Svoboda | Graniru | BBC Russia | Golosameriki | Facebook
SlideShare a Scribd company logo

Auto analyser

•Download as PPTX, PDF•
•
M
Micky782523

This ppt describes the auto analyser which is used in biochemistry department in hospitals for analysing the composition of various constituents in the blood and other body fluids.

1 of 11
AUTO ANALYSER By, A. Michael nickson BIOMEDICAL INSTRUMENTTION
 An Auto analyzer is used for clinical analysis (e.g. to measure blood chemistry) and display that on a graphic recorder.  It was invented in 1957 by Leonard Skeggs and commercialized by Jack Whitehead’s Technicon Corporation  It works on the principle of Continuous flow analysis (CFA) which comprises of both segmented flow analysis (SFA) and flow injection analysis (FIA) AUTO ANALYSER:
 The basic principle of the SFA is the introduction of air bubbles.  In SFA a continuous stream of material is divided by air bubbles into discrete segments and reagents are combined and transported in tubing and mixing coils.  The tubing passes the samples from one apparatus to the other with each apparatus performing different functions, such as distillation, dialysis, extraction, ion exchange, heating, incubation, and subsequent recording of a signal. An essential principle of SFA is the introduction of air bubbles.  The act as a barrier between packets to prevent cross contamination as they travel down the length of the glass tubing. Segmented Flow Analysis (SFA):
Flow Injection Analysis (FIA):  SFA uses air segmentation to separate a flowing stream into numerous discrete segments to establish a long train of individual samples moving through a flow channel while FIA systems separate each sample from subsequent sample with a carrier reagent.  In all FIA techniques sample and reagents are merged to form a concentration gradient that yields analysis results.
COMPONENTS :  Sampler  Proportioning pump  Dialyzer  Heating bath  Colorimeter  Graphic recorder
SAMPLER:  This module holds the batch of samples awaiting analysis in separate cups on a circular tray which is rotated at intervals.  A probe connected by plastic tubing to the proportionating pump enters each sample serially.  The volume of sample aspirated is determined by the pumping rate and the adjustable dwell time of the probe in the sample.
PROPOTIONING PUMP:  This module determines the relative flow rates of sample and all reagents and replaces the use of different sizes of pipettes in manual methods.  The pumping technique involves the peristaltic action produced by a series of rollers passing along an array of parallel plastic “Pump tubes”.  Each roller compresses all tubes so that the rate flow in each tube is proportional to the square of the pump tube diameter.
DIALYSER:  This module achieves the separation of small and large molecules by allowing the former to pass through a semipermeable membrane from the donor (sample) stream of liquid and air bubbles to a recipient , stream of liquid again segmented by air bubbles.  The dialysis rate depends on the temperature but complete passage of small molecules into the recipient stream is rarely achieved and may be only a few percent of the total.
HEATING BATH:  It is to maintain the reaction mixture at a constant temperature for a defined time to bring about the required chemical change under controlled conditions.  The incubator bath consists of a glass delay coil mounted in a thermostatically controlled oil bath. This is sealed and stirred constantly.  Most baths are set at 37°C or 95°C but some have adjustable thermo- regulators which allow operation up to 120°C or even higher.
COLORIMETER:  The colorimeter is to measure the intensity of colour produced in the reaction and to provide a graphical display of change in colour with time.  The use of double beam spectrophotometer is costly and is rarely justified by analytical requirements. The single beam colorimeters have insufficient stability to operate reliably over the long period required.  The Auto-analyser MKI colorimeter combines double beam operation with interference filters to select the wavelength.
RECORDER:  Previously a chart recorder and more recently a data logger or personal computer records the detector output as a function of time so that each sample output appears as a peak whose height depends on the analyte level in the sample.

More Related Content

Auto analyser

  • 1. AUTO ANALYSER By, A. Michael nickson BIOMEDICAL INSTRUMENTTION
  • 2.  An Auto analyzer is used for clinical analysis (e.g. to measure blood chemistry) and display that on a graphic recorder.  It was invented in 1957 by Leonard Skeggs and commercialized by Jack Whitehead’s Technicon Corporation  It works on the principle of Continuous flow analysis (CFA) which comprises of both segmented flow analysis (SFA) and flow injection analysis (FIA) AUTO ANALYSER:
  • 3.  The basic principle of the SFA is the introduction of air bubbles.  In SFA a continuous stream of material is divided by air bubbles into discrete segments and reagents are combined and transported in tubing and mixing coils.  The tubing passes the samples from one apparatus to the other with each apparatus performing different functions, such as distillation, dialysis, extraction, ion exchange, heating, incubation, and subsequent recording of a signal. An essential principle of SFA is the introduction of air bubbles.  The act as a barrier between packets to prevent cross contamination as they travel down the length of the glass tubing. Segmented Flow Analysis (SFA):
  • 4. Flow Injection Analysis (FIA):  SFA uses air segmentation to separate a flowing stream into numerous discrete segments to establish a long train of individual samples moving through a flow channel while FIA systems separate each sample from subsequent sample with a carrier reagent.  In all FIA techniques sample and reagents are merged to form a concentration gradient that yields analysis results.
  • 5. COMPONENTS :  Sampler  Proportioning pump  Dialyzer  Heating bath  Colorimeter  Graphic recorder
  • 6. SAMPLER:  This module holds the batch of samples awaiting analysis in separate cups on a circular tray which is rotated at intervals.  A probe connected by plastic tubing to the proportionating pump enters each sample serially.  The volume of sample aspirated is determined by the pumping rate and the adjustable dwell time of the probe in the sample.
  • 7. PROPOTIONING PUMP:  This module determines the relative flow rates of sample and all reagents and replaces the use of different sizes of pipettes in manual methods.  The pumping technique involves the peristaltic action produced by a series of rollers passing along an array of parallel plastic “Pump tubes”.  Each roller compresses all tubes so that the rate flow in each tube is proportional to the square of the pump tube diameter.
  • 8. DIALYSER:  This module achieves the separation of small and large molecules by allowing the former to pass through a semipermeable membrane from the donor (sample) stream of liquid and air bubbles to a recipient , stream of liquid again segmented by air bubbles.  The dialysis rate depends on the temperature but complete passage of small molecules into the recipient stream is rarely achieved and may be only a few percent of the total.
  • 9. HEATING BATH:  It is to maintain the reaction mixture at a constant temperature for a defined time to bring about the required chemical change under controlled conditions.  The incubator bath consists of a glass delay coil mounted in a thermostatically controlled oil bath. This is sealed and stirred constantly.  Most baths are set at 37°C or 95°C but some have adjustable thermo- regulators which allow operation up to 120°C or even higher.
  • 10. COLORIMETER:  The colorimeter is to measure the intensity of colour produced in the reaction and to provide a graphical display of change in colour with time.  The use of double beam spectrophotometer is costly and is rarely justified by analytical requirements. The single beam colorimeters have insufficient stability to operate reliably over the long period required.  The Auto-analyser MKI colorimeter combines double beam operation with interference filters to select the wavelength.
  • 11. RECORDER:  Previously a chart recorder and more recently a data logger or personal computer records the detector output as a function of time so that each sample output appears as a peak whose height depends on the analyte level in the sample.