This document provides an overview of the conflict in Sri Lanka and perspectives on reconciliation efforts. It discusses the roots of ethnic tensions between Sinhalese and Tamils, the rise of the LTTE separatist group, and the decades of war and insurgency that left over 65,000 dead. It also examines challenges to reconciliation like political impasse between key parties, divisions within Sri Lankan society, and opposing views on issues like federalism and addressing the past. The document concludes by considering ways to better integrate reconciliation into the peace process through knowledge, justice, reparations, and healing across communities in Sri Lanka.
The document discusses the political, economic, and social consequences of conflict in Sri Lanka from the Tamil perspective. Politically, armed conflict emerged as Tamils felt discriminated against and sought equal treatment. This attracted foreign intervention from India. Economically, there was high unemployment as the conflict disrupted the local economy and caused a loss of foreign investment and tourism revenue. Socially, thousands of Tamils became refugees, fleeing their homeland and living in overcrowded refugee camps in India and within Sri Lanka.
The document summarizes the ethnic conflict in Sri Lanka between the Sinhalese majority and Tamil minority groups. Tamils faced discrimination through laws prioritizing Sinhala language and culture and restricting Tamil access to education and jobs. This led to Tamil demands for autonomy and eventually independence, and the formation of the militant LTTE, fueling over 25 years of armed conflict. The conflict has had severe political, economic, and social consequences for Sri Lanka and its people.
The document provides background information on the ethnic conflict in Sri Lanka between the Sinhalese and Tamil populations. It discusses the demographics of Sri Lanka, highlighting the uneven distribution of ethnic groups. It then outlines four key reasons for the conflict: citizenship rights issues in the 1940s-50s, the 1956 Sinhala Only language policy, discrimination in university admissions after 1970, and government resettlement policies moving Sinhalese into Tamil areas from the 1950s. The consequences of the conflict included armed violence, unemployment, loss of investment, declining tourism, and displacement of Tamils. Foreign intervention from India attempted but failed to broker peace agreements.
The document provides an overview of the Sinhalese-Tamil conflict in Sri Lanka, covering citizenship rights, jobs in government service, university admission policies, resettlement of populations, and the consequences of the conflict including violence, unemployment, loss of investment, and foreign intervention. It also provides sample exam questions on assessing blame for the conflict between the Sri Lankan government, Tamil Tigers, and India's role.
The Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE), also known as the Tamil Tigers, is a paramilitary organization that has waged a campaign for a separate Tamil state in northern Sri Lanka since the 1970s. Led by Velupillai Prabhakaran, the LTTE is notorious for introducing suicide bombers, particularly female ones, and has carried out more suicide attacks than other terrorist groups combined. Members of the LTTE directly battle the Sri Lankan military using land, sea, and air forces in uniforms.
This document analyzes the economic impacts of the Arab Spring uprisings in Tunisia, Egypt, and Libya. It discusses the causes of the uprisings in each country, including high unemployment, food price inflation, and corruption. It then examines the economic effects, such as declines in GDP growth, tourism, and industrial production in Tunisia and Egypt following their revolutions. For Libya, it covers the ongoing civil war and international intervention, and analyzes impacts including rises in global oil and food prices, losses to Italian investments in Libya, and uncertainty around Libya's political and economic future.
Conflict resolution strategies applied in sri lankan peace processlakshi deepika
The document summarizes the conflict between the Sri Lankan government and Tamil Tigers from 1983 to 2009. It discusses the various actors and stages of the conflict, including the formation of the LTTE and issues of contention from the Tamil perspective. It then outlines several peace efforts and agreements over the years mediated by countries like India and Norway, including ceasefire agreements in 2002 and 2006. However, fighting continued and intensified until the Sri Lankan government declared victory over the LTTE in May 2009, ending the civil war. Post-conflict peacebuilding efforts are also discussed.
Chapter 4 - Consequences of Sri Lanka conflictGoh Bang Rui
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These slides are used to illustrate the consequences of Sri Lanka conflict between the Tamils and the Sinhalese. One of the consequences is the rise of the Tamil youths which organised themselves and form the infamous Tamil Tigers or Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE).
Any feedback is welcome. Thank you for viewing.
This document provides a summary of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict from the aftermath of World War 1 through the 2000s. It describes how the Ottoman Empire lost control of the Middle East after WWI and European powers divided the land. In 1947, the UN proposed dividing Palestine into Jewish and Arab states, but Arabs rejected the plan. Despite Arab opposition, Israel declared statehood in 1948 and defended itself during the subsequent war, expanding its territory. Ongoing tensions included the 1967 Six-Day War and 1973 Yom Kippur War. Some peace efforts occurred in the late 1970s and 1990s, but violence between Israel and Palestinian groups like Hamas and Hezbollah continued through the 2000s.
A Report in Soc. Sci. 417 (Selected Topics in Social Science) under Dr. Vima Olivares in Filamer Christian University, Roxas City, Philippines (Summer 2014)
This talk covers the modern history of Sri Lanka, its status as a developing country, the decades long conflict between the Sinhalese and the Tamils, and the current trajectory of the state given efforts to reform the government, promote post-conflict reconciliation, and spur economic development through foreign assistance.
The British returned to Singapore in September 1945 after the Japanese surrender, but the interim period was chaotic as locals looted Japanese shops and killed informers. A temporary British Military Administration government was established to maintain order and help reconstruction, but they faced many challenges, including food shortages, lack of public utilities, unemployment, destruction of housing, and poor public health. Education was also disrupted.
India and China have had a long relationship but also border disputes that have led to military conflicts, including the 1962 Sino-Indian War over Aksai Chin and the border between the two countries. The border is disputed in several areas such as Arunachal Pradesh and Aksai Chin, which China claims as part of Tibet. These disputes have continued to cause tensions between the two neighboring nuclear powers despite their long history and economic ties.
The document outlines the key principles of India's foreign policy as defined in the Constitution and historically implemented. The main principles are non-alignment, peaceful settlement of disputes, opposition to colonialism and racism, support for international law and justice, and the Panchsheel principles of mutual respect, non-aggression, non-interference, equality and cooperation. Non-alignment means maintaining independence and not joining any military alliances, instead taking independent stances. Foreign aid also aims to support the UN and global justice.
Thailand has a population of 63 million people who are relatively homogeneous. It was formerly an absolute monarchy until 1932 when a bloodless coup established a constitutional monarchy. In the 13th century, several Tai kingdoms emerged across Thailand and neighboring regions. The most celebrated early Tai state was the Kingdom of Sokhothai. In 1351, the Kingdom of Ayutthaya was established and became a major trading port, but was later destroyed by the Burmese in 1767. A new capital was established at Bangkok in 1782 and Thailand modernized under King Chulalongkorn in the late 19th century, though it lost some territory to Western powers. In 1932, another coup ended absolute monarchy
Political events that led to the creation of modern day Thailand, from pre-colonial times to the 2010s.
For our Southeast Asian Politics class (comparative politics).
Inspite of being next door neighbor Indo Sri Lanka relation has seen many ups and down. It is in our interest to live with peace and resolve specially Tamil Ethenic issue
The document provides background information on Sri Lanka, including its population, demographics, history of conflict, and key actors. It discusses the roots of ethnic tensions between Sinhalese and Tamils, the emergence of the LTTE as an armed separatist group, and events like the 1983 anti-Tamil pogrom that exacerbated violence and division. It also outlines various approaches to conflict transformation, the impacts of war on youth, and ideas for constructive youth activism and peacebuilding initiatives.
This document discusses the concept of political culture, which refers to the fundamental values, outlooks, and knowledge that shape politics in a given society. It covers several aspects of political culture, including civic culture, which balances participation with stability; post-materialism among educated youth; Huntington's theory of clashes between civilizations; the importance of elite political culture; and political culture in authoritarian states, which typically emphasizes security over self-expression. Contemporary trends shaping political cultures globally include democratization, marketization, and globalization.
This document summarizes a discussion between Mahalingam M. and Dr. Denison Jayasooria on issues related to the Malaysian Indian community and politics. Dr. Jayasooria compares the leadership styles of former and current heads of the Malaysian Indian Congress. He also comments on recent racial slurs in Malaysia, the growing racial divide under the current government, the destruction of historical Hindu-Buddhist sites, and the role of Puan Sri Janaky Athi Nahappan in the Malaysian independence struggle and MIC party.
Former Soliers Work By The Cwwpp 2008 08guest3ddc62
The Coalition for Work with Psychotrauma and Peace (CWWPP) is a non-profit organization that provides psychological assistance and education in Croatia and the Netherlands. It works to help individuals and groups affected by violence in the region, with a focus on former soldiers dealing with trauma. The CWWPP implements counseling programs and education courses on topics like conflict transformation. It takes a long-term approach to rehabilitation in communities impacted by war and discrimination in the Balkans region.
Ideology versus justice , democracy and future in sri lanka by udaya r. tenna...WendelinMatawaKeller
This document summarizes key aspects of Sri Lankan history, politics, and society that have contributed to ongoing conflicts around justice, democracy, and peace on the island. It notes that Sri Lanka can be viewed as having a post-colonial capitalist southern region dominated by Sinhalese ideology, and a neo-colonial northern and eastern region where Tamils remain marginalized. Major challenges to justice and democracy include the legacy of colonialism, the rise of Sinhala Buddhist nationalism, ethnic and land conflicts, authoritarian regimes, and the lack of a unified progressive opposition. Overcoming these deeply entrenched issues will require holistic and bottom-up approaches that meet basic human needs and promote identity, equity, and unity across divisions
This document summarizes the 1968 Olympics medal ceremony protest by Tommie Smith and John Carlos for racial equality. It discusses:
1) How Smith and Carlos wore black gloves and no shoes on the podium to protest racial discrimination, while Peter Norman of Australia supported them by wearing a human rights badge.
2) This protest drew attention to the ongoing Civil Rights Movement in the US which sought to end racial discrimination against African Americans from 1954 to 1968 through non-violent protests led by Martin Luther King Jr.
3) The protest was an important event that highlighted racial issues during a time of social upheaval and calls for social justice in the 1960s.
The document discusses the current state of affairs regarding the peace process in Sri Lanka. It notes that while the government is committed to peace talks, there is a lack of strategy and capacity in the negotiations. Civil society faces challenges from opposition groups but remains important to support peace, human rights, and democracy. International bans may have limited leverage, and a coordinated long-term plan is needed to support rights-based initiatives and engagement with all parties. Building capacity for political awareness and federalism can help sensitize the population and provide alternatives to military solutions.
The document provides background information on the peace negotiations between the Government of the Philippines (GPH) and the National Democratic Front (NDF). It notes that the insurgency problem has lasted 42 years, negotiations have spanned 24 years and 4 presidencies, and over 40 rounds of negotiations have occurred. Multiple agreements and joint statements have been signed, however there have also been 13 interruptions due to contentious issues. The current panel is the fifth to conduct the negotiations.
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
The document discusses several topics related to political culture and participation, including civic culture, political trust, generations and values, civilizations and religions, elite political culture, media development, media structures, media impact, participation in liberal democracies, women's political participation, and social movements. It provides definitions and explanations of these concepts, noting for example that civic culture refers to citizens' political attitudes, and elite political culture comprises the beliefs and values of influential political participants.
The Coalition for Work with Psychotrauma and Peace (CWWPP) is a non-profit organization that provides psychological assistance and education related to trauma recovery in Croatia and the Netherlands. The CWWPP's mission is to help individuals and communities affected by violence through counseling, education on conflict transformation, and long-term research and community programs. It focuses on the region around Vukovar, Croatia, which experienced significant ethnic violence and trauma during the Yugoslav wars of the 1990s. The CWWPP takes a holistic, community-based approach to rehabilitation through local education programs and direct psychological assistance regardless of ethnicity.
Achieving Peace And Ethnic Harmony Through Civil Society Activism Multi Trac...Scott Donald
This document summarizes a chapter from the book "Perspectives on National Integration in Sri Lanka" that discusses multi-track peacebuilding and national integration in Sri Lanka. It argues that Sri Lanka's civil society activism in peacebuilding has not fully utilized a multi-track approach by including all relevant groups and working towards shared goals between adversaries. A multi-track approach is effective for long-term peace by bringing different interest groups together through dialogue to work towards common objectives. However, Sri Lanka's peace process has not achieved this level of inclusion and consensus around goals. The chapter examines how integration and ethnic harmony have developed over time in Sri Lankan society and the factors that led to increasing polarization from the mid-1950s on
CWWPP Children And Youth Presentation Cwwpp 2008 08guest3ddc62
The Coalition for Work with Psychotrauma and Peace (CWWPP) is a non-profit organization providing psychological assistance and education in Croatia and the Netherlands. It works in the region of Vukovar, Croatia, which experienced significant violence and trauma during the Yugoslav wars of the 1990s. The CWWPP aims to help individuals and communities recover from trauma through counseling, education programs, and advocacy. It also conducts research on trauma and mental health challenges facing the region.
1. Belgium and Sri Lanka dealt with demands for power-sharing differently, which led to different outcomes.
2. In Belgium, the constitution was amended to recognize regional differences and facilitate power-sharing between Dutch and French-speaking communities. This helped avoid conflict and allowed for peaceful coexistence.
3. In Sri Lanka, the majority Sinhala community dominated government and imposed its language and culture on others. This alienated the Tamil minority and led to decades of civil war before a peaceful solution could be found.
[Ambassador Hassan] Speech: Presentation by Ambassador S. Azmat Hassan (Ret.)...GlobalPeaceFoundation
Date: Dec. 6th 2013
Session: Interfaith Partnerships: Faith and Diversity: Toward a Global Ethic for Inclusive and Moderate Societies
Speaker: Ambassador S. Azmat Hassan; Former Pakistani Ambassador to Malaysia, Syria and Morrocco, Islamic Republic of Pakistan
This document summarizes the historical treatment of Thai Muslims by the Thai state prior to 2000, factors that triggered the Muslim insurgency, and details of insurgencies that occurred in Yala, Pattani, and Narathiwat provinces. It discusses social inequality faced by Thai Muslims, prejudices leading to their discrimination, and the social, economic, and political factors contributing to tensions. It then compares the situations in Thailand and Singapore, and describes solutions addressed in Thailand and obstacles faced, including peace-building efforts, royal speeches promoting understanding, and the establishment of a National Reconciliation Commission.
The document discusses the historical treatment of Thai Muslims by the Thai state prior to 2000, factors that triggered a Muslim insurgency in southern Thailand, and details of insurgencies that occurred in the Yala, Pattani, and Narathiwat provinces. It analyzes social, economic, and political factors contributing to tensions, including policies that discouraged Malay identity, unequal treatment of Muslims, and lack of educational and employment opportunities. The document also outlines solutions attempted in Thailand to address the conflict, such as peace-building initiatives, royal speeches promoting understanding, and establishing a National Reconciliation Commission.
Communal riots are an indicator of socio-cultural difference existing between the communities
An event is identified as a communal riot if:
1) There is a violence.
2) Two or more communally different groups confront each other or members of the group at some point during the violence.
The document discusses power sharing in Belgium and Sri Lanka. In Belgium, the population is divided among Dutch, French, and German language groups. Tensions arose but the government amended the constitution four times between 1970-1993 to share power between communities and regions. This included equal representation and separate governments. In contrast, Sri Lanka's Sinhalese majority imposed their dominance over the Tamil minority, rejecting power sharing. This led to civil war as the Tamils demanded independence. The document argues power sharing is necessary to maintain unity and stability, as shown by the positive effects in Belgium and negative effects from the lack of power sharing in Sri Lanka.
The document discusses the historical treatment of Thai Muslims by the Thai state prior to 2000, factors that triggered a Muslim insurgency, and details of the insurgency in various southern Thai provinces. It notes that Thai Muslims faced policies that discouraged their Malay identity and unequal treatment. Social inequality, prejudices, and the dismantling of local administration by the Thai government exacerbated tensions. Attempts to address the conflict included peace-building efforts, royal speeches promoting understanding, and initiatives for education and emergency laws. However, discrimination and lack of representation remained obstacles to fully resolving issues.
Presentation on Reimagining Extremism: Context, culture, community and countrySanjana Hattotuwa
This document discusses reimagining extremism by examining it through the lenses of context, culture, community, and country. It explores how political entrepreneurs use disinformation and strategic socio-political investments to normalize deviance and instrumentalize anxiety, division, and doubt. While some effects may appear ephemeral, these actions can entrench extremism and normalize it in the long run by preying on vulnerabilities in families, democracy, and trust in institutions. The document cautions that addressing extremism requires understanding how ecologies of discontent take root and spread symbiotically through fluid dynamics like political "swarms" or "mobs".
Roles of media in peacebuilding & conflict generationSanjana Hattotuwa
Was invited by Associate Professor SungYong Lee at NCPACS to deliver a guest lecture to his 2021 MA class on media's role in peacebuilding violent conflict generation.
Are we collectively ruining democracy? Polarisation of thought and belief seems to be on the increase particularly in the online environment. Where people who think similarly move (or are pushed) towards more fixed or extreme views, it makes it harder for people to express opinions or suggest new ideas. How can we challenge it? This is an opportunity to talk about how groupthink is affecting our lives, and to discuss positive alternatives.
Peace processes after the pandemic: What role for technology?Sanjana Hattotuwa
Increasingly discussed today in the Global North, Information and Communications Technologies (ICTs) have featured in mediation processes in the Global South for close upon two decades. This bears mention in what are often discussions that appear to present or posit the use of ICTs in mediation as recent or somehow pegged to the advent and, today, ubiquity of social media. The challenges today are both similar and different to those that existed at the turn of the century. Transparency, agency and voice, central pillars of democracy, find expression, at ever increasing scale, scope, and speed, on social media. Conversely, new forms of spoiler dynamics, linked to in large part the manipulation of public discourse, also use social media as key vectors to incite violence, inflame hate and spread incendiary falsehoods. The dilemma facing mediation today is one of having to deal with vectors of information production that lie entirely beyond the remit of the Chatham House rule, rules of confidential engagement, and the sandboxing needed to incubate fragile processes and relationships. Mediators are bombarded with information they must make sense of, and this sense-making process is itself often under-valued in modern day mediation. The confusion leads to (understandable, yet misplaced) anxiety, which often finds expression in suspicion and scepticism around the role, reach and relevance of ICTs in mediation processes.
Additionally, the post-Coronavirus landscape brings with it added challenges. If physical meetings are no longer viable for the foreseeable future, a key question is how the rich, sensory experience, relational depth, non-verbal cues, physical contact and the security of verbal communication in a closed-door environment can be replicated, and to what degree, through virtually mediated environments. Aside from the obvious cyber-security concerns are also psycho-social, cognitive, socio-cultural, gendered challenges in mediation processes that will be predominantly anchored to online technologies, including social media apps, products, and platforms. Questions asked by Hattotuwa in 2018 are even more relevant in the long-shadow of Covid-19, in addition to others borne out of global and local circumstances that a few months ago seemed unimaginable. How can social media and ICTs help? What is important to focus on, and what are some dangers of today’s conflict landscape beyond the headlines? What questions should mediators ask in order to avoid the more uncommon pitfalls of incorporating ICTs in negotiations processes? Fundamentally, how will conflict transformation, anchored to mediation, change in a post-Coronavirus world where travel and meetings will be severely restricted, or no longer possible to do discreetly? More fundamentally, how can and should expectations from, models of and approaches to mediation change, post-pandemic, in a world increasingly mediated (no pun intended) through social media?
Beyond the global reset: Towards pandemic panopticons or something radically ...Sanjana Hattotuwa
On the invitation of Christina Goodness, Chief Information Management Officer at the Departments of Peacebuilding, Political and Peace Operations DPPA-DPO, United Nations, the ICT4Peace Foundation's Sanjana Hattotuwa gave a presentation titled 'Beyond the global reset: Towards pandemic panopticons or something radically new?' as part of the '(un)data Seminar Series on Outrageous Questions'.
Details and overview at https://ict4peace.org/activities/post-coronavirus-towards-pandemic-panopticons-or-something-radically-new/
This document discusses some of the challenges of truth and transparency in today's digital world. It touches on topics like deepfakes, anonymity online, manipulation of users through algorithms and privacy, radicalization, and the illusion of choice and engagement provided by social media. It argues for more grounded research on how social platforms actually function and could be regulated to focus on duties of care, privacy and health rather than just growth and profits. Overall it examines issues around verifying truth online and finding common ground amid increasing political and social polarization.
This document discusses the challenges of regulating and shaping violent conflict in the modern era. It notes issues like the engineered and constant nature of conflicts, the invisibility of media manipulation, and the weaponization of algorithms. It questions the role, reach and relevance of organizations like the UN in peacekeeping, and argues that the Global South should be seen as agentive actors rather than just voiceless victims in discussions around conflict.
«From the burning of the Notre Dame in Paris to heinous terrorism in Sri Lanka and Christchurch, social media inextricably is entwined with how billions see or engage with the world.»
More details at https://ict4peace.org/activities/full-video-slidedeck-of-lecture-from-christchurch-to-sri-lanka-the-curious-case-of-social-media/
Social media and pervasive technology may impact closed-door, high-level peace negotiations in the future as radical transparency increases. Livestreams from negotiations could influence fragile societies undergoing discussions about identity and resources. Additionally, digital natives may approach justice, reconciliation, and outcomes differently than past frameworks. Overall, social media presents challenges like the potential weaponization of the technology, but it also provides opportunities such as using big data for context on the underlying drivers of conflict and peace.
Presentation delivered at the Zentrum für Internationale Friedenseinsätze gGmbH (Centre for International Peace Operations) based in Berlin, Germany, as part of an event to celebrate 15 years since its inception on 28 June 2017.
Human Rights & ICTs. A presentation delivered on 1 April 2017 to Amnesty International's 2017 Chairs Assembly and Director's Forum (CADF), held in Colombo, Sri Lanka.
The document discusses issues around surveillance, privacy, and ethics in the digital age. It notes that personal data is increasingly being collected and stored by governments and companies without proper oversight or user consent. New laws allow intelligence agencies to access people's web browsing histories and communication data. Maintaining privacy has become difficult as technology advances and more entities seek to gather and leverage people's digital information for surveillance or other purposes. Overall it raises concerns about how surveillance has become normalized and privacy eroded in today's digital world.
I was recently asked to put together a presentation on the fake news phenomenon for discussions with leading journalists and media institutions in a developing country, with extremely poor media literacy but strong growth around social media use, on how to both identify misleading content and also stem its flow, reach and influence.
Download the full presentation as a PowerPoint (with embedded videos) or as an Apple Keynote file, here - https://drive.google.com/open?id=0Bxbk4wYolphwcVk4bV85aEFtYXc
Gave a short presentation at the Sri Lanka Press Institute (SLPI) on 26th October on drone journalism, as part of the excellent OneSriLanka Journalism Fellowship programme, supported by Internews.
Digital transformation and the role of civil society in Sri LankaSanjana Hattotuwa
The Friedrich-Naumann-Stiftung für die Freiheit Regional office South Asia organized a regional seminar on "Promoting Liberty Digitally" in Sri Lanka from 15th to 17th October 2016. I was asked to speak on "Digital transformation and the role of Civil Society in Sri Lanka" and to be present at a group discussion on "Civil rights and the Internet".
Global Cybersecurity Agencies Issue Joint Advisory on APT40 Cyber Espionage T...CyberPro Magazine
✔Global Cybersecurity Agencies Issue Joint Advisory on APT40 Cyber Espionage Threat
Australia, Canada, Germany, Japan, New Zealand, South Korea, the U.K., and the U.S. have issued a joint advisory highlighting the persistent threat posed by APT40 Cyber Espionage , for more information read
For More Information
📕Read- https://cybrpro.com/apt40-cyber-espionage/
and get insights
16072024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
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19072024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
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PepNewz - Stay connected to the rest of the worldPepNewz
Stay connected with PepNewz, your go-to source for the latest and critical news on entertainment, technology, politics, lifestyle, business, sports, auto, and more. Our platform offers up-to-date political news and Bollywood latest updates, all in one place. For those who enjoy a bit of extra flair, our Peppy news corner delivers just the right amount of spice. We also welcome bloggers to submit guest posts and articles on various topics, making PepNewz one of the top guest posting sites. Stay informed and engaged with PepNewz, the most authentic news source!
February 2024 Issue of Newtown News of InterestJohnMackNewtown
Welcome to the VIDEO EDITION of the February 2024 News of Interest e-newsletter. This version includes updates to some of the stories covered in the 2 February 2024 email version. This issue includes Borscht Deli Neon Sign Appeal Denied, Grant Awarded for Pedestrian Safety Improvements, Reportable Traffic Accidents Up More Than 100%, New Indian Restaurant Coming While Another is Going, Peaceful Anti and Pro Israel Demonstrations, more...
13072024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
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February 17, 2024, Meet Mack Monday Zoom MeetingJohnMackNewtown
The goal of Meet Mack Monday Zoom meetings is to inform residents of township issues that impact them and to get feedback and comments from residents about such issues. This helps me keep better informed of residents’ concerns when I vote on the issues at Board of Supervisors meetings. this meeting focused on LED Streetlight Project – What’s the Savings? Trash Collection Rising Rates – Time for a Change Borscht Belt Neon Sign Decision Update, Newtown Place Apartments – Revised Plan, Single-Use Plastics Ban – What You Need to Know, Bucks NAACP Race & Policing Report Briefing Summary, Mack’s Pothole Patrol: If You See Something, Say Something! Human Relations Commission Report: Proposed Mural Project, What’s With Wawa on Bypass?
March 25, 2024, Meet Mack Monday Zoom MeetingJohnMackNewtown
The goal of Meet Mack Monday Zoom meetings is to inform residents of township issues that impact them and to get feedback and comments from residents about such issues. This helps me keep better informed of residents’ concerns when I vote on the issues at Board of Supervisors meetings. This meeting covered License Plate Reader Cameras Approved, Newtown Artesian Water PFAS Filtration Plan, Roberts Ridge Park Lawn to Meadow Conversion, Proposed Durham Rd Day Care & Medical Buildings, Dealing with Trash on the Trail , Comprehensive Plan Update, Washington Crossing Bridge Replacement Plan, Problems with the LDR Trail Guiderail
Right to Know Request Responses from WoodsvilleRich Bergeron
Text Messages between Woodsville Administrator Kevin Shelton and Haverhill Select Board Members Kevin Knapp, and Steve Robbins. Related to right to know request filed by www.planbjustice.com
April 19, 2024, Meet Mack Monday Zoom MeetingJohnMackNewtown
The goal of Meet Mack Monday Zoom meetings is to inform residents of township issues that impact them and to get feedback and comments from residents about such issues. This helps me keep better informed of residents’ concerns when I vote on the issues at Board of Supervisors meetings. This meeting focused on Chick-fil-A on the Bypass Update, Plastic Bag Ban Begins, Re-Revised Corners at Newtown Housing Plan, Comprehensive Plan Housing Analysis, Washington Crossing Bridge Replacement – BOS Response, Debt Service Loan RFP – LED Streetlights & Additional Road Paving, “Dolington Deep Ditch” Along LDR Trail
14072024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
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15072024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
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3. Country details Population – 19 million Land area – 62, 705km 2 (QLD 1,722,000 km 2, or 27 times larger!) Literacy – 91% Life expectancy – 72 years 74% Sinhalese Buddhists, 12% Tamil Hindus, 5% Muslims and 7% Christians
6. Overview of conflict 65,000 dead (+ around 31,000 from tsunami) 400,000 IDPs Devastated the economy, livelihoods Traumatised societies (Tamil, Muslim, Sinhala) Religious violence (Buddhist / Evangelical Christian / Muslim extremism)
7. February 2002 – Ceasefire Agreement (CFA) Six Rounds of Peace Talks (2002 – 2003) / Reconciliation never on agenda LTTE pulls out of talks in May 2003 Constitutional imbroglio – change of government in April 2004 Overview of conflict
9. The Actors State Non- State Mediator Sinhala aristocracy / President LTTE ideologue & leader Norway
10. The roots In the first half of the 20th century, Sri Lanka (then Ceylon) was considered something of a model of political tranquility and social development. At independence in 1948, power was transferred in very orderly fashion to a conservative, Anglicised native elite.
11. The roots 1956 - The Official Language Act makes Sinhala the sole medium of state affairs. Communal violence kills an estimated 150 people, mostly Tamils. 1961 - The 1956 'Sinhala Only' Act is implemented. Disillusioned activists express secessionist aspirations. 1971 - Educational 'standardisation' leads to higher university entrance requirements for Tamil speakers. Many Tamil students are instantly radicalised. 1972 - The 'district quota' system is introduced for university entrance. 1978 - Buddhism enshrined as State religion in Art. 2 of the constitution
12. LTTE The Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam is an armed group capable of sustainable guerrilla actions, terrorist attacks, and also fighting large conventional battles. It has a tight organizational structure (military and political) under the control of one person, and it is completely disciplined. It has systematically eliminated other Tamil militant groups, controls territory in the north and east of Sri Lanka, and runs a parallel government (with a police force, judicial system, and other structures). It has extensive international linkages and has created a worldwide business empire. For example, the LTTE has extensive shipping interests that are used for the delivery of weapons to the LTTE in Sri Lanka. It has broad support from Tamil people living in Sri Lanka, and from the Tamil Diaspora. It has an effective publicity and propaganda program, which can rapidly mobilize political, economic, and financial support of the Tamil diaspora. It is proscribed as a terrorist organization in Sri Lanka, and by a few other countries.
14. Pogrom - 1983 The riots, which began in Colombo, spread to other areas where Sri Lankan and Indian Tamils were concentrated. Within Colombo alone, nearly 100,000 Tamils were displaced. The Government admitted to a death toll of 250, but reliable non-governmental sources estimated it at 2,000. There was hardly any Tamil family in Colombo that escaped death, destruction or displacement. The communal holocaust was an awful turning point in Sri Lanka's recent history.
15. Pogrom - 1983 Voters lists Welikanda prison massacre State complicity / catastrophic failure of political leadership
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20. War and Insurgency Massive trauma, loss of life Wider ethnic divide No trust, polarised communities Very little people to people contact Media stereotypes Zero sum politics, garrison nationalism Familiar litany of issues…
22. Within and between Sinhala / Tamil Buddhist / non-Buddhist South / North-East Local / diaspora Youth / ancienne regime
23. Voices / dialogues / debates / discussions within & between these sections of polity and society Grassroots Sinhala / Tamil / Muslim Urban / Rural / South / NE Buddhist / Christian / Muslim Youth / older generation
24. Should Sri Lanka remember? There are many arguments as to why the past should not be explored, investigated or uncovered. It is argued that uncovering past can de-rail peace initiatives and cause further violence. If unmanaged, the realisation of uncovering the past can be more psychologically painful than leaving it undisturbed. Youth bear no responsibility for past violence
25. ¿Nunca Mas? Sustainable and just peace in Sri Lanka is not possible without reconciliation. Infusing a relationship / reconciliation focus to the negotiations process will reap enormous tactical and strategic benefits. Help build trust and respect. Trickle down effect, improving relations among and between different communities.
26. The problems Key parties to the conflict Internal divisions Top heavy peace process Christian notion Buddhist clergy – The Sangha Impasse
27. Key parties to the conflict Govt. not interested in cross-sectoral & holistic dialogues with commitment to addressing structural inequality LTTE not interested – maintaining political hegemony more important Incumbent coalition partner not interested Opposition not interested Civil society divided Lack of awareness and support for grassroots initiatives Donor disinterest
29. The Sangha Heavily influenced by Sinhalese nationalist ideology – a past with a unified Sinhala-speaking people, who were egalitarian in their social relations, farmed their paddy fields, and lived in austere simplicity and in accordance with Buddhist morality. After independence, time to go back to this past and cure the ravages of colonialism, Christian influence and western immorality.
30. The Sangha Anti-conversion bill vs. secular Buddhism Militant Sangha – “over my dead body” rhetoric Voice in parliament Plural / multifaceted Core values of non-violence & compassion exist with just war
32. The Sangha High support for peace Very low support for federalism (which is equated with secession) Highly symbolic in Sinhalese politics & society No peace process will last without engaging them No peace agreement can be signed without their majority consent
33. Christian / Western imperialism Reconciliation as Christian / Western construct Destroying Buddhist social fabric of Sri Lanka Linked to anti-NGO rhetoric Turning the page vs. reconciliation Reconciliation as Western conspiracy to create ethnic conflict
34. Internal divisions Too early Too late Too much Too little Post-conflict vs. mainstream in the peace process South vs. North-East vs. Diaspora
35. Reconciliation as ‘soft’ issue Lack of Track 1 interest Relegated to Track 3 Post-conflict activity vs. mainstreaming in the peace process Of lesser important than ‘hard’ issues of power sharing, development, demilitarisation, constitutional reform etc.
36. Restorative justice Restorative justice focuses on transforming wrongdoing by healing the harm, particularly to relationships, that is created by harmful behavior. The primary stakeholders in restorative justice processes are the person(s) who caused the harm (offender), the person(s) harmed (victim), and the affected community. By collectively identifying and addressing harms, needs, and obligations resulting from wrongdoing, we are able to create healing and put things right again. Emphasis on social relationships and restoration of order under-girded by a strong sense of social justice
38. President’s Apology - 2004 “ Every citizen in this country should collectively accept the blame and make an apology to the tens of thousands who suffered. I would like to assign to myself that task on behalf of the State of Sri Lanka, the government and on behalf of all of us; all the citizens of Sri Lanka to extend that apology.” First apology for incidents of ‘Black July’ in 1983
39. Politics of apology Why? Breakdown of talks Political instability / deadlock Addressing structural issues or political pawn? Timing At the beginning of peace talks / peace process Mainstreamed into peace talks vs. single apology
40. Politics of apology Does blame on all citizens negate justice for the real architects of the pogrom? Process vs. speech Partisan nature of Presidential Truth Commission Follow up Progressive political will
41. Past attempts Presidential Truth Commission Disappearances Commission RRR National Plan for Reconciliation Government of Reconciliation
43. Ways forward? How do you move forward with reconciliation in the face of political impasse? (Lit. concentrates on post-conflict reconciliation) How do you integrate reconciliation into the peace process and interim institutional structures? How does one address: Knowledge and acknowledgement Justice and redress Reparation Healing Memory
44. Reconciliation + Our understanding of reconciliation must not be limited to improving relations between the Sinhala and Tamil communities Extend to all communities, religions, identity groups Socio-political relations Intra-ethnic relations (the JVP pogrom) Gender relations
