AVIARY AND BARN SYSTEMS

North America Edition

2016
Management Guide

W 80
USE OF THE MANAGEMENT GUIDE
The genetic potential of Hy-Line W-80 in alternative systems of housing can only be realized if both good poultry
husbandry practices and appropriate management practices are used. This management guide outlines successful flock
management programs for Hy-Line Variety W-80 based on field experience compiled by Hy-Line International and using
an extensive commercial flock database of Hy-Line flocks from all parts of the world. Hy-Line International Management
Guides are periodically updated as new performance data and/or nutrition information become available.

The information and suggestions contained in this management guide should be used for guidance and educational
purposes only, recognizing that local environmental and disease conditions may vary and a guide cannot cover all possible
circumstances. While every attempt has been made to ensure that the information presented is accurate and reliable at
the time of publication, Hy-Line International cannot accept responsibility for any errors, omissions or inaccuracies in such
information or management suggestions. Further, Hy-Line International does not warrant or make any representations or
guarantees regarding the use, validity, accuracy, or reliability of, or flock performance or productivity resulting from the
use of, or otherwise respecting, such information or management suggestions. In no event shall Hy-Line International be
liable for any special, indirect or consequential damages or special damages whatsoever arising out of or in connection
with the use of the information or management suggestions contained in this management guide.

Visit www.hylinena.com for an interactive online management guide.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Feed Consumption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

Summary of Performance Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Production Period Nutritional Recommendations . . . . . . . 21

Performance Tables. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3–4 Dietary Nutrient Concentrations for Production Period. . . 22

Chick Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Vitamins and Trace Minerals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

Infrared Beak Treatment (IRBT). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Feed Particle Size (Grist). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

Precision Beak Trimming. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Calcium Particle Size. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

Brooding Recommendations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6–7 Preventing Floor Eggs in Aviary / Barn Systems. . . . . . . . . 25

Intermittent Lighting Program for Chicks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Management of Aviary Flocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

Growth and Development. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8–9 Litter Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

Rearing Body Weights. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Grit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

Uniformity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10–11 Feather Pecking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

Rearing Period Nutritional Recommendations. . . . . . . . . . 12 Piling and Smothering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

Good Lighting Practices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Disease Control. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

Light Program for Light-Controlled Housing. . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Internal Parasites. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30–31

Customized Lighting Programs for External Parasites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32–33

Open-Sided Housing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Vaccination Recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34–36
Drinking Systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Flock Monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Air Quality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Egg Quality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Water Quality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Egg Size Distribution. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38–39
Perches. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Growth Curve. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Transition Period from Rear to Peak
Performance Graph. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Egg Production . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18–19
Feed Ingredient Tables. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42–43
Transfer to the Laying House. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
 HY-LINE W-80: AVIARY AND BARN SYSTEMS—NORTH AMERICA EDITION
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INTRODUCTION
Management systems which are alternatives to conventional (intensive) layer cages have been developed to satisfy the
increasing consumer demand for eggs produced in systems that provide a more enriched bird environment, where natural
bird behaviors can be expressed. These production systems require different management to optimize production and bird
welfare. Generally, alternative production systems fall into three broad categories: barn systems, aviary systems, and free
range systems (which are not covered in this Management Guide).

Barn Systems—Floor systems with a litter area which covers part or all of the house. Birds are allowed to freely move
within the house. An elevated slat area with nests, feeders, perches and waterers is provided. Automatic colony nest boxes
are utilized for egg collection.

Aviary Systems—Multi-tier structures over a litter floor where nests, feeders, waterers, perches and welfare enrichments
are provided. Aviary systems are typically designed to have feeders on some levels, and nests and waterers on other
levels. Manure belt disposal systems are provided on elevated levels of the system. The ground floor level is often
designed to allow confined brooding of chicks. The litter floor area should be greater than 30% of the usable space in the
aviary, including slat floors but excluding the nests and perches. The top level is typically for birds to rest/sleep. Aviaries
increase the living space within a house, allowing the placement of more birds.

Aviary systems utilize the vertical space within a house to

allow better use of the facility and to provide environmental
enrichments to increase bird welfare. Barn systems allow birds free movement. Floors can be
slatted, littered or a combination of both.

Aviary systems typically have littered scratch areas

between rows of multi-level living areas with feeders,
waterers, perches and nests. Barn systems can be a 2/3 slats and 1/3 litter combination.

DECEMBER 2016 • © HY-LINE INTERNATIONAL 1

HY-LINE W-80: AVIARY AND BARN SYSTEMS—NORTH AMERICA EDITION
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Summary of Performance Standards
REARING PERIOD (TO 17 WEEKS):
Livability 97%

Feed Consumed 11.29–12.48 lb

Body Weight at 17 Weeks 2.58–2.76 lb

LAYING PERIOD (TO 90 WEEKS):

Percent Peak 95–97%

Hen-Day Eggs to 60 Weeks 258.4–264.9

Hen-Day Eggs to 90 Weeks 424.2–439.3
Hen-Housed Eggs to 60 Weeks 252.1–258.5
Hen-Housed Eggs to 90 Weeks 409.8–424.3
Livability to 60 Weeks 96.5%
Livability to 90 Weeks 94%

Days to 50% Production (from hatch) 141 days

Average Egg Weight at 26 Weeks 44.5 lb / case (56.0 g / egg)

Average Egg Weight at 32 Weeks 46.8 lb / case (59.0 g / egg)
Average Egg Weight at 70 Weeks 50.8 lb / case (64.0 g / egg)

Total Egg Mass per Hen-Housed (18–90 weeks) 55.63–57.60 lb (25.2–26.1 kg)
Body Weight at 26 Weeks 3.35–3.55 lb (1.52–1.61 kg)
Body Weight at 32 Weeks 3.51–3.77 lb (1.59–1.71 kg)
Body Weight at 70 Weeks 3.57–3.84 lb (1.62–1.74 kg)
Body Weight at 90 Weeks 3.62–3.84 lb (1.64–1.74 kg)
Freedom From Egg Inclusions Excellent

Shell Strength Excellent

Haugh Units at 38 Weeks 88.1
Haugh Units at 56 Weeks 85.6
Haugh Units at 70 Weeks 83.7
Haugh Units at 80 Weeks 82.3
21.8–24.4 lb / day per 100 birds
Average Daily Feed Consumption (18–90 weeks)
(99–111 g / day per bird)
Feed Conversion Rate, lb Feed/lb Eggs (20–60 weeks) 1.87–2.05
Feed Conversion Rate, lb Feed/lb Eggs (20–90 weeks) 1.96–2.12
Feed Utilization, lb Egg/lb Feed (20–60 weeks) 0.49–0.53
Feed Utilization, lb Egg/lb Feed (20–90 weeks) 0.47–0.51
Feed Consumption per Dozen Eggs (20–60 weeks) 2.54–2.73 lb (1.15–1.24 kg)
Feed Consumption per Dozen Eggs (20–90 weeks) 3.06–3.28 lb (1.39–1.49 kg)

Condition of Droppings Dry

Performance Summary data is based on results obtained from customers around the world.
Please send your results to [email protected]. An easy to use record-keeping program,
Hy-Line International EggCel, can be found at www.hylineeggcel.com.

2 DECEMBER 2016 • © HY-LINE INTERNATIONAL

 HY-LINE W-80: AVIARY AND BARN SYSTEMS—NORTH AMERICA EDITION
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Performance Tables
Rearing Period
MORTALITY FEED INTAKE WATER
AGE BODY BODY UNIFORMITY
Cumulative (lb / day per CONS.
(weeks) (%) WEIGHT (kg) WEIGHT (lb) (Cage)
100 birds) (gal/day/100 birds)
1 1.0 0.07 – 0.08 0.15 – 0.18 2.65 – 3.09 0.48 – 0.74
2 Body weight and 1.3 0.12 – 0.13 0.26 – 0.29 3.31 – 4.19 0.61 – 1.00 >85%
3 feed intake ranges 1.5 0.18 – 0.19 0.40 – 0.42 4.63 – 5.51 0.85 – 1.32
4 are based on a 1.6 0.25 – 0.26 0.55 – 0.57 5.95 – 6.83 1.08 – 1.64
global database.
5 1.7 0.32 – 0.35 0.71 – 0.77 6.83 – 7.72 1.24 – 1.85
Local conditions
6 1.8 0.41 – 0.44 0.90 – 0.97 7.72 – 8.60 1.40 – 2.06
will determine your
7 flock results. Consult 1.9 0.51 – 0.55 1.12 – 1.21 8.60 – 9.48 1.56 – 2.27
8 your local Hy-Line 2.0 0.60 – 0.65 1.32 – 1.43 9.26 – 10.14 1.66 – 2.43 >80%
9 distributor for further 2.1 0.70 – 0.74 1.54 – 1.63 9.70 – 11.02 1.74 – 2.64
10 information and for 2.2 0.78 – 0.84 1.72 – 1.85 10.58 – 11.68 1.88 – 2.77
11 results to expect in 2.3 0.86 – 0.91 1.90 – 2.01 11.24 – 12.35 2.01 – 2.93
12 your area. 2.4 0.92 – 0.99 2.03 – 2.18 11.90 – 13.01 2.11 – 3.09
13 2.5 0.98 – 1.05 2.16 – 2.31 12.57 – 13.67 2.25 – 3.25
14 2.6 1.03 – 1.11 2.27 – 2.45 13.23 – 14.33 2.35 – 3.41
>85%
15 2.7 1.08 – 1.16 2.38 – 2.56 13.89 – 14.99 2.48 – 3.57
16 2.8 1.13 – 1.21 2.49 – 2.67 14.77 – 15.87 2.64 – 3.78
17 3.0 1.17 – 1.25 2.58 – 2.76 15.43 – 16.53 2.75 – 3.94 >90%
Laying Period
HEN- MORT- WATER AVG.
% HEN- HEN-DAY HOUSED ALITY BODY BODY CONSUMP- HEN-HOUSED EGG
AGE DAY EGGS EGGS Cum. WEIGHT WEIGHT FEED INTAKE TION1 EGG MASS WEIGHT2
(weeks) Current Cumulative Cumulative (%) (kg) (lb) (lb / day / 100) (gal / day / 100 ) Cumulative (lb) (lb / case)
18 – – – 0.10 1.25 – 1.27 2.76 – 2.80 16.31 – 17.86 2.93 – 4.28 – –
19 9 – 12 0.6 – 0.8 0.6 – 0.8 0.30 1.31 – 1.33 2.89 – 2.93 17.42 – 18.96 3.14 – 4.54 0.06 – 0.08 33.33
20 34 – 37 3.0 – 3.4 3.0 – 3.4 0.50 1.37 – 1.39 3.02 – 3.06 18.08 – 19.62 3.25 – 4.70 0.28 – 0.32 34.13
21 54 – 57 6.8 – 7.4 6.7 – 7.4 0.70 1.39 – 1.44 3.06 – 3.17 19.18 – 20.72 3.46 – 4.97 0.66 – 0.71 35.71
22 78 – 81 12.3 – 13.1 12.2 – 13.0 0.90 1.43 – 1.46 3.15 – 3.22 19.62 – 21.16 3.54 – 5.07 1.22 – 1.30 37.30
23 86 – 89 18.3 – 19.3 18.1 – 19.2 1.00 1.46 – 1.50 3.22 – 3.31 20.06 – 21.83 3.62 – 5.23 1.87 – 1.98 39.68
24 90 – 92 24.6 – 25.8 24.3 – 25.5 1.20 1.48 – 1.54 3.26 – 3.40 20.28 – 22.49 3.65 – 5.39 2.59 – 2.71 41.27
25 92 – 94 31.0 – 32.3 30.7 – 32.0 1.40 1.50 – 1.58 3.31 – 3.48 20.72 – 22.71 3.72 – 5.44 3.34 – 3.48 42.86
26 93 – 95 37.5 – 39.0 37.1 – 38.6 1.50 1.52 – 1.61 3.35 – 3.55 20.94 – 23.15 3.78 – 5.55 4.13 – 4.29 44.45
27 94 – 96 44.1 – 45.7 43.6 – 45.2 1.60 1.54 – 1.62 3.40 – 3.57 21.16 – 23.37 3.80 – 5.60 4.95 – 5.12 45.24
28 94 – 96 50.7 – 52.5 50.0 – 51.9 1.70 1.55 – 1.66 3.42 – 3.66 21.38 – 23.59 3.86 – 5.65 5.77 – 5.97 46.03
29 94 – 96 57.3 – 59.2 56.5 – 58.5 1.80 1.56 – 1.67 3.44 – 3.68 21.61 – 23.81 3.88 – 5.71 6.60 – 6.82 46.03
30 94 – 96 63.8 – 65.9 63.0 – 65.0 1.90 1.57 – 1.69 3.46 – 3.73 21.83 – 23.81 3.94 – 5.71 7.44 – 7.67 46.83
31 94 – 96 70.4 – 72.7 69.4 – 71.6 1.95 1.58 – 1.70 3.48 – 3.75 22.05 – 24.03 3.96 – 5.76 8.28 – 8.53 46.83
32 95 – 97 77.1 – 79.5 75.9 – 78.3 2.00 1.59 – 1.71 3.51 – 3.77 22.27 – 24.03 4.02 – 5.76 9.13 – 9.40 46.83
33 95 – 97 83.7 – 86.2 82.4 – 84.9 2.15 1.59 – 1.71 3.51 – 3.77 22.27 – 24.25 4.02 – 5.81 9.99 – 10.27 47.62
34 95 – 97 90.4 – 93.0 88.9 – 91.6 2.20 1.59 – 1.71 3.51 – 3.77 22.49 – 24.25 4.04 – 5.81 10.85 – 11.15 47.62
35 94 – 96 97.0 – 99.8 95.4 – 98.1 2.25 1.59 – 1.71 3.51 – 3.77 22.71 – 24.25 4.09 – 5.81 11.71 – 12.04 48.41
36 94 – 96 103.5 – 106.5 101.8 – 104.7 2.30 1.59 – 1.71 3.51 – 3.77 22.71 – 24.25 4.09 – 5.81 12.58 – 12.92 48.41
37 94 – 96 110.1 – 113.2 108.2 – 111.3 2.35 1.59 – 1.71 3.51 – 3.77 22.71 – 24.25 4.09 – 5.81 13.44 – 13.80 48.41
38 94 – 96 116.7 – 119.9 114.7 – 117.8 2.40 1.59 – 1.71 3.51 – 3.77 22.71 – 24.25 4.09 – 5.81 14.31 – 14.68 48.41
39 94 – 96 123.3 – 126.6 121.1 – 124.4 2.45 1.59 – 1.71 3.51 – 3.77 22.71 – 24.25 4.09 – 5.81 15.17 – 15.57 48.41
40 94 – 96 129.9 – 133.4 127.5 – 130.9 2.50 1.59 – 1.71 3.51 – 3.77 22.71 – 24.25 4.09 – 5.81 16.05 – 16.46 49.21
41 94 – 96 136.4 – 140.1 133.9 – 137.5 2.55 1.59 – 1.71 3.51 – 3.77 22.71 – 24.25 4.09 – 5.81 16.92 – 17.36 49.21
42 94 – 96 143.0 – 146.8 140.3 – 144.0 2.60 1.59 – 1.71 3.51 – 3.77 22.71 – 24.25 4.09 – 5.81 17.80 – 18.25 49.21
43 94 – 96 149.6 – 153.5 146.7 – 150.6 2.65 1.60 – 1.71 3.53 – 3.77 22.71 – 24.25 4.09 – 5.81 18.67 – 19.14 49.21
1
The chart shows an expected range of waterand feed consumption at normal environmental temperatures of 70–81°F. As the environmental temperature increases above this range, water
consumption may increase up to double the amounts shown.
2
Compared to intensive systems, the feed intake in barn and aviary flocks is generally higher to cover the increased energy demand of more active birds and temperature fluctuations. See table on
p. 20 for the approximate relationship between feed intake and environmental temperature.
3
Egg weights after 40 weeks of age assume phase feeding of protein to limit egg size.

DECEMBER 2016 • © HY-LINE INTERNATIONAL 3

 HY-LINE W-80: AVIARY AND BARN SYSTEMS—NORTH AMERICA EDITION
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Performance Tables (continued)
HEN- MORT- WATER AVG.
% HEN- HEN-DAY HOUSED ALITY BODY BODY CONSUMP- HEN-HOUSED EGG
AGE DAY EGGS EGGS Cum. WEIGHT WEIGHT FEED INTAKE TION1 EGG MASS WEIGHT2
(weeks) Current Cumulative Cumulative (%) (kg) (lb) (lb / day / 100) (gal / day / 100 ) Cumulative (lb) (lb / case)
44 94 – 96 156.2 – 160.2 153.1 – 157.1 2.70 1.60 – 1.71 3.53 – 3.77 22.71 – 24.25 4.09 – 5.81 19.55 – 20.04 49.21
45 94 – 96 162.8 – 167.0 159.5 – 163.6 2.75 1.60 – 1.71 3.53 – 3.77 22.71 – 24.25 4.09 – 5.81 20.42 – 20.93 49.21
46 93 – 95 169.3 – 173.6 165.8 – 170.1 2.80 1.60 – 1.72 3.53 – 3.79 22.71 – 24.25 4.09 – 5.81 21.29 – 21.82 49.21
47 93 – 95 175.8 – 180.3 172.2 – 176.6 2.85 1.60 – 1.72 3.53 – 3.79 22.71 – 24.25 4.09 – 5.81 22.15 – 22.70 49.21
48 93 – 95 182.3 – 186.9 178.5 – 183.0 2.90 1.60 – 1.72 3.53 – 3.79 22.71 – 24.25 4.09 – 5.81 23.02 – 23.58 49.21
49 93 – 95 188.8 – 193.6 184.8 – 189.5 2.95 1.60 – 1.72 3.53 – 3.79 22.71 – 24.25 4.09 – 5.81 23.88 – 24.46 49.21
50 93 – 95 195.3 – 200.2 191.1 – 195.9 3.00 1.60 – 1.72 3.53 – 3.79 22.71 – 24.25 4.09 – 5.81 24.74 – 25.35 49.21
51 93 – 95 201.8 – 206.9 197.4 – 202.4 3.05 1.60 – 1.72 3.53 – 3.79 22.93 – 24.47 4.12 – 5.86 25.61 – 26.23 49.21
52 92 – 94 208.3 – 213.4 203.7 – 208.8 3.10 1.60 – 1.72 3.53 – 3.79 22.93 – 24.47 4.12 – 5.86 26.47 – 27.11 50.00
53 92 – 94 214.7 – 220.0 209.9 – 215.1 3.15 1.61 – 1.72 3.55 – 3.79 22.93 – 24.47 4.12 – 5.86 27.34 – 28.00 50.00
54 91 – 94 221.1 – 226.6 216.1 – 221.5 3.20 1.61 – 1.72 3.55 – 3.79 22.93 – 24.47 4.12 – 5.86 28.20 – 28.88 50.00
55 90 – 93 227.4 – 233.1 222.2 – 227.8 3.25 1.61 – 1.72 3.55 – 3.79 22.93 – 24.47 4.12 – 5.86 29.04 – 29.76 50.00
56 90 – 92 233.7 – 239.5 228.3 – 234.0 3.30 1.61 – 1.72 3.55 – 3.79 22.93 – 24.47 4.12 – 5.86 29.89 – 30.62 50.00
57 89 – 91 239.9 – 245.9 234.3 – 240.2 3.35 1.61 – 1.72 3.55 – 3.79 22.93 – 24.47 4.12 – 5.86 30.72 – 31.48 50.00
58 89 – 91 246.1 – 252.3 240.3 – 246.3 3.40 1.61 – 1.72 3.55 – 3.79 22.93 – 24.47 4.12 – 5.86 31.56 – 32.33 50.00
59 88 – 90 252.3 – 258.6 246.3 – 252.4 3.45 1.61 – 1.72 3.55 – 3.79 22.93 – 24.47 4.12 – 5.86 32.39 – 33.18 50.00
60 87 – 90 258.4 – 264.9 252.1 – 258.5 3.50 1.61 – 1.73 3.55 – 3.81 22.93 – 24.47 4.12 – 5.86 33.20 – 34.02 50.00
61 87 – 90 264.5 – 271.2 258.0 – 264.6 3.60 1.61 – 1.73 3.55 – 3.81 22.93 – 24.47 4.12 – 5.86 34.02 – 34.86 50.00
62 86 – 90 270.5 – 277.5 263.8 – 270.6 3.70 1.61 – 1.73 3.55 – 3.81 22.93 – 24.47 4.12 – 5.86 34.84 – 35.72 50.79
63 85 – 90 276.4 – 283.8 269.5 – 276.7 3.80 1.62 – 1.73 3.57 – 3.81 22.93 – 24.47 4.12 – 5.86 35.64 – 36.57 50.79
64 85 – 89 282.4 – 290.0 275.2 – 282.7 3.90 1.62 – 1.73 3.57 – 3.81 22.93 – 24.47 4.12 – 5.86 36.45 – 37.42 50.79
65 85 – 89 288.3 – 296.2 281.0 – 288.7 4.00 1.62 – 1.73 3.57 – 3.81 23.15 – 24.69 4.17 – 5.92 37.26 – 38.26 50.79
66 84 – 88 294.2 – 302.4 286.6 – 294.6 4.10 1.62 – 1.73 3.57 – 3.81 23.15 – 24.69 4.17 – 5.92 38.05 – 39.10 50.79
67 83 – 87 300.0 – 308.5 292.2 – 300.4 4.20 1.62 – 1.73 3.57 – 3.81 23.15 – 24.69 4.17 – 5.92 38.84 – 39.92 50.79
68 83 – 87 305.8 – 314.6 297.7 – 306.2 4.30 1.62 – 1.73 3.57 – 3.81 23.15 – 24.69 4.17 – 5.92 39.62 – 40.74 50.79
69 82 – 86 311.6 – 320.6 303.2 – 312.0 4.40 1.62 – 1.73 3.57 – 3.81 23.15 – 24.69 4.17 – 5.92 40.40 – 41.55 50.79
70 82 – 86 317.3 – 326.6 308.7 – 317.7 4.50 1.62 – 1.74 3.57 – 3.84 22.93 – 24.47 4.12 – 5.86 41.17 – 42.37 50.79
71 82 – 86 323.1 – 332.6 314.2 – 323.5 4.60 1.62 – 1.74 3.57 – 3.84 22.93 – 24.47 4.12 – 5.86 41.94 – 43.18 50.79
72 81 – 85 328.7 – 338.6 319.6 – 329.1 4.70 1.62 – 1.74 3.57 – 3.84 22.93 – 24.47 4.12 – 5.86 42.70 – 43.98 50.79
73 81 – 85 334.4 – 344.5 325.0 – 334.8 4.80 1.63 – 1.74 3.59 – 3.84 22.93 – 24.47 4.12 – 5.86 43.47 – 44.78 50.79
74 80 – 84 340.0 – 350.4 330.3 – 340.4 4.90 1.63 – 1.74 3.59 – 3.84 22.93 – 24.47 4.12 – 5.86 44.23 – 45.58 51.59
75 80 – 84 345.6 – 356.3 335.6 – 346.0 5.00 1.63 – 1.74 3.59 – 3.84 22.71 – 24.25 4.09 – 5.81 44.99 – 46.38 51.59
76 79 – 83 351.1 – 362.1 340.9 – 351.5 5.10 1.63 – 1.74 3.59 – 3.84 22.71 – 24.25 4.09 – 5.81 45.74 – 47.17 51.59
77 78 – 83 356.6 – 367.9 346.0 – 357.0 5.20 1.63 – 1.74 3.59 – 3.84 22.71 – 24.25 4.09 – 5.81 46.49 – 47.96 51.59
78 78 – 82 362.0 – 373.7 351.2 – 362.4 5.30 1.63 – 1.74 3.59 – 3.84 22.71 – 24.25 4.09 – 5.81 47.23 – 48.74 51.59
79 78 – 82 367.5 – 379.4 356.4 – 367.9 5.40 1.63 – 1.74 3.59 – 3.84 22.71 – 24.25 4.09 – 5.81 47.97 – 49.51 51.59
80 77 – 81 372.9 – 385.1 361.5 – 373.2 5.50 1.63 – 1.74 3.59 – 3.84 22.71 – 24.25 4.09 – 5.81 48.70 – 50.28 51.59
81 77 – 81 378.3 – 390.7 366.6 – 378.6 5.55 1.63 – 1.74 3.59 – 3.84 22.71 – 24.25 4.09 – 5.81 49.43 – 51.05 51.59
82 76 – 80 383.6 – 396.3 371.6 – 383.9 5.60 1.63 – 1.74 3.59 – 3.84 22.71 – 24.25 4.09 – 5.81 50.15 – 51.81 51.59
83 76 – 80 388.9 – 401.9 376.6 – 389.2 5.65 1.64 – 1.74 3.62 – 3.84 22.71 – 24.25 4.09 – 5.81 50.87 – 52.56 51.59
84 75 – 79 394.2 – 407.5 381.5 – 394.4 5.70 1.64 – 1.74 3.62 – 3.84 22.71 – 24.25 4.09 – 5.81 51.57 – 53.31 51.59
85 74 – 78 399.4 – 412.9 386.4 – 399.5 5.75 1.64 – 1.74 3.62 – 3.84 22.71 – 24.25 4.09 – 5.81 52.27 – 54.05 51.59
86 73 – 77 404.5 – 418.3 391.2 – 404.6 5.80 1.64 – 1.74 3.62 – 3.84 22.71 – 24.25 4.09 – 5.81 52.96 – 54.78 51.59
87 72 – 76 409.5 – 423.6 396.0 – 409.6 5.85 1.64 – 1.74 3.62 – 3.84 22.71 – 24.25 4.09 – 5.81 53.64 – 55.49 51.59
88 71 – 75 414.5 – 428.9 400.7 – 414.5 5.90 1.64 – 1.74 3.62 – 3.84 22.71 – 24.25 4.09 – 5.81 54.31 – 56.20 51.59
89 70 – 74 419.4 – 434.1 405.3 – 419.4 5.95 1.64 – 1.74 3.62 – 3.84 22.71 – 24.25 4.09 – 5.81 54.97 – 56.90 51.59
90 69 – 74 424.2 – 439.3 409.8 – 424.3 6.00 1.64 – 1.74 3.62 – 3.84 22.71 – 24.25 4.09 – 5.81 55.63 – 57.60 51.59
1
The chart shows an expected range of water and feed consumption at normal environmental temperatures of 70–81°F. As the environmental temperature increases above this range, water
consumption may increase up to double the amounts shown.
2
Compared to intensive systems, the feed intake in barn and aviary flocks is generally higher to cover the increased energy demand of more active birds and temperature fluctuations. See table on
p. 20 for the approximate relationship between feed intake and environmental temperature.
3
Egg weights after 40 weeks of age assume phase feeding of protein to limit egg size.

4 DECEMBER 2016 • © HY-LINE INTERNATIONAL

 HY-LINE W-80: AVIARY AND BARN SYSTEMS—NORTH AMERICA EDITION
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Chick Management
Hy-Line W-80 chicks adapt well to both floor and aviary system brooding environments. Hatchery services/treatments are
performed as requested by the customer. For more information on house preparation and brooding management, see the
“Growing Management of Commercial Pullets” technical update at www.hyline.com.

General Recommendations

HOUSE PREPARATIONS ON THE DAY OF DELIVERY

• Clean and disinfect brooding areas, building interior, • Check that house temperatures are appropriate for
attached service areas and equipment. brooding chicks.
• Check to make sure equipment is working properly and is • As chicks are placed, trigger water cups or nipples to
adjusted to the correct height. encourage drinking.
• Remove all old feed from bins, hoppers and troughs. • When using nipple drinkers, adjust the water pressure to
• Clean and disinfect feeding system, allowing it to dry ensure there is a droplet of water visible on the nipple.
before new feed is delivered. • Place supplementary feed onto papers or trays.
• Place rodent bait where it will not be consumed by chicks. • Adjust feeders to their highest feed level, allowing easy
access for the chicks.
ONE DAY BEFORE DELIVERY • Lights should be adjusted to provide a minimum light
intensity of 3 footcandles for the first week.
• Set the brooder thermostat to 95–97°F at chick level.
• Brood chicks in groups of similiar aged breeder flocks.
• Check water system and adjust to the correct height for
chicks. Sanitize and flush water lines.

Infrared Beak Treatment (IRBT)

(Check local regulations concerning use of beak treatment)
• Infrared beak treatment has been
proven a successful, non-invasive
method of controlling the growth
of the beak in egg type chickens.
• One properly applied IRBT should
be sufficient.
• Hatchery beak treatment reduces
feed wastage and leaves the beak
less damaging to other birds. Infrared beak treatment can Immediately following 7 days after infrared beak
be modified according to infrared beak treatment on treatment
• Hatchery beak treatment is local conditions. day of hatch
efficient and uniform.
• Beak remains intact until 10–21 days of age, when the Cauterizing blade
(1200ºF, cherry red color)
treated beak tip will soften and slough off gradually.
• Infrared treatment is adjustable to manage differences in Guide holes
breeder flock age, chick size and variety of birds. correspond to
• For more information, see the “Infrared Beak Treatment” different size
technical update at www.hyline.com. and age of
chicks

Precision Beak Trimming • 3.56 mm

• 4.00 mm
• Cauterize beak for 2 seconds at 1200°F. • 4.37 mm
– When cauterizing blade is not hot enough or cauterization Template with
time is < 2 seconds, beak will continue to grow unevenly. guide holes
– If cauterizing blade is too hot or cauterization time is > 2
seconds, sensitive neuromas may form. Precautions when performing beak treatment:
• Use a pyrometer to measure blade temperature, which • Water intake is the most important factor for success with
should be approximately 1200°F. IRBT chicks. Chicks require immediate and easy access to
• Cauterizing blade color may be used as an approximate
water.
indicator of temperature.
• Use only 360° activated nipples for IRBT chicks, as well as
1200°F supplemental chick drinkers.
< 1200°F > 1200°F
(650°C) • Nipple drinkers with splash cups provide additional
• Blade temperature variation of up to 100°F is common due to support for IRBT chicks.
external influences and cannot be detected by the human eye. • Keep feed at the highest level for several days after beak
• Use a template with guide plate holes for precision beak trim treatment.
of different size chicks. • Feed on paper for 0–7 days.
• Check that beaks have been properly and evenly trimmed.
• Provide extra light on nipple drinkers after beak treatment.

DECEMBER 2016 • © HY-LINE INTERNATIONAL 5

 60%
relative
humidity
HY-LINE W-80: AVIARY AND BARN SYSTEMS—NORTH AMERICA EDITION
<< Back to Table of Contents
Brooding
Chick
comfort
zone
Recommendations
Chick
comfort
zone
CORRECT HOT
BROODER Chicks evenly distributed in Chicks spread out, lethargic;
The brooding period (0–14 days) of the pullet’s life is critical. Good management during this period can assure that the
brooding area, active and appear sleeping
pullet gets off to a good start toward95°F reaching her genetic potential.
(edge of
sounding content
brooder)
1.6 ft
RING AND PARTIAL HOUSE 91°F BROODING SYSTEMS
3.3 ft
Water 86°F Brooder Rings
• Drinking water should be tested for quality and • Enlarge brooder rings at 3 days to increase group size.
cleanliness from source and end of the water line. • Continue enlarging brooder rings until rings are removed
• Flush water lines prior to6.6 ft arrival.
chick by 14 days.
• Do not give cold water to chicks. Be 86°Fcareful when flushing • Gradually remove supplemental drinkers and tray feeders
water lines forft chicks.
16.4 Allow
diameter water
(area = 211time
ft2) to warm up in the beginning at 3 days.
house so chicks are comfortable drinking.
• Flush water lines at night to limit chicks’ exposure to cold Aviary Systems
COLD UNEVEN VENTILATION
drinking water. Chicks
• gathered into
Chicks that aregroups Chicks
retained within thecongregated
aviary systemin during
one part
sounding distressed
brooding must have access to ofabrooding area, avoiding
littered area.
• Maintain water temperature of 68–77°F during brooding
drafts, noise or uneven light
period. • Introduce chicks to the entire aviary system as soon as
distribution
• Clean supplemental chick drinkers daily to avoid build-up possible. Chicks should have access to raised areas by 15
of organic matter that could encourage bacterial growth. days of age.
• Use a ratio of 80 chicks / circular drinker (10 in diameter).
• Chicks should not have to move more than 3 feet to find
water.
• Use vitamins and electrolytes in chicks’ drinking water Automatic
(avoid sugar-based products to prevent growth of feeders
microorganisms).

Paper
• Cover entire floor of brooder ring with paper. In partial
house brooding, feed off of paper placed close to the
permanent feeders.
• Place starter feed on paper for 0–3 days. For beak-treated
chicks, feed on paper for 0–7 days. BROODER
• Remove paper between 7–14 days to avoid the buildup of
manure.
• Litter should not be more than 2 in deep.

Lights
• Bright light (3–5 footcandles) during 0–7 days helps chicks
find feed and water and adapt to the house environment. Automatic
drinkers
Tray feeders
• Use a ratio of 80 chicks / tray feeder. Clean egg trays and
box tops can also be used. 16.4 ft diameter (area = 211 ft2)
• Use good quality crumble starter feed consisting of
uniform 1–2 mm particles.
Tray feeders Supplemental chick drinkers
Partial House (Floor) Brooding
• A section of the house is partitioned and used for
brooding.
• Twenty-four hours prior to chick delivery, set thermostats
placed at chick level at 95–97°F.
• Minimum house air temperature during floor breeding is
86°F.
• Eliminate all drafts from the house.
• Spread litter after concrete floors have warmed.
• Gradually remove supplemental drinkers and tray feeders
beginning at 3 days.

Use ramps to assist birds onto higher levels of the aviary.

Flocks that learn at an early age to use the entire system
perform best. Photo courtesy Big Dutchman.

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 HY-LINE W-80: AVIARY AND BARN SYSTEMS—NORTH AMERICA EDITION
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Brooding Recommendations (continued)

BROODING TEMPERATURE
AGE balance
• Find optimum 0–3 days
of temperature, humidity and
60%
ventilation rate for chick comfort.
relative
AIR TEMP.
• Adjust humidity
33–36°C
brooder temperatures 4–7 days
according to relative
(CAGE)
humidity. Lower temperatures should be used with
AIR
higherTEMP .
humidity. For every 5 percentage point increase
35–36°C 30–32°C 8–14 days
(FLOOR)
above 60% relative
Chick humidity, reduce brooding
Chick
comfort
temperature
LIGHT 2°F. comfort CORRECT HOT
zone 30–50 lux
BROODER 33–35°C
zone 28–30°C 15–21 days
• INTENSITY
Provide temperature zones within the brooding ring Chicks evenly distributed in Chicks spread out, lethargic;
accessible to the22 chicks. This brooding area, active and appear sleeping
hours orallows them to seek
(edge of their
LIGHT
comfort zone. Intermittent 35°C
30–50 lux brooder)31–33°C 26–28°C 22–28 days
sounding content
HOURS
• After the first week, Program
0.5 m
reduce temperature
33°Cweekly
21 hours or 4–6°F
until reaching 70°F. 25 lux 29–31°C 23–26°C 29–35 days
1mIntermittent
• Cloacal temperature of the chicksProgramshould
30°C be 104°F .
20 hours 25 lux 26–27°C 21–23°C 36–42 days
2m
19 hours 25 lux 23–25°C 21°C

Relative 60% 30°C

relative
5 m diameter (area = 19.6 m2)
18 hours
humidity 5–15 lux 21°C
humidity HATCHING COLD
Chicks gathered into groups
UNEVEN VENTILATION
17 hours
Chicks congregated in lux
5–15 one part
80%
sounding distressed of brooding area, avoiding
Chick Chick drafts, noise or uneven light
comfort comfort CORRECT 16 hours
HOT
distribution
zone BROODER zone Chicks evenly distributed in Chicks spread out, lethargic;
brooding area, active and appear sleeping
TRANSPORTATION 95°F (edge of
brooder)
CROP FILL –
sounding content
TO FARM
70%
1.6 ft
91°F
ARE THE CHICKS EATING?
3.3 ft
BROODING
Hours after Chicks
86°F Automatic
PERIOD chick
feeders with feed
(0–7 days) placement in crop
GROWING 6.6 ft60%
6 75%
40% 86°F
minimum
16.4 ft diameter (area = 211 ft2) 12 85% Chick with Chick without
INTERMITTENT LIGHTING starter feed starter feed
LAYING 24 COLD 100% UNEVEN VENTILATION
in crop in crop
PROGRAM FOR CHICKS
40%
Chicks gathered into groups BROODERChicks congregated in one part
minimum sounding
Brooding temperatures of brooding
distressedthat are too low or too higharea,
will avoiding
drafts,
decrease the percentage of chicks with crop noise
fill. or uneven light
2 hours distribution
4 hours 4 hours

2 hours 2 hours
Automatic
drinkers
4 hours 4 hours Automatic
feeders
2 hours 5 m diameter (area = 19.6 m2)

Tray feeders Supplemental chick drinkers

• Preferred lighting technique

• Use from 0–7 days (can be used up to 14 days)
• Intermittent dark periods provide rest periods for chicks BROODER
• Synchronizes chicks’ activities and feedings
• Establishes more natural pattern of rest and activity
• May improve 7 day livability and pullet body weight Rope lights can provide uniform lighting to brooding
• May improve antibody response from vaccinations sections in aviary systems. Photo courtesy Big Dutchman.
• Some dark periods may be shortened or removed to
accommodate work schedules Automatic
drinkers
DECEMBER 2016 • © HY-LINE INTERNATIONAL 7
HY-LINE W-80: AVIARY AND BARN SYSTEMS—NORTH AMERICA EDITION
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Growth and Development

AGE 0–3 days

AIR TEMP. 91–95°F 4–7 days

(FLOOR)
LIGHT 3–5 8–14 days
footcandles 88–91°F
INTENSITY
LIGHT 22 hours or 3–5 84–88°F 15–21 days
HOURS Intermittent footcandles
Program 2.5
21 hours or 81–84°F 22–28 days
Intermittent footcandles
Program 2.5
20 hours 75–81°F 29–35 days
footcandles

19 hours 2.5 72–75°F 36–42 days

footcandles
18 hours 0.5–1.5 70°F
Relative footcandles
17 hours 0.5–1.5
humidity HATCHING footcandles
80% 16 hours

Low humidity Excessive humidity

TRANSPORTATION
TO FARM • Reduces bird comfort • Increases ammonia
70% CROP
• Increases FILL
dehydration– • Causes poor litter and air
BROODING • May ARE
result inTHE
pasty CHICKS EATING?
quality
PERIOD vents in chicks
(0–7 days) Hours after
• May increase agitation Chicks
GROWING 60% chick of pecking
and possibility with feed
40% placement
• Adversely in crop
affects feather
minimum cover
6 75%
• Increases dust
LAYING 12 85% Chick with Chick without
40% starter feed starter feed
minimum
24 100% in crop in crop

Rearing Recommendations
• Check water availability and raise drinkers as the birds grow (nipples should be higher than the birds’ heads, cups
should be level with their backs).
• Plan and follow a vaccination schedule specific to your area.
• Greater than 50% of the floor area should be littered.
• Remove and record dead birds daily and dispose of properly. Perform post-mortem examinations if mortality exceeds
the performance target to determine the causes of excessive mortality.
• Ensure target body weights are achieved by weekly check weighing. Weigh 60–100 pullets to obtain an average weight.

Rearing Space Recommendations

(check local regulations concerning space requirements)
Useable space is calculated as litter floor and raised slat areas, not including nest space or perch space. If the veranda
(winter porch) floor space is considered as useable space when calculating stocking density, then the birds must be able to
access this area at all times.

Rearing density depends on age of transfer to the laying house.

8 DECEMBER 2016 • © HY-LINE INTERNATIONAL

 HY-LINE W-80: AVIARY AND BARN SYSTEMS—NORTH AMERICA EDITION
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Growth and Development (continued)
• Pullet flocks that enter into egg production at the correct • Delay diet change if birds are underweight or have poor
body weight of (2.78–2.87 lb/1.26–1.30 kg) with uniformities uniformity.
higher than 85% perform best in the production period. • By 12 weeks of age, match the feeding schedule to be used
• The design of the rearing facility should closely match that in the layer house.
of the layer house to which the flock will be transferred. • During the rearing period, run feeders 3–5 times per
Drinker and feeder type and perching should match. This day. Feed more frequently to encourage feed intake in
makes the transition of the birds from rearing to laying underweight flocks or in hot weather. Manage feeders so
easy and stress-free. that additional feedings do not create excessive fine feed
• Chicks’ body weight should double between arrival and particles. Check feed consumption against the body weight/
7 days of age. feed consumption table on p. 10.
• It is important to achieve 6, 12, 18, 24, and 30 week • Anticipate a rapid rise in ambient temperature and adjust
body weight targets to ensure optimum development birds’ diet accordingly. Birds will eat less when exposed to
of the bird’s body. a rapid temperature increase. (See the “Understanding Heat
• If possible, exceed pullet body weight standards Stress in Layers” technical update at www.hyline.com.)
throughout rear. • Delay diet changes until after a stress-inducing event, such
• Use a crumble starter feed to promote good feed intake. as catching birds for an injected vaccination.
• Change rearing diets only when recommended body
weight is attained.

1 week 3 weeks 6 weeks 12 weeks 18 weeks 24 weeks

WEEKS OF AGE
5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
1st 2nd 3rd
SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT

MOLT MOLT MOLT

Ovary Reproductive Tract
Immune &
Digestive Systems Muscles Fat Cells

Cortical Bone / Skeletal Growth Medullary Bone

Skeletal frame developed Sexual maturity – Physical maturity
reddening of comb and wattles

5.0 0.25 WEEKLY WEIGHT GAIN (lb)

BODY WEIGHT (lb)

Body weight (lb)

4.0 0.20

3.0 0.15

2.0 0.10
Approximate
weekly weight gain (lb)
1.0 0.05

0.0 0.0
5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
WEEKS OF AGE

IDEAL
BREAST
MUSCLE 1–2 2 2–3 3
SCORE
BREAST MUSCLE SCORING
Layers with good muscle
development are better able to
sustain high egg production.
0 1 2 3

DECEMBER 2016 • © HY-LINE INTERNATIONAL 9

HY-LINE W-80: AVIARY AND BARN SYSTEMS—NORTH AMERICA EDITION
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Rearing Body Weights and Uniformity
WATER Weigh 100 birds weekly to
AGE BODY BODY FEED INTAKE UNIFORMITY 30 weeks of age
CONSUMPTION
(weeks) WEIGHT (kg) WEIGHT (lb) (lb / day / 100) (Cage)
(gal / day / 100)
1 0.07 – 0.08 0.15 – 0.18 2.65 – 3.09 0.48 – 0.74
2 0.12 – 0.13 0.26 – 0.29 3.31 – 4.19 0.61 – 1.00 >85%
3 0.18 – 0.19 0.40 – 0.42 4.63 – 5.51 0.85 – 1.32
4 0.25 – 0.26 0.55 – 0.57 5.95 – 6.83 1.08 – 1.64
5 0.32 – 0.35 0.71 – 0.77 6.83 – 7.72 1.24 – 1.85
6 0.41 – 0.44 0.90 – 0.97 7.72 – 8.60 1.40 – 2.06
7 0.51 – 0.55 1.12 – 1.21 8.60 – 9.48 1.56 – 2.27
8 0.60 – 0.65 1.32 – 1.43 9.26 – 10.14 1.66 – 2.43 >80%
9 0.70 – 0.74 1.54 – 1.63 9.70 – 11.02 1.74 – 2.64
10 0.78 – 0.84 1.72 – 1.85 10.58 – 11.68 1.88 – 2.77
11 0.86 – 0.91 1.90 – 2.01 11.24 – 12.35 2.01 – 2.93
12 0.92 – 0.99 2.03 – 2.18 11.90 – 13.01 2.11 – 3.09
13 0.98 – 1.05 2.16 – 2.31 12.57 – 13.67 2.25 – 3.25
14 1.03 – 1.11 2.27 – 2.45 13.23 – 14.33 2.35 – 3.41
>85%
15 1.08 – 1.16 2.38 – 2.56 13.89 – 14.99 2.48 – 3.57
16 1.13 – 1.21 2.49 – 2.67 14.77 – 15.87 2.64 – 3.78 Weigh birds separately after
17 1.17 – 1.25 2.58 – 2.76 15.43 – 16.53 2.75 – 3.94 >90% 3 weeks using a digital scale
that calculates uniformity.
*During the transfer of birds from rearing to laying facilities there will be some loss of body
weight.

Monitoring Body Weights

• Body weights should be monitored weekly up to 30 weeks of age and thereafter every five weeks.
• Weigh birds individually, using a scale with increments no larger than 0.5 lb.
• A minimum of 60 birds should be weighed. In order to get the best representative sample, all birds penned should be
weighed.
• Always weigh birds on the same day of the week and at the same time of day.
• Weighing birds weekly will identify when the flocks is deviating from the body weight standard, thus enabling corrective
action to be taken.
• It is critical to weigh birds prior to a scheduled feed change. If a flock is below target for body weight, it should remain
on a high nutrient density diet until the target weight is reached.
• Factors that can adversely affect body weight include chick and pullet quality, environment, inadequate nutrition, water
quality and intake, overcrowding and disease.

Uniformity
• The uniformity of body weights within a flock is an indicator of flock development. CALCULATING UNIFORMITY
• Ideally prior to point of lay, flocks should have a minimum uniformity of 85%. • Use individual bird weights.
• Uniformity of body weights makes accurate feeding and management of the flock • Uniformity calculation tool is
easier. available at
• Body weight gains and uniformity may be negatively affected by bird handling, www.hylinebodyweight.com.
vaccination and transfer.
• Using multiple hatch dates, causing a range of chick ages, will negatively affect uniformity.

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Uniformity (continued)
Normal Distribution of Body Weights
Record individual body weights to ensure a bell-shaped or “normal” distribution.

80

2.5 lb 2.8 lb 3.1 lb

DECEMBER 2016 • © HY-LINE INTERNATIONAL 11

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Rearing Period Nutritional Recommendations
STARTER 1 STARTER 2 GROWER DEVELOPER PRE-LAY1
CHANGE DIET AT A 0.39–0.42 lb 0.91–0.97 lb 2.04–2.17 lb 2.39–2.55 lb 2.57–2.76 lb
BODY WEIGHT OF
3.5 28

FEED CONSUMPTION (lb / day per 100 birds)

3.0 24

2.5 20
BODY WEIGHT (lb)

2.0 16
Body weight (lb)

1.5 12
Feed consumption
(lb / day per 100 birds)
1.0 8

0.5 4

0.0 0
WEEKS OF AGE 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

Change diet based on body weight

NUTRITION RECOMMENDED NUTRIENT CONCENTRATION
Metabolizable energy , kcal/lb
2
1320–1400 1320–1400 1288–1388 1256–1387 1275–1375
Metabolizable energy2, kcal/kg 2910–3086 2910–3086 2840–3061 2770–3057 2810–3031
Metabolizable energy2, MJ/kg 12.18–12.92 12.18–12.92 11.89–12.82 11.60–12.80 11.76–12.69

Standardized Ileal Digestible Amino Acids / Total Amino Acids3

Lysine, % 1.02 / 1.12 0.94 / 1.03 0.84 / 0.92 0.68 / 0.74 0.74 / 0.81
Methionine, % 0.45 / 0.49 0.43 / 0.46 0.40 / 0.44 0.31 / 0.33 0.36 / 0.39
Methionine+Cystine, % 0.78 / 0.87 0.74 / 0.83 0.68 / 0.76 0.57 / 0.65 0.64 / 0.71
Threonine, % 0.66 / 0.78 0.61 / 0.72 0.56 / 0.66 0.47 / 0.56 0.51 / 0.60
Tryptophan, % 0.18 / 0.21 0.17 / 0.20 0.17 / 0.20 0.15 / 0.18 0.16 / 0.21
Arginine, % 1.06 / 1.15 0.98 / 1.06 0.87 / 0.94 0.71 / 0.76 0.77 / 0.84
Isoleucine, % 0.72 / 0.77 0.67 / 0.72 0.62 / 0.67 0.51 / 0.54 0.58 / 0.62
Valine, % 0.74 / 0.81 0.69 / 0.76 0.66 / 0.72 0.55 / 0.60 0.63 / 0.69

Crude protein4, % 20.00 18.25 17.50 16.00 16.50

Calcium5, % 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 2.70
Phosphorus (available)6, % 0.50 0.49 0.47 0.47 0.48
Sodium, % 0.21 0.20 0.18 0.18 0.18
Chloride, % 0.21 0.20 0.18 0.18 0.18
Linoleic acid (C18:2 n-6)7, % 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

1
Do not feed Pre-Lay Diet earlier than 15 weeks of age. Do not feed Pre-Lay later than first egg as it contains insufficient calcium to
support egg production.
2
Recommended energy range is based on raw material energy values shown in feed ingredient table at back of this guide. It is
important that target concentrations of dietary energy are adjusted according to energy system applied to raw material matrix.
3
Recommendation for Total Amino Acids is only appropriate to corn and soybean meal diet. Where diets utilize other ingredients,
recommendations for Standardized Ileal Digestible Amino Acids must be followed.
4
Diets should always be formulated to provide required intake of amino acid. Concentration of crude protein in diet will vary with raw
material used. Crude protein value provided is an estimated typical value only.
5
Calcium should be supplied as fine calcium carbonate (mean particle size less than 2 mm). Coarse limestone (2–4 mm)
can be introduced in Pre-Lay Diet at up to 50% of total limestone.
6
Where other phosphorus systems are used, diets should contain recommended minimum level of available phosphorus.
7
Oil levels can be increased to 2.0% in starter diets when given as a mash to control dust and increase feed palatability.

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Good Lighting Practices
• In aviary systems, dimming lights gradually to simulate • Take local conditions into account which may require
sunset will encourage birds to roost on the upper level. adaptations of lighting programs.
• Sequentially turn off the lights beginning on the floor • Light hours of rearing and production houses should be
level, followed by the middle level and finally the upper matched at transfer.
level, to get more birds to roost on the upper level at • Light stimulation period should extend into the peaking
night. period (achieve 16 hours of light at approximately 30
• Verandas (winter porches) should be equipped with lights. weeks).
• Keep light bulbs and bulb covers clean to prevent loss of • Light intensity should gradually increase for the 2 weeks
light intensity. before flock is transferred to the laying house (but not
• Prevent dark areas in the house which are caused by too prior to 14 weeks of age). Final rearing house light
much distance between lights or burned-out light bulbs. intensity should match the laying house light intensity.
• Shiny or white surfaces reflect light and increase light
intensity.

Light Program for Light-Controlled Housing

(www.hylineweblighting.com)
Use a slow step-down lighting program for 0–12 weeks to increase the feed intake during the rearing period to optimize
pullet flock growth and uniformity.

24 24
prender

23 Aumento gradual de luz hasta las 30 semanas de edad,

23
16 horas máximo al final de la postura
22 22
21 21
apagar

20 20
19 19
18 18
prender

17 17
16 16
15 15
apagar
HORA DEL DÍA

14 14
13 13
12 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13½ 13 12½ 12 12 12 12 12 12 13 13¼ 13½ 13¾ 14 14¼ 14½ 14¾ 15 15¼ 15½ 15¾ 16 16 16
12
prender

11 HORAS DE LUZ 11
10 10
9 9
apagar

8 8
7 7
6 6
prender

5 5
4 4
Estimulación con luz al
3 3
Peso corporal ideal de (2.58–2.76 lb)
apagar

2 Transfiera el lote al
galpón de postura
2
1 1
0 0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32
SEMANAS DE EDAD

INTENSIDAD DE LA LUZ (footcandles)

3–5 2.5 1–1.5 2–2.5 3

• An intermittent lighting program is preferred. If not using an intermittent lighting program from 0–7 days, then use 22
hours of light from 0–3 days and 21 hours of light from 4–7 days.
• “Lights on” time can be varied between houses in laying flocks to facilitate egg collection on multiple flock complexes.
• In pullet flocks, use a 5000K dimmable light to achieve lower light intensity after brooding.
• If the laying flock has a large spread in hatch ages and/or poor uniformity, light stimulate the flock based on the youngest
hatch date or lightest birds.
• Use “warm” lights (2700–3500 K) in laying flocks to ensure sufficient red spectrum light.
• For more information on poultry lighting, see the “Understanding Poultry Lighting” and “Impact of Tarp Color on Poultry
Lighting” technical updates at www.hyline.com.

DECEMBER 2016 • © HY-LINE INTERNATIONAL 13

 HY-LINE W-80: AVIARY AND BARN SYSTEMS—NORTH AMERICA EDITION
<< Back to Table of Contents
Customized Lighting Programs for
Open-Sided Housing (www.hylineweblighting.com)
The Hy-Line International Lighting Program can create custom lighting programs for your location. To prevent early sexual
development, the program finds the longest natural day length between 12–17 weeks of age and constructs an artificial
lighting program that holds day length constant with artificial lights from 12–17 weeks.

• On the first screen—enter e-mail address

and select language.
• On the second screen, use dropdowns for
“Select Location of Flock”, “Hatch Date”,
“Variety Standards” and “Housing Style.”
• Click on “Create Lighting Spreadsheet.”
• Results will be e-mailed to you.

Lighting Program for : IOWA / DALLAS CENTER 93° 56' W 41° 43' N
Variety: W-80 Commercial
House Type: Open grow to open lay
Hatch Date: 1-Jan-18 Standard daylight time

Total Hours of
Weeks of Age Date Sunrise Lights on Lights Off Sunset Light Total Sunlight
0 1-Jan-18 7:42 1:45 22:45 16:56 21:00 9:14 *See Intermittent Sch
1 8-Jan-18 7:42 2:15 22:00 17:02 19:45 9:20
2 15-Jan-18 7:40 2:45 21:30 17:10 18:45 9:30
3 22-Jan-18 7:36 3:15 21:00 17:18 17:45 9:42
4 29-Jan-18 7:30 3:45 20:30 17:27 16:45 9:57
5 5-Feb-18 7:23 4:15 20:00 17:36 15:45 10:13
6 12-Feb-18 7:15 4:45 19:30 17:45 14:45 10:30
7 19-Feb-18 7:05 4:45 19:30 17:54 14:45 10:49
8 26-Feb-18 6:55 4:45 19:30 18:02 14:45 11:07
9 5-Mar-18 6:44 4:45 19:30 18:10 14:45 11:26
10 12-Mar-18 6:32 4:45 19:30 18:18 14:45 11:46
11 19-Mar-18 6:20 4:45 19:30 18:26 14:45 12:06
12 26-Mar-18 6:08 4:45 19:30 18:34 14:45 12:26
13 2-Apr-18 5:56 4:45 19:30 18:42 14:45 12:46
14 9-Apr-18 5:45 4:45 19:30 18:49 14:45 13:04
15 16-Apr-18 5:34 4:45 19:30 18:57 14:45 13:23
16 23-Apr-18 5:23 4:45 19:30 19:05 14:45 13:42
17 30-Apr-18 5:13 4:15 20:00 19:12 15:45 13:59
18 7-May-18 5:04 4:15 20:15 19:20 16:00 14:16
19 14-May-18 4:56 4:00 20:15 19:27 16:15 14:31
20 21-May-18 4:50 4:00 20:15 19:34 16:15 14:44
21 28-May-18 4:45 4:00 20:15 19:40 16:15 14:55
22 4-Jun-18 4:42 4:00 20:15 19:46 16:15 15:04
23 11-Jun-18 4:40 4:00 20:15 19:50 16:15 15:10
24 18-Jun-18 4:40 4:00 20:15 19:53 16:15 15:13
25 25-Jun-18 4:42 4:00 20:15 19:54 16:15 15:12
26 2-Jul-18 4:45 4:00 20:15 19:53 16:15 15:08
27 9-Jul-18 4:49 4:00 20:15 19:51 16:15 15:02
28 16-Jul-18 4:55 4:00 20:15 19:48 16:15 14:53
29 23-Jul-18 5:01 4:00 20:15 19:42 16:15 14:41
Same lighting program with sunrise and 30 30-Jul-18 5:08 4:00 20:15 19:35 16:15 14:27
31 6-Aug-18 5:14 4:00 20:15 19:27 16:15 14:13
sunset represented by yellow and red lines and 32
33
13-Aug-18
20-Aug-18
5:22
5:29
4:00
4:00
20:15
20:15
19:18
19:08
16:15
16:15
13:56
13:39
suggested artificial day length indicated by blue 34
35
27-Aug-18
3-Sep-18
5:36
5:43
4:00
4:00
20:15
20:15
18:57
18:45
16:15
16:15
13:21
13:02
bars 36+ 4:00 20:15 16:15
This lighting program is created from a formula based on global location and housing style. This program may need to be further adapted
to better fit local conditions. Please email [email protected] for further questions or technical assistance.

Hy-Line Lighting Program W-80 Commercial Open grow to open lay Hatch Date: 01-Jan-18
24:00
O Sunrise Sunset Total Hours of Light
23:00 f
f
21:00

22:00
21:00
19:45

O
20:00
18:45

n
19:00
17:45

18:00
16:45

O
16:15

16:15

16:15

16:15

16:15

16:15

16:15

16:15

16:15

16:15

16:15

16:15

16:15

16:15

16:15

16:15

16:15

16:15
16:00

17:00 f
15:45

15:45

f
16:00
14:45

14:45

14:45

14:45

14:45

14:45

14:45

14:45

14:45

14:45

14:45

15:00
O
14:00 n
Time of day (hours)

13:00
12:00
O
11:00 f
f
10:00
9:00
O
8:00 n
7:00
6:00
O
5:00 f
f
4:00
3:00
O
2:00 n
1:00
Age (weeks)
0:00
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36+

1-Jan-18 29-Jan-18 26-Feb-18 26-Mar-18 23-Apr-18 21-May-18 18-Jun-18 16-Jul-18 13-Aug-18

14 DECEMBER 2016 • © HY-LINE INTERNATIONAL

 HY-LINE W-80: AVIARY AND BARN SYSTEMS—NORTH AMERICA EDITION
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Drinking Systems
The type of drinkers used during rearing should be the same as the ones used in the layer house. Also, use the same nipple
type in the rearing house and the laying house (vertical versus 360° activated nipples).
• Water should be kept fresh and clean. Ensure that palatable • Record daily flock water consumption. A drop in water
water is provided for the birds at all times. consumption is often the earliest indication of a serious
• Keep the water fresh and clean by flushing water lines problem in the flock.
weekly during rearing and production periods. Clean and • Regular water treatment is recommended.
flush water lines during the night, before lights come on in
• In barn systems, the water lines should be in front of nests.
the morning.
Avoid using water lines above the nest level.

Cup drinkers Nipple drinkers

Nipple level
with chick’s head
360°
Cup level with
chick’s back

• Cup drinkers should be manually filled during 0–3 days to • Nipple drinking systems are preferred because they are
train chicks to drink. closed and thus more sanitary.
• Open drinkers (bell, supplemental chick drinkers, trough) are • Adjust nipple water system pressure to create hanging
easily contaminated and should be cleaned daily. drop to help chicks find water for 0–3 days and in layer
house at transfer for 7 days.
• Splash cups are useful during brooding period and in hot
climates.
• 360° activated nipples make drinking easy for chicks.
• Use only 360° activated nipples for hatchery beak-treated
Air Quality chicks, as well as supplemental chick drinkers.
• Nipple drinkers should deliver a minimum 60 ml per
• Production house should be at 64–77°F and 40–60% minute / nipple in layers.
humidity.
• The general rule for determining required fan capacity—
1.0–1.5 ft3 / minute of air movement per pound of body Air Movement (ft3 / minute per 1000 birds)
weight. AMBIENT WEEKS OF AGE
• Ventilation is essential to: TEMP.
(°F) 1 3 6 12 18 19+
– Provide each bird with an adequate supply of oxygen
– Remove moisture from house 90 200 300 600 1500 3500 4500–5500
– Remove carbon dioxide produced by birds 70 100 150 300 750 1500 2500–3000
– Remove dust particles 50 70 100 200 400 1100 1500–2000
– Dilute aerosolized pathogenic organisms 32 40 75 140 300 750 500–750
• Positive pressure houses where exhaust air is exiting
through vents and popholes prevents cold damp air in 10 40 60 100 200 300 350–500
winter from entering the house and causing wet litter. -10 40 60 100 200 300 350–400
• In tunnel ventilated houses, if birds are confined inside Acknowledgment: Dr. Hongwei Xin, Professor, Department of
the house due to hot weather, ensure that the stocking Agriculture and Biosystems Engineering and Department of Animal
densities are appropriate for bird confinement. Science, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
• Allowable levels of noxious gases at floor level in the
house are: ammonia (NH3) < 25 ppm; carbon dioxide (CO2)
< 5000 ppm; carbon monoxide (CO) < 50 ppm (measured
over 8 hours).

DECEMBER 2016 • © HY-LINE INTERNATIONAL 15

HY-LINE W-80: AVIARY AND BARN SYSTEMS—NORTH AMERICA EDITION
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Water Quality
• Good quality water must be available to birds at all times. • When collecting a well water sample, let the water run for
• Water and feed consumption are directly related—when 2 minutes prior to collecting the sample. Water samples
birds drink less, they consume less feed, and production should be kept below 50°F and submitted to the lab in
quickly declines. less than 24 hours.
• As a general rule, healthy birds will consume 1.5–2.0 • Some water sources contain high levels of dissolved
times more water than feed. This ratio increases in high minerals such as calcium, sodium and magnesium. When
ambient temperatures. this occurs, amounts of these minerals in water have to
be considered when formulating feed.
• High concentrations of sodium or other minerals may
require changes in ration formulation. • Drinking water should be tested for quality and
cleanliness from source and end of the water line.
• Test water quality at least 1 time per year. The water
source will determine the regularity of water testing. • Preferable drinking water temperature for chicks is
68–77°F and for layers is 59–68°F.
– Surface water requires more frequent testing, as it is
more affected by season and rainfall patterns. • Ideal water pH is 5–7 to promote good water sanitation,
increase feed consumption and improve upper
– Closed wells taking water from aquifers or deep
gastrointestinal health.
artesian basins will be more consistent in water quality,
but are generally higher in dissolved mineral content. • Less than optimum water quality can have a significant
impact on gut health, which will lead to under utilization
• The presence of coliform bacteria is an indicator that
of nutrients in feed.
the water source has been contaminated with animal or
human waste.

MAXIMUM
CONCENTRATION
ITEM (ppm or mg/L)*
Older birds will tolerate higher levels up to 20 ppm. Stressed or diseased challenged
Nitrate NO3ˉ 1 25
birds may be more sensitive to effects of Nitrate.
Nitrate Nitrogen (NO3-N) 1 6
Nitrite is considerably more toxic than Nitrate, especially for young birds, where
Nitrite NO2 - 1
4
1 ppm Nitrite may be considered toxic.
Nitrite Nitrogen (NO2-N ) 1 1
Levels up to 3000 ppm may not affect performance but could increase manure
Total dissolved solids 2
1000
moisture.
Chloride (Cl -) 1
250 Levels as low as 14 mg may be problematic if sodium is higher than 50 ppm.
Sulfate (SO4 ) - 1
250 Higher levels may be laxative.
Iron (Fe) 1 <0.3 Higher levels result in bad odor and taste.
Higher levels may be laxative. Levels above 50 ppm may be problematic if sulphate
Magnesium (Mg) 1 125
levels are high.
Potassium (K) 2
20 Higher levels may be acceptable depending on sodium level, alkalinity and pH.
Higher concentration is acceptable but concentrations above 50 ppm should be
Sodium (Na) 1,2
50
avoided if high levels of chloride, sulphate or potassium exist.
Manganese (Mn) 3
0.05 Higher levels may be laxative.
Arsenic (As) 2 0.5
Fluoride (F ) - 2
2
Aluminum (Al) 2 5
Boron (B) 2 5
Cadmium (Cd) 2
0.02
Cobalt (Co) 2 1
Copper (Cu) 1
0.6 Higher levels result in bitter taste.
Lead (Pb) 1 0.02 Higher levels are toxic.
Mercury (Hg) 2
0.003 Higher levels are toxic.
Zinc (Zn) 1 1.5 Higher levels are toxic.
Birds may adapt to lower pH. Below pH 5 may reduce water intake and corrode metal
pH 1
6.3–7.5
fittings. Above pH 8 may reduce intake and reduce effectiveness of water sanitation.
Total bacteria counts 3
1000 CFU/ml This is likely to indicate dirty water.
Total Coliform bacteria 3
50 CFU/ml
Fecal Coliform bacteria 3 0 CFU/ml
Oxygen Reduction Potential The ORP range at which 2–4 ppm of free chlorine will effectively sanitize water at a
650–750 mEq
(ORP) 3 favorable pH range of 5–7.
* Limits may be lower as interactions exist between magnesium and sulphate; and between sodium, potassium, chloride and sulphate.
1
Carter & Sneed, 1996. Drinking Water Quality for Poultry, Poultry Science and Technology Guide, North Carolina State University Poultry Extension Service. Guide no. 42
2
Marx and Jaikaran, 2007. Water Analysis Interpretation. Agri-Facts, Alberta Ag-Info Centre. Refer to http://www.agric.gov.ab.ca/app84/rwqit for online Water Analysis Tool
3
Watkins, 2008. Water: Identifying and Correcting Challenges. Avian Advice 10(3): 10–15 University of Arkansas Cooperative Extension Service, Fayetteville

16 DECEMBER 2016 • © HY-LINE INTERNATIONAL

 HY-LINE W-80: AVIARY AND BARN SYSTEMS—NORTH AMERICA EDITION
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Perches Perch Dimensions
• Perches are essential for rearing birds that will go into an aviary system.
• They enrich the birds’ environment and allow expression of normal behaviors.
• Perches encourage jumping habits, which develops leg and breast muscles,
increases bone strength and calcium content of bone. Birds able to jump will
have good nesting behavior and be more mobile in multi-tier aviary systems. 15.7 in
• Perches reduce social stress by providing safe resting sites.
• Perches increase living space in house.
• Perches allow birds to roost at night.
• Use of perches may reduce piling behavior in flocks.

Perch Design
• Floor-reared birds should have access to perches and slats no later than 10 days of age.
• Perch height should not exceed 3.3 feet to avoid injuries.
• Provide 4–6 inches perch space per bird (check local regulations concerning perch space).
• Separate perch rails by at least 1 foot to prevent cannibalistic pecking of birds on adjacent rails.
• Place perches on slats to maintain good litter conditions and control floor eggs.
• Avoid slippery perches.
< 1.3 in >
• Perches should be round or rectangular for better gripping and comfort.
• Perches should support bottom of foot.
• If possible, use the same perch style in rear and lay houses.
• Don’t use perches above water lines during rear if using an electric deterrent over water line in production.
• Perches should be easy to clean and disinfect between flocks.
• Seal cracks, crevices and open ends of pipes to reduce hiding areas of red mites (Dermanyssus gallinae).
• Perches are ideally placed over feed lines and on the top level in aviaries.

PERCH EXAMPLES

Wall perch Perch over feeder A-frame perch with slats

Perch in aviary system

DECEMBER 2016 • © HY-LINE INTERNATIONAL 17

 HY-LINE W-80: AVIARY AND BARN SYSTEMS—NORTH AMERICA EDITION
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Transition Period from Rear to Peak
Egg Production
Frequently formulate to changing feed consumption during
transition period until feed consumption is consistent.
25 / 4.25 100
Hen-day egg
production (%)
24 / 4.00 90

Feed consumption
(lb / day per 100 birds)
23 / 3.75 80
FEED CONSUMPTION (lb / day per 100 birds)

Body weight (lb)

22 / 3.50 70

EGG WEIGHT (net lb / 30 doz case)

HEN-DAY EGG PRODUCTION (%)
21 / 3.25 60
BODY WEIGHT (lb)

Egg weight (net lb / 30 doz case)

20/ 3.00 50

19 / 2.75 40

18 / 2.50 30

17 / 2.25 20

16 / 2.00 10

15 / 1.75 0
WEEKS OF AGE 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36

Pre-Lay Peaking Ration

Ration
* Blue shaded area represents potential body weight losses during transfer.

Transition Period Pre-Lay Ration

• During the transition period, nutrient requirements • Feed when most pullets show reddening of combs.
increase dramatically. • Pre-Lay Diet is important to increase medullary bone
• Occurring during the transition period: reserves in pullets prior to egg production. Medullary bone
– Rapidly increasing egg production is the form of bone that is quickly mobilized for eggshell
– Increasing egg size formation.
– Increasing body weight • Plan to feed for maximum of 7–14 days before point of lay.
• Feed consumption may increase slowly during transition: • Begin introducing large particle calcium into the diet
beginning with the Pre-Lay Diet.
– In underweight birds
• Discontinue Pre-Lay Diet with the commencement of egg
– In flocks lacking uniformity production.
– During high environmental temperatures
• Poor uniformity prolongs the transition period and may Peaking Ration
result in low peak and poor persistency of production. • Formulations for low feed intakes (17.6–18.7 lb / day per
• Monitor feed intake and egg production carefully during 100 birds) may be required to meet the hen’s nutrient
transition and adjust dietary nutrient concentration requirements. Increase vitamin and trace mineral levels in
accordingly. these low intake diets.
• Begin Peaking Diet with onset of lay (1% egg production).
• Feed intake may be reduced if birds are not accustomed to
large particle calcium (i.e. use of a Pre-Lay Diet).
• Ensure that Peaking Diet is in the feeders when first eggs
are laid, not in the feed bin.

18 DECEMBER 2016 • © HY-LINE INTERNATIONAL

 HY-LINE W-80: AVIARY AND BARN SYSTEMS—NORTH AMERICA EDITION
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Transition Period from Rear to Peak
Egg Production (continued)
Transfer to the Laying House Body Weight Loss of Birds in Transit
• Barn and aviary birds must be transferred to the layer house It should be noted that at the time of transfer from
a minimum of 14 days before the first egg. This is typically rearing to laying houses, there will be some loss in
between 14–16 weeks of age. body weight (which is normally 10–12%). This loss
• Earlier transfer makes it easier for birds to adapt to their new is mainly due to reduced water intake and some
laying environment prior to the onset of egg production. dehydration of the pullet.
• Two weeks prior to moving, gradually increase light intensity to To help regain these losses, the following factors
match the laying house. should be considered.
• Light hours of rearing and production house should be matched • Age of transfer (earlier transfers are less stressful).
at transfer.
• Availability of fresh potable water, monitoring
• Three days before moving pullets to the laying house, begin intake levels to ensure good uptake.
using water-soluble vitamins and electrolytes in the drinking
• Availability of fresh feed, similar in physical
water to relieve stress.
quality and nutrient profile to the feed used in the
• Transfer birds quickly to laying house, and transfer all birds the rearing house just before transfer.
same day. Move early in the morning so birds can keep to a
• Match lighting programs between rearing and
normal daily routine.
laying houses.
• Water consumption during the last week on the rearing farm
• Match drinker and feeder type between rearing
should be noted and compared with water consumption in the
and laying.
laying house immediately after transfer. The time taken to match
the previous level of water consumption and subsequently • Care must be taken in hot or cold ambient
exceed it will be an indication of how well the birds have conditions to maintain an appropriate house
adapted to their new environment. Birds should be drinking temperature.
normally by 6 hours after transfer. • Ensure laying house environment is set up and
• For the first week, keep nipple drinkers lowered after transfer to ready for pullets.
slightly above the bird’s back before raising them to head level. • Ensure birds are moved with welfare as a priority.
• Leave lights on at night for the first few nights after transfer to
reduce the risk of birds piling.
• Increase light intensity for first 2–3 days to help birds adapt to
their new environment.
• House temperature at transfer of 65–70°F will encourage feed
intake.
• Before transfer, the flock should be checked for roundworms
(and treated if necessary) and have resistance against coccidia
through the use of coccidiostats in the feed or by vaccination.

Barn Systems
• In barn systems with both litter and elevated slat areas, place
females on slats when moving to the production house.
• Plastic fencing can be temporarily used to retain birds on the
slatted area for a few days to ensure they quickly become
familiar with drinkers, feeders and nests. Plastic fencing is used to temporarily retain birds on
slatted area or within system after transfer to train birds
to have correct eating, drinking and sleeping behaviors.
Aviary Systems
• The best pullets are reared in an aviary system and trained to
use an aviary system from the first day of life.
• Place birds inside the aviary system when transferring the flock.
It is important that all birds are in the aviary system before lights
go off at night. This may require manually placing floor birds into
the system until they are trained to sleep in the system.
• Some aviary systems allow birds to be retained within the
system for a few days after transfer to learn to use the feeders,
waterers and nests before egg production begins.
• It is advisable to retain the hens within the aviary system if
coming from floor rearing houses.
• Rearing birds in intensive systems to go into aviary and barn
laying facilities is not recommended.

DECEMBER 2016 • © HY-LINE INTERNATIONAL 19

HY-LINE W-80: AVIARY AND BARN SYSTEMS—NORTH AMERICA EDITION
<< Back to Table of Contents
Feed Consumption
• Hens should have access to feed at all times. • Heat stress results in lower feed and energy
• A phase-feeding program should be practiced to ensure consumption. Increasing the energy content in the feed
correct nutrient consumption throughout lay. Phase can result in better body weight gain, egg production and
feeding matches nutrient intake with performance and egg weight when the effective ambient temperature is
desired egg size. high. For more information on heat stress management,
see the “Understanding Heat Stress in Layers” technical
• Layer diets should be formulated according to the actual
update at www.hyline.com.
feed consumption and level of desired production.
• Fats or oils are concentrated sources of energy and
• Reduce feed tracks to a lower level in the middle of the
can be useful in increasing the energy content and
day to ensure the consumption of smaller feed particles.
palatability of feed.
• Stimulate feed consumption by running feeders without
• Vegetable oils are typically high in linoleic acid, which
adding additional feed. Manage feeders so that additional
tends to increase egg size. A blend of vegetable oils may
feedings do not create excessive fine feed particles.
also be acceptable.
• The hens’ feed consumption rate is governed by several
factors, including body weight (or age), rate of egg
production, egg weight, ambient temperature, feed Approximate Relationship between Feed
texture and dietary energy content. Consumption and Environmental Temperature
• Hy-Line W-80 has a limited ability to adjust their feed 30
consumption to meet their needs for specific nutrients.

29

28

27
FEED INTAKE (lb / day / 100)

26

25

24

23

22
27.8 26.5 25.1 23.8 21
21

20
59 68 77 86 95
ENVIRONMENTAL TEMPERATURE (°F)

For every 2°F change in ambient temperature, there is an

approximate change of 0.26 lb of feed consumption per 100
birds. For example, if temperature is reduced from 68°F to
59°F, feed intake may increase by 1.3 lb per 100 birds per day.

20 DECEMBER 2016 • © HY-LINE INTERNATIONAL

 HY-LINE W-80: AVIARY AND BARN SYSTEMS—NORTH AMERICA EDITION
<< Back to Table of Contents
Production Period Nutritional Recommendations
FEEDING PHASE PEAKING LAYER 2 LAYER 3 LAYER 4 LAYER 5
PRODUCTION First egg until production 2% below peak 89–85% 84–80% Less than 80%
drops 2% below peak to 90%
100
90
HEN-DAY EGG PRODUCTION (%)

Hen-day egg production (%)

CUMULATIVE EGG MASS (lb)

80
AVERAGE EGG WEIGHT
(net lb / 30 doz case)

70
60
Average egg weight (net lb / 30 doz case)
50
40
30
Cumulative
egg mass (lb)
20
10
0
WEEKS OF AGE 18 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90
Change diet based on % of production and egg size
NUTRITION RECOMMENDED NUTRIENT INTAKE1
Metabolizable energy2, kcal/lb 1268–1329 1268–1324 1256–1315 1247–1288 1247–1279
Metabolizable energy2, kcal/kg 2795–2930 2795–2920 2770–2900 2750–2840 2750–2820
Metabolizable energy2, MJ/kg 11.70–12.27 11.70–12.23 11.60–12.14 11.51–11.89 11.51–11.81
Standardized Ileal Digestible Amino Acids / Total Amino Acids3
Lysine, mg/day 820 / 898 790 / 865 760 / 832 730 / 799 710 / 777
Methionine, mg/day 395 / 425 379 / 408 359 / 386 344 / 370 335 / 360
Methionine+Cystine, mg/day 705 / 796 679 / 766 646 / 729 613 / 692 596 / 673
Threonine, mg/day 574 / 675 553 / 651 532 / 626 511 / 601 497 / 585
Tryptophan, mg/day 172 / 206 166 / 198 160 / 191 153 / 183 149 / 178
Arginine, mg/day 853 / 917 822 / 883 790 / 849 759 / 817 738 / 794
Isoleucine, mg/day 640 / 688 616 / 663 593 / 638 569 / 612 553 / 595
Valine, mg/day 721 / 795 695 / 766 668 / 737 642 / 708 624 / 689

Crude protein4, g/day 16.00 15.50 15.25 15.00 14.75

Sodium, mg/day 180 180 180 180 180
Chloride, mg/day 180 180 180 180 180
Linoleic acid (C18:2 n-6), g/day 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
Choline, mg/day 100 100 100 100 100

CALCIUM, PHOSPHORUS AND LIMESTONE PARTICLE SIZE CHANGES BASED ON AGE

Weeks 17-37 Weeks 38-48 Weeks 49-62 Weeks 63-76 Weeks 76+
Calcium5,6, g/day 4.20 4.40 4.60 4.75 4.80
Phosphorus (available)5,7, mg/day 510 480 440 390 370
Calcium Particle Size 50% : 50% 45% : 55% 40% : 60% 35% : 65% 35% : 65%
(fine:coarse) (see page 17)
1
Crude protein, methionine+cystine, fat, linoleic acid, and / or energy may be changed to optimize egg size.
2
Recommended energy range is based on energy values shown in feed ingredient table at back of this guide. It is important that
target concentrations of dietary energy are adjusted according to energy system applied to raw material matrix if values differ from
those referred for raw materials in this guide.
3
Recommendation for Total Amino Acids is only appropriate to corn and soybean meal diet. Where diets utilize other ingredients,
recommendations for Standardized Ileal Digestible Amino Acids must be followed.
4
Diets should always be formulated to provide required intake of amino acid. Concentration of crude protein in diet will vary with raw
material used. Crude protein value provided is an estimated typical value only.
5
Calcium and available phosphorus requirements are determined by flock age. When production remains higher and diets are fed for
longer than ages shown, it is recommended to increase to calcium and phosphorus concentrations of next feeding phase.
6
Calcium carbonate particle size recommendation varies throughout lay. Refer to Calcium Particle Size Table. Dietary calcium levels
may need to be adjusted based on limestone solubility.
7
Where other phosphorus systems are used, diets should contain recommended minimum level of available phosphorus.

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Dietary Nutrient Concentrations for
Production Period (According to Phase and Feed Intake)
FEEDING PEAKING LAYER 2 LAYER 3 LAYER 4 LAYER 5
First egg until 2% below peak to 90% 89–85% 84–80% Less than 80%
PHASE production drops 2%
PRODUCTION below peak

NUTRITION RECOMMENDED CONCENTRATION1

Metabolizable energy2,
1268–1329 1268–1324 1256–1315 1247–1288 1247–1279
kcal/lb
Metabolizable energy2,
2795–2930 2795–2920 2770–2900 2750–2840 2750–2820
kcal/kg
Metabolizable energy2,
11.70–12.27 11.70–12.23 11.60–12.14 11.51–11.89 11.51–11.81
MJ/kg
FEED CONSUMPTION (*Typical Feed Consumption)
g/day per bird 93 98 103* 108 113 98 103 108* 113 118 99 104 109* 114 119 98 103 108* 113 118 97 102 107* 112 117
lb/day per 100 birds 20.5 21.6 22.7* 23.8 24.9 21.6 22.7 23.8* 24.9 26.0 21.8 22.9 24.0* 25.1 26.2 21.6 22.7 23.8* 24.9 26.0 21.4 22.5 23.6* 24.7 25.8
Standardized Ileal Digestible Amino Acids
Lysine, % 0.88 0.84 0.80 0.76 0.73 0.81 0.77 0.73 0.70 0.67 0.77 0.73 0.70 0.67 0.64 0.74 0.71 0.68 0.65 0.62 0.73 0.70 0.66 0.63 0.61
Methionine, % 0.42 0.40 0.38 0.37 0.35 0.39 0.37 0.35 0.34 0.32 0.37 0.35 0.33 0.32 0.31 0.35 0.33 0.32 0.31 0.29 0.35 0.33 0.31 0.30 0.29
Methionine+Cystine,% 0.76 0.72 0.68 0.65 0.62 0.69 0.66 0.63 0.60 0.58 0.66 0.63 0.60 0.57 0.55 0.63 0.60 0.57 0.55 0.53 0.61 0.58 0.56 0.53 0.51
Threonine, % 0.62 0.59 0.56 0.53 0.51 0.56 0.54 0.51 0.49 0.47 0.54 0.51 0.49 0.47 0.45 0.52 0.50 0.47 0.45 0.43 0.51 0.49 0.46 0.44 0.42
Tryptophan, % 0.19 0.18 0.17 0.16 0.15 0.17 0.16 0.15 0.15 0.14 0.16 0.15 0.15 0.14 0.13 0.16 0.15 0.14 0.14 0.13 0.15 0.15 0.14 0.13 0.13
Arginine, % 0.92 0.87 0.83 0.79 0.75 0.84 0.80 0.76 0.73 0.70 0.80 0.76 0.73 0.69 0.66 0.77 0.74 0.70 0.67 0.64 0.76 0.72 0.69 0.66 0.63
Isoleucine, % 0.69 0.65 0.62 0.59 0.57 0.63 0.60 0.57 0.55 0.52 0.60 0.57 0.54 0.52 0.50 0.58 0.55 0.53 0.50 0.48 0.57 0.54 0.52 0.49 0.47
Valine, % 0.78 0.74 0.70 0.67 0.64 0.71 0.67 0.64 0.61 0.59 0.68 0.64 0.61 0.59 0.56 0.66 0.62 0.59 0.57 0.54 0.64 0.61 0.58 0.56 0.53
Total Amino Acids3
Lysine, % 0.97 0.92 0.87 0.83 0.79 0.88 0.84 0.80 0.77 0.73 0.84 0.80 0.76 0.73 0.70 0.82 0.78 0.74 0.71 0.68 0.80 0.76 0.73 0.69 0.66
Methionine, % 0.46 0.43 0.41 0.39 0.38 0.42 0.40 0.38 0.36 0.35 0.39 0.37 0.35 0.34 0.32 0.38 0.36 0.34 0.33 0.31 0.37 0.35 0.34 0.32 0.31
Methionine+Cystine,% 0.86 0.81 0.77 0.74 0.70 0.78 0.74 0.71 0.68 0.65 0.74 0.70 0.67 0.64 0.61 0.71 0.67 0.64 0.61 0.59 0.69 0.66 0.63 0.60 0.57
Threonine, % 0.73 0.69 0.66 0.63 0.60 0.66 0.63 0.60 0.58 0.55 0.63 0.60 0.57 0.55 0.53 0.61 0.58 0.56 0.53 0.51 0.60 0.57 0.55 0.52 0.50
Tryptophan, % 0.22 0.21 0.20 0.19 0.18 0.20 0.19 0.18 0.18 0.17 0.19 0.18 0.17 0.17 0.16 0.19 0.18 0.17 0.16 0.16 0.18 0.17 0.17 0.16 0.15
Arginine, % 0.99 0.94 0.89 0.85 0.81 0.90 0.86 0.82 0.78 0.75 0.86 0.82 0.78 0.75 0.71 0.83 0.79 0.76 0.72 0.69 0.82 0.78 0.74 0.71 0.68
Isoleucine, % 0.74 0.70 0.67 0.64 0.61 0.68 0.64 0.61 0.59 0.56 0.64 0.61 0.58 0.56 0.54 0.62 0.59 0.57 0.54 0.52 0.61 0.58 0.56 0.53 0.51

Valine, % 0.86 0.81 0.77 0.74 0.70 0.78 0.74 0.71 0.68 0.65 0.74 0.71 0.68 0.65 0.62 0.72 0.69 0.66 0.63 0.60 0.71 0.68 0.64 0.61 0.59

Crude protein4, % 17.20 16.33 15.53 14.81 14.16 15.82 15.05 14.35 13.72 13.14 15.40 14.66 13.99 13.38 12.82 15.31 14.56 13.89 13.27 12.71 15.21 14.46 13.79 13.17 12.61

Sodium, % 0.19 0.18 0.17 0.17 0.16 0.18 0.17 0.17 0.16 0.15 0.18 0.17 0.17 0.16 0.15 0.18 0.17 0.17 0.16 0.15 0.19 0.18 0.17 0.16 0.15
Chloride, % 0.19 0.18 0.17 0.17 0.16 0.18 0.17 0.17 0.16 0.15 0.18 0.17 0.17 0.16 0.15 0.18 0.17 0.17 0.16 0.15 0.19 0.18 0.17 0.16 0.15
Linoleic acid (C18:2 n-6), % 1.08 1.02 0.97 0.93 0.88 1.02 0.97 0.93 0.88 0.85 1.01 0.96 0.92 0.88 0.84 1.02 0.97 0.93 0.88 0.85 1.03 0.98 0.93 0.89 0.85

CALCIUM, PHOSPHORUS AND LIMESTONE PARTICLE SIZE CHANGES BASED ON AGE

Weeks 17–37 Weeks 38–48 Weeks 49–62 Weeks 63–76 Weeks 76+
Feed Consumption, 93 98 103* 108 113 98 103 108* 113 118 99 104 109* 114 119 98 103 108* 113 118 97 102 107* 112 117
g/day per bird
Feed Consumption, lb/day 20.5 21.6 22.7* 23.8 24.9 21.6 22.7 23.8* 24.9 26.0 21.8 22.9 24.0* 25.1 26.2 21.6 22.7 23.8* 24.9 26.0 21.4 22.5 23.6* 24.7 25.8
per 100 birds
Calcium5,6, % 4.52 4.29 4.08 3.89 3.72 4.49 4.27 4.07 3.89 3.73 4.65 4.42 4.22 4.04 3.87 4.85 4.61 4.40 4.20 4.03 4.95 4.71 4.49 4.29 4.10
Phosphorus (available) 5,7, % 0.55 0.52 0.50 0.47 0.45 0.49 0.47 0.44 0.42 0.41 0.44 0.42 0.40 0.39 0.37 0.40 0.38 0.36 0.35 0.33 0.38 0.36 0.35 0.33 0.32
Calcium Particle Size 50% : 50% 45% : 55% 40% : 60% 35% : 65% 35% : 65%
(fine:coarse)
1
Crude protein, methionine+cystine, fat, linoleic acid, and / or energy may be changed to optimize egg size.
2
Recommended energy range is based on energy values shown in feed ingredient table at back of this guide. It is important that target concentrations of dietary energy are adjusted
according to energy system applied to raw material matrix if values differ from those referred for raw materials in this guide.
3
Recommendation for Total Amino Acids is only appropriate to corn and soybean meal diet. Where diets utilize other ingredients, recommendations for Standardized Ileal Digestible Amino
Acids must be followed.
4
Diets should always be formulated to provide required intake of amino acid. Concentration of crude protein in diet will vary with raw material used. Crude protein value provided is an
estimated typical value only.
5
Calcium and available phosphorus requirements are determined by flock age. When production remains higher and diets are fed for longer than ages shown, it is recommended to
increase to calcium and phosphorus concentrations of next feeding phase.
6
Calcium carbonate particle size recommendation varies throughout lay. Refer to Calcium Particle Size Table. Dietary calcium levels may need to be adjusted based on limestone solubility.
7
Where other phosphorus systems are used, diets should contain recommended minimum level of available phosphorus.

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Vitamins and Trace Minerals
• As the vitamin / trace mineral premix is often found in fine feed particles, a minimum level of 0.5% added liquid oil / fat
in meal diets binds small particles in feed.
• Manage feeders to allow birds to consume fine particles during mid-day.
1
Minimum recommendations for rearing
IN 2000 LB COMPLETE DIET and laying periods. Local regulations
ITEM 1, 2, 3, 4 Rearing Period Laying Period may limit dietary content of individual
vitamins or minerals.
Vitamin A, IU 9,072,000 7,257,600 2
Store premixes according to supplier’s
5
Vitamin D3 , IU 2,993,760 2,993,760 recommendations and observe ‘use
by’ dates to ensure vitamin activity is
Vitamin E, g 22.7 18.1 maintained. Inclusion of antioxidant
may improve premix stability.
Vitamin K (menadione), g 3.2 2.3 3
Vitamin and mineral recommendations
Thiamin (B1), g 2.0 2.3 vary according to activity.
4
Where heat treatment is applied to
Riboflavin (B2), g 6.0 5.0 diet, higher levels of vitamins may be
Niacin (B3) , g 6
36.3 27.2 required. Consult with vitamin supplier
regarding stability through individual
Pantothenic acid (B5), g 9.1 7.3 production processes.
5
A proportion of Vitamin D3 can
Pyridoxine (B6), g 4.1 3.6 be supplemented as 25-hydroxy
D3 according to supplier’s
Biotin (B7), mg 90.7 68.0 recommendations and applicable
Folic acid (B9), g 0.9 0.8 limits.
6
Higher levels of Niacin are
Cobalamine (B12), mg 20.9 20.9 recommended in alternative systems.
Choline7, g 99.8 99.8
7
Inclusion may require adjustment
when other dietary sources are
Manganese , g 8
100 81.6 considered.
8
Greater bioavailability and productivity
Zinc8, g 100 72.6 may be possible with use of chelated
Iron8, g 65 36.3 mineral sources.

Copper , g 8
20 7.3
Iodine, g 2.5 1.1
Selenium8, g 0.3 0.20

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Feed Particle Size (Grist)
A sieve shaker separates a feed sample into categories based on particle size.
• Use on the farm to check feed particle size from the feed mill—sample taken on delivery or from feed bins.
• Use to assess the uniformity of feed particle size throughout the feeding system—samples are taken from various points.

Too many fine feed particles:

• Feed intake decreases because birds
demonstrate a preference for a specific
particle size
• Dust in house increases
• May lead to feather pecking

Too many coarse feed particles:

• Birds selectively eat large particles
• Risk of feed separation increases Hy-Line Sieve Shaker
• Separation of large particles is a particular
problem with flat chain feeders.

OPTIMAL FEED PARTICLE PROFILE

PARTICLE SIZE STARTER GROWER DEVELOPER PRODUCTION
< 1 mm < 15% < 15% < 15%
1–3 mm diameter,
1–2 mm crumble feed should 45–60% 25–35% 20–30%
2–3 mm contain < 10% fine feed 10–25% 25–40% 30–40%
particles
> 3 mm – 5–10% 10–15%

For more information, see the “Feed Granulometry” technical update at www.hyline.com.

Best Practices
• A 3–4 hour gap between mid-day feedings allows time for birds to consume fine particles.
• Add a minimum of 0.5% liquid oil / fat in meal diets to incorporate and retain small particles in feed.
• Use larger particle size meal or crumble to increase intakes in hot climates.
• Use a crumble starter feed to promote good feed intake.
• Use a coarse mash feed for grower, developer, pre-lay and layer.

Calcium Particle Size

PARTICLE STARTER, WEEKS WEEKS WEEKS WEEKS
GROWER, PRE-LAY
SIZE 17–37 38–48 49–62 63+
DEVELOPER
Fine (0–2 mm) 100% 50% 50% 45% 40% 35%

Coarse (2–4 mm) – 50% 50% 55% 60% 65%

• The appropriate particle size depends on the solubility of limestone.

• Dietary calcium levels may need to be adjusted based on limestone solubility.
• Limestone dark in color is geologically older, containing more impurities (typically magnesium) and is generally lower in
solubility and calcium availability.
• Oyster shell and other marine shells are good sources of soluble calcium.

Fine calcium (0–2 mm) Coarse calcium (2–4 mm)

Photos courtesy of Longcliff Quarries Ltd.

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Preventing Floor Eggs in Aviary/ Barn Systems
• Rear pullets in compatible aviary or barn systems. Nests
• Train pullets to jump early, by giving access to the aviary • Ensure there is sufficient nest space (6 birds per nest or 100
system by 15 days of age. In floor operations, provide birds per yd2 in colony nests) and that hens are using all
perches or elevated slats. the nests. Partition the house if it appears only a few nests
• Light should be evenly distributed within the house, are being used.
avoiding areas of shadows. Use bulbs with good light • Make sure nests are easy to access. Any obstructions
dispersion to eliminate dark spots under feeders and in should be removed.
corners. • Nests should be dark, secluded, warm, and free of air
• Lighting in the house should keep the entrance to the nests drafts.
well lit, but keep the inside of nests dark. • Nests should have a perching area near the entrance to
• Eliminate corners, where hens like to lay eggs. allow for examination and easy access by females.
• Feed lines should not be directly in front of nests.
NEST TRAINING • In aviary systems with nest boxes not on the top level,
• In barn systems having automatic colony nests, open nest position water lines in front of nests and in lower levels.
boxes and lift a few curtains to encourage nest exploration • Do not place the water lines on levels above the nest boxes,
from the first day after transfer. as this will increase the risk of eggs being laid outside
• Train females to use nests by frequent walks through the nests.
house in the morning for the first 8 weeks after birds are • Turn nest lights on 1–1.5 hours before house lights are
moved to the production house. turned on to attract females. Turn nest lights off 1 hour
• While walking, move birds away from resting areas, after house lights come on. Rope lights work well in this
out of corners and toward nests. application.
• In aviary systems, walk the birds in the evening to prevent • Discontinue nest light usage after 26 weeks of age.
birds from sleeping on the floor. • False walls or partitions (perpendicular to nests and spaced
• It is important that all birds are within the aviary system or every 16–23 ft) may reduce overcrowding in nests.
on the slats in barn systems before lights go off. Manually • Close nests at night. Do not allow birds to sleep in nests.
place floor birds in the system until they are trained to • Replace worn nest floor mats.
sleep in the system.
• If aviary has capacity to lock birds in at night, this should be A good nest floor mat:
done during the transition period to teach birds to lay in the • Provides comfort for nesting female
nests. Do not open aviary doors until birds are consistently • Cushions egg to prevent damage
laying in the nest. • Keeps egg clean
• During the first week of production, leave a few eggs in the • Separates dirt and feathers from
nest to encourage females to use nests. egg surfaces
• Collect floor eggs frequently. Floor egg collection must be • Allows egg to roll easily to egg belt
done more frequently at the beginning of lay. Birds will lay
eggs on the floor if other eggs are present.
• Be sure all floor eggs are removed before lights go out at HOUSE MANAGEMENT
night. • Start layers with no litter in scratch areas. If using litter, use
• Place perches on slats in houses with a combination of < 2 in and remove any excess litter.
slats and litter areas. • Flocks housed in all-slat production houses should also be
reared on slat or wire floors.
• Solid perches above water and feed lines are preferred.
• Feed and water lines should not block the movement of
females to nests.
• Drinkers and perches in front of nests encourage bird
movement toward nests.
• Schedule feed lines to run as soon as birds are awake and
again after most eggs have been laid. Do not disturb the
hens during peak egg laying time.
• Programming lights to encourage birds to sleep on the
slatted area or within the aviary system will help prevent
floor eggs.

Open nest boxes and pull open a few curtains on nests

after transfer for birds to explore and become accustomed
to nests. Slats can be inclined to the nest opening to make
access easier.

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Management of Aviary Flocks
Lighting for Aviary Flocks—Simulating
Sunrise and Sunset
• 30 minutes before the scheduled time for house lights to
turn off, turn off the lights at the floor level. 15 minutes
later, turn lights off at the second level and finally the
top level. This simulation of sunset within the house
brings the birds up into the system to sleep on the upper
roosting level.
• In the morning, this lighting sequence is reversed to
bring birds down from the upper level to nests, feed and
water.
• Rope lighting within the system works well for this
application.

Aviary systems typically have the upper level as a resting/

sleeping area. Use a sequential lighting program to
encourage birds up into the system at night.

Curtains may be provided to create suitable nesting areas

within the aviary system.

In aviary systems, birds have freedom to move between

areas for nesting, feeding and resting.

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Litter Management
Litter is used in a poultry house to dilute manure, absorb moisture and provide bird welfare, like the opportunity to dust bathe.
A number of substrates are used as litter in poultry houses. Birds can express foraging and scratching behaviors on litter.
The ideal litter should be absorbent, non-caking, non-toxic and resist mold growth. It should have high carbon levels to make
it easily compostable. Use 2 inches of litter in laying houses. The key aspect of litter management is moisture control. Litter
moisture above 30% can result in excessive ammonia in the house and allow the growth of pathogenic microorganisms. Any
type of litter material could have the potential for salmonella contamination.
Common litter types: Sand
• Sand or gravel up to 8 mm granule size Advantages:
• Wood shavings • Reduces bacterial growth in the house compared to organic
• Wheat, spelt, rye straw litter substrates.
• Bark mulch • Lower surface temperature.
• Coarse wood chips • Allows for dust bathing behavior.
• Rice hulls Disadvantages:
• Sand is destructive to machinery.
Litter selection is a balance • Sand recycling system may need to be purchased.
of animal welfare, costs
and egg sanitation. Each • Difficult to remove from the house and clean.
litter substrate has benefits • More attention to floor temperature is needed.
and weakness to its use. It
is important to expose the Wood Shavings
flock to litter during the pullet Wood shavings should be made from soft wood trees.
period. Birds exposed to litter Shavings from hardwood may splinter, injuring the bird.
at an early age (first 2 weeks (Sawdust as litter is less absorbent than wood shavings and
of life) have less incidence of tends to cake when wet.)
pecking behavior.
Advantage:
• A common litter material with good moisture absorbancy
Keys to Maintaining Dry Litter that is compostible.
• Use a good litter material with high moisture absorbency. Disadvantage:
• Maintain sufficient minimum ventilation rate in the • May increase incidence of feather pecking.
house.
• Maintain leak-free water systems, replace leaking
nipples and maintain proper water level in bell drinkers. Straw
Straw from barley, Bermuda grass, flax, oat, wheat or rye can
• Maintain proper drinker height and water pressure to
prevent water spillage. be used. Wheat straw is the most common. Straw should be
chopped to 1 inch or less.
• Ensure good drainage of rain water away from the
house. Advantage:
• Remove caked litter frequently and replace with clean • Absorbs more moisture than wood shavings.
dry litter.
Disadvantages:
• Occasionally rake the litter to keep it friable and prevent
caking. Encourage the birds to break up litter by placing • Incidence of caking is higher in straw compared to wood
small amounts of whole grain into litter. shavings or bark. This caking can cause foot pad lesions.
• Remove extra litter to prevent floor eggs and maintain • Use of straw may increase incidence of feather pecking.
good air quality (less dust).
Bark Mulch or Wood Chips
Similar to wood shavings.
Grit
Advantage:
Grit is given to the flock to increase development of the
crop and gizzard. Grit improves gizzard function to grind up • Good moisture holding capacity.
ingested forage material and increases the digestibility of Disadvantages:
nutrients in the feed. There are two types of grit: soluble and
• Particles more than 1 inch in size lead to excessive caking.
insoluble.
• Excessive moisture can lead to mold problems.
• Soluble grit—Soluble grit is added to every poultry diet in
the form of limestone or oyster shell. Other marine shells PARTICLE
can be used as soluble grit as well. To ensure proper shell AGE SIZE OF AMOUNT
formation and to reduce the risk of soft bones, soluble GRIT
grit should be added to the diet at Hy-Line recommended
levels. < 3 Weeks 0.2 mm 0.22 lb /100 birds in feed
• Insoluble grit—Insoluble or flint grit is an indigestible stone 6–11 Weeks 3–5 mm 0.44 lb / 100 birds in feed
that is either added to the diet or picked up while foraging.
0.88 lb / 100 birds in feed
11–16 Weeks 5–6 mm
or separate feeders
Layers 6–8 mm 1.54 lb / 100 birds / week

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Feather Pecking Tips for Preventing Excessive Feather
Birds have a social hierarchy called the pecking order.
Pecking Behavior
Some pecking is normal behavior to establish a stable
social structure. Birds also spend a significant portion Prevention measures taken during the rearing and early
of the day foraging for food. Environments that are not laying periods are more effective than in older flocks
suitable for the expression of these normal behaviors can already exhibiting excessive feather pecking behavior.
lead to excessive feather pecking, and in extreme cases, • Match rearing and laying house environments as
cannibalism of other birds. closely as possible. Provide plenty of perch space in
both.
• Nutritional deficiencies can lead to feather pecking. A
• Provide the recommended levels of light intensity
well-balanced diet based on Hy-Line recommendations
in the house. In flocks exhibiting excessive feather
will ensure dietary needs are met. Low protein and amino
pecking behavior, reduce light intensity to try to calm
acid imbalance, particularily methionine, can cause
the flock.
feather pecking. Similiarly, low salt and calcium in feed
can create cravings for these nutrients and result in more • Check the diet adequacy, paying particular attention to
pecking behavior. energy, protein, sulfur-containing amino acids, salt and
calcium.
• Overcrowding the bird’s floor, feeder, water and nest
space can cause increased feather pecking. • Reduce bird density, if possible. Reduce bird group size
with the use of partitions.
• Loud noises cause stress, which leads to piling or feather
pecking. Maintain equipment and check belts regularly to • Minimize heat stress during the summer months. For
ensure proper function. more information, see the “Understanding Heat Stress
in Layers” technical update at www.hyline.com.
• High light intensity or sudden changes in the lighting
program can cause piling. Flickering of the lights for any • Enrich the house environment by adding bales of
reason, such as a generator test, can cause piling as well. alfalfa on the floor, or add attractions like hanging
string, plastic bottles or other toys to occupy birds’
• Litter substrates, such as fine-particle wood shavings
attention.
or sawdust, may lead to increased incidence of feather
pecking. • Encourage more foraging behavior in barn systems
by adding small amounts of grain into the litter in the
• Low fiber, fine textured or pelleted feed reduces the bird’s
afternoon.
feeding time and might encourage more feather pecking.
• Add additional perches to provide more safe resting
• Sudden changes in feed ingredients or feed particle size
areas.
can increase pecking behavior.
• Quickly remove injured and dead birds from the flock.
• Large flock sizes have a less stabile social structure and
Remove any birds displaying aggressive pecking and
are more likely to have excessive feather pecking.
cannabalistic behavior.
• Pecking around the preen gland (near the tail) may
• Keep houses in good repair, eliminating loose wires,
indicate low salt in the diet or, in pullets 3–6 weeks of
sharp edges and areas where birds can be caught.
age, might be an indication of infectious bursal disease.
• Ensure that nests are dark and safe for hens to lay
• Poor beak trimming can lead to pecking injuries.
eggs without intrusion by other birds. Many pecking
• The use of nipple drinkers may reduce feather pecking. injuries to the vent occur in the nest when the vent is
temporarily protruded after laying an egg.

Piling and Smothering

• Birds may pile without a discernable cause. Identifying
time periods when birds tend to gather or pile can
provide important clues to identify the reason for piling.
Walking the house during these times may prevent piling
and smothering.
• Panic in the flock, caused by predator attacks or heavy
rodent populations, can result in piling.
• Hot areas in the house environment can cause piling.
• Sunlight shining directly into the house creating bright
spots on the floor can cause birds to pile.
• Round off corners to prevent birds from congregating
there.
• Install partitions to reduce piling in some nest boxes.
• Hens tend to gather together naturally during resting
and sleeping, or when frightened. When these behaviors
become exaggerated, piling/smothering can occur.
• Playing music in the house may keep birds calm and less Nest partitions placed perpendicular to the
reactive to sounds. nests and spaced every 16–23 feet reduces
• An afternoon feeding before lights go out will spread overcrowding in nests.
birds out in the house.

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Disease Control
A flock of pullets or layers can only perform up to its genetic • Houses and equipment should be designed to minimize
potential when disease influence is minimized. The effects the number of harborages, and pest-proofing features
of disease can vary from a subclinical one on performance should be incorporated wherever possible. In the case of
to serious levels of mortality. The diseases of economic red mite, equipment such as feeders, nest boxes, perch
importance differ widely between locations but, in every frames, etc., should be designed to minimize the number
case, the challenge is to identify and control them. of cracks and crevices as these are typical resting areas.
• Use products with different active ingredients on a cyclical
Biosecurity basis to reduce the risk of resistance developing. This is
particularly important in the case of red mite control. It is
Biosecurity is the best method of avoiding disease. A good
important not to assume that poor levels of control are
biosecurity program identifies and controls the most likely
due to product resistance—in most cases unsatisfactory
ways a disease can enter the farm.
performance is due to shortcomings of the operator rather
• The most biosecure system is all-in/all-out, with complete than the product.
cleaning and disinfection between flocks.
• Human and equipment movement onto the farm should be
Disinfection
strictly controlled.
• Visitors to the farm should be limited to those essential for Cleaning and disinfection of the house between flocks
its operation. reduces infection pressure for the next flock.
• Visits should be documented in a logbook. • Allow a minimum of 2 weeks down time between flocks.
• All visitors and workers should shower at a central • All feed, manure and litter should be removed from the
location before entering. house before cleaning.
• Anyone who has visited another poultry facility within the • Thoroughly clean air inlets, fan housing, fan blades and
last 48 hours should not be permitted access. fan louvres.
• Clean boots, clothing and head cover should be provided • Heating the house during washing improves the removal
for everyone working on or visiting the farm. of organic matter.
• Clean footbaths containing approved disinfectants should • The house should be cleaned of organic matter wiht a
be placed outside the entries to all poultry houses. high-pressure spray of warm water.
• If possible, avoid using outside crews or equipment for • Use foam/gel detergent to soak into organic matter and
vaccination, moving and beak treatment. equipment.
• Ideally, workers should be limited to a single house. • Wash the upper portion of the house before the pit.
• The number of flocks visited in one day should be limited • Use high-pressure warm water to rinse.
and the progression should be from younger to older • After it is fully dry, apply foam/spray disinfectant followed
flocks and from healthy to sick flocks. After visiting a sick by fumigation.
flock, no other flock should be visited. • Flush and sanitize water lines.
• The removal of old flocks from the farm is a time when • Monitoring of poultry houses for presence of Salmonella,
disease can be introduced, as trucks and crews have often particularly Salmonella enteritidis, by routine
visited other farms. environmental testing is recommended.
• A single-aged rearing farm using an all-in, all-out principle • Spills of feed and broken eggs, etc., should be cleaned
is best to prevent transmission of disease from older flocks up promptly; trash and clutter should not be allowed to
to younger, susceptible flocks. accumulate either inside or outside the house.
• Farm Assurance schemes usually require you to have a
plan in place describing what biosecurity precautions you Vertically Transmitted Diseases
follow. • Some diseases are known to be transmitted from infected
• All houses should be designed to prevent exposure of the breeders to their progeny.
flock to wild birds, insects and rodents. • Disease-free breeders
• Quickly and properly dispose of dead chickens. are the first step in the
control of these diseases
at the commercial level.
Rodents • All breeders directly
under Hy-Line
Rodents are known carriers of many poultry diseases and International’s control
they are the most common reason for re-contamination are free of lymphoid
of a cleaned and disinfected poultry facility. They are also leukosis, Mycoplasma
responsible for house-to-house spread of disease on a farm. gallisepticum,
• The farm should be free of debris and tall grass that might Mycoplasma synoviae, Salmonella pullorum, Salmonella
provide cover for rodents. gallinarum and Salmonella enteritidis.
• The perimeter of each house should have a 3.3 ft wide area • Due to the possibility of horizontal transmission of any of
of crushed rock or concrete to prevent rodents burrowing these diseases, later generations may not remain free.
under the house. • It is the responsibility of the breeding stock and
• Feed and eggs should be stored in rodent-proof areas. commercial flock owner to prevent horizontal transmission
of these diseases and continue testing to be assured of a
• Bait stations should be placed throughout the house and
negative status.
maintained with fresh rodenticide.

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Internal Parasites
(Check local regulations regarding treatment and prevention of internal parasites)
Internal parasites cause damage to the bird’s intestinal tract and reduce the absorption of feed nutrients. This may result in
a variety of problems including:
• Loss of shell strength, yolk, color and egg size.
• Poor body weight gain leading to unevenness or stunted birds.
Affected birds may be dull and show pale combs.
• Increased cannibalism through vent pecking due to straining.
• Death, in very heavy infestations.
• Internal parasites can make birds more susceptible to disease or
worsen an existing disease condition.
• Worm populations can increase rapidly in the flock. Consult with
a veterinarian for an appropriate parasite control program.
• Internal parasite infestations should be monitored by necropsy
of cull birds and microscopic examination of feces for worm egg
counts.

There are three important worms that may cause problems in

barn-reared birds:
Ascarids (roundworms) is a common parasite of barn-
Roundworms (Ascaridia galli) reared birds. Light infestations can rapidly become
• These are the largest and most common. They are white, up to heavy infestations. Photo courtesy Dr. Yuko Sato, Iowa
2 in long and can be visible in droppings in heavy infestations. State University.
• The roundworm life cycle is 21 days. Repeated treatments 21
days apart are needed to eliminate a heavy infestation.
• Ascarid eggs may be eaten by insects, which spread the
infestation when eaten by birds.

Hairworms or Threadworms (Capillaria)

• These are much smaller (hair-like) and are barely visible with
the naked eye but can cause significant damage even in only
moderate infestations.
• Capillaria worms can infest the crop, esophagus and intestine.
• Eggs become infective in 4–6 weeks in feces.
• Some species of capillaria use the earthworm as an intermediate
host to complete its life cycle.

Caecal worms (Hetarakis gallinarum) Cecal worms (Heterakis) can carry the bacteria
• Hetarakis worms spend most of their time in the ceca, located (Histomonas meleagridis) responsible for the disease
at the lower end of the intestine. They cause no obvious harm in called Blackhead. Photo courtesy Dr. Yuko Sato, Iowa
themselves, but can carry another parasite called Histomonas State University.
meleagridis, the cause of Blackhead.
• Effective control of cecal worms provides good protection against Blackhead. Heterakis eggs can survive three years.
• Birds become infected by picking up worm eggs from litter, soil and feces.
• The worm eggs need warm, moist conditions to develop outside the bird, which is why problems are frequently worse in
the spring and summer, especially following a wet spring.
• Worm infestation in the flock can be identified by examination of feces and culled birds, or worm egg counts on pool
fecal samples taken from the flock.
• Routine worm counts on droppings samples are recommended to monitor infection levels.
• Effective control is aimed at breaking the cycle of infection.
• Removal of heavily contaminated soil around the house between flocks can reduce exposure to worm eggs.

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Internal Parasites (continued)
(Check local regulations regarding treatment of internal parasites)
COCCIDIA Brachyspira
This parasitic infection of the intestines may lead to gut Brachyspira pilosicoli, previously known as Serpulina or
damage and, in severe infestations, death. More commonly, Treponema pilosicoli, is an intestinal spirochaete that can
poor control of sub-clinical infection reduces feed conversion be associated with inflammation of the large intestine in a
or leaves pullets with chronic, irreversible gut damage. Pullet broad range of mammals and birds.
flocks may be uneven or underweight at housing and not
perform to their full potential in lay. Birds in aviary and barn • It has been associated with typhilitis (inflamed caecae),
systems must have resistance to coccidiosis through the diarrhea (yellow and frothy), reduced egg production and
use of coccidiostats or by vaccination. Control of coccidia egg shell soiling in chickens.
includes the following measures (check local regulations): • Other related organisms can be present without causing
adverse effects (Brachyspira innocens) or varying
• Use ionophores or chemicals on a step-down dosing
severity of adverse effects (Brachyspira intermedia and
program will protect the bird from coccidiosis and allow
occasionally Brachyspira hyodysenteriae, the cause of
stimulation of immunity in pullets.
swine dysentery).
• Live vaccine use is preferred to anti-coccidial drug
• An abundance of frothy yellowish feces is often
treatments. Vaccines are administered in the hatchery or
considered to be an indication of Brachyspira infection.
at chick placement in the rearing house.
• As with other intestinal infections, correct nutrition,
• Control of flies and beetles, which are vectors of coccidia
good water hygiene and avoidance of standing water are
spread.
important control measures.
• Thorough cleaning and disinfection of houses reduces
• Laboratory diagnosis of infection is based on culture or
challenge pressure.
PCR of pooled fecal samples or microscopic examination
• Limit bird access to manure belts. of ceca.
• Cocci vaccines require cycling by contact to manure; • Affected flocks can be given antibiotic treatment (check
discuss this with the vaccine manufacturer. local relations concerning antibiotic use).
• The eggs of coccidia (oocytes) sporulate and become
infectious best when conditions are hot and humid.

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External Parasites
Northern Fowl Mite (Ornithonyssus sylviarum)
Northern fowl mite is another common ectoparasite of chickens.
These mites feed on blood and skin cells of the chicken and can
cause significant losses of productivity and health with heavy
infestations. Northern fowl mite is usually found on the downy
feathers surround the cloaca (vent). They live on the bird for
their entire life, but can survive off the bird for three weeks. Mites
can be found on eggs, egg belts and on poultry workers when
infestations are severe. There can be increased susceptability
of some individual birds to infestations while other birds are
unaffected. Infested birds can be identified by finding characteristic
dark areas on the feathers around the vent made up of mites, dead
mites, dried blood and skin cells.

Signs of Northern Fowl Mite/Red Mite Infestation

• Flocks that are nervous with increased feather and vent pecking
behavior.
Northern fowl mites live on the feathers surrounding
• Feed intake may be depressed. the vent area. Photo courtesy Dr. Bradley Mullens,
• Heavy mite infestation can depress egg production by up to 5%. University of California, Riverside.

• Heavy infestations cause birds to become anemic due to blood

loss. These birds will be evident in the flock by their pale combs,
and mortality may increase.
• There may be loss of shell or yolk color.
• Increased soiling of eggshells with mite feces may lead to
downgrading of eggs.
• There may be an increase in floor eggs, as birds will be reluctant
to use infested nests.
• Egg collectors may experience skin irritation from mites.

Controlling Northern Fowl Mite

• Life cycle is 4–5 days, so outbreaks can occur rapidly.
• Pesticide treatments do not kill eggs, so repeat
treatments are needed for good control. Mites feed on blood and skin cells, causing irritation
and loss of productivity. Photo courtesy Dr. Bradley
• Sulfur treatment of the environment or through feed
Mullens, University of California, Riverside.
has been reported to have a good effect on controlling
northern fowl mites.
• The pesticide must pentrate the feathers to be effective.
Sprays should be delivered at 125 PSI and be directed
to the vent area. Dust baths utilizing powder containing
insecticide can be used. Individual birds can be dipped
into room temperature pesticide solutions.

Northern Fowl Mite/Red Mite Treatments

(check local regulations regarding mite treatment)
• Pyrethroids—A manmade chemical that causes paralysis and
death in insects. As this is a common treatment, resistant
varieties of mites exist throughout the world.
• Organophosphates, carbamates—Interferes with acetylcholine
transmission in insects; results in death of the mite. Normally
ingested by the parasite, there are types ingested by the birds Mites can be found on eggs and egg belts. Photo
that are passed to the mite when birds are bitten. courtesy Dr. Bradley Mullens, University of California,
• Vegetable oil—Apply oil directly to the chicken to treat mites Riverside.
(impractical solution for large operations).
• Mineral-based products (both liquid sand dusts)—Can be applied
to the floor and walls of the house to prevent the spread of mites.
• Diatomaceous earth products—These kill mites by absorbing
the lipids from the exoskeleton and causing dehydration. Unlike
pesticides, there is no development of resistance with these
products.

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External Parasites (continued)
Red Mite (Dermanyssus gallinae)
Red mite is an important external parasite in laying flocks in Controlling Red Mite
all systems of management. Red mites are nocturnal blood • Breaking the cycle of re-infection when the house is
feeders that hide during the day in dark, secluded areas empty is the most effective approach.
in the house. Red mites multiply rapidly in warm summer • Treat the house between flocks, immediately after the
months. Even light infestations create irritation, leading to birds are removed from the house while the red mites
poor performance and feed intake. More severe infestations are still active.
can lead to some or all of the following:
• Use approved and effective products that have been
• Flocks that are nervous with increased feather and vent properly applied, to reach into all crevices on
pecking behavior. equipment, walls, slats and nest boxes.
• Feed intake may be depressed. • Use a fan nozzle to produce a flat spray.
• Heavy mite infestation can depress egg production by up • Do not mix pesticides with disinfectants, unless
to 5%. recommended by the manufacturer.
• Red mites can live off a host without feeding for up to 6
• Heavy infestations cause birds to become anaemic due to
months. Houses may require multiple treatments to
blood loss. These birds will be evident in the flock by their
eliminate infestation. Filling cracks or holes in the house
pale combs. If severely affected, mortality may increase.
or equipment will limit potential red mite areas in the
• There may be loss of shell or yolk color. house.
• Increase soiling of eggshells with mite feces, which may • Apply treatments at night when red mites are most
lead to downgrading of eggs. effective.
• There may be an increase in floor eggs, as birds will be • Rotate pesticide products to avoid mites developing
reluctant to use infested nests. resistance.
• Egg collectors may experience skin irritation from red • Monitor the house and birds during the life of the flock
mites. and provide prompt treatment when red mites are
observed.
• Treatment to break the red mite life cycle, which is 10
days. A three treatment program (on days 0, 10 and 20)
is effective.

Red mite (Dermanyssus gallinae).

Image Credit
Sakdoctor (username). “Dermanyssus gallinae mite.” 21 June 2007.
Online image. Wikimedia Commons. 18 September 2015.https://upload.
wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0f/Dermanyssus_gallinae_mite.
jpg. Creative Commons license at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/
by-sa/2.5.

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Vaccination Recommendations
Vaccination
Certain diseases are too widespread or difficult to eradicate and require a routine vaccination program. In general, all layer
flocks should be vaccinated against Marek’s disease, Newcastle disease (NDV), infectious bronchitis (IB), infectious bursal
disease (IBD or Gumboro), avian encephalomyelitis (AE) and fowl pox.
A single program cannot be recommended for all regions. Follow label instructions provided by the vaccine manufacturer.
Use only approved vaccines. Consult with local veterinarians to determine the best vaccination program for your area.

BASIC COMMERCIAL LAYER VACCINE APPLICATIONS

WEEKS OF AGE
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16

Marek’s disease • All commercial layers should be vaccinated with Marek’s

vaccine in hatchery
• Rispens or Rispens / HVT vaccine preferred
• HVT / SB1 used in low challenge areas

IBD, Gumboro • Given between days 15–18, 21–25, 28–32, IBD live
vaccinations based on maternal antibody decline and
field challenge
• Drinking water vaccination preferred
• HVT—IBD vector vaccine available for hatchery
administration

Newcastle disease, moderate challenge areas, no velogenic Newcastle present

• Use Newcastle-bronchitis combination vaccines
• 2–3 live vaccinations using multiple IB serotypes build
cross-protective immunity (if serotypes have been
identified in the area)
• Last live vaccination should be administered as a spray
• Live boosting vaccinations every 30–60 days during
production period may be needed to maintain high immunity
Infectious bronchitis • Use Newcastle-bronchitis combination vaccines
• 2–3 live vaccinations using multiple IB serotypes build
cross-protective immunity (if serotypes have been
identified in the area)
• Last live vaccination should be administered as a spray
• Live boosting vaccinations every 30–60 days during
production period may be needed to maintain high
immunity

Avian encephalomyelitis • Given once between 6 and 15 weeks to prevent egg drops
• Given via drinking water or often combined with fowl pox
OR vaccine as a wing-web inoculation

Fowl pox • 1 or 2 vaccinations

• Vaccination in birds less than 6 weeks should use highly
attenuated fowl pox vaccine or pigeon pox
• Use pigeon pox with fowl pox to provide better
cross-protection
• Most outbreaks due to poor vaccination technique
• For more information, see the “Fowl Pox in Layers”
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 technical update at www.hyline.com
WEEKS OF AGE

Live hatchery vaccines, given subcutaneous Live vaccines, administered via wing-web inoculation
Live vaccines, administered by drinking water, spray Inactivated vaccines, injected via intramuscular or
or eyedrop subcutaneous route

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Vaccination Recommendations (continued)
OPTIONAL COMMERCIAL LAYER VACCINE APPLICATIONS
Use if these diseases are prevalent in the area. Follow label instructions provided by the vaccine manufacturer. Use only
approved vaccines. Consult a local veterinarian for advice in designing an effective vaccination program for your farm.

WEEKS OF AGE
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16

Infectious coryza • 2 vaccinations separated by 4 weeks

• Autogenous bacterins utilizing local isolates are
sometimes used

Fowl cholera • 2 vaccinations separated by 4 weeks

• Autogenous bacterins utilizing local isolates are
OR OR sometimes used
• Live cholera vaccines such as M-9 or PM-1 are also used

Infectious laryngotracheitis • Eye drop is the preferred method of vaccination

• Do not vaccinate within 7 days of another live respiratory
vaccine
• Many ILT outbreaks are due to unwanted spread of ILT vaccine
• ILT-HVT vector vaccine available for hatchery administration
• ILT-pox vector vaccine available
• For more information, see the “Infectious Laryngotracheitis
(ILT)” technical update at www.hyline.com

Mycoplasma gallisepticum, live vaccines • Live vaccines can control economic impact of MG infection
• TS-11, 6 / 85 and F-strain vaccines available
• Use F-strain for stronger protection
• For more information, see the “MG Control in Commercial
Layers” technical update at www.hyline.com

Mycoplasma gallisepticum, inactivated bacterins • Often MG bacterins are in combination with Newcastle
and bronchitis
• For more information, see the “MG Control in
Commercial Layers” technical update at www.hyline.com

Salmonella • Salmonella vaccination reduces colonization of internal

organs and intestinal tract, reduces intestinal shedding
into the environment
• 2 or 3 live vaccinations with modified Salmonella
typhimurium or Salmonella enteritidis strains followed
OR by an inactivated bacterin offers best protection
• Live vaccines provide good protection against strains
within same serogroup and variable protection against
strains of other serogroups
• Inactivated bacterins can provide targeted protection
against a particular strain

Erysipelas • 2 vaccinations separated by 4 weeks

• Bacteria can persist in soil for years
• Autogenous bacterins utilizing local isolates are sometimes
used

E. coli • Live attenuated vaccine recommended for coarse spray

application in the hatchery or in the rearing house the
first few weeks
• Second vaccination at 12-14 weeks
• Can be combined with other live sprayed vaccinations
• For more information, see the “Colibacillosis in Layers”
technical update at www.hyline.com
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
WEEKS OF AGE

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Vaccination Recommendations (continued)
RECOMBINANT HVT VACCINES
Vaccines using recombinant vector technology offer the convenience of hatchery administration with no adverse effects
caused by some live field vaccinations. For the best Marek’s disease protection, use Rispens vaccine in combination with
recombinant HVT vaccine.
CAUTION: Do not use another HVT vaccine when using HVT-vectored vaccines.

WEEKS OF AGE
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16

IBD, Gumboro, HVT vector IBD protective gene (VP2) inserted into non-essential
region of HVT virus
(vHVT—IBD)
• May replace the need for field vaccinations with live
IBD vaccines
• No interference from maternal antibodies
• For more information, see the”Infectious Bursal Disease
(IBD, Gumboro)” technical update at www.hyline.com

Laryngotracheitis, HVT vector ILT protective genes inserted into non-essential region of HVT
(vHVT—ILT) virus
• May reduce need for live vaccination depending on
field challenge
• For more information, see the “Infectious Laryngotracheitis
(ILT)” technical update at www.hyline.com

Laryngotracheitis, Poxvirus vector ILT protective genes inserted into non-essential region of
(vPox-ILT) pox virus
• Replaces field vaccinations for ILT vaccines.
• Combination with AE vaccine available
• Do not give another pox vaccine prior to giving the
vPox-ILT vaccination
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
WEEKS OF AGE

Live hatchery vaccines, given subcutaneous Live vaccines, administered via wing-web inoculation
Live vaccines, administered by drinking water, spray Inactivated vaccines, injected via intramuscular or
or eyedrop subcutaneous route

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Flock Monitoring
WEEKS OF AGE AGES OF BODY WEIGHT MEASUREMENTS
0
0–3 weeks
Bird Handling—BE GENTLE
• Bulk weigh 10 boxes of 10 chicks.
5 • Proper handling of birds during
4–29 weeks body weight measurements, blood
collection, selection, vaccination, and
• Weigh 60–100 birds individually every week. transfer will reduce bird stress and
10 • Calculate uniformity. prevent injuries.
• Hold birds by both legs or both
30–90 weeks
wings.
• Weigh 60–100 birds individually every 5 weeks. • Return birds to cage or floor gently.
15 • Calculate uniformity. • Use experienced personnel that have
been trained in proper procedures of
When handling birds for body weights, assess:
bird handling.
20 • Keel bone—straightness and firmness (see the • Continually observe crews for proper
“Understanding the Role of the Skeleton in Egg handling.
Production” technical update at www.hyline.com)
• Breast muscle score (see p. 9)
25
• Body fat
• External parasites
• Clinical symptoms of disease
30

AGES OF BLOOD COLLECTION

35
For more information, see the “Proper Collection and
Handling of Diagnostic Samples” technical update at
www.hyline.com.
40
Collect 10–20 sera samples per flock for titer
determination.
45 8 weeks
• Assess early vaccination technique and disease
exposure.
50
15 weeks
• Collect sera before transfer to lay house to assess
possible change in disease exposure.
55
• It is common to not send to laboratory and freeze for
future analysis in event of disease outbreak on lay farm. Hold no more than three birds in one
hand.
60 16–24 weeks
• Collect sera at least 4 weeks after final inactivated
vaccination to measure post-vaccination antibody
response.
65
• It is useful to assess disease challenge and response to
inactivated vaccinations after transfer to lay farm.

70
AGES TO MONITOR EGG WEIGHTS

75 Weigh 100 eggs from randomly selected nests. Monitor

egg weights on a specific day of the week within the same
3-hour time frame.
Monitor worm egg counts in pooled fecal samples every
80
month.

85

90

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Egg Quality and Egg Size Distribution
EGG QUALITY EGG SIZE DISTRIBUTION—U.S. STANDARDS
AVERAGE % % EXTRA % % % %
EGG JUMBO LARGE LARGE MEDIUM SMALL PEEWEE
AGE HAUGH BREAKING AGE WEIGHT Over 30 oz. / 27–30 oz. / 24–27 oz. / 21–24 oz. / 18–21 oz. / Under 18 oz.
(weeks) UNITS STRENGTH (weeks) (lbs. / case) dozen dozen dozen dozen dozen / dozen
20 90.6 4490 20 34.0 0.00 0.00 0.03 4.92 49.73 45.32
22 90.3 4480 22 37.0 0.00 0.00 0.76 25.02 61.03 13.19
24 90.1 4470 24 41.0 0.00 0.16 11.84 60.57 26.53 0.90
26 89.8 4450 26 44.0 0.01 2.86 40.35 50.85 5.88 0.05
28 89.5 4430 28 46.0 0.08 7.81 54.55 35.54 2.02 0.01
30 89.2 4410 30 47.0 0.19 11.95 59.12 27.65 1.09 0.00
32 89.0 4390 32 47.0 0.34 16.18 61.00 21.84 0.64 0.00
34 88.7 4360 34 48.0 0.67 21.00 60.05 17.81 0.47 0.00
36 88.4 4340 36 48.0 1.06 25.81 58.93 13.91 0.29 0.00
38 88.1 4330 38 48.0 1.36 28.75 57.73 11.95 0.21 0.00
40 87.8 4320 40 49.0 1.72 31.77 56.15 10.19 0.16 0.00
42 87.6 4310 42 49.0 1.94 33.31 55.23 9.38 0.13 0.00
44 87.3 4300 44 49.0 2.05 34.09 54.74 9.00 0.12 0.00
46 87.0 4290 46 49.0 2.30 35.64 53.70 8.26 0.11 0.00
48 86.7 4280 48 49.0 2.57 37.19 52.58 7.57 0.09 0.00
50 86.5 4270 50 49.0 2.72 37.96 52.00 7.24 0.08 0.00
52 86.2 4260 52 50.0 3.03 39.51 50.78 6.61 0.07 0.00
54 85.9 4250 54 50.0 3.37 41.04 49.53 6.03 0.06 0.00
56 85.6 4240 56 50.0 3.75 42.55 48.17 5.48 0.05 0.00
58 85.4 4230 58 50.0 4.15 44.04 46.78 4.98 0.04 0.00
60 85.1 4220 60 50.0 4.59 45.50 45.36 4.51 0.04 0.00
62 84.8 4210 62 51.0 5.07 46.92 43.90 4.08 0.02 0.00
64 84.5 4200 64 51.0 5.16 48.82 42.65 3.35 0.02 0.00
66 84.3 4190 66 51.0 5.43 49.52 41.86 3.17 0.02 0.00
68 84.0 4170 68 51.0 5.98 50.89 40.27 2.84 0.01 0.00
70 83.7 4150 70 51.0 6.59 52.20 38.67 2.54 0.01 0.00
72 83.4 4130 72 51.0 6.75 54.18 37.05 2.01 0.01 0.00
74 83.2 4110 74 52.0 7.08 54.81 36.21 1.89 0.01 0.00
76 82.9 4090 76 52.0 7.15 55.69 35.38 1.78 0.01 0.00
78 82.6 4070 78 52.0 7.15 56.02 35.28 1.56 0.00 0.00
80 82.3 4050 80 52.0 7.26 56.85 34.42 1.46 0.00 0.00
82 82.1 4030 82 52.0 7.26 56.85 34.42 1.46 0.00 0.00
84 81.8 4010 84 52.0 7.36 58.10 33.37 1.18 0.00 0.00
86 81.5 4000 86 52.0 7.46 58.95 32.49 1.10 0.00 0.00
88 81.2 3980 88 52.0 7.46 58.95 32.48 1.10 0.00 0.00
90 81.0 3960 90 52.0 7.84 59.52 31.61 1.03 0.00 0.00

SHELL COLOR SCORES

Egg shell color is a genetically determined trait but
environmental factors can reduce color. Certain diseases
which infect the shell gland, such as infectious bronchitis
and Egg Drop Syndrome are known to reduce shell color.
Stress can result in the egg being held longer in the shell
gland, resulting in white calcium carbonate deposition on
the egg shell surface. Shell color is gradually reduced with
advancing age.

For more information on egg quality, see the “The Science

of Egg Quality” technical update at www.hyline.com.
05 10 20

38 DECEMBER 2016 • © HY-LINE INTERNATIONAL

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HY-LINE W-80: AVIARY AND WEEKSBARN
OF AGESYSTEMS—NORTH AMERICA EDITION
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Contents
LARGE LARGE MEDIUM SMALL
Egg Size Distribution (continued) Over 73 g 63–73 g 53–63 g 43–53 g

EGG SIZE DISTRIBUTION—U.S. STANDARDS

100

90

80

70
% OF PRODUCTION

60

50

40

30

20

10

0 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 50 52 54 56 58 60 62 64 66 68 70 72 74 76 78 80 82 84 86 88 90
WEEKS OF AGE
JUMBO EXTRA LARGE LARGE MEDIUM SMALL PEEWEE
Over 30 oz / dozen 27–30 oz / dozen 24–27 oz / dozen 21–24 oz / dozen 18–21 oz / dozen Under 18 oz / dozen

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HY-LINE W-80: AVIARY AND BARN SYSTEMS—NORTH AMERICA EDITION
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Growth Curve
5.00
BODY WEIGHT (lb)
4.75

4.50

4.25

4.00

3.75

3.50

3.25

3.00

2.75

2.50

2.25

2.00

1.75

1.50

1.25

1.00

0.75

0.50

0.25

0
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
WEEKS OF AGE
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
5.00

4.75

4.50

4.25

4.00

3.75

3.50

3.25

3.00

2.75

2.50

2.25

2.00

1.75

1.50

1.25

1.00

0.75

0.50

0.25

BODY WEIGHT (lb)

* Blue shaded area represents potential body weight loss during transfer.

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Performance Graph
BODY WEIGHT (lb)

4.5

4.0

3.5

3.0

2.5

2.0
90
85
80
75
Average egg weight (net lb / 30 doz case)
production (%)
Hen-day egg

70
Mortality (%)

65
60
WEEKS OF AGE
Body weight (lb)

50
45
40
35
30
25
18 20 55
100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

HEN-DAY EGG PRODUCTION (%)

MORTALITY (%)
AVERAGE EGG WEIGHT (net lb / 30 doz case)

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Feed Ingredient Table 1

CRUDE PROTEIN (%)

FAT–ether extract (%)

LINOLEIC ACID (%)

DRY MATTER (%)

CRUDE FIBER (%)

CHOLINE (mg/kg)
POTASSIUM (%)
PHOSPHORUS

PHOSPHORUS

CHLORIDE (%)
CALCIUM (%)

SODIUM (%)

SULFUR (%)

ME (kcal/kg)
available (%)

ME (kcal/lb)

ME (MJ/kg)
total (%)
INGREDIENT (as-fed basis)
Barley, grain 89.0 11.5 1.9 5.0 0.08 0.42 0.15 0.03 0.14 0.56 0.15 1250 2750 11.51 1.1 1027
Beans, broad (vicia faba) 89.0 25.7 1.4 8.2 0.14 0.54 0.20 0.08 0.04 1.20 – 1100 2420 10.13 0.9 1670
Calcium carbonate (38%Ca) 99.5 – – – 38.00 – – 0.06 – 0.06 – – – – – –
Canola meal (38%) 91.0 38.0 3.8 11.1 0.68 1.20 0.40 – – 1.29 1.00 960 2110 8.83 0.6 6700
Canola oil 99.0 – 99.0 – – – – – – – – 4000 8820 36.92 20.50 –
Corn, yellow, grain 86.0 7.5 3.5 1.9 0.01 0.28 0.12 0.02 0.04 0.33 0.08 1530 3373 14.12 1.9 1100
Corn gluten feed 88.0 21.0 2.0 10.0 0.20 0.90 0.22 0.15 0.22 1.30 0.16 795 1750 7.32 1.6 2420
Corn gluten meal (60%) 90.0 60.0 2.0 2.5 0.02 0.50 0.18 0.03 0.05 0.45 0.50 1700 3740 15.65 1.8 2200
Distillers dried grains, corn 92.0 27.0 9.0 13.0 0.09 0.41 0.17 0.25 0.07 0.16 0.43 910 2000 8.37 5.05 1850
Cottonseed meal (41%), mech. Extd 91.0 41.0 3.9 12.6 0.17 0.97 0.32 0.04 0.04 1.22 0.40 955 2100 8.79 0.8 2807
Cottonseed meal (41%), direct solv. 90.0 41.0 2.1 11.3 0.16 1.00 0.32 0.04 0.04 1.20 0.42 915 2010 8.41 0.4 2706
Dicalcium phosphate (18.5% P) 99.5 – – – 22.00 18.50 18.50 0.08 – 0.07 – – – – – –
DL-Methionine 99.5 58.1 – – – – – – – – – 2277 5020 21.01 – –
Fat, animal 99.0 – 98.0 – – – – – – – – 3600 7920 33.15 – –
Fat, animal-vegetable blend 98.0 – 92.0 – – – – – – – – 3800 8379 35.07 30.00 –
Fat, vegetable 99.0 – 99.0 – – – – – – – – 4000 8800 36.83 40.00 –
Fish meal, anchovy, Peruvian 91.0 65.0 10.0 1.0 4.00 2.85 2.85 0.88 0.60 0.90 0.54 1280 2820 11.80 0.1 5100
Fish meal, white 91.0 61.0 4.0 1.0 7.00 3.50 3.50 0.97 0.50 1.10 0.22 1180 2600 10.88 0.1 4050
Flaxseed 92.0 22.0 34.0 6.5 0.25 0.50 – 0.08 – 1.50 – 1795 3957 16.56 54.00 3150
Linseed meal flax (expeller) 90.0 32.0 3.5 9.5 0.40 0.80 – 0.11 – 1.24 0.39 700 1540 6.45 0.5 1672
Linseed meal flax (solvent) 88.0 33.0 0.5 9.5 0.35 0.75 – 0.14 – 1.38 0.39 635 1400 5.86 0.1 1760
L-Lysine·HCl 99.5 93.4 – – – – – – – – – 1868 4120 17.24 – –
L-Threonine 99.5 72.4 – – – – – – – – – 1619 3570 14.94 – –
L-Tryptophan 95.0 84.0 – – – – – – – – – 2653 5850 24.49 – –
Meat and bone meal, 50% 93.0 50.0 8.5 2.8 9.20 4.70 4.70 0.80 0.75 1.40 0.40 1150 2530 10.59 0.5 2000
Mono-dicalcium phosphate (21% P) 99.5 – – – 16.00 21.00 – 0.05 – 0.06 – – – – – –
Oats, grain 90.0 11.0 4.0 10.5 0.10 0.35 0.14 0.07 0.12 0.37 0.21 1160 2550 10.67 2.4 1070
Peanut meal, solvent 90.0 47.0 2.5 8.4 0.08 0.57 0.18 0.07 0.03 1.22 0.30 1217 2677 11.20 0.5 1948
Poultry byproduct meal (feed grade) 94.0 57.0 14.0 2.5 5.00 2.70 2.70 0.30 0.55 0.60 0.50 1406 3100 12.98 0.7 5980
Rice bran, unextracted 91.0 13.5 5.9 13.0 0.10 1.70 0.24 0.10 0.07 1.35 0.18 925 2040 8.54 5.2 1390
Rice, grain, rough 89.0 7.3 1.7 10.0 0.04 0.26 0.09 0.04 0.06 0.34 0.10 1335 2940 12.31 0.83 1014
Safflower seed meal, expeller 91.0 20.0 6.6 32.2 0.23 0.61 0.20 0.05 0.16 0.72 0.10 525 1160 4.86 – 800
Salt, NaCl 99.6 – – – – – – 39.34 60.66 – – – – – – –
Sodium bicarbonate, NaHCO3 99.0 – – – – – – 27.38 – – – – – – – –
Sorghum, milo, grain 89.0 11.0 2.8 2.0 0.04 0.29 0.10 0.03 0.09 0.34 0.09 1505 3310 13.85 1.3 678
Soybeans, full-fat, cooked 90.0 38.0 18.0 5.0 0.25 0.59 0.20 0.04 0.03 1.70 0.30 1520 3350 14.02 9.9 2420
Soybean meal, expeller 89.0 42.0 3.5 6.5 0.20 0.60 0.20 0.04 0.02 1.71 0.33 1100 2420 10.13 1.8 2673
Soybean meal, solvent 90.0 44.0 0.5 7.0 0.25 0.60 0.20 0.04 0.02 1.97 0.43 1020 2240 9.38 0.3 2743
Soybean meal dehulled, solvent 88.0 47.8 1.0 3.0 0.31 0.72 0.24 0.04 0.02 2.05 0.43 1115 2458 10.29 0.6 2850
Soybean oil 99.0 – 99.0 – – – – – – – – 4000 8820 36.92 40.00 –
Sunflower meal, expeller 93.0 41.0 7.6 21.0 0.43 1.00 0.25 0.20 0.01 1.00 – 1050 2310 9.67 6.5 –
Sunflower meal, partially dehul, solv. 92.0 34.0 0.5 13.0 0.30 1.25 0.27 0.20 0.01 1.60 0.38 1025 2260 9.46 0.2 1909
Triticale 90.0 12.5 1.5 – 0.05 0.30 0.10 – 0.07 – 0.20 1430 3150 13.18 0.9 460
Wheat, hard grain 88.0 13.5 1.9 3.0 0.05 0.41 0.12 0.06 0.07 0.50 0.10 1440 3170 13.27 1.0 778
Wheat, soft grain 86.0 10.8 1.7 2.8 0.05 0.30 0.11 0.06 0.07 0.40 0.10 1460 3210 13.44 1.0 778
Wheat bran 89.0 14.8 4.0 10.0 0.14 1.17 0.38 0.06 0.14 1.20 0.22 590 1300 5.44 2.1 980
Wheat middlings 89.0 15.0 3.6 8.5 0.15 1.17 0.45 0.06 0.07 0.60 0.16 950 2090 8.75 1.9 1100
Nutrient recommendations are based on calculations using these energy and nutrient values (source: 2015 Feedstuffs
Reference Issue and field data). Values provided are “typical” based on ingredient surveys. Nutrient values should be
confirmed by analysis of the materials being used in order to maintain an accurate formulation matrix.

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Feed Ingredient Table 2
CRUDE LYSINE METHIONINE CYSTINE THREONINE TRYPTOPHAN ARGININE ISOLEUCINE VALINE
PROTEIN (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%)
(%)

Total content

Total content

Total content

Total content

Total content

Total content

Total content

Total content
Digestible

Digestible

Digestible

Digestible

Digestible

Digestible

Digestible

Digestible
content

content

content

content

content

content

content

content
INGREDIENT
(as-fed basis)
Barley 11.5 0.40 0.35 0.18 0.16 0.24 0.21 0.38 0.32 0.14 0.10 0.56 0.48 0.39 0.35 0.55 0.46
Beans, Field 25.7 1.61 1.37 0.18 0.13 0.30 0.20 0.88 0.69 0.22 0.15 2.27 1.97 1.02 0.74 1.15 0.83
Corn 7.5 0.23 0.21 0.16 0.15 0.17 0.15 0.27 0.23 0.06 0.05 0.36 0.34 0.25 0.24 0.35 0.32
Corn Gluten Feed 21.0 0.65 0.47 0.34 0.29 0.44 0.29 0.75 0.57 0.10 0.09 0.96 0.85 0.62 0.51 0.99 0.83
Corn Gluten Meal 60.0 0.99 0.75 1.43 1.26 1.03 0.80 2.00 1.58 0.32 0.21 1.88 1.62 2.39 2.05 2.71 2.30
Dist Dried Grains & Sol, Corn 27.0 0.76 0.57 0.53 0.43 0.50 0.38 1.01 0.72 0.22 0.17 1.16 0.85 0.99 0.83 1.31 1.06
Cottonseed Meal 41.0 1.63 1.06 0.58 0.42 0.65 0.48 1.27 0.86 0.51 0.40 4.67 4.11 1.25 0.89 1.75 1.29
DL-Methionine 58.1 – – 99.00 99.00 – – – – – – – – – – – –
Fish Meal (65%) 65.0 4.67 4.02 1.72 1.48 0.54 0.39 2.61 2.08 0.66 0.52 3.71 3.04 2.60 2.21 3.05 2.53
Fish Meal (61%) 61.0 4.24 3.65 1.57 1.35 0.50 0.36 2.39 1.92 0.60 0.47 3.45 2.83 2.39 2.03 2.82 2.34
Linseed Products 22.0 0.92 0.83 0.39 0.31 0.37 0.29 0.80 0.73 0.33 0.30 1.99 1.83 0.90 0.79 1.07 0.92
L-Lysine·HCl 93.4 78.80 78.80 – – – – – – – – – – – – – –
L-Threonine 72.4 – – – – – – 98.50 98.50 – – – – – – – –
L-Tryptophan 84.0 – – – – – – – – 98.00 98.00 – – – – – –
Meat And Bone Meal 50.0 2.33 1.61 0.65 0.46 0.41 0.20 1.53 0.95 0.29 0.15 3.45 2.66 1.36 0.94 2.02 1.42
Oats 11.0 0.44 0.39 0.18 0.15 0.31 0.26 0.37 0.31 0.15 0.12 0.72 0.67 0.40 0.35 0.54 0.48
Peanut Meal 47.0 1.50 1.14 0.49 0.42 0.59 0.47 1.20 1.02 0.46 0.40 5.19 4.72 1.50 1.34 1.82 1.62
Poultry Byproduct Meal 57.0 3.40 2.72 1.10 0.92 0.72 0.49 2.21 1.70 0.55 0.43 3.78 3.17 2.17 1.74 2.70 2.13
Rapeseed Meal 38.0 1.95 1.56 0.73 0.61 0.92 0.71 1.55 1.13 0.52 0.41 2.32 2.02 1.46 1.15 1.86 1.47
Rice 7.3 0.26 0.21 0.19 0.17 0.17 0.14 0.25 0.20 0.09 0.08 0.57 0.52 0.28 0.23 0.40 0.34
Rice Bran 13.5 0.61 0.45 0.26 0.20 0.27 0.19 0.50 0.34 0.17 0.13 1.05 0.90 0.46 0.35 0.71 0.53
Safflower Meal 20.0 0.59 0.49 0.30 0.26 0.32 0.25 0.62 0.45 0.19 0.15 1.66 1.40 0.70 0.56 1.00 0.81
Sorghum 11.0 0.25 0.23 0.19 0.17 0.19 0.15 0.35 0.29 0.12 0.11 0.41 0.36 0.43 0.38 0.53 0.47
Soybean Expeller 42.0 2.50 2.25 0.58 0.52 0.62 0.51 1.64 1.39 0.52 0.50 2.94 2.73 1.88 1.67 1.99 1.75
Soybean Meal (44%) 44.0 2.71 2.44 0.59 0.54 0.63 0.52 1.73 1.47 0.60 0.54 3.20 2.98 1.99 1.77 2.09 1.84
Soybean Meal (47.8%) 47.8 2.91 2.62 0.64 0.58 0.68 0.56 1.86 1.58 0.64 0.57 3.49 3.24 2.17 1.93 2.26 1.99
Soybean, full-fat 38.0 2.40 2.09 0.54 0.48 0.55 0.43 1.69 1.39 0.52 0.45 2.80 2.52 2.18 1.87 2.02 1.72
Sunflower Meal (34%) 34.0 1.17 1.02 0.74 0.68 0.55 0.44 1.22 1.00 0.45 0.39 2.75 2.56 1.37 1.22 1.65 1.43
Sunflower Meal (41%) 41.0 1.37 1.19 0.88 0.81 0.66 0.53 1.45 1.19 0.54 0.47 3.42 3.18 1.66 1.48 1.99 1.73
Triticale 12.5 0.38 0.33 0.20 0.18 0.27 0.23 0.38 0.33 0.13 0.11 0.61 0.50 0.41 0.38 0.54 0.47
Wheat (13.5%) 13.5 0.36 0.31 0.20 0.19 0.29 0.26 0.38 0.33 0.16 0.14 0.64 0.54 0.45 0.37 0.56 0.50
Wheat (10.8%) 10.8 0.31 0.27 0.17 0.15 0.25 0.22 0.31 0.27 0.14 0.12 0.52 0.44 0.36 0.29 0.46 0.41
Wheat Bran 14.8 0.60 0.43 0.22 0.17 0.30 0.22 0.48 0.35 0.24 0.19 1.00 0.82 0.46 0.36 0.67 0.52
Wheat Middlings 15.0 0.60 0.48 0.23 0.19 0.30 0.22 0.48 0.35 0.21 0.17 1.00 0.80 0.47 0.39 0.69 0.53
Amino acid digestibility is standardized ileal digestibility. Amino acid values are standardized for 88% dry matter (Source: Evonik
AminoDAT® 4.0, 2010). Values provided are “typical” based on ingredient surveys. Nutrient values should be confirmed by analysis of the
materials being used in order to maintain an accurate formulation matrix.

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44 DECEMBER 2016 • © HY-LINE INTERNATIONAL

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DECEMBER 2016 • © HY-LINE INTERNATIONAL 45

 Hy-Line North America Welfare Goals and Principles
To promote animal well-being and produce birds of the highest quality, we adhere to the following
welfare goals and principles. These goals and principles are the essential building blocks for the humane
and professional care of our birds:

• Feed and Water • Husbandry and Handling Practices

Provide access to good quality water and Provide comprehensive care and handling
nutritionally balanced diets at all times procedures that ensure the bird’s well-being
throughout its life
• Health and Veterinary Care
Provide science-based health programs and • Transportation
prompt veterinary care Provide transportation that minimizes travel
time and stress
• Environment
Provide shelter that is designed, maintained and
operated to meet the bird’s needs and to facilitate
daily inspection

RESOURCES
Corporate Information, Technical Updates and Interactive Management Guides available at www.hyline.com
Hy-Line North America LLC www.hylinena.com
Hy-Line International Lighting Program www.hylineweblighting.com
Hy-Line EggCel www.hylineeggcel.com
Hy-Line Bodyweight Uniformity Calculator www.hylinebodyweight.com

TECHNICAL UPDATES
Growing Management of Commercial Pullets
Understanding the Role of the Skeleton in Egg Production
The Science of Egg Quality
An Overview of Focal Duodenal Necrosis (FDN)
MG Control in Commercial Layers
Colibacillosis in Layers: An Overview
Proper Collection and Handling of Diagnostic Samples
Understanding Poultry Lighting: A Guide to LED Bulbs and Other Sources of Light for Egg Producers
Understanding Heat Stress in Layers: Management Tips to Improve Hot Weather Flock Performance
Infrared Beak Treatment
Fowl Pox in Layers
Avian Urolithiasis (Visceral Gout)
Feed Granulometry and the Importance of Feed Particle Size in Layers
Infectious Bursal Disease (IBD, Gumboro)
Impact of Tarp Color on Poultry Lighting
SPIDES (Short Period Incubation During Egg Storage)
Fatty Liver Hemorrhagic Syndrome
Infectious Laryngotracheitis (ILT)
Salmonella, Mycoplasma, and Avian Influenza Monitoring in Parent Breeder Flocks

Hy-Line International | www.hyline.com

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