Structural Design

Guide
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. Introduction & Scope of Manual - page 1
2. Standards Used and Other References - page 2
3. Background - TR019: calculation models for
prefabricated wood based loadbearing stressed
skin panels for use in roofs. - page 3

4. Material Properties - page 4

5. Loading on structural SIP Panel elements and
associated deflections (for SLS) - page 6

6. SIP Roof Panels - page 9

7. Design of SIP roof panels (single span) without
timber “spline” reinforcement. - page 9

8. Design of SIP roof panels (single span) with

timber “spline” reinforcement. - page 14

9. Design of SIP wall panels (single span) without

timber “spline” reinforcement. - page 16

10. Lintels - page 19

11. Racking Resistance - page 19

Annex A: SIP Roof Load-Span Tables - page 21

Annex B: SIP Wall Load-Span Tables - page 36

Annex C Glued SIP-Lintels Tables - page 38

Sips Eco Panels Design Guide

1. Introduction & Scope of Manual
1.1 This Design Manual has been prepared by Tim Kelly Consulting Engineers Ltd. on
behalf of Sips Eco Panels as a design aid to Structural Engineers in the structural
design of their Structural Insulated Panels (heretofore known as “SIP panels”). It is
expected that the Structural Engineers shall have a good working knowledge of
Eurocode 0, Eurocode 1 (parts 1, 3 & 4) and Eurocode 5. It is further assumed that
the Structural Engineer is experienced in timber frame / SIP frame design.
1.2 Sips Eco Panels Ltd's SIP panels are a composite, sandwich panel manufactured by
gluing outer skins of OSB/3 to expanded polystyrene insulation (of minimum grade
EPS90).
1.4 The Sips Eco Panels section depths that form the integral part of this document are
119mm, 144mm, 169mm, 194mm and 219mm. This should not exclude other sizes
being added in the future as the calculation methods described within can be readily
adapted for any combination of thickness of OSB skins and EPS insulation.
1.5 The SIP panels described within are currently limited to roof and wall elements.
Glued SIP lintels are also designed and incorporated as part of the wall design.
The “SIP structure” will also include some or all of the following elements:
1.5.1. Solid timber ceiling ties.
1.5.2 Internal solid timber stud walls (studs typically at 600mm or 400mm crs.) as per
structural engineers design and specification.
1.5.3. Solid timber or engineered timber floor joists (engineered timber floor joists are
typically proprietary I-joists or open web joists) which are seated on the load-bearing
SIP external wall panels and the solid timber internal load-bearing stud wall panels.
There is typically a rimbeam running around perimeter of floor.
Joists may also be hung from side of SIP panels using proprietary joist hangers such
as Simpson Strong-tie IUQ and HIUQ hangers or similar. The joist hangers must be
allowed by the proprietary hanger manufacturer for this purpose.
1.5.4. Solid timber, engineered timber or steel floor beams and purlins which shall be
designed to adequately resist the applied loading as per normal structural design
principles.
As items described in 1.5.1 to 1.5.4 are not limited to SIP structure and their design is
standard and very well described in numerous publications, this document shall,
henceforth, limit itself to structural design specifically relating to the SIP panels.
1.6 Previously, Sips Eco Panels Structural Design Guidance was based primarily on test
results which were used to produce tables and prescriptive design guides to the
principles of BS 5268 and associated British Standards. The previous design guides
were, thus, limited to the section sizes tested and to use of BS5268. Therefore the
design guide wasn’t “future-proof” as it didn’t allow for differing panel thicknesses or
changing of standards to Eurocodes. There is nothing stopping a designer from
continuing to use the older design guides as long as designs to British Standards is
permitted and assuming that correct design principles are being applied. Principles
such as shear deflection and time dependent designs are critical. The use of tables
which only state “short-term” loading are confusing for an inexperienced designer.

1 Sips Eco Panels Design Guide

 The main objectives of this design guide are as follows:
1.6.1 To allow for a design methodology based, to a much greater extent, on design from
1st principles. This allows for a greater design flexibility in the use of materials and
section depths.
1.6.2 To produce a design guide and accompanying tables to provide a basis for design of
the Sips Eco Panels to Eurocode design. Note that all British Standards conflicting
with Eurocode have now been withdrawn (although it is understood that until 2016 it
is permitted to use either Eurocodes or British Standards. These designs should, as
always, be carried out by a Structural Engineer experienced in the design of SIP
panels.
1.6.3 To include Glued SIP lintel table to the Structural Design Manual (Annex C).

2. Standards Used and Other References

2.1 BS EN 1990: 2002 + A1: 2006 - Basis for Structural Design.
2.2 BS EN 1991: 2002 + A4: 2004 - Action on Structures: Part 1-1:
General actions – densities, self-weight, imposed loads on Buildings.
2.3 BS EN 1991-1-3: 2003 - Actions on Structures: Part 1-3:
Snow loads.
2.4 BS EN 1991-1-4:2005 + A1: 2010 - Actions on Structures: Part 1-4:
Wind loads.
2.5 BS EN 1995-1-1:2004 + A1:2008 - Design of Timber Structures: Part
1-1: General -Common rules and rules for Buildings.
2.6 BS EN 300: 2006 - Oriented Strand Boards (OSB) –
Definitions, Classifications and Specifications.
2.7 BS EN 13163 - Thermal insulation products for
buildings. Factory made expanded polystyrene (EPS) products: Specification.
2.8 BS EN 301:2006 - Adhesives, phenolic and
aminoplastic, for loading bearing timber structures. Classification and performance
requirements

2.9 BS EN 12369-1: 2001 - Wood-based Panels –

Characteristic Value for Structural Design – OSB, particleboard and fibreboards.

2.10 BS EN 338: 2009 - Structural Timber: Strength

Classes.

2 Sips Eco Panels Design Guide

2.11 Non-standard References
2.11.1 TR019 - EOTA Technical Report: calculation models for prefabricated wood
based loadbearing stressed skin panels for use in roofs.
2.11.2 Manual for the Design of Timber Building Structures to Eurocode 5 by TRADA and
I.Struct.E.
2.11.3 Structural design to Eurocode 5 by Jack Porteous and Abdy Kermani.
2.11.4 Sips Eco Panels 119, 169, 194, 219mm Structural Insulated Panels (SIPs): Design
Technical Report for Third Party approval to Eurocode by Milner Associates.
2.11.5 Lightweight Sandwich Construction by JM Davies.

3. Background - TR019: calculation models for prefabricated wood based

loadbearing stressed skin panels for use in roofs.
3.1 There are several types of stressed skin panels presented in TR019. In relation to
SIP panel design, there are 2 of relevance:
3.1.1 Type A - Stressed skin panels, closed box type double skin, without wooden
ribs, with load-bearing insulation (i.e. SIP panels with SIP splines only at panel /
panel connection).
3.1.2 Type B1 - Stressed skin panels, closed box type double skin, with wooden ribs
and load-bearing insulation (although the design methodology for SIP panels with
splines ignores the effect of the insulation in this case. Longer spans may be possible
in the future with clarity on the TR019 design method of sandwich panels with
wooden ribs and load-bearing insulation).
3.2 In all cases, it is critical to the design that the grain / strand direction of timber / OSB
is parallel to the span direction.
3.3 Although TR019 is primarily for use for roof panels, the principles of TR019 and
EN1995-1-1 can be used to design SIP wall panels as will be described in further
detail in Section 9.
3.4 Shear deflection: Due to the relatively low shear modulus (Gc) of the expanded
polystyrene core (which transfers shear loads within the sandwich panel), the shear
deflections in SIP panel design are significant and must be calculated for both the
instantaneous deflection and final deflection stages.
3.5 Creep: The deformation modification factor, kdef for both OSB and Expanded
Polystyrene (EPS) are high and hence the additional deflection due to creep over
time is very often critical. The effect of creep must be applied to both bending and
shear deflections.
In addition, the ultimate limit state design checks (bending, shear, etc) must be
carried out for both the instantaneous response of the material to the applied actions
and the final (re-distributed) response. These are based on the reduced moduli of
elasticity and shear moduli of the outer skin OSB (typically in Service class (SC) 2),
the Inner skin OSB (typically in Service Class (SC) 1) and the EPS core.

3 Sips Eco Panels Design Guide

 Note that the kdef value of OSB in SC1 (1.5) and SC2 (2.25) differ. This means that,
even when the OSB for inner and outer skins are identical, the neutral axis of the SIP
panel at the final (re-distributed) response stage shall not be at mid-depth of the SIP
panel.
3.6 TR019 is based on the Kreuzinger model which shall be described in greater detail in
Section 7.

4. Material Properties
4.1 Outer and inner wood panel skins - These are both 11mm OSB/3 which shall be in
compliance with BS EN 300 and BS EN 12369-1. Both skins are glued to the
expanded polystyrene core in a quality controlled factory process (whereby OSB
/EPS samples are regularly tested to ensure failure does not occur along adhesive
bond-line - samples taken as required to comply with CATG certification).
Material Properties of OSB3 have been used as described in Table 1 below, which
represents the minimum permitted strength and stiffness values (based on BS EN
12369-1: 2001). Only values of relevance to the design of SIP roof panels, SIP wall
panels and glued SIP lintel have been stated.

Table 1: Properties and Density Values for 11mm OSB outer and inner boards

Strength / Stiffness / Density EC5 notation Values and units

Property

Characteristic tension stress ft,0,k 9.4N/mm2

Characteristic compression stress Fc,0,k 15.4N/mm2

Characteristic panel shear stress fv,0,k 6.8N/mm2

Characteristic rolling shear stress fr,k (or fv,r,k) 1.0N/mm2

Characteristic flexural stress fm,0,k 16.4N/mm2

Characteristic density ρk 550kg/m3

Mean modulus of Elasticity (MOE) Et,0,mean & Ec,0,mean 3800N/mm2

Mean Panel modulus of rigidity (shear Gv,mean 1080N/mm2
modulus)

Based on Table 3.2 of EN1995-1-1, the values for kdef (permanent load deformation
modification factor) is as follows:
4.1.1 OSB/3 in Service Class 1 environment = 1.5.
4.1.2 OSB/3 in Service Class 2 environment = 2.25.

4 Sips Eco Panels Design Guide

4.2 Properties of the Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) core:
4.2.1 The core material comprises of expanded polystyrene and is assumed to be of
Strength Class EPS90 or better. The expanded polystyrene should be laid onto the
OSB/3 lower layer (during production) in one piece with a 45mm rebate around the
edges to allow for placement of SIP or timber splines as required by the design.
In cases where it is not possible to place the EPS layer in one piece, the pieces must
be glued together ensuring full glue spread between the abutting pieces.
It should be verified by tensile testing that failure is away from the bond-line, i.e. the
glue has greater strength than the EPS.
Material properties of EPS90 have been used in the design as stated in Table 1
below.

Table 2: Expanded polystyrene EPS90 (min. strength class) Properties

Property notation Values and units

Characteristic panel shear stress fv, k 0.0675N/mm2 (a)

Mean Core modulus of rigidity (shear Gc,mean 2.48N/mm2 (b)

modulus)
Deformation modification factor kdef,perm 3.0 (c)
(permanent and long-term loads)
Deformation modification factor kdef,med 1.0 (d)
(medium-term loads)
Deformation modification factor kdef,short 0.0 (e)
(short-term and inst.-term loads)

Characteristic density of core ρk 18.75kg/m3 (f)

Table Notes:
(a) Characteristic panel shear stress is based on interpolation from table in Section
E3.1.1 of TR019.
(b) Mean core modulus of rigidity is based on interpolation from table in Section E3.1.1
of TR019.
(c) Deformation modification factor, kdef,perm for permanent and long-term loads is based
on previous Sips Eco Panels test data and is the value given in previous quality
scheme.
(d) Deformation modification factor, kdef.med for medium-term loads is based on
calculation (kdef,perm * ψ2), where ψ2 = 0.3 for floor imposed loading.

5 Sips Eco Panels Design Guide

(e) Deformation modification factor, kdef.short for short and instantaneous-term loads is
based on calculation (kdef,perm * ψ2), where ψ2 = 0.0 for roof imposed, snow and wind
loads.

4.3 Properties of the Timber Splines and Rails:

The characteristic strength and stiffness properties and the densities and deformation
modification factors for the range of timber grades are as per BS EN 338: 2009 and
EN 1995-1-1.
These are widely documented and should be well known to engineers using this
guide. Hence it is not considered necessary to repeat them here.

4.4 Adhesives
4.1 The adhesive used for fixing of OSB to EPS90 (or better) shall have greater strength
that the EPS. This shall be proven at regular intervals, in accordance with CATG
certification requirements, by tensile testing which must demonstrate that failure
occurs in the EPS and not within the bond-line.
4.2 The glue used to fix the OSB to the top and bottom timber flanges in the Glued-SIPs-
Lintels shall be in accordance with BS EN 301: 2006 and shall be a structural
adhesive of Type 1 or 2.
4.3 All gluing shall be done in a factory environment and the glue laid in strict compliance
with the glue manufacturers requirements.

5. Loading on structural SIP panel elements and associated deflections (for SLS)
5.1 SIP panels will typically be subjected to some or all of the following loads:
5.1.1 Gravity loading: This is a combination of permanent (Gk) and variable loads (Qk)
applied to the structure based on loads to EN1991 loads (or BS6399 if continuing to
use British Standards if / where permitted). There can be several different types of
variable loads, each with different load durations.
Uniformly distributed loads for the SIP panels themselves can be calculated from the
combined: (thickness of 2 no. outer skins in metres x 550 + thickness of core in
metres x 19) to give a self-weight load in kg/m2. Clearly if timber ribs / splines are
used these should be additional to this based on mean timber density for the timber
grade used.
5.1.2 Wind Loads perpendicular to plane of SIP panels, i.e. those loads resulting in
compressive stresses on one OSB skin and tensile forces on the other skin. This
load is also a type of variable load, qk,wind.
5.1.3 Wind loads applied in the plane of the SIP panels, i.e. applying racking / shear forces
to the SIP panels.
5.2 Load Cases:

6 Sips Eco Panels Design Guide

5.2.1 The various loads are applied to the structure in the form of a set of load-cases which
are separately applied in accordance with EN 1990. There are often several load
cases for the ultimate limit state and several load cases for the serviceability limit
state.
5.2.2 Ultimate limit state load cases:
The basic equation, from which several load cases can be defined at ultimate limit
state is:
∑ ƔG,j.Gk,j + ƔQ,1. Qk,1 + ∑ ƔQ,i. ψ0,i . Qk,i
j>=1 i>1

where
Gk and Qk= Characteristic permanent and variable actions (loads) respectively.
ƔG = ULS partial load factor for permanent loads, i.e. 1.35.
ƔQ = ULS partial load factor for variable loads, i.e. 1.5.
ψ0 = Factor for combination value of a variable action (See table A1.1 of EN 1990
or table in UK NA if different). For domestic floor load and for imposed roof
load, the value of ψ0 = 0.7, for snow load and for wind load,ψ0 = 0.5.

On a SIP roof panel, there would be typically 4 load-cases with each case having a
different “leading” variable load, i.e. roof imposed load, snow load, man point load
and wind load (for the purposes of the Load-span tables within this document, a roof
imposed load only has been considered, there will be cases where the snow load is
critical and the design engineer must consider the possibility of snow load being
more critical than roof imposed load in their design.
On a SIP wall panel, there can be several other load-cases to consider due to the
possibility of floor imposed loads, etc.

5.2.3 Serviceability limit state load cases:

In relation to SIP panel design of roof and walls only, limiting deflection to acceptable
limits is the sole serviceability limit state criteria (vibration not a consideration for
these elements). There are 2 parts to the deflection of a SIP panel, i.e. instantaneous
deflection, uinst and creep deflection, ucreep. These are added together to obtain the
final deflection, ufin.

5.2.3.1 The basic equation, from which several load cases can be defined for instantaneous
deflection is:
∑ Gk,j + Qk,1 + ∑ ψ0,i . Qk,i (instantaneous deflection loadcases)
j>=1 i>1

This is the basis for similar loadcases as set-up for the ultimate limit case, except the
partial load factors are omitted for the serviceability limit state cases.

7 Sips Eco Panels Design Guide

5.2.3.2 The basic equation, from which the load case can be defined for creep deflection is:
∑ Gk,j + ∑ ψ2,i . Qk,i (creep deflection loadcase)
j>=1 i>0

ψ2 are the factors for the quasi-permanent value of variable actions (Table A1.1 of
EN1990).
For all of the common roof applied variable loads, i.e. roof imposed, snow and wind,
= 0 and therefore the creep deflection for roof loads is based on permanent (and
include long-term loads such as storage also) loads only.
For walls, the main load causing deflection, i.e. wind load normal to the SIPs panel,
has a “0” creep associated with it but there will be a creep deflection resulting from
axial load induced deflections, i.e. from permanent, long-term and medium-term
loads.
N.B. If designing using BS 5268, note that rafter imposed and snow loads are
medium-term loads (short-term to Eurocodes) and floor loads are long-term loads
(medium-term in Eurocodes). Therefore there may be a creep deflection to consider
from roof panels and a larger creep deflection to consider from floor, snow and rafter
imposed loads than would be case for Eurocode design.

5.3 Deflections:
5.3.1 Due to the large shear deflections and the large creep deflections, this is often the
limiting criteria for SIPs. The final deflections are best calculated as follows for SIP
panels:

ufin, = ufin,G + ufin,Q,1 + ∑ ufin,Qi where i>=1 for final part of equation.
ufin,G = uinst,G (1 + kdef) (final defl. resulting from perm. action)
ufin,Q,1 = uinst,Q,1 (1 + ψ2,1. kdef) (final defl. resulting from lead variable
action).
ufin,Q,i = uinst,Q,i (ψ0,i + ψ2,i. kdef) (final defl. resulting from lead variable
action;
i>1 (i.e. secondary variable actions).

For SIP roof panels to Eurocode designs (for sites < 1000m above sea level), this
simplifies to:
ufin = uinst,G (1 + kdef) + uinst,Q,1 + uinst,Q,i . ψ0,i
SIP wall panels, on the other hand, will generally require a full deflection derivation
as ψ2 will not be equal to 0 for all wall applied loads.
The instantaneous deflection, uinst is comprised of both bending and shear deflection
components. The final deflection equations therefore account for both also being a
multiplier of the instantaneous deflection.
Deflection limits are now subject to agreement between the designer and the client
(or his representative)

8 Sips Eco Panels Design Guide

 For the load span tables in Annex A, B and C, the following deflection limits have
been assumed:
5.3.1.1. Instantaneous deflection: L/350.
5.3.1.2. Final deflection: L/250.
This may be relaxed if there are no brittle finishes to ceiling. The client may also
dictate more onerous deflection limits for certain elements.

6. SIP Roof Panels

6.1 Roof of SIP panel buildings can be from loose rafters, ceiling joists,
prefabricated roof trusses or SIP roof panels. SIP roof panels are usually
supported on a ridge purlin, possibly with intermediate purlins and on wall (or
floor member) at eaves level.
6.2 Generally, supports should downstand below SIP roof panels, with the SIP
panel supported on triangular wedges which are connected down to
supporting structure. The connections from the SIP panel to the wedge and
the wedge down to the supports must be able to fully resist the “sliding” force
due to the “in-plane component of the gravity roof load (permanent and
variable loads) along the slope of the roof, i.e. panel to wedge screws in
shear. They must also resist the worst wind load-case which is causing an
uplift force on the roof, perpendicular to the plane of the roof, i.e. panel to
wedge screws in tension.
6.3 A SIP roof, without additional bracing, will generally provide adequate roof
diaphragm action.
6.4 The design of a SIP roof requires the determination of loads perpendicular to
the plane of the panel. The length of the span is the slope length.
6.5 The use of SIP panels in flat roofs is permitted, however the designer should
be aware of the very significant risk of failure (serviceability limit state and
possibly ultimate limit state in extreme cases) if the roof is subjected to water
ponding due to inadequate falls. This is particularly high risk for SIP panels
due to the additional long-term load from the water, which would not have
been accounted for in the creep deflection calculation (as no variable load
related creep is accounted for in roofs (see section 5.2.3.2)).

7 Design of SIP roof panels (single span) without timber “spline”

reinforcement.
The following steps should be taken to verify the design of a SIP roof panel (the use
of a computerised calculation, such as spreadsheet or similar is strongly
recommended due to the complexity of the design calculations for these composite
panels). The design is based on TR019 and the structural engineer should become
familiar with this document before attempting to apply a design to SIPs.
7.1 Calculate the structural span on slope for the SIP panel. This is the span to
be used in the design.
7.2. Resolve the dead (GDL) and variable loads (QIL) in the load diagram shown
below so that the vector components of these loads acting perpendicular to

9 Sips Eco Panels Design Guide

 the roof are derived. The wind load, QWL shall already be acting perpendicular
to the plane of the roof. See Figure 1 for forces to be resolved.
In figure 1 where: GDL = dead (permanent) load
QIL = variable gravity loads (various
combinations of roof imposed, snow, man point
as laid out in section 5.2).
QWL = variable wind load.

QIL

QWL

GDL

Lplan

Figure 1

7.3. Calculate the unfactored maximum forces i.e. moment and shear for the various load
durations, i.e. permanent (include long-term if applicable), short-term (worst case for
man load / roof imposed / snow load) and instantaneous (wind load).
These calculated forces can then be factored using the partial load factors, ƔG and ƔQ
in previously stated combinations in which the appropriate ψ0 factors (as per Section
5.2).
7.4 State the geometric and material properties of the 3 layers (due to differences in kdef
between inner and outer OSB skins) similar to that shown on the page overleaf
State the relevant material types, thicknesses, service classes and strength and
stiffness properties (as well as densities and calculated relevant areas) for each of
the 3 layers.

10 Sips Eco Panels Design Guide

 Figure 2

7.5 Determine the Steiner bending stiffness and shear stiffness of virtual beam B for the
instantaneous response period:

This is based on calculation of the neutral axis position as shown overleaf (diagram is
also appropriate for derivation of neutral axis based on final response stiffnesses).
Note that the neutral axis will be central at the instantaneous response check where
OSB skins are the same but will not be centred at final response check due to the
outer skin stiffness being lower than that of the inner skin due to differing kdef values
(as outer skin in SC2 and inner skin in SC1).

11 Sips Eco Panels Design Guide

7.6 Ultimate Limit State design checks at the instantaneous response (these checks to
be made for all relevant load duration cases).
7.6.1 Calculate the compression stress in the upper OSB layer and the tensile strength in
the lower OSB layer resulting from the applied ULS moment on the SIP panel as
described in C2.1.3 of TR019. Design to ensure that these are less than the
allowable design compression stress (and tension stresses) of the top (and bottom)
OSB layers respectively:
i.e. verify that σc,d,1 < fc,0,d for compression and
σt,d,1 < ft,0,d for tension.

fc,0,d = fc,0,k x kmod / ƔM where:

and ft,0,d = ft,0,k x kmod / ƔM kmod is modification factor for duration of
load and moisture content where kmod
for various timber members and wood-
based panels are defined in Table 3.1 of
BS EN 1995.
ƔM = material modification factor as
defined Table 2.3 of BS EN 1995.

7.6.2 Carry out shear checks for each layer as well as the interface between the layers as
per C2.1.4 and C2.1.5 of TR019. The designer should verify that the maximum
applied design shear stress be less than the permissible design shear stress of the
EPS90 (or better) core.
7.6.3 The local design compressive stress in the EPS90 core should be checked at each
support in accordance with C2.1.6 of TR019.
Verify: σc,d,2 = Rd / Aeff where the notation is as described in C2.1.6.

7.7 Ultimate limit state design after internal force re-distribution (final response):
At final response stage, the stresses within the layers will be re-distributed due to the
changes in relative bending and shear stiffnesses of the 3 layers (primarily due to the
fact that the outer OSB layer is in service class 2 environment and is subject to a
higher kdef than the Service class 1 inner OSB layer). The different stiffnesses of
each layer is due to reduced Emean and Gmean values for the layer based on the
calculation for each layer:

12 Sips Eco Panels Design Guide

 Emean,fin = Emean,i / (1 + ψ2. kdef) and Gmean,fin = Gmean / (1 + ψ2 . kdef).
(for roof loads, ψ2 = 1 for permanent / long-term loads and 0 for short and
instantaneous loads. For wall panel designs, derivation may be required for both
Emean,fin ,perm and Emean,fin,med as well as Gmean,fin,perm and Gmean,fin,med to check at medium
term response also)

Verify that the design compression, tension and shear stresses, based on the final
response re-distribution of stresses are less than the design resistance stresses
(similar to checks carried out for instantaneous response as described in 6.4.6.1 and
6.4.6.2 above).

7.8 Verification of serviceability limit states:

7.8.1 The deflection should first be calculated based on instant loading of the panel. This
shall be based on the equations stated in Section 5.3 of this document and must
include a calculation of shear deflection in addition to bending deflection.
From Annex A (A.2) of TR019, the instantaneous deflection shall be calculated based
on the below equation for each of the instantaneous deflections from permanent,
lead variable and secondary variable loads:
uinst = 5 w L4 + w L2
384 (EI)B,inst 8 (GA)B,inst
See equation above and equations in Section 5.3 for calculation of uinst,total and
calculation of ufin,total.
7.9 For SIP roof panel designs it is critical that the permanent (and long-term if
applicable) loads are correctly applied as these will have a significant effect on the
critical final deflection calculation.
It is also critical that shear deflections are accounted for and also that the effect of
creep is fully calculated. The shear deflection is often much larger than the bending
deflection while the creep deflection component is often larger in magnitude to the
initial deflection, i.e. the final deflection is > 2 x initial deflection.
7.10 Roof load span tables in Annex A are based on the calculation methodology
described in this section (see also load-span table notes in Annex A for guidance on
using tables).
7.11 The principles of the design methodology set out above, based on TR019 and
EN1995-1-1 could be used to produce a design calculation to BS 5268 if considered
appropriate by the designer. This would be based on the working stress principle of
timber design to the British Standards.
Alternatively, previously produced design tables based on loading can be used to
determine allowable spans for SIP roof panels. These are based on short-term
loaded tests and it is critical that due account is taken of creep deflection and also
reduced permissible stress resistances for permanent / long-term portion of load.
Using the spans as stated in these test-based tables, without accounting for these
items, may yield unsafe designs!

13 Sips Eco Panels Design Guide

7.12 SIP splines are used to connect adjacent SIP panels together. These should not be
considered structurally in the design of the SIP roof panel.
7.13 The designers first preference, where possible, should always be to place purlins, etc
at centres to allow for unreinforced splines as this avoids repeat thermal bridges. Due
to the constraints of some projects this is not always possible and in these cases a
timber spline reinforced SIPs panel is required as described below in section 8.

8. Design of SIP roof panels (single span) with timber “spline” reinforcement.
8.1 Timber splines are used to stiffen / strengthen SIP roof and wall panels. They are
placed within the 45mm wide rebate at each end of the 1.2m wide SIP panels.
Therefore there are 2 no. 45mm timber splines at 1.2m crs. The depth of the timber
splines is: depth of SIP panel – 11mm upper OSB – 11mm lower OSB – 2mm, i.e. a
144mm deep SIP panel will have a 120mm deep timber spline, etc, etc.
The OSB connects to the timber splines with 3.5 x 50mm screws @ 150mm crs. (into
each 45mm wide timber member). There are 2 splines within a 1.2m panel so it is
appropriate to design for a 1.2m panel with 90mm wide timber splines screwed @
75mm crs. (2 no. screws @ 150mm crs.).
SIP roof panel with reinforced timber splines achieve longer spans, as demonstrated
within load-span table in Annex A. On rare occasions the roof spans may dictate an
addition full depth (of SIPs panel) timber spline between the “rebated” timber splines.

8.2 The design of a SIP roof panel with timber splines can be undertaken as follows:
8.2.1 The loads are calculated in the same manner as for the unreinforced SIP roof panel
(Section 6.4.2) except that design should allow for a 1200mm wide panel and hence
1200mm wide loading.
8.2.2 Additionally, the moments and shear forces are calculated similarly as described in
Section 6.4.3.
8.2.3 As the stiffness of the timber is >> than the stiffness of the EPS core, the core can be
ignored for purposes of calculation without significantly effecting the design
outcomes. This allows for the design of the reinforced SIP panel as a “mechanically
jointed beam” with the upper and lower OSB, the timber spline and the
interconnection between the 3 layers as being critical. The design can be based on
the method given in Annex B (Informative): Mechanically jointed beams in BS EN
1995-1-1.
As this Annex lays out clearly the design methodology, a competent design should
be readily able to follow the requirements of the ultimate limit state checks for this
design. Note that, as in the unreinforced SIP panel design, the effective bending
stiffness shall vary between instantaneous response and final response, with a
consequent re-distribution of stresses. Ultimate limit state design checks need to be
verified for both the instantaneous and final response conditions.

14 Sips Eco Panels Design Guide

8.2.4 The serviceability limit state design is not explicitly covered and hence some
guidance is given here:
The effective bending stiffness as given in equation B.1 of this BS EN 1995 Annex
will form the basis of the calculation of the deflections in a similar manner to that
described in Section 5.3 and 6.4.7.
In this case, as the shear stress is resisted by the timber “web” members, the shear
deflections will be significantly less but nonetheless we recommend that they are
calculated. The effect of creep should also be accounted for by calculation of ufin as
previously described.
8.3 Load span tables, for SIPs Eco Panel’s SIP panels, in Annex A are based on the
calculation methodology described in this section (see also load-span table notes in
Annex A for guidance on using tables).
8.4 The principles of the design methodology set out above, based on Annex B of
EN1995-1-1 could be used to produce a design calculation to BS 5268 if considered
appropriate by the designer. This would be based on the working stress principle of
timber design to the British Standards (The Timber Designer’s Manual by Ozelton &
Baird has a similar design to BS 5268 Part 2).

15 Sips Eco Panels Design Guide

9. Design of SIP wall panels (single span) without timber “spline” reinforcement.
9.1 The design methodology for unreinforced SIP wall panel, i.e. SIP splines only
connecting adjacent panels, is similar to that for roof panels as outlined in section 7
although there are a number of existing checks to deal with the axial forces.
Although the design methodology in TR019 is for roof stressed skin panels, the
principles can also be used for wall panels with, as stated previously, a number of
additional checks.
9.2 The loads on a SIP wall panel should be set up as shown in the diagram below
where GeDL and QeDL are the eccentrically applied loads from the floor / roof
immediately on the wall under consideration. The worst case is where the joists are
hung from the side of the wall with proprietary joist hangers as this results in the
largest axial load induced moment.

9.3 Clearly, in the case of wall panels the axial force is significant and this should be
included in all applicable calculations.
9.4 Determine the Steiner bending stiffness and shear stiffness of the SIP wall panel for
all applicable load durations. In particular permanent (to include long-term), medium
term (as floor imposed loading on wall panels) and instantaneous stiffnesses to allow
for distribution of the stresses and these can also be used to determine deflections
uinst and ufin as applicable.
9.5 The maximum compression forces (or tension if applicable for instantaneous loading)
in the OSB skins shall be calculated based on the formulae in C.2.1.3 of TR019 and
discussed in Section 7.6.1 of this document for roof panels.
Note that the axial forces are resisted by the OSB skins only although the load-
bearing insulation (minimum EPS90) provides lateral restraint to the skins to prevent
their buckling.

9.6 Shear checks to be carried out as stated in Section 7.6.2.

16 Sips Eco Panels Design Guide

9.7 Re-design for final and medium term response re-distributed stresses as per Section
7.7 of this document (based on determination of (EI)B,fin and (GA)B,fin and ((EI)B,med
and (GA)B,med).
9.8 Buckling of Wall under Compression
This issue is specific to wall panels and the methodology used is based on the
section “Wall Panel Buckling” from Lightweight Sandwich Construction by JM Davies
in which the following formula is presented to determine Pcr (the critical axial force re
buckling):
Pcr = PE. PEF – P2EF + PE.PC
PE – PEF + PC where PE = π2.(EI)B,perm / L2
PEF = π2.(EI)OSB flanges / L2
PC = AC.GC
AC = area of core.
Gc = shear modulus of core.
These shall be calculated for each of permanent, medium-term and instantaneous
(including short-term) response periods.
The Eurocode 5 instability reduction factor, kc,y is then calculated for the wall panel,
for each duration period stated above, by calculation based on Section 6.3.2 of
EN1995-1-1 with λrel,y being calculated with the more general formula
λrel,y = (Pc,0,k / PCR)½ where Pc,0,k is the allowable axial force in the OSB skins.
This replaces formula 6.21 from EN1995-1-1.

9.9 Combined Axial and Bending

The following equations shall be verified to confirm adequacy of wall panels with
regard to combined axial compression and bending;
9.9.1 σc,axial,perm, perm + σc,axial,perm,,med + σc,axial, perm, short / inst + ∑σc,bending,0,d <
1.
kc,y,perm . fc,0,d,perm kc,y,med . fc,0,d,perm kc,y,short / inst . fc,0,d,perm fc,0,d,perm

9.9.2 σc,axial,med, perm + σc,axial,med,,,med + σc,axial, med, short / inst + ∑σc,bending,0,d

< 1.
kc,y,perm . fc,0,d,med kc,y,med . fc,0,d,med kc,y,short / inst . fc,0,d,med fc,0,d,med

9.9.3 σc,axial,inst, perm + σc,axial,inst,,,med + σc,axial, inst, short / inst + ∑σc,bending,0,d

< 1.
kc,y,perm . fc,0,d,inst kc,y,med . fc,0,d,inst kc,y,short / inst . fc,0,d,inst fc,0,d,med

17 Sips Eco Panels Design Guide

 where the first “perm” or “med” or “inst” term refers to the response period for which
the stresses are distributed and the second “perm” or “med” or “inst” refers to the
stress from the load (based on its duration type).
9.10. Deflections
Lateral deflections, based on wind loads normal to the SIP wall panel are calculated
as per Section 7.8 for roof panels. The only deflection associated with this load is uinst
as kdef = 0 (as this is an instantaneous load).
Deflections based on axial forces at the top are derived from:
Uaxial = ML2
16 EI
The deflection due to axial loads is generally small and can be neglected except
where joists are side hung from walls in which case the eccentric moment is
significant with consequent larger induced deflections.
9.11. A further critical check is bearing at the sole-plate and head-plate. This has been
found to be the limiting factor for axial loads in unreinforced SIP wall panels.
Therefore, based on standard timber design to EN1995-1-1, check the applied
bearing stress against the permissible cross-grain bearing stress of the timber sole-
plate / head-binder.
The bearing forces may be reduced by the capacity of the OSB to top-rail or bottom
rail screws if deemed appropriate by the designer.
9.12 Load span tables in Annex B are based on the calculation methodology described in
this section (see also table notes in Annex B for guidance on using these tables).
The allowable axial loads, and perpendicular allowable wind loads, can be
significantly increased by using timber splines (particularly as these significantly
increase the bearing area onto the head-binder / sole-plate).
9.13 The principles of the design methodology set out above, based on TR019 and
EN1995-1-1 could be used to produce a design calculation to BS 5268 if considered
appropriate by the designer. This would be based on the working stress principle of
timber design to the British Standards.
Alternatively, previously produced design tables based on loading can be used to
determine allowable spans for SIP wall panels. These are based on short-term
loaded tests and it is critical that due account is taken of creep deflection and also
reduced permissible stress resistances for permanent / long-term portion of load.
Using the spans as stated in these test-based tables, without accounting for these
items, will not yield safe designs!
9.14 SIP splines are used to connect adjacent SIP wall panels together. These should not
be considered as structural in the design of the SIP wall panels.

18 Sips Eco Panels Design Guide

9.15 Point Loads on SIP wall panels
Significant point loads will need to be supported by multiple timber studs within the
SIP wall panels in accordance with standard design practice using the preferred
standard.
Smaller point loads can be supported by the SIP wall panels with the thickness of the
head-binder dictating the magnitude of the point load as follows:
T = 3 x (Fd x bjoist) where T =required min. thickness of head-
binder. 2 28.3 Fd = design
loads on the bearing area (N).
bjoist = the width of the joist or beam.
In cases of high loads / small head-binder, the joists may need to be hung from the
rimbeam.

10. Lintels
10.1 Lintels may be in the form of solid timber or glulam or engineered timber or steel
members. Another option, where permitted by design, is to use a “glued SIP lintel” as
a box beam with timber top flange (in line of top-rail and same cross-section as top-
rail), bottom flange (rail directly above opening) and OSB webs on each side (outer
skins of SIP panels). For very lightly loaded, small span lintels it may be acceptable
to screw the OSB to the flanges only.
10.2 The design of “Glued SIP Lintels” is based on design of a glued thin-webbed beam in
accordance with Section 9.1.1 of EN 1995-1-1. It is critical that the webs are
adequately glued to the timber flanges in order to realise the design strength of a
Glued-SIP-Lintel. Use a structural adhesive of Type 1 or 2 in accordance with BS EN
301 (note that the glue used to connect OSB to EPS insulation may not be
appropriate for OSB to timber structural adhesion).
The insulation (minimum EPS90) is ignored for purposes of calculation of a glued SIP
lintel.
10.3 A comprehensive Table and notes for Glued SIP Lintel is shown in Annex C of this
document. For designers who want to do a “first principles" design to EN 1995-1-1,
the publication “Structural Design to Eurocode 5” by Jack Porteous and Abdy
Kermani contains a detailed example.
10.4 As always, if BS 5268 is the chosen standard, a similar design approach can be
taken for a glued thin-webbed beam.

11. Racking Resistance

11.1 Applied racking forces are calculated by the designer based on wind loads from EN
1991-1-4 or BS6399-2 as usual for any structure.
11.2 To date, racking resistance values are based on test results in accordance with BS
EN 594. A “safe” result is then achieved by applying factors based on section 5.9 of
BS 5268-6.1:1996. The basic racking resistance value to BS 5268-6.1:1996 is
2.5KN/m. The racking resistance is reduced for wall sections containing openings
based on equation:

19 Sips Eco Panels Design Guide

 Rb = 2.5.exp(-0.0365x)
Where
Rb = test racking resistance per meter run of the wall in KN/m
X = percentage opening in a panel of 2.4m in length.
Where the percentage of openings exceeds 35%, Rb = 0.
The racking resistance is subject to BS5268 Part 6.l factors K104 (panel height
factor); K105 (wall length factor) and K108 (interaction factor)
K107 should be modified as follows: 0.004F2 + 0.025F + 1 for values up to a
maximum of 10.4KN.

11.3 Racking resistance values for EN1995-1-1 designs can be derived as follows:
11.3.1 Unfactored applied wind loads to be derived to provide an applied racking load factor
to the level under consideration.
11.3.2 The racking resistance of 2.5KN/m is a safe racking resistance value (as based on
racking stiffness which is a serviceability limit state load. Hence use of unfactored
wind loads). This can be multiplied by similar equation to K104 for wall heights above
2.4m. No other factors should be applied. Similarly only full height wall panels
between openings are permitted (new tests to BS EN 594:2011 may allow higher
values to be used for BS EN 1995-1-1 designs).
N.B. Although unfactored wind loads are used for verification of racking resistance, it
is critical that factored wind loads are used for the following checks to BS EN 1995-1-
1 design:
(a) Overall stability of the SIP frame structure (at each level).
(b) Sliding of the structure at each level.
(c) Overturning and sliding of racking panels.
(d) Uplift of structure at each level.

When checking these to BS 5268:6.1, check for factor of safety requirements within
this standard (and BS 5268-3 for roof uplift factor of safety of 1.4).

20 Sips Eco Panels Design Guide

 ANNEX A:
Span Tables
(with and without timber splines)

Annex A Contents
1. Table A.1.1: 144mm SIP Roof Panels – 0.6KN/m2 wind load - page 22
2. Table A.1.2: 144mm SIP Roof Panels – 0.9KN/m2 wind load - page 23
3. Table A.1.3: 144mm SIP Roof Panels – 1.2KN/m2 wind load - page 24
4. Table A.2.1: 169mm SIP Roof Panels – 0.6KN/m2 wind load - page 25
5. Table A.2.2: 169mm SIP Roof Panels – 0.9KN/m2 wind load - page 26
6. Table A.2.3: 169mm SIP Roof Panels – 1.2KN/m2 wind load - page 27
7. Table A.3.1: 194mm SIP Roof Panels – 0.6KN/m2 wind load - page 28
8. Table A.3.2: 194mm SIP Roof Panels – 0.9KN/m2 wind load - page 29
9. Table A.3.3: 194mm SIP Roof Panels – 1.2KN/m2 wind load - page 30
10. Table A.4.1: 219mm SIP Roof Panels – 0.6KN/m2 wind load - page 31
11. Table A.4.2: 219mm SIP Roof Panels – 0.9KN/m2 wind load - page 32
12. Table A.4.3: 219mm SIP Roof Panels – 1.2KN/m2 wind load - page 33
13. Notes on Tables - page 34

21 Sips Eco Panels Design Guide

 TABLE A.1.1 : 144mm SIP Roof Panels - 0.6KN/m2 wind load

SIP Splines 2 no. 120 x 45 C16 2 no. 120 x 45 C24 2 no. 120 x 45 C30
timber splines timber splines timber splines
Dead Imposed Clear Clear Clear Clear Clear Clear Clear Clear
Pitch Load load span Span span Span span Span span Span
on plan on slope on plan on slope on plan on slope on plan on slope
DL
(degrees) (KN/m2) DL (KN/m2) Lplan (m) Lslope (m) Lplan (m) Lslope (m) Lplan (m) Lslope (m) Lplan (m) Lslope (m)

0.60 0.60 2.19 2.19 2.6 2.6 2.87 2.87 2.95 2.95
0
1.00 0.60 1.52 1.52 2.31 2.31 2.57 2.57 2.65 2.65

0.60 0.60 2.17 2.25 2.51 2.60 2.79 2.89 2.88 2.98
15
1.00 0.60 1.52 1.57 2.25 2.33 2.50 2.59 2.59 2.68

0.60 0.60 2.09 2.41 2.29 2.64 2.56 2.96 2.64 3.05
30
1.00 0.60 1.50 1.73 2.07 2.39 2.30 2.66 2.38 2.75

0.60 0.30 1.87 2.64 1.99 2.81 2.21 3.13 2.27 3.21
45
1.00 0.30 1.42 2.01 1.77 2.50 1.98 2.80 2.04 2.88

22 Sips Eco Panels Design Guide

 TABLE A.1.2 : 144mm SIP Roof Panels - 0.9KN/m2 wind load

SIP Splines 2 no. 120 x 45 C16 2 no. 120 x 45 C24 2 no. 120 x 45 C30
timber splines timber splines timber splines
Dead Imposed Clear Clear Clear Clear Clear Clear Clear Clear
Pitch Load load span Span span Span span Span span Span
on plan on slope on plan on slope on plan on slope on plan on slope
DL
(degrees) (KN/m2) DL (KN/m2) Lplan (m) Lslope (m) Lplan (m) Lslope (m) Lplan (m) Lslope (m) Lplan (m) Lslope (m)

0.60 0.60 2.12 2.12 2.4 2.4 2.64 2.64 2.72 2.72
0
1.00 0.60 1.52 1.52 2.16 2.16 2.41 2.41 2.49 2.49

0.60 0.60 2.08 2.15 2.3 2.38 2.56 2.65 2.64 2.73
15
1.00 0.60 1.52 1.57 2.10 2.17 2.34 2.42 2.42 2.51

0.60 0.60 1.96 2.26 2.11 2.44 2.34 2.70 2.41 2.78
30
1.00 0.60 1.47 1.70 1.93 2.23 2.14 2.47 2.22 2.56

0.60 0.30 1.73 2.45 1.74 2.46 1.94 2.74 1.99 2.81
45
1.00 0.30 1.34 1.90 1.64 2.32 1.82 2.57 1.88 2.66

23 Sips Eco Panels Design Guide

 TABLE A.1.3 : 144mm SIP Roof Panels - 1.2KN/m2 wind load

SIP Splines 2 no. 120 x 45 C16 2 no. 120 x 45 C24 2 no. 120 x 45 C30
timber splines timber splines timber splines
Dead Imposed Clear Clear Clear Clear Clear Clear Clear Clear
Pitch Load load span Span span Span span Span span Span
on plan on slope on plan on slope on plan on slope on plan on slope
DL
(degrees) (KN/m2) DL (KN/m2) Lplan (m) Lslope (m) Lplan (m) Lslope (m) Lplan (m) Lslope (m) Lplan (m) Lslope (m)

0.60 0.60 2 2 2.2 2.2 2.46 2.46 2.54 2.54

0
1.00 0.60 1.49 1.49 2.04 2.04 2.28 2.28 2.35 2.35

0.60 0.60 1.96 2.03 2.14 2.22 2.39 2.47 2.46 2.55
15
1.00 0.60 1.47 1.52 1.99 2.06 2.21 2.29 2.29 2.37

0.60 0.60 1.84 2.12 1.96 2.26 2.17 2.51 2.24 2.59
30
1.00 0.60 1.40 1.62 1.82 2.10 2.02 2.33 2.09 2.41

0.60 0.30 1.62 2.29 1.58 2.23 1.75 2.47 1.8 2.55
45
1.00 0.30 1.27 1.80 1.53 2.16 1.71 2.42 1.76 2.49

24 Sips Eco Panels Design Guide

 TABLE A.2.1 : 169mm SIP Roof Panels - 0.6KN/m2 wind load

SIP Splines 2 no. 145 x 45 C16 2 no. 145 x 45 C24 2 no. 145 x 45 C30
timber splines timber splines timber splines
Dead Imposed Clear Clear Clear Clear Clear Clear Clear Clear
Pitch Load load span Span span Span span Span span Span
on plan on slope on plan on slope on plan on slope on plan on slope
DL
(degrees) (KN/m2) DL (KN/m2) Lplan (m) Lslope (m) Lplan (m) Lslope (m) Lplan (m) Lslope (m) Lplan (m) Lslope (m)

0.60 0.60 2.58 2.58 3.1 3.1 3.47 3.47 3.58 3.58
0
1.00 0.60 1.81 1.81 2.8 2.8 3.12 3.12 3.22 3.22

0.60 0.60 2.55 2.64 3.05 3.16 3.36 3.48 3.49 3.61
15
1.00 0.60 1.81 1.87 2.73 2.83 3.04 3.15 3.14 3.25

0.60 0.60 2.41 2.78 2.79 3.22 3.1 3.58 3.21 3.71
30
1.00 0.60 1.77 2.04 2.51 2.90 2.79 3.22 2.89 3.34

0.60 0.30 2.14 3.03 2.38 3.37 2.66 3.76 2.74 3.87
45
1.00 0.30 1.65 2.33 2.15 3.04 2.39 3.38 2.48 3.51

25 Sips Eco Panels Design Guide

 TABLE A.2.2 : 169mm SIP Roof Panels - 0.9KN/m2 wind load

SIP Splines 2 no. 145 x 45 C16 2 no. 145 x 45 C24 2 no. 145 x 45 C30
timber splines timber splines timber splines
Dead Imposed Clear Clear Clear Clear Clear Clear Clear Clear
Pitch Load load span Span span Span span Span span Span
on plan on slope on plan on slope on plan on slope on plan on slope
DL
(degrees) (KN/m2) DL (KN/m2) Lplan (m) Lslope (m) Lplan (m) Lslope (m) Lplan (m) Lslope (m) Lplan (m) Lslope (m)

0.60 0.60 2.44 2.44 2.9 2.9 3.21 3.21 3.32 3.32
0
1.00 0.60 1.81 1.81 2.63 2.63 2.94 2.94 3.03 3.03

0.60 0.60 2.39 2.47 2.84 2.94 3.13 3.24 3.23 3.34
15
1.00 0.60 1.79 1.85 2.56 2.65 2.86 2.96 2.95 3.05

0.60 0.60 2.25 2.60 2.57 2.97 2.86 3.30 2.94 3.39
30
1.00 0.60 1.71 1.97 2.35 2.71 2.61 3.01 2.70 3.12

0.60 0.30 2.11 2.98 2.18 3.08 2.42 3.42 2.5 3.54
45
1.00 0.30 1.55 2.19 2.01 2.84 2.24 3.17 2.31 3.27

26 Sips Eco Panels Design Guide

 TABLE A.2.3 : 169mm SIP Roof Panels - 1.2KN/m2 wind load

SIP Splines 2 no. 145 x 45 C16 2 no. 145 x 45 C24 2 no. 145 x 45 C30
timber splines timber splines timber splines
Dead Imposed Clear Clear Clear Clear Clear Clear Clear Clear
Pitch Load load span Span span Span span Span span Span
on plan on slope on plan on slope on plan on slope on plan on slope
DL
(degrees) (KN/m2) DL (KN/m2) Lplan (m) Lslope (m) Lplan (m) Lslope (m) Lplan (m) Lslope (m) Lplan (m) Lslope (m)

0.60 0.60 2.3 2.3 2.7 2.7 3.01 3.01 3.1 3.1
0
1.00 0.60 1.74 1.74 2.5 2.5 2.79 2.79 2.87 2.87

0.60 0.60 2.26 2.34 2.62 2.71 2.93 3.03 2.98 3.09
15
1.00 0.60 1.71 1.77 2.43 2.52 2.71 2.81 2.79 2.89

0.60 0.60 2.12 2.45 2.39 2.76 2.65 3.06 2.75 3.18
30
1.00 0.60 1.63 1.88 2.22 2.56 2.46 2.84 2.55 2.94

0.60 0.30 1.97 2.79 1.98 2.80 2.22 3.14 2.29 3.24
45
1.00 0.30 1.47 2.08 1.85 2.62 2.07 2.93 2.15 3.04

27 Sips Eco Panels Design Guide

 TABLE A.3.1 : 194mm SIP Roof Panels - 0.6KN/m2 wind load

SIP Splines 2 no. 170 x 45 C16 2 no. 170 x 45 C24 2 no. 170 x 45 C30
timber splines timber splines timber splines
Dead Imposed Clear Clear Clear Clear Clear Clear Clear Clear
Pitch Load load span Span span Span span Span span Span
on plan on slope on plan on slope on plan on slope on plan on slope
DL
(degrees) (KN/m2) DL (KN/m2) Lplan (m) Lslope (m) Lplan (m) Lslope (m) Lplan (m) Lslope (m) Lplan (m) Lslope (m)

0.60 0.60 2.92 2.92 3.7 3.7 4.09 4.09 4.22 4.22
0
1.00 0.60 1.86 1.86 3.3 3.3 3.66 3.66 3.77 3.77

0.60 0.60 2.87 2.97 3.58 3.71 3.98 4.12 4.11 4.25
15
1.00 0.60 2.09 2.16 3.22 3.33 3.57 3.70 3.68 3.81

0.60 0.60 2.71 3.13 3.29 3.80 3.65 4.21 3.76 4.34
30
1.00 0.60 2.04 2.36 2.96 3.42 3.29 3.80 3.40 3.93

0.60 0.30 2.41 3.41 2.86 4.04 3.14 4.44 3.27 4.62
45
1.00 0.30 1.86 2.63 2.55 3.61 2.83 4.00 2.92 4.13

28 Sips Eco Panels Design Guide

 TABLE A.3.2 : 194mm SIP Roof Panels - 0.9KN/m2 wind load

SIP Splines 2 no. 170 x 45 C16 2 no. 170 x 45 C24 2 no. 170 x 45 C30
timber splines timber splines timber splines
Dead Imposed Clear Clear Clear Clear Clear Clear Clear Clear
Pitch Load load span Span span Span span Span span Span
on plan on slope on plan on slope on plan on slope on plan on slope
DL
(degrees) (KN/m2) DL (KN/m2) Lplan (m) Lslope (m) Lplan (m) Lslope (m) Lplan (m) Lslope (m) Lplan (m) Lslope (m)

0.60 0.60 2.75 2.75 3.4 3.4 3.78 3.78 3.9 3.9
0
1.00 0.60 2.06 2.06 3.1 3.1 3.45 3.45 3.56 3.56

0.60 0.60 2.70 2.80 3.3 3.42 3.67 3.80 3.79 3.92
15
1.00 0.60 2.03 2.10 3.02 3.13 3.36 3.48 3.46 3.58

0.60 0.60 2.54 2.93 3.02 3.49 3.36 3.88 3.46 4.00
30
1.00 0.60 1.94 2.24 2.77 3.20 3.07 3.54 3.18 3.67

0.60 0.30 2.07 2.93 2.54 3.59 2.85 4.03 2.94 4.16
45
1.00 0.30 1.76 2.49 2.37 3.35 2.64 3.73 2.72 3.85

29 Sips Eco Panels Design Guide

 TABLE A.3.3 : 194mm SIP Roof Panels - 1.2KN/m2 wind load

SIP Splines 2 no. 170 x 45 C16 2 no. 170 x 45 C24 2 no. 170 x 45 C30
timber splines timber splines timber splines
Dead Imposed Clear Clear Clear Clear Clear Clear Clear Clear
Pitch Load load span Span span Span span Span span Span
on plan on slope on plan on slope on plan on slope on plan on slope
DL
(degrees) (KN/m2) DL (KN/m2) Lplan (m) Lslope (m) Lplan (m) Lslope (m) Lplan (m) Lslope (m) Lplan (m) Lslope (m)

0.60 0.60 2.6 2.6 3.2 3.2 3.54 3.54 3.65 3.65
0
1.00 0.60 1.98 1.98 2.94 2.94 3.28 3.28 3.38 3.38

0.60 0.60 2.55 2.64 3.09 3.20 3.44 3.56 3.55 3.68
15
1.00 0.60 1.95 2.02 2.86 2.96 3.19 3.30 3.29 3.41

0.60 0.60 2.39 2.76 2.82 3.26 3.13 3.61 3.23 3.73
30
1.00 0.60 1.85 2.14 2.61 3.01 2.90 3.35 3.00 3.46

0.60 0.30 2.09 2.96 2.35 3.32 2.62 3.71 2.7 3.82
45
1.00 0.30 1.67 2.36 2.2 3.11 2.46 3.48 2.53 3.58

30 Sips Eco Panels Design Guide

 TABLE A.4.1 : 219mm SIP Roof Panels - 0.6KN/m2 wind load

SIP Splines 2 no. 195 x 45 C16 2 no. 195 x 45 C24 2 no. 195 x 45 C30
timber splines timber splines timber splines
Dead Imposed Clear Clear Clear Clear Clear Clear Clear Clear
Pitch Load load span Span span Span span Span span Span
on plan on slope on plan on slope on plan on slope on plan on slope
DL
(degrees) (KN/m2) DL (KN/m2) Lplan (m) Lslope (m) Lplan (m) Lslope (m) Lplan (m) Lslope (m) Lplan (m) Lslope (m)

0.60 0.60 3.24 3.24 4.2 4.2 4.7 4.7 4.84 4.84
0
1.00 0.60 2.38 2.38 3.8 3.8 4.22 4.22 4.35 4.35

0.60 0.60 3.18 3.29 4.12 4.27 4.58 4.74 4.71 4.88
15
1.00 0.60 2.36 2.44 3.69 3.82 4.11 4.25 4.24 4.39

0.60 0.60 3.00 3.46 3.78 4.36 4.21 4.86 4.33 5.00
30
1.00 0.60 2.28 2.63 3.41 3.94 3.78 4.36 3.91 4.51

0.60 0.30 2.67 3.78 3.29 4.65 3.64 5.15 3.75 5.30
45
1.00 0.30 2.07 2.93 2.92 4.13 3.25 4.60 3.35 4.74

31 Sips Eco Panels Design Guide

 TABLE A.4.2 : 219mm SIP Roof Panels - 0.9KN/m2 wind load

SIP Splines 2 no. 195 x 45 C16 2 no. 195 x 45 C24 2 no. 195 x 45 C30
timber splines timber splines timber splines
Dead Imposed Clear Clear Clear Clear Clear Clear Clear Clear
Pitch Load load span Span span Span span Span span Span
on plan on slope on plan on slope on plan on slope on plan on slope
DL
(degrees) (KN/m2) DL (KN/m2) Lplan (m) Lslope (m) Lplan (m) Lslope (m) Lplan (m) Lslope (m) Lplan (m) Lslope (m)

0.60 0.60 3.05 3.05 3.9 3.9 4.35 4.35 4.48 4.48
0
1.00 0.60 2.3 2.3 3.57 3.57 3.97 3.97 4.1 4.1

0.60 0.60 3.00 3.11 3.79 3.92 4.23 4.38 4.35 4.50
15
1.00 0.60 2.27 2.35 3.47 3.59 3.87 4.01 3.99 4.13

0.60 0.60 2.81 3.24 3.47 4.01 3.86 4.46 3.98 4.60
30
1.00 0.60 2.16 2.49 3.19 3.68 3.54 4.09 3.65 4.21

0.60 0.30 2.48 3.51 2.95 4.17 3.28 4.64 3.38 4.78
45
1.00 0.30 1.96 2.77 2.71 3.83 3.03 4.29 3.13 4.43

32 Sips Eco Panels Design Guide

 TABLE A.4.3 : 219mm SIP Roof Panels - 1.2KN/m2 wind load

SIP Splines 2 no. 195 x 45 C16 2 no. 195 x 45 C24 2 no. 195 x 45 C30
timber splines timber splines timber splines
Dead Imposed Clear Clear Clear Clear Clear Clear Clear Clear
Pitch Load load span Span span Span span Span span Span
on plan on slope on plan on slope on plan on slope on plan on slope
DL
(degrees) (KN/m2) DL (KN/m2) Lplan (m) Lslope (m) Lplan (m) Lslope (m) Lplan (m) Lslope (m) Lplan (m) Lslope (m)

0.60 0.60 2.89 2.89 3.7 3.7 4.06 4.06 4.2 4.2
0
1.00 0.60 2.21 2.21 3.39 3.39 3.77 3.77 3.89 3.89

0.60 0.60 2.83 2.93 3.56 3.69 3.95 4.09 4.07 4.21
15
1.00 0.60 2.18 2.26 3.29 3.41 3.67 3.80 3.77 3.90

0.60 0.60 2.66 3.07 3.24 3.74 3.6 4.16 3.71 4.28
30
1.00 0.60 2.08 2.40 3.01 3.48 3.34 3.86 3.46 4.00

0.60 0.30 2.32 3.28 2.71 3.83 3.01 4.26 3.11 4.40
45
1.00 0.30 1.86 2.63 2.54 3.59 2.83 4.00 2.87 4.06

33 Sips Eco Panels Design Guide

Notes Relating to SIP Roof Span Tables
The following notes relate to span tables A.1.1, A.1.2, A.1.3, A.2.1, A.2.2, A.2.3,
A.3.1, A.3.2, A.3.3, A.4.1, A.4.2, A.4.3
A.1. General:
1.1 The clear span on plan (Lplan) as stated on the tables represents the horizontal
span, in metres (m), between internal face of structural support at each side.
1.2. The clear span on slope (Lslope) as stated on the tables represents the span
along the slope of the roof, in metres (m), between internal face of structural
support at each side.
1.3. The spans stated in the tables are based on total bearing width of 90mm at
each support.
1.4 The roof panels with SIP splines are designed to EOTA Technical Report:
TR019, which is based on design to EN 1995-1-1.
The roof panels with timber splines are based on design to EN1995-1-1 (see
section 3 on these notes for important requirements for timber splines and
associated connections to the SIP roof panels).
1.5 A 0 degree roof pitch is included in all of the tables. Although stated as 0
degrees it is essential that the final roof finish should be laid to a sufficient fall
to avoid any water ponding on the roof. In the absence of any other
recommendation, we recommend a minimum fall of 1:40. This is particularly
important for SIP roof panels due to the significant and detrimental effect of
creep due to accidental long-term or medium-term loading.
1.6 The tables are only applicable to sites in the United Kingdom (below 1000m
above sea level)
1.7 Although the Tables are to EN1995-1-1, in order to make them safe for use
with BS 5268 structural designs, the kdef factor for the EPS90 has been
increased from 3.0 to 4.0. Therefore somewhat increased spans can be
achieved when designing from 1st principles to EN 1995-1-1 where this value
can be set to 3.0 (only effects SIP roof panels without timber reinforcement).
This increase has been found to bring span values into line with previous
tables which reflected the use of medium-term kdef values for roof imposed
and snow loads.
A.2. Loads
2.1 All loads quoted in the accompanying span tables are characteristic
(unfactored) loads.
2.2 The dead load quoted in the tables is the load along the roof slope and
INCLUDES the following weights of the SIP panels:

34 Sips Eco Panels Design Guide

2.2.1 119mm, 144mm and 169mm deep panels with SIP splines - 0.15KN/m2.
2.2.2 119mm, 144mm and 169mm deep panels with timber splines - 0.20KN/m2.
2.2.3 194mm deep panels with SIP splines - 0.16KN/m2.
2.2.4 194mm deep panels with timber splines - 0.21KN/m2.
2.2.5 219mm deep panels with SIP splines - 0.16KN/m2.
2.2.6 219mm deep panels with timber splines - 0.22KN/m2.

2.3 The imposed load quoted in the tables is the load on plan. The tables also
account for a “man load” of 0.9KN. All roof variable loads are considered to be
“short-term" or instantaneous in accordance with UK National Annex to
Eurocode 5 (include any long-term loads with permanent loads, if
applicable).

2.4 Wind Loads:

2.4.1 Each table is designed for a specific maximum average wind load on the roof
panels. Three wind loads are considered in the tables, i.e. 0.6KN/m2;
0.9KN/m2: 1.2KN/m2. The designer must take cognisance of the wind load
on the particular site.

2.4.2 As stated, the wind loads referenced are the maximum average wind loads.
The tables do NOT take account of different zoning areas on the roof. It is a
matter for the designer to ensure that the design moments and shear forces
from the actual wind loads do not exceed those derived from the uniform wind
loads stated for each table.

2.4.3 Wind load is assumed to act on a plane perpendicular (normal) to the plane of
the roof.

2.4.4 Wind loads are considered to be instantaneous loads in accordance with UK

National Annex to EN 1995-1-1.

A.3. Splines
3.1 Connect roof panels to SIP splines in accordance with Sips Eco Panels
standard details.
3.2 Connect each OSB face to each 45mm wide timber spline with 3.5 x 50mm
wood screws at 150mm crs.
3.3 Splines must fit into rebated zones at edge of panels. The tables are only
permissible when the OSB facing board (of the panels) can be face fixed to
the spline.
3.4 Timber splines to be fixed together in accordance with Sips Eco Panels
standard details.
3.5 Alternatively 1 no. 90mm wide spline can be used in lieu of 2 no. 45mm wide
timber splines.

35 Sips Eco Panels Design Guide

 ANNEX B:
SIP Wall Panel - Load Span Table
Table B.1 Lateral Load Capacities for SIP Wall Panels (with SIP splines)

Vertical Panel 119mm thick SIP 144mm thick 169mm thick 194mm thick 219mm thick
Load Height Panels SIP panels SIP panels SIP panels SIP panels
2 2 2 2 2
(KN/m) (m) (Kn/m ) (Kn/m ) (Kn/m ) (Kn/m ) (Kn/m )

2.40 1.456 1.900 2.365 2.831 3.302

12 2.70 1.180 1.570 1.966 2.371 2.781

3.00 0.960 1.285 1.635 1.991 2.351

3.60 0.658 0.900 1.159 1.428 1.706

4.80 0.300 0.483 0.555 0.699 0.851

2.40 1.456 1.900 2.365 2.831 3.302

16 2.70 1.180 1.570 1.966 2.371 2.781

3.00 0.960 1.285 1.635 1.991 2.351

3.60 0.658 0.900 1.159 1.428 1.706

4.80 N/A!! 0.483 0.555 0.699 0.851

36 Sips Eco Panels Design Guide

Table B.1 Notes:

1. "N/A!!" means that axial load capacity has been exceeded.

2. In relation to the vertical axial force of 16KN/m, the limiting factor in several cases is
the bearing of the OSB facing boards onto the C16 softwood rails. Contact Sips Eco
Panels Technical Department for solution where greater vertical loads are imparted onto
the SIP wall panel.

3. The lateral loads quoted are intended to be maximum wind loads (instantaneous load
duration) and are not applicable for use for the SIP panels acting as a retaining wall for
stored material as these would impart a long-term loading onto the panels. Also the values
quoted are not suitable for design of SIP roof panels. See separate tables by
Sips Eco Panels for allowable roof span tables.

4. Design of walls are to Eurocodes, and in particular Eurocode 5 (design based on

principles stated in TR019 "Calculation Models for prefabricated wood-based load-
bearing stressed skin panels for use in Roofs" which has been adapted using EN 1995-
1-1 for wall panels).

5. The maximum vertical permanent load allowed for in the values stated in the Tables is
8KN/m (the remaining load must be variable load of medium, short or instantaneous
duration).

6. The values quoted in Table B.1 assumes that the floor directly above the wall panel
considered, bears onto the wall panel with a rimbeam above outer face OSB board
of wall panel (and a joist above inner face OSB board of wall panel where joists are
parallel to direction of wall panel considered).

Where joists are hung from face of SIP panel, as by Simpson Strong-tie hanger type
IUQ or HIUQ, please contact Sips Eco Panels Technical Department for design of SIP
wall panel.

7. The values quoted in Table B.1 are based on vertical axial line loads only, i.e. from
trusses / joists @ maximum 600mm crs. Significant point loads must be supported
by an appropriate number of timber studs.
(as per SIP frame Engineer's design).

37 Sips Eco Panels Design Guide

 ANNEX C:
“Glued-SIP-Lintels”

Table C.1: Maximum Spans (mm) for Glued-SIP-Lintels

Permanent & Long-term Loads (KN/m)

4KN/m 6KN/m 8KN/m 10KN/m 12KN/m 14KN/m

Variable
Loads 4KN/m 2250 1800 1500 1275 1100 950
(KN/m)

6KN/m 1750 1450 1250 1075 950 850

8KN/m 1425 1225 1075 950 850 N/A!

10KN/m 1200 1050 925 850 N/A! N/A!

12KN/m 1050 925 825 N/A! N/A! N/A!

14KN/m 900 825 N/A! N/A! N/A! N/A!

Table C.1 Notes:

1. N/A denotes span and/or load exceed capacity.

38 Sips Eco Panels Design Guide

2. The values have been calculated based on design to EN1995-1-1 and
associated standards and National Annexes. Load durations also accord to
this standard.
3. The loads stated above are line loads, applied from joists, studs and/or
trusses which are spaced at maximum 610mm crs. The loads stated in the
table are unfactored loads.
4. The SIP glued lintel design is based on a 270mm deep lintel, extending from
underside of 45mm timber rail (directly over opening) to top of rail directly
beneath head-binder.
The depth of 270mm is based on the following: “Wall panel height of 2.4m –
opening head height of 2.11m - 20mm head-binder”.
The tables can be used for deeper lintels. Please contact Sips Eco Panels
Technical Department for more shallow SIP lintels or alternatively use solid
timber, Glulam or steel lintels in lieu.
The table is applicable for SIP lintel widths of 119mm or greater.
5. Variable Loads are considered to be all imposed loads, except long-term (i.e.
storage loads) which have been included with the permanent loads. This table
is based on medium-term variable loads, i.e. imposed floor loads, which is the
most onerous of the remaining variable loads (as long-term loads not
included). Therefore the tables can also safely apply to vertical roof imposed,
snow and wind loads.
6. The permanent and dead loads row shall be calculated by adding all applied
permanent and long-term loads that apply on the lintel (from all levels above
that impart load onto the lintel).
7. The variable loads shall be calculated by adding all applied medium-term,
short-term and instantaneous loads that apply on the lintel (from all levels
above that impart load onto the lintel). These include, but are not limited to,
floor imposed load, roof imposed load, snow load, etc. based on the standard
load case rules stated in EN 1990. Ψ factors can be applied to secondary
variable loads as usual. Snow load shall not be combined with roof imposed
load.
8. The maximum calculated spans (in mm) stated are the clear spans between
inside faces of timber stud supports.
9. The design of the lintels is based on the gluing of the OSB webs to the top
and bottom timbers (flanges). The glued connection is critical to achieving the
required spans under a set of loads. The following criteria must be achieved:
9.1 The glue must conform to BS EN 301 (exposure Type 1 or 2). This may
require a different glue to that used to adhere the OSB to the EPS insulation.
9.2 The glue must be applied to ensure full spread between all OSB webs / timber
flange connections. To ensure adequate adhesion, the OSB must tightly abut

39 Sips Eco Panels Design Guide

 the top and bottom flange timbers. Screwing the OSB to the timber will allow a
tighter finish. To ensure acceptable quality control, the gluing must be carried
out in the factory.
The top and bottom flange timbers may require timber widths with a tighter
tolerance in order to achieve abutting of OSB skins to these timber members.
9.3 The 11mm OSB3 boards, at each side, must be continuous and unbroken for
entire length of glued SIP lintel. The OSB3 board must be oriented so that the
strands are oriented horizontally!
9.4 At the ends of the lintels there must be at least 1 no. vertical timber member
between the 2 timber flanges. Where more that 1 supporting stud is specified,
there should be addition vertical timber members within the SIP lintel, i.e. 1
vertical squash block in lintel for very cripple stud specified.
9.5 Timber top and bottom flanges to be continuous and unbroken for full length
of glued SIP lintel, including over supports. Timber top flange will be at same
level as top-rail for adjacent panels. Head-binder must be continuous across
joints between top flange of lintel and adjacent top-rails in order to allow for
adequate restraint of lintel.

Signed _________________Chartered Engineer Date: 06.01.2015.

TIM KELLY

Qualifications: BSc.Eng Dip.Eng C.Eng MIEI

40 Sips Eco Panels Design Guide