.author{grid-column:1;grid-row:3;align-content:flex-start}.Metadata_root__oCstk>.description,.Metadata_root__oCstk>.pills-list,.Metadata_root__oCstk>.stats,.Metadata_root__oCstk>.title{grid-column:1/span 2}.Metadata_root__oCstk>.title{margin-bottom:8px}.Metadata_root__oCstk>.stats{margin-bottom:12px}.Metadata_root__oCstk>.description{margin-top:12px}.Metadata_root__oCstk>.pills-list{margin-block-start:20px;margin-block-end:18px}.Metadata_root__oCstk>.actions{display:none}@media screen and (max-width:928px){.Metadata_root__oCstk{margin-block:8px 20px}.Metadata_root__oCstk>.stats{margin-bottom:16px}.Metadata_root__oCstk>.description{margin-top:0}.Metadata_root__oCstk>.author{grid-column:2;grid-row:5;margin-block-start:12px;margin-block-end:6px;justify-content:end}.Metadata_root__oCstk>.actions{display:flex;margin-top:16px;grid-column:1;grid-row:5}.Metadata_root__oCstk>.pills-list{margin-block-start:16px;margin-block-end:0}}.Metadata_root__oCstk .metadata-recs{grid-column:1/-1}.Heading_heading__3MAvZ{color:var(--blue-gray-900)}.Heading_h1__3k7S2{font-size:32px;font-weight:700}.Heading_h2__f9yvs{font-size:28px;font-weight:600}.Heading_h3__f1djd{font-size:24px}.Heading_h4__7tfLE{font-size:20px}.Heading_h5__jVM0l{font-size:16px;font-weight:400}.Heading_h6__uUTrd{font-size:14px;font-weight:400}.Title_root__svkHQ{color:var(--blue-gray-900);font-size:clamp(26px,1vw + 1rem,28px);font-weight:600;line-height:1.25;min-width:0;word-break:break-word}.Stats_root__p_BoZ{flex-wrap:wrap;display:flex;align-items:center;-moz-column-gap:6px;column-gap:6px;color:var(--blue-gray-600);white-space:nowrap;font-size:16px}.Stats_leftContent__588PR,.Stats_rightContent__8d0AF{display:flex;gap:6px}.Stats_root__p_BoZ span{font-size:16px}.Stats_root__p_BoZ .Stats_aiTag__zTzW8{margin-left:10px}@media screen and (max-width:928px){.Stats_root__p_BoZ span{line-height:1.5}.Stats_root__p_BoZ.Stats_extendedMetadata__wb62p .Stats_leftContent__588PR{width:100%}.Stats_root__p_BoZ .Stats_aiTag__zTzW8{margin:8px 0 0}.Stats_root__p_BoZ.Stats_extendedMetadata__wb62p .Stats_formatTypesBullet__xDv0L{display:none}}.Likes_root__WVQ1_{cursor:pointer;transition:color .2s ease-in-out;border-radius:4px}.Likes_root__WVQ1_:hover{color:var(--blue-gray-700)}.Tooltip_root__7FS0Y{background:var(--midnight-green-dark);border-radius:4px;box-shadow:0 .5px 5px rgba(0,0,0,.04),0 4px 11px rgba(0,0,0,.2);color:var(--white);font-weight:400;font-size:12px;line-height:15px;padding:6px 8px;opacity:0;visibility:hidden;animation:Tooltip_show__qVG5k .2s ease-in-out forwards;z-index:var(--popup-index)}.Tooltip_triggerWrapper___S2HG{flex-shrink:0;position:relative;align-items:center;justify-content:center}@keyframes Tooltip_show__qVG5k{to{opacity:1;visibility:visible}}.Tooltip_large__J4Fvl{padding:16px;display:flex;flex-direction:column;background:#fff;color:var(--black)}.AITag_tag__Xx37c{padding:0 12px;height:25px;border-radius:16px;background-color:#f0f2f9;color:#16171b;display:inline-flex;gap:8px;font-size:14px;line-height:1.5;font-weight:600}.AITag_tooltipContent__7JZR_{width:332px}.Author_root___6Bx5{--link-color:var(--blue-gray-800);position:relative;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:8px}.Author_link___lVxw{z-index:1;color:var(--link-color);font-weight:600;display:block}.Author_link___lVxw:before{content:"";position:absolute;inset:0}.Author_follow__Lw4TS{z-index:1}@media screen and (max-width:928px){.Author_link___lVxw:hover{color:var(--blue-gray-800)}}.Avatar_root__GNWHY{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;flex-shrink:0;background-color:var(--white);color:var(--blue-gray-300);border-radius:50%;font-size:16px;font-weight:600;text-align:center;-webkit-user-select:none;-moz-user-select:none;user-select:none;overflow:hidden}.Avatar_initials__EJfVt{color:var(--white);transition:background-color .2s ease-in-out}.Avatar_initials__EJfVt,.Avatar_initials__EJfVt:hover{background-color:var(--blue-gray-600)}.Avatar_image__Bbtll{width:100%;height:100%;-o-object-fit:cover;object-fit:cover}.FollowButton_root__FxpBi{display:inline-flex;background-color:transparent;border:1px solid transparent;border-radius:4px;font-size:12px;padding:1px 6px;transition:background-color .2s ease-in-out,border-color .2s ease-in-out;cursor:pointer}.FollowButton_following__xKCww{border-color:#bf5905;color:#bf5905}.FollowButton_following__xKCww:hover{background-color:#ffead7;border-color:rgba(191,89,5,.5)}.FollowButton_follow__d_6u5{border-color:var(--celadon-blue-dark);color:var(--celadon-blue-dark)}.FollowButton_follow__d_6u5:hover{background-color:#eaf7ff;border-color:rgba(2,126,176,.5)}@media screen and (max-width:928px){.FollowButton_root__FxpBi{display:none}}.Description_root__kt4uq{--line-height:26px;position:relative}.Description_root__kt4uq.Description_clamped__PaV_1{padding-bottom:25px}.Description_root__kt4uq.Description_clamped__PaV_1 .Description_wrapper__hYE9_{mask-image:linear-gradient(to bottom,var(--white),transparent);-webkit-mask-image:linear-gradient(to bottom,var(--white),transparent)}.Description_wrapper__hYE9_{min-height:var(--line-height);display:-webkit-box;overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis;-webkit-box-orient:vertical;-webkit-line-clamp:2}.Description_noClamp__1z7c5,.Description_wrapper__hYE9_.Description_expanded__lRamt{-webkit-line-clamp:unset;-webkit-mask-image:none;mask-image:none}.Description_wrapper__hYE9_.Description_expanded__lRamt{height:auto}.Description_wrapper__hYE9_ p{color:var(--blue-gray-600);font-size:18px;line-height:var(--line-height);white-space:pre-wrap;word-break:break-word}.Description_more__ChrRK{position:absolute;padding:0;bottom:0;height:26px}.Description_less__BvWbY{padding:0}.Description_hidden__a9QZJ{display:none}@media screen and (max-width:928px){.Description_more__ChrRK{right:0;background-color:#fff}.Description_root__kt4uq.Description_clamped__PaV_1{padding-bottom:0}.Description_less__BvWbY,.Description_more__ChrRK{height:var(--line-height)}}.PillsList_root__2EydN{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center;gap:8px}.Pill_root__IqOYH{--bg:color-mix(in srgb,var(--celadon-blue-dark),90% transparent);--color:var(--blue-gray-800);height:40px;display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:6px;background-color:var(--bg);border-radius:100vmax;color:var(--color);font-size:16px;font-weight:600;padding-inline:16px;transition:color .2s ease-in-out,background-color .2s ease-in-out,filter .2s ease-in-out;cursor:pointer;-webkit-user-select:none;-moz-user-select:none;user-select:none;text-decoration:none;white-space:nowrap}.Pill_root__IqOYH:not(.Pill_selected__VPtHm):hover{filter:brightness(.6)}.Pill_root__IqOYH.Pill_selected__VPtHm{--bg:var(--blue-gray-900);--color:var(--white)}@media screen and (max-width:520px){.Pill_root__IqOYH{height:28px;padding-inline:12px;gap:4px;font-size:12px}.Pill_icon__xE_Cg{--size:18px!important}}.Actions_root__00yIC{display:flex;align-items:baseline;gap:6px}.ReadingModeTooltip_root__laf5h{width:277px}.ToggleButtonGroup_root__vtGE_{display:inline-flex;gap:4px;padding:5px 8px;border-radius:4px;background-color:var(--white);border:1px solid var(--blue-gray-200)}.ToggleButton_root__jGx6U{border-radius:4px;background-color:var(--white);color:var(--blue-gray-700);border:none;width:44px;height:34px;display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;cursor:pointer}.ToggleButton_selected__51g6d{background-color:var(--blue-gray-200)}.SaveLoggedIn_icon__lk74r{color:var(--blue-gray-700)}.PopoverMenuContent_root__MsRtR{background:var(--white);box-shadow:0 .5px 5px rgba(0,0,0,.04),0 4px 11px rgba(0,0,0,.2);border-radius:4px;opacity:0;visibility:hidden;transition:opacity .2s ease-in-out,visibility .2s ease-in-out;z-index:1000;overflow-y:auto}.PopoverMenuContent_root__MsRtR.PopoverMenuContent_visible__O86I_{opacity:1;visibility:visible;transition-delay:0s}.PopoverMenuItem_item__iazpP{width:100%;display:flex;align-items:center;background-color:transparent;color:inherit;cursor:pointer;font-size:inherit;line-height:24px;padding:12px 16px;white-space:nowrap}.PopoverMenuItem_item__iazpP.PopoverMenuItem_highlight__inbqK,.PopoverMenuItem_item__iazpP:hover{background-color:var(--blue-gray-100)}.PopoverMenuSeparator_separator__UpSGw{width:calc(100% - 32px);height:1px;background-color:var(--blue-gray-300);margin:8px 16px}.SavePopover_popover__mZhIY{width:290px;max-height:220px;color:var(--blue-gray-800);font-weight:400;padding:6px 8px;font-size:12px;line-height:15px;overflow:hidden}.SavePopover_saveToNewList__MVBSu{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:6px;color:var(--midnight-green-dark);font-weight:600;font-size:18px;line-height:24px;padding:10px;width:100%}.SavePopover_addIcon__aJLJ3{color:var(--blue-gray-800)}.SavePopover_horizontalSeparator__bsI6Y{border:none;border-bottom:1px solid var(--blue-gray-300);margin:8px 0}.SavePopover_listsContainer__tGGtp{height:100%;max-height:144px;display:flex;flex-direction:column;align-items:center;overflow-y:auto}.SavePopover_saveToList__Fsfl9{color:var(--blue-gray-800);font-weight:400;font-size:16px;justify-content:space-between;line-height:24px;padding:12px 14px 12px 16px;width:100%}.SavePopover_saveToList__Fsfl9 span:not(.SavePopover_clampLines__Blxtm){display:flex;flex-direction:row;gap:35px;justify-content:space-between}.SavePopover_saveToList__Fsfl9 span.SavePopover_clampLines__Blxtm{display:inline-block;overflow:hidden;text-align:left;text-overflow:ellipsis;white-space:nowrap;width:180px}.SavePopover_listIcon__OVsXv{color:var(--blue-gray-900)}.SavePopover_noSavedLists__0Mh_H{color:var(--blue-gray-600);font-weight:400;font-size:16px;line-height:24px;padding:12px 16px;text-align:center}.SaveOptionsDrawer_drawerTrigger__Gb7nK{box-shadow:none;border:none;border-radius:4px;position:relative;z-index:7}.SaveOptionsDrawer_drawerTrigger__Gb7nK:active,.SaveOptionsDrawer_drawerTrigger__Gb7nK:active:focus,.SaveOptionsDrawer_drawerTrigger__Gb7nK:hover{border:none;box-shadow:none;background-color:transparent}.SaveOptionsDrawer_drawerTrigger__Gb7nK:focus{background:transparent}.SaveOptionsDrawerContent_drawerContent__J5JTL{margin:16px}.SaveOptionsDrawerContent_separator__UW5Rz{margin:8px 0}.SaveOptionsDrawerContent_itemsContainer__tCXw5{display:flex;flex-direction:column;margin-top:0;max-height:144px;overflow-y:auto}.SaveOptionsDrawerContent_drawerActionSecondary__7cq8j{font-weight:400;line-height:24px;padding:0 8px;margin:8px 0;width:100%}.SaveOptionsDrawerContent_drawerActionSecondary__7cq8j span{color:var(--blue-gray-800);justify-content:space-between;gap:30px}.SaveOptionsDrawerContent_drawerActionPrimary____QuR span{gap:14px}.SaveOptionsDrawerContent_drawerActionPrimary____QuR{color:var(--blue-gray-800);display:flex;font-weight:400;line-height:24px;align-items:center;justify-content:flex-start;padding:8px 4px;margin:14px 0}.SaveOptionsDrawerContent_drawerActionPrimary____QuR.SaveOptionsDrawerContent_newListButton__VzhfD{font-size:16px;font-weight:600}.SaveOptionsDrawerContent_addIcon__Wb2cq{color:var(--blue-gray-800)}.SaveOptionsDrawerContent_drawerActionSecondary__7cq8j span.SaveOptionsDrawerContent_clampLines__zfkfI{display:inline-block;overflow:hidden;text-align:left;text-overflow:ellipsis;white-space:nowrap;width:calc(100vw - 115px)}.SaveOptionsDrawerContent_listIcon__5dcfC{color:var(--blue-gray-900)}.SaveOptionsDrawerContent_noSavedLists__cpUBY{color:var(--blue-gray-600);font-weight:400;font-size:16px;line-height:24px;padding:12px 16px;text-align:center}.Separator_root__70Ime{--orientationMargin:0;background-color:var(--blue-gray-200);flex-shrink:0}.Separator_horizontal__czVEa{width:calc(100% - var(--orientationMargin) * 2);height:1px}.Separator_vertical__JYCCK{width:1px;height:calc(100% - var(--orientationMargin) * 2)}.SaveLoggedOut_icon__ny9X2{color:var(--blue-gray-700)}.Dropdown_root__Z78h8{display:inline-block;position:relative;color:inherit}.DropdownTrigger_trigger__SzsBj{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;background:transparent;border:none;font-size:inherit;padding:0;margin:0;cursor:pointer}.DropdownTrigger_trigger__SzsBj:active,.DropdownTrigger_trigger__SzsBj:focus,.DropdownTrigger_trigger__SzsBj:hover{background:transparent}.DropdownContent_content__3daFs{position:absolute;display:flex;flex-direction:column;align-items:flex-start;padding:8px 0;background-color:#fff;box-shadow:0 .5px 5px rgba(0,0,0,.039),0 3.75px 11px rgba(0,0,0,.19);border-radius:4px;color:var(--blue-gray-800);opacity:0;visibility:hidden;transition:transform .15s,opacity .15s,visibility 0s linear .15s;transform:scale(.95);z-index:var(--dropdown-index)}.DropdownContent_bottom-left__gioqM{top:calc(100% + 6px);left:0;transform-origin:top left}.DropdownContent_bottom-right__QJ94h{top:calc(100% + 6px);right:0;transform-origin:top right}.DropdownContent_top-left__O3Ryp{bottom:calc(100% + 6px);left:0;transform-origin:bottom left}.DropdownContent_top-right___Qe45{bottom:calc(100% + 6px);right:0;transform-origin:bottom right}.DropdownContent_content__3daFs.DropdownContent_open__6VoiP{visibility:visible;opacity:1;transform:none;transition-delay:0s}.DropdownItem_item__Sv0GT{width:100%;display:flex;align-items:center;background-color:transparent;color:inherit;cursor:pointer;font-size:inherit;line-height:24px;padding:12px 16px;white-space:nowrap}.DropdownItem_highlight__jO3zg,.DropdownItem_item__Sv0GT:hover{background-color:var(--blue-gray-100)}.DropdownSeparator_separator__EN82n{width:calc(100% - 32px);height:1px;background-color:var(--blue-gray-300);margin:8px 16px}.MoreDropdownButton_moreOptionsDropdown__GK_Uw{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;width:32px;height:32px}.MoreDropdownButton_item__t4HmI{gap:12px}.MoreDropdownButton_moreOptionsIcon__TpJLA{color:var(--blue-gray-700)}.MoreDropdownButton_icon__DxfY4{color:var(--blue-gray-800)}.MoreDropdownButton_tooltip__az4od{white-space:nowrap}.MetadataToolbar_root__c03ao{--shadow-opacity:0;display:grid;height:var(--metadata-toolbar-height);background-color:var(--white);z-index:var(--header-index)}.MetadataToolbar_wrapper__r7XEc{position:relative;display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) max-content 1fr;align-items:center;padding-inline-end:20px;padding-block:16px}.MetadataToolbar_underline__QQn0C{grid-column:1/-1;grid-row:2;height:1px;position:absolute;bottom:0;right:-20px;left:-30vw;background-color:var(--blue-gray-200);box-shadow:0 2px 4px 0 rgba(0 0 0/var(--shadow-opacity));animation:MetadataToolbar_reveal-shadow__5yBxP linear both;animation-timeline:scroll(block);animation-range:150px 450px}.MetadataToolbar_verticalMode__Bh759{position:sticky}.MetadataToolbar_title__jfTWv{font-size:18px;font-weight:600}.MetadataToolbar_actions__FB33C{width:-moz-max-content;width:max-content;justify-self:flex-end;display:flex;grid-column-end:-1}.MetadataToolbar_pageNumber__i6Bhj{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;margin-inline:1em;height:44px}.MetadataToolbar_isInReadingModeVariant__XMDcr{align-items:flex-start}.MetadataToolbar_isInReadingModeVariant__XMDcr .MetadataToolbar_downloadButton__ncS7o>button{padding:0 15px}@media screen and (max-width:928px){.MetadataToolbar_root__c03ao{display:none}}@media screen and (min-width:929px) and (max-width:1249px){.MetadataToolbar_isInReadingModeVariant__XMDcr .MetadataToolbar_pageNumber__i6Bhj{display:none}}@keyframes MetadataToolbar_reveal-shadow__5yBxP{to{--shadow-opacity:0.122}}.DownloadButton_root__adY00{margin-left:auto;display:inline-grid;gap:6px;justify-items:center;flex-shrink:0}.DownloadButton_savedStyling__k18od{font-weight:600;font-size:18px}.DownloadMultipleFormatDrawer_root__CWFxX{width:100%;padding:0 24px}.DownloadMultipleFormatDrawer_drawerHeading__8LnFw{margin:16px 0}.DownloadMultipleFormatDrawer_drawerContent__y815X{width:100%;padding:24px 0}.DownloadMultipleFormatDrawer_drawerRadioButtons__I_lQ4 label{margin-bottom:20px}.DownloadMultipleFormatDrawer_drawerRadioButtons__I_lQ4{margin-bottom:4px}.Fieldset_root__L2NQU{display:grid;padding:0;border:0}.Fieldset_root__L2NQU legend{display:none}.DownloadMultipleFormatPopover_popoverContent__IJudF{min-width:185px}.FadeInOut_root__v7Efq{position:relative;min-width:0;background-color:var(--snow-gray);padding:20px}.FadeInOut_root__v7Efq.FadeInOut_isInfographic__PdX2K{background-color:unset;padding-inline-start:0;padding-inline-end:20px}@media (max-width:928px){.FadeInOut_root__v7Efq,.FadeInOut_root__v7Efq.FadeInOut_isInfographic__PdX2K{background-color:unset;padding-inline:2px}}.FadeInOut_in__9dYWz{animation:FadeInOut_fadeIn__14JD0 .5s}.FadeInOut_out___eDZk{animation:FadeInOut_fadeOut__ILQaD .4s}@keyframes FadeInOut_fadeIn__14JD0{0%{opacity:0}to{opacity:1}}@keyframes FadeInOut_fadeOut__ILQaD{0%{opacity:1}to{opacity:0}}.VerticalSlideOverlayed_root__9Thd4{position:relative}.VerticalSlideOverlayed_root__9Thd4 .vertical-slide-image{position:absolute;inset:0}.VerticalSlideOverlayed_active___p5f2 .vertical-slide-image{opacity:.4}.VerticalSlideOverlayed_active___p5f2{background-color:#000}.VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p{--ease:cubic-bezier(0.2,0,0,1);width:100%;height:100%;-o-object-fit:contain;object-fit:contain;box-shadow:0 0 0 1px var(--blue-gray-200);border-radius:8px;transition:opacity .3s var(--ease);opacity:0;overflow:clip}.VerticalSlideImage_loading__3pG2z{background-color:var(--blue-gray-600);animation-name:VerticalSlideImage_pulse__OPBSn;animation-direction:alternate;animation-duration:1s;animation-iteration-count:infinite;animation-timing-function:ease-in-out}.VerticalSlideImage_loaded__Q7FLb{opacity:1}@keyframes VerticalSlideImage_pulse__OPBSn{0%{opacity:.09}to{opacity:.15}}.SlideScrollDetector_root__AIK38{position:relative;height:100%;width:100%;pointer-events:none}.SlideScrollDetector_detector__rhkyk{position:absolute;top:0;left:0;height:1px;width:100%}.SlideScrollDetector_detector1__NmF8s{top:25%}.SlideScrollDetector_detector2__32XWr{top:75%}.SlideActions_root__fB9Q4{position:absolute;right:0;top:0;display:grid;grid-template-columns:40px;grid-template-rows:40px 40px;grid-column-gap:12px;-moz-column-gap:12px;column-gap:12px;grid-row-gap:12px;row-gap:12px;padding:12px;justify-content:flex-end;align-items:center;text-align:end}.SlideActions_active__aD_e1{grid-template-columns:max-content 40px}.SlideActions_button__o8UXk{background-color:var(--blue-gray-100);color:var(--blue-gray-700)}.VerticalSlide_infographic__ij1FA,.VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r{position:relative}.VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r .vertical-slide-image{position:absolute;inset:0}.VerticalSlide_infographic__ij1FA .vertical-slide-image{position:unset}.VerticalPlayer_root__K8_YS{position:relative;display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr);grid-gap:24px;gap:24px}@media screen and (max-width:928px){.VerticalPlayer_root__K8_YS{gap:8px}}.FreestarVideoAd_root__KDWgl{min-width:0;flex-shrink:0;aspect-ratio:16/9}.VerticalInterstitialAdWrapper_root__LxQh8{container-type:inline-size;position:relative;display:grid;min-height:280px;overflow-x:clip}.VerticalInterstitialAdWrapper_root__LxQh8:has(.interstitial-ad-container.has-fetched):not(:has(.interstitial-ad-container.has-fetched .freestar-ad-container:not(.unfilled))){display:none}.VerticalInterstitialAdWrapper_root__LxQh8:has(div.interstitial-ad-container.has-fetched div.freestar-ad-container.filled div),.VerticalInterstitialAdWrapper_root__LxQh8:has(div.interstitial-ad-container.has-fetched div.freestar-ad-container.unfilled iframe){display:block!important}.VerticalInterstitial_root__Dunl7{display:none}@media (max-width:520px){.VerticalInterstitial_root__Dunl7:not(.VerticalInterstitial_inVariant__xB9lL){display:block}}@container (max-width: 520px){.VerticalInterstitial_root__Dunl7.VerticalInterstitial_inVariant__xB9lL{display:block}}.FreestarAdContainer_root__qPPC_{position:relative;display:grid;place-content:center}.FreestarAdContainer_root__qPPC_.FreestarAdContainer_withFallback__A4lgm{aspect-ratio:var(--fallback-aspect-ratio)}.FreestarAdContainer_fallback__WreT9{position:absolute;inset:0;grid-template-columns:unset;place-content:center}.AdFallback_root__uAXsl{display:grid;justify-items:center;grid-template-columns:1fr;z-index:0}.MultipleIncontentSmall_root__x58Hs{display:none;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit,minmax(max-content,300px));place-content:center;gap:16px}@media (min-width:521px){.MultipleIncontentSmall_root__x58Hs:not(.MultipleIncontentSmall_inVariant__uf1S8){display:grid}}@container (max-width: 616px){.MultipleIncontentSmall_root__x58Hs:not(.MultipleIncontentSmall_inVariant__uf1S8) .freestar-ad-container:nth-of-type(2){display:none}}@container (min-width: 616px) and (max-width: 688px){.MultipleIncontentSmall_root__x58Hs.MultipleIncontentSmall_inVariant__uf1S8{display:grid}}.MultipleIncontentWide_root__4WD8U{display:none;place-content:center}@container (min-width: 520px) and (max-width: 616px){.MultipleIncontentWide_root__4WD8U{display:grid}}.MultipleIncontentLarge_root__pGIAn{display:none;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit,minmax(max-content,336px));place-content:center;gap:16px}@container (min-width: 688px){.MultipleIncontentLarge_root__pGIAn{display:grid}}.SlideRecs_root__likA5{--card-hover-background:var(--blue-gray-200);display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:20px}.SlideRecs_root__likA5 h2{font-size:24px;font-weight:600}@media (max-width:1050px){.SlideRecs_root__likA5{display:none}}.SlideRecs_root__likA5 .SlideRecs_cards__Lbxtt{display:grid;grid-gap:16px;gap:16px}.SlideRecs_root__likA5 .SlideRecs_card__txc2D{position:relative;grid-template-columns:180px 1fr;grid-template-rows:auto;gap:16px}.SlideRecs_root__likA5 .slideshow-thumbnail{box-shadow:0 0 0 1px var(--blue-gray-200)}.SlideRecs_root__likA5 .slideshow-card-content{padding-block:0;padding-inline-end:36px;gap:8px}.SlideRecs_root__likA5 .slideshow-title{line-height:1;margin-block-end:0}.SlideRecs_root__likA5 .SlideRecs_wrapper__21j_w{display:flex;gap:8px;align-items:center}.SlideRecs_root__likA5 .SlideRecs_wrapper__21j_w a,.SlideRecs_root__likA5 .SlideRecs_wrapper__21j_w span{font-size:12px}.SlideRecs_root__likA5 .SlideRecs_save__RR8dD{position:absolute;top:8px;right:8px}.SlideRecs_root__likA5 .SlideRecs_author__zlhWO{color:var(--blue-gray-700);font-weight:600;text-decoration:none;z-index:2}.SlideRecs_root__likA5 .SlideRecs_author__zlhWO:first-letter{text-transform:uppercase}.SlideRecs_root__likA5 .SlideRecs_card__txc2D .slideshow-title{font-size:16px}.SlideRecs_root__likA5 .SlideRecs_description__0bGsx{color:var(--blue-gray-700);font-size:14px;display:-webkit-box;overflow:hidden;line-clamp:1;-webkit-line-clamp:1;-webkit-box-orient:vertical}.SlideRecs_root__likA5 .SlideRecs_dot__Db7HR{font-size:16px}.SlideRecs_root__likA5 .SlideRecs_tags__RCA1q{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center;gap:8px}.SlideRecs_root__likA5 .SlideRecs_tags__RCA1q span{display:grid;place-content:center;height:20px;background-color:var(--alice-blue-600);border-radius:100vmax;color:var(--blue-gray-700);font-size:11px;font-weight:600;padding-inline:12px;-webkit-user-select:none;-moz-user-select:none;user-select:none;white-space:nowrap;text-transform:capitalize;z-index:2}.RecWithPopover_root__iNXfW{width:330px;display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:8px}.RecWithPopover_root__iNXfW>*{line-height:18px}.RecWithPopover_root__iNXfW h3{font-size:16px;font-weight:600}.RecWithPopover_root__iNXfW p{flex:1 1;color:var(--blue-gray-600);font-size:14px;max-width:100%;display:-webkit-box;line-clamp:5;-webkit-line-clamp:5;-webkit-box-orient:vertical;overflow-y:hidden}.RecWithPopover_hasSiblingsWithPopover__dlaxN{border-radius:4px;padding:12px}.RecWithPopover_hasPopover__G8_rr:hover:not(:has(:is(.save:hover,.author:hover))){background-color:var(--card-hover-background)}.SlideshowCard_root__pD8t4{position:relative;display:grid;grid-template-rows:max-content minmax(0,1fr);grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr);align-content:flex-start;color:var(--blue-gray-600)}.SlideshowCard_root__pD8t4:hover .SlideshowCard_thumb__86aJk{scale:1.02}.SlideshowCard_content__xh7kV{display:flex;flex-direction:column;-moz-column-gap:8px;column-gap:8px;padding:16px 0}.SlideshowCardLink_root__p8KI7{position:absolute;inset:0;z-index:1;margin:4px}.Thumbnail_root__qLW0K{--ease:cubic-bezier(0.2,0,0,1);position:relative;background-color:var(--blue-gray-100);border:1px solid var(--blue-gray-100);border-radius:8px;-webkit-backdrop-filter:blur(8px);backdrop-filter:blur(8px);scale:1;transition:scale .2s var(--ease);overflow:hidden}.Thumbnail_thumb__UXO3a{--reveal-delay:calc(30ms * var(--index));position:absolute;inset:0;width:100%;height:100%;opacity:0;transition:opacity .3s var(--ease);transition-delay:var(--reveal-delay)}.Thumbnail_loaded__XOJ5p{opacity:1}.Thumbnail_blur__opK6A{filter:blur(8px)}.Thumbnail_cover__1zsIi{-o-object-fit:cover;object-fit:cover}.Thumbnail_contain__K6M0d{-o-object-fit:contain;object-fit:contain}.SlideshowTitle_root__2VccW{display:-webkit-box;color:var(--blue-gray-900);font-size:18px;font-weight:600;line-height:1.2;margin-bottom:8px;white-space:break-spaces;word-break:break-word;-webkit-box-orient:vertical}.RecSaveButton_root__0CS9m{grid-area:d}.RecSaveButton_icon__btwCp{fill:currentColor;z-index:2}@media (max-width:928px){.RecSaveButton_root__0CS9m{display:none}}.SlideshowAuthor_root__IkT1_{color:var(--celadon-blue);font-weight:600;text-decoration:underline;-webkit-text-decoration-color:transparent;text-decoration-color:transparent;text-decoration-thickness:1.5px;text-underline-offset:2px;transition:-webkit-text-decoration-color .2s ease-out;transition:text-decoration-color .2s ease-out;transition:text-decoration-color .2s ease-out,-webkit-text-decoration-color .2s ease-out;z-index:2}.SlideshowAuthor_root__IkT1_:hover{-webkit-text-decoration-color:var(--celadon-blue);text-decoration-color:var(--celadon-blue)}.CountTag_root__y1hE1,.SplitDot_root__lTZDc{color:var(--blue-gray-600);font-weight:400}.SlideshowStats_root__EQOR1{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:6px}.SlideshowStats_text___WD7l{color:var(--blue-gray-600)}.BelowReaderAd_root__NKeGg{margin-top:16px;margin-bottom:60px}.BelowReaderAd_root__NKeGg.BelowReaderAd_desktop__7_JN7{display:block;justify-items:flex-start}.BelowReaderAd_root__NKeGg.BelowReaderAd_mobile__08T3d{display:none}.BelowReaderAd_root__NKeGg .fallback-ad{justify-self:flex-start}@media screen and (max-width:928px){.BelowReaderAd_root__NKeGg.BelowReaderAd_desktop__7_JN7{display:none}.BelowReaderAd_root__NKeGg.BelowReaderAd_mobile__08T3d{display:block;justify-items:center}}.Sidebar_root__1BbNu{width:var(--sidebar-size);max-height:100dvh;overflow:clip scroll;position:sticky;top:var(--metadata-toolbar-offset,0);display:flex;flex-direction:column;padding-inline-start:28px;padding-block-start:32px;padding-block-end:430px}.Sidebar_root__1BbNu.Sidebar_withSidebarAds__0w0dT{max-height:unset;overflow:unset;position:static;top:unset;display:grid;grid-template-rows:repeat(var(--slots),1fr);padding-inline:28px}@media (max-width:1050px){.Sidebar_root__1BbNu,.Sidebar_root__1BbNu.Sidebar_withSidebarAds__0w0dT{display:none}}.AboveRecsAd_root__iTmTR{min-height:280px;margin-block-end:32px}.AboveRecsAd_root__iTmTR .freestar-ad-container{place-content:flex-start}@media (max-width:1050px){.AboveRecsAd_root__iTmTR .freestar-ad-container{place-content:center}}.AboveRecsAd_mobileAd__LYgqf{display:none}.AboveRecsAd_desktopAd__ymykj{display:block}@media (max-width:1050px){.AboveRecsAd_mobileAd__LYgqf{display:block}.AboveRecsAd_desktopAd__ymykj{display:none}}.RailRecommendations_root__zqtZQ{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:8px;padding-block-end:24px}.RailRecommendations_title__kt1D2{font-size:24px;color:var(--blue-gray-900);font-weight:600;margin-block-end:20px}@media only screen and (min-width:929px){.RailRecommendations_hidden__7Ct2B{display:none}}.RailCard_root__rZUGY{--card-hover-background:var(--blue-gray-100);width:100%;position:relative;border-radius:8px;padding-block:12px;padding-inline:8px}.RailCard_root__rZUGY.slideshow-card{grid-template-columns:160px minmax(0,1fr);grid-template-rows:auto;gap:12px}.RailCard_root__rZUGY .slideshow-card-content{padding:0}.RailCard_actionContainer__eXUHT{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) 28px;grid-column-gap:8px;-moz-column-gap:8px;column-gap:8px}.RailCard_root__rZUGY .RailCard_actionContainer__eXUHT .slideshow-author,.RailCard_root__rZUGY .RailCard_actionContainer__eXUHT .slideshow-stats,.RailCard_root__rZUGY .RailCard_actionContainer__eXUHT .slideshow-title{grid-area:unset}.RailCard_root__rZUGY .RailCard_actionContainer__eXUHT .slideshow-author,.RailCard_root__rZUGY .RailCard_actionContainer__eXUHT .slideshow-stats{grid-column:1/-1}.RailCard_root__rZUGY .RailCard_actionContainer__eXUHT .slideshow-author{grid-row:2}.RailCard_root__rZUGY .RailCard_actionContainer__eXUHT .slideshow-stats{grid-row:3}.RailCard_link__d3BBm{z-index:1}.RailCard_info__Oqm6G{min-width:0;display:flex;flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;word-break:break-word}.RailCard_root__rZUGY .RailCard_title__Tvfiv{font-size:16px;margin-bottom:0;grid-area:a;word-break:break-word}.RailCard_root__rZUGY .RailCard_stats__ZvZms{margin-top:12px}.RailCard_stats__ZvZms .text{font-size:12px}.RailCard_root__rZUGY .RailCard_author__JYeYZ{color:var(--blue-gray-700);margin-top:8px;text-decoration:none}@media screen and (min-width:929px){.RailCard_root__rZUGY:hover{background-color:var(--blue-gray-100)}}.RelatedContent_root__29Np1{background-color:var(--blue-gray-100);border-top:1px solid var(--blue-gray-200);border-bottom:1px solid var(--blue-gray-200);padding-block:32px;position:relative}.RelatedContent_wrapper__riU7l{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr);grid-gap:32px;gap:32px;max-width:var(--max-content-width);margin-inline:auto}.RelatedContent_title__QUhpL{text-align:center;font-size:32px;font-weight:700}.RelatedContent_root__29Np1 .bottom-recs{display:grid}.RelatedContent_root__29Np1 .rail-recs{display:none}@media screen and (max-width:520px){.RelatedContent_root__29Np1 .bottom-recs{display:none}.RelatedContent_root__29Np1 .rail-recs{display:flex}.RelatedContent_wrapper__riU7l{padding-inline:16px}}.BottomRecommendation_root__7aU9w{display:grid;grid-gap:4px;gap:4px;padding-inline:24px}.BottomRecommendation_title__SRj68{font-size:22px;font-weight:600}.BottomRecommendation_count__4HpLo{color:var(--blue-gray-600);font-size:16px;font-weight:400}.Slider_root__c0Jo8{position:relative;display:grid}.Slider_scroller__KHjw4{display:flex;gap:20px;overflow:auto;scroll-snap-type:x mandatory;overscroll-behavior-x:contain;max-inline-size:100%;min-block-size:100%;touch-action:pan-x;-ms-overflow-style:none;scrollbar-width:none}.Slider_scroller__KHjw4::-webkit-scrollbar{display:none}.Slider_scroller__KHjw4>*{flex-grow:1;flex-shrink:0;scroll-snap-align:start}.Slider_scroller__KHjw4>:last-child{scroll-snap-align:end}.Slider_arrow__8LCca{display:grid;place-content:center;width:36px;height:36px;position:absolute;top:50%;background:var(--white);border:1px solid var(--blue-gray-200);border-radius:100vmax;box-shadow:0 2px 4px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.25);color:var(--blue-gray-800);padding:0;opacity:1;visibility:visible;pointer-events:all;transition:opacity .2s ease-in-out,visibility .2s ease-in-out;transition-delay:0s;cursor:pointer;z-index:1}.Slider_prev__YMssa{left:0;translate:-50% -50%}.Slider_next__fa9IO{right:0;translate:50% -50%}.Slider_hidden__rs7nK{opacity:0;visibility:hidden;pointer-events:none}.BottomRecommendationCard_root__gffTk{inline-size:clamp(220px,12.63rem + 3.45vw,260px);position:relative;border-radius:8px;background-color:#fff;border:1px solid var(--blue-gray-200)}.BottomRecommendationCard_root__gffTk .slideshow-thumbnail{border-radius:0;border-top-left-radius:8px;border-top-right-radius:8px}.BottomRecommendationCard_root__gffTk .slideshow-card-content{padding:16px}.BottomRecommendationCard_root__gffTk .slideshow-author{max-width:50%;word-break:break-all;white-space:break-spaces;-webkit-line-clamp:1;display:-webkit-box;-webkit-box-orient:vertical}.BottomRecommendationCard_root__gffTk .slideshow-stats{margin-block-start:auto}.BottomRecommendationCard_root__gffTk:focus,.BottomRecommendationCard_root__gffTk:focus-visible{outline:none;border-color:var(--celadon-blue);border-width:1px}.BottomRecommendationCard_root__gffTk .BottomRecommendationCard_text__5jKNE{display:-webkit-box;-webkit-box-orient:vertical;white-space:break-spaces;word-break:break-word;-webkit-line-clamp:1}.BottomRecommendationCard_link__pHORq:before{content:"";position:absolute;inset:0;z-index:1}.BottomRecommendationCard_metaLine__shwPk{display:flex;gap:8px;align-items:center;white-space:nowrap;grid-area:c}.ScribdRecommendation_root__t3ezS{display:grid;grid-gap:16px;gap:16px;padding:0 24px}.ScribdRecommendation_header__Jw_M1{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr max-content}.ScribdRecommendation_title__JZ5p7{font-size:22px;font-weight:600}.ScribdRecommendation_link__4DVQz{align-self:end;grid-column:2;grid-row:1/span 2;color:var(--celadon-blue-dark)}.ScribdRecommendation_link__4DVQz:hover{color:var(--celadon-blue)}.ScribdRecommendationCard_root__ef2Y_{--ease:cubic-bezier(0.2,0,0,1);--rec-bg-1:#f1e3e3;--rec-bg-2:#f6f4e3;--rec-bg-3:#e1eaec;--rec-bg-4:#efebef;--rec-bg-5:#f1f0f0;--rec-bg-6:#f4eadb;--rec-bg-7:#eaeee7;--rec-bg-8:#e3e8ef;--rec-bg-9:#f1eee6;max-width:172px;position:relative;height:100%;display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr);grid-template-rows:max-content minmax(0,1fr);align-content:flex-start;background-color:var(--white);border:1px solid var(--blue-gray-200);box-shadow:none;transition:box-shadow .2s ease-in-out;text-decoration:none}.ScribdRecommendationCard_root__ef2Y_:hover{box-shadow:0 2px 10px rgba(0,0,0,.1)}.ScribdRecommendationCard_thumb__5VVNh{position:relative;display:flex;background-color:var(--blue-gray-200);margin-block-start:24px;margin-inline:20px}.ScribdRecommendationCard_root__ef2Y_:before{position:absolute;inset:0;aspect-ratio:19/16;content:"";background-color:var(--block-color)}.ScribdRecommendationCard_thumb__5VVNh img{--reveal-delay:calc(30ms * var(--card-index));aspect-ratio:inherit;box-shadow:0 4px 6px rgba(0,0,0,.2);-o-object-fit:cover;object-fit:cover;opacity:0;visibility:hidden;transition:opacity .3s var(--ease);transition-delay:var(--reveal-delay)}.ScribdRecommendationCard_loaded__FTN_f img{opacity:1;visibility:visible}.ScribdRecommendationCard_content__ObcvL{display:flex;flex-direction:column;padding-block:20px;padding-inline:16px}.ScribdRecommendationCard_content__ObcvL .rating{padding-block-start:8px;margin-block-start:auto}@media (max-width:928px){.ScribdRecommendationCard_content__ObcvL .rating{flex-direction:column;align-items:flex-start}}.Rating_root__fgZQJ{display:flex;align-items:center;-moz-column-gap:6px;column-gap:6px;white-space:nowrap}.Rating_root__fgZQJ :first-child{color:#e47b01;font-size:16px;line-height:1}.Rating_root__fgZQJ :last-child{color:var(--blue-gray-600);font-size:14px;letter-spacing:-.25px}.Transcript_root__Vrf6Q{width:100%;max-width:var(--max-content-width);display:grid;grid-gap:8px;gap:8px;padding:32px 16px;margin-inline:auto;position:relative;background:#fff}.Transcript_title__YgAka{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:4px;font-weight:300;word-break:break-word}.Transcript_list__faItj{list-style-type:none;padding-inline-start:0;word-break:break-word}.Transcript_link__MLbGS{color:var(--celadon-blue);font-weight:700;line-height:22px;text-decoration:none;cursor:pointer}.EditorsNotes_root__3PcDF{padding:32px 16px;margin:0 auto}.EditorsNotes_heading__XR9E6{font-weight:700;font-size:22px}.EditorsNotes_list__NcG5Y{padding-left:30px;font-size:18px;font-style:italic;color:var(--blue-gray-600)}.EditorsNotes_item__ebBbj{word-break:break-word}@media screen and (min-width:1696px){.EditorsNotes_root__3PcDF{max-width:1688px}}.FixedDownloadButton_root__14xtQ{display:none}@media screen and (max-width:928px){.FixedDownloadButton_root__14xtQ{position:sticky;bottom:0;display:flex;justify-content:right;z-index:3;padding:16px}}.Modal_root__TYkzh[open]{opacity:1;animation:Modal_slide-in__GHXut .3s ease-out}.Modal_root__TYkzh{--max-height:calc(100dvb - var(--header-height));--slide-from:calc(-50% + 8px);--slide-to:-50%;--title-size:80px;max-width:100%;max-height:var(--max-height);top:50%;left:50%;translate:-50% -50%;box-shadow:0 0 0 1px rgba(9,30,66,.08),0 2px 1px rgba(9,30,66,.08),0 0 20px -6px rgba(9,30,66,.3);border:0;border-radius:var(--border-radius);padding:0;opacity:0;animation:Modal_slide-out__m_Ov2 .2s ease-in;transition:display allow-discrete .3s,overlay allow-discrete .3s;overflow:clip}@starting-style{.Modal_root__TYkzh[open]{opacity:0}}.Modal_root__TYkzh.Modal_small__hupRE{width:400px}.Modal_root__TYkzh.Modal_medium__j8NOV{width:600px}.Modal_root__TYkzh.Modal_large__ygVmr{width:800px}.Modal_root__TYkzh.Modal_xlarge__HeXWk{width:960px}.Modal_wrapper__4UTGq{position:relative;display:flex;flex-direction:column}.Modal_wrapper__4UTGq>h1+*{flex:1 1;max-height:calc(var(--max-height) - var(--title-size));overflow:clip auto}@media screen and (max-width:520px){.Modal_root__TYkzh,.Modal_root__TYkzh.Modal_large__ygVmr,.Modal_root__TYkzh.Modal_medium__j8NOV,.Modal_root__TYkzh.Modal_small__hupRE,.Modal_root__TYkzh.Modal_xlarge__HeXWk{width:100vw}}@media screen and (max-width:928px){.Modal_root__TYkzh.Modal_bottomPlacement__BUbfp{--slide-from:8px;--slide-to:0;width:100vw;top:unset;bottom:0;translate:-50% 0;border-bottom-left-radius:0;border-bottom-right-radius:0}}@keyframes Modal_slide-in__GHXut{0%{translate:-50% var(--slide-from);opacity:0}to{translate:-50% var(--slide-to);opacity:1}}@keyframes Modal_slide-out__m_Ov2{0%{translate:-50% var(--slide-to);opacity:1}to{translate:-50% var(--slide-from);opacity:0}}.Modal_root__TYkzh::backdrop{background-color:transparent;transition:display allow-discrete .3s,overlay allow-discrete .3s,background-color .3s}.Modal_root__TYkzh[open]::backdrop{background-color:rgba(0,0,0,.6)}@starting-style{.Modal_root__TYkzh[open]::backdrop{background-color:transparent}}.Modal_title__xhSfl{height:var(--title-size);display:flex;align-items:center;color:var(--blue-gray-900);font-size:20px;font-weight:600;border-bottom:1px solid var(--blue-gray-200);padding-inline-start:20px;padding-inline-end:60px}.Modal_title__xhSfl:first-letter{text-transform:capitalize}.Modal_content__R1F4d{padding-inline:20px;padding-block:24px}.Modal_actions__t63hZ{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:flex-end;gap:24px;padding-inline:20px;padding-block:16px}.CloseButton_root__JCTRm{position:absolute;right:16px;top:16px;width:40px;height:40px;display:grid;place-content:center;color:var(--blue-gray-600);border-radius:100vmax;background-color:transparent;border:0;padding:0;margin:0;transition:background-color .2s ease-in-out;cursor:pointer}.CloseButton_root__JCTRm:hover{background-color:rgba(var(--blue-gray-600-rgb),.05)}.ReportForm_root__RNqAc{display:grid;grid-gap:10px;gap:10px}.ReportForm_selectField__Kyyaj{max-width:unset!important}.LikeModal_more__R9uAk{justify-self:center;color:var(--celadon-blue);font-weight:500;opacity:0;visibility:hidden;transition:opacity .2s ease-in-out,visibility .2s ease-in-out}.LikeModal_more__R9uAk.LikeModal_visible__t1vr4{opacity:1;visibility:visible;transition-delay:0s}.LikesUserList_root__RMFUk{list-style:none;padding:0 0 16px;margin:0}.LikesUserList_root__RMFUk>li{display:grid}.LikesUserList_root__RMFUk>li:last-child .LikesUserList_link__NeMA0{border-bottom:none}.LikesUserList_link__NeMA0{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(2,max-content) 1fr;grid-template-rows:repeat(2,min-content);grid-template-areas:"avatar username summary" "avatar title title";grid-column-gap:12px;-moz-column-gap:12px;column-gap:12px;grid-row-gap:0;row-gap:0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--blue-gray-200);padding:8px 0;text-decoration:none}.LikesUserList_avatar__VRXz2{grid-area:avatar}.LikesUserList_username__c84om{grid-area:username}.LikesUserList_summary___gbSG{grid-area:summary}.LikesUserList_title__UF0V6{grid-area:title}.ViewModal_content__GPKXy{padding-block:0}.ViewModal_row__xLxnz{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;border-bottom:1px dashed var(--blue-gray-300);color:var(--blue-gray-800);padding:16px 0}.ViewModal_row__xLxnz:last-child{border-bottom:none}.ConfirmRemoveSavedModal_description__2EAEu{color:var(--blue-gray-800);font-weight:400;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;padding:24px 0}div.SaveToNewListModal_input__Fi90k{max-width:unset;margin-bottom:24px}.SaveToNewListModal_checkboxWrapper__y_w0m .SaveToNewListModal_checkboxLabel__lMiU9:hover,.SaveToNewListModal_checkboxWrapper__y_w0m:hover .SaveToNewListModal_checkboxLabel__lMiU9,.SaveToNewListModal_checkboxWrapper__y_w0m:hover .SaveToNewListModal_input__Fi90k{color:var(--blue-gray-800)}.SaveToNewListModal_checkboxWrapper__y_w0m .SaveToNewListModal_checkboxLabel__lMiU9{color:var(--blue-gray-800);font-weight:400;font-size:14px;flex-direction:column;display:flex;line-height:18px}.SaveToNewListModal_imageContainer__Dx4nD{display:flex;flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;align-items:center;width:178px;margin:0 auto 24px}.SaveToNewListModal_imageContainer__Dx4nD img{height:100px}.SaveToNewListModal_errorContainer__FBZPH{margin:16px 0}
Svoboda | Graniru | BBC Russia | Golosameriki | Facebook
SlideShare a Scribd company logo
INSPIRINGSOCIALMEDIA
CASESTUDIES40
YEAR-ON-YEAR-GROWTH
HOW THE DIGITAL WORLD HAS EVOLVED OVER THE PAST 12 MONTHS
TOTAL
POPULATION
ACTIVE
INTERNET USERS
ACTIVE
MEDIA USERS
UNIQUE MOBILE
USERS
ACTIVE MOBILE
SOCIAL USERS
7.357
BILLION
3.175
BILLION
2.206
BILLION
3.734
BILLION
1.925
BILLION
GLOBAL DIGITAL STATISTICS
TOTAL
POPULATION
ACTIVE
INTERNET USERS
ACTIVE
MEDIA USERS
UNIQUE MOBILE
USERS
ACTIVE MOBILE
SOCIAL USERS
2.5%
+177 MILLION
7.6%
+225 MILLION
8.7%
+176 MILLION
3.4%
+124 MILLION
23.3%
+365 MILLION
SOCIAL NETWORK
MESSENGER / CHAT APP / VOIP
BASED ON ACCOUNTS THAT LOGGED IN AT LEAST ONCE IN THE MOST RECENT
30-DAY REPORTING PERIOD, IN MILLIONS
ACTIVE USERS BY SOCIAL PLATFORM
40 Inspiring Social Media Case Studies
70%
50%
45%
26%
25%
21%
20%
12%
PEOPLE WHO ARE ON SOCIAL MEDIA
3.8 million
2.7 million
2.4 million
1.38 million
1.35 million
1.2 million
1.1 million
1.7 million
HOW HAS SOCIAL MEDIA
IMPACTED SINGAPOREANS?
A nation rallies together
A nation rallies together on social media
#LeeKuanYew
#NoYewNoUs #RememberingLKY
#ThankYouLKY
Local Brands use sombre logos on social media to
show respect to the late Mr Lee Kuan Yew
Global Brands soon follow suit to pay tribute
LOCAL POLITICS – General elections, 11 sept 2015
Singapore general election reveals growing
importance of social media
Social media soaked up the activities
around the election 24/7
Breaking down the age-old divide between sovereignty
and the community
DIGITAL
MOST BRANDS ARE STUCK IN THE BEATLES ERA
ITS TIME TO EVOLVE TO THE
KIM KARDASHIAN ERA
70%OF MARKETERS PLAN TO INCREASE
THEIR BUDGETS IN SOCIAL MEDIA
MARKETING IN 2016
The Internet has
democratized
information flow
Consumers have the
power & choice to
communicate,
discuss, share,
transact through
various
social & location-
aware tools
Brands &
companies need
to innovate
& offer new,
relevant ways to
live, work & play
KEY TAKEAWAYS
KEY TAKEAWAYS
1.Mostly anyone who is online is social
2.90% of those on social media use mobile phones to access the platforms
3.At 31%,the 25 –34 year age group is the fastest growing internet user
segment
4.Singapore is a highly social,mobile-driven nation of digital citizens
5.Social Media is‘the’choice platform for news,information,peer reviews,
evaluation and much more!
SOCIAL MEDIA MARKETING FOR
A W A R E N E S S
Brand awareness is the extent to
which a brand is recognized by
potential customers, and is correctly
associated with a particular product
credits: wikipedia
Measuring brand awareness –
Traditional media
GROSS RATING POINTS (GRP) = REACH X FREQUENCY
Reach : Number of people who see an ad/ commercial
Frequency : Number of times a person sees an ad/commercial
Brand Awareness for Facebook can be tracked by Number of Fans and Reach of the page/posts
Measuring brand awareness –
Facebook
Measuring brand awareness–
Facebook
LEGO’s ‘Fill The Gap’ campaign proved that design &
architecture need not be left to the professionals only
Uber shows us how to successfully capitalize on a global
movie blockbuster #GameOfThrones #RideOfThrones
Red Bull – 44 million fans. Increased it’s brand awareness over
the years with many high powered partnerships
McDonalds – 59 million fans. The largest restaurant chain with
34,480 outlets and a global footprint in 119 countries.
Starbucks– 323,342 fans in Singapore plays up its dynamic,
fun appeal to target it’s younger demographics by teaming up
with young influential bloggers
Local Brands
Skin Inc. – A local beauty retailer started its roots here 8 years
ago and is now a global brand in more than 20 cities!
Love Bonito – Starting out as a 2nd-hand home business of a
student is now a global brand thanks to social media!
In summary, for effective brand awareness,
1. DEVELOP YOUR UNIQUE BRAND VOICE
2. HAVE A STRATEGY
3. THINK OUT OF THE BOX. STAND OUT
4. BE CONSISTENT.
SOCIAL MEDIA MARKETING FOR
E N G A G E M E N T
Brand Engagement is the process
of forming an emotional or
rational attachment between a
person and a brand.
credits: wikipedia
Measuring engagement-
Traditional media
Brands can tell if consumers have been engaged when they :-
• Actively participate in a direct call-to-action e.g. call in, submit
a form, fill up a review, enter a lucky draw.
• Call in and inquire about the product or service.
• Make a purchase.
Measuring engagement-
Facebook
Enhance your brand recall & engagement
through partnership with popular digital games!
Air Asia ran a Facebook contest to increase awareness of
its new Sydney-KL route and to introduce its new fleet of
Airbus A330s
Ford Motors loaned their ‘New’ Fiesta models to members
of the public in exchange for providing honest feedback
about the cars.
TACO BELL and OLD SPICE have an online friendly banter.
Guess who won?
Local brands
Ben & Jerry’s‘Free Cone Day’is a perfect example that fans love it when
you appreciate them.Plus who doesn’t love a free cone of ice cream!
Real time marketing– Salvation army acts quickly on
trending news on the web to broadcast a clever message
for their brand
Real time marketing
A 123-year-old company has allowed its
customers to personalize its brand!
NUS School of Computing ran a ‘Hacking Challenge’ which
saw it’s students engage 30% more with the page as they
tried to pit their skills to unlock cool prizes.
The Coffee Bean & Tea Leaf engaged with their fans
with fresh new creative ways such as using emojis
and even their mascot - The Ice Blended Man.
In summary, for effective brand engagement
GET CREATIVE
PLAY WITH YOUR CUSTOMERS
TRY SOMETHING NEW
KEEP UP WITH NEW TRENDS
SELLING VIA
SOCIAL MEDIA
Selling is the process of offering
to exchange an item of value for
a different item.
credits: wikipedia
Starbucks is rolling out ‘Coffee Delivery’ via its mobile
app very soon and we couldn’t be more pleased.
Facebook’s new analytics product will help retailers &
brands analyze the real sales impact of their ads.
Amazon has changed the personalization game
at scale through digital!
The interface of Glimpse’s eCommerce
store dynamically
changes based on the “social media” profile of the visitor
Personalization can happen both online & offline
through merchandise
Domino Pizza’s ‘Tweet to Order’ Campaign on saw a 30%
increase in sales in just 1 week!Cowabunga we say!
Brewerkz – Everyone loves freebies. But Brewerkz
understands that is no price tag for building brand loyalty
Local Brands
In summary, for effective Selling
MAKE IT PERSONAL
INVOLVE YOUR FANS IN YOUR PROMOTIONS
DON’T SELL. MAKE THEM WANT TO ‘BUY’
ALWAYS MAINTAIN QUALITY
CUSTOMER SERVICE VIA
SOCIAL MEDIA
Customer Service is the provision of
service before, during and after a
purchase.
credits: wikipedia
Measuring Customer Service:
Traditional Media
Brands are rated on their customer service through :-
• Feedback and reviews
• Return customers
• Word of mouth expressions of their satisfaction on your product or
service
Measuring Customer Service –
Facebook
Every brand will make a mistake. The
trick is knowing how to recover from
your mistake.
credits: wikipedia
Domino’s Pizza, when accused of mishandling pizzas, took strict
action to apologize to customers & launched a campaign
on social media apologizing.
Dell opened up a social media command centre and
trained over 25,000 employees in ‘social listening’
Best Buy has 4 dedicated channels to attend to
specific queries. Now that’s dedication!
Sogurt’s impressive communication with it’s customers
is something all brands should endeavour towards
BreadTalk remedied its mistake by acting on it quickly
the very next day! Serving up cakes and buns to tired
bystanders in the queue.
Customer finds the words ‘Pink Fat Lady’ on her Pizza
Hut receipt and causes an online buzz.
KOI fires employee when a customer posts his negative
experience on social media which goes viral
In a Survey conducted by American Express on
Social Customer Service, data revealed:
People are likely to tell 27 people about their bad service experiences compared to
just 12 people if they encountered good service.
When faced poor service, more than 60% of customers would give a company 2
chances before they took their business elsewhere
Two in five people vent their frustration about a negative customer experiences on
social media.
Around 7 in 10 consumers avoid businesses with poor service
Around 4 in 5 people in Singapore are wiling to spend an average of 14% more on
service excellence
In summary, for effective customer service
Listen. Care. Connect.
Respond quickly
Treat your customers as your brand stewards
If content was king, customer is checkmate!
Author: Rachael Shana Jacob | @RachelShana
Get in touch with our social media consultants!
hello@happymarketer.com | @hmmarketer

More Related Content

40 Inspiring Social Media Case Studies

  • 2. YEAR-ON-YEAR-GROWTH HOW THE DIGITAL WORLD HAS EVOLVED OVER THE PAST 12 MONTHS TOTAL POPULATION ACTIVE INTERNET USERS ACTIVE MEDIA USERS UNIQUE MOBILE USERS ACTIVE MOBILE SOCIAL USERS 7.357 BILLION 3.175 BILLION 2.206 BILLION 3.734 BILLION 1.925 BILLION
  • 3. GLOBAL DIGITAL STATISTICS TOTAL POPULATION ACTIVE INTERNET USERS ACTIVE MEDIA USERS UNIQUE MOBILE USERS ACTIVE MOBILE SOCIAL USERS 2.5% +177 MILLION 7.6% +225 MILLION 8.7% +176 MILLION 3.4% +124 MILLION 23.3% +365 MILLION
  • 4. SOCIAL NETWORK MESSENGER / CHAT APP / VOIP BASED ON ACCOUNTS THAT LOGGED IN AT LEAST ONCE IN THE MOST RECENT 30-DAY REPORTING PERIOD, IN MILLIONS ACTIVE USERS BY SOCIAL PLATFORM
  • 6. 70% 50% 45% 26% 25% 21% 20% 12% PEOPLE WHO ARE ON SOCIAL MEDIA 3.8 million 2.7 million 2.4 million 1.38 million 1.35 million 1.2 million 1.1 million 1.7 million
  • 7. HOW HAS SOCIAL MEDIA IMPACTED SINGAPOREANS?
  • 8. A nation rallies together
  • 9. A nation rallies together on social media #LeeKuanYew #NoYewNoUs #RememberingLKY #ThankYouLKY
  • 10. Local Brands use sombre logos on social media to show respect to the late Mr Lee Kuan Yew
  • 11. Global Brands soon follow suit to pay tribute
  • 12. LOCAL POLITICS – General elections, 11 sept 2015 Singapore general election reveals growing importance of social media
  • 13. Social media soaked up the activities around the election 24/7
  • 14. Breaking down the age-old divide between sovereignty and the community
  • 16. MOST BRANDS ARE STUCK IN THE BEATLES ERA
  • 17. ITS TIME TO EVOLVE TO THE KIM KARDASHIAN ERA
  • 18. 70%OF MARKETERS PLAN TO INCREASE THEIR BUDGETS IN SOCIAL MEDIA MARKETING IN 2016
  • 19. The Internet has democratized information flow Consumers have the power & choice to communicate, discuss, share, transact through various social & location- aware tools Brands & companies need to innovate & offer new, relevant ways to live, work & play KEY TAKEAWAYS
  • 20. KEY TAKEAWAYS 1.Mostly anyone who is online is social 2.90% of those on social media use mobile phones to access the platforms 3.At 31%,the 25 –34 year age group is the fastest growing internet user segment 4.Singapore is a highly social,mobile-driven nation of digital citizens 5.Social Media is‘the’choice platform for news,information,peer reviews, evaluation and much more!
  • 21. SOCIAL MEDIA MARKETING FOR A W A R E N E S S
  • 22. Brand awareness is the extent to which a brand is recognized by potential customers, and is correctly associated with a particular product credits: wikipedia
  • 23. Measuring brand awareness – Traditional media GROSS RATING POINTS (GRP) = REACH X FREQUENCY Reach : Number of people who see an ad/ commercial Frequency : Number of times a person sees an ad/commercial
  • 24. Brand Awareness for Facebook can be tracked by Number of Fans and Reach of the page/posts Measuring brand awareness – Facebook
  • 26. LEGO’s ‘Fill The Gap’ campaign proved that design & architecture need not be left to the professionals only
  • 27. Uber shows us how to successfully capitalize on a global movie blockbuster #GameOfThrones #RideOfThrones
  • 28. Red Bull – 44 million fans. Increased it’s brand awareness over the years with many high powered partnerships
  • 29. McDonalds – 59 million fans. The largest restaurant chain with 34,480 outlets and a global footprint in 119 countries.
  • 30. Starbucks– 323,342 fans in Singapore plays up its dynamic, fun appeal to target it’s younger demographics by teaming up with young influential bloggers Local Brands
  • 31. Skin Inc. – A local beauty retailer started its roots here 8 years ago and is now a global brand in more than 20 cities!
  • 32. Love Bonito – Starting out as a 2nd-hand home business of a student is now a global brand thanks to social media!
  • 33. In summary, for effective brand awareness, 1. DEVELOP YOUR UNIQUE BRAND VOICE 2. HAVE A STRATEGY 3. THINK OUT OF THE BOX. STAND OUT 4. BE CONSISTENT.
  • 34. SOCIAL MEDIA MARKETING FOR E N G A G E M E N T
  • 35. Brand Engagement is the process of forming an emotional or rational attachment between a person and a brand. credits: wikipedia
  • 36. Measuring engagement- Traditional media Brands can tell if consumers have been engaged when they :- • Actively participate in a direct call-to-action e.g. call in, submit a form, fill up a review, enter a lucky draw. • Call in and inquire about the product or service. • Make a purchase.
  • 38. Enhance your brand recall & engagement through partnership with popular digital games!
  • 39. Air Asia ran a Facebook contest to increase awareness of its new Sydney-KL route and to introduce its new fleet of Airbus A330s
  • 40. Ford Motors loaned their ‘New’ Fiesta models to members of the public in exchange for providing honest feedback about the cars.
  • 41. TACO BELL and OLD SPICE have an online friendly banter. Guess who won?
  • 42. Local brands Ben & Jerry’s‘Free Cone Day’is a perfect example that fans love it when you appreciate them.Plus who doesn’t love a free cone of ice cream!
  • 43. Real time marketing– Salvation army acts quickly on trending news on the web to broadcast a clever message for their brand
  • 45. A 123-year-old company has allowed its customers to personalize its brand!
  • 46. NUS School of Computing ran a ‘Hacking Challenge’ which saw it’s students engage 30% more with the page as they tried to pit their skills to unlock cool prizes.
  • 47. The Coffee Bean & Tea Leaf engaged with their fans with fresh new creative ways such as using emojis and even their mascot - The Ice Blended Man.
  • 48. In summary, for effective brand engagement GET CREATIVE PLAY WITH YOUR CUSTOMERS TRY SOMETHING NEW KEEP UP WITH NEW TRENDS
  • 50. Selling is the process of offering to exchange an item of value for a different item. credits: wikipedia
  • 51. Starbucks is rolling out ‘Coffee Delivery’ via its mobile app very soon and we couldn’t be more pleased.
  • 52. Facebook’s new analytics product will help retailers & brands analyze the real sales impact of their ads.
  • 53. Amazon has changed the personalization game at scale through digital!
  • 54. The interface of Glimpse’s eCommerce
store dynamically changes based on the “social media” profile of the visitor
  • 55. Personalization can happen both online & offline through merchandise
  • 56. Domino Pizza’s ‘Tweet to Order’ Campaign on saw a 30% increase in sales in just 1 week!Cowabunga we say!
  • 57. Brewerkz – Everyone loves freebies. But Brewerkz understands that is no price tag for building brand loyalty Local Brands
  • 58. In summary, for effective Selling MAKE IT PERSONAL INVOLVE YOUR FANS IN YOUR PROMOTIONS DON’T SELL. MAKE THEM WANT TO ‘BUY’ ALWAYS MAINTAIN QUALITY
  • 60. Customer Service is the provision of service before, during and after a purchase. credits: wikipedia
  • 61. Measuring Customer Service: Traditional Media Brands are rated on their customer service through :- • Feedback and reviews • Return customers • Word of mouth expressions of their satisfaction on your product or service
  • 63. Every brand will make a mistake. The trick is knowing how to recover from your mistake. credits: wikipedia
  • 64. Domino’s Pizza, when accused of mishandling pizzas, took strict action to apologize to customers & launched a campaign on social media apologizing.
  • 65. Dell opened up a social media command centre and trained over 25,000 employees in ‘social listening’
  • 66. Best Buy has 4 dedicated channels to attend to specific queries. Now that’s dedication!
  • 67. Sogurt’s impressive communication with it’s customers is something all brands should endeavour towards
  • 68. BreadTalk remedied its mistake by acting on it quickly the very next day! Serving up cakes and buns to tired bystanders in the queue.
  • 69. Customer finds the words ‘Pink Fat Lady’ on her Pizza Hut receipt and causes an online buzz.
  • 70. KOI fires employee when a customer posts his negative experience on social media which goes viral
  • 71. In a Survey conducted by American Express on Social Customer Service, data revealed: People are likely to tell 27 people about their bad service experiences compared to just 12 people if they encountered good service. When faced poor service, more than 60% of customers would give a company 2 chances before they took their business elsewhere Two in five people vent their frustration about a negative customer experiences on social media. Around 7 in 10 consumers avoid businesses with poor service Around 4 in 5 people in Singapore are wiling to spend an average of 14% more on service excellence
  • 72. In summary, for effective customer service Listen. Care. Connect. Respond quickly Treat your customers as your brand stewards If content was king, customer is checkmate!
  • 73. Author: Rachael Shana Jacob | @RachelShana Get in touch with our social media consultants! [email protected] | @hmmarketer