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Contents
Language Focus Reading

UNIT 1 Something to shout about Celebrations; career success; collocations; words often Cross-text multiple matching
(pp. 7-26) confused; idioms; fixed phrases with on; phrasal verbs; (part 6);
Communication: giving and responding to news multiple choice (part 5)
Ambition, success, achievement, happiness
Module 1

UNIT 2 Escape Artists Pastimes and hobbies; leisure activities; adjectives; Multiple choice (part 5);
(pp. 27-46) collocations; idioms; fixed phrases with at; phrasal gapped text (part 7)
verbs; Communication: making and responding to
Travel, entertainment, leisure, relaxing suggestions; interrupting
Progress Check Module 1 (pp. 47-50)

UNIT 3 People Power Family; characteristics; words often confused; Multiple choice (part 5);
(pp. 53-72) collocations; idioms; fixed phrases with of; phrasal multiple matching (part 8)
verbs Communication: apologising
People, families, appearances
Module 2

UNIT 4 Growing Concerns Crime and the law; punishment; charity; social issues; Cross-text multiple matching
(pp. 73-92) workers in the legal system; phrasal verbs; idioms; (part 6);
fixed phrases with against; Communication: discussing gapped text (part 7)
Social problems, civil liberties, problems and offering solutions
unemployment, poverty, international
issues, environmental problems
Progress Check Module 2 (pp. 93-96)
UNIT 5 Our Changing World Science and technology; computers; collocations; Multiple choice (part 5);
(pp. 99-118) phrasal verbs; idioms; fixed phrases with in; multiple matching (part 8)
Communication: sharing opinions
Technology, computers, space travel,
technology in everyday life
Module 3

UNIT 6 A Job Well Done Jobs, work and workplaces; collocations; idioms; fixed Cross-text multiple matching
(pp. 119-138) phrases with on; phrasal verbs; Communication: polite (part 6);
requests gapped text (part 2)
Work, the workplace, business,
professions
Progress Check Module 3 (pp.139-142)

UNIT 7 Fit for Life The human body; problems; treatments; sports; Multiple matching (part 8);
(pp. 145-164) playing areas; collocations; idioms; fixed phrases with multiple choice (part 5)
under; phrasal verbs; Communication: making
Health, fitness, medicine, sport & appointments
exercise
Module 4

UNIT 8 Live and Learn School, college, university; study methods; subjects; Multiple choice (part 5);
(pp. 165-184) learning; collocations; idioms; fixed phrases with by; gapped text (part 7)
phrasal verbs; Communication: describing similarities/
School, education, university life, differences
educational issues
Progress Check Module 4 (pp. 185-188)

UNIT 9 The Image Business Image; looks; films; collocations; idioms; fixed phrases Gapped text (part 7);
(pp. 191-210) with down; phrasal verbs; Communication: expressing cross-text multiple matching
surprise; calling 999 (part 6)
The fashion industry, image, the visual arts
Module 5

UNIT 10 Shop Around Shopping; money; advertising; collocations; idioms; Gapped text (part 7);
(pp. 211-230) fixed phrases with carry; phrasal verbs; multiple choice (part 5)
Communication: placing/confirming an order; making/
Shopping, the economy, advertising, answering a complaint
money
Progress Check Module 5 (pp. 231-234)
Further Practice (pp. 235-247)
Grammar Reference (p. 249)
Irregular Verbs (p. 259)
Appendix 1 – Phrasal Verbs (p. 260)
Appendix 2 – Linking Words/Phrases (p. 261)

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Use of English Listening Speaking Writing

Grammar: gerund / infinitive; Exam practice: parts 2, 4 Exam practice: part 2; useful Letters/emails (1)
exam practice: parts 1, 2, 3 language: comparing and
speculating; peer assessment

Grammar: present tenses; Exam practice: parts 1, 4 Exam practice: parts 3, 4; useful Reviews (1):
stative verbs; exam practice: language; peer assessment books/films/music
parts 1, 2, 3, 4

Grammar: the past; used to and Exam practice: parts 2, 3 Exam practice: part 2; useful Essays (1)
would; exam practice: parts 1, language; comparing and
2, 3, 4 speculating; peer assessment

Grammar: the passive; the Exam practice: parts 1, 2, Exam practice: parts 3, 4; useful Reports
causative; exam practice: parts 4 language; evaluating; peer
1, 2, 3, 4 assessment

Grammar: the future; exam Exam practice: parts 3, 4 Exam practice: part 2; useful Review of Writing Tasks (1)
practice: parts 1, 2, 3, 4 language; comparing and
assessing; peer assessment

Grammar: conditionals & Exam practice: parts 1, 2 Exam practice: parts 3, 4; useful Proposals
wishes; exam practice: parts 1, language: discussing, evaluating
2, 3, 4 and selecting; peer assessment

Grammar: inversion; modal Exam practice: parts 3, 4 Exam practice: part 2; useful Letters/emails (2)
verbs; exam practice: parts 1, language: describing, speculating
2, 3, 4 and eliminating; peer assessment

Grammar: relatives; exam Exam practice: parts 1, 3 Exam practice: parts 3, 4; useful Essays (2)
practice: parts 2, 3, 4 language; discussing,
hypothesising and selecting; peer
assessment

Grammar: reported speech and Exam practice: parts 2, 4 Exam practice: parts 3, 4; Reviews (2):
reporting verbs; exam practice: discussing, evaluating and events, concerts, products, etc
parts 1, 2, 3, 4 selecting; peer assessment

Grammar: articles and Exam practice: parts 1, 3 Exam practice: parts 3, 4; useful Review of Writing Tasks (2)
punctuation; exam practice: language; discussing, evaluating
parts 1, 2, 3, 4 and selecting; peer assessment

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Published by Express Publishing

Liberty House, Greenham Business Park, Newbury,

Berkshire RG19 6HW, United Kingdom
Tel.: (0044) 1635 817 363
Fax: (0044) 1635 817 463
email: [email protected]
www.expresspublishing.co.uk

© Virginia Evans – Jenny Dooley – Lynda Edwards 2014

Design and Illustration © Express Publishing, 2014

First published in this edition 2014

Third impression 2016

Made in EU

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced,

stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form, or by any
means, electronic, photocopying, or otherwise, without the prior
written permission of the publishers.

This book is not meant to be changed in any way.

ISBN 978-1-4715-2970-2

Acknowledgements
Authors’ Acknowledgements
We would like to thank all the staff at Express Publishing who have contributed their skills to producing this book. Thanks are due
in particular to: Megan Lawton (Editor in Chief), Stephanie Smith and Michael Sadler (senior editors); Andrew Wright (editorial
assistant), Brian O’Neil (senior production controller) and the Express Publishing design team; Warehouse (recording producer) and
Emily Newton, Kevin Harris, Daniel Parker, Erica Thompson and Timothy Forster for their support and patience. We would also like
to thank those institutions and teachers who piloted the manuscript, and whose comments and feedback were invaluable in the
production of the book.

The authors and publishers wish to thank the following who have kindly given permission for the use of copyright material.
Unit 1: “Life’s good. Why do we feel bad?” © Richard Reeves, The Observer, www.observer.co.uk; Unit 2: “The book of the century” by
Andrew O’Hehir © Salon Media; “Travel Section” © Tony Perrottet/Times Newspapers Limited, London; Unit 3: “How to be a Supergran!”
© Gael Lindenfield, author of 16 best-selling self-help books (www.gaellindenfield.com); “30-Second Commercial” © BBC Health; “Tell
People’s Stories” © BBC Health; “The Anchor Exercise” © BBC Health; “Be Your Own Hero” © BBC Health; “William Shakespeare” by Annabel
Brog and Kitty Melrose © J-17; Unit 4: “Judgment Day” © Blake Morrison, The Guardian, www.guardian.co.uk; Unit 5: “The Search for
Artificial Intelligence” by Robert Matthews © Telegraph Group Limited; “Moonstruck” © Sean O’Hagan is a features writer for the Observer,
London. This feature originally appeared in the Guardian Weekend Magazine; Unit 6: “Get the best out of meetings”, by Neasa MacErlean
© The Observer, www.observer.co.uk; “Getting a Life” © Matthew Brown is a former editor of the race relations magazine, Connections,
and the political magazine, Citizen, and has reported from three Olympic Games and five World Athletics Championships; “Job bank:
Firefighter” © BBC; Unit 8: “How I got my First” © Mark McArdle, We acknowledge with thanks the kind permission of the University of
Lancaster’s Innovation and Enterprise Unit to use extracts from the book ‘How I got my first class degree‘; “It’s a pity reading pleasure can’t
be tested” © Anne Karpf, The Guardian, www.guardian.co.uk; Unit 9: “A new image in seven steps” by Juliet Shedden © The Guardian,
www.guardian.co.uk; “Survivor” by Jess Cartner-Marley © The Guardian, www.guardian.co.uk; “Introduction to Matisse and Picasso” ©
Tate Online; “When anorexia is kid’s stuff” by Peta Bee © Sunday Times; “Next year’s model” by Carolyn Bowden © Saturday Daily Express;
“Museum of the Moving Image (MOMI)” © Time Out Group Ltd; Unit 10: “Gazumping: What options do you have” © BBC; “Shopping – It’s
a Guy thing” by Margarette Driscoll and Jane Mulkerrins © Sunday Times; “Those crazy kids” by Julia Day © The Guardian,
www.guardian.co.uk; “Convenient and high quality, but there is a price to pay” by Jill Insley © The Observer, www.observer.co.uk; “You
cannot be serious!” by Rachel Gordon © The Guardian, www.guardian.co.uk; “One woman in five is a shopaholic” by Tracy McVeigh © The
Observer, www.observer.co.uk; “Women seduced into debt by web” by Paul Harris © The Guardian, www.guardian.co.uk; “Consumer
Watch: The Myth of Secure E-shopping” by Anna Kandra © PCWorld.com; Progress Check Module 1: “Transitions – One Man’s Story” ©
Copyright, Kenneth F. Byers; Progress Check Module 2: “Social exclusion: the issue explained” by David Batty © The Guardian,
www.guardian.co.uk; “The Making of a hero” © Melissa Lawrence; Progress Check Module 3: “I’m not a waitress, I’m an actress” © Real;
Progress Check Module 4: “Emotional Rescue” by Jo Carlowe © These extracts are taken from Focus Magazine, the UK-based science and
discovery monthly (to subscribe please call +44 (0) 1858 438822);

Photo acknowledgements: p. 188 top right © Jupiter Images;

Colour Illustrations: Chris, Stone © Express Publishing 2014

Music Compositions & Arrangement by Taz © Express Publishing 2014
Every effort has been made to trace all the copyright holders. If any have been inadvertently overlooked, the publishers will be pleased
to make the necessary arrangements at the first opportunity.

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1
Something to Shout About
A

b. Decide on three of the elements in Ex. 2a which

you think are most important for success.
Lead-in Compare your list to your partner’s.

1 a. Look at the pictures showing people expressing 3 Look at the following list of qualities and, in pairs,
discuss in which profession(s) you think each one is
joy on different occasions. What has happened
necessary and why.
to make them feel happy?
• physical strength • quick thinking • determination
b. Now, in pairs, discuss success. Think about: • foresight • diplomacy • discipline • imagination
• intellect • powers of persuasion • team spirit
• its importance in our lives • the happiness it brings
• the problems it causes • lawyer • teacher
• business executive • politician
2 a. Listen to some people talking about what they
•
•
firefighter
footballer
•
•
car salesman
doctor
believe to be the secret of success and complete
• art director • novelist
the gaps using a word or short phrase.

1 Always ......................................................................... A: I think strong powers of persuasion are essential for

when other people doubt you. someone like a car salesman because he has to be
2 Block out ............................................................... and able to talk people into buying from him.
keep going. B: Politicians need this, too, in order to gain support
3 Channel your efforts in the right direction and don’t get for an idea or a policy, don’t you think?
................................................................................... .
4 Remind yourself of ..................................... in different
ways. 4 Think! Paraphrase the following quotations. Do
Think!
you agree with them? Why (not)? Discuss in pairs.
5 Practise being ...............................................................
.................................... until it becomes second nature. ‘Success usually comes to those who are too busy to be
6 Be organised and ....................................................... . looking for it.’
7 Never .............................................................. yourself Henry David Thoreau (American poet & philosopher)
and believe you are as good as everyone else.
‘You always pass failure on the way to success.’
Mickey Rooney (American comedian)
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Reading

Reading and Use of English – Part 6

1 Discuss these questions with a partner.

• What does personal success mean to you?

• What factors contribute to success in life?
• Is it possible to teach success?

Preparing for the task

Cross-text multiple matching
Four reviewers comment
on one man’s inspirational story.
2 a. Read the question, paying attention to the underlined sections.
Then read three extracts (A, B and C) from three reviews.
Underline the words and phrases in A, B and C which refer to the A Eric Thomas was a high school dropout
opinion in the question. What is the answer to the question? who overcame adversity to achieve
success as an educator, author and
Which reviewer has a different opinion to reviewer A on the motivational speaker. Now, in The Secret
to Success, he tells his life story so far, of 5
author’s account of how her success was achieved?
how, through blood, sweat and tears,
a troubled youth went from rags to
A As much as I enjoyed reading this book, I feel that it is somewhat misleading riches. Yet this book attempts to do
as the author implies, through her own personal example, that it’s possible to more, and this is where the problem lies.
rise to greatness without putting in many long years of hard work. Obviously, such a struggle is by its very 10
nature inspirational, but Thomas is in the
business of self-improvement, and every
incident in his admittedly bleak childhood
is detailed for the purpose of giving the
B In terms of her own remarkable accomplishments, the author never once
reader a life lesson. And this becomes a 15
gives the impression that any of them were achieved with minimal effort. little wearing. In this ebook age, it's
Rather, they required both effort and persistence. common to find the same book
promoted in various ways, but to open
The Secret to Success expecting an
autobiography is to close it frustrated 20
C Books based on success stories generally fall into two categories. There are the
with the relentlessly positive tone and
ones in which the author glories in sudden good fortune, and the others that
black-and-white conclusions of a self-
detail the painful years of underachievement and perseverance. This book
help book – which is, when you come
belongs to the first category. down to it, what The Secret to Success
is. 25

STRATEGY POINT
• In part 6 of the Reading and Use of English paper you will have to read a
number of short texts giving different views on a related theme – such as
different reviews of the same book or four experts giving their opinion on a
subject.
• You have to read all four texts to understand the opinions and attitudes
expressed in order to identify agreement and disagreement between the
writers.
• Read through all four texts quickly to understand the overall attitude of each
writer.
• Underline the parts of each text which express an opinion or an attitude. Are
they positive or negative?
• Now look at each question and underline the key words.
• Identify the parts of the text which will help you answer the question. For
example, if a question asks which reviewer has a similar opinion to reviewer C
on something, identify reviewer C’s opinion first, then find a similar opinion in
the other three texts.
• Don’t forget that some extracts may be the answer to multiple questions and
some extracts may not be the correct answer to any of them.

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1
b. Now read the reviews in the main text and, for
questions 1-4, choose from the reviews A-D.
B Eric Thomas's autobiography, The Secret to Success, The reviews can be chosen more than once.
depicts a hopeless, homeless youth on the mean
streets of Detroit turning his life around to become an Which reviewer
acclaimed author and professional motivator. shares reviewer B's view on the difficulty
Criticism of American dream narratives like this is 5 of escaping poverty? 1
almost forbidden these days, but I feel I must speak has a different opinion to the others
out. Granted, Thomas never claims he found an easy on how Eric Thomas's life turned around? 2
road to success, but emphasises traditional values like has a similar opinion to reviewer C about
using elbow grease, putting your back into it and
Eric Thomas's storytelling abilities? 3
doing the legwork. His story is well-written and 10
disagrees with reviewer A on how well the
engaging, and the tone is upbeat, warm and
autobiographical and motivational parts
personable. Thomas made it as an inspirational
of the book work together? 4
speaker, part of an industry whose central principal is
that everyone can reach their full potential as long as
they are prepared to really stretch themselves. But this 15
Vocabulary Practice
only works for some; most don't escape the ghetto,
skilled as it is at crushing the young well before they
have had a chance to flourish.
3 a. Match the words to form phrases. Use each to
make a sentence based on the text.

1 high school a author

2 life b lesson
C I don't usually go for self-help books, but The Secret
c your full potential
to Success was different. I found the passionate and 3 achieve
energetic style you always get in motivational books d youth
4 motivational e success
far more believable and convincing because of Eric
Thomas's life story. There were no short cuts or cheap 5 5 self-help f tone
psychological tricks in his struggle, and he doesn't 6 reach g speaker
pretend there are. My journey was long, uphill and the h adversity
7 acclaimed
going was rough, he keeps telling us. And knowing i book
that he was a young man living on the streets of 8 troubled j dropout
Detroit's inner city will convince the reader that he 10 9 upbeat
knows what he's talking about. At the same time, the
10 overcome
narrative parts of the book hold up very well as a
literary text, and you find yourself rooting for the young
b. Explain the phrases in bold in the texts.
Eric Thomas just as you did Huckleberry Finn and
every other hero of American literature. 15
Text Analysis

4 What does each writer mean by the underlined

phrases? Discuss in pairs.
D What struck me the most about The Secret to Success
was the lack of cohesion between the reality and the Discussion
message. Throughout, the reader is encouraged to
pull himself or herself up by the bootstraps, but the 5 a. Below are three quotations about success. Do you
most significant event in young Eric Thomas's life was 5 agree with them? Why/Why not? Discuss in pairs.
when, aged 17, he met his mentor, who steered him
back into education. Although we should admire him "In order to succeed, your desire for success
for taking that opportunity and running with it, surely should be greater than your fear of failure." (Bill
what Thomas should be presenting is a quite different Cosby)
message – that these people need a helping hand 10 "I've failed over and over and over again in my life
and a glimmer of hope, not just encouragement. After
and that's why I succeed." (Michael Jordan)
all, words alone are not always enough to guide the
"Try not to be a man of success, but rather try to
underprivileged onto the correct path.
become a man of value." (Albert Einstein)

b. Tell your partner about someone you know who

has become successful, saying what qualities
and circumstances you believe helped him/her.

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Language Focus

Let’s Celebrate! 2 a. Listen to two people talking. What special

occasion is being described? How does the girl
feel about the celebration she went to?
1 a. Look at the newspaper announcements, text
messages and excerpts from greeting cards below.
To which of the following events is each one related? b. In pairs, discuss the best celebration you have
ever attended. Think about:
• house-warming • engagement • wedding
• promotion • retirement • graduation • the reason for the celebration
• anniversary • birth • how many people attended
• where it was celebrated
A ROBERTSON Elaine (née Marshall) and Mark are • what kind of food was served
pleased to announce the arrival of their daughter Ellen • what entertainment there was
Rachel, on 1st April, 2014, a welcome sister for Matthew,
• how long it lasted
Hannah and Daniel.

B Mrs Maureen Holland of Sunnybank wishes to announce the

forthcoming marriage of her youngest daughter CATHERINE LOUISE to
Getting to the Top
BENNY URDAL HANSEN on 24th April in Abu Dhabi, U.A.E. Love and
congratulations from Mum, Michael, Julie and Dale. 3 Complete each sentence, using one of the three
words provided.
1 • Although I always make a New Year’s ........................ , I
seldom manage to stick to it for more than a month.
• The board’s ..................... to sell company shares to the
C public met with strong resistance.
• As vice-president, my main ....................... is to increase
productivity while improving working conditions.
A objective B resolution C decision

2 • In celebration of their .......................... , the entire

team stood in the centre of the field and sang their
national anthem.
• After a decade of dedicated research, the scientist finally
D MY SINCERE GRATITUDE FOR OVER 30 YEARS OF made the ....................... he had been striving for.
LOYAL SERVICE – IAIN HOLDEN, PRESIDENT • In recognition of her life-long ............................... in the
entertainment field, a huge reception was held in her
honour.
E
A victory B achievement C breakthrough

3 • Business ........................ should be a required course

for all students enrolled in the MBA programme.
• It is imperative for children to acquire strong moral
........................ at a young age.
• A good manager can make a business profitable while
still respecting the ........................ of the workers.
A values B ethics C rights
F
STEINBACH, EMILY You’re a Winner! Congratulations on your BSc. 4 • The young poet said that he got his ...................... from
Lots of love from Mum and Dad and all the family. xxx the beauty of nature.
• His ........................ with money and power might have
G MAY YOU FIND EVERY HAPPINESS IN YOUR NEW made him a millionaire, but he’s not a happy man.
HOME – FRANK & JUDIE • In order to get ahead in the advertising industry, one
must have a strong ........................ to succeed.
H PEACOCK – HOOD It is with much happiness that we A ambition B inspiration C obsession
announce the engagement of Mr Brian Peacock and Miss 5 • King Albert’s reign was one of peace and .................... .
Barbara Hood. • They say that he made his ..................... through good
luck and the help of influential acquaintances.
b. Which of the above celebrations have you • In these days of economic decline, owning more than
attended? Were you the person celebrating or one vehicle is considered a ..................... .
were you invited as a guest to the occasion? A luxury B prosperity C fortune
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1
c. Read the short biography of Steve Jobs below.
Career Success
Which of the qualities in Ex. 4a did he have?
Which didn’t he have?
4 a. Look at the following factors which may be
important for career success. Tick (✓) a
maximum of three in each group which you
consider absolutely necessary.
Steven Paul Jobs (1955-2011) was
born in California, USA. In 1974 he
dropped out of college to work as a
video game designer. He was able to
save enough money to go to India and
experience Buddhism.
Back in the US in the autumn of
1974, Jobs went into business with his
high-school friend Stephen Wozniak.
Jobs understood that computers would
appeal to a broad audience. Although
he had long, unkempt hair and dressed casually, he managed to
obtain finance for his first marketable computer, the Apple II, in
1977. Apple Inc. was formed and met with immediate success.
Seven years later, Jobs introduced the Macintosh computer
in a brilliantly choreographed demonstration that he gave himself.
However, the sales of the first Macs were disappointing. This led
background to tensions in the company, and in 1985 he resigned.
• social background • financial backing In 1986, Jobs bought Pixar Animation Studios. Over the
• influential acquaintances • a well-rounded education following decade he built Pixar into a large corporation that,
• relevant experience among other achievements, produced the first full-length film to
• qualifications • a supportive family be completely computer-animated, Toy Story, in 1995.
• experience of other cultures In late 1996, Apple, saddled by huge financial losses and on
the verge of collapse, asked Jobs to come back. He accepted,
and quickly engineered an award-winning advertising campaign
people skills that urged customers to “think different” and buy Macintoshes. In
• a positive image • popularity among colleagues 1998, he introduced the iMac, an egg-shaped computer that
• a sensitivity to others’ feelings • team spirit offered high-speed processing at a reasonable price. It was an
• competitive spirit • the ability to delegate instant success. Steve Jobs had saved his company and, in the
• a willingness to compromise process, re-established himself as a master high-technology
• having contact with superiors marketer.

other personal qualities

• the ability to seize opportunities • ambition
• determination • resilience d. Which of the qualities from Ex. 4a do you
• powers of intuition • persistence believe you have? Tell your partner.
• courage • an attractive appearance
• charisma • self-motivation Words often Confused
• natural talent • ruthlessness
• foresight 5 Underline the correct word.

1 The idea for a computerised house had first been considered

as far beyond/before/behind/back as the late 1950s.
b. Compare your choices with a partner, saying in 2 For the purpose/object/aim/intention of managing your
what situations you feel that the factors you finances, hiring an accountant is money well-spent.
ticked can play a vital part. 3 Situated direct/precise/right/exact beside the lake, the
villa has gone on sale for £750,000.
A: If you are in a profession that involves dealing with 4 The in-house regulations happen/occur/apply/agree to
people, a positive image can make them like you and all employees, regardless of status.
trust you. 5 A job advertisement for a programmer gripped/caught/
B: I know what you mean. I’ve also ticked ‘popularity’ seized/struck his eye, and he decided to apply.
because if you are popular in the workplace, 6 For a 10-year-old car, it is in excellent state/form/
colleagues are glad to help you or work with you. presentation/condition.
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Language Focus

b. Now, use the fixed phrases to fill in the gaps in

Collocations
the sentences.

6 a. Tick (✓) the boxes in the table to form 1 I don’t think there is a vacancy in the company at the
collocations. Think of at least two more phrases moment, but you could ring my boss on the off- chance.
for each verb. 2 I think I’ll take Sarah to a fancy restaurant for her
birthday. ......................................................., let’s have
get gain win earn a surprise party at home.
3 Chris owns a line of successful boutiques in the UK and
control of a situation
believe it or not, she manages them completely ............
promotion ..................................... .
the title 4 We’re pleased to announce that our proposed sales
sb’s respect figures for the year are right ....................................... .
5 I’d love to go to the house-warming party with you but
a reputation
I’m ................................... and really can’t afford a gift.
the right to do/have sth
experience
a salary Phrasal Verbs
one’s living Appendix 1
the advantage
8 Match the verbs with the particles to form phrasal
verbs and use them in the correct tense to
complete the sentences below. Then explain the
b. Now use some of the collocations in their
phrasal verbs in your own words.
correct form to complete the sentences below.

1 The heavyweight champion ………....……..........…. off

on
........................ over his opponent in the last round of
the match.
2 She went to work in a restaurant to ……..........…… through carry down
....................…..........…. as a chef.
3 Although he’s incredibly wealthy now, when he first
wear
came to this country he …………..…..................…. over
...................... as a dish washer. out
4 He’s very well-paid for his freelance writing but he also away
…................................................…. from the bookshop
where he works.
5 She …………............................................…. as a tough 1 Her employer’s persistent enthusiasm for the new
businesswoman by sticking to her principles and never scheme ........................................... her resistance to it.
backing down from the competition. 2 A trainee ………....................................................…….
his superior’s orders quickly and efficiently.
3 The speaker ………...........…...…. with the presentation
Fixed Phrases (phrases with on) despite the noise from the back of the room.
4 At a very young age she determined what her career
7 a. Match the fixed phrases with their meanings. goals were and set out to ….....……. them ............... .
5 Unfortunately, the difficulties he was having at work
1 on the off chance a working ...........…............................…. into his personal life.
2 on second thoughts b just in case 6 After the shock of being made head manager slowly
3 on a whim c due to a belief ........................................……….. , James went about
4 on a budget d impulsively settling the difficulties between members of his staff.
5 on principle e after reconsideration 7 As the day ……….............……. , the graduates became
6 on one’s own f intentionally more and more excited about the upcoming ceremony.
7 on target g as planned 8 The champion runner liked to joke that he …...........…..
8 on duty h only if over a hundred pairs of trainers before he won his title.
9 on purpose i independently 9 To everyone’s disbelief, the Jamaicans ……….........….
10 on condition that j with a limited the gold medal in the men’s bobsleigh event.
amount of money 10 I’m sure you’ll get the position. Now stop pacing or
you’ll …….....…....................… the polish on the floor!
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1
Idioms 11 a. Listen to four short extracts. Match the extracts
as you hear them with the situations.
9 a. Match items from the two columns to make
A promotion Extract 1
idioms. In pairs, guess what the idioms might
B marriage
mean. Do you have similar idioms in your Extract 2
C multiple births
language?
D postponing a date Extract 3
1 d have the world a seventh heaven
Extract 4
2 be in b the Joneses
3 be a feather c in one’s cap
4 have one’s head d at one’s feet b. Listen again and tick (✓) the phrases that you
5 keep on e show hear.
6 keep up with f to the bone
Giving News Responding to Good News
7 rub sb up the g up to the top
• I’m afraid I’ve got some bad • You can’t be serious!
8 steal the h in the clouds
news. • Who’d have ever thought!
9 work one’s fingers i top of things
• I regret to inform you that ... • I can’t believe this!
10 work one’s way j wrong way
• You’ll never guess ... • Wow! That’s fantastic.
• I hate to tell you this, but ... • Congratulations!
b. Now, rewrite the sentences below using one of • You’re never going to • You’re joking!
the idioms from Ex. 9a. believe this, but … • That’s incredible!
• You can’t imagine what • That’s very good news
1 Due to the success of her latest CD, the number of
happened then! indeed!
opportunities open to the young diva are limitless.
• I have wonderful news for
Due to the success of her latest CD, the young diva has Responding to Bad News
you.
the world at her feet. • Oh, no!
• I’m pleased to inform you
2 My grandfather, who was a poor farmer, laboured night • That’s terrible/awful/
that ...
and day to send his children to university. horrible!
• There’s a bit of a problem.
3 Nowadays, people are so busy competing with those • Oh, what a pity.
• I don’t like to be the bearer
around them that they forget to enjoy life. • Oh, my. That’s a shame.
of bad news, but ...
4 His ability to control the goings-on in the large company
made him a fantastic manager.
5 Over the years, Sue has steadily improved her position in
the law firm. c. Which of the phrases are formal and which are
informal?

Communication: Giving and d. Look at the phrases from Ex. 11b again. With a
Responding to News partner, act out dialogues similar to the ones
you heard in Ex. 11a, giving and responding to
10 a. Unjumble the coloured words to complete the news. Base your dialogues on some of the
cartoon caption below. following situations.
I’m elapsed to inform you that you • passing/failing an examination
got your promotion, but I rerteg to • losing/winning a match/competition
inform you that we’re bankrupt. • a disastrous holiday
• meeting an old friend you had lost touch with
• reading about someone you know in the
newspaper
• damaging/losing something
• getting a job
• being promoted/fired
• getting into university

A: I’m afraid I’ve got some bad news.

B: Oh, no. What’s the matter?
A: I’ve just got my chemistry exam results, and I’ve failed.
b. What other phrases for giving good and bad B: Oh, what a pity. And you worked so hard for it.
news can you think of?
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Listening & Speaking

Listening – Part 4 Listening – Part 2

Multiple matching Sentence completion
1 a. With a partner, talk about a special moment in
STRATEGY POINT
your life when you felt very happy.
• This part is a monologue.
• How old were you? • You will write a word or a short phrase for each gap.
• What was the situation? • Your answers must fit grammatically with the rest of the
• Who was with you? How did they feel? sentence.
• Read through the exercise before you listen. The sentence
stems contain information that you will hear in the
STRATEGY POINT listening text, but the information is worded differently.
To fill in the gaps correctly, be alert for information
• Take advantage of the time you have to look at the
contained in the stems, but in a paraphrased form.
questions before you have to listen to the recording. This
will help you predict the themes of the listening extracts.
• Both Tasks One and Two are based on the same extracts.
Concentrate on Task One in the first listening and on
2 a. You will hear an extract from a radio
programme about Google. Before you listen,
Task Two in the second listening. look at questions 1-8 and in pairs try to predict
• There are three items in each task that don’t match any what kind of information might be needed to
of the extracts. complete the gaps.

b. Now listen to the extract. For questions 1-8,

b. Now listen to five people talking about special
complete the sentences.
moments in their lives and do the following two
tasks.
Even the computer giant Microsoft is 1 of
Task One
Google’s success.
For questions 1-5, choose from the list (A-H) the
person who is speaking. Two students from Stanford University 2
Google.
A a nurse Speaker 1 1 For its success, Google relied on word of mouth, which is one of
B a lawyer
C a school leaver Speaker 2 2 the oldest methods of 3 a product.
D a fitness instructor
Speaker 3 3 America Online chose Google to be its 4
E a teacher
search engine.
F a sibling Speaker 4 4
G a pensioner The reporter mentions a professor, working in the
Speaker 5 5
H an actor 5 who was not engaged in serious research
but just browsing the Internet.
Task Two Like some other well-known brand names, it is now often spelt
For questions 6-10, choose from the list (A-H)
without a 6 letter.
what topic each speaker is talking about.
The reporter says that browsing the Internet is like
A getting a job 7
Speaker 1 6 the covers of old books.
B publishing a book
C watching a play Speaker 2 7 Google is a variant spelling of googol, a term invented by a
D passing an exam mathematician’s 8 almost one hundred
Speaker 3 8
E watching a prize-giving
years ago.
F having a baby Speaker 4 9
G finishing university
Speaker 5 10
H climbing a mountain

c. What other famous and very successful

c. In pairs, think of other situations where the products do you know of? Why do you think
remaining people in Task One could feel the they’re successful? Discuss in pairs.
same way.
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1
Speaking – Part 2
Long turn

Achievements Student A

3 a. Look at the pictures below. Compare two of the

A
pictures, and say what kind of success is B
C
portrayed in each one and who you think might
be feeling the happiest.
What differences are there between the occasions?
A
What do you think each situation means to
the person celebrating?

Student A

d. How do you think each celebration might develop?

B Useful language:
Comparing
• Both pictures show ...
• In both pictures the people are ...
• Both pictures were taken ...
• The main connection/similarity between these pictures is that ...
• The first picture shows ..., whereas the second one ...
• In the picture on the left ... whereas in the other one ...
• The main/most striking difference between the two pictures is ...
• There are several differences between the pictures: firstly, ...

Speculating
• They could/might/may be ...
• They seem/appear to be ...
• I suppose/assume/imagine that ...
• It could/might/may be that ...
• I can’t be sure/certain, but perhaps ...
What kind of
success is portrayed • Although I can’t be sure, perhaps ...
in each photo?
Who do you think
might be feeling the 4 Listen to two candidates doing the speaking
happiest? tasks above and compare their performance to
that of your classmates.

C Assess your classmates in terms of:

Student B • grammar and vocabulary • discourse management

• pronunciation • interactive communication
b. Who do you think may have worked the hardest
to achieve success?
Everyday English
• Responding to news
Celebrations
Student B 5 In pairs, decide what the other speaker has said and
use the expressions below in response.
c. Now look at the three pictures of different a Typical! d Good for her.
celebrations. Compare two of the pictures and b Alright for some. e Lucky you.
say what differences there are between the two c Poor you!
occasions and what each situation means to the
person celebrating. A: I’m sorry, but your computer can’t be fixed.
B: Typical!
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Reading

Reading and Use of English – Part 5

Multiple choice

1 You are going to read an article

about happiness. Before you read,
in pairs discuss the following.
1 Are the people of your generation
generally happier or unhappier than We've tried shopping and New Age cures, making
your parents’ generation?
money and spending it. We’re still miserable.
2 Look at the title and introduction
to the article. What do you think What’s missing from our lives?
the writer’s answer to his question
will be? Read through quickly to Did you notice an outbreak of joviality and generosity last week? People
beaming at you as they let you go ahead in the bus queue, grinning as they
find out.
shared your morning traffic jam, smirking through the quarterly budget
planning meeting?
STRATEGY POINT No? The organisers of National Smile Week will be down in the mouth. 5
• Get the gist first by looking at the All their efforts to perk us up for at least seven days have run, it seems, into
title and reading the text quickly. the sand of our collective scepticism. Four out of ten of us think life has
• Read the questions and question become worse in the past five years. Two million of us are on anti-
stems (the actual questions, not depressants; only a minority of us think ‘people can be trusted most of the
the four choices). time'. Mix in some road/air/office/phone rage, a rise in reported incivility 10
• Read the text carefully and and a good dose of political apathy and the gloom looks even starker.
underline the parts which are We're a wretched lot.
relevant to the questions. All this when average house prices have blasted through the £200,000
• Choose an answer to each mark, when life expectancy continues to lengthen, mortality rates are
question.
dropping and more than a third of young people enjoy what was once the 15
elite privilege of higher education. We are healthy, wealthy and wise. Yet
Remember:
we've never felt so bad.
• Options which sound a lot like
If we seem like a nation of ingrates , it may be because all the goodies
the text (e.g. ones that use words
that are supposed to make us happy don't do it for us any more – even if
that also appear in the text) are
we have yet to wake up to the fact. So, your house is worth half a million. 20
usually wrong.
Karl Marx, who for all his faults knew a bit about capitalism, captured the
• Some wrong options may be
generally true, but they don’t
answer the question or they are
not true according to the text.
• Some wrong options are very 2 In the third paragraph, the writer says that higher education
nearly correct, apart from one A is only available to a small, privileged group.
word (e.g. an adverb like ‘never’). B is available to the whole of the population.
C is available to far more people than in the past.
D should only be available to young people.
2 For questions 1-6, choose the
3 In the fourth paragraph, the writer suggests that
answer (A, B, C or D) which you
A television programmes can make us unhappy.
think fits best according to the
B even Karl Marx suffered from jealousy.
text.
C people are realising that they have too many commodities.
1 What can be inferred about D our political system collapses when we compare possessions.
National Smile Week?
4 An increase in earnings fails to make most people happier because
A Its organisers did not expect it
A their expenses are incredibly high.
to succeed.
B they realise that’s not where happiness lies.
B It seems to have annoyed
C there is always someone who earns more.
some people.
D they don’t have financial problems.
C It was largely unsuccessful.
D It was not ambitious enough.

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1
keeping-up-with-the-Joneses dynamic of market
prosaic: once countries and households are free of
economies perfectly: ‘A house may be large or small; as
material need, the biggest contributor to life satisfaction
long as the neighbouring houses are likewise small, it
seems to be a healthy set of personal relationships. The
25 satisfies all the social requirements of a residence. But
relative happiness of late teenagers and those passing
let there arise next to the little house a palace and the
middle age may relate to their spending more time on 60
little house shrinks to a hut.' With mass media, the
friendships. The thirty somethings, fighting on the two
palace doesn't have to be next door – it can be beamed
fronts of work and children, are the most dejected. Those
into our living rooms.
between full-time education and retirement may be
30 Money doesn't make most of us happy any more.
spending more time on the activities they think will make
Poor people, understandably, see their life satisfaction
them happy – earning and spending – than on those that 65
rise with income but for most of the population in a
actually will: spending time with friends and family.
country as affluent as ours, any jump-start to well-
This friend-shaped gap explains the American paradox
being from a pay rise quickly wears off. ‘I was window-
– why the residents of the richest
35 shopping in the South of France recently and I saw a
nation in the world are so glum –
diamond-studded woolly hat, and I quite fancied it.'
according to Professor Robert E. 70
When we get to that stage we should realise that more
Lane at Yale University. ‘There
money isn't getting us much more in terms of
is a kind of famine of warm
happiness. Harrods is currently carrying a pair of shoes
interpersonal relations, of
40 priced at a cool million – imagine if somebody stepped
easy-to-reach neighbours,
on your foot.
of encircling, inclusive 75
But what about health? Surely the virtual elimination
memberships, and of
of most fatal diseases, rising life expectancy and falling
solid family life,’ he
mortality should be cheering us up? Not a bit of it. All
says.
45 that happens is that our expectations rise just as or
The secret of
even more quickly. Objectively, our health is better on
happiness? Not 80
almost every count, but this doesn't translate into our
money. So leave
feeling any healthier. We are more aware of our health,
the lawn, forget
so we get more anxious about it. Medicine has become
your investments
50 a victim of its own success: having massively reduced
and call in sick
the chances of death in childbirth, for example, people
tomorrow. Do 85
are now shocked if a life is lost – and reach for a lawyer.
yourself a
Death was unavoidable – now it is unacceptable.
favour. Phone a
Like the answer to many great problems, however,
friend.
55 the answer to the question of happiness may be quite

5 According to the writer, improvements in health Text Analysis

care
A made no difference to the public’s mood. 4 What does the writer mean by the underlined phrases in
B alleviated some health worries. the text? Discuss in pairs.
C directly led to increased anxiety.
D only caused complex legal issues. Discussion
6 On average, people in their early thirties
A have more friends. 5 a. The author believes that friends make you happy. How
B have happier marriages. far do you agree with this? Discuss in pairs giving reasons.
C are better-educated.
D face more problems. b. Read lines 7 to 10. (Four out ... time). These statements
are based on the results of a survey conducted to see
how happy people in Britain are. What do you think
Vocabulary Practice the findings of a similar survey would be in your
country? Discuss in groups.
3 a. Find at least three words or phrases in the
T hink! Make a list of the five most important
Think!
text which are synonyms for the word c.
‘miserable’. things which make you feel happy. Compare your list
to your partner’s. Which three are the most popular
b. Explain the highlighted words. among the class?
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Use of English

Gerund/Infinitive 2 I ignored the street noise and continued studying.

Grammar Reference 3 Let’s think of all the places where you might have left it.
4 He forgot her birthday so he sent her a big bouquet the
1 a. Rewrite the following sentences using a gerund,
next day.
as in the example.
5 I really need you to support me at the meeting.
1 It takes her ages to get to work. 6 I stopped trying to get my husband to do housework years
Getting to work takes her ages. ago.
2 It’s nearly impossible for me to do two things at the
same time.
3 It is very frustrating for her to have to deal with such a
4 Fill in the gaps in the following sentences using the
gerund or the infinitive of the verbs in parentheses.
problem on a Friday afternoon.
4 It makes me feel really happy to see old people holding 1 I enjoy ................................. (live) in Spain, but I do
hands. miss ................................. (go) out with my friends.
2 We agreed ................................. (meet) by the river at
8 o’clock, but they never showed up.
b. Now, answer these questions in the two ways
3 Frank failed ................................. (complete) the course
shown above.
and so he’ll have to retake it.
1 What takes you a long time? 4 I suggested ................................. (go) to the cinema,
2 What is nearly impossible for you? but Helen said she didn’t fancy .................................
3 What makes you feel really happy? (wait) in a queue.
5 I can’t really afford ................................. (buy) a car this
year.
2 a. Fill in the prepositions which usually follow
6 Martha practised ................................. (play) the piano
these phrases. Use a dictionary if you wish.
daily, but she seemed ................................. (make) little
progress.
1 to disapprove ............. 8 to compensate sb .........
7 Much as I dread ................................. (go) to the
2 to compliment sb ......... 9 to be guilty ...................
dentist, I don’t think I can avoid .................................
3 to be ashamed ............. 10 to be obsessed .............
(visit) him this time.
4 to apologise ............... 11 to consist .....................
8 She certainly mentioned ................................. (see)
5 to be involved ............ 12 to object ......................
Mark, but I don’t remember her .................................
6 to discourage sb ........... 13 to protest .....................
(talk) about Vicky.
7 to be keen ................. 14 to benefit .....................

b. Now write a sentence for each phrase, using a 5 Use the verbs below in their infinitive or -ing form
gerund after the preposition. to complete the six rules for achieving success.

I strongly disapprove of people using their smartphones • respect • focus • take • improve
while they drive. • imagine • concentrate

3 a. Match these phrasal verbs with their meanings.

A B
1 take up a rely
2 give up b start (e.g. a hobby)
1 You must ........................ yourself and others around
3 block out c stop trying
you.
4 count on d ignore
2 Remember, .......................... on the outcome of your
5 make up for e compensate
goal is a great motivator.
6 run through f examine
3 Try ............................. what your life will be like once
you have accomplished your aim.
4 Build up your motivation levels by .............................
your diet.
b. Rewrite the following sentences using the phrasal 5 You should always ............................... on the job at
verbs in Ex. 3a. Use gerunds where possible. hand – don’t get distracted.
6 You need to .................................... control over the
1 He’s been a stamp collector since he was five.
everyday events in your life.
He took up stamp collecting when he was five.

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1
Reading and Use of English – Part 1 STRATEGY POINT
Multiple-choice cloze • Read the whole text first to get an idea of its theme(s) and
content.
6 You will read a text on unusual ways to celebrate
• Consider meaning, naturalness and form.
birthdays.
• Style is important; a very formal word is unlikely to fit in an
a. Read the article quickly and answer these informal passage and vice versa.
questions.

1 What sort of activities are mentioned in the article?

2 Do you think the writer is an adventurous person?
3 How would you describe the tone of this article? Why?

b. Now read the article again and for questions 1-8,

decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits each
gap. There is an example at the beginning (0).

C way to celebrate that special occasion? Well, the

Looking for a 0) ..........
range of options open to today’s youngster – or even ‘oldster’ for that
matter, is a far 1) .......... from the traditional party or restaurant visit. No
longer is it enough to invite your friends round, buy some food and get a cake. No,
today’s birthday boy or girl is looking for something out of the ordinary, ranging from the
2) ......... expensive to the downright dangerous. Anything 3) .......... , as long as it is unusual and impressive.
Top of this year’s popular 4) .......... are as follows: taking some friends rally driving, for helicopter lessons,
on a plane trip, parachuting and hot air ballooning. Then, there is always group bungee jumping or taking
your buddies on a stomach-churning, white water rafting ride down rapids. Of course, if you have the
money, the world is your oyster. A 5) .......... relation of mine flew fifty of his friends to a Caribbean island
to mark the passing of his half century. Unfortunately, I was only a 6) .......... relation!
Undoubtedly, the more traditional forms of celebration do continue to 7) .......... the needs of the less
extravagant or more timid among us. However, with my own half century coming up on the horizon, I
wouldn’t say no to a weekend in Paris and a meal at the Eiffel Tower. I can but dream. Perhaps by the time
I’m eighty I’ll finally have enough money to 8) ........... .

B prominent C remarkable D renowned

0 A notorious
B out C afield D cry
1 A post
B dearly C outrageously D explicitly
2 A perfectly
B comes C wins D takes
3 A goes
B activities C actions D venues
4 A deeds
B prolific C promising D prosperous
5 A progressive
B remote C faraway D slight
6 A distant
B distract C absorb D satisfy
7 A pacify
B spare C afford D subsidise
8 A grant

7 Find words or phrases in the text above which are similar in meaning to the following.
1 unusual 4 frightening 7 approaching
2 thoroughly 5 there is no limit 8 I would like
3 close friends 6 less adventurous 9 it’s impossible for me
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Use of English

8 Put well in front of the verbs in the list, then use

Word Formation
them to complete the sentences. Which of the
verbs listed best completes the caption?
9 a. Complete the following sentences with words
• brought up • documented • spoken formed from the noun alarm.
• thought of • known • travelled • mannered 1 We had to call the doctor. Her temperature was
............................................... high.
1 She knows a great deal about different cultures. She’s
2 He’s always spreading rumours that we’re going bankrupt.
extremely .................................... .
He’s a real ............................................... .
2 You must have read his books. He’s a very .........................
3 Her exam results are quite ............................................ .
author.
Has she had any problems at home?
3 He was a quiet, pleasant, .................................... young
4 I was rather ............................................... by the
man.
message you left, so I came straight over.
4 Her parents had done a marvellous job with her. She
was very .................................... .
5 You can take little Tony with you anywhere. He’s
extremely .................................... . b. Complete the following sentences with words
6 Everybody respects him in the community. He’s very formed from the verb impress.
.................................... .
1 It was an ............................................... performance by
7 You can find out everything about the development of
Henman, who now looks set to win the tournament.
the Internet. It’s very .................................... .
2 He found the art exhibition rather ................................ ,
saying that he had expected to see more artists from
Why didn’t I wasn’t .................. abroad.
you stop when that way. 3 Jeremy was ............................................... by Shona’s
I waved at display of anger; after all, he was used to her losing her
you, Miss? temper.
4 He was anxious to make a good .....................................
on his fiancé’s parents, so he wore a white shirt and a
tie.
5 Tony is only 16 and he is easily influenced by those
around him; he’s a rather ...............................................
young man.

Reading and Use of English – Part 3

10 For questions 1-8, use the words in bold to form words that fit in the numbered
spaces in the text.
STRATEGY POINT
• Quickly skim through the
whole text to get an idea
Traditionally, a Chinese wedding 0) originated with an elaborate marriage ORIGIN of the topic and the tenses
1) ........................................... . The most important people in this process PROPOSE used.
were the bride and groom’s parents – not the young people themselves. • Try and identify what part
When the boy’s parents had identified a 2) ........................................... bride SATISFY of speech is missing from
for their son, they sent a go-between to the girl’s house with presents for her each gap.
parents. If the offer was acceptable to the girl’s parents, they sent back a
• Remember – in this part of
special chart with the date and hour that their daughter was born. This
the exam, your spelling must
document would then be placed on the 3) ........................................... altar ANCESTOR
for three days. In the 4) .......................................... of any inauspicious ABSENT be completely accurate.
omens, such as quarrels, accidents or 5) ........................................... in the ILL • Once you have decided on
family, the chart was then given to an astrology expert, to discover whether your answers, read through
the 6) ........................................... bride would make a good wife for their PROSPECT the text again, checking that
son. Should the expert look 7) ........................................... on the girl’s FAVOUR each word fits grammatically
horoscope, then a repeat of the whole process took place with the boy’s and in terms of meaning.
horoscope. Only after this would there be a face-to-face introduction of the
two young people and the engagement made 8) .......................................... . OFFICE

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1
Open Close

11 In Part 2 of the Reading and Use of

English paper, you have to complete
a short text with single words so
that it is grammatically and logically
correct.
a. Complete the sentences with a
suitable word.
1 I applied ................................. the job,
but I haven’t had an official reply yet.
2 In the .......................... of bad weather,
the graduation ceremony will be held
indoors.
3 You can count ....................... Emma to
organise a surprise party for Dan.
4 The job was re-advertised as .................
of the interviewees was suitable.
5 Companies ............................... as ours
have branches worldwide. Reading and Use of English – Part 2
6 The day on ............................. he finally
retired was very emotional for James.
12 For questions 1-8, read the text below and think of the word
b. What is being tested in the which best fits each gap. Use only one word in each gap. There is
sentences above? Match the part an example at the beginning (0).
of speech (a-f) to the sentences
(1-6). Give your reasons.
a
b
a phrasal verb
a relative pronoun
…..
….. High Five
c
d
a determiner
a fixed phrase
…..
….. for Success
e a dependent preposition …..
f a quantifier …..
of positive psychology are a permanent
The principles 0) .......
STRATEGY POINT feature of office life in 1) ............... day and age. Most
employees have participated in team building exercises, or
• The parts of speech in Ex. 11b are just some
attended seminars on the importance of positive feedback.
of the grammar phenomena you may
2) ............... this, researchers are still making new
encounter in the exam.
discoveries about positivity and its impact on office life.
• Read through all the text to get a good idea
of what it is about.
A recent study looked at 3) ............... high fives, hugs and
• Look for clues in the rest of the sentence as
team huddles among members of a basketball team
to what the missing word could be.
affected their performance. The focus of the study was the
• Do not just look at the words before and
extent to 4) ............... team members used such physical
after the gap. Read the complete sentence
contact to build trust and cooperation on the court. The
and even the whole paragraph to make
findings revealed a distinct connection 5) ............... physical
sure you write the correct word.
contact intended to reinforce positive emotions and the
• While this task mostly tests students’
team’s success on the pitch.
understanding of the structure of the
language, i.e., grammar, it may sometimes So 6) ............... though most companies prefer co-workers
test vocabulary like fixed phrases. to keep their distance from one 7) ................ . Even so, it
• There may be more than one answer for seems that a high five or good old pat on the back for work
some gaps. done well 8) ............... do a lot more for office morale than
• Read through the entire text after you have previously thought.
written all your answers to make sure it is
grammatically and logically correct.
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Writing: Letters/Emails (1)

b. Look at the situations below and, for each one,

Letters/emails appear in Part 2 of the CAE writing paper. imagine that you have to write a letter/email
They are written for a variety of reasons – e.g. to present expressing your objection. Use the phrases from
information, to make an application, to recommend someone Ex. 1a to suggest sentences that would be suitable.
or something, to complain, to apologise, etc.
Informal letters are written for similar reasons but are A You have just seen a TV documentary which was very
usually written to people you know. critical of your home town.
B You have recently heard that the college where you
The main difference between formal and informal letters/emails study English is planning to increase its fees.
is the language that is used. In all cases, it is essential that the C The government has announced plans to close down
style of the letter/email is appropriate for the target reader. the only remaining hospital in your town.
A letter/email should contain: D The local authorities have recently released plans to
• An introduction in which the reason for writing is clearly build a new office complex on fields near your home.
stated. In formal letters/emails, it is often necessary to E You recently read an article accusing people in your
state who you are. country of not caring about the environment.
• A main body in which the task is covered according to the
instructions given. Each different issue should be discussed
in a separate paragraph. You usually begin each main
Understanding the Rubric
body paragraph with a topic sentence. Examples and/or
explanations are then added in supporting sentences. 2 a. Read the rubric below, paying careful attention
to the underlined sections.
• A conclusion in which you restate the main points of the
letter/email and/or state an opinion. For formal letters/emails,
You recently read a newspaper article that claimed
any action you want to be taken should be clearly stated at
that most people in your country were happy with the
the end of the letter. In informal letters/emails, you usually
education system, public transport and how much
end by sending your wishes and perhaps asking the other
money they earned. You feel that the comments in
person to write back.
the article do not apply to your country and decide to
write to the editor of the newspaper.
Vocabulary Write your letter in 220-260 words.

1 a. Use the phrases given to fill in the gaps in the

sentences below, as in the example.

• take issue with • in addition to this

• is concerned • voice my concern about
• expressed the opinion that • with regard to
• views contained • which appeared in

1 I would also like to take issue with the statement made

by your journalist that the students of the college are to
blame for this situation.
2 I am writing to complain about the article ....................
............................ yesterday’s issue of your newspaper.
3 I am writing to ............................................................
the proposed changes to the education system in the
district.
4 The ..............................................................................
in your report were extreme and unfounded.
5 The writer ....................................................................
the project was a failure.
6 .................................................................., you should
consider the enormous progress that has been made.
7 ..................................................................... the effect
on the public, I feel that this will be considerable.
8 As far as the committee ..............................................,
they have done everything in their power to see that
this unfortunate event is not repeated.
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1
b. Now tick (✓) the appropriate boxes in the
statements below. Dear Sir/Madam,
a You should write: I am writing 1) ……....………………… the article
a formal letter an informal letter entitled ‘Everything’s just perfect, thanks!’ which
b It is going to be read by: recently appeared in your newspaper. I wish to express
someone you know someone you don’t know my disagreement with the views contained in the article.
c Your reason for writing is to: 2) ……....………………, I find it difficult to
present information make an application believe that such a large number of people are satisfied
recommend someone or something complain with the education system and with their working
apologise conditions. This is certainly not the case here, where
d In order to follow the instructions you should write a many people have complaints about the poor standard
letter agreeing disagreeing with the article. of education. 3) ………........…………, lack of job
satisfaction is known to be among the greatest causes of
e Tick the boxes below to show which of the points are
suitable for inclusion in this letter. Give reasons.
stress in this country.
• We do not feel that most people are happy
4) ……………......…………, it certainly is not
with their lives. true that most people are happy with public transport.
• I, for one, am very unhappy with my life. 5) …………....…………, one of the most commonly
• Many people in my country have complaints heard complaints is that there are insufficient buses and
about the education system. trains. It is a well-known fact that our public transport
• Most of us are happy with our jobs. system is seriously under-funded and our roads are
• A significant percentage of us would move if heavily congested. And, as far as city life is concerned, a
we could. significant percentage would move if they had the
• Lack of money is among the most commonly opportunity.
reported complaints. 6) ………………………, we feel it is unrealistic of
• Our public transport system is seriously you to claim that most people have enough money to
under-funded and our roads are heavily live on. Were this so, widespread poverty would not be
congested. an issue. Even those on the average income find making
ends meet a daily trial and, in most cases, the situation
is only getting worse.
7) ………………………, we found your article to
Analysing the Model be extremely subjective. We look forward to reading
more objective reporting in future issues.
3 Read the model on the right and use the words/
Yours faithfully,
phrases to fill in the gaps. Suggest alternatives
which could be used in their place. Then answer the
questions that follow.
Mark Wiseman
• furthermore • secondly • finally • to conclude Mark Wiseman
• in fact • first of all • with reference to

1 Does the introduction clearly state the reason for writing?

What other information is included in the first paragraph?
2 – Does the first sentence of each main body paragraph 4 How strongly does the writer feel about the points he
clearly state the topic of that paragraph? makes? Find examples of words or phrases which helped
– How does the writer support each of these sentences? you to decide. Then suggest how the letter could have
– Which point(s) from the rubric does the writer been written more or less forcefully.
address in each paragraph? 5 Complete the following sentences using ideas of your own.
3 How does the writer conclude the letter? • I find it difficult to believe that ................................
• It certainly is not true that ......................................
• It is a well-known fact that .....................................
• I feel it is unrealistic ................................................

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Writing: Letters/Emails (1)

Formal and Informal Style Topic and Supporting Sentences

How formal your letter/email needs to be depends on the

6 a. Read the following paragraphs and say whether
each one contains an explanation, an example, or
target reader and the reason for writing. It is very important both. Then think of an appropriate topic
to maintain the same level of formality throughout your sentence for each one. The first one has been
letter (in other words, you should not mix very formal done for you.
expressions with very informal ones). Study the guidelines.
A To begin with, there is a pressing need for renovation
Formal style includes:
work to be done to the college buildings. The library, in
• sophisticated vocabulary • impersonal tone • more frequent
particular, has not been decorated for several years
use of the passive voice • complex grammatical constructions
and is suffering from serious damp patches. [Example] If
• formal linking devices
work is not carried out soon, there is a very real danger
Informal style includes: that some of the books could be destroyed. [Explanation]
• colloquial (spoken) and idiomatic English • personal tone/
direct address • less frequent use of the passive voice • less B ...................................................................................
complex grammatical constructions • simple linking devices ...................................................................................
• less advanced vocabulary • contractions It certainly makes it easier for students to see how well
they are progressing. There are other benefits as well;
for example, exams give you that extra motivation you
need in order to learn new vocabulary or grammar
4 Look at the formal expressions on the left, which
items.
have all been taken from the model. Match them
with their less formal equivalents.
C .................................................................................

A B .................................................................................
For instance, you could sign yourself up for a course
1 I am writing a say how much I disagree of lessons in a new sport, or even dance classes – why
2 such a large number of b chance not? But the thing to remember is that, however hard
3 I/We find it difficult to c I thought I’d drop you a it is in the beginning, you will soon see the benefit.
believe that line
4 express my d everyone knows b. Now suggest what kind of letters the
disagreement e which was called paragraphs above could be taken from.
5 is seriously under- f so many
funded
g it can’t be right that
6 inaccurate
h wrong 7 Read the following topic sentences. Then, using the
7 a significant percentage prompts given, write supporting sentences to
i doesn’t have enough
8 it is a well-known fact complete each paragraph. Remember to keep the
9 opportunity money
style consistent throughout each paragraph.
10 entitled j a lot of people
a As far as I and my fellow students are concerned, success

5 a. Read the sentences below and say whether they in examinations is a very important part of the process of
learning English.
are formal or informal. Then suggest who the
target reader might be. • indication of progress • incentive to study • qualifications

1 It is a well-known fact that the school is seriously under- rter’s claim that
b I strongly disagree with your repo
funded.
our quality of life is improving.
2 In the article which was called ‘A National Disgrace’, the s
information was wrong. • stress • crime • financial difficultie
3 A lot of people would do this if they had the chance.
c I’m sure you’ll find a lot of things
4 It can’t be right that so many people believe this. in this magazine
that you’re interested in.
5 I am writing to express my disagreement with the
opinions in last night’s ‘Agenda’ on BBC2. • sections on sport/music • interesting
letters page
• up-to-date information

b. Now, using phrases from Ex. 4, and making to see

for giving me the chance
other necessary changes, rewrite the sentences d Thanks very much
in a different style. Discuss the effects that the how you run the club.
roach
at atmosphere• fresh app
different styles would have on the readers. • useful experience • gre
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1
Beginnings and Endings

FORMAL LETTERS INFORMAL LETTERS

Remember that formal letters begin and end with either: • An expression of gratitude
Dear Sir/Madam, ➝ Yours faithfully, or Informal letters usually begin and end with first names in the
Dear Mr/Mrs/Ms Smith, ➝ Yours sincerely, following way:
Dear John, ➝ Lots of love, Susan
All formal letters begin with the reason for writing – e.g. I am writing to
Dear Margaret ➝ Take care and write soon, Bill.
request .../inform you .../complain about .../apologise for .../apply for
.../etc Informal letters can begin with the reason for writing,
In addition, you can include one or more of the following: e.g. I thought I would write to let you know about this fantastic new
• who you are – e.g. I am writing on behalf of my English class ... course that’s being offered.
• a reference to something you have seen or read – e.g. I am writing
Alternatively, they can begin with an informal greeting,
in response to your article in last Tuesday’s issue of Education News.
e.g. How are you doing?
• details of place, time, people spoken to, etc, e.g. ... while I was
attending the seminars for students on 4th May. The closing comment depends on the content of the letter –
e.g. Write soon and let me know what you think./Why don’t you
Depending on the reason for writing, letters can end with one or
give it a try? etc
more of the following:
• A summary of the points made in the main body
EMAILS
• A reiteration of the reason for writing
Remember that emails should begin with From:, To:, Cc: and
• A reassurance
Subject:.
• A reference to future action

8 Match the beginnings and the endings

below and identify the techniques which
have been used. Then say which letter/email:
1 As I’ve said, this really is too good a chance to let
lt
• is informal .......... slip by. I honestly don’t think it will be very difficu
it a
• is to a newspaper .......... for you of all people to qualify. So why not give
• is applying for a job .......... go? Write and let me know how you get on.
Say hello to everyone for me,
Lots of love,
A Dear Mr Wooster,
y of
I am writing in my capacity as secretar Jill
say how conc erne d
the college social club to
sion s take n at
we were to read about the deci I
fourth of 2 I hope that you will consider me for the post.
the committee meeting held on the letter s
enclose a copy of my CV, together with two
last month.
of reference. I look forward to hearing from you and
r
having the opportunity to discuss this matte
B Dear Mark, further.
ellous
I am writing to let you know about a marv
that I Yours faithfully,
opportunity that I have heard about and
think is exactly what you’re looking for.
Kate Lowe

From: Kate Lowe 3 I trust you will give this issue

C your urgent
To: Head of Human Resources consideration and will take the opin
Cc: ions of the
students into account. Thanking you,
Subject: Part-time Library Assistant in anticipation
of your cooperation on this matter.
Dear Sir/Madam,
Yours sincerely,
I am writing to express my interest in the
position of part-time library assistant that I saw
advertised in your newsletter dated 13th June. Graham Bridgewater

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Writing: Letters/Emails (1)

9 The underlined sections of beginning A and ending 11 a. Choose the letter or the email from Ex. 10 and
B are written in the wrong style. Rewrite them complete the paragraph plan with your own
using the words/phrases given. ideas.

• in my capacity as • grossly misrepresented • it is my

opinion • entitled • am writing in response to • the
May 3rd edition of your

A I 1) want to write about an article in 2) last Tuesday’s Introduction: opening remarks and reason for writing
newspaper 3) called ‘Local Businesses Lack Initiative’.
4) Because my job is head of the SBA (Small Business
Association), 5) I think that the article 6) told lies about the
many hard-working people that live and work in the area.

• immediately • look forward to • your prompt reply Para 2: main body

• prevent any repetition of the problem
• suitable measures taken • given your urgent
attention • trust that the matter will

B I 1) want the problem to be 2) sorted out soon and

3) you do something 4) right now to 5) stop it Para 3: main body
happening again. I 6) ‘m expecting 7) a quick answer
from you.

Para 4: main body

10 Read the rubrics and underline the key information.

Then answer the questions that follow.

A You recently read a newspaper article that claimed Conclusion: closing remarks
that students were lazy, poorly educated and
contributed nothing to society. You feel that the
comments in the article do not apply to any
students that you know and decide to write to the
editor of the newspaper.

Write your letter in 220-260 words.

b. Portfolio: using the notes you have made, write
B One of your classmates, who has only recently your letter/email from Ex. 10.
moved to the area, gave a class presentation about
the town/city where you all live. You found that the
information in the presentation badly represented Checklist
the area and you have decided to write an email to
your classmate explaining what you think and how When you finish writing your letter/ email, check
you feel about your town/city. for the following:
Write your email in 220-260 words.
• Have you included all the points in the rubric?
• Have you used appropriate opening/closing remarks?
1 What do you have to write?
• Are there well-structured paragraphs?
2 Who is/are the target readers?
• Have you written in the correct style?
3 How formal does your writing need to be?
• Are there any grammar, spelling or punctuation
4 How will you begin and end your letter/email?
mistakes?
5 What information will you include in the main body?
• Have you used an appropriate greeting/ending?
6 Think of appropriate topic sentences for your main
body paragraphs. How will you support your topic
sentences?

26