.author{grid-column:1;grid-row:3;align-content:flex-start}.Metadata_root__oCstk>.description,.Metadata_root__oCstk>.pills-list,.Metadata_root__oCstk>.stats,.Metadata_root__oCstk>.title{grid-column:1/span 2}.Metadata_root__oCstk>.title{margin-bottom:8px}.Metadata_root__oCstk>.stats{margin-bottom:12px}.Metadata_root__oCstk>.description{margin-top:12px}.Metadata_root__oCstk>.pills-list{margin-block-start:20px;margin-block-end:18px}.Metadata_root__oCstk>.actions{display:none}@media screen and (max-width:928px){.Metadata_root__oCstk{margin-block:8px 20px}.Metadata_root__oCstk>.stats{margin-bottom:16px}.Metadata_root__oCstk>.description{margin-top:0}.Metadata_root__oCstk>.author{grid-column:2;grid-row:5;margin-block-start:12px;margin-block-end:6px;justify-content:end}.Metadata_root__oCstk>.actions{display:flex;margin-top:16px;grid-column:1;grid-row:5}.Metadata_root__oCstk>.pills-list{margin-block-start:16px;margin-block-end:0}}.Metadata_root__oCstk .metadata-recs{grid-column:1/-1}.Heading_heading__3MAvZ{color:var(--blue-gray-900)}.Heading_h1__3k7S2{font-size:32px;font-weight:700}.Heading_h2__f9yvs{font-size:28px;font-weight:600}.Heading_h3__f1djd{font-size:24px}.Heading_h4__7tfLE{font-size:20px}.Heading_h5__jVM0l{font-size:16px;font-weight:400}.Heading_h6__uUTrd{font-size:14px;font-weight:400}.Title_root__svkHQ{color:var(--blue-gray-900);font-size:clamp(26px,1vw + 1rem,28px);font-weight:600;line-height:1.25;min-width:0;word-break:break-word}.Stats_root__p_BoZ{flex-wrap:wrap;display:flex;align-items:center;-moz-column-gap:6px;column-gap:6px;color:var(--blue-gray-600);white-space:nowrap;font-size:16px}.Stats_leftContent__588PR,.Stats_rightContent__8d0AF{display:flex;gap:6px}.Stats_root__p_BoZ span{font-size:16px}.Stats_root__p_BoZ .Stats_aiTag__zTzW8{margin-left:10px}@media screen and (max-width:928px){.Stats_root__p_BoZ span{line-height:1.5}.Stats_root__p_BoZ.Stats_extendedMetadata__wb62p .Stats_leftContent__588PR{width:100%}.Stats_root__p_BoZ .Stats_aiTag__zTzW8{margin:8px 0 0}.Stats_root__p_BoZ.Stats_extendedMetadata__wb62p .Stats_formatTypesBullet__xDv0L{display:none}}.Likes_root__WVQ1_{cursor:pointer;transition:color .2s ease-in-out;border-radius:4px}.Likes_root__WVQ1_:hover{color:var(--blue-gray-700)}.Tooltip_root__7FS0Y{background:var(--midnight-green-dark);border-radius:4px;box-shadow:0 .5px 5px rgba(0,0,0,.04),0 4px 11px rgba(0,0,0,.2);color:var(--white);font-weight:400;font-size:12px;line-height:15px;padding:6px 8px;opacity:0;visibility:hidden;animation:Tooltip_show__qVG5k .2s ease-in-out forwards;z-index:var(--popup-index)}.Tooltip_triggerWrapper___S2HG{flex-shrink:0;position:relative;align-items:center;justify-content:center}@keyframes Tooltip_show__qVG5k{to{opacity:1;visibility:visible}}.Tooltip_large__J4Fvl{padding:16px;display:flex;flex-direction:column;background:#fff;color:var(--black)}.AITag_tag__Xx37c{padding:0 12px;height:25px;border-radius:16px;background-color:#f0f2f9;color:#16171b;display:inline-flex;gap:8px;font-size:14px;line-height:1.5;font-weight:600}.AITag_tooltipContent__7JZR_{width:332px}.Author_root___6Bx5{--link-color:var(--blue-gray-800);position:relative;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:8px}.Author_link___lVxw{z-index:1;color:var(--link-color);font-weight:600;display:block}.Author_link___lVxw:before{content:"";position:absolute;inset:0}.Author_follow__Lw4TS{z-index:1}@media screen and (max-width:928px){.Author_link___lVxw:hover{color:var(--blue-gray-800)}}.Avatar_root__GNWHY{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;flex-shrink:0;background-color:var(--white);color:var(--blue-gray-300);border-radius:50%;font-size:16px;font-weight:600;text-align:center;-webkit-user-select:none;-moz-user-select:none;user-select:none;overflow:hidden}.Avatar_initials__EJfVt{color:var(--white);transition:background-color .2s ease-in-out}.Avatar_initials__EJfVt,.Avatar_initials__EJfVt:hover{background-color:var(--blue-gray-600)}.Avatar_image__Bbtll{width:100%;height:100%;-o-object-fit:cover;object-fit:cover}.FollowButton_root__FxpBi{display:inline-flex;background-color:transparent;border:1px solid transparent;border-radius:4px;font-size:12px;padding:1px 6px;transition:background-color .2s ease-in-out,border-color .2s ease-in-out;cursor:pointer}.FollowButton_following__xKCww{border-color:#bf5905;color:#bf5905}.FollowButton_following__xKCww:hover{background-color:#ffead7;border-color:rgba(191,89,5,.5)}.FollowButton_follow__d_6u5{border-color:var(--celadon-blue-dark);color:var(--celadon-blue-dark)}.FollowButton_follow__d_6u5:hover{background-color:#eaf7ff;border-color:rgba(2,126,176,.5)}@media screen and (max-width:928px){.FollowButton_root__FxpBi{display:none}}.Description_root__kt4uq{--line-height:26px;position:relative}.Description_root__kt4uq.Description_clamped__PaV_1{padding-bottom:25px}.Description_root__kt4uq.Description_clamped__PaV_1 .Description_wrapper__hYE9_{mask-image:linear-gradient(to bottom,var(--white),transparent);-webkit-mask-image:linear-gradient(to bottom,var(--white),transparent)}.Description_wrapper__hYE9_{min-height:var(--line-height);display:-webkit-box;overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis;-webkit-box-orient:vertical;-webkit-line-clamp:2}.Description_noClamp__1z7c5,.Description_wrapper__hYE9_.Description_expanded__lRamt{-webkit-line-clamp:unset;-webkit-mask-image:none;mask-image:none}.Description_wrapper__hYE9_.Description_expanded__lRamt{height:auto}.Description_wrapper__hYE9_ p{color:var(--blue-gray-600);font-size:18px;line-height:var(--line-height);white-space:pre-wrap;word-break:break-word}.Description_more__ChrRK{position:absolute;padding:0;bottom:0;height:26px}.Description_less__BvWbY{padding:0}.Description_hidden__a9QZJ{display:none}@media screen and (max-width:928px){.Description_more__ChrRK{right:0;background-color:#fff}.Description_root__kt4uq.Description_clamped__PaV_1{padding-bottom:0}.Description_less__BvWbY,.Description_more__ChrRK{height:var(--line-height)}}.PillsList_root__2EydN{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center;gap:8px}.Pill_root__IqOYH{--bg:color-mix(in srgb,var(--celadon-blue-dark),90% transparent);--color:var(--blue-gray-800);height:40px;display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:6px;background-color:var(--bg);border-radius:100vmax;color:var(--color);font-size:16px;font-weight:600;padding-inline:16px;transition:color .2s ease-in-out,background-color .2s ease-in-out,filter .2s ease-in-out;cursor:pointer;-webkit-user-select:none;-moz-user-select:none;user-select:none;text-decoration:none;white-space:nowrap}.Pill_root__IqOYH:not(.Pill_selected__VPtHm):hover{filter:brightness(.6)}.Pill_root__IqOYH.Pill_selected__VPtHm{--bg:var(--blue-gray-900);--color:var(--white)}@media screen and (max-width:520px){.Pill_root__IqOYH{height:28px;padding-inline:12px;gap:4px;font-size:12px}.Pill_icon__xE_Cg{--size:18px!important}}.Actions_root__00yIC{display:flex;align-items:baseline;gap:6px}.ReadingModeTooltip_root__laf5h{width:277px}.ToggleButtonGroup_root__vtGE_{display:inline-flex;gap:4px;padding:5px 8px;border-radius:4px;background-color:var(--white);border:1px solid var(--blue-gray-200)}.ToggleButton_root__jGx6U{border-radius:4px;background-color:var(--white);color:var(--blue-gray-700);border:none;width:44px;height:34px;display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;cursor:pointer}.ToggleButton_selected__51g6d{background-color:var(--blue-gray-200)}.SaveLoggedIn_icon__lk74r{color:var(--blue-gray-700)}.PopoverMenuContent_root__MsRtR{background:var(--white);box-shadow:0 .5px 5px rgba(0,0,0,.04),0 4px 11px rgba(0,0,0,.2);border-radius:4px;opacity:0;visibility:hidden;transition:opacity .2s ease-in-out,visibility .2s ease-in-out;z-index:1000;overflow-y:auto}.PopoverMenuContent_root__MsRtR.PopoverMenuContent_visible__O86I_{opacity:1;visibility:visible;transition-delay:0s}.PopoverMenuItem_item__iazpP{width:100%;display:flex;align-items:center;background-color:transparent;color:inherit;cursor:pointer;font-size:inherit;line-height:24px;padding:12px 16px;white-space:nowrap}.PopoverMenuItem_item__iazpP.PopoverMenuItem_highlight__inbqK,.PopoverMenuItem_item__iazpP:hover{background-color:var(--blue-gray-100)}.PopoverMenuSeparator_separator__UpSGw{width:calc(100% - 32px);height:1px;background-color:var(--blue-gray-300);margin:8px 16px}.SavePopover_popover__mZhIY{width:290px;max-height:220px;color:var(--blue-gray-800);font-weight:400;padding:6px 8px;font-size:12px;line-height:15px;overflow:hidden}.SavePopover_saveToNewList__MVBSu{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:6px;color:var(--midnight-green-dark);font-weight:600;font-size:18px;line-height:24px;padding:10px;width:100%}.SavePopover_addIcon__aJLJ3{color:var(--blue-gray-800)}.SavePopover_horizontalSeparator__bsI6Y{border:none;border-bottom:1px solid var(--blue-gray-300);margin:8px 0}.SavePopover_listsContainer__tGGtp{height:100%;max-height:144px;display:flex;flex-direction:column;align-items:center;overflow-y:auto}.SavePopover_saveToList__Fsfl9{color:var(--blue-gray-800);font-weight:400;font-size:16px;justify-content:space-between;line-height:24px;padding:12px 14px 12px 16px;width:100%}.SavePopover_saveToList__Fsfl9 span:not(.SavePopover_clampLines__Blxtm){display:flex;flex-direction:row;gap:35px;justify-content:space-between}.SavePopover_saveToList__Fsfl9 span.SavePopover_clampLines__Blxtm{display:inline-block;overflow:hidden;text-align:left;text-overflow:ellipsis;white-space:nowrap;width:180px}.SavePopover_listIcon__OVsXv{color:var(--blue-gray-900)}.SavePopover_noSavedLists__0Mh_H{color:var(--blue-gray-600);font-weight:400;font-size:16px;line-height:24px;padding:12px 16px;text-align:center}.SaveOptionsDrawer_drawerTrigger__Gb7nK{box-shadow:none;border:none;border-radius:4px;position:relative;z-index:7}.SaveOptionsDrawer_drawerTrigger__Gb7nK:active,.SaveOptionsDrawer_drawerTrigger__Gb7nK:active:focus,.SaveOptionsDrawer_drawerTrigger__Gb7nK:hover{border:none;box-shadow:none;background-color:transparent}.SaveOptionsDrawer_drawerTrigger__Gb7nK:focus{background:transparent}.SaveOptionsDrawerContent_drawerContent__J5JTL{margin:16px}.SaveOptionsDrawerContent_separator__UW5Rz{margin:8px 0}.SaveOptionsDrawerContent_itemsContainer__tCXw5{display:flex;flex-direction:column;margin-top:0;max-height:144px;overflow-y:auto}.SaveOptionsDrawerContent_drawerActionSecondary__7cq8j{font-weight:400;line-height:24px;padding:0 8px;margin:8px 0;width:100%}.SaveOptionsDrawerContent_drawerActionSecondary__7cq8j span{color:var(--blue-gray-800);justify-content:space-between;gap:30px}.SaveOptionsDrawerContent_drawerActionPrimary____QuR span{gap:14px}.SaveOptionsDrawerContent_drawerActionPrimary____QuR{color:var(--blue-gray-800);display:flex;font-weight:400;line-height:24px;align-items:center;justify-content:flex-start;padding:8px 4px;margin:14px 0}.SaveOptionsDrawerContent_drawerActionPrimary____QuR.SaveOptionsDrawerContent_newListButton__VzhfD{font-size:16px;font-weight:600}.SaveOptionsDrawerContent_addIcon__Wb2cq{color:var(--blue-gray-800)}.SaveOptionsDrawerContent_drawerActionSecondary__7cq8j span.SaveOptionsDrawerContent_clampLines__zfkfI{display:inline-block;overflow:hidden;text-align:left;text-overflow:ellipsis;white-space:nowrap;width:calc(100vw - 115px)}.SaveOptionsDrawerContent_listIcon__5dcfC{color:var(--blue-gray-900)}.SaveOptionsDrawerContent_noSavedLists__cpUBY{color:var(--blue-gray-600);font-weight:400;font-size:16px;line-height:24px;padding:12px 16px;text-align:center}.Separator_root__70Ime{--orientationMargin:0;background-color:var(--blue-gray-200);flex-shrink:0}.Separator_horizontal__czVEa{width:calc(100% - var(--orientationMargin) * 2);height:1px}.Separator_vertical__JYCCK{width:1px;height:calc(100% - var(--orientationMargin) * 2)}.SaveLoggedOut_icon__ny9X2{color:var(--blue-gray-700)}.Dropdown_root__Z78h8{display:inline-block;position:relative;color:inherit}.DropdownTrigger_trigger__SzsBj{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;background:transparent;border:none;font-size:inherit;padding:0;margin:0;cursor:pointer}.DropdownTrigger_trigger__SzsBj:active,.DropdownTrigger_trigger__SzsBj:focus,.DropdownTrigger_trigger__SzsBj:hover{background:transparent}.DropdownContent_content__3daFs{position:absolute;display:flex;flex-direction:column;align-items:flex-start;padding:8px 0;background-color:#fff;box-shadow:0 .5px 5px rgba(0,0,0,.039),0 3.75px 11px rgba(0,0,0,.19);border-radius:4px;color:var(--blue-gray-800);opacity:0;visibility:hidden;transition:transform .15s,opacity .15s,visibility 0s linear .15s;transform:scale(.95);z-index:var(--dropdown-index)}.DropdownContent_bottom-left__gioqM{top:calc(100% + 6px);left:0;transform-origin:top left}.DropdownContent_bottom-right__QJ94h{top:calc(100% + 6px);right:0;transform-origin:top right}.DropdownContent_top-left__O3Ryp{bottom:calc(100% + 6px);left:0;transform-origin:bottom left}.DropdownContent_top-right___Qe45{bottom:calc(100% + 6px);right:0;transform-origin:bottom right}.DropdownContent_content__3daFs.DropdownContent_open__6VoiP{visibility:visible;opacity:1;transform:none;transition-delay:0s}.DropdownItem_item__Sv0GT{width:100%;display:flex;align-items:center;background-color:transparent;color:inherit;cursor:pointer;font-size:inherit;line-height:24px;padding:12px 16px;white-space:nowrap}.DropdownItem_highlight__jO3zg,.DropdownItem_item__Sv0GT:hover{background-color:var(--blue-gray-100)}.DropdownSeparator_separator__EN82n{width:calc(100% - 32px);height:1px;background-color:var(--blue-gray-300);margin:8px 16px}.MoreDropdownButton_moreOptionsDropdown__GK_Uw{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;width:32px;height:32px}.MoreDropdownButton_item__t4HmI{gap:12px}.MoreDropdownButton_moreOptionsIcon__TpJLA{color:var(--blue-gray-700)}.MoreDropdownButton_icon__DxfY4{color:var(--blue-gray-800)}.MoreDropdownButton_tooltip__az4od{white-space:nowrap}.MetadataToolbar_root__c03ao{--shadow-opacity:0;display:grid;height:var(--metadata-toolbar-height);background-color:var(--white);z-index:var(--header-index)}.MetadataToolbar_wrapper__r7XEc{position:relative;display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) max-content 1fr;align-items:center;padding-inline-end:20px;padding-block:16px}.MetadataToolbar_underline__QQn0C{grid-column:1/-1;grid-row:2;height:1px;position:absolute;bottom:0;right:-20px;left:-30vw;background-color:var(--blue-gray-200);box-shadow:0 2px 4px 0 rgba(0 0 0/var(--shadow-opacity));animation:MetadataToolbar_reveal-shadow__5yBxP linear both;animation-timeline:scroll(block);animation-range:150px 450px}.MetadataToolbar_verticalMode__Bh759{position:sticky}.MetadataToolbar_title__jfTWv{font-size:18px;font-weight:600}.MetadataToolbar_actions__FB33C{width:-moz-max-content;width:max-content;justify-self:flex-end;display:flex;grid-column-end:-1}.MetadataToolbar_pageNumber__i6Bhj{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;margin-inline:1em;height:44px}.MetadataToolbar_isInReadingModeVariant__XMDcr{align-items:flex-start}.MetadataToolbar_isInReadingModeVariant__XMDcr .MetadataToolbar_downloadButton__ncS7o>button{padding:0 15px}@media screen and (max-width:928px){.MetadataToolbar_root__c03ao{display:none}}@media screen and (min-width:929px) and (max-width:1249px){.MetadataToolbar_isInReadingModeVariant__XMDcr .MetadataToolbar_pageNumber__i6Bhj{display:none}}@keyframes MetadataToolbar_reveal-shadow__5yBxP{to{--shadow-opacity:0.122}}.DownloadButton_root__adY00{margin-left:auto;display:inline-grid;gap:6px;justify-items:center;flex-shrink:0}.DownloadButton_savedStyling__k18od{font-weight:600;font-size:18px}.DownloadMultipleFormatDrawer_root__CWFxX{width:100%;padding:0 24px}.DownloadMultipleFormatDrawer_drawerHeading__8LnFw{margin:16px 0}.DownloadMultipleFormatDrawer_drawerContent__y815X{width:100%;padding:24px 0}.DownloadMultipleFormatDrawer_drawerRadioButtons__I_lQ4 label{margin-bottom:20px}.DownloadMultipleFormatDrawer_drawerRadioButtons__I_lQ4{margin-bottom:4px}.Fieldset_root__L2NQU{display:grid;padding:0;border:0}.Fieldset_root__L2NQU legend{display:none}.DownloadMultipleFormatPopover_popoverContent__IJudF{min-width:185px}.FadeInOut_root__v7Efq{position:relative;min-width:0;background-color:var(--snow-gray);padding:20px}.FadeInOut_root__v7Efq.FadeInOut_isInfographic__PdX2K{background-color:unset;padding-inline-start:0;padding-inline-end:20px}@media (max-width:928px){.FadeInOut_root__v7Efq,.FadeInOut_root__v7Efq.FadeInOut_isInfographic__PdX2K{background-color:unset;padding-inline:2px}}.FadeInOut_in__9dYWz{animation:FadeInOut_fadeIn__14JD0 .5s}.FadeInOut_out___eDZk{animation:FadeInOut_fadeOut__ILQaD .4s}@keyframes FadeInOut_fadeIn__14JD0{0%{opacity:0}to{opacity:1}}@keyframes FadeInOut_fadeOut__ILQaD{0%{opacity:1}to{opacity:0}}.VerticalSlideOverlayed_root__9Thd4{position:relative}.VerticalSlideOverlayed_root__9Thd4 .vertical-slide-image{position:absolute;inset:0}.VerticalSlideOverlayed_active___p5f2 .vertical-slide-image{opacity:.4}.VerticalSlideOverlayed_active___p5f2{background-color:#000}.VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p{width:100%;height:100%;-o-object-fit:contain;object-fit:contain;box-shadow:0 0 0 1px var(--blue-gray-200);border-radius:8px;transition:opacity .3s cubic-bezier(.2,0,0,1);opacity:.9;overflow:clip;background-color:var(--blue-gray-600);animation-name:VerticalSlideImage_pulse__OPBSn;animation-direction:alternate;animation-duration:1s;animation-iteration-count:infinite;animation-timing-function:ease-in-out}.VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p.VerticalSlideImage_isLoaded__r4xAa{opacity:1;animation:none;background-color:unset}@keyframes VerticalSlideImage_pulse__OPBSn{0%{opacity:.09}to{opacity:.15}}.SlideScrollDetector_root__AIK38{position:relative;height:100%;width:100%;pointer-events:none}.SlideScrollDetector_detector__rhkyk{position:absolute;top:0;left:0;height:1px;width:100%}.SlideScrollDetector_detector1__NmF8s{top:25%}.SlideScrollDetector_detector2__32XWr{top:75%}.SlideActions_root__fB9Q4{position:absolute;right:0;top:0;display:grid;grid-template-columns:40px;grid-template-rows:40px 40px;grid-column-gap:12px;-moz-column-gap:12px;column-gap:12px;grid-row-gap:12px;row-gap:12px;padding:12px;justify-content:flex-end;align-items:center;text-align:end}.SlideActions_active__aD_e1{grid-template-columns:max-content 40px}.SlideActions_button__o8UXk{background-color:var(--blue-gray-100);color:var(--blue-gray-700)}.VerticalSlide_infographic__ij1FA,.VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r{position:relative}.VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r .vertical-slide-image{position:absolute;inset:0}.VerticalSlide_infographic__ij1FA .vertical-slide-image{position:unset}.VerticalPlayer_root__K8_YS{position:relative;display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr);grid-gap:24px;gap:24px}@media screen and (max-width:928px){.VerticalPlayer_root__K8_YS{gap:8px}}.FreestarVideoAd_root__KDWgl{min-width:0;flex-shrink:0;aspect-ratio:16/9}.VerticalInterstitialAdWrapper_root__LxQh8{container-type:inline-size;position:relative;display:grid;min-height:280px;overflow-x:clip}.VerticalInterstitialAdWrapper_root__LxQh8:has(.interstitial-ad-container.has-fetched):not(:has(.interstitial-ad-container.has-fetched .freestar-ad-container:not(.unfilled))){display:none}.VerticalInterstitialAdWrapper_root__LxQh8:has(div.interstitial-ad-container.has-fetched div.freestar-ad-container.filled div),.VerticalInterstitialAdWrapper_root__LxQh8:has(div.interstitial-ad-container.has-fetched div.freestar-ad-container.unfilled iframe){display:block!important}.VerticalInterstitial_root__Dunl7{display:none}@media (max-width:520px){.VerticalInterstitial_root__Dunl7:not(.VerticalInterstitial_inVariant__xB9lL){display:block}}@container (max-width: 480px){.VerticalInterstitial_root__Dunl7.VerticalInterstitial_inVariant__xB9lL{display:block}}.FreestarAdContainer_root__qPPC_{position:relative;display:grid;place-content:center}.FreestarAdContainer_root__qPPC_.FreestarAdContainer_withFallback__A4lgm{aspect-ratio:var(--fallback-aspect-ratio)}.FreestarAdContainer_fallback__WreT9{position:absolute;inset:0;grid-template-columns:unset;place-content:center}.AdFallback_root__uAXsl{display:grid;justify-items:center;grid-template-columns:1fr;z-index:0}.MultipleIncontentSmall_root__x58Hs{display:none;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit,minmax(max-content,300px));place-content:center;gap:16px}@media (min-width:521px){.MultipleIncontentSmall_root__x58Hs:not(.MultipleIncontentSmall_inVariant__uf1S8){display:grid}}@container (max-width: 616px){.MultipleIncontentSmall_root__x58Hs:not(.MultipleIncontentSmall_inVariant__uf1S8) .freestar-ad-container:nth-of-type(2){display:none}}@container (min-width: 616px) and (max-width: 688px){.MultipleIncontentSmall_root__x58Hs.MultipleIncontentSmall_inVariant__uf1S8{display:grid}}.MultipleIncontentWide_root__4WD8U{display:none;place-content:center}@container (min-width: 480px) and (max-width: 616px){.MultipleIncontentWide_root__4WD8U{display:grid}}.MultipleIncontentLarge_root__pGIAn{display:none;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit,minmax(max-content,336px));place-content:center;gap:16px}@container (min-width: 688px){.MultipleIncontentLarge_root__pGIAn{display:grid}}.SlideRecs_root__likA5{--card-hover-background:var(--blue-gray-200);display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:20px}.SlideRecs_root__likA5 h2{font-size:24px;font-weight:600}@media (max-width:1050px){.SlideRecs_root__likA5{display:none}}.SlideRecs_root__likA5 .SlideRecs_cards__Lbxtt{display:grid;grid-gap:16px;gap:16px}.SlideRecs_root__likA5 .SlideRecs_card__txc2D{position:relative;grid-template-columns:180px 1fr;grid-template-rows:auto;gap:16px}.SlideRecs_root__likA5 .slideshow-thumbnail{box-shadow:0 0 0 1px var(--blue-gray-200)}.SlideRecs_root__likA5 .slideshow-card-content{padding-block:0;padding-inline-end:36px;gap:8px}.SlideRecs_root__likA5 .slideshow-title{line-height:1;margin-block-end:0}.SlideRecs_root__likA5 .SlideRecs_wrapper__21j_w{display:flex;gap:8px;align-items:center}.SlideRecs_root__likA5 .SlideRecs_wrapper__21j_w a,.SlideRecs_root__likA5 .SlideRecs_wrapper__21j_w span{font-size:12px}.SlideRecs_root__likA5 .SlideRecs_save__RR8dD{position:absolute;top:8px;right:8px}.SlideRecs_root__likA5 .SlideRecs_author__zlhWO{color:var(--blue-gray-700);font-weight:600;text-decoration:none;z-index:2}.SlideRecs_root__likA5 .SlideRecs_author__zlhWO:first-letter{text-transform:uppercase}.SlideRecs_root__likA5 .SlideRecs_card__txc2D .slideshow-title{font-size:16px}.SlideRecs_root__likA5 .SlideRecs_description__0bGsx{color:var(--blue-gray-700);font-size:14px;display:-webkit-box;overflow:hidden;line-clamp:1;-webkit-line-clamp:1;-webkit-box-orient:vertical}.SlideRecs_root__likA5 .SlideRecs_dot__Db7HR{font-size:16px}.SlideRecs_root__likA5 .SlideRecs_tags__RCA1q{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center;gap:8px}.SlideRecs_root__likA5 .SlideRecs_tags__RCA1q span{display:grid;place-content:center;height:20px;background-color:var(--alice-blue-600);border-radius:100vmax;color:var(--blue-gray-700);font-size:11px;font-weight:600;padding-inline:12px;-webkit-user-select:none;-moz-user-select:none;user-select:none;white-space:nowrap;text-transform:capitalize;z-index:2}.RecWithPopover_root__iNXfW{width:330px;display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:8px}.RecWithPopover_root__iNXfW>*{line-height:18px}.RecWithPopover_root__iNXfW h3{font-size:16px;font-weight:600}.RecWithPopover_root__iNXfW p{flex:1 1;color:var(--blue-gray-600);font-size:14px;max-width:100%;display:-webkit-box;line-clamp:5;-webkit-line-clamp:5;-webkit-box-orient:vertical;overflow-y:hidden}.RecWithPopover_hasSiblingsWithPopover__dlaxN{border-radius:4px;padding:12px}.RecWithPopover_hasPopover__G8_rr:hover:not(:has(:is(.save:hover,.author:hover))){background-color:var(--card-hover-background)}.SlideshowCard_root__pD8t4{position:relative;display:grid;grid-template-rows:max-content minmax(0,1fr);grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr);align-content:flex-start;color:var(--blue-gray-600)}.SlideshowCard_root__pD8t4:hover .SlideshowCard_thumb__86aJk{scale:1.02}.SlideshowCard_content__xh7kV{display:flex;flex-direction:column;-moz-column-gap:8px;column-gap:8px;padding:16px 0}.SlideshowCardLink_root__p8KI7{position:absolute;inset:0;z-index:1;margin:4px}.Thumbnail_root__qLW0K{--ease:cubic-bezier(0.2,0,0,1);position:relative;background-color:var(--blue-gray-100);border:1px solid var(--blue-gray-100);border-radius:8px;-webkit-backdrop-filter:blur(8px);backdrop-filter:blur(8px);scale:1;transition:scale .2s var(--ease);overflow:hidden}.Thumbnail_thumb__UXO3a{--reveal-delay:calc(30ms * var(--index));position:absolute;inset:0;width:100%;height:100%;opacity:0;transition:opacity .3s var(--ease);transition-delay:var(--reveal-delay)}.Thumbnail_loaded__XOJ5p{opacity:1}.Thumbnail_blur__opK6A{filter:blur(8px)}.Thumbnail_cover__1zsIi{-o-object-fit:cover;object-fit:cover}.Thumbnail_contain__K6M0d{-o-object-fit:contain;object-fit:contain}.SlideshowTitle_root__2VccW{display:-webkit-box;color:var(--blue-gray-900);font-size:18px;font-weight:600;line-height:1.2;margin-bottom:8px;white-space:break-spaces;word-break:break-word;-webkit-box-orient:vertical}.RecSaveButton_root__0CS9m{grid-area:d}.RecSaveButton_icon__btwCp{fill:currentColor;z-index:2}@media (max-width:928px){.RecSaveButton_root__0CS9m{display:none}}.SlideshowAuthor_root__IkT1_{color:var(--celadon-blue);font-weight:600;text-decoration:underline;-webkit-text-decoration-color:transparent;text-decoration-color:transparent;text-decoration-thickness:1.5px;text-underline-offset:2px;transition:-webkit-text-decoration-color .2s ease-out;transition:text-decoration-color .2s ease-out;transition:text-decoration-color .2s ease-out,-webkit-text-decoration-color .2s ease-out;z-index:2}.SlideshowAuthor_root__IkT1_:hover{-webkit-text-decoration-color:var(--celadon-blue);text-decoration-color:var(--celadon-blue)}.CountTag_root__y1hE1,.SplitDot_root__lTZDc{color:var(--blue-gray-600);font-weight:400}.SlideshowStats_root__EQOR1{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:6px}.SlideshowStats_text___WD7l{color:var(--blue-gray-600)}.BelowReaderAd_root__NKeGg{margin-top:16px;margin-bottom:60px}.BelowReaderAd_root__NKeGg.BelowReaderAd_desktop__7_JN7{display:block;justify-items:flex-start}.BelowReaderAd_root__NKeGg.BelowReaderAd_mobile__08T3d{display:none}.BelowReaderAd_root__NKeGg .fallback-ad{justify-self:flex-start}@media screen and (max-width:928px){.BelowReaderAd_root__NKeGg.BelowReaderAd_desktop__7_JN7{display:none}.BelowReaderAd_root__NKeGg.BelowReaderAd_mobile__08T3d{display:block;justify-items:center}}.Sidebar_root__1BbNu{width:var(--sidebar-size);max-height:100dvh;overflow:clip scroll;position:sticky;top:var(--metadata-toolbar-offset,0);display:flex;flex-direction:column;padding-inline-start:28px;padding-block-start:32px;padding-block-end:430px}.Sidebar_root__1BbNu.Sidebar_withSidebarAds__0w0dT{max-height:unset;overflow:unset;position:static;top:unset;display:grid;grid-template-rows:repeat(var(--slots),1fr);padding-inline:28px}@media (max-width:1050px){.Sidebar_root__1BbNu,.Sidebar_root__1BbNu.Sidebar_withSidebarAds__0w0dT{display:none}}.AboveRecsAd_root__iTmTR{min-height:280px;margin-block-end:32px}.AboveRecsAd_root__iTmTR .freestar-ad-container{place-content:flex-start}@media (max-width:1050px){.AboveRecsAd_root__iTmTR .freestar-ad-container{place-content:center}}.AboveRecsAd_mobileAd__LYgqf{display:none}.AboveRecsAd_desktopAd__ymykj{display:block}@media (max-width:1050px){.AboveRecsAd_mobileAd__LYgqf{display:block}.AboveRecsAd_desktopAd__ymykj{display:none}}.RailRecommendations_root__zqtZQ{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:8px;padding-block-end:24px}.RailRecommendations_title__kt1D2{font-size:24px;color:var(--blue-gray-900);font-weight:600;margin-block-end:20px}@media only screen and (min-width:929px){.RailRecommendations_hidden__7Ct2B{display:none}}.RailCard_root__rZUGY{--card-hover-background:var(--blue-gray-100);width:100%;position:relative;border-radius:8px;padding-block:12px;padding-inline:8px}.RailCard_root__rZUGY.slideshow-card{grid-template-columns:160px minmax(0,1fr);grid-template-rows:auto;gap:12px}.RailCard_root__rZUGY .slideshow-card-content{padding:0}.RailCard_actionContainer__eXUHT{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) 28px;grid-column-gap:8px;-moz-column-gap:8px;column-gap:8px}.RailCard_root__rZUGY .RailCard_actionContainer__eXUHT .slideshow-author,.RailCard_root__rZUGY .RailCard_actionContainer__eXUHT .slideshow-stats,.RailCard_root__rZUGY .RailCard_actionContainer__eXUHT .slideshow-title{grid-area:unset}.RailCard_root__rZUGY .RailCard_actionContainer__eXUHT .slideshow-author,.RailCard_root__rZUGY .RailCard_actionContainer__eXUHT .slideshow-stats{grid-column:1/-1}.RailCard_root__rZUGY .RailCard_actionContainer__eXUHT .slideshow-author{grid-row:2}.RailCard_root__rZUGY .RailCard_actionContainer__eXUHT .slideshow-stats{grid-row:3}.RailCard_link__d3BBm{z-index:1}.RailCard_info__Oqm6G{min-width:0;display:flex;flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;word-break:break-word}.RailCard_root__rZUGY .RailCard_title__Tvfiv{font-size:16px;margin-bottom:0;grid-area:a;word-break:break-word}.RailCard_root__rZUGY .RailCard_stats__ZvZms{margin-top:12px}.RailCard_stats__ZvZms .text{font-size:12px}.RailCard_root__rZUGY .RailCard_author__JYeYZ{color:var(--blue-gray-700);margin-top:8px;text-decoration:none}@media screen and (min-width:929px){.RailCard_root__rZUGY:hover{background-color:var(--blue-gray-100)}}.RelatedContent_root__29Np1{background-color:var(--blue-gray-100);border-top:1px solid var(--blue-gray-200);border-bottom:1px solid var(--blue-gray-200);padding-block:32px;position:relative}.RelatedContent_wrapper__riU7l{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr);grid-gap:32px;gap:32px;max-width:var(--max-content-width);margin-inline:auto}.RelatedContent_title__QUhpL{text-align:center;font-size:32px;font-weight:700}.RelatedContent_root__29Np1 .bottom-recs{display:grid}.RelatedContent_root__29Np1 .rail-recs{display:none}@media screen and (max-width:520px){.RelatedContent_root__29Np1 .bottom-recs{display:none}.RelatedContent_root__29Np1 .rail-recs{display:flex}.RelatedContent_wrapper__riU7l{padding-inline:16px}}.BottomRecommendation_root__7aU9w{display:grid;grid-gap:4px;gap:4px;padding-inline:24px}.BottomRecommendation_title__SRj68{font-size:22px;font-weight:600}.BottomRecommendation_count__4HpLo{color:var(--blue-gray-600);font-size:16px;font-weight:400}.Slider_root__c0Jo8{position:relative;display:grid}.Slider_scroller__KHjw4{display:flex;gap:20px;overflow:auto;scroll-snap-type:x mandatory;overscroll-behavior-x:contain;max-inline-size:100%;min-block-size:100%;touch-action:pan-x;-ms-overflow-style:none;scrollbar-width:none}.Slider_scroller__KHjw4::-webkit-scrollbar{display:none}.Slider_scroller__KHjw4>*{flex-grow:1;flex-shrink:0;scroll-snap-align:start}.Slider_scroller__KHjw4>:last-child{scroll-snap-align:end}.Slider_arrow__8LCca{display:grid;place-content:center;width:36px;height:36px;position:absolute;top:50%;background:var(--white);border:1px solid var(--blue-gray-200);border-radius:100vmax;box-shadow:0 2px 4px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.25);color:var(--blue-gray-800);padding:0;opacity:1;visibility:visible;pointer-events:all;transition:opacity .2s ease-in-out,visibility .2s ease-in-out;transition-delay:0s;cursor:pointer;z-index:1}.Slider_prev__YMssa{left:0;translate:-50% -50%}.Slider_next__fa9IO{right:0;translate:50% -50%}.Slider_hidden__rs7nK{opacity:0;visibility:hidden;pointer-events:none}.BottomRecommendationCard_root__gffTk{inline-size:clamp(220px,12.63rem + 3.45vw,260px);position:relative;border-radius:8px;background-color:#fff;border:1px solid var(--blue-gray-200)}.BottomRecommendationCard_root__gffTk .slideshow-thumbnail{border-radius:0;border-top-left-radius:8px;border-top-right-radius:8px}.BottomRecommendationCard_root__gffTk .slideshow-card-content{padding:16px}.BottomRecommendationCard_root__gffTk .slideshow-author{max-width:50%;word-break:break-all;white-space:break-spaces;-webkit-line-clamp:1;display:-webkit-box;-webkit-box-orient:vertical}.BottomRecommendationCard_root__gffTk .slideshow-stats{margin-block-start:auto}.BottomRecommendationCard_root__gffTk:focus,.BottomRecommendationCard_root__gffTk:focus-visible{outline:none;border-color:var(--celadon-blue);border-width:1px}.BottomRecommendationCard_root__gffTk .BottomRecommendationCard_text__5jKNE{display:-webkit-box;-webkit-box-orient:vertical;white-space:break-spaces;word-break:break-word;-webkit-line-clamp:1}.BottomRecommendationCard_link__pHORq:before{content:"";position:absolute;inset:0;z-index:1}.BottomRecommendationCard_metaLine__shwPk{display:flex;gap:8px;align-items:center;white-space:nowrap;grid-area:c}.ScribdRecommendation_root__t3ezS{display:grid;grid-gap:16px;gap:16px;padding:0 24px}.ScribdRecommendation_header__Jw_M1{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr max-content}.ScribdRecommendation_title__JZ5p7{font-size:22px;font-weight:600}.ScribdRecommendation_link__4DVQz{align-self:end;grid-column:2;grid-row:1/span 2;color:var(--celadon-blue-dark)}.ScribdRecommendation_link__4DVQz:hover{color:var(--celadon-blue)}.ScribdRecommendationCard_root__ef2Y_{--ease:cubic-bezier(0.2,0,0,1);--rec-bg-1:#f1e3e3;--rec-bg-2:#f6f4e3;--rec-bg-3:#e1eaec;--rec-bg-4:#efebef;--rec-bg-5:#f1f0f0;--rec-bg-6:#f4eadb;--rec-bg-7:#eaeee7;--rec-bg-8:#e3e8ef;--rec-bg-9:#f1eee6;max-width:172px;position:relative;height:100%;display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr);grid-template-rows:max-content minmax(0,1fr);align-content:flex-start;background-color:var(--white);border:1px solid var(--blue-gray-200);box-shadow:none;transition:box-shadow .2s ease-in-out;text-decoration:none}.ScribdRecommendationCard_root__ef2Y_:hover{box-shadow:0 2px 10px rgba(0,0,0,.1)}.ScribdRecommendationCard_thumb__5VVNh{position:relative;display:flex;background-color:var(--blue-gray-200);margin-block-start:24px;margin-inline:20px}.ScribdRecommendationCard_root__ef2Y_:before{position:absolute;inset:0;aspect-ratio:19/16;content:"";background-color:var(--block-color)}.ScribdRecommendationCard_thumb__5VVNh img{--reveal-delay:calc(30ms * var(--card-index));aspect-ratio:inherit;box-shadow:0 4px 6px rgba(0,0,0,.2);-o-object-fit:cover;object-fit:cover;opacity:0;visibility:hidden;transition:opacity .3s var(--ease);transition-delay:var(--reveal-delay)}.ScribdRecommendationCard_loaded__FTN_f img{opacity:1;visibility:visible}.ScribdRecommendationCard_content__ObcvL{display:flex;flex-direction:column;padding-block:20px;padding-inline:16px}.ScribdRecommendationCard_content__ObcvL .rating{padding-block-start:8px;margin-block-start:auto}@media (max-width:928px){.ScribdRecommendationCard_content__ObcvL .rating{flex-direction:column;align-items:flex-start}}.Rating_root__fgZQJ{display:flex;align-items:center;-moz-column-gap:6px;column-gap:6px;white-space:nowrap}.Rating_root__fgZQJ :first-child{color:#e47b01;font-size:16px;line-height:1}.Rating_root__fgZQJ :last-child{color:var(--blue-gray-600);font-size:14px;letter-spacing:-.25px}.Transcript_root__Vrf6Q{width:100%;max-width:var(--max-content-width);display:grid;grid-gap:8px;gap:8px;padding:32px 16px;margin-inline:auto;position:relative;background:#fff}.Transcript_title__YgAka{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:4px;font-weight:300;word-break:break-word}.Transcript_list__faItj{list-style-type:none;padding-inline-start:0;word-break:break-word}.Transcript_link__MLbGS{color:var(--celadon-blue);font-weight:700;line-height:22px;text-decoration:none;cursor:pointer}.EditorsNotes_root__3PcDF{padding:32px 16px;margin:0 auto}.EditorsNotes_heading__XR9E6{font-weight:700;font-size:22px}.EditorsNotes_list__NcG5Y{padding-left:30px;font-size:18px;font-style:italic;color:var(--blue-gray-600)}.EditorsNotes_item__ebBbj{word-break:break-word}@media screen and (min-width:1696px){.EditorsNotes_root__3PcDF{max-width:1688px}}.FixedDownloadButton_root__14xtQ{display:none}@media screen and (max-width:928px){.FixedDownloadButton_root__14xtQ{position:sticky;bottom:0;display:flex;justify-content:right;z-index:3;padding:16px}}.Modal_root__TYkzh[open]{opacity:1;animation:Modal_slide-in__GHXut .3s ease-out}.Modal_root__TYkzh{--max-height:calc(100dvb - var(--header-height));--slide-from:calc(-50% + 8px);--slide-to:-50%;--title-size:80px;max-width:100%;max-height:var(--max-height);top:50%;left:50%;translate:-50% -50%;box-shadow:0 0 0 1px rgba(9,30,66,.08),0 2px 1px rgba(9,30,66,.08),0 0 20px -6px rgba(9,30,66,.3);border:0;border-radius:var(--border-radius);padding:0;opacity:0;animation:Modal_slide-out__m_Ov2 .2s ease-in;transition:display allow-discrete .3s,overlay allow-discrete .3s;overflow:clip}@starting-style{.Modal_root__TYkzh[open]{opacity:0}}.Modal_root__TYkzh.Modal_small__hupRE{width:400px}.Modal_root__TYkzh.Modal_medium__j8NOV{width:600px}.Modal_root__TYkzh.Modal_large__ygVmr{width:800px}.Modal_root__TYkzh.Modal_xlarge__HeXWk{width:960px}.Modal_wrapper__4UTGq{position:relative;display:flex;flex-direction:column}.Modal_wrapper__4UTGq>h1+*{flex:1 1;max-height:calc(var(--max-height) - var(--title-size));overflow:clip auto}@media screen and (max-width:520px){.Modal_root__TYkzh,.Modal_root__TYkzh.Modal_large__ygVmr,.Modal_root__TYkzh.Modal_medium__j8NOV,.Modal_root__TYkzh.Modal_small__hupRE,.Modal_root__TYkzh.Modal_xlarge__HeXWk{width:100vw}}@media screen and (max-width:928px){.Modal_root__TYkzh.Modal_bottomPlacement__BUbfp{--slide-from:8px;--slide-to:0;width:100vw;top:unset;bottom:0;translate:-50% 0;border-bottom-left-radius:0;border-bottom-right-radius:0}}@keyframes Modal_slide-in__GHXut{0%{translate:-50% var(--slide-from);opacity:0}to{translate:-50% var(--slide-to);opacity:1}}@keyframes Modal_slide-out__m_Ov2{0%{translate:-50% var(--slide-to);opacity:1}to{translate:-50% var(--slide-from);opacity:0}}.Modal_root__TYkzh::backdrop{background-color:transparent;transition:display allow-discrete .3s,overlay allow-discrete .3s,background-color .3s}.Modal_root__TYkzh[open]::backdrop{background-color:rgba(0,0,0,.6)}@starting-style{.Modal_root__TYkzh[open]::backdrop{background-color:transparent}}.Modal_title__xhSfl{height:var(--title-size);display:flex;align-items:center;color:var(--blue-gray-900);font-size:20px;font-weight:600;border-bottom:1px solid var(--blue-gray-200);padding-inline-start:20px;padding-inline-end:60px}.Modal_title__xhSfl:first-letter{text-transform:capitalize}.Modal_content__R1F4d{padding-inline:20px;padding-block:24px}.Modal_actions__t63hZ{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:flex-end;gap:24px;padding-inline:20px;padding-block:16px}.CloseButton_root__JCTRm{position:absolute;right:16px;top:16px;width:40px;height:40px;display:grid;place-content:center;color:var(--blue-gray-600);border-radius:100vmax;background-color:transparent;border:0;padding:0;margin:0;transition:background-color .2s ease-in-out;cursor:pointer}.CloseButton_root__JCTRm:hover{background-color:rgba(var(--blue-gray-600-rgb),.05)}.ReportForm_root__RNqAc{display:grid;grid-gap:10px;gap:10px}.ReportForm_selectField__Kyyaj{max-width:unset!important}.LikeModal_more__R9uAk{justify-self:center;color:var(--celadon-blue);font-weight:500;opacity:0;visibility:hidden;transition:opacity .2s ease-in-out,visibility .2s ease-in-out}.LikeModal_more__R9uAk.LikeModal_visible__t1vr4{opacity:1;visibility:visible;transition-delay:0s}.LikesUserList_root__RMFUk{list-style:none;padding:0 0 16px;margin:0}.LikesUserList_root__RMFUk>li{display:grid}.LikesUserList_root__RMFUk>li:last-child .LikesUserList_link__NeMA0{border-bottom:none}.LikesUserList_link__NeMA0{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(2,max-content) 1fr;grid-template-rows:repeat(2,min-content);grid-template-areas:"avatar username summary" "avatar title title";grid-column-gap:12px;-moz-column-gap:12px;column-gap:12px;grid-row-gap:0;row-gap:0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--blue-gray-200);padding:8px 0;text-decoration:none}.LikesUserList_avatar__VRXz2{grid-area:avatar}.LikesUserList_username__c84om{grid-area:username}.LikesUserList_summary___gbSG{grid-area:summary}.LikesUserList_title__UF0V6{grid-area:title}.ViewModal_content__GPKXy{padding-block:0}.ViewModal_row__xLxnz{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;border-bottom:1px dashed var(--blue-gray-300);color:var(--blue-gray-800);padding:16px 0}.ViewModal_row__xLxnz:last-child{border-bottom:none}.ConfirmRemoveSavedModal_description__2EAEu{color:var(--blue-gray-800);font-weight:400;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;padding:24px 0}div.SaveToNewListModal_input__Fi90k{max-width:unset;margin-bottom:24px}.SaveToNewListModal_checkboxWrapper__y_w0m .SaveToNewListModal_checkboxLabel__lMiU9:hover,.SaveToNewListModal_checkboxWrapper__y_w0m:hover .SaveToNewListModal_checkboxLabel__lMiU9,.SaveToNewListModal_checkboxWrapper__y_w0m:hover .SaveToNewListModal_input__Fi90k{color:var(--blue-gray-800)}.SaveToNewListModal_checkboxWrapper__y_w0m .SaveToNewListModal_checkboxLabel__lMiU9{color:var(--blue-gray-800);font-weight:400;font-size:14px;flex-direction:column;display:flex;line-height:18px}.SaveToNewListModal_imageContainer__Dx4nD{display:flex;flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;align-items:center;width:178px;margin:0 auto 24px}.SaveToNewListModal_imageContainer__Dx4nD img{height:100px}.SaveToNewListModal_errorContainer__FBZPH{margin:16px 0}
1. @yourtwitterhandle | developer.confluent.io
What are the best practices to debug client applications
(producers/consumers in general but also Kafka Streams
applications)?
Starting soon…
STARTING SOOOOON..
Starting sooooon ..
Starting soon…
Starting soon…
2. @yourtwitterhandle | developer.confluent.io
What are the best practices to debug client applications
(producers/consumers in general but also Kafka Streams
applications)?
Starting soon…
STARTING SOOOOON..
Starting sooooon ..
Starting soon…
3. Copyright 2021, Confluent, Inc. All rights reserved. This document may not be reproduced in any manner without the express written permission of Confluent, Inc.
Streaming Architecture
4. Copyright 2021, Confluent, Inc. All rights reserved. This document may not be reproduced in any manner without the express written permission of Confluent, Inc.
Streaming Architecture
5. Copyright 2021, Confluent, Inc. All rights reserved. This document may not be reproduced in any manner without the express written permission of Confluent, Inc.
Streaming Architecture
7. Goal
Partners Tech Talks are webinars where subject matter experts from a Partner talk about a
specific use case or project. The goal of Tech Talks is to provide best practices and
applications insights, along with inspiration, and help you stay up to date about innovations
in confluent ecosystem.
12. Copyright 2021, Confluent, Inc. All rights reserved. This document may not be reproduced in any manner without the express written permission of Confluent, Inc. 12
Build a bridge
to Kafka from
anywhere
Native Kafka speakers?
● Confluent supported clients and features
○ C/C++, Java, Go, .NET, Python
● Many open source/community supported
clients
● Native Kafka clients not available for all
languages
(Almost) everybody speaks REST
● Gain access to Kafka from almost anywhere
● Be aware
○ Understanding of Kafka is required
○ REST Proxy wraps Kafka client behavior
13. Copyright 2021, Confluent, Inc. All rights reserved. This document may not be reproduced in any manner without the express written permission of Confluent, Inc.
REST Options
REST Proxy
● REST endpoints to interact
with Kafka
○ Produce & consume
○ Admin
13
REST API
● v3:
○ Admin API (details)
○ Produce API (details)
●
Connect
● Sink
● Source
14. Copyright 2021, Confluent, Inc. All rights reserved. This document may not be reproduced in any manner without the express written permission of Confluent, Inc.
REST Proxy
Non-Java
Applications
Native Kafka Java
Applications
Schema
Registry
REST / HTTP
Connect any application
14
REST Proxy
Allows third-party apps to
produce and consume
messages
Communicate via
HTTP-connected devices
Provides a RESTful interface to
a Kafka cluster
15. Copyright 2021, Confluent, Inc. All rights reserved. This document may not be reproduced in any manner without the express written permission of Confluent, Inc.
Try yourself REST Proxy example
● REST Proxy: Example for Apache
Kafka® — Confluent Documentation
● Produce and consume with JSON and Avro
15
REST API reference
● Confluent REST Proxy API Reference —
Confluent Documentation
● Including
○ consumer offset management
○ manual commits
16. @yourtwitterhandle | developer.confluent.io
What are the best practices to debug client applications
(producers/consumers in general but also Kafka Streams
applications)?
Starting soon…
STARTING SOOOOON..
Starting sooooon ..
Starting soon…
17. Building API data products on top of
your real-time data infrastructure
Linus Hakansson
Field CTO
20. Partners and customers
20
Demonstratio
n Topic: orders
Protocol mediation
Traffic shaping and transformations
Developer Portal and subscription
management
Access control
Analytics and monitoring
Kafka with SASL/SSL
PLAIN
HTTP POST Webhook Websockets
21. Analyst Recognition
21
2023 Magic Quadrant for API Management: Visionary
“Gravitee.io’s offering has strong capabilities and leading-edge features in
each aspect of API management. This wide-ranging product strategy sets
it apart from competitors that specialize in specific aspects of API
management. At the same time, Gravitee.io focuses on support for
event-driven APIs as a market differentiator, including publishing and
managing event-driven APIs side-by-side with request/response APIs.”
2023 Critical Capabilities for API Management: Top 3
“Gravitee.io’s offering received its highest use-case score for internal API
management, where it received a good score. It also received good scores
for the multiexperience architecture, integration using APIs and productizing
APIs use cases; and it received a fair score for the distributed API
management use
case. It ranked in the top 5 offerings in each use case.”
2024 Voice of the Customer for APIM: Leader
Gravitee.io is the only vendor to
receive the prestigious and
sought-after Gartner Peer Insights
Customer’s Choice 2024. Only
one vendor is in the leader
quadrant: Gravitee!
100% Willingness to
Recommend score
26. 26
What if I need to expose Kafka without mediation?
Generic TCP Proxy! However, that does
not give you;
● Authentication control
● Analytics and logs
● Transformations
● Traffic shaping and routing
27. 27
Introducing Gravitee Kafka Gateway
Virtual Topics Access Control Failover Transformations
Virtual
Partitions
Authentication
Mediation
Filtering Analytics
API Management for Kafka
● Documentation (AsyncAPI)
● Enterprise Developer Portal
● Subscription Management
● Policies and no-code traffic shaping
● Productize and monetize
