Volume 22, Number 9—September 2016
Synopsis
Clinical Features of and Risk Factors for Fatal Ebola Virus Disease, Moyamba District, Sierra Leone, December 2014–February 2015
Table 1
Characteristic | Patients† |
OR (95% CI) | p value‡ | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total, N = 31 | Died, n = 18 | Survived, n = 13 | |||
Demographic characteristics | |||||
Sex | |||||
M | 14 (45) | 12 (67) | 2 (15) | 11.0 (2.1–57.0) | 0.007 |
F | 17 (55) | 6 (35) | 11 (65) | 0.009 (0.02–0.5) | |
Age group, y | |||||
<15 | 6 (19) | 4 (22) | 2 (15) | 2.0 (0.25–16.3) | 0.565§ |
15–44 | 19 (61) | 11 (61) | 8 (62) | 1.4 (0.26–7.1) | NA |
>45 | 6 (19) | 3 (17) | 3 (23) | 1 | NA |
Healthcare workers |
0 (0) |
0 |
0 |
NA |
NA |
Length of incubation, median d (range)¶ |
8 (1–17) |
7 (1–10) |
8.5 (5–17) |
NA |
0.059# |
Time from symptom onset to admission, median d (range)** |
3 (0–23) |
2 (0–17) |
4.5 (1–23) |
NA |
0.006# |
Time from symptom onset to death/discharge, median d (range)** |
10 (2–45) |
6 (2–18) |
19.5 (12–45) |
NA |
<0.001# |
Signs and symptoms | |||||
Weakness | 30 (97) | 18 (100) | 12 (92) | NA | 0.210 |
Diarrhea | 21 (68) | 15 (83) | 6 (46) | 5.8 (1.2–25.0) | 0.036 |
Fever | 19 (61) | 12 (67) | 7 (54) | 1.7 (0.42–7.4) | 0.597 |
Loss of appetite | 19 (61) | 12 (67) | 7 (54) | 1.7 (0.42–7.4) | 0.597 |
Vomiting | 18 (58) | 12 (67) | 6 (46) | 2.3 (0.60–11.0) | 0.216 |
Red eyes | 13 (42) | 9 (50) | 4 (31) | 2.3 (0.55–8.3) | 0.378 |
Nausea | 8 (26) | 4 (22) | 4 (31) | 0.64 (0.16–2.7) | 0.551 |
Dysphagia | 8 (26) | 5 (28) | 3 (23) | 1.3 (0.22–5.7) | 0.845 |
Hiccups | 2 (6) | 2 (11) | 0 | NA | 0.332 |
Pain | |||||
Overall | 29 (94) | 18 (100) | 11 (85) | NA | 0.084 |
Muscle pain | 19 (61) | 10 (56) | 9 (69) | 0.56 (0.15–2.2) | 0.373 |
Joint pain | 17 (55) | 10 (56) | 7 (54) | 1.1 (0.27–4.1) | 0.858 |
Headache | 17 (55) | 11 (61) | 6 (46) | 1.8 (0.48–7.7) | 0.378 |
Abdominal pain | 14 (45) | 9 (50) | 5 (38) | 1.6 (0.42–7.3) | 0.599 |
Chest pain | 7 (23) | 3 (17) | 4 (31) | 0.45 (0.10–2.1) | 0.302 |
Pain requiring opiates | 19 (61) | 16 (89) | 3 (23) | 27 (3.9–144.0) | <0.001 |
Bleeding manifestations | |||||
At admission | 11 (35) | 8 (44) | 3 (23) | 2.7 (0.61–11.0) | 0.202 |
In feces | 5 (16) | 5 (28) | 0 | NA | 0.033 |
From mouth | 2 (6) | 1 (6) | 1 (8) | 0.71 (0.04–14.0) | 0.748 |
From eyes | 1 (3) | 0 | 1 (8) | 0.0 (0–6.5) | 0.210 |
From genitals | 3 (10) | 1 (6) | 2 (15) | 0.32 (0.02–3.2) | 0.401 |
From puncture sites | 1 (3) | 1 (6) | 0 | NA | 0.710 |
Any time during hospitalization | 17 (55) | 14 (78) | 3 (23) | 12 (2.3–50.0) | 0.002 |
In feces | 13 (42) | 13 (72) | 0 | NA | <0.001 |
From mouth | 9 (29) | 8 (44) | 1 (8) | 9.6 (1.2–114.0) | 0.031 |
From eyes | 4 (13) | 3 (17) | 1 (8) | 2.4 (0.31–33.0) | 0.452 |
From genitals | 6 (19) | 4 (22) | 2 (15) | 1.6 (0.29–9.3) | 0.838 |
From puncture sites |
7 (23) |
7 (39) |
0 |
NA |
0.019 |
Cycle threshold, median (range)†† | 22 (15.0–36.5) | 20.5 (15–23) | 26.5 (22.0–36.5) | NA | <0.001# |
*NA, not applicable; OR, odds ratio.
†Data are no. (%) except as indicated.
‡By Fisher 2-tailed exact mid-p test, except for ordered groups and continuous variables.
§By nonparametric test for trend across ordered groups (i.e., age groups).
¶Incubation time was unknown for 8 patients with fatal and 3 with nonfatal disease.
#By 2-sample Fligner-Policello robust rank order test for continuous variables (i.e., time variables, PCR values).
**Time was unknown for 1 patient with nonfatal disease.
††Determined by real-time reverse transcription PCR; value was unknown for 1 patient with fatal disease.
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