bogus
英语
[编辑]词源
[编辑]首个可考书面记载中是一个指假硬币制造机的黑话，后还指这些假硬币。之后其演变为指代劣质物品。最新的词义“没用的”可能派生自计算机黑客俚语。
其词源不详，但目前有两个理论：
- 源自豪薩語 boko (“伪造”)。bogus最初出现于美国，因此可能由奴隶运输船中传播来。
- 为tantrabogus的犯罪黑话缩略形式，该词在19世纪是一个指代危险物品的俚语用词；这一理论让一些人联想到bogy或bogey（见bogeyman）。在这个意义上，本词可能与bogle有关，其指的是苏格兰边境的一种在人家中做恶作剧（但不会给人财产损失）的骗子。
发音
[编辑]形容词
[编辑]bogus (比較級 more bogus，最高級 most bogus)
- 伪造的，假的
- 近義詞：phony；亦參見Thesaurus:fake
- 1842, Daniel Parish Kidder, Mormonism and the Mormons: A Historical View of the Rise and Progress of the Sect Self-styled Latter-Day Saints, Carlton & Lanahan:
- […] that he and David Whitmer swore falsley, stole, cheated, lied, sold bogus money, (base coin,), and also stones and sand for bogus; that letters in the post-office had been opened, read, and destroyed; and that those same men were concerned with a gang of counterfeiters, coiners, and blacklegs.
- （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
- 1895, Alphonso Alva Hopkins, Wealth and Waste: The Principles of Political Economy in Their Application to the Present Problems of Labor, Law, and the Liquor Traffic, Funk & Wagnalls Company:
- They have printed bogus despatches, and unhesitatingly used what they knew was bogus matter in a way to mislead even newspaper men.
- （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
- 1921, Burton J. Hendrick, The Age of Big Business:
- The organization of “bogus companies,” started purely for the purpose of eliminating competitors, seems to have been a not infrequent practice.
- （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
- (俚語) 讨厌的；有害的
- 1982, Cameron Crowe, Fast Times at Ridgemont High[1], 角色 Jeff Spicoli（Sean Penn）:
- What Jefferson was saying was, Hey! You know, we left this England place 'cause it was bogus; so if we don't get some cool rules ourselves - pronto - we'll just be bogus too! Get it?
- （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
- (計算機，俚語) 错误的；损坏的，没用的
- (集郵) 假的 （用于形容欺骗集邮爱好者的印着不存在国家的邮票）
- 近義詞：illegal
- 1962, Douglas Patrick, The International Guide to Stamps and Stamp Collecting: Includes the Answers to 1200 Questions Most Often Asked about Stamps:
- Bogus stamps are labels made to deceive stamp collectors. Many bogus stamps were made prior to 1900 when some had names of imaginary countries.
- （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
- 错误的，伪的
- bogus laws
- 伪法律
衍生词汇
[编辑]名词
[编辑]bogus (不可數)
- (美國，方言) （一种朗姆和糖蜜混合的）烈酒
- 1848, John Russell Bartlett, Dictionary of Americanisms: A glossary of words and phrases, usually regarded as peculiar to the United States:
- BOGUS. A liquor made of rum and molasses.
- （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
- 1919, Harvey Washington Wiley, Beverages and Their Adulteration: Origin, Composition, Manufacture, Natural, Artificial, Fermented, Distilled, Alkaloidal and Fruit Juices:
- "Calibogus," or "bogus" was cold rum and beer unsweetened.
- （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
- 2014, J. Anne Funderburg, Bootleggers and Beer Barons of the Prohibition Era，頁號 311:
- The American colonists drank rum straight, spiced, or mixed. They combined it with a list of ingredients: rum mixed with hard cider was called stonewall; rum and beer made bogus; rum and molasses made blackstrap.
- （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
- (美國，方言，古舊) 假钱
- 1841年12月8日, “Western Court Eloquence”, 出自 Carlisle Weekly Herald，頁號 2:
- “Ahem—it is the opinion of the court that the prisoner has been making bogus; so we must put him in the jug until Superior Court. […]”
- （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
- 1848年1月26日, C. C., “[Letter]”, 出自 The Washington Union, 出版於 1848年2月28日，頁號 3:
- This being agreed to, they hand the soldier the same number of dollars they received from him—but all counterfeit. This new way of passing bogus they have practised to a considerable extent […]
- （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
- 1994, John L. Brooke, The Refiner’s Fire: The Making of Mormon Cosmology, 1644–1844, →ISBN，頁號s 269–70:
- Edward Bonney, a bounty hunter who passed bogus on occasion, claimed to have been working to break up yet another gang operating on the Mississippi with a base at Nauvoo.
- （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
衍生词汇
[编辑]相关词汇
[编辑]参考资料
[编辑]- “bogus”, Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary，Springfield, Mass.：G. & C. Merriam, 1913，OCLC 800618302