Implication of FDI for business

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The document discusses foreign direct investment (FDI) in India. It defines FDI as direct investment by individuals or companies of one country into business operations in another country. The document outlines benefits of FDI such as technology transfer and increased productivity. However, it also notes drawbacks like local firms losing business. It provides data on top investing countries in India and sectors that saw success with FDI, like telecommunications. The document concludes by discussing the debate around allowing FDI in India's retail sector.

Implementation of FDI for Business
By :-
LOKESH CHANDRA
2

What is FDI ?
3
• Foreign direct investment (FDI) is a direct investment
into production or business in a country by an individual or
company of another country, either by buying a company in
the target country or by expanding operations of an existing
business in that country.
• Foreign direct investment is in contrast to portfolio
investment which is a passive investment in the securities
of another country such as stocks and bonds.

Why FDI?
 No debt creation on the part of the government.
 Triggers technology transfer.
 Contributes to international integration by promoting exports.
 Increases productivity and competitiveness.
 Improves efficiency of resources.
 Promotes innovation.
4

Drawbacks of FDI
5
 Local firms may loose business because of the oligopolistic
power of foreign firms.
 The repatriation of profit may drain out the capital of the
host country.
 Local population may be displaced out of their jobs if they
are unable to cope with the technologically advanced
foreign firms.

Studies on FDI in India
6
 Higher extent of FDI in an industry leads to higher
wage rate, it has no impact on its employment.
 Higher export intensity of an industry increases
employment in the industry but has no effect on its
wage rate.
 Import of technology has unfavorably affected
employment in India. The study by Sharma (2000)
concluded that FDI does not have a statistically
significant role in the export promotion in Indian
Economy.

FDI policy in India
7
 Currently FDI is permitted through:-
a) Financial collaborations.
b) Joint Ventures and technical collaborations.
c) Capital markets via Euro issues.
d) Preferential allotments.
 India had opened up its economy and allowed MNCs in the
core sectors such as Power and Fuels, Electrical Equipments,
Transport, Chemicals, Food Processing, Metallurgical, Drugs
and Pharmaceuticals, Textiles, and Industrial Machinery.

9
Continue…
 India had registered a declining trend of FDI inflows and
the FDI- GDP ratio especially in 1998 and 2003 could be
attributed to many factors, including the US sanctions
imposed in the aftermath of the nuclear tests and Swadesi
movements.
 But since 2006 India has seen a remarkably higher
growth of FDI in accordance with the general trends of
the global economy with a slight dip in the year 2009-
2010.

Top Investors in India
42
9
7
5
4 4 4
2 2
19
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
Mauritius
Singapore
U.S.A.
U.K
Netherlands
Japan
Cyprus
Germany
France
Others
%age to total Inflows (in terms of US $)
%
10

Telecommunication Sector -
A success story
11
 Large number of private operators started operating in
the basic/mobile telephony and Internet domains after
several series of reforms in the telecom sector. FDI is
permitted up to 74% with FDI, beyond 49% requiring
Government approval.
 As a result of the New Telecom Policy 1999 (NTP99)
Total FDI in telecom is currently over US $ 15 billion.
 Tremendous improvement in infrastructure, lowest tariff
rates in the world and over 250 million users.
 In 2007-2008 Vodafone took over Hutch for about US $
11 billion.

Retail Sector in India
12
 Retail industry in India is one of the fastest growing.
 Contributes 14% to the national GDP and employs 7% of the
total workforce.
 The retail industry is divided into organized and unorganized
sectors.
 Organized trade employs roughly 5 lakhs people whereas the
unorganized retail trade employs nearly 3.95 crore.
 Growth in Retail as a result of economic expansion as well as
jobless growth.

Major arguments against adoption of
FDI in Retail in India:
13
 FDI driven modern retailing is labor displacing.
 It can only expand by destroying the traditional retail
sector.
 Foreign retail firms have deep pockets and can cause
even the organized retail sector to go out of business.
 Will buy big from India and abroad and be able to
sell low. When monopoly situation is created will buy
low and sell high.

Suggestive measures to eliminate the
negative effects of FDI in Retail
14
 FDI should be aggressively promoted in R&D,
Manufacturing, Entertainment to accommodate the
people who have lost their jobs.
 Import duty should be imposed to protect domestic
production units.
 Labour laws should be imposed to ensure that no
management jobs are outsourced.
 Jobs should be reserved for the poor people.

References of the Data
15
 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_direct_investment
 http://www.sharetipsinfo.com/fdi-retail.html
 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retailing_in_India
 http://toostep.com/debate/what-is-impact-of-fdi-in-indian-market

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The document discusses the history and impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) in India. It traces FDI back to the East India Company and notes that India faced a severe economic crisis in 1991 that led the government to liberalize FDI policies. Major reforms starting in 1991 aimed to attract FDI through privatization and globalization. The document outlines several advantages and disadvantages of FDI and details India's FDI policies and approval processes over time. It provides statistics on FDI inflows and major investing sectors in India as well as several recent high-profile FDI announcements.

Foreign Direct Investment

Sameer Dhurat

Foreign direct investment in india

Krunal Zaveri

Foreign direct investment (FDI) in India has increased substantially since economic liberalization began in 1991. FDI is regulated by the Reserve Bank of India and the Foreign Investment Promotion Board, and flows primarily into sectors like services, construction, and automotive manufacturing. While FDI brings benefits like new jobs, technology, and financial resources, it also poses risks such as crowding out local industries. India has gradually opened more sectors to higher levels of foreign ownership over time, including recently allowing 100% FDI in single-brand retail and raising limits in insurance and telecom. Mauritius is currently the largest source of FDI for India.

Presentation1

Naveen Gupta

The document discusses Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in India, specifically in the retail sector. It defines FDI and provides examples of major foreign retailers interested in the Indian market. It outlines the Indian government's policies that allow 51% FDI for multi-brand retail and 100% for single-brand. The document also discusses the types of FDI, sectors that attract FDI in India, and both the advantages and disadvantages of allowing FDI in the retail sector.

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PPT on Retail Banking. Introduction to Retail Banking Let's start with an introduction to retail banking. Retail banking, also known as consumer banking, involves providing financial services to individual consumers rather than businesses. It plays a crucial role in the financial system by offering services such as savings accounts, loans, and credit cards. These services help individuals manage their finances effectively and securely. History of Retail Banking Retail banking has a fascinating history. It began in ancient times with temples providing loans. During medieval times, banks like the Medici Bank emerged in Europe, offering services to both merchants and individuals. The Industrial Revolution in the 18th and 19th centuries saw the establishment of modern banks, introducing products like savings accounts and personal loans. The 1960s brought about a significant change with the introduction of ATMs, which revolutionized access to banking services. In the 21st century, the digital revolution further transformed the industry, making financial services more accessible through internet and mobile banking. Key Services Offered Retail banks offer a variety of services. First, we have deposits, which include savings accounts, checking accounts, and fixed deposits. These accounts provide a secure place to store money and earn interest. Next, there are loans, including personal loans, home loans, and auto loans, which help individuals make major purchases or investments. Lastly, credit and debit cards facilitate cashless transactions and provide short-term credit for purchases. Types of Retail Banking Accounts Retail banks offer different types of accounts to meet various needs. A savings account allows customers to store their money securely while earning interest. A checking account provides easy access to funds for daily transactions. Fixed deposits offer higher interest rates for money that is locked in for a specific period. Recurring deposits allow customers to make regular monthly deposits that also earn interest. Retail Banking Channels Retail banking services are accessed through various channels. Traditional branch banking involves visiting a physical bank branch. Online banking allows customers to manage their accounts and transactions via the internet. Mobile banking uses smartphone apps for banking services on the go. ATMs, or automated teller machines, provide cash withdrawals and other services without needing to visit a branch. Benefits of Retail Banking Retail banking offers several benefits. It provides convenience, allowing customers easy access to financial services. Accessibility is another key benefit, as these services are available to a wide range of customers. Finally, retail banks offer a variety of financial products, from savings accounts to loans, to meet different financial needs. Challenges in Retail Banking Despite its benefits, retail banking faces several challenges.

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一比一原版俄亥俄大学毕业证（ohio毕业证）如何办理

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一比一原版伦敦城市大学毕业证（city毕业证）如何办理

mxufwag

原版一模一样【微信：741003700 】【伦敦城市大学毕业证（city毕业证）成绩单】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信学历认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、在读证明、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。 1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700 【主营项目】一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费) 三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度) 如果您处于以下几种情况： ◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】 ◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到； ◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备； ◇回国时间很长，忘记办理； ◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看； ◇企事业单位必须要求办理的 ◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口 ◇申请留学生创业基金留信网认证的作用: 1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份 2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定 3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书 4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方 5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息 6:个人职称评审加20分 7:个人信誉贷款加10分 8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才办理伦敦城市大学毕业证（city毕业证）【微信：741003700 】外观非常简单，由纸质材料制成，上面印有校徽、校名、毕业生姓名、专业等信息。办理伦敦城市大学毕业证（city毕业证）【微信：741003700 】格式相对统一，各专业都有相应的模板。通常包括以下部分：校徽：象征着学校的荣誉和传承。校名:学校英文全称授予学位：本部分将注明获得的具体学位名称。毕业生姓名：这是最重要的信息之一，标志着该证书是由特定人员获得的。颁发日期：这是毕业正式生效的时间，也代表着毕业生学业的结束。其他信息：根据不同的专业和学位，可能会有一些特定的信息或章节。办理伦敦城市大学毕业证（city毕业证）【微信：741003700 】价值很高，需要妥善保管。一般来说，应放置在安全、干燥、防潮的地方，避免长时间暴露在阳光下。如需使用，最好使用复印件而不是原件，以免丢失。综上所述，办理伦敦城市大学毕业证（city毕业证）【微信：741003700 】是证明身份和学历的高价值文件。外观简单庄重，格式统一，包括重要的个人信息和发布日期。对持有人来说，妥善保管是非常重要的。

一比一原版明尼苏达大学双城分校毕业证(umn毕业证）如何办理

mxufwag

原版一模一样【微信：741003700 】【明尼苏达大学双城分校毕业证(umn毕业证）成绩单】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信学历认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、在读证明、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。 1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700 【主营项目】一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费) 三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度) 如果您处于以下几种情况： ◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】 ◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到； ◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备； ◇回国时间很长，忘记办理； ◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看； ◇企事业单位必须要求办理的 ◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口 ◇申请留学生创业基金留信网认证的作用: 1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份 2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定 3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书 4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方 5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息 6:个人职称评审加20分 7:个人信誉贷款加10分 8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才办理明尼苏达大学双城分校毕业证(umn毕业证）【微信：741003700 】外观非常简单，由纸质材料制成，上面印有校徽、校名、毕业生姓名、专业等信息。办理明尼苏达大学双城分校毕业证(umn毕业证）【微信：741003700 】格式相对统一，各专业都有相应的模板。通常包括以下部分：校徽：象征着学校的荣誉和传承。校名:学校英文全称授予学位：本部分将注明获得的具体学位名称。毕业生姓名：这是最重要的信息之一，标志着该证书是由特定人员获得的。颁发日期：这是毕业正式生效的时间，也代表着毕业生学业的结束。其他信息：根据不同的专业和学位，可能会有一些特定的信息或章节。办理明尼苏达大学双城分校毕业证(umn毕业证）【微信：741003700 】价值很高，需要妥善保管。一般来说，应放置在安全、干燥、防潮的地方，避免长时间暴露在阳光下。如需使用，最好使用复印件而不是原件，以免丢失。综上所述，办理明尼苏达大学双城分校毕业证(umn毕业证）【微信：741003700 】是证明身份和学历的高价值文件。外观简单庄重，格式统一，包括重要的个人信息和发布日期。对持有人来说，妥善保管是非常重要的。

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Implication of FDI for business

1. 1

2. Implementation of FDI for Business By :- LOKESH CHANDRA 2

3. What is FDI ? 3 • Foreign direct investment (FDI) is a direct investment into production or business in a country by an individual or company of another country, either by buying a company in the target country or by expanding operations of an existing business in that country. • Foreign direct investment is in contrast to portfolio investment which is a passive investment in the securities of another country such as stocks and bonds.

4. Why FDI?  No debt creation on the part of the government.  Triggers technology transfer.  Contributes to international integration by promoting exports.  Increases productivity and competitiveness.  Improves efficiency of resources.  Promotes innovation. 4

5. Drawbacks of FDI 5  Local firms may loose business because of the oligopolistic power of foreign firms.  The repatriation of profit may drain out the capital of the host country.  Local population may be displaced out of their jobs if they are unable to cope with the technologically advanced foreign firms.

6. Studies on FDI in India 6  Higher extent of FDI in an industry leads to higher wage rate, it has no impact on its employment.  Higher export intensity of an industry increases employment in the industry but has no effect on its wage rate.  Import of technology has unfavorably affected employment in India. The study by Sharma (2000) concluded that FDI does not have a statistically significant role in the export promotion in Indian Economy.

7. FDI policy in India 7  Currently FDI is permitted through:- a) Financial collaborations. b) Joint Ventures and technical collaborations. c) Capital markets via Euro issues. d) Preferential allotments.  India had opened up its economy and allowed MNCs in the core sectors such as Power and Fuels, Electrical Equipments, Transport, Chemicals, Food Processing, Metallurgical, Drugs and Pharmaceuticals, Textiles, and Industrial Machinery.

8. Currently FDI is allowed in 8  Telecommunications, Banking, Insurance, Hotel & Tourism, IT.  Mining of titanium keeping India's civilian nuclear ambitions in mind upto100%,a mineral which is abundant in India.  Single Brand product retailing where Foreign Investment up to 51% is permitted with prior Government approval. Major debate going on about approving FDI in India’s Retail sector.

9. 9 Continue…  India had registered a declining trend of FDI inflows and the FDI- GDP ratio especially in 1998 and 2003 could be attributed to many factors, including the US sanctions imposed in the aftermath of the nuclear tests and Swadesi movements.  But since 2006 India has seen a remarkably higher growth of FDI in accordance with the general trends of the global economy with a slight dip in the year 2009- 2010.

10. Top Investors in India 42 9 7 5 4 4 4 2 2 19 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 Mauritius Singapore U.S.A. U.K Netherlands Japan Cyprus Germany France Others %age to total Inflows (in terms of US $) % 10

11. Telecommunication Sector - A success story 11  Large number of private operators started operating in the basic/mobile telephony and Internet domains after several series of reforms in the telecom sector. FDI is permitted up to 74% with FDI, beyond 49% requiring Government approval.  As a result of the New Telecom Policy 1999 (NTP99) Total FDI in telecom is currently over US $ 15 billion.  Tremendous improvement in infrastructure, lowest tariff rates in the world and over 250 million users.  In 2007-2008 Vodafone took over Hutch for about US $ 11 billion.

12. Retail Sector in India 12  Retail industry in India is one of the fastest growing.  Contributes 14% to the national GDP and employs 7% of the total workforce.  The retail industry is divided into organized and unorganized sectors.  Organized trade employs roughly 5 lakhs people whereas the unorganized retail trade employs nearly 3.95 crore.  Growth in Retail as a result of economic expansion as well as jobless growth.

13. Major arguments against adoption of FDI in Retail in India: 13  FDI driven modern retailing is labor displacing.  It can only expand by destroying the traditional retail sector.  Foreign retail firms have deep pockets and can cause even the organized retail sector to go out of business.  Will buy big from India and abroad and be able to sell low. When monopoly situation is created will buy low and sell high.

14. Suggestive measures to eliminate the negative effects of FDI in Retail 14  FDI should be aggressively promoted in R&D, Manufacturing, Entertainment to accommodate the people who have lost their jobs.  Import duty should be imposed to protect domestic production units.  Labour laws should be imposed to ensure that no management jobs are outsourced.  Jobs should be reserved for the poor people.

15. References of the Data 15  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_direct_investment  http://www.sharetipsinfo.com/fdi-retail.html  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retailing_in_India  http://toostep.com/debate/what-is-impact-of-fdi-in-indian-market

16. Conclusion 16

Implication of FDI for business

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