A Concise Grammar of Middle Egyptian by B.G.

Ockinga (Verlag Philipp von Zabern, 1998) Key to the exercises

Edited by: Mark-Jan Nederhof DFKI Stuhlsatzenhausweg 3 D-66123 Saarbrcken, Germany u March 23, 2009

For the benet of those who, like me, are learning Egyptian without a teacher, I present the key to the exercises. In general, at most one solution is given. I stay as close as possible to the vocabulary, the grammar rules, and the notational conventions of the book itself, unless it is clearly wrong. Note that the correctness of translation is a relative thing for ancient Egyptian: what is a correct translation according to one grammar may not be so according to another. I have gone to some length to justify the translations, where possible by citing other grammar books or dictionaries. There are most likely mistakes to be found here. You would help me and others tremendously if you report to me any mistakes you might nd. The Latex format was created automatically. Send me a mail if youre interested in the code, or if you have suggestions how the layout can be improved. The most recent version of this document, as well as an HTML representation, can be found at http://www.cs.st-andrews.ac.uk/~mjn/egyptian/grammars/Ockinga.html I acknowledge generous help from Jaap van Dijk, Aayko Eyma, Heinz Rttger, and Serge o Rosmorduc.

5
ir hn c . Pth . im ntk regarding with Ptah there you (independent pronoun) Note: See p. 12. Inpw Anubis

dd

to speak

5&9
(1) Z.t f Zi R c.w moment

to carry Re Note: Entry missing from vocabulary, but see C1 in sign list.

p.t rh hp hb .

heaven to know law festival

ih.t thing (2) hm to not know hr to fall hdi to travel downstream hsi be miserable si man s.t sf rwi woman yesterday to remove to cut be old sycamore hound be hungry sweat Kush stone sin bird

(3) cd s i Zwi nh.t tsm h kr .. fd.t K Z s (4) inr isf.t

Zpd

hrd child htm to seal 2

dp.t

ship to send

(5) h Zb gr

be silent

6&9
(1) Zwi hf Z.w .
Zbw

be long snake

to tarry to water to mourn wall

iwh . imi

(2) inb irw ir.t isf.t

cZg.t cZ

form eye sin hoof

door to honour road

sw Z s

(3) w Z.t hw Z . wc

to rot one message Note: In vocabulary, transliteration given without t. I suspect this is a typo. Cf. transliteration on p. 50: wpw.t. See also [Fau62], [Han95] and [Zon92], who write wpwt.

wp.wt

wnn wn iwn

to exist to open colour to eat

(4) wnm wr wrd b Zk

cb Z

to be great be tired servant altar calf 3

bhs .

(5) Bhd.t . hp Z navel pri to go ph . m Zi m ZZ

Edfu

to reach lion to see

m Zh to burn (6) miw cat smi to report Amun

Imn.w mn mnh smn mr.yt mr.wt (7) mr.t mr mr

to remain potent goose shore love serfs

be sick pyramid north wind to swim to ll black eye-paint

mhy.t . mhi . mh .

(8) msdm.t iwms wmt lie

be thick

hm.t 3 hnw jar mn.w wnw.t (9) nwh . Nw.t nb monument hour rope Nut every 4

nbi hnms nms.t ns.t

to swim friend jar throne Note: Entry missing from vocabulary, but see W11 in sign list.

nd

protect Note: Entry missing from vocabulary, but see W24 in sign list.

(10) ndnd

counsel Note: Entry missing from vocabulary. See [Fau62].

i-t:r-rw-w-N2

itrw

river

Note: For the translation river in the vocabulary, the determinative N2 in the exercise is inappropriate. This is probably a scribal error, or erratum of the author. mrw s h Zw . mkh Z . evening increase to neglect wife

(11) hm.t . hmsi . nhm . hnsk.t . hrr.t . dhr . hsi .

to sit to steal lock of hair ower leather to sing

(12) hd be white . h Zi to measure mh Z.t balance ci h to appear hti to carve nht strong Note: Translation taken from [Fau62], rather than the translation victory from the vocabulary for nht.w . h Zr.t widow 5

(13) h Z.t corpse hnw palace mhn.t ferry hni to row mhn.t ferry hr under mhr store room (14) mhr.w requirements s Ztw ground s Zr.t s Zi wisdom be wise dagger

b Zgsw

(15) Hnsw Khons sn brother sn.t stw.t sksk Zd s sister rays to destroy to dig shabti

(16) Zw Zb.ty s wi s ni s nb.t s sr s is.t s be empty

to encircle front of chest arrow what? smell

(17) sti kd . skdi . k Z.t k Zmw msk Z ikm

to build to travel work vineyard skin shield 6

Note: The word Schild in the vocabulary is erroneously the German translation. See [Fau62]. (18) Km.t gmh . dgm t Z s espy castor-oil plant border lizard sovereign cabinet Atum Egypt

hnt Zsw . (19) iti.y (I)tm

chnw.ty

t Zi to take tnt Z.t throne cd Z guilt (20) d Zd Z head wd Z be hale Zbdw Abydos dw to be bad dr.w border msdr ear nni be tired

7,9&11
(1) w Zh .
ch c

set down

to stand to live oering perfect ruler

htp.t . nfr hk Z ..

cnh

hpr to come into being (2) mh.tyw Northerners .

8
w Zd be green 7

hd silver . pr.whd treasury . iyi to come ini iti to bring to seize

10 a)
(1) pr.w rZ ib hr . tp house

mouth heart face head

db c nger t Z land i s wp.t ir.t lake crown eye

(2) h.t torso nw.t city w Z.t road

dr.t hand md Z.t bookroll h Z.t front . h Zs.t rnp.t desert year

10 c)
1. hb . festival lector priest

hr.yh Zb . m Z see

Note: Not innitive verb form (see 60 and following).

Zh.t .

eld to command 8

wd

nhh ..

eternity Note: Entry missing from vocabulary. See [Fau62].

2. hmntr .

priest

sntr incense mri.y Zs.t one beloved of Isis Note: Following [Gar57] 379. 3. a. i Zm swi k Zm . d Zi be pleasing

to drink to create to control count

3. b. h Z.ty c.w . nsw king

Note: (3 times) di cnh it given life Note: Following [Gar57] 378. father Note: The hieroglyphic writing here is given in [Fau62]. dd mdw
cnh(.w)

to be recited Note: See the vocabulary of [Gar57] under mdw .

wd Z(.w) snb(.w) May he live, prosper and be healthy! Note: As on p. 51. Amenhotep

Imn.whtp.w . Snfr.w

Snofru

Hwi=fwi Cheops H ci=fR c.w Khephren Ppy Pepi Twt.w cnh.wImn.w Tutankhamun Imn.wmh Z.t Amenemhet . R c.wmsisw Ramesses

Note: Entry missing from vocabulary. See [Gar57] (p. 435) who writes R cmssw , Ramesses. 9

MnhprR c.w Menkheperre Psmtk Psammeticus

18&19
(1) shr ntr the plan of god Note: As on p. 24. (2) im.yr Z pr.w the overseer of the house overseer of the house, i.e. steward.

[Gar57], p. 65 imyr pr (3) hmntr . priest

(4) hk Z h Zs.t ruler of the desert .. [Zon92], Oefening 5, 6 hk Zw h Zswt de heersers van de vreemde landen [Hyksos] .. (5) nb im Zh possessor of veneration Note: Translation of nb following p. 32. [Gar57], p. 65 nb im Zh (6) nsw n.y Km.t possessor of veneration, venerable.

the king of Egypt

(7) wr.w n.w Zbdw the great ones of Abydos [Gar57], p. 66 wrw nw Zbdw the great ones of Abydus. (8) ntr.w nb.w T Zmri gods, lords of Egypt [Zon92], Oefening 5, 37 ntrw nbw T Zmri iww nw w Zdwr Egypte en van de eilanden van de Grote-Groene [de zee] (9) iw.w n.w w Zdwr islands of the sea [Zon92], Oefening 5, 37 ntrw nbw T Zmri iww nw w Zdwr Egypte en van de eilanden van de Grote-Groene [de zee] (10) wr.w n.w Rmnn (11) si n.y knb.t . (12) r Zw Z.t the great ones of Lebanon

de goden, de heren van

de goden, de heren van

a man of the council

path the district of Per-Fe

(13) w n.y Pr.wF

Note: Entry for Pr.wF missing from vocabulary. See [Zon92], p. 240 and p. 271 (De Welsprekende Boer). (14) t Zw n.y cnh air of life Note: The translation of t Zw as breath (see [Fau62]) makes more sense here. [Zon92], Oefening 5, 42 t Zw n cnh de adem van het leven

10

(15) hkr.yt n.t nb.t p.t ornament of the mistress of heaven [Zon92], Oefening 5, 43 hkryt nt nbtpt de versierselen van de meesteres van de hemel

22
(1) ntr nfr perfect god (2) t Z.w rsy.w southern lands [Zon92], Oefening 6, 12 t Zw rsyw (3) k ch mh.ty n.y hw.tntr . . . .
cZ

de zuidelijke landen

northern corner of the temple de noordelijke hoek van de tempel

[Zon92], Oefening 6, 25 k ch mhty n hwtntr . . . . (4) sbh . a great cry

(5) w Z.t nb.t im.yt p.t im.yt t Z land]

every road that is in heaven and that is on earth [lit. in the alle wegen die in de hemel en die

[Zon92], Oefening 6, 15 w Zwt nbt imyt pt imyt t Z op aarde zijn (6) hr.ytp . chief

(7) s.t wr.t n.t d cm a great throne of electrum Note: As on p. 9. (8) ih.t nb(.t) nfr.t w cb.t every good (and) pure thing Note: As on p. 11. (9) hr.tywntr stone-masons (10) ky r Z other speech [Zon92], Oefening 7, 20 ky r (11) k.t h Zs.t other foreign land [Zon92], Oefening 7, 4 kt h Zst (12) k Zi s Z arrogant . (13) Pth nfr hr . . Ptah, beautiful of face Ptah, schoon van gezicht een andere spreuk

een ander land

[Zon92], Oefening 6, 24 Pth nfrhr . . (14) Zwi ib long of heart

Note: [Fau62] translates Zw ib as joyful. [Zon92], Oefening 6, 34 Zw ib (15) k Zi.t rn . high of name lang van hart [= verheugd]

28
11

(1) ntr=tn your god (2) ib=i my heart (3) c.wwy=ky your two arms Uw beide armen

[Zon92], Oefening 7, 12 cwy.ky (4) smr.w n.w hm=k .

Companions of your Majesty de hovelingen van Uwe Majesteit

[Zon92], Oefening 7, 22 smrw nw hm.k . (5) im.yw Zbd=sn those who are in their month

[Zon92], Oefening 7, 7 imyw Zbd.sn priesters]

zij die in hun maand zijn [= de dienstdoende

(6) w c im.y=tn nb everyone of you Note: See 35 for the meanings of preposition m: out of > of. [Zon92], Oefening 9, 4 w c im.tn nb (7) rn=i ds=i my own name iedereen van jullie [niet: een van U allen]

29
(1) mw.t=f tn this mother of his deze moeder van hem

[Zon92], Oefening 8, 1 m(w)t.f tn

(2) nn n.y ntr.w these gods [Zon92], Oefening 8, 2 nn n ntrw deze goden c.wt=i iptn (3) these bodily parts of mine (4) w c m n Z n.y sh.ty one of these peasants (5) p Zy=i ntr nw.ty my city god [Zon92], Oefening 8, 5 p Zy.i ntr niwty mijn stadsgod (6) n Zy=f n.y hrd.w his children [Zon92], Oefening 8, 18 n Zy.f n hrdw deze kinderen van hem (of, simpel, zijn kinderen)

42
(1) rm.w im Fish was there.

Note: See 115 for the meaning of adverb im. [Zon92], p. 52 rmw im hn c Zpdw vissen waren daar, en vogels . [Gra94], p. 47 rm(y.w).w im hn c Zpd.w Fische gab es dort und Vgel o . (2) Imn(.w)mhb . Amun is in the festival. [sentence name] 12

[Zon92], Oefening 12, 3 Imnmhb . (3) iw m(w)t m hr=i min mi sti cntyw .

Amon-is-in-feest [eigennaam]

Death is in my face today like the smell of myrrh. de dood is heden in mijn

[Zon92], Oefening 12, 1 iw m(w)t m hr.i min mi sti cntyw . aangezicht als de geur van mirre

(4) iw it=f m hnw ch=f While his father was in the interior of his palace. . [Zon92], p. 53 iw it.f mhnw ch.f terwijl (daarentegen) zijn vader in zijn paleis was . (achterbleef) (5) iw n Z m sb Z.yt This is a teaching.

Note: The grammar in the book does not justify translating n Z in the singular. See however p. 86 of [Gar57]. [Gar57], p. 93 iw n Z m sb Zyt this is an (lit. as an) instruction. while his Majesty himself was upon the eastern lo, His Majesty was himself in the eastern

(6) ti hm=f ds=f hr htm i Zb.ty n dmi pn . . gate of this town.

[Gar57], p. 96 ti hm.f ds.f hr htm i Zbty . . fortress.

(7) b Z=i hn c=i ib=i m h.t=i h Z.t=i m t Z while my soul is with me, my heart is in my torso, . and my corpse is in the ground [lit. in the land]. [Zon92], Oefening 12, 4 b Z.i hn c.i ib.i m ht.i h Zt.i m t Z terwijl mijn ba-ziel met mij . is, mijn hart in mijn lichaam is, en mijn lijk in de grond is (8) nn wn nh st m t Z pf n Nhrn Naharin. There was no one who protected them in that land of

Note: Translation of st by them is not justied by the grammar in the book; see however 46 of [Gar57]. The form nh, one who protects, is a participle; see 102. [Zon92], Oefening 35, 7 nn wn nh st m t Z pf land (9) n is cb c im and without boasting there. niet was er iemand die hen hielp in dat

Note: The grammar in the book does not explain the negation by means of n or n is instead of nn, despite 43b, which deals with personal pronouns. [Gar57] ( 120) translates n is before a sentence with adverbial predicate by not indeed. [Lop95] (section 5.7) argues that njjs indicates contrariety; his examples on p. 128 suggest the translation above. [Gar57], p. 97 n is cb c im (10) nn wi m hr.yib=sn . there is indeed no boasting therein.

I was not in their midst.

[Zon92], p. 52 nn wi mhrib.sn ik was niet temidden van hen . [Gra94], p. 52 nn wj mhrjb=sn Ich war nicht in ihrer Mitte (d.h. bei ihnen) . 13

(11) iw it=i m w cw n.y nsw bi.ty SkninR c.w . Upper and Lower Egypt, Sekenenre.

while my father was ocer of the King of

Note: For a translation of nsw bi.ty, see 150. [Zon92], Oefening 12, 5 iw it.i m w cw n nswbity SknnR c . van de koning van Boven- en Beneden-Egypte Sekenenre mijn vader was soldaat

(12) ist wi m tp n.y mc=n while I was head of our army. s [Zon92], Oefening 12, 2 ist wi m tpy n mc.n ik nu was aanvoerder van ons leger s

48
(1) bw.t=f grg His abomination is the lie. zijn afschuw is de leugen

[Zon92], p. 60 bwt.f grg (2) B Zb Z s Z R Zint rn=f

Baba, son of Ra-inet, is his name.

Note: The two proper nouns are not in the vocabulary. See 274 of [Gar57] for the use of O50:Z4 to indicate that a series of consonants is to be duplicated. [Zon92], Oefening 13, 14 B Zb Z s Z Rint rn.f (3) ntf nb igr.t (4) ink Pth . Baba zoon van Ra-inet is zijn naam

He is lord of the cemetery. [subject is stressed]

I am Ptah.

(5) ink nb=tn I am your lord. [subject is stressed] [Zon92], Oefening 13, 5 ink nb.tn ik ben jullie heer (6) ntk it n.y nmh You are father of the orphan. . [Gar57], p. 100 ntk it n nmh . thou art the father of the orphan.

(7) ntf is R c.w smsw ntr.w but he is Re, eldest of the gods. [subject is stressed] Note: Entry for smsw missing from vocabulary, but see A19 in sign list. (8) nttn hrd.w=i You are my children. [Zon92], Oefening 13, 2 nttn hrdw.i jullie zijn mijn kinderen (9) n ink tr sm Z.y=k I am truly not your comrade. [Gar57], p. 106 n ink tr sm Z.f I am not, forsooth, a confederate of his.

53
(1) sh.ty pw n.y sh.thm Z.t It was a peasant of Wadi Natrun. . [Zon92], p. 57 shty pw n shthm Zt het was een boer van de Wadi Natrun (Zoutveld) . (2) hwr.ww pw They are paupers. . [Zon92], p. 56 hwrw pw . het zijn ellendigen

14

(3) hm.t w cb pw n.y R c.w .

It is the wife of a priest of Re. het is een priestervrouw

[Zon92], p. 56 hmt w cb pw .

(4) hk Z pw n.y Rtnw hr.t It was the ruler of Upper Retenu. .. . Note: The translation of hr.t by Upper does not follow (trivially) from the . vocabulary. See [Han95]: Rtnw hrt, Oberes Retschenu. . [Zon92], Oefening 14, 2 hk Z pw n Rtnwhryt .. . (5) m pw Who is it? Their father are you. hun vader bent U het was de heerser van Opper-Retjnoe

(6) ntk pw it=sn

[Zon92], Oefening 14, 3 ntk pw it.sn (7) mn.w pw n.y si nfr.w=f

His perfection is the monument of a man.

[Gar57], p. 104 mnw pw n s nfrw.f a mans goodness is his monument, lit. the monument it (is) of a man, (namely) his goodness. (8) ntf pw m m Zc.t It is really him.

Note: As on p. 30.

56
(1) nfr sy r hm.t nb.t . She is more beautiful than any woman. zij is mooier dan elke vrouw

[Zon92], Oefening 11, 4 nfr sy r hmt nbt . (2) wr hs.t=i m stps Z .

My favour in the palace was great.

Note: [Fau62] also translates hst by praise, which makes more sense here. . [Gar57], p. 109 wr hst.i m stps Z r smr w cty nb . than (that of) any Unique Friend. greater was my praise in the palace

(3) nfr st r ih.t nb.t It is more beautiful than anything. Note: As on p. 11, ih.t nb.t, with plural determinitive for ih.t, is translated by everything > anything. (4) wr mn.w=k r nsw nb Your monument is greater than [that of] any king. groter zijn Uw monumenten dan (die

[Zon92], Oefening 11, 1 wr mnw.k r nsw nb van) enige koning

(5) dns tw r=i You are heavier than I. [Zon92], Oefening 11, 2 dns tw r.i jij bent zwaarder dan ik (6) nfr pr.w=i wsh s.t=i My house is beautiful and my place is wide. [Zon92], Oefening 11, 15 nfr pr.i wsh st.i goed is mijn huis en wijd is mijn plaats (7) twt.wy n=s st How much it resembles her! 15

Note: [Gar57], in the vocabulary, translates twt by (be) like, n (someone). [Gar57], p. 109 twt.wy n.s st (8) nfr.w(y) mn.w pn how like (to) her it is!

How beautiful is this monument! hoe mooi is dit mooie monument

[Zon92], Oefening 11, 3 nfr.wy mnw pn nfr (9)

Zh.w(y)

sw ntr pn How benecial is he, this god! [Zon92], Oefening 11, 5 Zh.wy sw ntr pn hoe glorieus is hij, deze god (10) ndm.wy im Z.t=k How sweet is your grace! [Zon92], Oefening 11, 6 ndm.wy i Zmwt.k hoe aangenaam zijn Uw charmes

58
(1) N.yM Zc.tR c.w Ni-Maat-Re: The truth belongs to Re. toebehorend aan Re is de waarheid

[Zon92], p. 67 Nym ZctR c

(2) n.y sy im.ywht R c.w She belongs to those that are in the following of Re. [Zon92], Oefening 15, 11 nysy imywht R c behorend is zij tot degenen die in het gevolg van Re zijn (3) n.y sw mh 30 . He measures 30 cubits.

Note: Translation according to the grammar leads to He belongs to 30 cubits, which is conrmed by [All00] ( 7.5 and Ex. 7, no. 20). One arrives at the preferred translation more conveniently however following [Lop95] (section 5.5), who translates nj by that-of. [Gar57], p. 89 n(y)sw mh 30 . [Lop95], p. 119 n(j)sw mh 30 . cubits). (4) n.y wi pr.w Wsir (5) ntk nbw (6) ib=i n=i it (the snake) was of 30 cubits. It (sw ) was thirty cubits long (nj mh 30 that-of-thirty .

I belong to the house of Osiris.

To you belongs gold. My heart is [i.e. belongs] to me.

Note: On p. 37 a similar phrase ib=k n=k is translated by your own heart, but justication for this translation is not provided. [Gar57], p. 97 h Zty.k n.k n imyh Zt . . to thee of being-in-front. (7)
cZ

thou shalt have thy former heart, lit. thy heart is

n=f ih.wt r mi.ty=f nb To him belongs greater property than [to] any of his equals. Note: Translation of ih.wt as property as on p. 39.
cZ

[Zon92], Oefening 11, 13 enige gelijke van hem

n.f ht r mity.f nb

groter is voor hem bezit dan (voor)

16

(8) nnk cnh mht i Zwi n=k imy To me belongs life after the old age that belongs to you. Note: For i Zwi the translation as old age is missing from the vocabulary; see however [Fau62]. For the use of a phrase such as n=k imy as possessive adjective following the noun, see [Gar57] 113, 3. [Gar57], p. 88 mht i Zw n.kimy after thy own old age.

67
(1) sdm.w rmt Listen, people! [Zon92], Oefening 20, 1 sdm.w rmt luistert, mensen (2) wd Z r=k r hnw n.y pr.w=k Go to the interior of [i.e. Go inside] your house! Note: For the imperative, r=k can be used as r=f ; see [Gar57] 252. [Zon92], Oefening 20, 2 wd Z r.k r hnw n pr.k (3) isi ini n=i sw Go and bring him to me! ga en haal hem voor mij ga toch je huis binnen

[Zon92], Oefening 20, 3 is in n.i sw

(4) imi n=n t Zw=k nb=n Give us your breath [lit. air], our lord! [Zon92], Oefening 20, 4 imi n.n t Zw.k nb.n geef aan ons Uw adem, heer van ons (5) sdm.w ir=f tn it.wntr n.w r Zpr.w pn w cb.w hr.ywh Zb im.yws.t c.w hnk.w n mr drp.w . . c n b Z smnh.w mn.ww n.w hm dm.w rn=i sh Z.w nhb.t=i imi.w hkn.w n twt.w=i sw Z.w s . . . h hn.ty hm imi.w rn=i m r Z n.y hm.w=tn sh Z=i r msi.w=tn Hear, gods fathers of . . this temple, priests, lector priests, acolytes! Make an oering to the pyramid! Oer to the altar! Embellish the monuments of my Majesty! Pronounce my name! Remember my royal titulary! Give praise to my statue! Honour the statue of my Majesty! Place my name in the mouth of your servants! My memory will be with your children. Note: rdi can be translated as to place according to the entry for rdi in [Fau62]. In the vocabulary, I take the w in the transliteration msi.w for the singular form as an error; this is conrmed by examples on p. 9 and p. 60, where ms.w refers to the plural form. (For the sake of consistency, the i in the transliteration in the vocabulary should also be omitted.) (6) i ci tw imi mw hr db c.w=k Wash you[r self], place water upon your ngers! . [Zon92], Oefening 20, 9 i c tw imi mw hr db cw.k was U, giet water op Uw vingers .

69 and 70
(1) dd=i wr.t di=i sdm=tn di=i rh=tn shr n.y nhh .. and let you know the nature of eternity. I say something great as I let you hear

Note: The grammar does not treat explicitly the phenomenon that from an adjective such as wr , great, one can form a substantive such as wr.t, something great. Entry for nhh, eternity, is missing from vocabulary; see [Fau62]. ..

17

[Zon92], Oefening 21, 1 dd.i wrt di.i sdm.tn di.i rh.tn shr n nhh ik zeg iets groots: .. ik zal zorgen dat jullie horen, ik zal zorgen dat jullie leren kennen het plan van de eeuwigheid (2) hdd=i hr in.w=s n nsw tnw rnp.t nb prr=i im m m Zchrw That I travelled northwards was carrying her gift to king each and every year, and that I came out there was being the [one who is] triumphant. [Gar57], p. 353 hdd.i hr inw.s n nsw tnw rnpt nb(t), prr.i im m m Zchrw, n gm.n.tw d Zt.i I used to sail down with its tribute to the king every year, and went forth thence vindicated, and no deciency was found in (lit. of) me. (3) irr hm=k m mrr=f . That your Majesty acts [lit. does] is as he desires. may Thy Majesty do as he wills.

[Gar57], p. 354 irr hm.k m mrr.f .

(4) h ZZ=sn r t Z m hf Z.ww h ZZ=i m k Zb.w=sn prr=sn r p.t m bik.w prr=i hr dnh=sn If . . . . they descend to the earth [lit. land] as snakes, I descend in their coils. If they come out to heaven as falcons, I come out on their wings. [Zon92], Oefening 23, 1 h ZZ.sn r t Z m hf Zw h ZZ.i m k Zbw.sn prr.sn r pt m bikw prr.i . . hr dnhw.sn dat zij afdalen in de aarde als slangen is dat ik (mee) afdaal in hun . . kronkelingen; dat zij uitgaan naar de hemel als valken is dat ik (mee) uitga op hun vleugels (5) skdd t Z hft wd=k That the land fares [lit. travels] is in accordance with your command. . [Gar57], p. 352 skdd t Z hft wd.k [Thou art the rudder of the entire land,] the land sails . in accordance with thy commmand. [Zon92], p. 111 skdd t Z hft wd.k het is volgens Uw bevel, dat het land vaart . (6) hw=k wi cw Z=k hnw.w=i nhm=k r=f nhw.t m r Z=i You beat me and you steal my . . . possessions, while you even take away the complaint out of my mouth. [Zon92], Oefening 21, 7 hw.k wi cw Z.k hnw.i nhm.k rf nhwt m r.i U slaat mij, U . . . rooft mijn spullen, en nu neemt U zelfs de klacht uit mijn mond weg (7) grg=k pr.w=k mr=k hm.t=k . May you settle your house and may you love your wife!

Note: I assume the Subjunctive form ( 75). [Zon92], Oefening 21, 5 grg.k pr.k mr.k hmt.k . liefhebben (8) mrr sw nw.t=f r h cw=sn . [they love] themselves. moge je je huis stichten en je vrouw

That his city [i.e. the people in his city] loves him, is more than

Note: As an alternative to assuming the Aorist form here for mr(r), one could well consider the Circumstantial form (while his city loves him more than themselves). [Zon92], Oefening 21, 6 mr sw niwt.f r h cw.sn . (van) zichzelf (9) sdm=f spr.ty nb hft hp pn zijn stad houdt meer van hem dan

That he hears every petitioner is in accordance with this law. 18

[Zon92], Oefening 23, 2 sdm.f sprty nb hft hp pn smekeling aanhoort

het is volgens deze wet dat hij elke

71
(1) iyi.n=i cZ r nis r=k m wp.wt n.t it=i Hwi=fwi a message of my father Cheops. [Zon92], p. 118 iy.n.i (2) ph.n=k nn hr sy ist s . .
cZ

That I came here is to call to you with

r nis r.k

het is om te roepen om U, dat ik hier gekomen ben

Why have you attacked it? how hast thou come to this pass? Lit. on account of

[Gar57], p. 329 ph.n.k nn hr m . . what hast thou reached this?

(3) dd.n=f nn rh.n=f kd=i sdm.n=f s Z=i He said this after he had learned [about] my s . after he had heard [about] my wisdom. character and [Zon92], p. 116 dd.n.f nn rh.n.f kd.i sdm.n.f s Z.i het was nadat hij mijn karakter s . hij van mijn wijsheid had gehoord dat hij dit zei had leren kennen en nadat [Gra94], p. 89 dd.n=f nn rh.n=f kd=j sdm.n=f s Z=j Da er dies sagte, (war,) weil s . er meinen Charakter erkannt und gehrt hatte, da ich kundig sei, d.h., weil er mich o erkannt und er gehrt hatte, da ich kundig sei, sagte er dies o (4) iw m(w)t m hr=i mi Zbb si m ZZ pr.w=sn (sic!, read =f ) iri.n=f rnp.wt cZ.wt m ndr.t s . Death is in my face as a man desires to see his house after he spent [lit. did] many years in imprisonment. Note: m ZZ is the innitive form; see 85. [Gra94], p. 90 jw m(w).t m hr=j mjn mj Zbb z(.j) m ZZ pr.w=sn (sic!, lies =f ) jr(j).n=f . rnp.wt cZ.wt jt(j)(.w) m ndr.t Der Tod ist heute vor mir wie da ein Mann wnscht, s u sein Haus (wieder)zusehen, nachdem er viele Jahre verbracht hat, indem er gefangen war [Zon92], Oefening 23, 7 iw m(w)t m hr.i min mi Zbb s m ZZ pr.sn . in mijn aangezicht zoals man(nen) verlangen hun huis te zien de dood is heden

(5) iri.n=i mn.w n ntr.w sdsr.n=i hm.w=sn n mht smn.n=i r Z.wpr.w=sn di=i rh w cb.w iri.wt=sn di=i wn Km.t m hr.yttp t Z nb m mr.t=s I built [lit. did] a monument to . the gods after I had consecrated their sanctuaries for the future and had established their temples, while I caused that the priests knew their duties and while I caused that Egypt was chieftainess and that every land was her serf[s]. Note: Translation of hrttp by chieftainess in [Fau62]. . (6) iyi.n=i m nw.t=i h Z.n=i m sp Z.t=i iri.n=i m Zc.t n nb=s shtp.n=i ntr m mrr.t=f I . came to my town and I descended to my nome, after I had done right to her lord and after I had pleased the god with that which he loves. (7) rdi.n=i n h Zr.t mi nb.t h( Z)y a husband. That I gave to the widow was like [I gave to] a possessor of I brought my statues to the

(8) msi.n=i twt.ww=i r hw.tntr sm Zc.n=i n=sn p Z.t=sn s . temple, after I had presented to them their bread. 19

Note: Translation of ms by bring in [Fau62]; translation of ms.n=j twtw=j r s s hwtntr by ich brachte meine Statuen dem Tempel dar in [Han95]. Translation . of sm Zc by present in [Fau62]. (9) hdi.n hm=f hr iw pn sm Z.n=f hft.yw=f . . island after he had killed his enemies. His Majesty travelled downstream upon this

[Zon92], Oefening 25, 7 hd.n.f hr.f ib.f Zw.w sm Z.n.f hftyw.f het was verheugd van . hart, nadat hij zijn vijanden gedood had, dat hij erop noordwaarts voer (10) iw ir.n=i im.yr Z k Z.w im.yr Z cw.t im.yr Z cZ.w im.yr Z sr.w im.yr Z rri.w hrp.n=i hbs.w r pr.whd I exercised the oce of overseer of bulls, of overseer of small cattle, . . of overseer of donkeys, of overseer of rams, of overseer of pigs, I provided clothing to the treasury. Note: hrp translated by to provide (see [Fau62]) rather than by the translation from the vocabulary.

72
(1) rdi wi hm=f r s tm Z His Majesty appointed me as scribe of the cadaster. s . Note: Translation of tm Z by cadaster in [Fau62]. [Cal75], p. 40 rd(y): wi hm.f r sh Z n(y) tm Z hs(y): wi hm.f r cZt wrt His Majesty . . . appointed me scribe of the cadaster, and His Majesty showed me great favor. (2) hsi wi hm=f hr=f r . . .
cZ.t

wr.t
cZ.t

His Majesty praised me regarding it very greatly. wr.t.

Note: See 115 for r

73
(1) sr=sn nni n hpr.t=f They foretold a storm before it came into being. s Note: Entry for nni , storm, is missing from vocabulary; see [Fau62]. s [Gar57], p. 317 sr.sn d c n iit, nny n hprt.f s came, and a tempest before it happened. (2) hpr.n=k n msi.yt rmt n hpr.t ntr.w the gods came into being. they could foretell a storm before (it)

You came into being before men were born, before

Note: As on p. 46. As explained in 78, msi.yt is a passive sdm.t=f form.

74
(1) spr=k r=sn d Zi.n=k mw phrwr Nhrn Euphrates of Naharin. You will reach them, after you have crossed the

Note: Translation for d Zi by to cross, as in [Fau62], rather than by to ferry from the vocabulary. The latter translation leads to diculties, since to ferry demands a logical object. (2) rh.n=f hrp=i n=f st He knew that I will govern it for him. Note: As on p. 43. 20

(3) dg.y=k R c.w m Zh.t n.t p.t You will see Re at [lit. in] the horizon of the sky. Note: Entry for Zh.t, horizon, missing from vocabulary, but see N27 in sign list. (4) msi=s m Zbd 1 pr.t sw 15 She will give birth in the rst month of the harvest, day 15. she will give birth on the fteenth day

[Gar57], p. 367 ms.s m Zbd 1 (n) prt, sw 15 of the rst month of winter.

75
(1) int n=f H cpy htp.t=f wnm=f m r Z=f m Z=f m ir.ty=f May the Nile bring him his . . oering, may he eat with his mouth, may he see with his eyes! Note: Entry for H cpy, Nile, is missing from vocabulary; see [Fau62]. . [Gar57], p. 368 int n.f Hp htpt.f, wnm.f m r.f, m Z.f m irty.f may the Inundation god . . bring him his oering, may he eat with his mouth, may he see with his eyes. (2) k Z m Zn=i t Z hw.tntr n.t R c.w May I see this temple of Re! . (3) ih iri=n dmi n.y sp May we make [lit. do] a resting place. [Gar57], p. 368 ih ir.n dmi n sp then let us make a habitation together. [Zon92], p. 104 ih ir.n dmi n sp dan zullen we samen een woonplek maken (4) hw iri.y=k hft dd=i May you act [lit. do] in accordance with what I said. . Note: Next to the prepositions mentioned on p. 41, also hft may be used with the (Historic) Perfect, as stated by [Gra94] (p. 101). [Gar57], p. 368 hw iry.k hft dd.i O that thou mayst act according as I say. . [Gra94], p. 101 ir(j).n=t(w) ch Z.tntr.w hft dd=j man baute ein Gtter-Kampfschi o . wie ich (es) gesagt hatte (5) imi iri.y=i rn=k m t Z pn r hp nb nfr every perfect law. Let me make your fair name in this land concerning

Note: For iri , [Fau62] has make a (fair) name. [Gar57], p. 241 imi rn.i nfr(w) m niwt.k (6) dd.n=f sbi=f r R c.w iri=f cw Zi r=f would do stealing against him. Note: cw Zi is innitive ( 82). (7) iyi.n=i hr=tn sd=i p Zs.w=tn gmgm=i wd c(y).wt=tn I have come to you, that I may break your (scribes) water pots, and that I may break your shells. Note: I assume that the hieroglyphic writing in the vocabulary at p Zs and wd c(y) are erroneously in the plural. [Gar57], p. 329 i.n.i hr.tn sd.i p Zsw.tn your water-pots. 21 I have come to you in order that I may break cause my name to be fair in thy city.

He said he would rebel against Re, and that he

(8) rdi.n=f h Zi.y=i r i Zw.t tn n ikr n shr m ib=f That he let me accede to this oce was on account of the excellence of the plan in his heart. Note: Translation for h Zi by to accede, as in [Fau62], rather than by to descend from the vocabulary. (9) di=k msi=i m Zc.t=i n R c.w May you let me present my divine order to Re! [Zon92], Oefening 21, 10 di.k ms.i m Zct.i n R c moge U geven dat ik mijn Maat aan Re brenge (10) mri.y=f hw.t n.t it=i m Zc tri.y=f sw m s.t sgr May he love the house of my true father, . may he worship him in the place of silence [lit. silencing]! Note: Entry for hw.t, house, missing from vocabulary, but see O6 in sign list. . [Zon92], Oefening 21, 12 mr.y.f hwt nt it.i m Zc tr.y.f sw m st sgr moge hij de tempel . van mijn ware vader liefhebben, moge hij hem respecteren in de plaats van de stilte (11) Note: Same as (9) of Exercise 69 and 70.

76
(1) rdi.ntw=k r dnit n.y m Zr That you were appointed was to a dam of the wretched. Note: Entry for dnit, dam (n.), is missing from vocabulary; see [Fau62]. [Zon92], Oefening 24, 17 rdi.n.tw.k r dnit n m Zr dat U aangesteld bent (2) di.ntw=f n=i di.n(=i) wi hr h.t=i s . upon my belly [lit. torso]. het is tot dam voor de ellendige

That it was read to me, was after I had placed myself

Note: The narrator lay down on the ground as a sign of respect. [Gar57], p. 46 rdi.n.(i) wi hr ht.i I placed myself on my belly. . [Cal75], p. 89 d(y):n.t(w).f n.i rd(y):n.i wi hr ht.i When it was read to me, I placed s . myself on my stomach... (3) rdi.ntw=k r sdm md(w).t r wd c snw judge between contestants. That you were appointed to hear the speech was to

Note: Entry for snw , contestants, is missing from vocabulary; see [Fau62]. (4) rdi.in t Z.ty nis.tw n Zy=f n.y hrd.w mht crk=f shr rmt Then the vizier caused that his . children were called, after he had perceived the nature of the people. [Zon92], Oefening 26, 11 rdi.in t Zty nis.tw n Zy.f hrdw mht crk.f shr rmt de vizier . zorgde dat deze kinderen van hem (of, zijn) geroepen werden, nadat hij doorvorst had het plan van de mensen (5) imi ini.tw n=i wsr.w 20 n.y hbny Command that 20 oars of ebony are brought to me.

Note: ini is Prospective/Future form, used as Subjunctive form; see Note on p. 44.

22

[Zon92], Oefening 21, 3 imi in.tw n.i wsrw 20 n hbny worden 20 roeispanen van ebbehout

zorg dat aan mij gebracht

77
(1) m=k msi(.w) n=k hrd.w 3 Note: As on p. 60. (2) di nsw in hwr.ww s . Behold, three children have been born to you.

The king was rescued by paupers. de koning werd gered door armelui

[Zon92], Oefening 26, 2 d.w nsw in hwrww s .

(3) msi=i m rk hm n.y nsw bi.ty ShtpibR c.w I was born in the time of the majesty of the . . King of Upper and Lower Egypt, Amenemhet I. Note: Entry for rk is missing from vocabulary; see [Fau62]. (4) iw hwsi.w n=i mr m inr A pyramid of stone was built for me. Note: The translation for hwsi by to build, as in [Fau62]. [Gra94], p. 111 jw hws.w n=j mr m jnr erbaut Es wurde mir eine Pyramide aus Stein

(5) ist ini msi.w i Zw.w sn.w=sn r wnn m nht.w hr Km.t . brothers were brought to be hostages for Egypt.

Now, children, old men and their

Note: The translation for i Zw by old man, as in [Fau62]. wnn is innitive ( 82). (6) iw di.n wi hm=f r rd.wi=f m nhn dm rn=i hnt mi.tyw=i His Majesty placed me near . his feet as child, and my name was pronounced in front of my equals. Note: Translation of rdi by to place in [Fau62]. (7) gmgm hnw n.w hbny The jar of ebony is broken. het kistje van ebbehout is gebroken

[Zon92], Oefening 26, 1 gmgm.w hnw n(w) hbny

80
(1) dd.in sh.ty pn n hm.t=f Then this peasant spoke to his wife. . (2) dd.in hm=f n w c m nn n smr.w Then his Majesty spoke to one of these Companions. . (3) hw Z.hr=s m h.t then it rots in the torso. . cZ m t Z s.t (4) hr rwd=f then he will prosper here in this place. Note: It is not mentioned in 80 that there is a hr sdm=f construction next to the hr=f sdm=f construction. Cf. the k Z=f sdm=f /k Z sdm=f constructions. See [Gar57] 239. [Zon92], Oefening 26, 13 hr rwd.f hier op deze plaats
cZ

m t Z st

dan zal hij (vanzelfsprekend) oreren

23

(5) nhm.k Ztw stp.wt hr h Zw.wt ntr.w Then the choice cuts of meat are taken away from [lit. . . upon] the oering tables of the gods. [Gar57], p. 347 nhm.k Z.t(w) stp(w)t hr h Zwt ntrw . . moved from the altars of the gods. then the choice joints shall be re-

81
(1) gmi.ntw n Zy=sn irp w Zh.w m n Zy=sn nm.w mi hdd mw . been laid down in their vats as water ows. Their wine was found having

Note: For translation of hdi by ow, of water see [Fau62]. [Gar57], p. 241 gm.n.tw n Zy.sn irp w Zhw m n Zy.sn nmw their wine was found lying . (lit. placed) in their presses. [Gar57], p. 357 mi hdd mw [They found their wine lying in their vats] as when water ows. I.e., their wine was as abundant as ever-owing water. (2) di=i ini.tw n=k h cw.w Ztp.w hr pss nb n.y Km.t s . ships loaded with all wealth of Egypt. while I caused that to you were brought

Note: ini is Prospective/Future form, used as Subjunctive form; see Note on p. 44. (3) rdi.kwi r pr.w s Z nsw I was appointed to the house of the son of the king. [Zon92], Oefening 17, 1 rdi.kwi r pr s Znsw ik werd aangesteld in het huis van de koningszoon (4) gmi.n=f Rwddd.t hmsi.ti tp=s hr m Zs.t=s . . [with] her head on her knee. (5) wrr.yt b Zk.ti m nbw He found Rudj-djedet while she was sitting

a chariot inlaid with gold a chariot wrought in gold.

[Gar57], p. 241 wrrt b Zk.ti m nbw

(6) ntr.w hri.tiwny r=i ink R c.w Gods, may you be distant from me, I am Re. . [Zon92], Oefening 17, 2 ntrw hr.tywny r.i ink R c goden, blijft verre van mij; ik ben . Re (7) iri.n=i n=i m ch c.t tw s Zh.ti smnh s.t=s r rd ntr cZ I made myself this tomb, it being . made benecial, while its place had been embellished at the stairway of the great god. Note: See 61 for derivation of s Zh from Zh. smnh is Perfective Passive. ct tw s Zh.ti, smnh st.s r rwd ntr cZ I made for myself [Gar57], p. 341 ir.n.i n.i mih . this tomb, it being consecrated andits place being embellished at the staircase of the great god.

82-85
(1) m=k nfr sdm n rmt Behold, obeying is perfect for people. [Zon92], Oefening 16, 3 mk nfr sdm n rmt zie, luisteren is goed voor de mensen c.w (2) m hs.t n.t R in the favour of Re. . 24

[Gar57], p. 223 m hst nt Skry .

in the favour of Sokar!

(3) iyi.t m htp in h Z.ty c.w n.y nw.t rsy Snnfr m Zchrw hr msi ntr pn ps Coming in s . . . s peace by the count of the southern city, Sennefer, justied, while following this noble god. [Zon92], Oefening 16, 4 iyt m htp in h Zty c n niwt rsyt Snnfr m Zchrw komen in . . vrede door de burgemeester van de zuidelijke stad Sennefer, waar van stem (4) hmsi.t m sh n.y shmh ib iri.t hrw.w nfr hn c sn=f Sitting in the hall of distracting the . . . doing] a perfect day with his brother. heart, spending [lit. [Zon92], Oefening 16, 1 hmst m sh n shmhib irt hrw nfr hn c sn.f zitten in de hal . . . van het verstrooien van het hart, het doorbrengen van een goede dag samen met zijn broer (5) wd hm=f Zd pn His Majesty commanded this digging. s . (6) wdi hm=f m nht.w r shr.t hr pf hsi r swsh t Z.w Km.t His Majesty departed in victory s . to overthrow that miserable enemy, to widen the borders of Egypt. (7) gmi.t=f in hm=f . Finding of him by his Majesty. nding him by His Majesty, i.e. His Majesty found him.

[Gar57], p. 225 gmt.f in hm.f . (8) nn n c=i in ir.yw s the door].

cZ

without detaining of me by the door-keepers [lit. those belonging to

Note: For translation of iry cZ by door-keeper see [Fau62]. [Zon92], Oefening 35, 4 nn n c.i in iryw cZ s deurwachters niet is afweren van mij door de

(9) pri=k ck=k nn n c=k hr sb Z n.y d Z.t May you come out and enter without detaining of s . . you upon the gate of the netherworld. [Gar57], p. 231 pr.k ck.k, nn hnhn.k, nn n c.k hr sb Z n dw Zt mayst thou go out and s . . . . in, without being driven back, and without being turned away from the door of the netherworld. Lit. there is not the driving back of thee, etc. [Zon92], Oefening 34, 6 pr.k ck.k nn n c.k hr sb Z n dw Zt moge jij uit- en binnengaan, s . . zonder het afweren van jou bij de poort van de onderwereld

86
(1) ist wi ch c.kwi sdm.n=i hrw=f iw=f hr mdw.t [Var.: iw=f mdw=f ] . . heard his voice; he was speaking. [Gar57], p. 248 ist wi ch c.kwi sdm.n.i . standing, I heard. Now, I stood while I

lo, I was standing and I heard; or , as I was

[Gra94], p. 69 jst wj ch c.kw sdm.n=j hr.w=f jw=f hr mdw(j).t jw=j m cr w Z.w Nun . . stand ich da, hrte seine Stimme. Er redete, und ich war in der Nhe einer Vero a schwrung o (2) si nb hr hpt sn.w=f . . Every man embraced his brothers. The fear of your Majesty has entered in their torsos. 25

(3) iw snd hm=k ck.w m h.wt=sn . .

[Zon92], Oefening 19, 1 iw snd hm.k ck.w . . drongen (4) m=k wi r nhm .
cZ=k

de vrees voor Uwe Majesteit is binnenge-

sh.ty Behold, I will take away your donkey, peasant. [Gar57], p. 67 mk wi r nhm cZ.k, shty, hr wnm.f m c.i I will take away thy ass, s . . peasant, because it is eating my corn. [Zon92], Oefening 34, 16 mk wi r nhm cZ.k shty hr wnm.f m c.i s . . afnemen, boer, omdat hij mijn Boven-Egyptisch koren opeet zie, ik zal je ezel

(5) iw dp.t r iyi.t m hnw A ship will come from the residence. Note: As on p. 58. (6) gm.n=i hf Z.w pw iw=f m iyi.t . I found it was a snake which was coming. I found it was a serpent which was coming, het was een slang, terwijl hij aan het

[Gar57], p. 253 gm.n.i hf Zw pw iw.f m iit . lit. it was in coming.

[Zon92], Oefening 18, 4 hf Zw pw iw.f m iyt . komen was (7) iw=i r m.t s I will go.

[Zon92], Oefening 18, 7 iw.i r mt s

ik zal weggaan

(8) ib n.y hm=k r kbb n m ZZ hnn=sn hni.t m hd m hnti iw=k hr m ZZ s.w nfr.w n.y i=k s s . . . The heart of your Majesty will be happy because of seeing their rowing a rowing, travelling northwards and travelling southwards, while you see beautiful nests of your lake. Note: See [Gar57] p. 233 for the translation of hnn.sn hnt by they row a rowing. [Gar57], p. 253 ib n hm.k r kbb n m ZZ . . seeing. the heart of Thy Majesty will be refreshed at

[Zon92], p. 92 ib n hm.k r kbb n m ZZ het hart van Uwe Majesteit zal zich verkwikken . . bij het zien (9) wnn.tw hr iri.t spr.ty nb m s s . One will put [lit. do] every plea in[to] writing [lit. script].

Note: Translation of ir m s by put into writing in [Fau62]. s [Zon92], Oefening 23, 18 wnn.tw hr irt sprty nb m s s . smeekbede moet stellen (10) iw tw r rdi.t crk p Z si m dd iw=n hrw.wy n . saying: how satised are we! het is op schrift dat men elke

One will cause that this man swears by

Note: See 76 for the indenite pronoun tw , one. (11) iw=i hr mhi.t wrd.kwi wr.t I was swimming, being very tired. . . [Zon92], Oefening 18, 3 iw.i hr mht wrd.kwi wrt ik was aan het zwemmen, zeer . . vermoeid zijnde (12) wnn=k hr rdi.t di.tw n=f ck.w nn rdi.t rh=f You will cause that provisions are given . . to him without causing that he knows [i.e.causing that he does not know]. 26

[Gar57], p. 249 wnn.k hr rdit di.tw n.f ckw . . provisions to be given to him.

thou shalt cause (lit. shalt be on causing)

[Zon92], p. 112 wnn.k hr rdit di.tw n.f ckw nn rdit rh.f het is zonder te zorgen dat . . hij op de hoogte is dat jij moet zorgen dat aan hem voedsel gegeven wordt (13) wnn=i wd c.kwi hn c=f I will be judged with him. . Note: As on p. 56.

91 a
(1) iw gmi.n=i w c m nn n.y sh.ty I found one among [lit. out of] these peasants. (2) iw m ZZ(=i) n=i nht.w hm=f I saw [to me] the victory of his Majesty. . Note: Given the verb forms in 71, we cannot read m ZZ.n=i here. (3) iw rdi.n=i t n hkr hbs.w n h Zy .. . . naked. I have given bread to the hungry and clothing to the

Note: See example on p. 56, below. [Zon92], Oefening 25, 1 iw rdi.n.i t n hkr hbsw n h Zy .. . . en kleding aan de naakte (4) iw msi.n=i hk Z r nmt.t=f s .. ik gaf brood aan de hongerige

I followed the ruler at his journeys.

(5) iw grt rdi.n n=i hm=f Zh.t 2 Now, his Majesty gave me 2 elds. . . [Zon92], Oefening 25, 5 iw grt rdi.n n.i hm.f Zht 2 Zijne Majesteit gaf nu aan mij . . twee velden

91 b
(1) iw rdi n=i pr.w A house was given to me.

91 c
(1) iw=i bs.kwi r sdm sdm.t I was introduced to hear that which is heard.

92
(1) dgi md.t nfr.t r w Zd iw gmi.tw=s m c.w hm.wt hr bnw.wt A perfect word is more hidden . . [lit. hides more] than green semi-precious stone, [and yet] it is found with female servants upon mill stones. Note: Translation of dgj by verborgen sein in [Han95]. [Cal75], p. 111 iw gm(y)=tw.s m c hjmwt hr bnwt [Eloquence is more hidden than . . the emerald,] although it is found with slave-girls at the mill-stones. [Gar57], p. 385 iw gm.t(w).s m c hmwt hr bnwt . . at (their) mill-stones. (2) iw cwn ib=k Your heart is greedy. The town of Avaris was besieged. 27 (but) it is found with handmaidens

(3) iw hmsi.tw hr dmi n.y hw.tw cr.t . . .

Note: Translation of hms hr by besiege town in [Fau62]. . . (4) iw=i sh Z=i spr r ntr pf n.y mni I remembered to plead to that god of dying. Note: Next to those mentioned in 85, also the verb sh Z can have an innitive as object (see [Gar57] 303). (5) iw=f m ZZ=f Wsir r c.w nb hn c Dhw.ty . . He sees Osiris every day with Thoth.

Note: Entry for r c.w missing from vocabulary, but see N5 in sign list.

94
(1) iw=sn r dd m Zc.t pw iw hrd.w=sn r dd n hrd.w m Zc.t pw their children will say to the children: it is the truth. (2) iw=i r m.t spr=i hr=k n Inpw s . They will say: it is the truth,

I will go so that I may plead for you to Anubis.

95
(1) ch c.n sbt.n=f im=i . Then he laughed at me. then he laughed at me. Then his Majesty sent a plentiful army to Nubia.

[Gar57], p. 392 ch c.n sbt.n.f im.i . (2) ch c.n sbi.n hm=f mc cZ r T Zsty s s . .

Note: Translation of sbi by send in [Fau62]. [Zon92], Oefening 25, 2 ch c.n sb.n hm.f mc cZ r T ZSty s s . . een talrijk leger naar Nubi e toen zond Zijne Majesteit

(3) ch c.n mc pn n.y hm=f spr(.w) r K Z hs.t Then this army of his Majesty reached miserable s s . . Kush. Note: This is an instance of the pseudo-verbal construction with ch c.n=f , not . discussed explicitly in the book. See [Gar57] 482. (4) ch c.n ini.n=f smn . Then he fetched a goose. Then I went to report it.

(5) ch c.n=i m.kwi r smi.t st s .

(6) ch c.n sgr.ti nn hni.t Then she was silenced, without rowing. . ch c.n=i m.kwi hn c s Z nsw (7) . s Then I went with the son of the king. . (8) ch c.n rdi.kwi r iw in w Zw w Zdwr . of the sea. Then I was put on [lit. towards] an island by a wave

Note: Translation of rdi by put in [Fau62].

96
(1) wn.in hm=f wd=f wi s . Then his Majesty greeted me.

(2) wn.in tw hr rdi.t n=i nbw Then one gave me gold. [or: Then I was given gold.] . Note: This is an instance of wn.in=f in the pseudo-verbal construction, not discussed explicitly in the book. See [Gar57] 470. 28

(3) wn.in tw hr ch Z hr mw . . .

Then people were [lit. one was] ghting for water.

97
(1) m=k h Zb.n=i hr hn=k n im.yr Z pr.w . . you to the overseer of the house. Behold, I have written [regarding] commending behold, I have written (lit. sent)

[Gar57], p. 330 mk h Zb.n.i hr hn.k n imyr pr . . commending thee to the steward. (2) m=k ph.n=n hnw is.wt=n iyi.ti wd Z.t . come uninjured.

Behold, we reached the palace, our crew having

Note: The w in the singular noun is.wt and the double writing of the t are due to the status pronominalis ([Gar57] 78). (3) ist iri n Z n.y Zh.wt m ch.wt . . Now these elds had been made in[to] farm-land.

Note: Translation of iri by make in [Fau62]. [Gar57], p. 340 ist ir n Z n Zht m ihwt . . lands. now these elds had been made into plough-

(4) ist wi hdi=i ... r hnw pf wr n.y hm=f sd Zw.tyw n.ty(w) m pr.w nsw ... hr m ZZ st Z=i r . . pr.w nsw When I travelled downstream ... to that great palace of his Majesty, sealbearers who were in the palace ... were seeing my admission [lit. bringing] to[wards] the palace. Note: n.ty(w) is a relative adjective ( 148). Translation of st Z by admit in [Fau62]. [Gar57], p. 161 ist wi hd.i ...... sd Zwtyw(?) ...... hr m ZZ st Z.i when I sailed down (to . do homage) ..... thetreasurers ........ witnessed my introduction.

98
(1) ink mh ib n.y nsw m t Z rdr=f ir Zh.t hr ib nb=f ck hr nfr.t pri hsi.w I am one who . . . . lled the heart of the king in the entire land, who did that which is useful in the heart of his lord, who entered with that which is perfect, who came out being praised. [Zon92], Oefening 28, 11 ink mhib n nsw m t Z rdr.f ir Zht hr ib nb.f ck hr nfrt pr . . . hs.w ik ben iemand die het hart van de koning vult [vertrouwelijk] in het hele land, . die doet wat nuttig is in het hart van zijn heer, die binnentreedt met goeds en die naar buiten gaat, terwijl geprezen (2) rh sw k Z.t nb.t n.t Mntw He is one who knows every work of Month. [Zon92], Oefening 28, 12 rh sw k Zt nbt nt Mntw een kennende (kundige in) alle werk van Montoe is hij (3) i mrr.w cnh msdd.w m(w)t Oh, ones who love life and ones who hate death. [Gar57], p. 283 i mrrw cnh, msddw mwt O ye who love life and hate death. (4) ist h Zb r msi.w nsw wn.w mht=f Now they sent for the children of the king who were with [lit. behind] him.

29

Note: Translation of h Zb r by send for in [Fau62]. [Zon92], Oefening 28, 10 ist h Zb.w r mswnsw wnw mht.f om de koningskinderen die in zijn gevolg waren (5)
Zh

toen werd er gezonden

st n irr r irr.w n=f done. is

It is more useful for one who does [it] than [for] one for whom [it]

[Gar57], p. 273 Zh n irr r irrw n.f (it is) more useful for him who does (it) than him for whom (it) done, lit. than (the one) done for him. is [Gra94], p. 122 Zh n jrr (j)r jrr.w n=f den, fr den es getan wird u Es ist ntzlicher fr den, der (es) tut, als fr u u u

(6) ntr w c cnh.w hr sm=f only god under whose guidance one lives s [Zon92], Oefening 29, 2 ntr w c cnhw hr sm.f de unieke god, onder wiens leiding er s geleefd wordt (7) Intf dd.w n=f Iwsnb Intef, called Iuseneb Note: Translation of ddw n.f by called, introducing second personal name in [Fau62]. (8) rh.t in.w ini.y n hm=f in wr.w n.w h Zs.wt nb.(w)t . the great ones of every foreign land. by A list of gift[s] brought to his Majesty

[Zon92], Oefening 29, 4 rht inw iny n hm.f in wrw nw h Zswt nbt het aantal van het . tribuut dat gebracht is Zijne Majesteit door de groten van alle vreemde landen aan (9) Intf dd.w n=f md.t h Zp.t Intef, to whom the word is spoken that is hidden. . (10) sdm n dd.ti n=k Listen to what will be said to you. [Zon92], Oefening 29, 5 sdm n ddti n.k luister naar wat tot je gezegd zal worden cZ m c.t htm.ti (11) h Z di=tn p Z iti Would that you place this barley here in the chamber . that will be sealed. Note: htm.ti can also be an instance of the Old Perfective, as argued by [Gra94], instead of a Prospective Participle. [Gra94], p. 67 m cw.t htm.tj in die Kammer, die verschlossen war (in die verschlossene Kammer, d.h. eine solche, die verschliebar war; wrtlich: in die Kammer, indem sie o verschliebar war [Zon92], Oefening 29, 6 h Z di.tn p Z it cZ m ct htmti . plaatsen in een kamer die afgesloten kan worden (12) iw=f mhi=f hr hpr.ti m t Z . . being] in the land. (13) wn=i wn.ti htm=i htm.ti sealed. och, wilt U toch deze gerst hier

He is concerned regarding what will happen [lit. come into I will open what is to be opened. I will seal what is to be

105
(1) s Z=f mri.y=f his son who is loved by [lit. of] him 30

Note: Here mri.y=f is seen as passive perfective participle followed by a direct genitive. This construction is not treated in the book; see however [Gar57] 379. Assuming the prospective relative form instead leads to his son whom he will love, which is an implausible translation. [Gar57], p. 296 s Z.f mry.f [Zon92], p. 135 s Z.f mry.f his son who is beloved of him. letterlijk zijn zoon, zijn geliefde zijn geliefde zoon

(2) ink mri.y nsw mrr.w nw.t=f hss.w ntr.w=s nb.w I am one who is loved by [lit. of] the . king, one whom his city loves, one whom all her gods praise. Note: her refers to city. [Zon92], Oefening 30, 1 ink mry nsw mrrw niwt.f hssw ntrw.s nbw ik ben iemand . die geliefd is door (letterlijk, van) de koning, die zijn stad(sbewoners) liefhebben en die al haar [= stad] goden prijzen (3) smr hrr.w nsw hr tp.tr Z=f . a Companion regarding whose utterance the king is satised I go upon this road upon which you have gone. ik ga heen over deze weg waarop

(4) m=i hr w Z.t tw m.t=tn hr=s s s . .

[Zon92], Oefening 30, 3 m.i hr w Zt tw mt.tn hr.s s s . . jullie weggegaan zijn (5) wbn.t w hr=s s . that, upon which the sun shines

Note: Translation of wbn by shine in [Fau62]. . [Zon92], Oefening 30, 4 wbnt Sw hr.s (6) nn n.y ih.t rdi.n=i n nn n.y w cb.w m isw exchange datgene waarover Sjoe schijnt these things that I gave to these priests in

Note: The plural form of ih.t can be treated as masculine or feminine; see [Gar57] 92. [Gar57], p. 307 nn n ht rdi(w).n.i n nn n w cbw these priests. these things which I have given to Dieser Besitz, den ich diesen

[Gra94], p. 131 nn n (j)h.t rd(j).n=j n nn n(j) w cb.w Webpriestern gegeben habe

(7) nn n.y ih.t rdi.n=s n=i these things that they gave to me cnh=i m cnh.t=sn im (8) I live from that from which they live. [Zon92], Oefening 30, 5 cnh.i m cnht.sn im ik leef van datgene waarvan zij leven (9) t hd dd.w=sn n=i white bread that they give me . [Zon92], Oefening 30, 6 thd didiw.sn n.i wittebrood dat zij mij geven . (10) iw n=s t Z.w n=s im(y) hbs.t nb.t p.t nn.t nb.t w Zdwr To her belong the lands, to her s . belongs everything that heaven covers [lit. hides] and everything that the sea surrounds. Note: Translation of hbs by cover up in [Fau62]. . 31

[Zon92], Oefening 30, 7 iw n.s t Zw n.s.imy hbst nbt pt nnt nbt w Zdwr voor haar s . zijn de landen, aan haar toebehorend is alwat de hemel bedekt en alwat de zee omcirkelt (11) wr iri.tn=f r ddd.t n=f said to him. That which he has done is greater than that which has been

[Zon92], Oefening 30, 8 nfr.wy sb Z.n it.f wr irt.n.f r dddt n.f hoe goed is iemand die [object] zijn vader onderwezen heeft; groter is wat hij gedaan heeft dan wat aan hem gezegd is (12) ink iyi.w n=f wr.w m ksw I am one to whom the great ones came, bowing down.

(13) shtp.n=i ntr m mrr.t=f That I pleased the god was with that which he loves. . [Zon92], Oefening 30, 10 shtp.n.i ntr m mrrt.f het is met wat hij graag wil dat ik . de god tevreden gesteld heb (14) dd.w n=f ntr.w i Zw one to whom the gods give praise [Zon92], Oefening 30, 11 didiw n.f ntrw i Zw iemand aan wie de goden lof brengen (15) sp di.t=f n=k Receive that which he will give to you! s [Zon92], Oefening 30, 2 sp dit.f n.k neem aan wat hij jou gegeven heeft s (16) gmi=k hni.t=k hr=s May you nd that on which you can rest [lit. land]. . Note: Translation of hni hr by rest on in [Fau62]. . [Gar57], p. 306 nn gm.k hnt.k hr.s [note: hr.sshould be hr.s] thou wilt not nd (any. thing) whereon thou mayst rest. (17) hpr.w mri.y=f hpr im=f all forms that he will want to become [Gar57], p. 307 irt hrpw nb mry.f hpr im.f [note: hrpw should be hprw ] of all changes into which he maywish to change.

the making

(18) ink iri hsi.ti ntr=f I am one who does that which his god will praise. . [Zon92], Oefening 30, 12 ink ir hsti ntr.f ik ben iemand die doet wat zijn god zal . prijzen (19) sdm n dd.ti=i n=k Listen to that which I will say to you. (20) pti iri.tn=i n=tn What is it that I did to you? (21) ih.t nb.t nfr.t w cb.t every perfect and pure thing [Zon92], Oefening 30, 16 ht nbt nfrt w cbt cnhti ntr im waarvan een god wil leven (22) mri.ti k Z=f pw iri.ti

alle goede en reine dingen

That which will be done is that which his soul will wish. wat gedaan zal worden is wat zij ka-ziel

[Zon92], Oefening 30, 17 mrti k Z.f pw irti zal willen (23) pw tr iri.ti=n What shall we do? 32

(24) nn isf.t pri.t m r Z=i nn dw.t iri.tn c.wwy=i there is no evil that my arms did.

There is no sin that came out of my mouth,

[Zon92], Oefening 35, 8 nn isft prt m r.i nn dwt irt.n cwy.i niet is er kwaad dat uit mijn mond voortgekomen is; niet is er kwaad dat mijn beide armen gedaan hebben (25) nn wn hm.tn=f did notknow.] There was not that which he did not know. [I.e. There was nothing he

[Gar57], p. 313 nn wn hmt.n.f rsy there is nothing at all which he does not know. [Zon92], Oefening 35, 5 nn wn hmt.n.f niet bestond er iets dat hij niet wist

112
(1) rn=i nfr(.w) hr rmt iwi.ty=sn mht rnp.wt come after years. My name is beautiful to the people who will

Note: Graphic transposition of t and w in iwi.ty=sn; see 10 c). [Zon92], Oefening 28, 1 rn.i nfr.w hr rmt iw.ty.sn mht rnpwt goed is bij de mensen die zullen komen door de jaren heen terwijl mijn naam

s (2) cnh.w nb n.y nw.t tn si nb hpr.ty=fy m hw.tntr tn sw Zi.ty=sn hr m ch c.t tn di.ty=sn wd . . . pn dd=tn m tp.tr Z=tn Every living person of this town, every man who will arrive in this temple, they who will pass this tomb, they who will read this stele, may you speak with your utterance. Note: Translation of hpr m by in (einen Ort) gelangen in [Han95]. [Zon92], Oefening 28, 2 cnh nb n niwt tn s nb hpr.ty.fy m hwtntr tn sw Z.ty.sn hr . . m ch ct tn d.ty.sn wd pn dd.tn m tptr.tn elke levende van deze stad, iedere man s . die zal optreden in deze tempel, jullie die zullen passeren langs dit schijngraf en die zullen lezen deze stele, mogen jullie spreken met jullie uitspraak

113
(1) pri.t pw iri.n nn ntr.w smsi.n=sn Rwddd.t djedet give birth. (2) ch c pw iri.n=f r wd=f s . Then these gods went out and made Rudj-

Then he stood up in order to greet him. toen stond hij op om hem aan te spreken

[Zon92], Oefening 32, 3 ch c pw ir.n.f r wd.f s . (3) pri.t pw iri.n=f rhrw .

Then he went [out] upwards.

(4) wd Z pw iri.n nn ntr.w Then these gods went. [Zon92], Oefening 32, 4 wd Z pw ir.n nn ntrw toen gingen deze goden voort (5) m.t pw iri.n sh.ty pn m hnti.yt r Nnnsw r spr hr=s n im.yr Z pr.w Mrw s Z Rnsi s . gmi.n=f sw hr pri.t m sb Z n.y pr.w=f Then this peasant went travelling southwards to . Herakleopolis to plead regarding it to the overseer of the house, Merus son Rensi. That he found him was while leaving [i.e. while Merus son Rensi was leaving] through the gate of his house.

33

Note: For the innitive form hnti.yt, see [Gar57] 299. For liation expressed in the form of Mrw s Z Rnsi , Merus son Rensi, see [Gar57] 85.

114
(1) nsp p Zi.t(w) iri.t st dr h Zw nsw bi.ty Snfr.w m Zchrw Never has it been done since the time of the King of Upper and Lower Egypt, Snofru, justied. Note: Translation of h Zw by time in [Fau62]. [Gar57], p. 395 n sp p Z.t(w) irt st dr h Zw nswbit Snfrw, m Zchrw never had it been done (lit. not occurred that one did the making of it) since the time of king Snofru, the justied. (2) nfr st r p Zi.yt hpr It was more beautiful than what had come into being [before]. [Gar57], p. 395 nfr st r p Zyt hpr they were more beautiful than that which had existed formerly, lit. that which had-done (perf. act. part.) exist. (3) im.ywh Z.t p Zi.w sdm n ntr.w . ancestors who have obeyed to the gods

119
(1) in s Z=sn Imn.wmh Z.t s cnh rn=sn . their name lives. It is their son, Amenemhet, who has caused that

(2) in ib=i shnti s.t=i It is my heart that advanced my position [lit. place]. Note: Translation of s.t by position in [Fau62]. [Zon92], Oefening 32, 16 in ib.i shnt st.i bevorderd heeft het was mijn verstand dat mijn positie

(3) ntf dd tprd It is he who gives instructions. (4) in hm=i rdi wsr=f It is my Majesty who caused that he is strong. . (5) ink grt wpi w Z.t=k shr n=k hft.y=k But it is I who opened your road and cast down for you your enemies. [Zon92], Oefening 32, 17 ink grt wp w Zt.k shr n.k hfty.k weg openlegde en die voor U Uw vijanden neervelde (6) ntf iri=f n=i p Z t hnk.t . ik was het immers die Uw

It is he who will prepare for me this bread and beer.

Note: Translation of iri by prepare food and drink in [Fau62]. (7) in ntr dd shr pn m ib=f It is the god who placed this plan in his heart. Note: Translation of rdi m ib by place in os heart in [Fau62]. (8) inm ir=f s Zw.y=f dp.t tn Who is it, who will protect this ship?

(9) nm dd=f rn=k hr ntr psi Who is it, who will say your name for the noble god? . s (10) nm ini tw r iw pn Who is it, who brought you to this island? [Gar57], p. 176 nm in tw who is it that has brought thee ? 34

[Zon92], p. 173 (i)nm in tw wie is degene die je gebracht heeft? c.w Zbw Zd=sn mr pn tnw rnp.t (11) in n Z n.y wh s It is these shermen of Elephantine who . will dig this canal every year. [Zon92], Oefening 32, 15 in n Z n wh cw Zbw d.sn mr pn tnw rnpt s . vissers van Elephantine die dit kanaal elk jaar moeten uitgraven het zijn deze

121
(1) ink pri.n=i I, I went out. ik nu, ik ben uitgegaan

[Zon92], p. 147 ink pr.n.i (2) t Z=n ph=n sw .

Our land, we have reached it. ons land, we hebben het bereikt

[Zon92], Oefening 33, 2 t Z.n ph.n sw .

(3) m=k ntr rdi.n=f cnh=k Behold, the god, he let you live. [Gar57], p. 115 mk ntr rdi.n.f cnh.k behold, god has caused thee to live. (4) c.wt=k sdm=sn hr=k Your bodily parts, may they obey to you! [Zon92], Oefening 33, 3 cwt.k sdm.sn hr.k je ledematen, mogen ze naar je luisteren (5) iw r Z n(.y) si nhm=f sw The mouth [i.e. the words] of a man rescue him. . Note: As on p. 57. (6) cntyw n=i imy sw Myrrh, it belongs to me. the incense, it belongs to me. de mirre, hij behoort aan mij toe

[Gar57], p. 114 cntyw n.iim sw [Zon92], p. 147 cntyw n.i.imy sw

(7) mnh=i rh.n st nsw My excellence, the king knew it. (8) bw.t=f pw n wnm=f st It was his abomination, he did not eat it.

125
(1) ir m cZ.t n.t hss wi hm=f r h Z.ty c.w nb hpr m Zbdw dr p Zw.t=s rdi.y twt.ww=i m . . . hw.tntr Inasmuch as his Majesty praised more than any count who had come into me . being in Abydos since her primeval time, my statues were placed in the temple. [Zon92], Oefening 33, 1 ir m cZtn hss wi hm.f r h Zty c nb hpr m Zbdw dr p Zwt.s . . . rdi.y twwt.i m hwtntr m ms n ntr cZ smn.w n.sn w cbyt smnh.w p Zwt.sn m s s s . erfprins die er wat betreft omdat Zijne Majesteit mij zozeer prees meer dan enige geweest is in Abydos sinds haar oertijd, werden mijn beelden geplaatst in de tempel in het gevolg van de grote god, werden voor hen vleesoers vastgesteld, en werden hun oerbroden vastgelegd op schrift (2) ir grt sr nb rdi.ty=fy iri.t n=f h Z.t m hnw t Z s.t dsr.t smi.tw=f wdi p Z hp hr=f Now, as . for every ocial who will cause the making for him of a tomb in the interior of this holy place, he will be reported and this law will be applied with him.

35

[Zon92], Oefening 33, 4 ir grt sr nb rdi.ty.fy irt n.f h Zt mhnw t Z st dsrt smi.tw.f . wd.(t)w p Z hp hr.f wat betreft nu elke ambtenaar die zal zorgen voor zich te maken een graf op deze heilige plaats, hij worde aangebracht en deze wet worde op hem toegepast (3) ir Wsir hk Z pw n.y d.t nsw n.tyw im .. those who are there. As for Osiris, he is the ruler of eternity and king of

Note: n.tyw is a relative adjective ( 148). [Zon92], Oefening 33, 6 ir Wsir hk Z pw n dt nsw ntywim wat betreft Osiris, hij is .. de heerser van de eeuwigheid, de koning van degenen-die-daar-zijn [de doden] (4) ir n.tt nb.t m s hr p Z fdw di=i sdm=tn st s . s papyrus roll, I will cause that you hear it. As for everything in writing upon this

Note: n.tt is a relative adjective ( 148). di is Subjunctive form, used as Prospec tive/Future form; see Note on p. 44. [Zon92], Oefening 33, 7 ir ntt nbt m s hr p Z fdw di.i sdm.tn st wat betreft alwat s . s op schrift staat op deze boekrol, zal ik zorgen dat jullie het horen

129
(1) ir ikr=k grg=k pr.w=k . If you are excellent, then you will found your house. if thou art well-to-do, thou shalt found thy house.

[Gar57], p. 117 ir ikr.k, grg.k pr.k .

(2) ir sdm=k nn dd.n=i n=k wnn shr=k nb r h Z.t If you obey these [words] that I have said . to you, every plan of yours willbe towards the front [i.e. make progress]. Note: Translation of rh Zt by vorwrts in [Han95]. a . [Gar57], p. 116 ir sdm.k nn dd.n.i n.k, wnn shr.k nb r h Zt if thou harkenest to this . that I have said to thee, every plan of thinewill go forward, lit. will be to the front. o [Gra94], p. 152 jr sdm=k nn dd.n=j n=k wnn shr=k nb r h Z.t Wenn du auf das hrst . (oder: hren wirst), was ich dir gesagt habe, gelingt jede Absicht von dir (oder: wird o jede Absicht von dir gelingen) (wrtlich: ist/wird ... an der Spitze (sein) ) o (3) ir ikr=k iw=k r h Z.ty c.w m nw.t=k . . If you are excellent, you will be count in your city.

Note: Before a noun, the preposition r can be used to indicate a future condition; see [Gar57] 122. [Zon92], Oefening 33, 12 ir ikr.k iw.k r h Zty c m niwt.k . . erfprins zijn in je stad (4) ir sh Z=f nn s Z=i pw msi.tw=f n=i born to me. (5) ir gmi=k ks=f wd Z(.w) ... dd.in=k ... . als je bekwaam bent, zul je

If he remembers this, then he is my son and he was If you nd his bone uninjured ... then you say ...

130

36

(1) gmm=k gm Z=f wd Z(.w) ... dd.in=k (i)r=f ... you say ...

If you nd his temple uninjured ... then

Note: gmm=k should be identied as the Aorist form, based on [Gra94] 40 II and 63 II. (2) mri=tn hsi tn ntr=tn dd=tn ... If you desire that your god praises you, you will say ... . [Zon92], Oefening 33, 14 mr.tn hs tn ntrw.tn dd.tn htpdinsw n W Zhk Z m Zchrw . . . als jullie willen dat jullie goden jullie prijzen, dan moeten jullie zeggen: een-oer-datde-koning-geeft voor Wah-ka, waar van stem (3) hr h Z.t=i r t Z hr h Z.t Nw.t r t Z If my face falls on [lit. towards] the ground [lit. the land], . . then the face Nut falls on the ground. of [Gar57], p. 163 hr h Zt nt N pn r t Z, hr Nwt r t Z if the face of this N (= an Eg. . personal name) fall to the ground, Nut will fall to the ground. (4) ir w cb nb hr.yh Zb nb s nb sw Zi.ty=fy hr ch c.w pn m hdi m hsfy.t m mrr=tn nsw=tn s . . . hss=tn ntr.w=tn sbi=tn r im Zh mm im Zh.yw dd=tn htpdinsw As for any priest, any . . lector priest or any scribe who will pass this tomb, travelling downstream or travelling upstream, as you love your king and praise your gods that you may attain honour among the revered ones, may you say an oering which the king gives. Note: Translation of im Zhy by revered in [Gar57]. Translation of sbi r by attain to in [Fau62].

133
(1) m cZ ib=k hr rh=k . which you know! No not be great of your heart [i.e. do not be arrogant] regarding that

Note: Adjectives usually have a corresponding adjective-verb ([Gar57] 135); here the adjective-verb cZ means be great. Translation of cZ ib by be arrogant in [Fau62]. [Gar57], p. 260 m cZ ib.k hr rh.k . account of thy knowledge. (2) m rdi m=n hr mtn pf t Z s s . road! do not be pued up (lit. great as to thy heart) on

Let us not go [lit. do not cause that we go] upon that secret let us not go upon that dicult road.

[Gar57], p. 260 m rdi m.n hr mtn pf t Z s s .

134
(1) ir Zh nb irr.w n=f nn iw=f mm cnh.ww n ski.n=f wnn=f m ntr dsr n hm.n sw ih.t nb.t dw.t wnn=f m Zh mnh m imn.t nm(w)t.n=f m whm As for any spirit for whom this . is done, he is among the living, he does not perish, he will be with the holy god, anything bad does not strike him, he will be an eective spirit in the west, he does not die again.

135
(1) iw=sn mn(.w) hr hrw.yt pr.w nsw cnh(.w) wd Z(.w) snb(.w) tm.tw rdi.t rh.t=sn hr wd pn . . r tm s cZ md(w).wt They remain the journal of the palace (may he [i.e. the king in s in the palace] live, prosper and be healthy!) so that their list is not placed [i.e. need not be placed] upon this stele to not multiply the words [i.e. to avoid that there would be too many words on the stele]. 37

[Gar57], p. 264 tm.tw rdit rht.sn hr wd pn r tm s cZ mdwt the number of them has s . not been put upon this record in order not to multiply words. Or , that the number has not been put ... is in order not, etc. [Zon92], Oefening 36, 7 iw.sn mn.w hr hrwyt prnsw c.w.s tm.tw rdit rht.sn hr wd pn . . r tm s cZ mdwt ze zijn vastgelegd in het dagboek van het paleis -leven, voorspoed, s gezondheid-, opdat hun aantal niet gezet hoeft te worden op deze stele, om de woorden niet teveel te maken

136
(1) n rh=i ini wi r h Zs.t tn I do not know him who brought me towards this foreign land. Note: Literally, n rh=i means I have not learned > I do not know, hence present tense; see [Gar57] 414. [Gar57], p. 376 n rh.i in wi r h Zst tn to this country. I do not know who (lit. him who) brought me

(2) iw msi.n(=i) nb cZ msi.n(=i) nb nds n iwi ih.t im s s small lord, nothing occurred. (3) n sdm.tw rn=i m r Z whm.w=i .

I followed a great lord, I followed a

my name was not heard in the mouth of my herald.

137
(1) nn tm(.w)=f iri(.w) bw nfr n h Zs.t wnn.ty=sy hr mw=f . the foreign land that will be in his wake. He will not fail to do good to

Note: For the construction nn sdm=f in a main clause, see 140. [Gar57] ( 346) states that in the case of a double negative, tm is best translated as fail. [Gar57], p. 264 nn tm.f ir bw nfr n h Zst wnnty.sy hr mw.f he will not fail to do good . to the land which will be loyal to him, lit. be on his water.

138
(1) imi m ZZ rmt Let people not see. [Gar57], p. 263 im(i) m ZZ rmt let not men see. (2) imi=k iri(.w) ih.t r=s May you not do anything concerning it. [Gar57], p. 264 im(i).k ir ht r.s thou shalt do nothing concerning it.

140
(1) n nmh=i nmh m ih.wt=f n iri=i bw.wt ntr.w . . I did not do the abominations of the gods. I did not deprive the orphan of his things,

Note: Translation of nmh m by deprive of in [Fau62]. . [Zon92], Oefening 21, 17 n nmh.i nmh m ht.f n ir.i bwt ntrw n sdwy.i hm n hrytp.f . . . . niet heb ik de arme beroofd van zijn bezittingen, niet heb ik de afschuw van de goden begaan, niet heb ik een dienaar belasterd bij zijn superieur (2) nsp iri.y=i ih.t nb.t dw.t r rmt nb Never did I do any evil thing towards any person. 38

Note: For nsp, see 75 and 114. (3) nsp hpr mi.tt hr ntr.w im.ywb Zh dr p Zw.t t Z Never did the like happen with the gods . whowere before, since the primeval time of the land. [Zon92], Oefening 35, 9 nsp hpr mitt hr ntrw imywb Zh dr p Zt t Z nooit was het . gelijke gebeurd bij de godendie van vroeger zijn, sinds de oertijd van het land (4) ir hm nb r Z pn n ck.n=f . enter. As for every one who does not know this speech, he does not as to anyone who does not know this spell, he

[Gar57], p. 116 ir hm nb r pn, n ck.n.f . shall never enter.

(5) ir skdd hr=f n s Zh.n=f t Z n mni.n dp.wt=f r dmi=s As for one who travels carrying it, . . he does not reach land, his ship does not land at her town. Note: The w in dp.wt=f is due to the status pronominalis ([Gar57] 78). [Gar57], p. 333 ir skdd hr.f, n s Zh.n.f t Z as for him who sails with falsehood for a . . cargo (lit. under it (grg)), he does not reach land. (6) r Z gr(.w) n mdw.n=f The mouth is silent, it does not speak.

(7) iri.n st hm=i m i Z.wt nn hpr grg st My Majesty changed it into ruins, its resettlement . [lit. the settling of it] willnot come into being. Note: Translation of ir m by change into in [Fau62]. (8) nn wn=i n=k nn di=i ck=k hr=i I will not open [the door] for you, I will not allow that . . you enter [lit. I will not cause] past [lit. through] me. Note: Translation of hr by through in [Fau62]. .

141
(1) k.t nt tm rdi hpr skm Other [remedy] of not allowing that becoming grey comes into being. [Another remedy to avoid that the hair starts to become grey.] [Gra94], p. 160 k(j).t(j) (phr.t) n(j).t tm rd(j)(.w) hpr skm Ein anderes (Heilmittel) fr das Nicht-Zulassen, da Ergrauen (des Haares) entsteht u (2) r Z n tm hw Z m hr.tntr . Spell of not rotting in the necropolis.

Note: Translation of r by spell in the vocabulary of [Gar57]. (3) rm iri k Z.wt Not to do work.

(4) rm rdi m Zn=i tw not allowing me to see you? (5) nn swt rdi.t sw Zi k Zi n.y Nhsy.w m hdi hr Hh r nhh but without ever allowing to pass . . .. .. a ship of the Nubians travelling downstream from Heh. Note: Translation of hr by from in [Fau62]. Translation of nn ... r nhh by . .. niemals in [Han95].

142
39

(1) tm(.w) iri.t n=f tb.ty m nb ch c.w One who did not make a pair of sandals for him[self] [i.e. . someone so poor he could not make himself a pair of sandals] is [now] owner of treasures. Note: Translation of iri by make in [Fau62]. Entry for tb.t missing from vo cabulary, but see S33 in sign list. (2) w Z.wt tmm(.w) hnd(.w) st in ky.wy roads which have never been trodden by others. (3) ink tm(.w) tn(.w) hm.n=f r rh.n=f I am one who does not distinguish him whom he does not know from him whom he knows. [Zon92], Oefening 36, 10 ink tm tn.w hm.n.f r rh.n.f ik ben iemand die niet onder scheidde tussen iemand die hij niet kent en iemand die hij wel kent

143
(1) tm.n whi(.w) shr=f whose plan does not fail. [Zon92], Oefening 36, 13 tm.n wh.w shrw.f

iemand wiens plannen niet teloorgingen

144
s (1) tm.t(y)=sn iri(.w) hft wd pn n.y hm=i tm.t(y)=sn s cr.w wi n ntr pn psy they who do . with this decree of my Majesty, they who not cause me to ascend not act in accordance do to this noble god. Note: We nd here the form psy as in [Fau62], not psi as in the vocabulary. s s

145
(1) in iw h Zi.n=tn hr w Z.wt hr.(yw)t Did you descend upon the upper roads? . . Note: Translation of hry by upper in [Fau62]. . [Zon92], Oefening 37, 5 iniw h Z.n.tn hr w Zwt hryt . . jullie afgedaald zijn? (2) in iw=k cpr.ti iw=i cpr.kwi is het over de bovenwegen dat

Are you equipped? [Then] I am equipped [as well]. bent U toegerust?; dan ben ik

[Zon92], Oefening 37, 2 in iw.k cpr.ti iw.i cpr.kwi (ook) toegerust

(3) in iw m Zc.t pw p Z dd Is this saying the truth? [Gar57], p. 403 in iw m Zct pw p Z dd is the saying true, lit. truth? [Gra94], p. 149 jnjw m Zc.t pw p Z dd jw=k rh.tj t Zz tp hsk(.w) Ist Wahrheit das . . Reden: Du weit einen abgeschnittenen Kopf (wieder)anzufgen? u (4) in cw Zi.tw=i m d Zt.t=f Shall I be robbed on [lit. in] his estate? [Zon92], Oefening 37, 6 in cw Z.tw.i m d Ztt.f zal ik dan beroofd worden in zijn dis trict?

147
(1) ir swj.tw phr.t tn in n.ty mr.t m h.t=f snb=f hr c.w mi n.ty n mr=f If this prescription . is drunk by one in whose torso there is sickness, then he will be healthy immediately, like one who was not sick. 40

[Gar57], p. 151 in nty mrt m ht.f who the pains are in his body. [Gar57], p. 152 mi nty n mr.f

by him in whose body the pains are, lit. by him

like one who has not been ill.

[Zon92], Oefening 33, 16 ir swr.tw phrt tn in nty mrwt m ht.f snb.f hr c mi nty n . mr.f ir swt k Zc.f st m(w)t.f pw als dit geneesmiddel gedronken wordt door iemand . in wiens buik pijn is, dan zal hij onmiddellijk weer beter zijn zoals iemand die niet ziek is geweest; maar als hij het uitspuwt, betekent het dat hij zal sterven (2) nfr sdm r n.t(y)t nb.t Listening is more perfect than anything [that is]. [Zon92], Oefening 31, 8 nfr sdm r ntt nbt luisteren is beter dan wat-bestaat (3) ir n.tyt nb.t m s hr p Z fdw sdm st mi dd st As for everything in writing upon this s . s papyrus roll, hear it as I say it [i.e. as I read it aloud to you]. [Gar57], p. 116 ir ntt nbt m s hr p Z fdw sdm st s . s papyrus-roll, hear it. as to all which is in writing on the

(4) rh.kwi bw n.ty st im I know the place where it is. (5) ntr pn n.ty tn mht=f this god whom you are accompanying. Note: Translation of mht by accompanying in [Fau62]. [Zon92], Oefening 31, 5 ntr pn nty tn mht.f (6) pti n Z n.t(y)t n iyi.wyn r=s deze god in wiens gevolg jullie zijn

What is that concerning which we have come? wat is datgene waarom wij gekomen

[Zon92], Oefening 37, 18 pty n Z ntt n iy.wyn r.s zijn?

(7) ink dd.w n=f n.t(y)t m ib I am one to whom is said that which is in the heart [i.e. I am one to whom people are frank]. [Zon92], Oefening 31, 3 ink ddw n.f ntt m ib smiw n.f ntt iwtt ik ben iemand tot wie wat in het hart is gezegd wordt en aan wie gemeld wordt wat-bestaat en watniet-bestaat [= alles] (8) smi.w n=f n.tyt iw.tyt one to whom everything is reported.

[Zon92], Oefening 31, 3 ink ddw n.f ntt m ib smiw n.f ntt iwtt ik ben iemand tot wie wat in het hart is gezegd wordt en aan wie gemeld wordt wat-bestaat en watniet-bestaat [= alles] (9) iww n=f n.tyt iw.tyt it is to him that everyone [lit. everything] comes.

(10) n.ty nb rn=f hr wd pn everyone whose name is upon this stele. . [Gra94], p. 134 ntj nb rn=f hr wd(w).w pn Jeder, dessen Name auf dieser Stele ist . (11) iw.ty rh ntr.w rn=f one whose name the gods do not know. (12) iw.ty thh=f rdi.yt m hr=f tm b Zgi(.w) hr rdi.yt m hr=f iw.ty kdd=f m grh one who . . . . . does not transgress that which was commanded to him, one who is not weary regarding that which was commanded to him, one who does not sleep in the night.

41

[Zon92], Oefening 31, 14 iwty thh.f rdyt m hr.f . hem opgedragen is [Zon92], Oefening 36, 17 tm bg.w hr rdyt m hr.f . . gaande wat aan hem opgedragen was [Zon92], Oefening 31, 15 iwty kdd.f m grh . .

iemand die niet overtreedt wat aan iemand die niet nalatig was aan-

iemand die niet slaapt in de nacht

Reading Exercise 1
Note: For published translations, see [Row36] nr. 538 (pp. 128-129). hm.t nsw wr.t Ty cnh.ti rn n.y it=s Ywi Z rn n.y mw.t=s Twi Z The great wife of the king . Tiy (may she live!); the name of her father is Yuya and the name of her mother is Tjuia. hm.t pw n.t nsw nht She is the wife of a strong king. . Note: Translation of nht by strong in [Fau62]. t Z=f rsy r Kry mh.ty r Nhrn His southern border reaches to Kry, and the northern [border] s . to Naharin.

Reading Exercise 2
Note: For published translations, see [BB77] (p. 47); for a picture of the original, see Tafel 41 thereof. iw msi.n=i ntr nfr hk Z m Zc.t nsw bi.ty MnhprR c.w I followed the perfect god, ruler of s .. the divine order, the King of Upper and Lower Egypt Menkheperre. iw m ZZ.n=i nht.w nsw iri.tn=f hr h Zs.wt nb.t . in all foreign lands, I saw the victory of the king and what he did

ini.n=f wr.w n.w D Zhy m skr cnh r T Zmri when he fetched the princes of Syria as prisoner[s] . to Egypt, h Zk.n=f dmi.w=sn nb.w cd.n=f mnw=sn s . . cut [down] their trees. when he plundered all their towns, and when he

nn h Zs.t ch c.t hfthr=f There was no foreign land that stood up in front of him. . . ink smn p Z nht.w iri.tn=f hr h Zs.t nb.t It was I who perpetuated this victory and what he . did in every foreign land, iri.w m s mi iri.ywt s by putting in writing [as] what had been done.

Note: iri.w is old perfective, in sg.3.m. due to smn, which literally means he who perpetuated.

Reading Exercise 3
Note: For the complete text, see [Hel84a] nr. 374 (pp. 1287-1299); the exercise is an excerpt from p. 1296 thereof. For published translations, see [Hel84b] p. 31 after 1296. rdi.n hm=f iri.tw wd pn Then his Majesty commanded that this stele be created, . smn.w m r Zpr.w pn m s.t ch c.w n.y nb established in this temple, at the place of the stations . of the lord . 42
ch c.n

Note: Translation of ch cw by ceremonial stations of persons in [Fau62]. . wd Z(.w) snb(.w) (may he live, prosper and be healthy!), hti.w m rn wr n.y nb t Z.wy and engraved with the great name of the lord of the two lands, s Z R c.w Imn.whtp.wntrhk ZIwnw the son of Re, Amenhotep-god-ruler-of-Heliopolis, . .. mht iyi.t hm=f m Rtnw hr.t . . Retenu after the coming [i.e. the return] of his Majesty from Upper and after he had overthrown all the enemies while
cnh(.w)

shr.n=f rky.w nb.w hr swsh t Z.w Km.t s . . widening the borders of Egypt.

Reading Exercise 4a
Note: For published translations, see [Bre06] 647 (p. 292). h Z.tsp 8 hr hm n.y nsw bi.ty H cik Z.wR c.w cnh(.w) d.t Year 8 under the majesty of the . . King Upper and Lower Egypt, Sesostris III; may he live eternally! of wd hm=f iri.t mr m m Zw.t His Majesty commanded the creation of a canal anew, . rn n.y mr pn nfr w Z.wt H cik Z.wR c.w d.t the name of this canal being Good are the ways of Sesostris III eternally, s mht wd Z hm=f m hnti r shr.t K Z hsi.t . miserable Kush.
Zwi

after his Majesty had gone southwards to overthrow The length of this canal was 150 cubit, the width

n.y mr pn mh 150 wsh.w 20 mdw.t 15 . 20 [cubit], and the depth 15 [cubit].

Reading Exercise 4b
Note: For published translations, see [Gar57] (pp. 335-336). h Z.tsp 50 tp.y m.w 22 hr hm n.y nsw bi.ty MnhprR c.w di cnh Year 50, rst month of the s . . summer, day 22, under the majesty of the King of Upper and Lower Egypt, Menkheperre, given life. wd hm=f Zd mr pn mht gm.t=f sw db Z.w m inrw His Majesty commanded the digging s . of this canal, after his nding it blocked up with stones; Note: In db Z.w , read O36 for Y5. n skdi.n dp.t hr=f a ship could not travel through it. . . hdi.n=f hr=f ib=f Zwi.w sm Z.n=f hft.yw=f . joyful, after he had killed his enemies. He travelled downstream on it, his heart being

Note: [Fau62] translates Zw ib as joyful. rn n.y mr pn wn t Z w Z.t m nfr.t MnhprR c.w cnh(.w) d.t The name of this canal was: Menkheperre (may he live eternally!) is the one who opens the road as something perfect. in n Z n.y wh c.w Zbw di=sn mr pn tnw rnp.t s . (out) this canal every year. It are the shermen of Elephantine who dig

43

Note: di is to be read as removing silt from an existing canal. Cf. [Han95]: Zd , s s schibar machen (verstopften Kanal).

Reading Exercise 5
im Zh Hk Zib msi n Ipt dd The honoured Hekaib, born to Ipet, says: .. ink si n.y mht mri.yn hk Z=f hsi=f m hr.t hrw.w n.t r c.w nb I am a man of after what his .. . ruler desires, and whom he praises in the course of every day, dd nfr.t whm mrr.t wi.y m dd bin one who says what is good, and repeats what is liked, s . free of [lit. empty of] saying evil, [All00], p. 331 jnk dd nfrt whm mrrt . what is loved. hsi.y n.y ntr nw.ty=f mri.y n.y sp Z.t=f . I am one who says what is good and repeats

praised of his city-god, beloved of his nome.

Reading Exercise 7
Note: For the complete text, see [Hel84a] nr. 365 (pp. 1227-1243); the exercise is an excerpt from pp. 1231-1234 thereof. For published translations, see [Hel84b] pp. 7-8 from 1231 to a few lines after 1234. nsw pw kni mi Mntw . He is a king, strong like Month,

iti n iti.tw m c.w=f who robs but one has not robbed from him, s ptpt h Zs.w(t) nb bt.wt who tramples all foreign lands that rebel, nn wn nh st m t Z pf n.y Nhrn without one who could protect them [i.e. the inhabitants of the foreign lands] in that land of Naharin h Zc.n nb=f n snd that his lord had left for fear. hb Z.n=i nw.wt=f why.wt=f di.n=i sd.t im=sn I destroyed his cities and his settlements and . I set re to them. iri.n st hm=i m i Z.wt . My Majesty turned them into ruins,

nn hpr grg st without the (re)creation of them coming into being [i.e. so that they could not be recreated]. h Zk.n=i rmt.t=sn nb.t ini(.w) m skr.w cnh . . . prisoners, mnmn.t ir.y nn dr.w ih.wt=sn r mi.tt their property. I captured all their people, who were fetched as

and the cattle thereof without bound, and likewise

Note: Translation of ih.wt as property as on p. 39. [Fau62] translates r mitt as likewise; see alsom mi.tt, likewise on p. 69. c.n=i mnw=sn ht.w=sn nb bnr I cut [down] their trees and all their fruit-trees. s Note: [Fau62] translates ht bnr as fruit-tree. ist d Zi.n hm=i r ph.ww n.w St.t And my Majesty ferried to the marshlands of Asia. . . 44

iw rdi.n=i mdh.tw ch c.ww cZ n.w c I ordered that many ships of cedar be hewn s s . . Note: The sign T7, used in the spelling of mdh.tw , is missing from the sign list; . cf. [Gar57]. hr dw.w n.w T Z ntr . on the mountains of Gods-land

Note: [Fau62] states that T Zntr often refers to Pwenet, but context shows that it must here refer to Libanon. m h Zw t Z nb.t Kpny in the vicinity of the mistress of Byblos, which [i.e. the cedar] was placed on wagons towed by bulls [lit.

rdi hr wrr.ywt k Z.w hr st Z . . and bulls were towing].

skdi=sn hrh Z.t hm=i r d Zi.t itrw pf im.ytw h Zs.t tn r Nhrn They travelled in front of my . . . Majesty to ferry across that river that is between this foreign land and Naharin nsw swt n.y swhi n=f a king of boasting of him [i.e. a king whom one praises].

r Zd Zw.t c.wwy=fy m r Zd Zy.w because of his two arms in melee, Note: [Fau62] translates rd Zwt as because of. [Fau62] translates rd Zw as mellay, i.e. melee. d Zi Phrwr hrs Z ph sw . . had attacked him, and who ferried over the Euphrates behind [i.e. chasing] them who as the rst of his army while seeking that miserable

m tp.y n.y mc=f hr hhi hrw pf hsi s . .. enemy

Note: hrw is singular, despite what the vocabulary suggests; cf. [Fau62]. m h Zs.wt Mtn in the foreign lands of Mitanni, ist sw wth.w hrh Zt hm=f r ky t Z bw w Zi n snd while he ed for his Majesty in another . . land, a far place, for fear.
ch c.n

smn.n hm=i wd=i hr dw pf n.y Nhrn . . stele on that mountain of Naharin,

Then my Majesty established [i.e. put up] my

Note: In the spelling of dw , N25 is an erratum; read N26. m di m dw hr gs imn.ti Phrwr as one cut out from the mountain on the western side of s . the Euphrates. ky sp gr n.y nht.w wd.n R c.w hr=i for me: Another occasion now of victory that Re had commanded

whm.n=f n=i kni.t cZ.t He repeated for me something very brave [i.e. he made me again . . perform an heroic act], m ym n.y Ny at the sea of Ny.

rdi.n=f iri.y=i s Zw m Zb.w He made me run across [lit. make] a troop of elephants. Note: The sign E26 for elephant is missing from the sign list; cf. [Gar57].

45

ch Z.n

st hm=i m idr n.y 120 . herd of 120 [animals].

My Majesty hunted [lit. fought] them, they being [lit. as] a

nsp iri.tw mi.tt in nsw dr ntr p Zi.yw sp hd.t s . Egypt.

Never had the like been done by a king since the god who had [in the past] received the white crown of Upper I said this without boasting there, and without lie

dd.n=i nn nn cb c im nn wn iwms mm therein.

Note: [Fau62] translates mm as therein. iri.n(=i) st hft wd n=i it=i Imn.wR c.w nb ns.wt t Z.wy I did it according as my father, Amun-Re, lord of the thrones of the two lands, commanded to me, Note: Entry for ns.t missing from vocabulary, but see W11 in sign list. sm hm=i hr mtn nfr m shr.w=f mnh.w s . . eective plans. sm Z.n=f n=i Km.t dr.t s ni.tn itn m hf c=i s who guided my Majesty on the good path by his

He united for me Egypt [lit. the black land] and the red land,

and that which the sun surrounds is in my grasp.

Reading Exercise 8
Note: For the complete text, see [Hel84a] nr. 457 (pp. 1480-1481). For published translations, see [Hel84b] pp. 118-119 starting from just after Inschrift. ir.yp c.t h Z.ty c.w sd Zw.ty bi.ty . Egypt, The prince, the count, the sealbearer of the King of Lower

tkn m nsw w c rstp hr nb m b Zgi who approaches [i.e. who is allowed to approach] the king, . the one person who is watchful, when everyone is tired, hr hhi Zh.t n nb=f while seeking something useful for his lord, . .. dhn.n nsw hr mnh ib=f whom the king had promoted because of the excellence of his heart . r iri.t mhr.w ts.wt=f for doing the requirements of his taxes, im.yr Z pr.w wr dw Zwyrnhh m Zchrw the great overseer of the house Duawy-er-neheh, .. justied. dd=f hr rmt wnnyw He speaks to the people who are [alive]. dd=i n=tn hpr.t n=i hr irr.tw n=i I will tell you what happened at what was done to me, . m msi iti.y while following the sovereign. s msi.n=i sw hr mw hr t Z ht h Zs.t rsy.t mh.tt s . . . southern and northern foreign land. I followed him on water and on land, through

n iwi sp=i m stps Z Never came my fault [a complaint about any wrongdoing] in the palace. Note: [Fau62] translates sp as fault. iri.n=i dd.tn=f mnh.w I did what he said, being eective. 46

shnti.kwi r mi.ty=i nb I was more promoted than any equal of mine, rdi.kwi m h Z.t smr.w=f and I was placed at the front of his Companions. . iyi.n=i
cZ

r nw.t n.t nhh ..

I came here, to the city of eternity

Note: [Fau62] translates nhh as eternity, and niwt nt nhh as necropolis. .. .. iri.n=i mrr.t rmt.w hss.t ntr.w after I had done what people desire and gods praise. . sm Z.n=i t Z m s ch nb hsyw n.y ntr nfr I was buried as dignitary, lord of praised ones of the . . perfect god, Note: [Fau62] translates s ch as dignitary. . k ch.n=i dr.t hr rn=sn . . . name. after I bent the hand [gesture made when bringing a sacrice] for their Do for me an-oering-which-the-king-gives as [at]

iri n=i htpdinsw mi nw iri.n=i tp t Z . the time that I did [it] on earth.

Note: In the spelling of nw , U21 is an erratum; read U19. ink s ch n iri.tn=f . I am a dignitary because of what he [i.e. I] did,

dd nfr.t whm mrr.t who said what was good, and who repeated what was desired. . nfr pw iri.t hr iri.ywt It is good to do concerning what has been done. [I.e. the visitor should . speak the oering formula, just as the deceased has.]

other reading exercises

6. 9. Note: For translations, see [Par97] (pp. 92-98), [Lic75] (pp. 212-215), [Sim72] (pp. 50-56), or [Zon92] (pp. 225-235 and 268-270). Note: For translations, see [Par97] (pp. 134-139), [Lic75] (pp. 140-144), [Sim72] (pp. 235-240), or [Zon92] (pp. 237-239 and 270-271).

Errata
p. 5, line -6. s Z nsw is inconsistent with s Znsw on p. 160, and hw.t ntr is inconsistent . with hw.tntr on pp. 46 and 156. . p. 5, line -1. ir.y p c.t (also on p. 53) is inconsistent with ir.yp c.t on p. 146. p. 16. It seems wrong that the plural in line -6 should be transliterated as hrw.w , whereas the singular is transliterated identically in line 4 (see also pp. 35 and 156). p. 17, line -5. 70.5 should be 70.2c. The same error on p. 18, line 15, and on p. 19, line 3. p. 24, line 6. Possibly 47 was meant instead of 37. p. 24, line 10. ir.t is inconsistent with iri.t on p. 146. p. 25, line 10. r gs=k (at your side) should be rgs=k for the sake of consistency with rgs=f (at his side) on p. 44 and rgs (beside) on p. 19. 47

 p. 26, line 3. Rtnw inconsistent with Rtnw on p. 8. p. 37, line -2. tp.t is left untranslated. It is not clear to me whether this is an error. However, [Gar57] on p. 357 translates this by tip in I go up on the tip of your wings. This translation is conrmed by [Cal75], p. 89. [All00], p. 377, has on top of your wings. p. 38, line 12. your beloved god should be your sweet beloved god. p. 39, line 12. iti.w is inconsistent with it.w on p. 63. p. 40, line 12. hs.t rather than hsi.t seems inconsistent with pri.t on p. 52. . . p. 40, line -2. di.n should be di.n for the sake of consistency. (Other grammars would consistently write (r)di instead of (r)di .) Further, =(i) should be (=i) for the sake of consistency with occurrences elsewhere, e.g. di.n(=i) on p. 56; unnecessary seems to be the space in iri.n (=i) on p. 78, line -12. p. 42, line -2. it should be ist. ss s p. 44, line 7. Heracleopolis should be Herakleopolis for the sake of consistency with p. 154. p. 44, line -2, and p. 68, line -4. n sp is inconsistent with nsp e.g. in 140. p. 45, line 13. stt.yw should be St.tyw for the sake of consistency with p. 162. p. 52, line 13. Zh.w should be s Zh.w ; see [Fau62] p.211. Further, hr.yh Zb.t is inconsistent . with hr.yh Zb on p. 159. . p. 52, line -9. irysm is inconsistent with ir.y sm on p. 146. s s p. 53, line 2. Mnt.w is inconsistent with Mntw on p. 152. p. 53, line 11. ms=f should be msi=f for the sake of consistency. (Other grammars would s s consistently not write the nal i of weak verbs in most forms). p. 54, line 4. southwards (twice) should be northwards. p. 54, line 9. The order in Imn.w s is inconsistent with the order in s Z nsw on p. 5. s p. 54, line 9, and p. 78, line -6. The placement of the dot in n.(w) and n.(y) is inconsistent with e.g. n(.w) and n.(y) on pp. 50 and 25. We also nd occurrences without brackets altogether (p. 58, line -3, p. 60, line -13, p. 63, line 1, and p. 74 line -3). p. 55, line 9. The placement of the dot in pri.(w) is inconsistent with Zwi(.w) and wd Z(.w) on the same page. p. 55, line 16. mk should be m=k for the sake of consistency. p. 59, line -2. iry should be ir.y for the sake of consistency with p. 18 and hr.y on p. 69. p. 60, line -8. travelled south should be travelled north. p. 68, line -1. has should be did. p. 69, line -4. r c.wwy should be hr c.wwy. . p. 72, line 3. 101 should be 74. 48

 p. 73, line -3. hr.w is inconsistent with hrw on p. 159 p. 74, line 10. msdi=tn should be msdi=tn. p. 74, line -10. sm(.w) should be m(.w). s p. 74, line -7. ntt should be n.t(y)t for the sake of consistency with 148. p. 74, line -2. the statue should be this statue. p. 86, line -10. nht is inconsistent with nh.t on p. 154. p. 86, line -1. Strictly speaking, gold should be ne gold. p. 97, line -2. The single b in Gb is inconsistent with the transliteration Gbb elsewhere (p. 72 and p. 77). p. 124, line -5. The mention of p. 125 is meaningless here and should be ignored. p. 126, line -5. Given the notation in 97, it would be more appropriate to refer to m=k and ist instead of to mk and isk . p. 128, line -8. ( 73,2) does not make any sense and should be ignored. p. 153. msi.w , child, seems inconsistent with ms.w , children, on pp. 9 and 60. p. 157. hk Zib should be Hk Zib for the sake of consistency with proper nouns elsewhere .. .. that are capitalized; e.g. Ipt on p. 145. p. 167, at d Zy.w . There is no corresponding entry in the vocabulary under r Z as suggested. A note on the principles of transliteration used in the book: In the cases of d versus d and t versus t, the rule seems to be the following. When dealing with personal pronouns, the consonant is transliterated as we nd it in the hieroglyphic writing. Thus we have p Zy=tn instead of p Zy=tn (p. 16), m=tn instead of m=tn (p. 25), tw instead of tw (on pp. 25, 37 and 75), and tm=t instead of tm=t (p. 76), although this is not adhered to consistently, as in the case of wd Z.w tn (p. 35). In the case of nouns however, the hieroglyphic writing is not reected in the choice of the consonant in the transliteration, as in rwd.wy (pp. 31 and 155) and itn (p. 67).

References
[All00] [BB77] J.P. Allen. Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs. Cambridge University Press, 2000. A. Brack and A. Brack. Das Grab des Tjanuni Theben Nr. 74. Verlag Philipp von Zabern, 1977. In German.

[Bre06] J.H. Breasted. Ancient Records of Egypt Volume I. The University of Chicago Press, 1906. [Cal75] J.B. Callender. Middle Egyptian. Undena Publications, Malibu, 1975.

[Fau62] R.O. Faulkner. A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian. Grith Institute, Ashmolean Museum, Oxford, 1962.

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[Gar57] A. Gardiner. Egyptian Grammar. Grith Institute, Ashmolean Museum, Oxford, 1957. [Gra94] E. Graefe. Mittelgyptische Grammatik fr Anfnger. Harrassowitz Verlag, Wiesbaden, a u a 1994. In German. [Han95] R. Hannig. Grosses Handwrterbuch Agyptisch-Deutsch: die Sprache der Pharaonen o (2800-950 v.Chr.). Verlag Philipp von Zabern, 1995. In German. [Hel84a] W. Helck. Urkunden der 18. Dynastie Text der Hefte 1719. Akademie-Verlag, Berlin, 1984. [Hel84b] W. Helck. Urkunden der 18. Dynastie Ubersetzung zu den Heften 1722. AkademieVerlag, Berlin, 1984. In German. [Lic75] M. Lichtheim. Ancient Egyptian Literature Volume I: The Old and Middle Kingdoms. University of California Press, 1975.

[Lop95] A. Loprieno. Ancient Egyptian: a linguistic introduction. Cambridge University Press, 1995. [Ock98] B.G. Ockinga. A Concise Grammar of Middle Egyptian. Verlag Philipp von Zabern, 1998. [Par97] R.B. Parkinson. The Tale of Sinuhe and Other Ancient Egyptian Poems 1940-1640 BC. Oxford University Press, 1997. [Row36] A. Rowe. A Catalogue of Egyptian Scarabs. Le Caire, 1936. [Sim72] W.K. Simpson, editor. The Literature of Ancient Egypt: An Anthology of Stories, Instructions, and Poetry. Yale University Press, 1972. [Zon92] L.M.J. Zonhoven. Middel-Egyptische Grammatica: Een Praktische Inleiding in de Egyptische Taal en het Hiroglyphenschrift. Leiden, 1992. In Dutch. e

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