Agha, shaikh, and state : the social and political structures of Kurdistan

PrefaceIntroductionHow this book came to be writtenSubject of this studyA note on the written sources1. General Information on KurdistanGeographyGeopolitical situationPopulationOther economic activities: crafts/industries and tradesLanguageReligionThe Kurdish national movement, 1960-85Iranian Kurdistan and the Islamic RevolutionThe Iran-Iraq war and the KurdsSaddam Hussein's solution to the Kurdish questionRecent changes in Turkey's attitude2. Tribes, Chieftains and Non-tribal GroupsThe tribe and its subdivisionsKurdish termsBlood feud and other conflictsHigher than the tribe?Leadership and conflictsLeadership: titles and functionsThe guest-houseEconomic aspects: tribute to the aghaLeadership situation among a number of different tribesPower as a process: the colonization of the northern JaziraSubject 'non-tribal' peasantry and their relations with tribal KurdsThe guran and the GuranNomads and peasants: one or two peoples?Conclusion3. Tribes and the StateIntroductionThe incorporation of Kurdistan into the Ottoman EmpireThe political history of some Kurdish emiratesAdministrative organization of Ottoman Kurdistan in the sixteenthcenturyInternal organization of the Kurdish emiratesPolitical changes in the nineteenth centuryThe rise of Bedr Khan Beg and the fall of the emirate of BotanThe new land code and its effectsThe establishment of Kurdish tribal militias: the HamidiyeMustafa Pasha of the MiranIbrahim Pasha of the MilanChanges in the early twentieth centuryConclusions4. Shaikhs: mystics, saints and politiciansIntroductory remarksGod incarnateDervish and sufi ordersSufi and dervish orders: organized popular mysticismThe history of the Qadiri order as an exampleQadiri shaikhs in KurdistanThe Naqshbandi tariqa and the Naqshbandi orderWhy did the Naqshbandi order spread so rapidly?Rituals of the Qadiri orderThe Naqshbandi ritualShaikh and khalifa: relations with other shaikhsThe shaikh and his followersMillenarianismDecline of the shaikhs' influenceIslamic revival: the Nurcu movement5. Shaikh Said's RevoltIntroductionHistory of Kurdish national consciousnessThe end of the Ottoman Empire and the birth of the Republic of TurkeyThe first Kurdish political organizationsShaikh Said's revoltExternal and internal support for the revoltThe Naqshbandi order and the revoltThe religious versus the nationalist character of the revolt