of carrots if one kg of carrots cost ` 63.

Let’s Practise
1] Complete the pattern
a] 8, 16, 24, ___, ___, 48, ___, 64, ___, ___, 88, ____. Note: Check whether
you are thorough with
b] 9, 18, ___, ___, ___, ___, ___, ___, ____, 90, ___, ___. tables from 1 to 12
c] __, 12, ___, 24, 30, ___, ___, ___, 54, 60, ____, ___.
d] 7, ___, 21, 28, ___, ___, ____, 56, ___, ____, 77, 84.
2] Fill in the blanks

a] 15 x __ = 15 b] 56 x __ = 560
c] 30 x 4 = ____ d] 99 x 10 = ____
e] 67 x 100 = ____ f] 60 x 20 = ____
g] 92 x ___ = 0 h] 7 x ___ = 700
i] 8 x ___ = 48 j] __x 537 = 537
k] 234 x ___ = 2340 l] 30 x ___ = 600
m] 5 x 7 x 8 = _____ n] 4 x 5 x 1 = ____
3] Multiply
a] 32 x 3 b] 54 x 5 c] 73 x 7 d] 85 x 6
e] 56 x 2 f] 89 x 4 g] 64 x 8 h] 27 x 9
i] 136 x 3 j] 841 x 5 k] 509 x 2 l] 515 x 4
m] 940 x 6 n] 105 x 7 o] 554 x 8 p] 265 x 9
69
4] Multiply
a] 32 x 23 b] 16 x 14 c] 43 x 55 d] 17 x 13
e] 86 x 43 f] 47 x 29 g] 40 x 52 h] 48 x 66
i] 51 x 78 j] 62 x 54 k] 15 x 91 l] 14 x 41
5] Multiply by 11
a] 45 x 11 b] 26 x 11 c] 57 x 11 d] 11 x 64
e] 78 x 11 f] 86 x 11 g] 94 x 11 h] 11 x 89
6] Multiply
a] 403 x 3 b] 452 x 4 c] 131 x 5 d] 180 x 2
e] 248 x 2 f] 516 x 6 g] 247 x 7 h] 456 x 8
i] 118 x 9 j] 825 x 9 k] 444 x 5 l] 803 x 6
7] Choose the correct answer

1] 5 + 5 + 5 + 5 =
a] 5555 b] 5 fours c] 4 fives d] 5 x 5
2] Which number is not a multiple of 9?
a] 63 b] 49 c] 81 d] 27
3] Pick the square number
a] 55 b] 35 c] 45 d] 25
4] The product of 56 and 11 is ____
a] 5116 b] 5611 c] 616 d] 516
5] An ordinary year has 365 days. The number of days in 3 such years.
a] 365 x 3 b] 365 - 3 c] 365 + 3 d] 3653
Higher Order Thinking Skills :

1] If 5 x 13 = 65 then 50 x 130 =?
2] Find twice of 23 and add it to the double of 32.
3] Find the product of the face value and place value of the digit 6 in 7,680.
4] In the numbers 5423 and 2345 what is the product of the face values of the digits
in hundreds place?
70
5] Find the product of the number of days in a leap year and the number of days in
a week.
6] What comes next ? 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, ___, ___, ___, ___, ___.
7] Place the given numbers in the paired coloured circles to get the product as 12.
1, 3,
12
4, 12
6, 2
8] Place the beetroots in the appropriate boxes.
10 27 77 33 16 7
35 12 15 18 9 49
Multiples of 2 Multiples of 3
Multiples of 7
71
9] Fill in the blanks in the multiplication wheel by recalling 8 tables.
10] Puzzles to puzzle you !

a] Find the missing number in the triangle.
4 3 7
36 23
4 8 2 10 6 7
b] Observe the given picture and answer the question.
+ + + = 28
x = 21
+ = 17
Find + +
Ans: ____________
72
ART INTEGRATION- ACTIVITY
 Materials required: Two paper plates of equal size, a pair of scissors, push pin
and sketch pens.
 The paper plates are divided into 12 equal parts.
 Take the first plate and cut out the squares as shown in the figure.

Take the second plate and write the numbers.
On the left part [ 6 parts] the multiplicands are written.
On the right part [ 6 parts] the products are written.

Both the paper plates are placed firmly by inserting a push pin at the centre.

Now by moving the first plate we can find the corresponding products of the
multiplicands.

For example, 7 x 6 = 42
7 is the multiplicand, 6 is the multiplier and 42 is the product.
This Activity can be tried for any multiplication table.
73
SHAPES AND PATTERNS
Learning Objectives
• Faces, edges and corners of Solid shapes
•
•
SHAPES AND
Shapes that can roll, slide or both
Patterns in shapes and numbers
• Tiling of shapes PATTERNS
Akhil’s grandma was practicing Rangoli designs
for Holi.
Learning Outcomes SHAPES AND PATTERNS
At the end of this lesson,
Learning children will be able to:
Objectives
• Identify faces, edges, and
• Faces, edges corners of solid of
and corners shapes
Solid shapes
• Know the number • Shapes of faces, edges,
that can roll,and corners
slide of solid shapes.
or both
• Identify shapes that caninroll,
• Patterns slide and
shapes or both
numbers
• Identify patterns• Tiling of shapes
in shapes and numbers
This Photo by Unknown Author This Photo by Unknown Author is This Photo by Unknown Author is
• Identify tiling of
Akhil’s shapes
Akhil: Hi daadi, what are you doing?
grandma was practicing Rangoli designs
Akhil’s grandma was practising Rangoli designs for Holi.
Daadhi: Hifor Holi.I am drawing rangoli designs for our Holi
dear,
decorations.
Akhil: Wow, it looks interesting. I can see many shapes
that my class 2 maths teacher has taught me.
Daadhi : Yes Akhil , Youwhat
This Photo by Unknown Author
Akhil: Pranams
Akhil: daadhi,Hi daadi,
what can
are youaresee youshapes
doing? doing? and patterns
This Photo by Unknown Author is This Photo by Unknown Author is
Daadhi: Blessings
everywhere
dear,
Daadhi: amaround
HiIdear,
trying us.
I am out rangoli
drawing designs
rangoli for Holi
designs fordecorations.
our Holi
Akhil: Wow, decorations.
it looks interesting. I can see many shapes that my class 2 maths teacher
Akhil: Is it? Now I am going to play in the park.
taught me. Akhil: Wow, it looks interesting. I can see many shapes
Daadhi :I’ll
Yeslook
Akhil,for
Youshapes
thatcan
my see and patterns
shapes
class there
andteacher
2 maths patterns and share
everywhere
has taught around us.
me.
Akhil: Is with
it? Now I am
you
Daadhi : going
daadhi toma.
Yes Akhilplay in the
, You canpark. I’ll look and
see shapes for shapes and patterns there
patterns
and share with you daadhi ma.
everywhere around us.
Akhil: Is it? Now I am going to play in the park.
I’ll look for shapes and patterns there and share
with you daadhi ma.
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY 1

List the shapes that Akhil saw in the park.
74
74
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY 1
Warm up -2 D shapes
1) Colour
Warm the
up -2pictures
D shapes with the given colour code.
1) Colour the pictures with the given colour code.
75
2) Count and write the number of sides and corners
Sides = Sides =
Corners = Corners =
Sides = Sides =
Corners = Corners =
3) Match the shapes and the objects

1) Square :
2) Circle :
the
What is a
f
shape o
3) Rectangle : o n ey comb?
H
4) Triangle :
 Find out the number of sides and corners of the given shapes.
Sides = Sides =
Vertices = Vertices =
76
Cube
Count the number of faces, edges and vertices of a cube.
Concepts section
A cube has 6 fiat faces,8 vertices vertex
Solid shapes
and 12 straight edges. Flat face
Solid shapes have length, breadth and height.
The face of a cube is a square.
They are called 3 D shapes. Cube, Cuboid, Cylinder
This Photo by
edge
Cone and Sphere are some solid
An shapes.
edge is A vertex is
formed where formed where
Cube two faces meet edges meet
Count the number of faces, edges and vertices of a cube.

A cube has 6 flat faces, 8 vertices and 12 straight edges.
The face of a cube is a square.
4
A vertex is formed
An edge is formed where edges
where two faces meet
meet
vertex
Cuboid Cuboid
The cuboid has atleast
A cuboid has 6 flat faces, flat face
2 rectangular faces.8 vertices and 12 edges.
This Photo by Unknown Author is
vertex
It has 8 vertices Cuboid
and
The12faceedges.
of a cuboid is a rectangle.
The face of a cuboid ishas

A cuboid rectangle.
6 flat faces, flat face edge
Cylinder
8 vertices and 12 edges.
The
A face of a cuboid
cylinder has 2isflat
a rectangle.
faces, 1 curved face and
Cylinder 2 curved edges.

Cylinder
Curved face
edge
There is no vertex
in cylinder and
A cylinder has 2 Aflat faces,
cylinder has 21flat
curved face face
faces, 1 curved andand cone. Why?
This Photo by Unknown
Curved edge no
2 curved edges. 2 curved edges. There is inder
Curved face There is no vertex
in cylinder and
n cyl
vertex i
cone. Why?
Curved edge
flat face
Why?
Cone
flat face
A cone has 1 curved face, 1 flat face, 1 curved edge and
Cone
A 1vertex.
cone has 1 curved face, 1 flat face, 1 curved edge and 77
1vertex. Curved face
Curved face
Flat face
This Photo
flat face
Cone
Cone
A cone
A cone has 1 curved has 11 flat
face, curved face,
face, 1 flat face,
1 curved 1 curved
edge and edge and
1 vertex. 1vertex.
Curved face
Flat face
This Photo by
This vertex
Open cones curved edge Closed cone
Sphere
Sphere A sphere has only curved face and
A sphere has a curved
has noface and no vertices.
vertices.
Exercise 1 Exercise 1
Exercise 1
rcle the shape withthe
1)Circle
1)Circle straight
the edges
shape
shape with
with instraight
green,
Exercise
straight edges 1 in green,
edges
in green,
nd curved
1) edges
andand
Circle inshape
blue.with
curved
curved
the edges
edges in
in blue.
straight blue.
edges in green, and curved edges in blue.
This Photo by
This Photo by This Photo by
2) Circle the shapes

2) Circle with flatwith
the shapes facesflat
in yellow,
facescurved faces in
in yellow, blue and
curved both curved
faces
Circle the shapes
2) within
Circle flat faces inwith
yellow, curvedinfaces
and
in flat
Blue and the
faces shapes
green.
both flatfaces
curved and flat faces yellow, curved faces
in green.
Blue and both incurved
Blue and andboth
flat faces in and
curved green.flat faces in green.
a) b) c)
d) e) f)
3) Match the shapes with the objects.
atch the shapes with the

3) Match the shapes
objects.with the objects.
cube 78
cuboid
cube
cuboid
This Photo by
cylinder
Higher order thinking skills
This Photo by sphere
This Photo
cone
1) Keep 5 rupee coins one over the other. What shape do you see?______________
2) Place 5 dices adjacent to each other. What shape do you see?_______________
Higher order thinking skills
Higher Order Thinking Skills 6
HigherRoll
order or Slide
Whatthinking
shape skills
would you get if you place five
Some objects
1) 5 rupee coins oneroll
2) Place 5overand
dicesthe someto eachobjects
other.
adjacent other. What slide.
shape do you see?_______________
2) 5 dices adjacent to each other.
Objects having only flat faces and
2) Place 5 dices adjacent to each other. What shape do you see?_______________
Roll orstraight
Slide Roll or Slide
edges slide.
Roll or Slide
Some objects roll and some objects slide.
Some roll
Some objects objects roll objects
and some and someslide.objects slide
 edges
straight Objects having only
slide. straight
flat edges slide.
faces and straight edges slide.
Objects with only curved face can roll but not slide.
 Objects
Objects with
with only onlywith
curved
Objects curved
face rollface
cancurved
only can
butface
not canroll
slide. butnotnot
roll but slide.
slide.
Objects with flat and curved faces can slide and roll.
79
Exercise 2
y Unknown

 Objects Objects
with flat and
withcurved facescurved
flat and can slide and roll.
faces can slide and roll.

Write
ExerciseS for
2 the objects that can only slide and R for
the objects that can only roll and SR forThisthe Photo objects
by Unknown
4) Write S for the objects that can only slide and R for the objects that can only roll
and SRthat can
for the slide
objects thatand roll.and roll.
can slide 7
Write S for the objects that can only slide and R for
the objects that can only roll and SR for the objects
that can slide and roll.
This
This Photo by
Th
This
This Photo by
Th

This Photo by

This Photo by
Lab Activity
Lab Activity
Draw the solid shapes in the dotted sheet.
Draw the solid shapes in the dotted sheet.
80
PATTERNS
PATTERNS
PATTERNS
Repeatedshapes
Repeated shapesmakemakeaapattern.
pattern. Patterns
Patterns add
add beauty
beautytotothe
the
Repeated
objects.
objects. We shapes
We find make a pattern.
patterns
find patterns in Leaves,
in Leaves, Patterns
flowers,add
flowers, beauty
clothes,
clothes, to the
floors
floors
PATTERNS
building
objects.
building We etc.
etc.find patterns in Leaves, flowers, clothes, floors
Repeated shapes make a pattern. Patterns add beauty to the objects. We find patterns
building
Observe
in leaves, etc.the
flowers, pattern
clothes, in
floors, the given
building etc.pictures.
This Photo
This Photo
Observe the pattern in the given pictures. This Photo
Observe
Observe theinpattern
the pattern
Patterns in in the
the given
buildings given pictures.
pictures.
Patterns in buildings
Patterns
Patterns in buildings
in buildings
Patterns in tiles
Patterns in tiles
Patterns in tiles
Patterns in tiles
Patterns in animals
Patterns in animals
Patterns in animals
Patterns in animals
9
9
81
Patterns in plants
Patterns in
Patterns in plants
plants
This Photo by
This Photoby
ThisPhoto by
Th
Patterns
Patternsin plants
in plants TThPhhiso
is
is Pto
Phhob
This Photo by
ot toy U
o bbyn
This Photo by kn
y UU
nnkokw
This Photo by
This Photo by This Photo by Unknown Author nnoonwA
This Photo by Unknown Author wnnAuAth
This Photo by Unknown Author
Th uut othr
is hoor
Ph r
ot
ob
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nk
Patterns inin
Patterns
Patterns shapes.
This Photo by
in shapes.
shapes.This Photo by Unknown Author wn A
no
ut
ho
r
Patterns in shapes
Patterns in shapes.
Here,
Here,
Here,
Here, rectangle
therectangle
rectangle
shapes isisisrepeated
are repeated repeated
repeated afterthe
after
after
in a particular thetriangle.
the triangle.
triangle.
sequence.
This is ‘repeated pattern’.
This
This is isis
This repeatedpattern.
repeated
repeated pattern.
pattern.
Here, rectangle is repeated after the triangle.
This is repeated pattern.
Here,
Here, the
the size
ofsize of the
of the circle
circle keeps increasing.
keeps increasing.
Here, the size of the circle keeps increasing.
Here, the size the circle keeps increasing.
is ‘growing
ThisThis
This pattern’.
growing
is growing pattern.
pattern.
This is isgrowing pattern.
Here, the size of the circle keeps increasing.
This is growing pattern.
Here, the
Here, the shape
shape is
is rotated
rotated in
in clockwise
clockwise direction.
direction.
Here, the shape is rotated in clockwise direction.
Here, the shape
This
This is rotated in
rotational
is rotational
is clockwise direction.
pattern.
pattern.
This
This is rotational
is ‘rotational pattern.
pattern’.
EXPERIENTIAL
EXPERIENTIAL
Here, LEARNING
the shape is LEARNING
rotated in clockwise direction.
EXPERIENTIAL
EXPERIENTIAL LEARNING
LEARNING
1)Draw
1)Draw
This aa rangoli
rangolipattern.
is rotational in your
in your note
note book
book using
using only
only 22 shapes.
shapes.
1) Draw a rangoli in your note book using only 2 shapes.
1)Draw a rangoli
2)Make in your
border strips noterepeated
using book using only
pattern 2 shapes.
and rotational
2)Make border
2) EXPERIENTIAL
Make border strips strips
LEARNING
using usingpattern
repeated repeated patternpattern.
and rotational and rotational
pattern.
2)Make border strips using repeated pattern and rotational
pattern.
1)Draw a rangoli in your note book using only 2 shapes.
pattern.
2)Make border strips using repeated pattern and rotational 1010
pattern. 10
82
10
Exercise 3
Exercise 2
I) Observe the pattern and continue.
I)Exercise 3 pattern and continue
Observe the
I)
1)Observe the pattern and continue.
_____ _____ _____ _____
Exercise 3
I)
_____ _____ _____ _____
2)
Exercise 3 ____ _____ _____ _____
2)
I) _____ _____ _____ _____
Exercise 3 ____ _____ _____ _____
3) _______________________
I)
1) _____ _____ _____ _____
3) ____ _____ _____ _____
_______________________
4) ____ ____ ____ _____
1)
2) _____ _____ _____ _____
3)
4) _______________________
____ ____ _____
_____ ____
__________
_____
5) _____ ____
2)
4)
5)
3) ____ ____ _____
_____
_____ ____
__________
_______________________ _____
____
Patterns in numbers.
We find patterns in numbers too. Number patterns can be
5)
3)
formed
Patterns
4) byinarranging
numbers. the numbers in a_____
____ _____
_______________________
particular
____ ____ ____
way._____
Observe the number
We find patterns pattern too. Number patterns can be
in numbers
formed
Patterns
4) Ø by
5 arranging
in
10numbers.
15 20the numbers
25 30 in
____
35 a. particular
. .____ way.Have
____ _____
you
5) _____ _____
observed____
the
Observe the number
We find patterns pattern too. Number patterns can
in numbers pattern in
be
tables?
Ø 10
formed by 20 30 10
arranging 20 30 in
the numbers 10a. particular
.. way.
Have you
5) Ø 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 .
_____ . . _____
observed ____
the
Patterns in numbers.
pattern in
Observe the number
Ø 99patterns pattern
96 93 90 87 84
We find
Ø 10 20 30in numbers
10 20 30 too. 81 ...
Number
10 . . . patterns can Havebe
tables?
you
Ø 5 10 15
formed byinarranging 20 25 30 35 . . .
the numbers in a particular way. observed the
Patterns numbers.
Ø 110 220 330 440 550 . . . pattern in
Ø
Observe99 96
the20 93
number 90 87
pattern 84 81 . . . tables?
We find
Ø 10patterns 30in numbers
10 too. Number
20 30 10 . . . patterns can be
Have you
formed by
5 arranging
1022015 330
20the numbers
25 30 in a. particular
83 35
way.
Ø 110
Ø 440 550 . . .. . observed the
Ø 99the96
Observe 93 90
number 87 84 81 . . .
pattern pattern in 11
tables?
Ø 10 20 30 10 20 30 10 . . . Have you
Patterns in numbers
We find patterns in numbers too. Number patterns can be formed by arranging the
numbers in a particular way.
Observe the number pattern
u
Have yo he
e d t
 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 . . . observ ables?
in t
pattern
 10 20 30 10 20 30 10 . . .
 99 96 93 90 87 84 81 . . .
 110 220 330 440 550 . . .
 12 123 1234 12345 . . .
Exercise 3
I) Identify the number pattern and continue.
a) 8 , 18 , 28 , 38 , ____ , ____ , ____
b) 206 ,204 ,202, 200, ____ ,____ ,____
c) 1 , 3 , 6 , 10 , 15 , _____ , ____ ,____
d) 3000, 3002 ,3004, ____ , _____ , ____
e) 1, 2, 4 , 8 , 16 , 32 , ____ , ____ , ____
f) 800 , 400 , 200 , ____ , ____ , ____
g) 666 , 665 , 664 , ____ , ____ , ____
h) 121 , 131 , 141 , ____ ,____ , ____
84
number pattern from 50 to 100.
Identify the pattern

A. 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 = 15
II) Write the odd number pattern from 1 to 50 and the even number pattern
11 + 12 + 13 + 14 + 15 = 65
from 50 to 100.
21 + 22 + 23+ 24 + 25 = 115
Identify
31 + 32 + 33 + 34 + 35 = ____the pattern What is
A. 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 = 15 added?
11 + 12 + 13 + 14 + 15 = 65
B. 1 +11 + 21+ 31 + 41 = 105
21 + 22 + 23+ 24 + 25 = 115
31 2+ +3212+ +22
33 ++34
32++35
42==____
110
3 + 13 + 23 + 33 + 43 = 115
B. 1 +11 + 21+ 31 + 41 = 105
4 + 14 + 24 + 34 + 44 = ____
2 + 12 +22 + 32 + 42 = 110
3 + 13 + 23 + 33 + 43 = 115
4 + 14 + 24 + 34 + 44 = ____ 12
Tiling Patterns
We see the patterns in tiles on the floors and walls.
Tiles are placed adjacent to each other without leaving a gap or overlapping.
Look at the tiling pattern.
Shape of the tiles used: _______ __________
____________
85
Draw 2 tiling patterns using any 2 flat shapes.
Higher order Thinking Skills

Name 2 shapes that cannot be used
to make Tiling patterns. Why?
Ans. _________ , _________
Practice Exercises
1) Name the shape and write the number of faces, edges and vertices.
a) Flat faces = Name _______
Vertices =
Straight edges = Curved edges =
b) Flat faces = Name _______
Vertices =
Straight edges = Curved edges =
c) Curved face = Name _______
Flat face = Straight edges =
Vertex =
86
d) Flat face = Name _______
Curved face =
Vertex =
2) Circle the objects that can
2) Circle theonly
objects
roll in that
Greencan
Green
only roll inonly slide in Red
in Red
only slideboth roll and slide in Blue.
both roll and slide in Blue.
This Photo by
This Photo by This Photo by Unknown
This Photo by

ills
k
ngS
i k
hinThin
k
T
Why do we buy travelling bags with wheels?
Why do we buy travelling bags with wheels?
15
87
3) Continue the pattern
a) 123, 127, 131, ____ , ____ , ____
b) 640, 630, 620, ____ , _____ , ____
c) 3)
Continue
1, 3, 9, the
3) Continue
27,pattern.
____ , _____ , _____
the pattern.
3)3) Continue
Continuethe ,,the pattern.
pattern.
3)a) 123
123 ,, 127
a)Continue 127 the 131
131 3) ,,Continue
pattern. ____
____ ,, ____
3) Continue
____ the,, pattern.
____
____ the pattern.
3)123Continue the pattern.
d)
3)a)3)
a)
a)
b) 6,
123
640
Continue
Continue
b) 123
,
640, ,12716,
,
,127
127
630 26,___,
,
630, ,131
,,131
131
620
the
the
620 a)
, ,,____
____
____
pattern.
pattern.
, ,____
123
____ ___,
a)
, ,
,
, ,127
____
123
____
_____
,____
_____ ____
,, 131
,
127
,____
, ____
____
, ____
, ,____
, ____
131 , ,____ ____, ,____
____, ____
b)a)
b)
c) 1
123
640
640 , , ,,630
3 ,
127
630
9 , ,27 ,,620
131
620
, , ,,____
____
____
____ , , ,,_____
_____
____
_____ ,
,, ____
_____ ,____
____
b)a)
c)640
1123 , 3, ,630
, 127
9 , ,27 ,620131
, b) , ,____
____ ____
640 ,b) ,_____
, ,630
640
_____ ____ ,,,620 630,, ____
_____ ____
,, ____
620 , ,____ _____ , _____
, ____, ____
a)
e)c) 123
b)

c)
d) , ,33,,,,32
11640
1234,
64 ,9127
630
9,,,27 4123,
27
16
, ,620 131
,,_____
,____
____ , ____,,,,_____
3412, ____
_____, _____
_____ , ,,,_____
_____ ____
_____
_____
, ____, ____
, ____ ,_____
b)
c)d)164 640
, 3, ,32 , 630
9 ,, 27 , 620
16 ,,_____ ____ , ____
c) 1 ,, 3,_____ c)_____
,1 ,
9,3 _____
27 , ,,_____
9
,_____,
____ ____
, 27 , ,____ _____ , _____
, _____ , _____
c) 164,, 3,32 , 9, ,16
, 1627,_____ , ____, ,,_____ _____ , ,,,,_____
_____
b)d) d)
e)
c)
d)e)64
64
64011234
1234, 3, 32
, 630
,94123
, 32, ,4123 , 27
16 ,_____ , ,_____
,,620
3412
____
, d)
3412 ,
64, ,d) ,, _____
____
_____
_____
_____
32 64, 16
_____ , ,32,
_____
_____
____
_____
,_____
,_____
, 16 ,_____
____ ,_____ ,
, _____ ____
, _____
, _____ , _____
e)d)
e) 64
1234
1234 , 32 , 16 ,,_____
, ,4123
4123 ,3412
3412,_____ ,,_____
_____
_____ ,,____
,_____ _____
____ ,_____
,_____
f) e)e)1f)1234
c) f)
d) 64
1234
,
, 3 ,, ,9 32 ,
4123
4123
16
, 27 ,_____
, 3412 , ____
e)
, 3412
1234 ,
,_____
e) _____
_____,1234
, _____
4123 ,
, _____ ,
, ,_____ _____
____
, ,4123
3412
, ____,_____
,_____
,,_____
, ,_____
,_____3412
,_____ _____ , _____
, ____, ,_____
____ ,_____
f)f)
g) ____ _____
_____ , ,_____
_____ ,_____
____ ___
e)
f)g) 1234 , 4123 , 3412
f) _____
____ , _____
f) , _____ ____ , ____ ,_____
,_____
_____ ___ _____
, _____ , _____
,_____,_____
d)g)64 g) , 32 , 16____
f) ,_____
_________ , _____
, _____ ____ , _____
,_____
____ ___
___
g) g)g) f) ____
g)
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_____g) , _____ ____ ,_____
________
____ ___
___ ____ ____ ___ ___
e) h) 1234
g)
h) , 4123 ,
____ 3412 , _____
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____
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h) h) ____
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h)
f)h)h) h) h) _____ ____ , _____
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i)
h)
i) ____ ____
____ _____ _____ ____
g) i)i) ____ ____
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This
I) i)i) i) i)____ _____ ____ ____ __________

ThisThis
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down in your
your choice. This
____ _____
4) Count
Count the the number
number of of triangles.
4) choice.
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of
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Look for patterns in your classroom, math lab, playground, dresses and at
home.
Note down in your note book and discuss with your teacher and16
Note down in your note book and discuss with your
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1616
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4) Count
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16
88
Observe and Continue the pattern
11 x 11 =121 11x 9 = 99
121 x 11 =1331 121 x 9 = 1089
131 x 11 = 1441 131 x 9 = 1179
141 x11 = 1551 141 x 9 = 1269
151 x 11 = _____ 151 x 9 = _____
161 x 11 = _____ 161 x 9 = _____
Social Skills
 Class 3 students are going by bus on an educational
trip.
On their way, they came across an elderly woman
selling handmade products.
They were made of palm leaves and bamboo.
The teacher stopped the bus and took the students to the
stall. She asked them to observe the shapes and patterns in
the items and she purchased a few products.
Can you identify the shapes?________________________
5) Identify the shape/pattern in the given picture

[This is a handwoven mat, made in
Pathamadai in Tamil Nadu. It is crafted
out of Korai grass. ]
[This is a handwoven Kashmiri carpet]
89
We must support the “Atmanirbhar Bharat” initiative of the Government
by encouraging local produce and purchasing goods manufactured in
India.
I) Identify the objects of the following solid shapes in your classroom, Math lab,
home or from your surroundings. List down the names here.
a) Cube - ___________ , _____________ , ___________
b) Cuboid - ____________ , ___________ , ____________
c) Cylinder - ____________ , ____________, ___________
d) Cone - ____________ , ____________ , ___________
e) Sphere - _____________ , ____________ , ___________
90
DIVISION
DIVISION
-
- IDIVISION
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arningLearning
Objectives:
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ng
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Number each
needed plate
_5
of plates= _5_. =needed
2. = _5_.
Number
The
Number
of biscuits
division
of plates fact
needed is 10=5. ÷2_10 =5
10Number
divided
The division of102fact
by is 10=_5
biscuits
equals
divided by
÷2in2=each
equals
5 plate
_5 = 2.
Number
10 divided
The of 2biscuits
by
division equals
fact
The is 5 ÷2
10 infact
division =each
5 is 10plate
÷2 = 5= 2.
Number of plates needed = _5_. 3
The division fact is 10 ÷2 = 5 3
Number of plates needed = _5_.
10 divided by 2 equals _5 93 3 3
10The
divided by 2fact
division equals
is 10 _5
÷2 = 5
2) 2) There
There are
are 20 20 ducks.
ducks. Divide
Divide them them into
into groups groups of 4 each.
of 4 each.
Number of ducks = 20
Number of ducks = __20__ Read aloud
Ducks in each group = 4
Ducks in each group = _4_ Dividend
Number of groups = 5
20Number
divided byof4 groups
equals 5. = _5 Divisor
The20 divided
division fact by
is 204÷equals
4 = 5 5. quotient
The division fact is 20 ÷ 4 = 5 Read aloud

 The terms used in division are
The terms
Dividend used in division
the number whichare
is to be divided Dividend
Dividend
Divisor --the
thenumber
number which
which isthe
divides to be divided
given number Divisor
Divisor
Quotient Division answer
 number
–the which divides the given number quotient
In 20 ÷ 4 = 5, 20 is dividend, 4 is divisor and 5 is quotient.
Quotient – Division answer
We do division to find the number of objects in each
In group
20 ÷ 4and
= also
5, 20to is dividend,
find 4 is
the number of divisor
groups. and 5 is quotient.
We do division when we find the number of objects in each
Value based Activity
group and also to find the number of groups.
Purabhi saw her Thakurama (grandma in Bengali) arranging
Value
sareesbased Activity
in a cupboard.
Purabhi saw
She asked herher Thakurma(grandma
whether she needs any help. in Bengali) arranging
sarees in a asked
Thakurama cupboard.
to arrange her 24 sarees equally in the cupboard
which has 4 racks. Purabhi tried and arranged them equally in 4
She asked her whether she needs any help.
racks.
Thakurma
How many told her
sarees to placed
were arrange herrack
in each 24 by
sarees equally in the
her? _____
cupboard which has 4 racks. Purabhi tried and arranged them
If Thakurama asked her to place the saree in 3 racks, how many sarees will be
equally in 4 racks.
placed in each rack? Ans. _________.
How many sarees were placed in each rack by her? Ans._____
If Thakurma asked her to place in 3 racks, how many sarees
will be placed in each rack? Ans. _________.
94
4
Exercise-1 Exercise 1
I) Fillininthe
I) Fill the blanks.
blanks
a) a)
Divide
Divide16 bindhis
16 bindhis into
into twotwo groups.
groups.
Exercise-1
Exercise-1
I) Fill in the blanks.
Exercise-1
a) Divide 16 bindhis into two groups.
a)I)Divide
Total Fill in16
number thebindhis
ofblanks.
bindhis
into= two
_______
groups.
Total a)
number of bindhis = _______
Divide 16 bindhis into two groups.
Number of groups = ________
Number of groups = ________
Number of bindhis in each group = _______
Totalofnumber of bindhis = _______
Number bindhis
Total number in each
of bindhis group = _______
= _______
Number
____
Total ofby
divided
numbergroups = ________
___bindhis
of equals=______.
_______
Number
____ of groups
divided = ________
by ___ equals ______.
Numberof ofgroups
Number
Division
Number fact is bindhis in________
in =each
each group = _______
_____________.
of bindhis group = _______
Division fact
____ is _____________.
divided by ___ equals ______.
Number
____ of bindhis
divided by ___ in each ______.
equals group = _______
Division
____ fact isbyWho
divided is correct?
_____________.
___ equals ______.
Division fact is _____________.
Who is correct? Who is correct?
Amith fact
Division did is16÷2
_____________.
Who is correct? Sanam
This
did 2 ÷ 16
Amith did 16÷2
Who is correct?ThisSanam did 2 ÷ 16
This
Sanam did 2 ÷ 16
b)DivideAmith
15 stars into
did 16÷2 3 groups.
Amith15
b)Divide did 16÷2
stars into 3 groups. Sanam did 2 ÷ 16
b)DivideAmith did 16÷2 Sanam did 2 ÷ 16
This
15 stars into 3 groups.
b) Divide
b)Divide 15 stars intogroups.
15 stars into 3 3 groups.
Total number of stars= _____.

Total number
Total number of stars=_____.
of stars= _____.
Total Number
Total
number of groups
number = _______.
of stars=
of stars= _____.
_____.
Number
Number ofofgroups
groups ==_______.
_______.
Numberof
Number ofgroups
stars in=each group = ______.
_______.
stars in=each
Numberofofstars
groups group = ______.
_______.
Number15 divided in each group = ______.
by 3 equals _____.
15Number of stars
divided by in each
3 equals group = ______.
_____.
Number
15 Division
divided of
Division
stars
by 3
fact
in each
equals
is
group
_____.= ______.
______________.
15 divided by 3 equals _____.
fact is ______________.
15 Division
divided
2)Fill inby
Division the3 ______________.
equals
boxes._____.
2)Fill infact is
thefact is
boxes.______________.
a) Divide 6 ice creams into groups of 2 each.
a) 2)Fill
Division
2)Fill in the
Divide in6 the
fact boxes.
is ______________.
boxes.
ice creams into groups of 2 each.
a) Divide 6 ice creams into 6 ÷ 2 = of 2 each.
6 ÷ groups
2=
T T T T T T 6÷2= 5
6÷2= 5
T T T T T T
T T T T T T 5
95
T T T T T T 5
Number
Total of groups
number = ________
of stars=
15 divided by_____.
3 equals _____.
b)Divide 15 stars into 3 groups.
Numberofofgroups
Number bindhis= in each group = _______
_______.
Division fact is ______________.
____ divided
Number of starsbyin___eachequals
group______.
= ______.
Division
2)Fill
2) in
Fill in the
the boxes.
boxes
15 dividedfact
by 3is equals
_____________.
_____.
a) Divide
a) DivideWho 66 icecreams
ice into groups of 2 each.
is creams
Division fact is ______________. correct?into groups of 2 each.
2)Fill inAmith did 16÷2
the boxes. 6 ÷ 2 =did 2 ÷ 16
Sanam
This
Number of groups = _______.

a)b)Divide
Divide 615
icestars
creamsinto into
3 groups.
groups of 2 each.
Number of stars
T T
in each group
T T T= ______.
T 5
. b) Divide612
15 divided by 3 equals _____.
÷62÷flowers
=2 = into groups of 3 each
Division .isb)
b) Divide
T T T fact T Divide
12 T 12 into
T flowers flowers
______________. groupsinto
of 3groups
each of 3 each5
2)Fill in the boxes.
Number of groups = _______.
12 ÷ 3 =
6=12
÷ 2÷=3 =
12 ÷ 3
Number of stars in each group = ______.
T T Tc)
15 divided
c) Divide 18 vadas into groups of 6 each
c)by
Divide
Divide 1818
T vadas
3 Tequals T into groups of 6 each
vadas
_____. into groups of 6 each 5
Division fact is ______________.

2)Fill in the boxes. T T T
ThTh Th Thi
Thi T T Th Th T TT TT
TT TT 18
18T÷T÷66==Th
Th Th Th Th Th T TTh ThT T
6 18
÷ 2÷=6 =
T T T T T Higher Order Thinking Skills

T 5
How would you arrangeHigher order Thinking skills

50 ice cream sticks in equal groups in all possible ways.
Higher order Thinking skills
Think about the division facts. How many division facts have you got?
How would you arrange 50 ice cream sticks in equal groups in all possible ways.
How would you arrange 50 ice cream sticks in equal groups in all possible ways.
Exercise 2
Application of division in real life
Exercise-2
a) Sushma’s mother prepared 40 chapatis. She served it equally
Application of division
among 8 people. in real life
Exercise-2
a) Sushma’s mother prepared 40 chapatis.
How many chapatis did each get?
Application of division in real life
She served
Write the itdivision
equallyfact.among 8 people.
a) Sushma’s mother prepared 40 chapatis.
How many fact:
Division chapatis did each
__________. Eachget?
got ____chapatis.
She served it equally among 8 people.
Write the division fact. This Photo by
How many
Division chapatis
fact: did each
__________. Eachget?
96 ____chapatis.
got
Write thehas
b) Mohit division fact. He planted 10 saplings in a row.
100 saplings.
This Photo by
b) Mohit has 100 saplings. He planted 10 saplings in a row.
Find the number of rows he planted.
Division fact: ____________. Number of rows =____
c) Manasa has 14 peanut candies. Her mother asked her

to share them equally with her brother. How many peanut
candies did each get?
Division fact: _______. Each got _______ candies.
d) A factory produces 56 toys in a day. If 8 toys are packed
in a carton, how many cartons are needed for a day?
Division fact: _______. Number of cartons needed =____
e) Keshav invited few friends on his birthday.
His mother prepared 21 dhoklas.
She distributed 3 dhoklas to each of his friends and
no dhoklas were left.
How many friends were invited?
Division fact: ______. Number of friends invited______.
f) There are 7 strings in a veena. How many veenas can be

made with 28 such strings?
Division fact: ________.
Number of veenas made = _________
Facts Corner
Veena is one of the oldest Indian musical stringed instruments. It is made from
the wood of jack fruit tree. Tanjore veenas are famous all over the world.
97
Art integrated Activity
Art Art
integrated Activity
integrated Activity
1)Take 40 beads. Make 5 Rakhis by using the beads equally.

1) Take 40 beads. Make 5 Rakhis by using the beads equally.

2) Take 24 ice cream sticks and make houses as shown below by using them equall

2) Take 24 ice cream sticks and make houses as shown below by using them equally.
2) Take 24 ice cream sticks and make houses as shown below by using
How many houses can be made?
them equally.
How many houses were you able to make?

3)Using3)Using the dots
the drawdraw
3)Using
dots similar
dotsrangolis.
the similar draw similar rangolis.
rangolis.
3)Using
How many the
3) Using dots
the
rangolis draw
dots similar
candraw rangolis.
similar
be done rangolis.
using
How many How many
rangolis rangolis
can be done can
usingbe done using
the given dots?
How theHow many
many
given the rangolis
rangolis
dots? can can be done using the given
be
given dots? done using
the
Can Can given
dots?
you dots?
guess the division fact?fact?
you guess the division
CanCan youyou Can you guess the division fact?
guess guess
thethe division
division fact?
fact?


DivisionDivision by subtraction
by subtraction method.method.
Division by subtraction method.
Division
Letby
ussubtraction
divide divide method.
15 carrots among 5 rabbits.
LetLet
us 15 carrots among
Division by subtraction
us divide 15 carrots among5 method.
rabbits.
5 rabbits.
Let us divide 15 carrots among 5 rabbits.
Let us divide 15 carrots among 5 rabbits.
FirstFirst
givegive
First 1 carrot
give totoeach
11carrot
carrot rabbit.
to each
each rabbit.
rabbit.
First give 1 carrot to each rabbit.
First give 1 carrot to each rabbit.
We left
are left with carrots. 15
1010carrots. 15– –15
5 =5 10
WeWe
are with
are left with 10 carrots. –= 510= 10
We Out
areofleft
10,with
give 110 carrots.
more 15each
carrot to – 5rabbit.
= 10
8
We are left with 10 carrots. 15 – 5 = 10 8
8
98
Outofof10,
Out 10,give
give11more
morecarrot
carrottotoeach
eachrabbit.
rabbit.
We
We
We are
are
are left
leftleft with
with
with 55carrots.
carrots.
5 carrots. =10
5 ––55==55
10 – 5 10
Out
Outof of
5, givegive
1 more carrot to each rabbit.
Out of 5,5,give 11more
more carrot
carrot totoeach
eachrabbit.
rabbit.
Now, we are left with 0 carrots. 5 – 5 = 0

Now,we
Now, weare
areleft
leftwith carrots.55––55==00
with00carrots.
15 – 5 – 5 – 5 = 0. Number of steps = 3
15–rabbit
15
Each –55––5has
5––55==
got 30.0.Number
Number
carrots. 5 of
15 ÷ of 3steps==33
=steps
Each
Here,
Each werabbit hasgot
have has
rabbit done gotdivision
the 33carrots.
carrots. 15÷÷55==the
by subtracting
15 33 same number repeatedly till we
got 0.
Here,we
Here, wehave
havedone
donethe the division by subtracting the same
Repeated subtraction is division.division by subtracting the same
numberrepeatedly
number repeatedlytill tillwe
wegot
got0.0.
Value based question
Repeated
Pintu wasRepeated
sitting subtraction
subtraction
with her isisdivision.
Aaji.(Grandmotherdivision.
in Marathi)
Value
Value based
Pintu:based
Aaji , I amquestion
hungry. Please give me some biscuits.
question
Aaji : There are 12 biscuits in this packet.
Pintuwas
Pintu wassitting
sitting withher
her Aaji.(GrandmotherininMarathi)
Marathi)
Take only 3with
biscuits Aaji.(Grandmother
a day.
Pintu:Aaji
Pintu: Aaji, ,I am
I amhungry.
hungry.Please
Pleasegive
giveme
mesome
somebiscuits.
biscuits.
Pintu: ‘Thank you Aaji’.
Aaji: There
Aaji : There are12
Pintuare
eats 312biscuits
biscuits
biscuits ininthis
every this
day.packet.
packet.
Takeonly
Take In how
only many days
3 3biscuits
biscuits will the biscuit packet get over?
a aday.
day.
Ans.____________
Pintu:‘Thank
‘ThankyouyouAaji’.
Aaji’.
Pintu:
Pintueats
Pintu eats3 3biscuits
biscuitsevery
everyday.
day.
InInhow
howmany
manydays
dayswill
willthe
thebiscuit
biscuitpacket
packetget
getover?
over?
This
This
Ans.____________
Ans.____________
99 99
Division by repeated subtraction method.
 Division20by÷ 4.
Example-1. repeated subtraction
Subtract 4 repeatedly. method
Example-1. 20 ÷ 4.2Subtract
0 4 repeatedly.
First time -- 4 20
First time 16 – 4
Second time _ 4 16
Second time _ 4
1 2
12
Third time -- 4
Third time – 4
8 8
Fourthtime
Fourth time -- 4 – 4
4 4
Fifth
Fifthtime
time -- 4 – 4
0
0
4 can be repeatedly subtracted from 20, five times.
4 can be repeatedly subtracted from 20, five times.
So, 20 ÷ 4 = 5
So, 20 ÷ 4 = 5
This can also be represented on a number line.
This can also be represented on a number line.
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Here,4
Here,4 is subtracted
is subtracted 5 times
5 times from20.
from 20.
20 20
÷ 4÷=45= 5
Exercise-3
I)Divide by repeated subtraction method.
a) 14 ÷ 7 b) 24 ÷ 8
Exercised)318 ÷ 6
c) 45 ÷ 9
I) e) Divide
28 ÷ 7 by repeated
f) 30 subtraction
÷5 method
g) 21 ÷3 h) 28 ÷ 4
a) 14 ÷ 7 b) 24 ÷ 8 c) 45 ÷ 9 d) 18 ÷ 6
e) 28 ÷ 7 f) 30 ÷ 5 g) 21 ÷ 3 h) 28 ÷ 4
10
II) II)Divide
Divideusing thethe
using number line.
number line.a)
a)14
14÷÷22== b)18
b) 18÷÷33==
II) Divide using the number line. a) 14 ÷ 2 = b) 18 ÷ 3 =
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
0 1 2 3
Relation 4 5 6multiplication
between 7 8 9 10 11 and12division.
13 14 15 16 17 18
Relation
12 guavasbetween multiplication
are arranged in 2 rows and
100 division.
with 6 guavas in each row.
12 guavas are arranged in 2 rows with 6 guavas in each row.
This This This This
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
 0 1 2 between
Relation 3 4 5 multiplication
6 7 8 9 10 11and 12 division
13 14 15 16 17 18
Relation between multiplication and division.
Relation between multiplication and division.
Relation
12 guavas betweeninmultiplication
are arranged and division.
2 rows with 6 guavas in each row.
12 guavas are12arranged
guavas in 2
are rows with
arranged 6
in guavas
2 rows in each
with 6 row. in each row.
guavas
12 guavas are arranged in 2 rows with 6 guavas in each row.

This This This
This This This This
This This This This This This This

This This
Multiplication fact is 2This
This
Multiplication x 6This
= 12This
122fact is 12
2 x 6 = 12
Multiplication
Multiplication fact is 2 xfact6 = is x6=
IfIf we divide
we divide
If we 1212 Ifguavas
we12
guavas
divide 2in
divide
in guavas212rows,
rows, guavas
we
in 2get we get
in 26
6 guavas
rows, we guavas
rows,6we
in each
get in each
get
row.
guavas row.row.
6inguavas
each in each row.
So,1212÷ 2÷So,
So, =26= 126÷So,2 =12 6÷2=6
This
This ThisThis This This This
If we divide ThisThis This

we12in guavas in 6get
rows, we get 2we
guavas 2inguavas
each
row.row.
This This
IfIf we divide
divide 1212 Ifguavas
guavas divide
6in 612rows,
rows, guavas
we we in 62
get rows,
2 guavas
This
guavas
in each get
in each
row. in each row.
12÷÷So,
So, 12
So, 66 = 2=122÷So,6 =12
2÷6=2
2 x 6 = 12 2 x 6 = 12
2 x 6 = 12
12 ÷ 2= 6 12 ÷ 2= 6 12 ÷ 6 = 2 12 ÷ 6 = 2
12 ÷ 2= 6 12 ÷ 6 = 2
Exercise-4
Exercise-4
Exercise-4
Write the division facts for the given multiplication fact.
a) 5 x 3 = 15
a) 5 x 3 = 15 Exercise 4
a) 5 x 3 = 15
Write the division facts for the given multiplication fact 11
11
11
a) 5 x 3 = 15
Division facts = __________ and __________
b) 10 x 4 = 40
c) 7 x 8 = ___
101
d) 6 x 6 = ___.
Division fact = _________
e) 9 x 3 = ___
Division fact = _________ and __________
 Division using multiplication tables

Example. We can use multiplication table of 10 to find the quotient.
a) 30 ÷ 10 = 3 10 x 3 = 30
b) 70 ÷ 10 = 7 10 x 7 = 70
c) 100 ÷ 10 =
d) 40 ÷ 10 =
Exercise 5
1) Divide using multiplication tables
a) 8 ÷ 2 = ___ (2 x __= 8 ) e) 16 ÷ 4 = ___
b) 15 ÷ 3 = ___ (3 x __ = 15) f) 20 ÷ 5 = ___
c) 21 ÷ 7 = ___ (7 x __ = 21) g) 42 ÷ 6 = ___
d) 45 ÷ 5 = ___ (5 x __ = 45) h) 56 ÷ 7 = ____
2) Answer the following

a) How many fours are there in 28?_______
b) How many sevens are there in 56? ______
c) How many twos are in 20? ______
d) How many times can you take out 9 from 45? _______
e) How many times can you take out 8 from 48? _______
4) Write the multiplication table of 2, 5 and 10 and write the

division facts.
102
e) How many times can you take out 8 from 48? _______
d)How many times can you take out 9 from 45? _______
4) Write the multiplication table of 2 ,5 and 10 and write the
e) 4)
HowWrite
many the
c) How
multiplication
times can
many you
twos aretake
table
out
in 20?
of 248?
8 from
______
,5 and 10 and write the
_______
Division facts.
Division
4) Write the
d)How facts.
multiplication table
many times can you of 2 out
take ,5 and 1045?
9 from and_______
write the
Activity
Activity
Activity
Division e) facts.
How many times can you take out 8 from 48? _______
Take 18 pencils. How many times can you take away 3 pencils?
Activity 4) Write the multiplication table of 2 ,5 and 10 and write the
Division facts.
Activity
Properties of division
Properties
 Properties of division
of division
Properties of division
v8 Iftomatoes
8 tomatoes are to in
be1 basket,
packed in 1 basket, it will
• Ifv are to be packed
If 8 tomatoes are to be packed it willinhave all the 8 tomatoes.
1 basket, it will
v If 8have all the
tomatoes
Properties are
of 8 to
tomatoes.
be packed in 1 basket, it will
division
have all the 8 tomatoes.
have all
v the 8 tomatoes.
If 8 tomatoes are to be packed in 1 basket, it will
have all the 8 tomatoes.
This
This This This
This This
This This
This This
So,
So, 8 ÷ 8 ÷ 1= 8
1=
This
This8 This
This
This This
ThisThis
This This
So, 8 ÷ 81=÷ 81= 8
So, This
This This This Photo byThis Photo by Unknown
Unknown
This This
So, 8 ÷This1=This8 2150 ÷ 1=2150
12 ÷ 1 = 12 143 ÷ 1 = 143
12 ÷ 1 = 12
12 ÷ 1 = 12 143 ÷ 1 = 143 2150 ÷ 1=2150
143 ÷ 1 = 143 2150 ÷ 1=2150
2150 ÷ 1=2150
Any
Any number
number divided
12 ÷ 1 = 12
divided bygives
by 1, 1, gives the same
143 ÷ 1 = 143
the same number
number as the as the
Any number
Any divided
number dividedbyby1,1,gives
gives the
the same
same number
numberasas the the
as
Quotient.
 Any
Quotient. number divided by 1, gives the same number the
Quotient.
Quotient.
quotient.
vv If 4If books
4 books
If 4are are divided
divided
books are equally
equally
divided among
equally among 44 students,
4 students,
among students,
• Ifv If 4vbooks
4 books areequally
are divided divided
amongequally among
4 students, 4 students,
each student will get 1 book.
each
each student
student
each will will 1get
get will
student 1 book.
book.
get 1 book.
each student will get 1 book.
1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 4 ÷ 4 = 1
1 1 1 4 ÷1 4 = 1
4 ÷ 4 = 131
4 ÷ 413 = 1
13 ÷ 13 = 1 204 ÷ 204 = 1 3150 ÷ 3150 =1
13
13
AnyAny
number divided
number by itself,
divided gives 1gives
by itself, as the1quotient
as the quotient.
103
v If ‘ 0 ‘Chocolates are divided among 4 children,
each child will get ‘0 ‘chocolates.
13 ÷ 13 = 1 204 ÷ 204 = 1 3150 ÷ 3150 =1
Any number divided by itself, gives 1 as the quotient.
Anyv
number divided by itself,
If ‘ 0 ‘Chocolates gives 1among
are divided as the 4quotient.
children,
• If ‘ 0 ‘Chocolates are divided among
v If ‘ 0 ‘Chocolates 4 children,
are divided each child
among will get ‘0 ‘chocolates.
4 children,
each child will get ‘0 ‘chocolates.
each child will get ‘0 ‘chocolates. 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0
0÷4=0
0 ÷ 4 =0 0÷ 4 = 0
0 ÷ 15 = 0 0 ÷ 512 = 0 0 ÷ 6423 = 0
0 ÷ 15 = 0 0 ÷ 512 = 0 0 ÷ 6423 = 0
When00is
 When is divided
dividedbybyany number,
any the quotient
number, is 0. is 0.
When 0 is divided by any number, thethe quotient
quotient is 0.
 Division by Zero is not defined.
We can’t divide
We can’t divide
When we
When we subtract
subtract00from
from4 repeatedly, we we
4 repeatedly, get get
4. 4.
any number by 0.
any number by 0.
44 44 44
-- 0
-- 0
--
--
0
0
--
--
0
0 Exercise 6
Fill in44the box44 4
4
This
This
8Exercise-6
a) Exercise-6
÷8= g) 0 ÷ 205 =
b) 0Fill
÷ 6 in
= the
box. h) 52 ÷ =1
Fill in the box.
c) 14 a)
÷ 8 ÷=81 = i) g) 0 ÷ ÷205
412 =
=1
a) 8 ÷ 8 = g) 0 ÷ 205 =
d) b)÷ 04 =÷ 06 = j) h) 728
52 ÷÷ 728 = = 1
b)
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b) 36 ÷ 4 =
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This Photo by This Photo by This Photo by
104
c) 6÷6=
a) Practice Exercises. 16 ÷ 2 =
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27 marbles into groups of 3 each and write the division fact.
2) Answer the following.
a) Divide 27 marbles into groups of 3 each and write the
division fact.
b) There are 2 pens in a packet. Arjun needs 14 pens.
How many
How manypackets should
packets hehe
should buy?
buy?
He should buy ____ packets. Division fact: ________
He should
b) There arebuy ____ packets.
2 pens DivisionArjun
in a packet. fact: ________
needs 14 pens.
How many packets should he buy? 15 15
How many packets should he buy?

b)
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He should pens in apackets.
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Arjun needs 14 pens.
fact: ________
He should buy ____ packets. Division fact: ________
c) How manybought
Rachana packets20should
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andbuy?
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Heeach of her
should buyfriends.
____ She did not
packets. have any
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fact: left.
________
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_______ friends. Division fact: ________ 15
d) There were 18 rasgullas in a bowl. If 3 rasgullas were served

in each of the plates available and no rasgullas were left,
how many plates were there?
______ plates were needed. Division fact: _______
3) Divide by repeated subtraction method

a) 8 ÷ 2 b) 18 ÷ 3 c) 42 ÷ 6 d) 35 ÷ 5
4) Write the dividend, divisor and quotient
a) 40 ÷ 5 = 8 b) 35 ÷ 7= 5 c) 80 ÷ 10 = 8
105
5) Divide using multiplication tables
a) 25 ÷ 5 = e) 36 ÷ 4 = i) 49 ÷ 7 =
b) 70 ÷ 10 = f) 42 ÷ 6 = j) 28 ÷ 1 =
c) 32 ÷ 8 = g) 27 ÷ 3 = k) 0 ÷ 73 =
d) 81 ÷ 9 = h) 56 ÷ 7 = l) 12 ÷ 12 =
Activity
Arun has ` 60 in his piggy bank.
He wants to share it equally with his sister. How much
money will he share with her?
` 10 ` 10 ` 10 ` 10
`5 `5 `2 `2 `2 `1
Lab
ActivityLab Activity
` 1Activity
`1 `1
goes
ge
in 4the
baskets.
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Arrange
mangoes
in the
4 baskets.
equally
mangoes
in 4 equally
baskets.in 4 baskets.
Lab Activity
1) Arrange the
Arrange the mangoes
mangoes equally in 4 in
equally baskets
4 baskets.

asket
_____will
mangoes.
Each
havebasket ______will
mangoes.
have ______ mangoes.
ps
gmi,
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quired
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quired
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s
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find thefind the following.
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How many 100 mL cups of water are required to fill a 1000 mL
ards. 3)Arrange 18 balls equally in the cupboards.
many 100 ml cups of water are required to fill a 1000ml cup?
nge 18 balls equally in the cupboards.
ally in the cupboards.
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cups of water are required to fill 500 mL cup? PICTURE
Th of water are required to fill 500 ml cup?

106
3)Arrange 18 balls equally in the cupboards.
v

How many 500 ml cups of water are required to fill 1000 ml cup?
How many 100 ml cups of water are required to fill 500 ml cup? PICTURE
3) Arrange 18 balls equally in the racks of cupboards A,B,C,D

3)Arrange 18 balls equally in the cupboards.
v
Th Th Th Th
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A

B

C
17
Radha has 28 shells. She placed them equally in the pits.

How many shells were placed in each pit? Ans. __________
Facts Corner
Pallanguzhi is a traditional ancient game played

in Tamil Nadu. Shells, tamarind seeds or small
pebbles are used as counters. Playing this game
improves motor skills and numerical ability.
107
a) 16 ÷ 4=
6) Divide using the number line

b) 12 ÷ 3 =
a) 16 ÷ 4 = b) 12 ÷ 3 = c) 18 ÷ 2 =
d) 14 ÷ 7 = e) 10 ÷ 5 = f) 6 ÷ 6 =
7) Write division
7) Write facts for facts
division the given
for multiplication fact
the given multiplication fact.
7x6=42 12 x 10 =
3x40= x30=
600 ÷ = 20
18
8) Use the given set of numbers to make multiplication fact and division
facts
a) 8, 3, 24 b) 45, 9 , 5
c) 90, 10, 9 d) 14, 140, 10
9) Decide the operation and find the answer

a) 50 students can sit in a bus. How many buses are needed for 100 students?
Multiply / Divide Ans.______
b) The cost of a bat is ` 530. What is the cost of 3 such bats?
Multiply / Divide Ans. ________
c) Cost of a toy is ` 200. How many such toys can be bought with ` 600?
d) There are 20 desks in a classroom. How many desks are in 9 such classrooms?
108
Puzzle to puzzle you
Puzzle to puzzlePuzzle
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depth
Thinking skills
1) A frog is living near
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Selvam is a milkman. He has 6 cows. Each cow gives 3 litres of
15milk
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Art integrated activity
Artintegrated
Art integratedactivity
activity
Divide and colour the petals given in the picture.
Divide and colour
Divide
the petals
and colour
Divide and colour the petals givenin
given the
inDivide
the
petals
the picture.
and
given
colour
picture, in the
based the
Divide
onpicture.
petals
the andgiven
colour
quotient in the picture.
petals given in t
1) 35 ÷ 7
1) 35 ÷ 7 5 7
1) 3536÷ ÷7 9
2) 1) 35 ÷ 7 1) 355 ÷ 7 71)5 35 ÷ 7 7 5 7
2) 36 ÷ 9
2) 364 ÷÷ 91
3) 2) 36 ÷ 9 2) 36 ÷ 9 2) 36 ÷ 9
3) 4 ÷ 4 3) 4 ÷ 43) 4 ÷ 4 3) 4 ÷ 4 3) 4 ÷ 4
4) 56 ÷ 8
4) 56 ÷ 8 4) 56 ÷4)8 56 ÷ 8 4) 56 ÷ 8 4) 56 ÷ 8
5) 27 ÷ 3
5) 27 ÷ 3 5) 27 ÷5)3 27 ÷ 3 4 ÷3
5) 27 94 27 ÷ 34
5) 9 4 9 9
4 – green, 5 – yellow, 7 – red, 9 – blue

4 – green, 5 – yellow, 74––red,
4 – green, green, 5 –4yellow,
5 –9yellow,
– blue – – red,795–––red,
7 green, blue 94
– –blue
yellow, 7green,
– red, 5
9 – yellow,
blue 7 – red, 9 – b
20 20 20
109
DIVISION -II
DIVISION – II
DIVISION
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– II DIVISION
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– II
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Learning objectives.DIVISION – II
Learning
LearningLearning
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DIVISION Learning
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Learning division and long division
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T TT ÷
T T2groups.
T TTT T =
TTTT T TT T TT groups.
T
TT T
TT T TT T TT
T
b) 48 ÷ 6 = a) ______.
20 ÷ 2 = _____ .( 2 x 10 = 20)
b)
c)3)48
90 ÷÷ 610=using
Divide ______.
b)=48 ÷ 6 = ______.
_____.
tables
c)
d)a) 90 2 =c)
÷÷÷10
8820 11 90 ÷ 10
==_____ (2=
_____.
______. _____.
x 10 = 20)
b) 48 ÷ 6 =d)______
88 ÷ 11 = ______.
d)
e)88 54÷÷11 9 ==_____.
______.
c) 90 ÷ 10e)= 54 _____
÷ 9 = _____.
e) d) 54
÷
88 9
÷ =
f) 7 ÷ 7 = ______.
11 _____.
= ______
f) 7 ÷ 7 = ______.
f)4)e)7Find
÷547÷=9 =______.
_____
answer
4) Find using
answertables.
using tables.
f) 7 ÷ 7 = ______
4)a)Find
How answer
many
a) How using
eights tables.
manyineights
64? ______
in 64? ______
a)4) Find many
the answers using tables
b)How
How many eights
b) How many
times in 64?
times
threes ______
threes
in 27?in_______
27? _______
a) How many eights are there in 64? ______
b)
c)b)How
four many
Hownines
many in
times
c) four ninesthrees
_____.
times
in 27? _______
in _____.
threes is 27? _______
c) d) _____ tens
_____in 100.
d)c)four nines
Four
_____ ninesinare
tens _____.
inin100.
e) How many
d) _____ tens in 100 sevens in 35? ______
d)
e)_____
How manytens are
in 100.
sevens in 35? ______
e) How many sevens
5) Write aredivision
the in 35? ______
fact and then find the answer.
e)
5)How
Writemany
the sevens infact
division 35?and ______
then How
findmany
the answer.
a) 2 students can sit in
5) Write the division fact and then a desk.
find the answer desks are
5)
a)Write the needed
2 students division
can sit fact
forin
aa and
desk.
class then
How
of 20 find
manythe
students? answer.
desks are
a) 2 students can sit at a desk. How many desks are needed for a
This Photo by
a) 2needed
students
class of 20
forcan sitfact
students?
Division
a class inofa: _______.No.
desk.
20 How of
students?many desks
desks are_____.
needed=
Division fact : _______ No. of desks needed = _______ This Photo by
needed
Divisionfor a class
fact of 20 students?
: _______.No. of desks needed= _____.
This Photo by
b) 32 burfi are equally shared among 4 children.
b)Division
32 burfisfact
are :equally
_______.No. of desks
shared among needed=
4 children. _____.
How manyHow many
burfis burfi get?
did each did each get?
b) 32 burfi are equally shared among 4 children. This Photo by
Division
Division fact fact :No.
: _______ _______
of burfi. got
No.by
of each
burfi=got by each = ____.
_______
b) 32 burfi are equally shared
How many burfi did each get? among 4 children.
c)How many
48 books burfi
are didareeach get?
:equally arranged in 8 shelves. How many This Photo by
Division c)fact
48 _______
books . No.
equally of burfi got
arranged in 8by each How
shelves. = ____.
many
books will be there in 1 shelf? This Photo by
Division factbooks: _______
will be in. No. of burfi got by each = ____.
1 shelf?
Division fact : _______ No. of books in 1 shelf = _______
c) 48 booksDivision fact : _______.
are equally arranged No.inof8books in 1 shelf=
shelves. _____.
How many
c) 48 books
books willare
be equally arranged in 8 shelves. How many
in 1 shelf?
books will
Division fact be: _______.
in 1 shelf?No. of books in 1 shelf= _____.
Division fact : _______. No. of books
111 in 1 shelf= _____.
Example 1. 18 pencils are divided among 3 students.
Concepts Section
We write it as 18 ÷ 3 = 6
Short Division Division answer
In short division, we write like this is called Quotient
Example 1
3 divided
18 pencils are equally 18 among Dividend
3 students.
Divisor
We write it as 18 ÷ 36= 6 Quotient
In short division, we write like this
Example
18 ÷ 3 = 6 2. 40 ÷ 8 =18 5- Dividend
8 40 8x5=40.
6 - Quotient
3 - Divisor
5 Quotient [Write the quotient 5 below 40]
Example 2
Ram divided 40 jelabis equally among 8 children.
40 ÷ 8 = 5 1
Exercise 40 - Dividend
5 - Quotient
1) Divide by short division method.
8 - Divisor
a) 2 18 b) 4 32 c) 10 60 d) 6 42 e) 5 45
Exercise 1
1) Divide by using multiplication tables
f) 15 ÷ 3 = g) 28 ÷ 7 = h) 56 ÷ 8 =
a) 18 ÷ 2 = b) 32 ÷ 4 = c) 60 ÷ 10 = d) 42 ÷ 6 =
e) 45 ÷ 5 = f) 15 ÷ 3 = g) 28 ÷ 7 = h) 56 ÷ 8 =
Long division
Long division
Arun’s grandfather bought 20 balloons for him and his
Arun’sfriends.
grandfather bought 20 balloons for him and 2 of his friends.
Achachan : Arun, divide 20 balloons equally amongst your friends.

Achachan: Arun, divide 20 balloons equally amongst
Arun started sharing equally. First he gave 5 balloons to each.
your friends.
Arun started sharing equally. First he gave 5 balloons
to each. 112
5
your20
Achachan: Arun, divide friends.
balloons equally amongst
Arunyour friends.
started sharing equally. First he gave 5 balloons
Arun started sharing equally. First he gave 5 balloons
to each.
to each.
5
5
5 5
5 5
Hewith
He is left is left
He with 5 balloons.
is left
5 balloons. with Again
gave 1 he
Again5heballoons. gave
more 1 more
Again to each.
he gave
to each. 1 more to each.
6
6
6
6 6
In division, the number of balloons left after equal distribution is
called remainder.
6
Now,we
So, when Each got206 by
divide balloons
3 we getand
6 as2 quotient
balloons are
and left over.
2 as
Now, Each got 6 balloons and 2 balloons were left over.
remainder.
In division, theNow, Each got 6 balloons anddistribution
2always
balloons are left over.
Remainder is
number of balloons
In division, left after
the number equal
of balloons left afterless is called
equal
than remainder.
distribution is
20 ÷ 3 = 6 and Remainder = 2
called remainder. the divisor.
So, when we divide 20 by 3 we get 6 as the quotient and 2 as the remainder.
So, when we divide 20 by 3 we get 6 as quotient and 2 as
20 ÷ 3 = 6 and Remainder = 2
In long division, we write the above example like this.
remainder. Remainder is
long division, we write the above example like this. always less than
20 ÷ 3 = 6 and Remainder = 2 the divisor.
6 Q 3X6=18.
3 20 183istables,
In near
In long division, weand
18 issmaller
write the than example
closest
the above 20. Writelike
multiple 6 this.
−18 that is less than
in quotient place20.and18
Writebelow
6 20.
02 R in20
quotient
6– 18 place
Q = 2. We and18 below
get 2 as
3X6=18. 20.
remainder.
Dividend = 20 202–018
3Quotient = 6= 2. We get 2 near
18 is as remainder.
and Repeated
smaller than 20. Write 6
subtraction
Divisor =3 Remainder
−18 =2 in quotient place and18 below 20.
is division
Division
Dividend of 2 digit by
= 20 1 digit
Quotient
0 2 =R6 20 – 18 = 2. We get 2 as remainder.
Example
Divisor 1. 87 ÷ 2 Dividend
= 3 = Example
Remainder 2. 48 ÷=46
20= 2 Quotient Repeated
43 12 subtraction
Divisor = 3 Remainder =2 is division
2 87 2x4=8Division of 2 digit4 by
48 4x1=4
1 digit
- 8 subtract and drop
Example 1. 87the
÷ 2 -4 subtract and2.drop
Example 48 ÷ 4
113
07 next digit 7.
43 08 the next digit
1 2 8.
- 6 2x3=6.Then
2 8 7subtract
2x4=8 - 8 4x2=8.Now
4 4 subtract
8 4x1=4
Dividend = Dividend
20 = 20 = 6Quotient = 6
Quotient Repeated Repeated
subtraction subtraction
Divisor = Divisor
3 =3
Remainder Remainder
=2 =2 is division is division
Division ofDivision of12digit

2 digit by digit by 1 digit
Division of 2 digit by 1 digit
Example 1.Example
87 ÷ 2 1. 87 ÷ 2 Example 2.Example
48 ÷ 4 2. 48 ÷ 4
Example 1 4- 87 ÷ 2 43
Example
12
2 - 48 ÷ 4
433 12 12
2 87 2 87
2x4=8 2x4=8 4 48 4 48
4x1=4 4x1=4
2x4=8 4x1=4
5 - 8 - 8 andsubtract
subtract drop theand drop -4 andsubtract
-4 thesubtract drop and drop
subtract and drop the subtract and drop
07 0 7 7.next digit 7.
next digit 08 the next the8.next digit 8.
0 8 digit
Step1.First

-
take
-
7 7. tens.
next digit
6 2x3=6.Then
6 2x3=6.Then
5 x1=
subtract subtract
5 . - 8 4x2=8.Now
- 8 4x2=8.Now
the next digit 8.
subtract subtract
2x3=6.Then subtract 4x2=8.Now subtract
write 1 in quotient place and 5 below8 7.
1 1
7 – 6 =1 7 – 6 =1 8–8=0
0 80– 8 = 0
7 – 6 =1 –8=0
Subtract
Quotient==5
Quotient 43 tens= from
Quotient
43 43 7tens. 7T –12Quotient=
5 T=
Quotient=
Quotient= 12 2 12 T
RemainderRemainder
Remainder = 11
= =1 Remainder
Remainder =0 =0 =0
Remainder
Step 2. 3Drop the next digit 9. We get 29.
Example 3.
Example
Divide 79 by 5
Divide 79 by 5
5 x11555 -=Q 25. Write 5take
Step1.First in 7quotient
tens. 5 x1= 5 place
. and 25
Step1. First take 7 tens. 5 x1= 5 .
5 79 write 1 in quotient place and 5 below 7.
below
-5 29. write
Now, 1 in 29
Subtract – 25
quotient
5 tens from =4
place and 5 below 7.
7tens. 7 T – 5 T= 2 T
29
Subtract 5 tens from 7tens. 7 T – 5 T= 2 T
Step 2. Drop the next digit 9. We get 29.
5, Remainder = 4Step 2. Drop the next digit 9. We get 29.
-25 5 x 5 = 25. Write 5 in quotient place and 25
0 4- R 5 = 25.29.
5 x below Write 5 in
Now, 29quotient
– 25 =4 place and 25
below 29. =Now,
Quotient = 15, Remainder 4 29 – 25 =4
Quotient = 15,Exercise-2
Remainder = 4
Exercise-2
long division method and write the quotient
I) Divide by long division method and write the quotient
der. and remainder.
a) 36 ÷ 3 b) 84 ÷ 2 c) 49 ÷ 4
Exercise
d) 55 ÷ 5
2
b) 84
I)e) ÷ ÷22by longf)division
56
Divide c)
73 ÷49 ÷ g)4 78 and
6 method ÷ 5d) 55
h)
write86 ÷ quotient
÷7
the 5 and remainder.
Division in real b)
life.84 ÷ 2
f) 73 ÷6
a) 36 ÷ 3
g) 78 ÷ 5 h) 86 ÷7
c) 49 ÷ 4 d) 55 ÷ 5
e) II) 56
Solve
÷ 2 the word
f) problems.
73 ÷ 6 g) 78 ÷ 5 h) 86 ÷7
real life.a) 3 people can travel in an auto. How many autos
II) Applications in real life This Photo by
are needed for 54 people to travel?
word a)problems.
3 people can travel in an auto. How many autos are needed
for 54 people to travel?
b) Anu has 65 toffees. She shared equally among
can traveltwoinofan auto. How many autos
her friends. How many toffees did
This Photo by
each friend get and how many toffees114
114
d for 54 people to travel? are left?
This Photo by
b) Anu has 65 toffees. She shared equally among
b) Anu has 65 toffees. She shared them equally between two of
two of her friends. How many toffees did
her friends. How many toffees did each friend get? How many
each friend
toffees get
wereand
left? how many toffees are left?
This Photo by
c) Usha
c) has 94has
Usha beads. She
94 beads. Shemakes
makes 77necklaces.
necklaces.How many beads
does she use in each necklace and how many beads are left?
How many beads does she use in each necklace and
howd)many
There are 80 students
beads are left?in class 3. They are divided into teams of This Photo by
6 each. How many teams will be there and how many students will be left? How
d) There are
many80more
students
studentsin
areclass3.They are divided
needed to complete into teams
the team using the students left
of 6 each. out?
How many teams will be there and how many
students will be left?
Activity
A rabbit starts jumping from 0.
s killsa) If it covers 3 steps in 1 jump, in how many jumps will it land on 18? ___________
king
Higher order
b) It reaches thinking
27 in skills
_____ jumps.
Malar takes 5 minutes to jog once around the park.
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
She jogs for 1 hour every day. How many rounds
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
does she complete around the park?
This Photo by
20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29
A monkey starts jumping from 0.

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
c) If it covers 4 steps in 1 jump, it reaches 12 in _____ jumps.
oto by Unknown
d) Rabbit needs to make _____ jumps and monkey needs to make ___ jumps to
meet each other first.
e) How many times will they meet and where?

Ans. _____________________________________
Activity
Colour all the boxes where the rabbit lands in Orange
A rabbit starts jumping from 0.
Colour all the boxes where the monkey lands in GREEN.
a) If it covers 3 steps in 1 jump, in how many jumps will
Colour the box where both meet in RED.
it land on 18? ___________ 115
gs k ills
Thi nkin Higher order thinking skills
Malar takes 5 minutes to jog once around the park.
Malar takes 5 minutes to jog once around the park. She jogs for 1
She
hour jogs
every day.for
How1 hour every does
many rounds day.she
How many around
complete rounds the
parkdoes
in a day?
she complete around the park?
Division of 3 digit by 1 digit. This Photo by
Division of 3 digit by 1 digit.
Example
Division of 311digit by 1 digit
Example
1370÷ 4 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Example
137 ÷ 14: 137 ÷ 4
3 4- quotient Step
Step1.1.As
As the
the first digit digit
is smaller, take
3 4- quotient Step 1. As thehundreds is smaller
first digit is smaller, than the
take
4 137 13divisor,
T. 4x3=12.
take the Write 3 in quotient
hundreds and tens 13,place
which is 13
4 137 13 T. 4x3=12. Write 3 in quotient place
-12 tens.12
and 4x3=12.
belowWrite 13. 3 in quotient place and 12 below
-12 and 12 below 13.
13.
17 13 – 12 = 1
17 13 ––Activity
13 12= =
12 11
- 16 Step 2. Drop the next digit 7
A -rabbit
1 6 starts jumping Step from 0. the next digit 7
2. Drop
Drop
Step 2. the next digit 7
1- remainder we get 17ones. 4x4=16.Write 4 in
a) If it
1-covers
remainder3 stepswe in 1
we jump,
get
get 17ones.
17ones. in4x4=16.
how many
Write 4jumps
4x4=16.Write in 4 in will
Quotient place and 16 below 17.
it land on 18? ___________
Quotientplace
quotient place andand 16 below
16 below 17. 17.
17 – 16 = 1 as remainder.
17
17 ––1616= =1 -1remainder.
as remainder.
Example 2. 609
Example 2 : 609 ÷ 6 ÷ 6
b) It reaches
Example 27÷ in
2. 609 6 _____ jumps.
1 0 1- Q Step 1 Take
Step 6 H. 6x1=6.Write
1 Take 6 H. 6x1=6. Write1 in 1quotient
in quotient
1 0 1- Q Step 1 Take 6 H. 6x1=6.Write 1 in quotient
6 609 place and 6 below
place 6. Now
and 6 below Subtract
6. Now Subtract
6 609 place and 6 below 6. Now Subtract
- 6 6 –Step
6 – 6 =0. 6 =0. 2 Drop the next digit 0.
- 6 6 – 6 =0. Step 2 Drop thedigit
next0. digit 0.
00 We have Step 2 Drop
00. 6x0=0. the
Writenext0 in quotient place.
00 We haveWe 00.have
6x0=0. WriteWrite
00. 6x0=0. 0 in quotient place.
0 in quotient place.
- 0 0 – 0 = 0. Step 3 Drop the next digit 9.
- 0 0 – 0 = 00.– Step
0 = 0. 3 Drop the next digit 9.
09 6x1=6. Write 1 in quotient place and 6
09 6x1=6.Step 3 Drop
Write 1 inthe next digit
quotient 9. and 6
place
- 6 below 9 then subtract. 9 – 6 = 3.
6x1=6. Write 1 in quotient place and 6
- 6 below 9 then subtract. 9 – 6 = 3.
3-R [Note: We can9avoid
below step 2 and
then subtract. 9 – 6write
= 3. 0
3-R [Note: We can avoid step 2 and write 0
[Note: We can avoid step 2 and directly
write 0indirectly
quotient place ] place ]
in quotient’s
Example 3 directly in quotient
Exampleplace 4 ]
Example 3 Example 4
116
Example 3 Example 4
9 8 09 ÷8 70 ÷ 7 2 2 82 ÷2 8 ÷ 8
1 4 01 4 0 2828
7 978 09 8 0 7x1=7 7x1=7 8 2 2 82 2 8
8 8x2=16
8x2=16
-7 -7 -1 6-1 6
2828 7x4=28
7x4=28 6868 8x8 8x8
=64 =64
-2 8-2 8 - 6-4 6 4
0 0 0 0 0 7x0=0 7x0=0 4 4
0 0
0 0
Quotient = 28
[Note:
[Note: We Wecan can
put 0put
in 0 in Remainder = 4
[Note : We can put a 0 in the
Quotient
Quotient placeplace directly
directly without
without
quotient
doing
doing
place
thirdthird
directly without
step.]
step.]
doing the third step.]
Quotient
Quotient
Quotient = 140
== 140
140 Quotient
Quotient = 28= 28
Remainder = 00 = 0
Remainder Remainder = 4 = 4
Remainder
Exercise
Exercise 3 3
I) Divide
I) Divide by long
by long division
division Exercise
method.
method. 3
a) 479
I)a)Divide
479 ÷3by÷long
3b) 508
b) 508
÷ 5 ÷ method
division 5c) 777
c) 777
÷ 6 ÷ 6d) 806
d) 806
÷4÷4
e) 147
a)e) 147
479 ÷÷ 23 ÷ 2f) 229
f) 229
b) 7 ÷÷75
÷508 g) 406
g) 406 ÷ 8h)
÷ 8 c) h)÷ 199
199
777 ÷9÷9
6 d) 806 ÷ 4
e) 147 ÷ 2 f) 229 ÷ 7 g) 406 ÷ 8 h) 199 ÷ 9
II) Solve
II) Solve the the story
story sums.
sums.
II)
a) Solve
Aruna the
hasstory
a) Aruna has sums
collected
collected 375 375 roses.
roses. SheShe makes
makes a bouquet
a bouquet
withwith
a) Aruna 8 roses.
8 collected
roses. FindFind
375 roses. She made bouquets with 8 roses in each
i) How
i) How
bouquet. many
Find many bouquets
bouquets willmade?
will be be made?
ii) How
ii) How many
many roses
roses willleft?
will be be left? Thisby
This Photo Photo by Unknown
Unknown
i) the number of bouquets that she can make
b) Ajay
b) Ajay and and Pinky
Pinky wanted
wanted to surprise
to surprise theirtheir mother
mother on her
on her
ii)birthday
birthday by giving
by giving
the number ofher her
a
roses a gift.
gift.
thatThey They bought
bought
would be a watch
a watch
left after for for the bouquets
making
b) Ajay and Pinky wanted to surprise their mother on her birthday

by giving her a gift. They bought a watch for ` 970 with the money
Thisby
This Photo Photo by
they had in their piggy bank. If they both contributed to the gift
equally, what is the individual contribution made by Ajay and
Pinky?
117
� 970 with the money they had in their piggy bank. If they
both contributed to the gift equally, what is the individual
contribution made by Ajay and Pinky?
c) Weight of 4 bags of rice is 672 kg. What is the weight of each bag of
c) rice?
Weight of 4 bags of rice is 672 kg. What is the weight of
each bag of rice?
This Photo by
d)
d) SSaranya’s
aranya’s mother bought aa handwriting
mother bought handwritingbook
bookof of
192192 pages.
pages.
Saranya writes 6 pages of it in a day. In how many days will she
Saranya writes 6 pages in a day. In how many days
complete the book?
will she complete the book?
e) 950 litres of water is filled equally in 2 water tanks.

e) 950 litres of water are filled equally in 2 water tanks. What is the
What is the
capacity capacity
of each tank?of each tank?
Checking division
Checking division
This Photo by
We
Wecan
canverify
verifythe division
the answer
division by by
answer using the formula
using the formula
Quotient x Divisor + Remainder = Dividend

Quotient x divisor + remainder = Dividend
Example : 93 ÷ 2
Example 93 ÷ 2
46–Q Checking.
2 93 2X4=8 4 6 Quotient
- 8 x 2 divisor
13 2X6=12 92
- 12 + 1 remainder
1–R 9 3 = Dividend
Exercise 4
I) Divide and check your answer
a) 81 ÷ 4 b) 99 ÷ 7 c) 57 ÷ 6
d) 970 ÷ 3 e) 808 ÷ 8 f) 138 ÷ 5
118
Art Integrated Activity
Take 30 straws.
How many can be made without bending or
breaking the straws?
Division by 10,100 and 1000

We can divide a number by 10,100 and 1000 without doing actual division. Observe
the given examples.
Examples
a) 345 ÷ 10
34|5 ÷ 10 [ draw a line after the ones digit]
Quotient = 34, remainder = 5
b) 498 ÷ 100
4|98 ÷ 100 [Draw a line after the ones and tens digits]
Quotient = 4, remainder = 98
c) 3092 ÷ 1000
3|092÷ 1000 [Draw a line after the ones, tens, and hundreds digits]
Quotient =3 Remainder = 92
Exercise 5
I) Divide without doing actual division
a) 46 ÷ 10 b) 368 ÷ 10 c) 1573 ÷ 10 d) 2845 ÷ 100
e) 194 ÷ 100 f) 7009 ÷ 1000 g) 6606 ÷ 100 h) 4020 ÷ 1000
119
III) Applying division in word problems.
a)II)Arun
Fill inhas169
the box pencils. He divides equally among 6 friends. T
a) ÷ 100, quotient = 29 remainder = 62

He keeps the remaining pencils with him.
b) 903 ÷ 10, Quotient = , Remainder =
How many pencils does each friend get?
c) 7102 ÷ , Quotient = 7, Remainder = 102
How many pencils does he keep for himself?
d) ÷ 100, Quotient = 4, Remainder = 58
e) 6134 ÷ , Quotient = 613, Remainder = 4
b) A multistorey building has 120 flats
f) ÷ 1000, Quotient = 3, Remainder = 2
in 8 floors. How many flats are in each floor?
Practise Exercise
I) Divide by short division method
a) 96 ÷ 3 b) 62 ÷ 2 c) 66 ÷ 11
e) 99 ÷ 9 f) 80 ÷ 4 g) 100 ÷ 5
c) A mall was closed for 175 days for renovation.
II) Divide by long division and check your answer
a)How
205many
÷ 4 weeks was
b) 324 ÷ 6 it closed?
c) 804 ÷ 8 d) 675 ÷ 3
e) 579 ÷ 2 f) 139 ÷ 7 g) 118 ÷ 5 h) 909 ÷ 9
d)III)
OnApplications
Republic day,144
in real lifesoldiers participated in
a)marchpast
Arun has 169 with 3 soldiers
pencils. in each
He divides row. among 6 of
them equally
his friends. He keeps the remaining pencils with him. How
How manymany rows
pencils doeswill
eachbe formed?
friend get? How many pencils does
herkeep for himself? This Photo by Unknown Author
orne
ts C
Fac b) AThe republic
multistorey day parade
building has
has equal been in
number practice
of flats since
in each floor.1950,
It
showcasing India’s military strength and cultural
has 120 flats in 8 floors. How many flats are in each floor?
diversity.
c) A mall was closed for 175 days for renovation. How many
weeks was it closed?
e)d) AAsweet shopmakes
sweet shop makes875 875 laddus
laddus in a day.in a day. They pack
6 laddus
They pack
in6aladdus
box. inFind
a box. Find
i) How many boxes are needed for a day?
ii) How many laddus will be left everyday?
120 This Photo by Unknown Author is
How many weeks was it closed?
d)
e) On Republic
On Republic day,144
day, soldiers
144 soldiers participated
participated in
in marchpast
with 3 soldiers
marchpast in each
with row. How
3 soldiers many rows
in each row.of soldiers
marched on that day?
How many rows will be formed?
er This Photo by Unknown Author
orn
ts C cts
Fa republic The Republic day parade
Fac The n er day parade has beenhasin been in practice
practice sincesince
1950,1950,
C o r showcasing India’s military strength and cultural diversity.
showcasing India’s military strength and cultural
diversity.
Value Based Question

Pooja made 32 Aloo parathas to serve the needy
e) A sweet shop makes 875 laddus in a day. They pack
people. But the number of people
6 laddus
were in a expected.
more than box. Find
So, she divided each aloo paratha into two pieces.
If she served 9 people, how many pieces did each get?
How many pieces were left?
Do you help the needy people?
III) Decide the operation and solve

a) How many calories are in 250 g of oil, if 1 g of oil has 9 calories?
b) Maya uses 3 litres of water to water her plants every day.

Find the
i) no of days that she can water the plants with 21L of water?
c) A car covers a distance of 840 km in 6 hours. Find the distance

that the car could have covered in 1 hour?
d) Roshan saves ` 3250 per month and his sister Maya saves
` 1950 per month. Find the total amount saved by them
121
e) In Chennai, 5200 tons of garbage is collected in a day by the corporation. If 3970
tons are collected in the morning how many tons are collected in the evening?
Challenge Yourself
I) Use division both horizontally and vertically to fill in the boxes.
84 4 ?
24 ? 8
6 ? 3
? ? 7
96 6 ?
4 ? ?
? 6 4
100 10 ? ? 5 ?
? 5 ? 8 ? 8
20 ? ? ? ? ?
Puzzle
Multiply or divide to find the number in the empty box
84 ÷ 4 = 300
÷ ÷ ÷
6
= = =
3 ÷ = 3
122
Learning OUTCOMES
• Identify fraction as part of a whole
• Identify fraction as part of a collection
•Differentiate between a numerator and denominator of a fraction
• Apply the skill of fraction to solve real-life problems
Fractions in real life

Ram and Saran are friends. One day, Ram forgot to
bring snacks. Saran’s mother had given him boli to
have during break time. He shared his boli with his
friend. He divided it exactly into two equal parts
and gave one part to his friend and took one part
for himself. Now, Ram and Saran have 1 part out of
2 equal parts. We write it as 1 .
2
1 Whole 1 1
2 2
1 Number of parts taken
2 Total number of equal parts
Concept Section:
Fraction is part of a whole or collection of objects.
123
Part of a whole / collection:
Part of a whole / Collection:
Part of a whole / Collection:
Half
Half Half
Observe the following pictures.
Observe the following Observe
pictures.the following pictures.
Here, the whole is divided into two equal parts.

Here, the whole is divided into two equal parts.
Here, the whole isEach
divided into
part is twoas
written equal
𝟏𝟏
. parts.
𝟐𝟐 𝟏𝟏
Each
1 part is written as .
Each part is written as .
We read it as one divided by𝟐𝟐2 or Half.
2
We read it as
We read it1as oneNumber
divided one
ofby 2 or
shadeddivided
Half.
partsby 2 or Half.
1
TotalNumber
number of shaded parts
1 Number
2 of parts takenof parts
2 Total number of parts
When a whole is divided into two equal parts, each part is
When a whole iscalled a Half
divided into. two equal parts, each part is
When a whole is divided intocalled
twoaequal
Half. parts, each part is called a Half.
Two halves
Two make
halves a whole.
make a whole. 2
If we put two
halves together, 2
we get a whole.
+ o
p u t tw er,
e
If w s togeth le.
e o
halv et a wh
𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏 we g
+
𝟐𝟐 𝟐𝟐
Quarter
Observe the given pictures.
124
Quarter
Observe the given pictures.
Here, one whole is divided into 4 equal parts.

Each part is written as 1/4 or one quarter.
We read it as one divided by 4 or one fourth.
1 Number of parts taken
When a whole is divided into 4 equal parts,

each part is called as a quarter.
4 one-fourths make a whole.

u t four r,
p he
If we rs toget e.
q u arte t a whol
Fact Co ge
werner
Approximately three fourth of
Three Quarter the Earth is covered with water
Observe
Three the given pictures.
quarters and one fourth is with land.
Observe the given pictures
Here, oneone
Here, whole is divided
whole into 4into
is divided equal parts.parts.
4 equal
We write it3asparts
3/4 are
andshaded
read as 3out
divided by 4 or Three fourths.
of 4 parts.
3 Number
𝟑𝟑 of parts taken
We write it as and read as 3 divided by 4 or Three fourths.
4 𝟒𝟒
Total number of equal parts
3 Number of shaded parts
If we divide
4 a whole into
Total 4 equalofparts
number partsand if three parts are taken,
the part we have taken is called three quarters.
If we divide a whole into 4 equal parts and if three parts
are taken, the part we have taken is called
125 three quarters.
If we divide
If we
a whole
divide
If we
into
a whole
divide
4Ifequal
we
into
a divide
whole
parts
4 equal
ainto
and
whole
parts
4if equal
three
into
andparts
4ifequal
three
and
parts
parts
if three
andparts
if three parts
are taken,
are
the
taken,
partare
we
thetaken,
have
part
arewe
taken
the
taken,
have
part
is called
the
taken
we have
part
is
three
we
called
taken
have
quarters.
is
three
taken
called
quarters.
isthree
called
quarters.
three quarters.
𝟑𝟑
In the fraction , 3 is the numerator and Read aloud
𝟒𝟒
Whole
the of
InWhole Half Half
Whole Whole
fraction Half Quarter
,Whole
3 is Half
𝟑𝟑
Half Quarter
Quarter
the numeratorThree
Quarter
Quarter
Three ThreeThree
Quarter
and Quarter Three Quarter
Quarter
Read Quarter
aloud
is the denominator the fraction.
𝟒𝟒 Numerator
3 numerator
4 is the denominator of the fraction. Denominator
Numerator
4 denominator
3 numerator Denominator
4 (No.of parts referred to)
denominator Numerator
Fraction
𝑭𝑭𝑭𝑭𝑭𝑭𝑭𝑭𝑭𝑭𝑭𝑭𝑭𝑭𝑭𝑭 =
𝑵𝑵𝑵𝑵.=𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐 𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑
𝑵𝑵𝑵𝑵. 𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓
𝑭𝑭𝑭𝑭𝑭𝑭𝑭𝑭𝑭𝑭𝑭𝑭𝑭𝑭𝑭𝑭
𝑭𝑭𝑭𝑭𝑭𝑭𝑭𝑭𝑭𝑭𝑭𝑭𝑭𝑭𝑭𝑭 = =
𝑵𝑵𝑵𝑵. 𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐
𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑
𝑭𝑭𝑭𝑭𝑭𝑭𝑭𝑭𝑭𝑭𝑭𝑭𝑭𝑭𝑭𝑭 =
=
𝑵𝑵𝑵𝑵𝑵𝑵𝑵𝑵𝑵𝑵𝑵𝑵𝑵𝑵𝑵𝑵𝑵𝑵
𝑵𝑵𝑵𝑵. 𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓
𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓
= =
𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑 𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓
=
=
𝑻𝑻𝑻𝑻𝑻𝑻𝑻𝑻𝑻𝑻
𝟑𝟑 𝒏𝒏𝒏𝒏. (Total
𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐 𝒆𝒆𝒆𝒆𝒆𝒆𝒆𝒆𝒆𝒆
𝑻𝑻𝑻𝑻𝑻𝑻𝑻𝑻𝑻𝑻 𝒏𝒏𝒏𝒏. no.of
𝑻𝑻𝑻𝑻𝑻𝑻𝑻𝑻𝑻𝑻
𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐 𝒏𝒏𝒏𝒏. equal
𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐
𝒆𝒆𝒆𝒆𝒆𝒆𝒆𝒆𝒆𝒆 parts)
𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫
𝒆𝒆𝒆𝒆𝒆𝒆𝒆𝒆𝒆𝒆
𝑻𝑻𝑻𝑻𝑻𝑻𝑻𝑻𝑻𝑻 𝒏𝒏𝒏𝒏. 𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑
𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐 𝒆𝒆𝒆𝒆𝒆𝒆𝒆𝒆𝒆𝒆 Denominator
𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑 𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫
In the fraction , 3 is the numerator and Read aloud
More fractions 𝟒𝟒
4 is the denominator of the fraction. Numerator

InMore fractions
the fraction 3/4, 3 is the numerator and
hirds
4 4 4 4
3 numerator Denominator
4 is the denominator of the fraction.
Thirds
Observe the 4
3 given
denominator
pictures.
numerator
4
Observe denominator
the given pictures.
More fractions
More fractions
Thirds
Thirds
ObserveObserve
the giventhe given pictures.
pictures.
ere, the whole is divided into three equal parts.

Each Here,
part isthe wholeasis divided into three equal parts.
!
written .
!
!
Here, theEach
Here, whole
theone part isisdivided
is divided
whole written 3as
into three
byinto . parts.
equal
three
We read it as divided or equal parts.
!one-third.
Each part is written as 1/3 . !
Each part is itawritten .
asdivided by 3 or one-third.
WeWe
hree one-thirds read
readmake
it as one as one
whole.
divided by 3! or one-third.
Three
Three We readmake
one-thirds
one-thirds it as aone divided
make
whole. a by 3 or one-third.
whole.
Three one-thirds make a whole.
wo thirds
Two thirds
The whole
Twoisthirds
divided into 3 equal parts.
The whole is divided into 3 equal parts.
The whole is divided into 3126 equal parts.
55
𝟐𝟐
Out of 3 parts, two parts are shaded. We write it as or
𝟑𝟑
Two thirds.
Two thirds
Five iseighth
The whole divided into 3 equal parts.
Out of 3 parts,
Look two parts
at the givenarepictures.
shaded. We write the shaded part as 2/3 or
Two thirds.
Five eighths
Look at the given pictures.
In this picture, the whole is divided into 8 equal parts and 5

parts are shaded.
In this picture, !
Wethewrite
wholeit isasdivided
or into
five8eighths.
equal parts and 5 parts are shaded.
!
We write it as 5/8 or five eighths.
Thinking skills
Thinking skills
Amit has taken away a quarter from a whole.
Amit has taken away a quarter from a whole.
He is leftHe
with _______.
is left with _______.
Exercise 1
Exercise 1
I) Put a tick near the figure which is divided into equal
I) Put a tick
parts neara the
and figure
cross which
near theis figure
divided which
into equal partsdivided
is not and a cross near
into
the figure which is not divided into equal parts.
equal parts.
a) b) c)
d) e) f)
127
I)d)Circle the fraction that
a) e)!represents the shaded
f) parts.
! !
d) ! e) ! ! f)
a) Circle the fraction that represents the shaded parts.
II) ! ! !
II) Circle the fraction that represents the shaded parts.
III) Circle
b)a) d)d)
d) III) the
Circle fraction
the fraction
e) !
e)e) that
! that !represents
represents
! f) !
f) f) the parts.
! the shaded shaded parts.
! ! !! !
a) !! !! ! !!
b)a)
!! !! ! !
III) Circle the fraction that represents the shaded parts.
III)III)Circle
Circlethe
thefraction !! represents
fractionthat
that !! the
represents !
theshaded parts.
!shaded parts.
! ! ! ! ! ! !!!
a) a)a) !! !
b) ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! !! !
b) ! ! !
!! ! !! ! !! !
) b)b) ! ! ! ! ! !! !
b)b) !
! ! !! !! ! !
! ! ! ! !! !
! ! ! !
c) c)
! !
! ! !! ! !
! ! !! ! !! !
c) c)
! ! ! !
c)c) ! ! ! ! ! !!
!
!! ! !!!
! !
! !
) c) d) !
! ! !
! ! !" !
!" !" !"!
! ! !
d) d) d)d)
!
! ! ! ! ! ! ! !
! !" !"
IV) Colour the given
! fractions
! ! !" !"!" !" !"!"
V) Colour ! the given fractions
! ! !
d)
! !
a) b) c)
! IV) IV) III)Colour
Colour !
Colour
IV)Colourthethe the
given
the given !fractions
fractions
given
givenfractions
fractions
!
!
!"
!! !"! !
!
d) Colour
IV) ! ! ! the given fractions
! b) ! c)
a)
! !a)a) a) 3 b) ! ! ! !"b)b) 2 ! !"
c) c)5 c)
! ! !
! b)! ! ! c)!
!
! ! 8 6 ! 6 !
!
)IV) Colour the given fractionsb) c)
7
! ! !
IV)
! Colour the given fractions ! !
a) b) 7 7 7
c)
! ! !! !! !! !! !! 7
d) e) f)! !" !
a) d) !d)!!d)
! ! !
!
d)! 1
! ! !
!e)
e) e)e)! 3 b) f)f) !" 7!"!f)
! c)
! d) ! 4! ! ! e) ! 5 ! f)f) !"
12 !" !
! ! !"
7
7
!! !! !!
g) h) i)!
! g) 4
! ! 2!
i)i) i)3
! ! !
g) g)!!!g) !h)
h) h)h) ! !!i)
! 7
! 8 ! 6! 3 ! !
g)
!
! h)
!
! i)
!
!
! ! !
Reading fractions.
Reading
Reading fractions.
fractions.
Reading
Reading fractions.
fractions.
Fractions In words
Fractions
Fractions In words
In words 128
Fractions
Fractions In words
In words
!
! ! !
!! Two-thirds
IV) Write the fraction of the shaded parts
II) Write
II) Write II)
the the the
Write fraction
fraction for shaded
fraction
for shaded parts.
for shaded
parts. parts.
a) a) a) b) b) b) c) c) c)
d) d) d) e) e) e) f) f) f)
III) Circle
III) CircleIII)the the fraction
fraction
Circle the that that represents
represents
fraction that the shaded
the shaded
represents parts.
the parts.
shaded parts.
! ! !! ! ! ! ! !
a) a) a)
V) Write the fraction
! in !words
!! ! ! ! ! !
a) 2 = Two-thirds f) !5! =!
b)3 b) b)
! ! !! 10 ! !
! ! !! ! ! ! ! !
5= 4 =
b) 6 g) 7
c) 3= h) 1 =
8 ! ! !!
4
! ! ! ! !
c)
d)
1 c)
=
c)
! ! !i)! !6 ! =! ! !
5 9
e) 2= j) 1 =
7 2
! ! ! ! ! !! ! !
d) d) d)
! ! !" ! !" !"!" !" !"
Exercise 2
IV) Colour
IV) Colour
IV) the the the
Colour given
given fractions
fractions
given fractions
I) What fraction is coloured?
! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !
a) a) a) b) b) b) c) c) c)
! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !
a) b) c)
7 7 7
d) e) f)
d) e) f)
129
g)g) g) h)h) h) i) i) i)
II) Colour to show

II) Colour the given
to show fractions
the given fractions
II) Colourtotoshow
II) Colour show thethe given
given fractions
fractions
II)II)
Colour
II) to
Colour
Colour show
to the
show given
the fractions
given fractions
a) to show the!given ! b) fractions!
! ! ! !
2!!
5 c)
! ! d) !
a) a)! b)! b) ! !
b) c)! c)! !2 d)! d) 1
d) !
c) c)!!c) c)
!
a)a)4!!!a) ! b)b) !!b)!
7 ! 2 d)d)!!d) ! !
4
! ! ! ! ! ! !
! ! ! ! !
! ! !
! e) ! f) ! g)
e)! !! ! ! f)! ! ! ! !" g)! !!
e) 3
5
e)e)
e) !
! !e) !
7
f) f)!"
!"f)f)!"
f) 10 ! g) 4
g)g)!!g)g)!
8
! !" !" ! !!
Exercise 3
Exercise 3
ExerciseExercise
Exercise 33 3
I) Write the numerator and denominator of the given
Exercise
I) Write the
I) Write
I) Write the
I) Writethe
3 numerator
numerator
the and
numerator
numerator
fractions anddenominator
and ofof
the
denominator
denominator
Exercise 3
and denominator of the given
ofgiven
the the given
given
I)
I) Writefractions
Write the numerator
the numerator and denominator of the
and denominator of the given given
fractions
fractions
fractions
fractions !
! a) Numerator = Denominator =
a)
fractions
! !Numerator
! = Denominator =
4a) !a)!! Numerator
a) = = = Denominator
Numerator
Numerator
!
== =
Denominator
Denominator
!
a) 5b)! ! Numerator
! b)
! Denominator
Numerator= = = =Numerator
Numerator
Denominator
Denominator
= =
=
b)a) ! Denominator
!" =
!"! Denominator = Numerator =
!" b) !" Denominator
Denominator
= = Numerator
Numerator= =
b) !
II) 4Write
!"
! the fraction.
b) 10b)Denominator
!"
Denominator
= = Numerator = =
Numerator
II)a) Numerator
Write =4
the fraction. Denominator = 7. Fraction =
9
II) Write the fraction 9
a) Numerator = 4 Denominator = 7. Fraction = 9
9 9
a) Numerator = 4 Denominator = 7 Fraction =
b) Denominator = 6 Numerator = 5 Fraction =9
b) Denominator = 6 = 6 Numerator
b) Denominator Numerator==5 5 Fraction
Fraction = =
Who is correct?
Who is correct?
𝟑𝟑 𝟑𝟑 𝟒𝟒 𝟒𝟒
This
This is is This is This is
𝟒𝟒 𝟒𝟒 𝟑𝟑 𝟑𝟑
III)III)Write
Writethe
thefraction,
fraction, numerator and denominator
numerator and denominatorfor
for the unshaded parts of
III) theWrite the fraction, numerator and denominator for
thefollowing
following.
a) a) the following.
Fraction
Fraction
a) Numerator
Numerator
Fraction
Denominator
Denominator
Numerator
b) Denominator
Fraction
130
Numerator
Denominator
a) Fraction
Numerator
Numerator
Denominator
Denominator
b) b) Fraction
Fraction
b) Fraction
Numerator
Numerator
Numerator
Denominator
Denominator
Denominator
c)
c) Fraction
Fraction
c)
Numerator
Numerator
Fraction
Denominator
Denominator
Numerator
Fraction of a collection
Denominator
We can also represent the part of a collection or group10 in fractions.
Example 1
There are 8 apples. Out of that 5 are red and the rest are in green.
10
Fraction of green apples = 3 3 green apples

8 8 total number of apples
Example 2
There are 5 rectangles.
Only 2 are coloured.
2
Fraction of coloured parts = 5
3
Fraction of uncoloured parts = 5
Exercise 4
I) Write the fraction for shaded and unshaded parts
a)
Fraction of shaded parts =
Fraction of unshaded parts =
131
b)
Fraction for shaded parts =
b)
Fraction for unshaded parts =
Fraction of shaded parts =
Fraction of unshaded parts =

c)
c) 
Fraction
Fraction for yellow
of yellow stars =stars
=
Fraction for green stars =
Fraction of red stars =
Fraction for green stars =
Fraction of green stars =
d)
d)
Fraction of coloured tiles =

Fraction for coloured tiles =
Fraction of uncoloured tiles =
Fraction for uncoloured tiles =
Fraction of red tiles =
Fraction for red tiles =
Fraction
Fractionof pink tiles tiles =
for pink =
II) Colour to show the given fraction
3
II) Colour to show the given fraction.
a) 7
𝟑𝟑
a)
𝟕𝟕
1
b) 2
𝟏𝟏
b)
𝟐𝟐2
c) 6
12
5
d) 9
132
𝟓𝟓
d)
𝟗𝟗
e) 7
e) 11
!
!"
e) 6
!
9
f)
!

Draw 10 kites. Colour
Art 2integrated Activity
 10 in green
Draw 10 kites. Colour
4
 10𝟐𝟐 in pink and
Ø in green.
𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏
1 𝟒𝟒
in pink and
 Ø10 in Purple
𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏
𝟏𝟏
Ø ts in yellow.
Makar Sankranti, a festival dedicated to the Sun God is celebrated
Fac𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 across India with much fanfare. The tradition of kite flying on Makar
o r n er
C Sankranti is being carried out especially in Gujarat and Rajasthan.
F act Cor
ner
Finding the fraction of a collection

Example 1
Makar Sankranti, a festival dedicated to the sun god celebrated across India
Rohith hasmuch
with 4 chocolates. He shares
fanfare. The them
tradition of kite flying on Makar Sankranti is being
carried out especially in Gujarat and Rajasthan so that people are exposed to the
equally with his sister Sana. He divides
1 is considered
sun rays. The exposure to initial rays of the sun 1 beneficial to
into two equal
health as itparts and gives
is a good 1 part
source of Vitamin D.
2 2
i.e. 2 chocolates to his sister.

So, Half of 4 is 2.
We write it as 1 of 4= 2 13
2
133
𝟏𝟏
We write it as 𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐 𝟒𝟒 = 2
𝟐𝟐
Example
Example 2 2
There
There areare 8 balls.
8 balls.
It is divided into four equal groups.
It is divided into four equal groups. quarter is 1
4
𝟏𝟏
Quarter is
𝟒𝟒
Each
Each group
group is a is a quarter
quarter of the collection.
of the collection.
88÷÷4 4= 2.
= Each
2. Each
groupgroup has 2 balls.
has 2 balls.
So, 1𝟏𝟏 of 8=2
So,4 𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐 𝟖𝟖 = 𝟐𝟐
Example𝟒𝟒 3
Example
There are 103dolls.
There
What is are
1 of10 10 dolls.
?
5
!
What10
Divide is into
𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜5 10 ?
groups.
!
To find this, divide 10 by 5.
Divide 10 into 5 groups.
10 ÷ 5 = 2. Each group has 2 dolls. So, 1 of 10=2
To find this,10 divide by 5. 5
𝟏𝟏
10 ÷ 5 = 2. Each group has 2 dolls. So, 𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 = 𝟐𝟐
𝟓𝟓
14
134
Exercise 4
Exercise 5
I)Exercise
Colour
Exercise for4the given fraction.
4
I)𝟏𝟏Colour
I) Colour for thethe
given fraction
I) Colour
a) 𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏forfor given
the given fraction.
fraction.
a)𝟏𝟏 a)12 𝟏𝟏 of
𝟐𝟐
𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐12
𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏
a) 𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐𝟐𝟐 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏
𝟐𝟐 v Divide 12 by 2
v Divide 12 by 2
v Divide 12 by 2
v v v v v v
v v v v v v
v v v v v v
b)b) b)13𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐𝟏𝟏 of
𝟏𝟏 9
𝟗𝟗
𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐 𝟗𝟗
𝟑𝟑 𝟑𝟑
𝟏𝟏
b) 𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐 𝟗𝟗
𝟑𝟑
c) 15 𝟏𝟏of 15
𝟏𝟏c) 𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏
c) 𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐𝟓𝟓 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏
𝟓𝟓
𝟏𝟏
c) 𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏
𝟓𝟓
c) 14 of 12
!
d) 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 12
!
!
d) ! 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 12
d) ! 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 12
!
15
15 15
135
! ! !
II) Find
II)! Find ! !
a) ! 30
d)! 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 72 b) e) !
𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 40 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 27 c) 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜f)48!
𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 49
! !
1!
a) 6 of 30 b) 1 !
of 40 c) 1 of 48 !
5 8
1 1 1
d)
d)
!
9 72
𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜
of 72 e)
e)
! of27
3 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 27 of 49
f) f)7! 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 49
! ! !
III) What fraction of the collection is coloured?
III) What fraction of the collection is coloured?
Facts
a)a)
Corner
III) What fraction of the collection is coloured? Sunflower needs a lot of
Fraction = sun light and follows the
a) sun’s movements across
Fraction =
the sky from east to west,
this phenomenon is called
b)
Fraction = heliotropism.
b)
b)
Fraction =
Fa c
t C
orn
e r
Fraction==
Fraction Sunflower needs a lot of sun light
and follows the sun’sFac
t C
movements across the sky orfrom
ner east
Sunflower needsthis
a lotphenomenon
of sun light
to west, is called
and follows the sun’s
heliotropism.
movements across the sky from east
c)c) to west, this phenomenon is called
heliotropism. F a ct Corne
c) r
Fact Co
Fig trees have no blossom rneron their
Fraction
Fraction ==

branches. The blossom is inside of F
their produce16 cts
a
Fraction = Fig trees
thehave no! blossom
fruit Many tinyonflowers C o
branches.
theThe blossom
crunchy littleisedible
insideseeds
of of the rner
the fruit ! Many tiny flowers produce16
fruit which is rich in calcium and fiber.
the crunchy little edible seeds of the
Fig trees have no blossom on their branches.
fruit which is rich in calcium and fiber.
The blossom is inside of the fruit! Many
tiny flowers produce the crunchy little
edible seeds of the fruit which is rich in
calcium and fibre.
136
Applications in real life
1) Megna’s mother gifted her a drawing book on her birthday. Out of
15 pages, she has completed colouring 9 pages.
a) Fraction of pages coloured =
b) Fraction of pages yet to be coloured =
2) There are 20 roses in a bouquet. Out of that 12 are yellow and the
rest are pink.
a) Fraction of yellow roses =
b) Fraction of pink roses =
3) Mahitha has 24 marbles. She gave one third to her brother and
kept the remaining with her.
a) How many marbles did she give her brother?
b) What fraction of the marbles did she keep with her?
4) There are 14 boys and 12 girls in a class.
What fraction of the class is a) boys?
b) girls?

Find
a) Half of a dozen mangoes
b) Quarter of an hour
c) Three quarters of 12 jamuns
d) Half of 42 metres of cloth
137
Practise Exercises
I) Write the fraction of the shaded parts
a) b) c)
d) e) f)
II) Colour to show the given fractions

a) 4 b) 3
6 5
c) 5 d) 2
8 5
e) 3 f) 7
8 10
138
III) Can you divide each of the pictures into two equal parts?
Write YES/NO
a) b) c)
d) e) f)
!
d) of a IV)
dozen e) Half of 100 rupees
Find the following
!
a) 1 of 24 b) 1 of 32 c) 1 of 80
2 4 8
d) 1 of a dozen e) Half of 100 rupees
4
V) Match the shaded parts with the fractions.
V) Match the shaded parts with the fractions
a)
! a) 1
! 4
! b) 4
b) 8
!
c) 1 whole
c) 1 whole
d)
!
d) 3
! 6
e)
! e) 2
! 3
VI) Word problems in fraction.

139
a) Amirta has 5 red marbles, 3 green marbles and 2 yellow

VI) Applications in real life
a) Amirta has 5 red marbles, 3 green marbles and 2 yellow marbles.
What fraction of the marbles is green?
b) Students of class 3 were taken for an excursion. Out of 40

students, 30 were boys and the rest were girls. Find the
fraction of students who were girls.
c) Varshini runs 1000 metres everyday. But she runs only half the
distance on Sundays. Find the distance covered by her on Sundays.
d) Ajay’s mother gave him 20 peanut candies. He shares quarter

of that with his brother and kept the rest for himself. Find the
fraction of the candies left for himself.

Aruna prepared 24 dhoklas. She distributed half of the
dhoklas to her friends. Of the remaining dhoklas she
shared one third with her father. What is the fraction of
dhoklas left with her?

Rohan has 1 bread slice. How will he share amongst 4
puppies equally? What is the fraction of bread slice got
by each puppy? [Do you feed animals and birds? We must
give food to animals and birds.]
Dhaan Utsav – Joy of Giving

The simple acts of kindness are by far more powerful than a
thousand heads bowing in prayer. In our school, Dhaan Utsav is
celebrated between 2nd October and 8th October every year to
celebrate the Joy of Giving.
140
Draw and colour to show the given fractions
a) 2 b) 4 c) 3
5 7 4
d) 4 e) Two third f) one quarter

4
Lab Activity
A. Draw line/lines and colour to show the given fractions.
a) Half b) Quarter c) Three quarters
B. Colour
i) Half of the collection
ii) One Quarter of the collection
141
MONEY
Learning OUTCOMES
• Express money in words and figures
• Convert rupees into paise and vice-versa
• Add and subtract money
• Solve real-life problems
• Understand and prepare a bill
Warm up
We need money to buy things. Rupee Symbol was
designed by
`
Indian currency is Rupee and Paise. Mr. Uday Kumar
of Tamil Nadu.
1 rupee = 100 paise
We use the symbol ` for rupee and P for paise.
Money in real life

Ajay wants to buy a notebook that costs ` 55.
His father gave him two twenty rupee notes and two ten rupee notes.
Can he buy the notebook?

Will he get a change from the shopkeeper?
If yes, how much?
142
142
Indian currency notes and coins in use now
Exercise 1
I) Draw the notes and coins needed to buy the following
Object Cost
a) ` 21
b) ` 16
c) ` 125
d) ` 150
e) ` 41
143
II) Add to find the amount
a) ` 10 `5 = ` __________
b) ` 20 ` 10 ` 10 = ` ___________
c) ` 50 ` 50 `1 `1 = ` ___________
d) ` 100 ` 10 `5 `2 = ` ____________
Do you know these coins?
Ten coins of 10 paise

Five coins of 20 paise
1 rupee = four coins of 25 paise
Two coins of 50 paise
100 paise =1 rupee
Thinking Skills
How many 50 paise coins will make ` 9?
How many 25 paise coins will make ` 7?
Concepts Section
Let us learn how to write the rupees and paise in words and figures.
Example 1 ` 20 50p
We write this amount as ` 20 . 50
Rupees Paise
The dot separates the rupees and paise
144
We write the rupee symbol in the left and we don’t write paise on the right.
In words we write it as Twenty rupees and fifty paise.
Example 2
Leno has a 200 rupee note and a fifty paise coin.
How did she write in figures?
` 200 50p = ` 200.50 (in figures)
Two hundred rupees and fifty paise (in words)
Example 3
50p If we have only a 50 paise coin, we write it as
` 0.50 (in figures)
Fifty paise (in words)
Exercise 2
I) Write in words
a) ` 125.50
b) ` 200.00
c) ` 2300.50
d) ` 785
e) ` 1230.50
II) Write in figures

a) two hundred rupees and fifty paise = ___________
b) five hundred fifteen rupees = ____________
c) fifty paise = ___________
d) five rupees and fifty paise = ___________
e) one thousand fifty rupees
f) nine hundred five rupees and fifty paise =________
145
III) Add and write in figures
a) ` 50 ` 20 ` 10 ` 50 = ___________
b) ` 100 ` 100 `5 ` 50 = ___________
c) ` 10 `5 ` 50 ` 50 ` 50 = ___________
d) ` 500 ` 500 `5 `2 ` 50 = ___________
Who is correct?
Pooja bought a bag for ` 100 and her brother
Varun bought a puzzle book for ` 100.
Pooja gave five 20 rupee notes and
Varun gave ten 10 rupee notes to the shopkeeper.
We can give the same amount in different denominations.

Example
` 350 can be given in different ways.
` 350 = ` 200 ` 100 ` 50
` 350 = ` 100 ` 100 ` 100 ` 50
` 350 = ` 100 ` 100 ` 50 ` 50 ` 50
146
Exercise 3
I) Give the amount in two different ways
a) ` 60 = Recall the
Indian currency
` 60 =
b) ` 520 =
c) ` 1000 =


Surya has 4 notes worth ` 230. His friend Manasa has the same amount. But she has
7 notes. Draw the currency notes that Surya and Manasa, might have.
Conversion
Example 1. Covert ` 7 into paise
We know that ` 1 = 100 paise
Therefore ` 7 = 7 x 100 p =700 paise.
To convert rupees into paise, multiply by 100
Example 2. Convert ` 12.50 into paise.

` 12.50 = 1250 p
Covert ` 12 into paise
12 x 100 = 1200 p
Now add the 50 p to it, 1200 + 50 = 1250.
We can also do it by removing the dot to convert into paise.
Example 3. Convert into rupees and paise.

500 paise = ` (500 ÷ 100) = ` 5.00
150 paise = ` (150 ÷ 100)= ` 1.50
To convert paise into rupees and paise, divide paise by 100. Or Simply count two num-
bers from the right and put a dot.
147
Exercise 4
I) Convert into paise.
a) ` 16.50 =____p
b) ` 37.50 = ____p
c) ` 10 = _____p
d) ` 250.50 = _____p
e) ` 74 = ______p
f) 9 rupees and 50 paise =______ p
II) Convert into rupees and paise.

a) 400 p =
b) 2000 p =
c) 1250 p =
d) 4850 p =
e) 2600 p =
Addition of money in real life.
Radha invited her friends for her birthday.

Her friends planned to buy gifts for her birthday. They visited a nearby shop and
bought the following items.
148
Aswin Mona Roshini
` 50 ` 50 ` 100
` 10 ` 20 `5
`5 ` 10

Amount spent by Aswin = ` ___________
Amount spent by Mona = ` ___________
Amount spent by Roshini = ` ___________
Example 1
Charan bought a cricket bat for ` 750 and a ball
for ` 165. Find the amount to be paid by him.
Price of the cricket bat = `750
Price of the ball = + `165
Total amount = ` 915
Ans : He has to pay ` 915.
 When we buy two or more items, we have to add to find the total amount.
Exercise 5
I) Add
a) ` 9 8 b) ` 2 8 4 c) ` 6 0 7 8
+ `75 + ` 79 + `2586
d) ` 807 + ` 95 e) ` 420 + ` 836 f) ` 909 + ` 1764
149
II) Applications in real life
a) Thara has ` 270 in her savings bank. On her birthday, her mother
gave her ` 50 and father gave her ` 80.
Find the total amount in her savings.
b) Karan bought apples for ` 215 and grapes for ` 135.

How much money did he pay the vendor?
c) Arun bought a pen for `140, pencils for ` 35 and

an eraser for ` 8. How much did he spend on stationery?
Subtraction of money in real life

Example 1
Dheeraj has ` 500 with him. He buys a mobile phone cover for
` 72.Find the amount left with him?
4 9
Amount with Dheeraj = ` 5 0 0
Price of mobile phone cover = –` 7 2
Amount left with him = ` 4 2 8
Example 2
Aruna wants toExample
buy a hand 2bag. She has ` 975 with her.
The cost of theAruna
bag is `wants
1240. How much
to buy a more
handmoney does
bag for she She has � 975
her.
need to buy the bag?
with her. The cost of the bag is �1240. ` 975How much more

money does she need to buy the bag?
`1240 �975 ?
0 1 3

You always subtract
Price of the bagPrice of the bag
= = `�1
1 2
2 44 00 � 1240
the smaller number
from the
Amount with her = – ` 9 7 5 greater number.
Amount with her=
=−�
` 9 75
2 6 5
=� 2 65 In subtraction,
She needs ` 2 6 5 more to buy the bag.
write the
She needs � 2 6 5 more to buy the bag. greater number
first.
150
Exercise 6
I) Subtract:
Exercise 6
a) � 8 0
I) Subtract: b) � 3 0 4 c) �10 0 0 d)� 2030
��
a) − 8 02 9 − 3�0148 7
b) � − � 02 07 6 d)�
c) �10 � 1458
− 2030
−�29 −�187 Exercise

− � 2 7 66 − � 1458
I)e)
Subtract
� 500 − � 97 f) � 420 − � 175 g) � 6301 − � 4829
a) ` 8 0 b) ` 3 0 4 c) ` 1 0 0 0 d) ` 2 0 3 0
II) Word
e) –� `500 problems in subtraction of money
2 9− � 97– ` f)1 �8 420
7 − � –175
` 2g)7�66301 −– �` 4829
1 4 5 8
II) a)
WordSeema donated
problems in�subtraction
5000 to an oforphanage.
money Her brother
e) ` 500 – ` 97 f) ` 420 – ` 175 g) ` 6301 – ` 4829
a) Seema donated ��5000
Amith donated 4815.toWho has donated
an orphanage. Hermore?
brother
II) Applications
How muchinmore?
real life
Amith donated � 4815. Who has donated more?
a) Seema donated ` 5000 to an orphanage. Her brother Amith
b)donated
HowVijay
muchbought
more?
` 4815.
a story
Who book
donated for by
more, � how
418.much?
He gave � 500
Vijayto bought
b)b) Vijay the shopkeeper.
bought a astory book
story How
book much
418.
for `for �He did he
gaveHe
418. gettoback?
` 500
gave the shop-
� 500
keeper. How much money should he get back from him?
c)
toArun visited an exhibition.
the shopkeeper. How much Hedid
bought
he geta back?
hand crafted
c) Arun visited an exhibition. He bought a hand crafted flower vase for
` flower
920. Butvase for �price
the actual 920ofinitHe
sale.
was `But the
1200. actual
What price
is the was in
difference
c) Arun visited an exhibition. bought a hand crafted
price? How much money did he save, because he bought it in the sale?
� 1200.
flower vaseWhat
for � is920
theindifference
sale. But in
theprice?
actual price was
� 1200. WhatCreative skills in price?
is the difference
2) Kiran has ` 75. Priya has ` 92.
Make your own story sum.
III) Solve
a) ` 83 + ` 75 – ` 9 b) ` 500 – `195 – ` 75
c) Sandhya had a ` 500 note and a ` 200 note in her purse.

She bought a dress for ` 620.
Find the amount that would be left with her now.
d) Megna went to a medical shop to buy a soap for ` 63 and a hand

sanitizer for ` 89. She gave ` 200 to the shopkeeper.
How much money should she get back?
151
Value based Activity
1) Devi and Anitha donated ` 5000 for the Government covid
relief fund. If Devi’s contribution was `2375, find out the
amount donated by Anitha.
Draw the notes and coins for the amount donated.
Rate chart and Bill

We have seen a rate chart in shops and restaurants. It shows the price of each item
available in the shop.
To find the amount to be paid for purchased items, we multiply the rate of the item
with the quantity we buy.
Amount = Rate x Quantity

Bill is given by the shopkeeper to the customer for the Items
purchased in the shop. The bill has the name of the shop, date of
purchase, rate, quantity and the amount to be paid.
Example
Darshan visited a vegetable shop. He checked the price Rate is cost of 1 item
list and purchased the following items.
Potato 2 kg; onion 1 kg; carrot 3 kg and beans 4 kg. After the purchase, he got a bill
for ` 464.
S no. Items bought Rate Quantity Amount
1 Potato ` 45 2 kg ` 90
2 Onion ` 30 1 kg ` 30
3 Carrot ` 64 3 kg ` 192
4 beans ` 38 4 kg ` 152
Total amount to be paid = ` 464
He paid ` 464 for the items he purchased
Rate x Quantity = Amount
152
Preparing a bill
Example
Naveen bought the following items from a stationery Shop. Let us prepare a bill for
the given items.
2 water bottles at ` 120 each
1 pencil box at ` 90
3 note books at ` 45 each
3 rulers at ` 12 each
S no. Items bought Rate Quantity Amount
1 Water bottles ` 120 2 ` 240
2 Pencil box ` 90 1 ` 90
3 Note books ` 45 3 ` 135
4 Rulers ` 12 3 ` 36
Total amount to be paid = ` 501
Rate x Quantity = Amount
Exercise 7
1) Prepare a bill and find the total amount to be paid for the given items.
2 kg Apples at ` 145 per kg
a water melon at ` 38
4 kg guava at ` 26 per kg
S no Items bought Rate Quantity Amount
1 Apples ` 145 2
2 watermelon ` 38 1
3 guava ` 26 4
2) Janani purchased the following items from a textile shop.
Prepare a bill to find the total amount to be paid by her.
2 Sarees for ` 500 each
3 Shirts for ` 240 each
a Hand bag for ` 275
153
S No. Items bought Quantity Rate Amount
1
2
3
Total amount paid by Janani = ` ________.
3) Sangeeth visited a restaurant with his family.

He ordered the following items. Prepare a bill and find the
total amount to be paid.
5 Idlis at ` 8 each. 2 Aloo parathas at ` 75 each.
4 dosas at ` 60 each. 6 Pooris at ` 18 each.
S no. Items bought Quantity Rate Amount
1 Idli 5 `8
2 Dosa 4 ` 60
3 Aloo Paratha 2 ` 75
4 Poori 6 ` 18
Total amount paid by Sangeeth = ` _______.
Practise Exercises
I) Fill in the blanks, with how many
a) ` 1 = _______ 50p coins
b) ` 5 = _______ one rupee coins
c) ` 30 = _______ 5 rupee coins
d) ` 100 = _______ 10 rupee coins
II) Draw the notes and coins for the given amount
a) ` 93.50
b) ` 140
c) ` 74.50
154
d) ` 316
e) ` 1604
III) Add to find the amount

a) = `_______
b) = `_______
c) =`_______
d) = `_______
e) = `_______
IV) Convert into paise

a) ` 9 = b) ` 15 = c) ` 98.50 = d) ` 48.50 =
V) Convert into rupees and paise

a) 400 p = b) 750 p = c) 3200 p =
d) 1850 p = e) 5050 p = d) 4000p =
VI) Write in figures

a) fourteen rupees and fifty paise = ________
b) one hundred rupees and fifty paise = ________
c) twentyfive paise = ________
d) five paise = ________
e) three hundred rupees = ______
155
VII) Write in words
a) ` 36.50
b) ` 990.50
c) ` 1004.00
d) ` 2200
e) ` 0.50
VIII) Add
a) ` 79 + ` 26 b) ` 147 + ` 98 c) ` 263 + ` 137
d) ` 48 + ` 514
IX) Solve
a) ` 100 - ` 43 b) ` 310 - ` 269 c) ` 2000 - ` 894
d) Subtract ` 74 from ` 200 e) Subtract ` 106 from ` 1000
X) Applications in real life

a) Barath’s father earns ` 3850 and his mother earns ` 4100 per month. Their monthly
expenditure is ` 6920.
How much money do they save every month?
b) Mahitha gives ` 1000 to the shopkeeper to buy a mat. If the

shopkeeper returns ` 375, what was the price of the mat?
c) Aravind bought a refrigerator for ` 8690. He then bought a stand for

` 435. Find the amount spent by him.
d) Rama bought 2 hair clips for ` 45 each. How much did she spend?
156
Thinking Skills
Arun wants to buy 2 exam pads, one for his sister and one for
himself. The price of an exam pad is ` 165. He has ` 500 in his
savings. Can he buy the items?
If yes, find the amount (a) that he would spend on them
(b) that would be left with him after buying
them
Activity
1) Lavanya went to Ooty for summer vacation. They visited a fair there. There were
different rides each with different fares.
Boat ride Cycle ride Horse ride Giant wheel
` 50 ` 20 ` 32 ` 15
Help Lavanya to pay the amount for her
rides.
+
i) boat ride and giant wheel
ii) cycle ride and horse ride

+
iii) She has ` 100. Help her choose the

maximum number of rides with that amount
157
iii) If she has � 100, what are the rides she can go?
2) Four friends visited a mall to buy some items.

2) Four friends visited a mall to buy some items.
Look
Lookatatthe
the price tag
price tag of of each
each itemitem and answer
and answer the following.
the following.
6262
`� ` 189
� 189 `�1515
`7 ` 212
�7 � 212 `�3636
i) Janani bought a pot and a tumbler.

How much did she pay?
+
ii) Naveen wanted to buy a purse and a pen for his mother.
He has ` 200 with him.
Does he have enough money to buy them? Yes / No
If Yes, would he have a balance? How much? +
If No, how much more money does he need to buy them?
iii) Pooja bought 2 pots. How much did she pay? +
iv) If Rahul bought a hand bag and 2 notebooks, how much did he pay?

+
158
Social skills
a) Find the currency used in our neighbouring countries.
b) How do you identify a original currency from its duplicate?
c) Where are our coins and notes made?
d) Name the monuments seen in ` 50 note and ` 200 note.
e) Which Indian currency has the motif of Mangalyan?
A. Have your own shop
Teacher divides the students into 5 groups.
Each group will create a shop in the classroom with
4 different items with a price tag on each item. Each group
visits the other shops and purchases items.
They prepare a bill and find the amount to be paid
for the purchased items.
Finally, the students will show the bill to the teacher.
B. Three friends visited an ice cream shop. Find the total
amount paid for the ice creams purchased by them using the rate chart displayed in
the shop.
Vanilla ` 40
Strawberry ` 38
Mango ` 42
Pista ` 50
Chocolate ` 58
159
1) Madhumitha bought 2 pista, 2 mango and 1 chocolate ice creams.
S No Items bought Quantity Rate Amount
Total amount paid = ` _________

2) Roshan bought 2 vanilla, 2 mango, 1 chocolate and 1 strawberry ice creams.
Total amount paid = ` _________

If Roshan has ` 200, can he buy the items? If no, how much more money is needed?
160
Time
L ea r n in g O b j e c t i ve s
• Read the time to the nearest 5 minutes.
• Write the time with a.m. or p.m.
• Correlate time in real life.
• Know to read the calendar.
Wa r m u p
Vibhav and Varshini love their Nana (Grandfather in Hindi) and Nani (Grandmother in
Hindi) very much. They were eagerly waiting for
their arrival.
Varshini: Grandparents will reach the Central
Railway station by tomorrow morning.
Vibhav: Oh! That’s great. So, we must be there
to receive them an hour before they
reach. Right didi?
Varshini: Papa said that they might reach
around 8 O’clock in the morning. We
must be there at 7 O’clock.
Vibhav: I am eagerly waiting to meet them and spend time listening to stories, playing
native games, etc.
Varshini: I especially love Nani’s traditional food varieties. Yummy!
Vibhav: Now we shall go to bed, so that we can wake up at 5 O’clock in the morning
to pick them up. Good Night didi.
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Co ncept Se c t i on
 We measure the time with the help of a clock.
 A clock has two hands. Some clocks have three hands.
 The long hand tells us the time in minutes. Hence it is called the minute
hand.
 The short hand tells us the time in hours. Hence it is called the hour hand.
 Clock also has number 1 to 12 written on its face.
 The hour hand takes 1 hour to go from one number to the next and 12 hours
to complete 1 round.
 The minute hand takes 5 minutes to go from one number to the next and
1 hour or 60 minutes to complete 1 round.
Wa r m u p
I) Pooja’s daily activities are given here. Read the clock and match the time.
Gets up from bed
8.00
Eats breakfast
8.30
Goes to school
7.00
Practices yoga
6.00
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II) Draw the missing hands of the clock, to match the time given below it.
2:00 4:30 12 o’clock Half past 10
III) Draw the hands of the clock for the given time.
Half past 9 11:30 Half past 1 5:00
Quarter past 9 Half past 3 12 o’clock 4:15
6:30 8 o’clock Quarter past 2 11:00
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IV) Fill in the blanks.
a) 1 hour = minutes.
b) 1 day = hours.
c) 1 week = days.
d) 1 year = months
e) There are days in May.
f) Wednesday comes after .
g) Two consecutive months with 31 days in a year are and
h) Children’s day is celebrated on .
 Reading time to the nearest 5 minutes
Ø The minute hand takes 5 minutes to go from one number to the next and 1 hour or
60 minutes to complete 1 round.
Ø The minute hand moves through 60 small divisions to complete one round and
each division is equal to 1 minute.
We can read minutes by counting in fives.
60
55 0 5
50 10
45 15
40 20
35 25
30
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Observe the below pictures showing the time intervals in count of fives from 3 o’clock
to 4 o’clock.
3:00 3:05 3:10 3:15

3 o’clock 5 minutes past 3 10 minutes past 3 15 minutes past 3
Quarter past 3
3:20 3:25 3:30

20 minutes past 3 25 minutes past 3 30 minutes past 3
Half past 3
3:35 3:40 3:45

35 minutes past 3 40 minutes past 3 45 minutes past 3
Quarter to 4
3:50 3:55 4:00

50 minutes past 3 55 minutes past 3 4 o’clock
Thinking skills
 Which of the two hands of the clock

completes one round first?
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Fill in the boxes with the minutes, that the number shows
Wr iting th e t i m e i n 2 ways.
Example 1.
The hour hand is between 1 and 2
The minute hand points at 5 (5x5=25minutes).
The time is 1:25
25 minutes past 1
Example 2.
The time is
2 : 50
50 minutes past 2
Example 3.
The hour hand is just after 7.
The time is 7:15
15 minutes past 7 or Quarter past 7
Example 4.
The hour hand is just before 8.
The time is 7:45
45 minutes past 7 or Quarter to 8
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E x er c i s e 1
I. Write the time shown on the clock in two ways.
1. 2. 3.
12:25
25 minutes past 12
4. 5. 6.
7. 8. 9.
10. 11. 12.
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II. Draw the arms of the clock to show the time.
a. b. c.
Quarter past five Quarter to seven Half past eight
d. e. f.
5 minutes past 7 2:15 20 minutes past 12
g. h. i.
20 minutes past 9 7:55 45 minutes past 10
Co ncept S e c t i on
v Time before and after
Parikshit’s exams start tomorrow.
He has to report the exam hall by 8:20 in the
morning.
So, he plans to start his day a little early and
reach school by 8:00.
Usually, he wakes up at 6:00 in the morning, but he
decides to wake up an hour before the usual time.
What time has he to fix the alarm?
6:00 – 1 hour = _______
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After getting done with his daily routine by 5:30,
he revised for his Maths Exam for an hour. At
what time did he end his revision?
5:30 + 1 hour = _______
He takes 1 hour to have his breakfast and get ready for school.
At what time would he start from home to school?
6:30 + 1 hour = _______
E x er c i s e 2
I. Find the time
a) 2 hours after 2:00
b) 1 hour before 10:00
c) 2 hours before 4:20
d) 3 hours after 7:50
e) 1 hour after Half past 1
f) 1 hour before quarter past 8
g) 2 hours after ten minutes past 12
h) 1 hour after 30 minutes past 3
i) 2 hours before 1:55
j) 1 hour before 25 minutes past 7
Thinking skills
 Which hand of the clock completes

one round in 1 hour?
 Which hand of the clock completes
one round in 12 hours?
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Co n cept S e c t i on
v How Long?
Abhimanyu was an expert at archery. He does
his warm up exercises from
Start End
to
How long does he do the warm up?

30 minutes or half hour
Then he starts his practice
Start End
to
How long does he practice in the morning?

6:15 to 8:15 2 hours
E x er c i s e 3
I. How long do you need to do the following every day?
Say whether you need few minutes / few hours.
Tick the correct answer.
a) Wearing the dress (minutes / hours)
b) Doing warm up exercises (minutes / hours)
c) Playing a football match (minutes / hours)
d) Eating breakfast (minutes / hours)
e) Arranging your books in a bag (minutes / hours)
f) Time spent in school (minutes / hours)
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II. The start and end time of a few events are given. How long do they take?
1) Jogging
Start End
How long?
2) Writing an examination
Start End
How long?
3) Getting ready to school

Start End
How long?
Concept Section am / pm
Baskar has to attend a meeting at Bengaluru
on Friday. He reserved a train ticket well in
advance.
Baskar reached the railway station to board
the train at 7:00 p.m., but he was not able to
board the train. He missed the train.
Do you
know why?
Baskar booked a ticket for the train at 7:00 in the morning on

Thursday but he reached the railway station at 7:00 in the evening.
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Ø Ante meridien (a.m.) and Post meridien (p.m.)
We know that 1 day has 24 hours.
 The time after 12 midnight before 12 noon is written
with a.m.
 The time after 12 noon to before midnight is written The tim
e ta
complete ken by Earth to
with p.m. one rota
tion is
1 day.
Example
Swapna went to Mysore with her family for a summer vacation.
She visited many tourist spots there during her visit. After the
trip she noted down the places, along with the time that she had
visited, the places in her diary.
• Left hotel at 9 O’clock in the morning.
We say 9:00 a.m.
• Reached Mysore Palace at 10:30 in the morning.
It is 10:30 a.m.
• Lunch at 12 O’clock. It is written as 12 noon.
• Visited Botanical Garden at 4:15 in the evening.
It is 4:15 p.m.
• Returned to hotel at 9 O’clock in the evening.
It is 9:00 p.m.
We don’t use a.m. or p.m. with 12 O’clock.

We write 12 noon and 12 midnight respectively.
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E x er c i s e 4
I) Write the time using a.m. or p.m.
a) Rohan gets up at 6:15
b) Dinner at 8:10
c) Doing homework at 5:30 in the evening.
d) Tennis practice at 7:00 in the morning.
e) Football match at 4:45 in the evening.
f) 1:50 at night.
II) Find the time
a) 1 hour after 8:00 a.m.
b) 1 hour before 2:30 p.m.
c) 3 hours after 10:30 a.m.
d) 1 hour before 1:00 a.m.
e) 2 hours after 10 O’ clock in the morning.
f) 2 hours before 12 midnight
h) 1 hour after 11 am
III) Applications of time in real life.
1) Kayalvizhi’s music class started at 5:30 a.m. and ended
after an hour. At what time did it end?
2) Ravi travelled from Trichy to Madurai by Tejas Special
Express, the duration of the journey was 2 hours. He
reached Madurai at 12:00 noon. At what time did the
train leave Trichy?
Thinking skills
 How many rounds does the hour

hand complete in a day?
 How many rounds does the minute
hand complete in a day?
173
Calendar
We use a calendar to know the date, day, month and year.
The Gregorian calendar is the most widely used calendar in the world today.
We know an ordinary year has 365 days. In an ordinary year February has 28 days.
The year in which February has 29 days, is called a leap year.
A leap year has 366 days.
Leap year comes once in 4 years.
The earth takes 365 days and 6 hours to complete one revolution
around the Sun. In 4 years, (6h x4=24h) it comes to 24 hours.
So, 1 day is added in February once in 4 years.
Ø Observe the number of days in February in the given years.
Identify the leap year from the above calendar.
Facts Co
rner
People born on 29th February are

called Leaplings or Leapers.
Ø To find whether a year is a leap year, divide the number formed from ones and tens
digit by 4. If the remainder is ‘0’ then the given year is a leap year. It is also a leap
year, if the last two digits are '00'
Example: 2000 is a leap year, 2004 is a leap year, 2010 is not leap year.
The last leap year was _______. The next leap year would be ______.
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Example 1. Check if 2022 is a leap year. Why do we
divide by 4?
Divide 22 by 4, we get 2 as the remainder.
Hence 2022 is not a leap year.
Example 2. Check if 2024 is a leap year.

Divide 24 by 4, we get the remainder as 0. Hence
2024 is a leap year.
Ø 7 days make a week.
How many weeks make a year?
One year = 365 days
Divide 365 by 7, we get 52 as the quotient.

So, 1 year = 52 weeks.
E x er c i s e 5
a) Leap year has days.
b) In a leap year, February has days.
c) Leap year comes once in years.
d) A year has weeks.
e) Months with 31 days are , ,
, , , .
f) Months with 30 days are , , , .
Thinking skills
I was born in the year 2016. My birthday

comes only once in 4 years.
What is my date of birth?
175
Practise exercises.
I) Write the time
1. 2. 3.
7:30
half past 7
4. 5. 6.
7. 8. 9.
II) Draw the hands of the clock for the given time.
1:05 2:30 3:00
5:50 2:10 4:15

176
III) Daily routine of Ajay is given. Read the paragraph and answer the questions
that follow.
Ajay gets up at 5 O’ clock in the morning. He goes walking
for an hour. He has his breakfast at 8:00. He goes to
school at 9:30 and comes back at 4:00 in
the evening. After school, he goes for yoga
class at 4:30 and comes back at 5:30. He
starts doing his home work at 6:00. He
takes his pet dogs for a walk 1 hour before his dinner at 8:30
and goes to sleep 2 hours after dinner.
A. Write the time (with a.m. / p.m.)

1) Ajay comes back from walk at
2) At what time he does go to sleep?
3) At what time he takes his dogs for a walk?
B. Write the time with a.m. or p.m.
1) Ajay gets up at .
2) He goes to school at .
3) He goes for yoga class at .
IV) Read the time in the clock Draw the hands of the clock to show the time before
or after
a) b)
2 hours after 1 hours before

Time Time Time Time
c) d)
2 hours before 3 hours after

Time Time Time Time
177
Test yourself :
The date 2 days after 27th February

2020 is
Time in real life

I. Find the time.
1) A football match started at 9:30 a.m. and ended at 11:30 a.m.
The match was played for hours.
2) Sachin started to clean the house at 10:00 a.m. It took 3 hours for him to complete
the work.
He completed the work at (1 a.m./ 1 p.m.)
3) The school planned to start the annual day program at 5:30 p.m.
Students were asked to report an hour before the start.
So, the students have to report at .
4) Ravi started his morning jog at 5 a.m. and jogged for 2 hours.
At what time did he complete his jogging?
II. A day with Amira and her mother.

• Amira’s mother gets up at 5:30 a.m.
She cooks for 1 hour.
She completes cooking at .
• She leaves for office at 9:00 a.m. and comes home at 1:00 p.m.
She works for hours in the office.
• Amira and her mother exercise from 3:00 p.m. to 5:00 p.m.
They exercise for hours.
• They have dinner at 8:30 p.m. Amira completes

her homework an hour before dinner.
She completes her homework at .
• She goes to sleep 2 hours after dinner.

She goes to sleep at .
178
Use the clues to find the correct clock from the given choices.
Challenge 1
• I am between 2 o’clock and 6 o’clock.
• I am neither quarter past nor quarter to an hour.
What time am I?
Challenge 2
• My short hand points at 1.
• My big hand points at the number which is double
that of the short hand.
What time am I?

Prepare a time table of your daily routines and draw the clock showing the time for
each activity.
179
Lab Activity :
Make your own calendar and mark the birthday of your family members and friends.
Also mark the days of the memorable events and important activities in it.
January
4- World Braille day
9- Guru Gobind Singh Jayanti
11- Death Anniversary of Lal Bahadur shastri
12- National Youth Day/ Swami Vivekananda Jayanti
13- Lohri / Bhogi
14- Makar Sankranti/ Pongal
15- Indian Army Day
23- Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose Jayanti
24- National Girl Child Day
26- Republic Day
28- Birth Anniversary of Lala Rajput Rai
30- Martyrs Day
180
MEASUREMENT
Learning Outcomes:
• Compare the size of objects without actual measurement.
• Understand how to measure light or heavy objects.
• Compare the capacities of vessels.
• Understand the use of standard units.
• Convert from smaller to bigger units of measurements and vice versa
• Solve real-life problems of length, weight, and capacity.
• Estimate length, weight, and capacity.
Measurement of Length
Non-standard units:
Why are they non-standard units?
rements
I see people These measu on to
pe rs
using these vary from
person
181
Activity: 1
How many hand spans of yours is your study table, Measure. Ask your mother to
measure using her hand span. Then let your younger brother measure the table with
his hand span.
Mine:__________
What did you observe? Are they the same? Mother’s:__________
Standard units: Brother’s:__________
Millimetre: Very small lengths are measured in millimetres.
The length between two small lines on this scale is a millimetre. We write it as mm in
short.
1. Mobile phone is 8 mm thick.
2. Your nail is 5mm wide
3. Width of a pencil is 7mm
Experiential Learning:
1. Measure the gap between the two lines in your maths note book.
2. Measure the thickness of your table top.
3. Measure the width of your little finger.
Centimetre: Small lengths can be measured in centimetres. In short it is written as cm.
10mm = 1 cm
1. Length of the pencil is 15cm 2. A toothpick is 10cm long.
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A B
Length of line segment AB is 5cm
Activity 3:
Collect 5 objects that can be measured in centimetres.
Metre: 100cm is 1 metre. In short, we can write it as m. The cloth merchant uses a
metre scale to measure cloth.
1. The black board in the class room is 4m long.
2. Raju is 130 cm tall whereas Radha's height is 120 cm. Who is taller?
Raju Radha
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3. Length of the class room is 5m
Activity:4
1. Measure the length of your school playground.
2. Measure the height of the flag pole and a tree in your school and compare.
3. Find the height of your tallest and the shortest friend.
Kilometre is the unit used to measure the long distances. We can write it as km.
Kilo means 1000. 1km=1000m
1. The national speed limit is 48km per hour.
2. Bengaluru is 336km away from Chennai.

3. The Marina beach runs a distance of 6km,
making it the longest natural urban beach in the
country.

Find any 5 measure of lengths which can be
measured in km.
E x e r c i se 1
1. Circle the closest measurements:
a. A pen is about long. (12cm, 12m, 12km)
184
b. Height of a tree is about (5cm, 5m, 5km)
c. The distance between Chennai and Mahabalipuram is
. (54km, 54m, 54cm)
2. Fill in the blanks with the correct unit of length.
a. Length of the feather is about 5 .
b. Your house is about away from the school.
c. Maintain a social distance of 2 from each others.
d. Length of your pencil box is about 20 .
e. Height of the class room is about .
3. Which is longer?
a. Your index finger or little finger?
185
b. Length of a tooth brush or its cover?
c. Depth of a well or depth of a water tank?
Conversion of length
1m = 100cm
1km = 1000m
Higher unit to lower unit

multiply with 1000 multiply with 100
km m cm
Lower unit to higher unit

divide by 100 divide by 1000
cm m km
Example 1
a. Convert 4m to cm
1m = 100cm
4m = 4 x 100 = 400cm.
b. Convert 2m 45cm into cm
2m = 200cm
+45cm
245cm
186
c. Convert 15m 5cm into cm
= 1500cm + 5cm = 1505cm
d. Convert 627cm into m and cm

627cm = 600cm + 27cm
6m 27cm
e. Convert 3km 549m into m

3km + 549m
3000m + 549m = 3549m
f. Convert 3050m into km and m

3050m = 3000m + 50m
= 3km 50m
Exercise 2
1. Convert into centimetres:
a. 2m b. 45m c. 1/2 m
d. 9m 64cm e. 10m 3cm f. 1/4 m
2. Convert into metres and centimetres:

a. 700cm b. 950cm c. 1005cm
d. 900cm e. 560cm f. 1540cm
3. Convert into metres:

a. 1km b. 2km 370m c. 10km 863m
d. 9km 45m e. 7km 7m f. 1/2 km
4. Convert into kilometres and metres:

a. 6000m b. 4518m c. 9604m
d. 12525m e. 3048m f. 6006m
187
Measurement of Weight
Arrange in ascending order based on their weight
1. 2. 3. 4.
Weight : It is measured by using a balance comparing a known weight with an unknown

weight.
Weight of the watermelon equals the weight of
three coconuts
1kg of carrot
20kg of grain
The pointer of the balance points tilts towards the heavier side.
188
Units of Mass
Lighter objects are measured in grams.
500g 600g 700g 800g 900g

Heavier objects are measured in kilograms:
50kg 7kg 20kg

High order thinking skills Find the weight of your friends. Find out how many of them
are below the normal weight. Advise them to take healthy food.
Conversion of units: 1kg = 1000g
Example:
1. Convert into grams:
a. 5kg b. 8kg 400g c. 10kg 50g
5kg=5x1000g 8kg=8x1000g 10kg=10x1000g
= 5000g 8000g + 400g = 8400g 10000g + 50g = 10050g
2. Convert into kilograms and grams:

a. 3000g b. 2500g c. 12055g
1000g=1kg 1000g=1kg 1000g=1kg
= 3kg 2kg+ 500g = 2kg 500g 12000g + 55g = 12kg 55g
189
E x e r c i se 3
1. Fill in the blanks with correct measures:
a. Weight of mangoes (2kg, 2g)
b. The gold coin weighs (2g, 2kg)
c. Weight of a watermelon (3kg, 300g )
d. Normal weight of a 7 year old child is (25kg, 12kg)
e. A pack of peanut candy measures (100g, 100kg)
2. Convert into grams:

a. 6kg b. 15kg c. 4kg 750g
d. 2 1/2 kg e. 9kg 40g f. 3kg 5g
3. Convert into kilograms and grams

a. 8000g b. 6750g c. 1050g
d. 15008g e. 9999g f. 20000g
Measurement of Capacity
What would you like to measure on these: length, mass or capacity?Why?
190
Capacity: Capacity is the maximum quantity of liquid a container can hold.
Standard units: We need a standard unit to measure the capacity of a container and
the quantity of a liquid.
To measure the capacity of small containers we use millilitre(ml)
Litre (l) is a larger unit of capacity.
Conversion: 1L=1000mL
E x e r c i se 4
1. Fill in the blanks with the correct measure:
1. Capacity of this jar is . (3L, 3mL)
2. Water in the shown container could be _________(2L, 200mL)
3. Capacity of the water tank is _________(1000L, 1000mL)
4. of medicine can be stored in this bottle. (50L,100mL)
5. This pen can be filled with of ink. (1L, 10mL)
191
2. Convert into millilitres:
a. 7L b. 25L c. 3L 564mL
d. 9L 8mL e. 10L 50mL f. 1/2 L
3. Convert into litres and millilitres:

a. 5000mL b. 5075mL c. 12,375mL
d. 1700mL e. 9004mL d. 1000mL
Practise
1. Choose the correct answer for each:
a. i) Length of paper clip is .
ii) Weight of the paper clip is .
(3g, 3cm)
b. i) Weight of the book is .

ii) Length of the book is .
(20cm, 200g)
c. i) Height of the drum is .

ii) Weight of the drum is .
iii) Capacity of the drum is .
(2m, 20kg, 200L)
d. i) The dropper is long

ii) It can hold of medicine
iii) It weighs
(10g, 10mL, 10cm)
e. i) The quantity of juice in the jar is .

ii) The jar is tall.
iii) Weight of the orange is
(25cm, 2L, 50g)
192
2. Fill in the blanks:
a. 5m = cm
b. 2kg 500g = g
c. 8954mL = L mL
d. 3/4 L= mL
e. 209cm = m cm
f. 7km 2m = m
g. 2090g = kg g
h. 1/4 km = m
i. 2649m = km m
j. 1/2 L= mL
3. a. Raja asked his son Ravi to buy 1kg of sugar. Ravi went to a shop. He searched for
1Kg packet of sugar. But there were only 1/2 kg sugar packets arranged in the
shelf. How many 1/2 kg packets has he to buy?
b. The doctor advised Radha to take at least 3L water every day. She takes 2L 500mL
of water during the day. How much water should she take at night?
c. A pathway is of length 15m. Guhan was given a rod of 3m length and Lavan was
given a rod of 5m to measure the pathway.
a. How many times Guhan has to use the 3m rod to measure the pathway?
b. How many times Lavan has to use the 5m rod to measure the pathway?
193
Handling
Data
Learning OUTCOMES
• Tabulate data
• Interpret data represented in a pictograph.
• Represent data using a pictograph
Warm up
Mr. Suresh is a book seller.
The following data represents the number of books sold on weekdays
in his shop.
Monday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
194
represents 1 book.
1) How many books were sold on Tuesday?

2) On which day, more number of books were sold?
3) How many more books were sold on Friday than Thursday?
4) The sale was equal on ______and _____
Concepts section
Pictograph
A collection of information is called data. Data can be collected by different methods.
Representing the data through pictures is called pictograph. We use pictures or
symbols to represent the large data.
The teacher was explaining about vitamins and minerals in fruits to class 3 students.
Teacher: Students, have you seen fruits in different colours in a fruit shop?
Students: Yes ma’am.
Teacher: Tell me a fruit that you like.
Teacher tabulates the data.
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Orange
Banana
Mango
Guava
Strawberry
Key: 1 fruit represents 3 students.

Observe the table and answer the following:
1) How many students like banana?

There are 4 fruits. So, 4X3 = 12 students
2) Which fruit is the least favourite fruit of the students?

Strawberry
There are least number of fruits drawn for strawberry
3) Which fruit is liked by 24 students?

Mangoes
There are 8 mangoes drawn
4) How many more students like guava than orange?

Guava 5x3 = 15 students and Orange 3x3=9 students.
Therefore 15 – 9 = 6.
6 more students like guava than orange.
5) Find the total number of students in class 3.

Total number of students = 66
22 x 3 =66
Number of pictures Number represented by 1 picture
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Exercise 1
1. Read the pictograph and answer the following.
The data is about the number of runs scored by Indian
cricket players in a one day match.
represents 10 runs.
Dhoni
Virat Kohli
Rohit Sharma
Rishabhbant
K L Rahul
1) Who scored half a century?

__________ 1 Century =
100 runs
2) Who scored less than 30 runs?
__________
3) How many players have scored runs less than 50 and more than 20?
___________
4) How many more runs were scored by K L Rahul than Dhoni?

___________
5) Total runs scored in the match is ___________.
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2. The data is about the mobile phone brand used by the Students of class 3 for
online class.
Represents usage by 6 students.
i Phone
Oneplus
Samsung
Jio
Asus
1) How many students use Oneplus?

____________
2) Which brand is used by most of the students?

_____________
3) How many students use i Phone?

_____________
4) ___________ is used double in number compared to Jio
5) Total number of students using Asus and i Phone is ________
6) Total number of students in the class is ________
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Drawing Pictograph for the given data
Example 1
The school celebrated ‘Dhan Utsav’ in the month of October. Students of class 3
donated Stationery items.
The list shows the number of items donated in each Category.
Class Pencil Pen Eraser Notebook scale

III 56 35 21 14 42
Let us represent the information through pictograph.

Since all the numbers are multiples of 7, the key is
1 picture = 7 items
Pencil 56
7x8
Pen 35
7x5
Eraser 21
7x3
notebook 14
7x2
Scale 42
7x6
Total number of items donated = 24x7=168
199
Example 2
The data shows the favourite colours of the students of class 3.
Red Green Yellow Blue Pink

15 10 5 25 30
We represent the data with the help of a pictograph.
Represents 5 students (Find out why?)
Colours Number Pictograph
Red 15
5x3
Green 10
5x2
Yellow 5
5x1
Blue 25
5x5
Pink 30
5x6
Total number of students = 17 x 5 = 85

Number of Number represented
pictures by 1 picture
200
Exercise 2
1) Draw a pictograph for the given data. The data shows
the number of story books of different regional
languages in a library.
Key: Represents 4 books.
Languages Tamil Hindi Marathi Gujarati Bengali

Number 32 16 8 20 4
Languages Number Pictograph

Tamil
Hindi
Marathi
Gujarati
Bengali
2) The table shows the number of animals seen by Sahana when she visited a zoo.
Represent the data using a pictograph.
Key: Represents 8 animals
Name of the animal Lion Tiger Giraffe Hippo

Number 8 40 32 16
201
Practise Exercises
1) Read the pictograph and answer the following. Marks scored by Ajay in a Periodic
test conducted for 50marks.
Key: represents 5 marks
Tamil
English
Maths
EVS
1) In which subject did he score the least marks?
2) How many more marks did he score in Maths than in Tamil?
3) In which subject has he scored 25 marks?
4) In how many subjects has he scored less than 30 marks?
2) The pictograph shows the number of 4 wheelers passing a

traffic signal from 9:00 am to 10:00 am.
Bus
Car
Van
Truck
202
Observe the pictograph and answer the following.
1) If the number of vans are 20, represents ___ vehicles.
2) Name the 4 wheeler that passed by the signal, the least?
3) How many cars passed by the signal?
4) The number of cars exceeds the number of buses by ______
5) Total number of vehicles that passed the signal is ______.
II) Draw a pictograph for the given data
a) The table shows the number of Umbrellas sold in a shop.
Key: = __ umbrellas
Month August September October November December

Number 18 27 45 54 9
Value based Question

b) Akshay loves to feed animals. The data shows the number of
animals fed by him in a month.
Key: = __ animals
Month Pigeons Cats Dogs Cows Crows

Number of animals 30 10 25 15 20
Do you feed animals? We must take care of animals.
203
 Experiential learning
The teacher asks the students to find the following in their classroom.
• Number of fans
• Number of desks
• Number of tube lights
• Number of windows
Then she asks them to represent the data with the help of a pictograph.
Decide the key on your own.

c) Primary students of a school were taken for a field trip.
The table shows the number of students in a class and the number of students
who attended the trip.
Class I II III IV V
Strength 40 36 50 44 64
Attended 34 30 48 36 52
Draw a pictograph for absentees.

[Decide the key on your own.]
204

Ganitam Class 3

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‘Ganitam’

The World of Mathematics

The World of Mathematics

Chennai | May 2022

Smt. S. Charumathy B.Sc., B.Ed.,

Headmistress, D A V Girls Sr. Sec. School, Gopalapuram, Chennai-86.

Smt. Mercy Jecyntha. J M.Sc., B.Ed.,

Smt. Padma.S M.Sc., M.Ed.,

Kum. Sumathi.S B.Sc. M.A., B.Ed.,

Smt. Sumathi.T M.Sc. B.Ed.,

Editing and Technical Support

Smt. Dhatri.Y B.E., NTT

Ms. Hamsavani Raman

Mrs. Nandhini Srivatsan

Smt. Vinodhini. J B.Sc (Visual Communication)

Compuprint, Premier Design and Print House. Chennai-86

CULTURE VALUES ETHICS

Chapter 8 – FRACTIONS 123-141

Chapter 9 – MONEY 142-160

Chapter 10 – TIME 161-180

Chapter 11– MEASUREMENT 181-193

You are right Maya! When

Nana… Can you please Nana : Let me use

a] 7 hundreds + 2 tens + 5 ones = _____________________

c] 3 hundreds + 6 tens = _____________________

FORMING 4 DIGIT NUMBERS

2 thousands + 4 hundreds + 6 tens + 8 ones = 2,468

Three four fifteen

Seven two sixty eight

Thousands Hundreds Tens Ones

2. Write the numerals

THE GREATEST 4 DIGIT NUMBER 9 9 9 9

One thousand one Nine hundred twenty four

Four thousand ten 700 + 8

6. Higher Order Thinking Skills

• The actual value of a digit in a number is called its face value.

• The face value of a digit remains the same as the number.

• The position of a digit in a number is called its place.

The predecessor of the successor of any number is the same number !

3] Complete the series

Higher Order Thinking Skills:

Shimla is 2276 m above the sea level

2240 < 2276

A three digit number is always less than a

• Now let us see how 2 four digit numbers are compared.

a] 2098 ; 2980 ; 2089 ; 2890

b] 4567 ; 5291 ; 125 ; 8129

c] 324 ; 2345 ; 3425 ; 2543

2. Circle the largest number

a] 512 4512 b] 4898 4897

c] 8080 8808 d] 5656 6565

e] 7170 2102 f] 6982 982

ASCENDING ORDER AND DESCENDING ORDER

2. Rewrite the numbers in descending order

FORMING FOUR DIGIT NUMBERS

From the given digits

The smallest four digit number formed is 1,049

If the ones place is 0, 2, 4, 6 or 8 then the number is an Even number.

If the ones place is 1, 3, 5, 7 or 9 then the number is an Odd number.

• The year I was born is ______.

• We study in Class ___.

• My roll number is _____.

• Nethaji Subhas Chandra Bose was born in the year _____.

EASY WAY TO REMEMBER !

a) 20 tens = hundreds. b) 30 hundreds = thousands.