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SlideShare a Scribd company logo
Introduction to
Performance & Load
With k6
Leandro Melendez
Performance Advocate, k6
Who am I?
❑Leandro AKA Señor Performo
❑DevRel Perf @k6_io
❑Blog (www.srperf.com)
❑Host of PerfBytes
❑Youtube
❑Book Author
Performance
and load
testing?
“Performance testing:
validate and verify
how fast and efficient
is the SW under
different scenarios”
Workshop: Introduction to Performance and Load Testing with k6
Performance
Testing
Load testing Synthetics
RUM SRE
Single thread Much more…
“Load testing is the
process of putting
demand on a system
and measuring its
response”
Answers from performance testing
Load Reliability Observability
In which
conditions my
system reaches its
limits and breaks?
How does my
system’s
performance
evolve over the
time?
Can my system
handle the
target load?
Performance
How fast and
efficient
is my
system?
Modern teams shifting performance testing left & right
Testing frequency
Release frequency
What to test
How is performance testing
initiated
When to test
Who is responsible for
performance testing
OLD WAY
Quarterly or biannually
QA
Load tests through user stories
Manually
Before releases
After all Dev and QA, right before release
NEW WAY
Weekly
Developers, QA/SDET, SRE
Continuously: at code check-in,
nightly/weekly, when infra changes, before
releases
Multiple scenarios through user stories,
services, infrastructure
Automatically and continuously as part of
CI/CD
Continuously through the SDLC and in prod
What are the incentives Misaligned between functions Aligned incentives of SLOs & Error budgets
k6.io
What is k6?
1
2
3
4
An Open Source load testing tool
Programmable
Simple, yet powerful
Extensible and easy to use
“Although it's easy to get started with k6 all on its
own, it really shines with its ease of integration
into a developer ecosystem.” Thoughtworks
Extensible? Wha dat?
Output Testing Misc
ChaiJS
xk6-mock
xk6-cache
xk6-cognito
etc
xk6-disruptor
xk6-crypto
xk6-docker
xk6-ethereum
etc
xk6-prometheus
xk6-datadog
xk6-es
xk6-file
etc
Protocols
xk6-Browser
xk6-sql
xk6-tcp
xk6-smtp
etc
Perf
concepts
Automated Measure
Manual
Ways to perf test
Many Several
1 user
What to perf test
Protocol Back End
Front End
Automation types
Protocol Back End
Front End
Automation types
VU Iterations Metrics
Options
More concepts
Simulating user
flows and workload
modeling, adding
think time
Setting SLOs for the
system under load
Using dynamically
generated or
random values
Scenarios Thresholds Test data
More concepts
Intermission
Let’s get
k6!
brew install k6
winget install k6
Scripting
A simple script
Workshop: Introduction to Performance and Load Testing with k6
A more
realistic
example
Hands
on!
$ k6 run [script.js]
Run k6
But wait, there’s more! Options
k6 run --[Option] [optionValue] [script.js]
k6 run --[Option1] [optionValue] [script.js]
$ k6 run [script.js]
Test, VUs, scenarios, instances, etc
Run k6
But wait, there’s more! Options
k6 run --[Option] [optionValue] [script.js]
k6 run --[Option1] [optionValue] [script.js]
$ k6 run [script.js]
Test, VUs, scenarios, instances, etc
$ k6 run --vus 10 --duration 30s script.js
Run k6
Counters - sum values
Gauges - track the smallest, largest, and latest values
Rates - track how frequently a non-zero value occurs
Trends - calculate statistics for multiple values
Metrics
Output
k6.io/docs/using-k6/metrics/
Trend
k6.io/docs/using-k6/metrics/
Trend
Rate
k6.io/docs/using-k6/metrics/
Counter
Trend
Rate
k6.io/docs/using-k6/metrics/
Counter
Trend
Rate
Gauges
k6.io/docs/using-k6/metrics/
import http from 'k6/http';
import { Trend } from 'k6/metrics';
const myTrend = new Trend('waiting_time');
export default function () {
const r = http.get('https://httpbin.test.k6.io');
myTrend.add(r.timings.waiting);
console.log(myTrend.name); // waiting_time
}
Custom Metrics!
Output
Metrics and results output
Local LG
CSV & JSON
External
services
Prometheus
Grafana Cloud
k6 Cloud
Amzn CW
InfluxDb
DataDog
New Relic
etc
Visualizations
Team
$ k6 run 
--out json=test.json 
--out influxdb=http://localhost:8086/k6
$ k6 run --out json=test_results.gz script.js
Send results elsewhere
Output
Checks - validate boolean conditions in
your test.
Checks & Thresholds
Thresholds - pass/fail criteria that you
define for your test metrics
import { check } from 'k6';
import http from 'k6/http';
export default function () {
const res = http.get('http://test.k6.io/');
check(res, {
'is status 200': (r) => r.status === 200,
});
}
Check HTTP response
Check
import { check } from 'k6';
import http from 'k6/http';
export default function () {
const res = http.get('http://test.k6.io/');
check(res, {
'verify homepage text': (r) =>
r.body.includes('Collection of simple'),
});
}
Check for text in response body
Check
export const options = {
thresholds: {
metric_name1: ['threshold_expression', `...`], // short format
metric_name2: [
{
threshold: 'threshold_expression',
abortOnFail: true, // boolean
delayAbortEval: '10s', // string
},
], // full format
},
};
Syntax
Threshold
import http from 'k6/http';
export const options = {
thresholds: {
http_req_failed: ['rate<0.01'], // http errors should be less than 1%
},
};
export default function () {
http.get('https://test-api.k6.io/public/crocodiles/1/');
}
HTTP errors
Threshold
import http from 'k6/http';
export const options = {
thresholds: {
http_req_failed: ['rate<0.01'], // http errors should be less than 1%
http_req_duration: ['p(95)<200'], // 95% of requests should be below 200ms
},
};
export default function () {
http.get('https://test-api.k6.io/public/crocodiles/1/');
}
HTTP errors and response duration
Threshold
Much more!
Workshop: Introduction to Performance and Load Testing with k6
● k6:
k6.io / github.com/grafana/k6
● Documentation k6:
k6.io/docs
● k6-Learn initiative:
github/grafana/k6-learn
● k6 in youtube:
youtube.com/@k6io
● k6 awesome & examples:
github/grafana/k6-learn
github/grafana/k6/samples k6.io/slack grafana/k6 community.k6.io
k6 Resources
Workshop: Introduction to Performance and Load Testing with k6

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Workshop: Introduction to Performance and Load Testing with k6

  • 1. Introduction to Performance & Load With k6 Leandro Melendez Performance Advocate, k6
  • 2. Who am I? ❑Leandro AKA Señor Performo ❑DevRel Perf @k6_io ❑Blog (www.srperf.com) ❑Host of PerfBytes ❑Youtube ❑Book Author
  • 4. “Performance testing: validate and verify how fast and efficient is the SW under different scenarios”
  • 6. Performance Testing Load testing Synthetics RUM SRE Single thread Much more…
  • 7. “Load testing is the process of putting demand on a system and measuring its response”
  • 8. Answers from performance testing Load Reliability Observability In which conditions my system reaches its limits and breaks? How does my system’s performance evolve over the time? Can my system handle the target load? Performance How fast and efficient is my system?
  • 9. Modern teams shifting performance testing left & right Testing frequency Release frequency What to test How is performance testing initiated When to test Who is responsible for performance testing OLD WAY Quarterly or biannually QA Load tests through user stories Manually Before releases After all Dev and QA, right before release NEW WAY Weekly Developers, QA/SDET, SRE Continuously: at code check-in, nightly/weekly, when infra changes, before releases Multiple scenarios through user stories, services, infrastructure Automatically and continuously as part of CI/CD Continuously through the SDLC and in prod What are the incentives Misaligned between functions Aligned incentives of SLOs & Error budgets
  • 10. k6.io What is k6? 1 2 3 4 An Open Source load testing tool Programmable Simple, yet powerful Extensible and easy to use “Although it's easy to get started with k6 all on its own, it really shines with its ease of integration into a developer ecosystem.” Thoughtworks
  • 11. Extensible? Wha dat? Output Testing Misc ChaiJS xk6-mock xk6-cache xk6-cognito etc xk6-disruptor xk6-crypto xk6-docker xk6-ethereum etc xk6-prometheus xk6-datadog xk6-es xk6-file etc Protocols xk6-Browser xk6-sql xk6-tcp xk6-smtp etc
  • 14. Many Several 1 user What to perf test
  • 15. Protocol Back End Front End Automation types
  • 16. Protocol Back End Front End Automation types
  • 18. Simulating user flows and workload modeling, adding think time Setting SLOs for the system under load Using dynamically generated or random values Scenarios Thresholds Test data More concepts
  • 26. $ k6 run [script.js] Run k6
  • 27. But wait, there’s more! Options k6 run --[Option] [optionValue] [script.js] k6 run --[Option1] [optionValue] [script.js] $ k6 run [script.js] Test, VUs, scenarios, instances, etc Run k6
  • 28. But wait, there’s more! Options k6 run --[Option] [optionValue] [script.js] k6 run --[Option1] [optionValue] [script.js] $ k6 run [script.js] Test, VUs, scenarios, instances, etc $ k6 run --vus 10 --duration 30s script.js Run k6
  • 29. Counters - sum values Gauges - track the smallest, largest, and latest values Rates - track how frequently a non-zero value occurs Trends - calculate statistics for multiple values Metrics Output
  • 35. import http from 'k6/http'; import { Trend } from 'k6/metrics'; const myTrend = new Trend('waiting_time'); export default function () { const r = http.get('https://httpbin.test.k6.io'); myTrend.add(r.timings.waiting); console.log(myTrend.name); // waiting_time } Custom Metrics! Output
  • 36. Metrics and results output Local LG CSV & JSON External services Prometheus Grafana Cloud k6 Cloud Amzn CW InfluxDb DataDog New Relic etc Visualizations Team
  • 37. $ k6 run --out json=test.json --out influxdb=http://localhost:8086/k6 $ k6 run --out json=test_results.gz script.js Send results elsewhere Output
  • 38. Checks - validate boolean conditions in your test. Checks & Thresholds Thresholds - pass/fail criteria that you define for your test metrics
  • 39. import { check } from 'k6'; import http from 'k6/http'; export default function () { const res = http.get('http://test.k6.io/'); check(res, { 'is status 200': (r) => r.status === 200, }); } Check HTTP response Check
  • 40. import { check } from 'k6'; import http from 'k6/http'; export default function () { const res = http.get('http://test.k6.io/'); check(res, { 'verify homepage text': (r) => r.body.includes('Collection of simple'), }); } Check for text in response body Check
  • 41. export const options = { thresholds: { metric_name1: ['threshold_expression', `...`], // short format metric_name2: [ { threshold: 'threshold_expression', abortOnFail: true, // boolean delayAbortEval: '10s', // string }, ], // full format }, }; Syntax Threshold
  • 42. import http from 'k6/http'; export const options = { thresholds: { http_req_failed: ['rate<0.01'], // http errors should be less than 1% }, }; export default function () { http.get('https://test-api.k6.io/public/crocodiles/1/'); } HTTP errors Threshold
  • 43. import http from 'k6/http'; export const options = { thresholds: { http_req_failed: ['rate<0.01'], // http errors should be less than 1% http_req_duration: ['p(95)<200'], // 95% of requests should be below 200ms }, }; export default function () { http.get('https://test-api.k6.io/public/crocodiles/1/'); } HTTP errors and response duration Threshold
  • 46. ● k6: k6.io / github.com/grafana/k6 ● Documentation k6: k6.io/docs ● k6-Learn initiative: github/grafana/k6-learn ● k6 in youtube: youtube.com/@k6io ● k6 awesome & examples: github/grafana/k6-learn github/grafana/k6/samples k6.io/slack grafana/k6 community.k6.io k6 Resources