SUBSTANCE USE AND ADDICTION
Chelsea L. Shover, PhD; Noel A. Vest, PhD; Derek Chen; et al.
This cross-sectional study examines whether state-level policies designating opioid use disorder (OUD) a qualifying condition for medical cannabis are associated with dispensaries claiming that cannabis can treat OUD.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(7):e2010001. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.10001
GLOBAL HEALTH
Isha Berry, MSc; Ashleigh R. Tuite, PhD, MPH; Angela Salomon, MPH; et al.
This case-crossover study evaluates the short-term associations of influenza activity and environmental exposures with invasive pneumococcal disease risk in temperate countries and examines the generalizability of such associations across multiple jurisdictions.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(7):e2010167. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.10167
CARDIOLOGY
Sarah C. Haynes, PhD, MPH; Daniel J. Tancredi, PhD; Kathleen Tong, MD; et al.
This post hoc secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial of patients with decompensated heart failure assesses whether telemonitoring adherence is associated with risk of hospitalization, emergency department visit, or death.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(7):e2010174. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.10174
PEDIATRICS
Sarah Lord, MD, MSc; Clara Moore, MSc; Madison Beatty, MSc; et al.
This qualitative study explores the experiences of bereaved family caregivers with advance care planning for children with medical complexity.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(7):e2010337. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.10337
IMAGING
Paul G. Barnett, PhD; Josephine C. Jacobs, PhD; Jeffrey G. Jarvik, MD, MPH; et al.
This cohort study examines the use of magnetic resonance imaging for low back pain in US Department of Veterans Affairs primary care clinics to assess concordance with published guidelines.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(7):e2010343. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.10343
PULMONARY MEDICINE
Xu Gao, PhD; Brent Coull, PhD; Xihong Lin, PhD; et al.
This cohort study examines the associations of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio with lung function and risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease among US veterans with up to 30 years of follow-up.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(7):e2010350. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.10350
PEDIATRICS
Jonathan McGavock, PhD; Bhupendrasinh F. Chauhan, PhD; Rasheda Rabbani, PhD; et al.
This systematic review and meta-analysis investigates the association of professional-led and layperson-led weight loss interventions with short- and long-term weight reduction among children and adolescents with overweight and obesity.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(7):e2010364. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.10364
NEUROLOGY
Giacomo Koch, MD, PhD; Caterina Motta, MD; Sonia Bonnì, PhD; et al.
This randomized clinical trial evaluates whether treatment with the dopaminergic agonist rotigotine has an effect on cognitive function in patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer disease in Italy.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(7):e2010372. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.10372
STATISTICS AND RESEARCH METHODS
Benjamin D. Pollock, PhD, MSPH; Jeph Herrin, PhD; Matthew R. Neville, MS; et al.
This cross-sectional study examines the association between rates of mortality and readmission used by Medicare to determine financial penalties and to rank hospital quality with the case mix of patients with do-not-resuscitate status at US hospitals.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(7):e2010383. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.10383
CARDIOLOGY
Saket Girotra, MD, SM; Brahmajee K. Nallamothu, MD, MPH; Yuanyuan Tang, PhD; et al.
This cohort study evaluates patients’ overall risk-standardized survival rate for in-hospital cardiac arrest and examines its association with risk-adjusted rates of acute resuscitation and postresuscitation survival.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(7):e2010403. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.10403
DIABETES AND ENDOCRINOLOGY
Bernd Stratmann, PhD; Tania-Cristina Costea, MD; Catharina Nolte, MD; et al.
This randomized clinical trial assesses the effect of application of cold atmospheric plasma in addition to standard care treatment compared with placebo on wound healing in terms of more rapid and clinical meaningful wound surface regression.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(7):e2010411. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.10411
ALLERGY
Ruchi S. Gupta, MD, MPH; Lucy A. Bilaver, PhD; Jacqueline L. Johnson, DrPH; et al.
This survey study describes the self-reported level of adherence, familiarity, and implementation needs associated with national peanut allergy prevention recommendations among pediatricians caring for infants.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(7):e2010511. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.10511
PATHOLOGY AND LABORATORY MEDICINE
Stanley J. Robboy, MD; David Gross, PhD; Jason Y. Park, MD, PhD; et al.
This analysis assesses the accuracy of current pathologist workforce estimates in the US by examining why divergency appears in different published resources.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(7):e2010648. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.10648
INFECTIOUS DISEASES
Michael Klompas, MD, MPH; Aileen Ochoa, MPH; Wenjing Ji, PhD; et al.
This cohort study examines the prescribing rates and duration of antibiotic therapy in patients with possible pneumonia whose clinical signs are within the reference ranges.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(7):e2010700. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.10700
PSYCHIATRY
Isabel Chien, MEng; Angel Enrique, PhD; Jorge Palacios, MD, PhD; et al.
This cohort study examines the use of machine learning in testing to categorize behavior types in individuals with depression and anxiety.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(7):e2010791. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.10791
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Invited Commentary
Digital Health and Engagement—Looking Behind the Measures and Methods
John Torous, MD; Erin E. Michalak, PhD; Heather L. O’Brien, PhD
JAMA Netw Open
ONCOLOGY
Premal Patel, MD; Taylor P. Kohn, MD; Jordan Cohen, BSc; et al.
This cross-sectional study evaluates factors associated with fertility preservation counseling before initiating chemotherapy among patients of reproductive age with recently diagnosed cancer.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(7):e2010806. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.10806
HEMATOLOGY
Donald I. Abrams, MD; Paul Couey, BA; Niharika Dixit, MD; et al.
This randomized clinical trial examines the safety and efficacy of cannabis for pain in adults with sickle cell disease.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(7):e2010874. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.10874
MEDICAL EDUCATION
Robin Klein, MD, MEHP; Nneka N. Ufere, MD; Sowmya R. Rao, PhD; et al.
This cross-sectional study evaluates the association of gender with assessment of internal medicine residents.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(7):e2010888. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.10888
OTOLARYNGOLOGY
Robin T. Bigelow, MD; Nicholas S. Reed, AuD; Katharine K. Brewster, MD; et al.
This cross-sectional study investigates the association between hearing loss, psychological distress, and mental health care utilization among adults in the United States.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(7):e2010986. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.10986
HEALTH POLICY
Jeffrey T. Kullgren, MD, MS, MPH; Elizabeth Q. Cliff, PhD; Christopher Krenz, BA; et al.
This survey study assesses which patients who may be eligible for a health savings account do not have one and what decisions patients with these accounts make about contributing to them in a representative sample of US adults.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(7):e2011014. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.11014
GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY
Lu Wang, MD; Ying Liu, MD; Xianli Yin, MD; et al.
This phase 2 clinical trial evaluates the biological activity and safety of capecitabine plus cetuximab as a novel maintenance therapy for RAS wild-type metastatic colorectal cancer.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(7):e2011036. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.11036
CARDIOLOGY
Khadijah Breathett, MD, MS; Erika Yee, BS; Natalie Pool, PhD, RN; et al.
This qualitative study examines how patient race and gender are associated with clinician recommendations for allocation of advanced heart failure therapies.
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JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(7):e2011044. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.11044
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Audio Editors' Summary:
Association of Gender and Race With Allocation of Advanced Heart Failure Therapies; Direct-Acting Antiviral Treatment and Mortality in Medicare Beneficiaries With Hepatitis C
GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY
Yamini Kalidindi, MHA; Jeah Jung, PhD, MPH; Roger Feldman, PhD; et al.
his cohort study examines the survival advantages associated with second-generation direct-acting antiviral medications among adults with hepatitis C virus infection.
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JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(7):e2011055. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.11055
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Audio Editors' Summary:
Association of Gender and Race With Allocation of Advanced Heart Failure Therapies; Direct-Acting Antiviral Treatment and Mortality in Medicare Beneficiaries With Hepatitis C
ONCOLOGY
Samyuktha Balabhadra, MD; Joshua D. Kuban, MD; Stephen Lee, MD; et al.
This cohort study evaluates the association of inferior vena cava (IVC) filters with the development of pulmonary embolism (PE) in patients with cancer and deep venous thrombosis (DVT).
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(7):e2011079. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.11079
PUBLIC HEALTH
Sarah E. Tom, PhD, MPH; Manali Phadke, MS; Rebecca A. Hubbard, PhD; et al.
This cohort study examines the association of demographic characteristics and early-life sociodemographic factors by birth cohort with the incidence of dementia among US participants in the Adult Changes in Thought study who were born between 1893 and 1949 and followed up from 1994 to 2015.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(7):e2011094. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.11094
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Invited Commentary
The Enigma of Decreasing Dementia Incidence
David S. Knopman, MD
JAMA Netw Open
PEDIATRICS
Ken C. Pang, PhD; Nastasja M. de Graaf, MSc; Denise Chew, MD; et al.
This cross-sectional study examines whether increases in transgender and gender diverse young people presenting to specialist gender clinics are associated with related media coverage.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(7):e2011161. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.11161
MEDICAL EDUCATION
Gianrico Farrugia, MD; Christina K. Zorn, JD; Amy W. Williams, MD; et al.
This qualitative study solicits the perspectives of women leaders on the workplace and cultural changes that need to take place in academic medicine to increase inclusivity and gender equity.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(7):e2011292. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.11292
PEDIATRICS
Natasha Ruth Saunders, MD, MSc; Sima Gandhi, MSc; Simon Chen, MPH; et al.
This cohort study uses data from linked health and administrative databases in Ontario, Canada, to investigate health care use and costs among children, adolescents, and young adults diagnosed with somatic symptom and related disorders.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(7):e2011295. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.11295
CARDIOLOGY
Donghee Han, MD; Daniel S. Berman, MD; Robert J. H. Miller, MD; et al.
This cohort study analyzes data from the Progression of Atherosclerotic Plaque Determined by Computed Tomographic Angiography Imaging study to explore the association of cardiovascular risk factor burden with progression of coronary atherosclerosis and development of adverse plaque characteristics.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(7):e2011444. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.11444
PEDIATRICS
Leen J. Luyten, MSc; Yinthe Dockx, MSc; Narjes Madhloum, PhD; et al.
This cohort study investigates the association between retinal vessel characteristics and neurological functioning in children aged 4 to 5 years.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(7):e2011537. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.11537
HEALTH INFORMATICS
Qingxia Wu, PhD; Shuo Wang, PhD; Shuixing Zhang, MD, PhD; et al.
This diagnostic study develops a machine learning tool for use in preoperative noninvasive identification of lymph metastasis on magnetic resonance imaging in patients with cervical cancer.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(7):e2011625. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.11625
PUBLIC HEALTH
Jennifer L. Moss, PhD; Siddhartha Roy, DrPH; Chan Shen, PhD; et al.
This cross-sectional study examines responses from a large, nationally representative telephone survey of older adults in the US to determine rates of screening for colorectal, cervical, or breast cancer after recommended upper age limits.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(7):e2011645. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.11645
HEALTH POLICY
Jessica J. Zhang, BA; Michael B. Rothberg, MD, MPH; Anita D. Misra-Hebert, MD, MPH; et al.
This survey study assesses primary care physicians’ prioritization of preventive services.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(7):e2011677. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.11677
CARDIOLOGY
Thijs M. H. Eijsvogels, PhD; Martijn F. H. Maessen, PhD; Esmée A. Bakker, MSc; et al.
This cohort study investigates the implications of sex, age, socioeconomic status, cardiovascular disease (CVD) diagnosis, cardiothoracic surgery, and comorbidity for the association between cardiac rehabilitation participation and all-cause mortality.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(7):e2011686. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.11686
IMAGING
Kathryn P. Lowry, MD; Rebecca Yates Coley, PhD; Diana L. Miglioretti, PhD; et al.
This comparative effectiveness study evaluates the screening recall and cancer detection rates of digital mammography vs digital breast tomosynthesis stratified by age, baseline screening, subsequent screening round, and breast density category in a large US cohort of women aged 40 to 79 years.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(7):e2011792. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.11792
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Invited Commentary
Benefits of Digital Breast Tomosynthesis Beyond Baseline Screening
Catherine M. Tuite, MD; Maggie L. DiNome, MD; Lori J. Goldstein, MD
JAMA Netw Open
ONCOLOGY
Abhishek Kumar, MD, MAS; Zachary D. Guss, MD; Patrick T. Courtney, BA; et al.
This comparative effectiveness study examines the concordance of data from an observational cancer registry with data from randomized clinical trials.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(7):e2011985. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.11985
OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH
Michael Riediker; Dai-Hua Tsai
This mathematical modeling study estimates viral aerosol emissions from simulated individuals with asymptomatic to moderate coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
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JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(7):e2013807. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.13807
INFECTIOUS DISEASES
Lars Christian Lund, MD; Mette Reilev, PhD; Jesper Hallas, DMSc; et al.
This cohort study examines the association of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) with adverse outcomes in patients hospitalized with influenza or influenza pneumonia.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(7):e2013880. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.13880
PSYCHIATRY
Le Shi, PhD; Zheng-An Lu, MSc; Jian-Yu Que, MSc; et al.
This survey study investigates the prevalence of and risk factors associated with mental health symptoms in the general population in China during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(7):e2014053. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.14053
PUBLIC HEALTH
Hamza Yousuf, BSc; Jonathan Corbin, PhD; Govert Sweep; et al.
This survey study examines a nationwide social media campaign about personal hygiene and physical distancing in the Netherlands and evaluates its effectiveness in improving behavior and curbing the spread of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.
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JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(7):e2014323. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.14323
INFECTIOUS DISEASES
Betty Y. Yang, MD; Leslie M. Barnard, MPH; Jamie M. Emert, MPH; et al.
This cohort study describes patient characteristics and prehospital presentation of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cared for by emergency medical services (EMS) in King County, Washington.
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JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(7):e2014549. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.14549
CARDIOLOGY
Ahmad Jabri, MD; Ankur Kalra, MD; Ashish Kumar, MBBS; et al.
This cohort study compares the incidence of stress cardiomyopathy among patients presenting with acute coronary syndrome at 2 Ohio hospitals during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic vs prepandemic time points.
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JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(7):e2014780. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.14780
PUBLIC HEALTH
Francesco Pagnini, PsyD, PhD; Andrea Bonanomi, PhD; Semira Tagliabue, PhD; et al.
This survey study examined the knowledge, concerns, and behaviors of individuals living in different coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) exposure zones during the first week of the pandemic in Italy.
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JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(7):e2015821. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.15821
INFECTIOUS DISEASES
David N. Fisman, MD, MPH; Isaac Bogoch, MD, MS; Lauren Lapointe-Shaw, MD, PhD; et al.
This cohort study examines the trends and risk factors associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) death in long-term care facilities in Ontario, Canada.
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JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(7):e2015957. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.15957
INFECTIOUS DISEASES
David Rubin, MD, MSCE; Jing Huang, PhD; Brian T. Fisher, DO, MPH, MSCE; et al.
This cohort study examines the association of county-level factors with variation in the instantaneous reproduction number of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in the United States.
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JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(7):e2016099. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.16099
PUBLIC HEALTH
A. David Paltiel, PhD; Amy Zheng, BA; Rochelle P. Walensky, MD, MPH
This analytic modeling study defines the screening performance standards for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) tests that would permit the safe return of students to US residential college campuses for the fall 2020 semester.
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JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(7):e2016818. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.16818
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Audio Editors' Summary:
JAMA Network Open and COVID-19
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Invited Commentary
Reopening Colleges During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic—One Size Does Not Fit All
Elizabeth H. Bradley, PhD; Ming-Wen An, PhD; Ellen Fox, MD
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JAMA Netw Open
GLOBAL HEALTH
Yong-Jian Chen, MD; Gang Qin, MD; Jie Chen, MD; et al.
This cross-sectional study examines mask wearing and face-touching behaviors before and during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in China, Japan, South Korea, Western Europe, and the US.
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JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(7):e2016924. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.16924
GERIATRICS
Lillian Min, MD, MSHS; Jin-Kyung Ha, PhD; Timothy P. Hofer, MD, MSc; et al.
This cross-sectional study uses data from the Veterans Health Administration to formulate and test an algorithm to detect intensive hypertension treatment.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(7):e205417. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.5417
PUBLIC HEALTH
Katherine Fay, MD; Mathew R. P. Sapiano, PhD; Runa Gokhale, MD; et al.
This cohort study uses medical records, death certificates, and hospital discharge data to describe health care exposures and outcomes among adult patients with sepsis and septic shock.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(7):e206004. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.6004
ONCOLOGY
Dat Nguyen, MD; John Yu, BS; William C. Reinhold, PhD; et al.
This prognostic study identifies independent clinical and molecular measurements associated with overall and recurrence-free survival by homogeneous treatment in patients with breast cancer.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(7):e207213. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.7213
PEDIATRICS
Se Jin Choi, MD; Hee Mang Yoon, MD, PhD; Ji Sun Hwang, MD; et al.
This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluates the incidence of occult spinal dysraphism and the proportion of cases managed with a neurosurgical intervention among neonates or infants with various cutaneous stigmata.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(7):e207221. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.7221
PSYCHIATRY
Andrew D. Carlo, MD, MPH; Nicole M. Benson, MD; Frances Chu, MSN, MLIS; et al.
This systematic review summarizes the published literature on populations and mental health and/or substance use disorder conditions examined by alternative payment and delivery models as well as the associations of these models with mental health and/or substance use disorder outcomes.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(7):e207401. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.7401
DIABETES AND ENDOCRINOLOGY
Duygu Islek, MD, MPH; Mary Beth Weber, PhD; Anjana Ranjit Mohan, MD, PhD; et al.
This economic evaluation estimates the cost-effectiveness of a stepwise approach to diabetes prevention among adults in India participating in the Diabetes Community Lifestyle Improvement Program.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(7):e207539. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.7539
ALLERGY
Amir Sapkota, PhD; Yan Dong, MS; Linze Li, MS; et al.
This cross-sectional study investigates how ongoing changes in the timing of spring onset related to climate change are associated with rates of asthma hospitalization in Maryland.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(7):e207551. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.7551
ONCOLOGY
Lara Paracchini, MSc; Chiara Pesenti, MSc; Martina Delle Marchette, MD; et al.
This cohort study assesses whether TP53 clonal variants can be detected in Papanicolaou test samples from women later diagnosed with high-grade serous epithelial ovarian cancer (HGS-EOC).
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(7):e207566. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.7566
PUBLIC HEALTH
Anthony D. Ong, PhD; Andrew Steptoe, DSc
This survey study examines the association of instability of positive affect with all-cause mortality in older adults in England.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(7):e207725. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.7725
INFECTIOUS DISEASES
Thomas L. Higgins, MD, MBA; Abhishek Deshpande, MD, PhD; Marya D. Zilberberg, MD, MPH; et al.
This cohort study assesses the validity of organism-specific International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD-9) administrative codes for pneumonia in adult patients using microbiological data as the criterion standard.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(7):e207750. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.7750
GERIATRICS
Marian E. Betz, MD, MPH; Deborah Azrael, PhD; Rachel L. Johnson, MS; et al.
This survey study of caregivers of people with Alzheimer disease and related dementias assesses caregiver views on firearm safety risks, experiences with health care professional–delivered counseling, and preferred sources of information about firearm safety.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(7):e207756. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.7756
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Invited Commentary
Firearm Safety in an Aging United States
Erin R. Morgan, MS; Ali Rowhani-Rahbar, MD, MPH, PhD
JAMA Netw Open
ONCOLOGY
Rahul A. Sheth, MD; Ravi Murthy, MD; David S. Hong, MD; et al.
This case series study examines the feasibility and safety of intratumoral delivery of immunotherapy among patients undergoing cancer care in clinical trials.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(7):e207911. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.7911
NEPHROLOGY
Priya Vart, PhD; Neil R. Powe, MD, MPH, MBA; Charles E. McCulloch, PhD; et al.
This repeated cross-sectional study uses data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys to examine trends in chronic kidney disease prevalence across major sociodemographic groups, as defined by race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(7):e207932. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.7932
ONCOLOGY
Harry C. Brastianos, MD, PhD; Paul Nguyen, PhD; Arjun Sahgal, MD; et al.
This cohort study examines the association of innovations in radiotherapy techniques and systemic treatment with clinical outcomes among Canadian patients with melanoma brain metastasis between 2007 and 2016.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(7):e208204. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.8204
CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
Clifton W. Callaway, MD, PhD; Patrick J. Coppler, PA-C; John Faro, BS; et al.
This cohort study examines whether illness severity is associated with changes in the association between target temperature and patient outcome.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(7):e208215. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.8215
CARDIOLOGY
Jason L. Vassy, MD, MPH, SM; Bing Lu, DrPH, MD; Yuk-Lam Ho, MPH; et al.
This cohort study examines the performance of the Pooled Cohort Equations (PCE) for 5-year atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk estimation in a contemporary cohort and tests the hypothesis that inclusion of statin therapy improves model performance.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(7):e208236. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.8236
OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY
Daniel J. Corsi, PhD; Helen Hsu, MD; Deshayne B. Fell, PhD; et al.
This cohort study assesses trends in prenatal opioid use and the potential association between prenatal opioid use and preterm birth and adverse perinatal outcomes in a population-based perinatal database in Ontario, Canada.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(7):e208256. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.8256
HEALTH INFORMATICS
Che Ngufor, PhD; Pedro J. Caraballo, MD; Thomas J. O’Byrne, MAS; et al.
This cohort study introduces a new representation of patient data called disease severity hierarchy that leverages domain knowledge in a nested fashion to create subpopulations that share increasing amounts of clinical details suitable for risk prediction.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(7):e208270. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.8270
ETHICS
David Grande, MD, MPA; Xochitl Luna Marti, BA; Rachel Feuerstein-Simon, MPA, MPH; et al.
This qualitative study assesses the association between digital technology and emerging challenges for health policy and privacy.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(7):e208285. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.8285
ONCOLOGY
Shannon Gallagher, MPH; Elisha Hughes, PhD; Susanne Wagner, PhD; et al.
This case-control study examines the association of polygenic risk scores with changes in breast cancer risk in women who are carriers of pathogenic variants in breast cancer susceptibility genes.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(7):e208501. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.8501
PEDIATRICS
Frank Muscara, BSc (Hons), DPsych; Maria C. McCarthy, PhD; Meredith Rayner, BSc (Hons), PhD; et al.
This randomized clinical trial evaluates the efficacy of an acceptance and commitment therapy–based group intervention, delivered using videoconferencing, in reducing posttraumatic stress symptoms in parents of children with life-threatening illness.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(7):e208507. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.8507
SUBSTANCE USE AND ADDICTION
Ismini Kourouni, MD; Bashar Mourad, DO; Hassan Khouli, MD; et al.
This case series describes the neurologic and cardiopulmonary complications associated with synthetic cannabinoid intoxication experienced by adult patients admitted to intensive care.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(7):e208516. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.8516
SURGERY
Esther N. D. Kok, MD; Ruben van Veen, MSc; Harald C. Groen, MSc, PhD; et al.
This nonrandomized controlled trial evaluates the resection margin rates as well as the safety and usability of a newly developed image-guided navigation technique among patients who underwent a rectal cancer resection.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(7):e208522. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.8522
PEDIATRICS
Imaan Bayoumi, MD, MSc; Patricia C. Parkin, MD; Catherine S. Birken, MD, MSc; et al.
This cross-sectional study examines the association of family income and family risk of food insecurity with iron status in healthy young children attending primary care in Toronto, Canada.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(7):e208603. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.8603
CARDIOLOGY
Jason G. Andrade, MD; Marc W. Deyell, MD, MSc; Atul Verma, MD; et al.
This secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial evaluates the association of baseline atrial fibrillation episode duration with post–atrial fibrillation ablation arrhythmia outcomes.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(7):e208748. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.8748
HEALTH POLICY
Minal R. Patel, PhD, MPH; Renuka Tipirneni, MD, MSc; Edith C. Kieffer, PhD, MPH; et al.
This survey study examines the self-reported health of enrollees in Michigan’s Medicaid expansion, the Healthy Michigan Plan, among respondents to surveys in 2016 and 2017.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(7):e208776. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.8776
ANESTHESIOLOGY
M. Dustin Boone, MD, MPH; Brian Sites, MD, MS; Friedrich M. von Recklinghausen, PhD; et al.
This cohort study examined the association of postoperative neurocognitive disorders with health care expenditures among US Medicare patients.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(7):e208931. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.8931
HEALTH POLICY
J. Frank Wharam, MD, MPH; Jamie Wallace, MPH; Fang Zhang, PhD; et al.
This cohort study assesses whether an employer-mandated switch from a low-deductible health plan to high-deductible health plan is associated with the risk of major adverse cardiovascular outcomes among more than 1.5 million individuals in the US.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(7):e208939. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.8939
PUBLIC HEALTH
Ellen R. Gritz, PhD; Rajesh Talluri, PhD; Joël Fokom Domgue, MD, MPH; et al.
This cross-sectional study examines cigarette smoking prevalence and behaviors (continuing or quitting smoking) among cancer survivors and compares them between survivors of smoking-related cancers and non–smoking-related cancers.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(7):e209072. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.9072
PHARMACY AND CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY
Lucas A. Berenbrok, PharmD, MS; Nico Gabriel, MA; Kim C. Coley, PharmD; et al.
This cross-sectional study uses 2016 Medicare claims data to assess the frequency of patient encounters with community pharmacists compared with primary care physicians for preventive care and chronic disease management.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(7):e209132. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.9132
NEUROLOGY
Manja Koch, PhD; Steven T. DeKosky, MD; Matthew Goodman, PhD; et al.
To evaluate associations of apolipoprotein E protein levels in different lipoproteins with cognitive function and risk of dementia, this case-cohort study embedded in the Ginkgo Evaluation of Memory Study analyzed data from 1351 community-dwelling participants 74 years and older, and found the presence of apoE in high-density lipoproteins that lack apolipoprotein C3 was associated with better cognitive function and decreased risk of dementia.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(7):e209250. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.9250
EMERGENCY MEDICINE
Yang Yu, MD; Qingtao Meng, MD; Sonali Munot, MPH; et al.
This systematic review and meta-analysis examines the rates of bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation and use of interventions used for training.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(7):e209256. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.9256
ANESTHESIOLOGY
Joseph S. Turner, MD; Antonino W. Bucca, MD; Steven L. Propst, MD; et al.
This systematic review and meta-analysis assesses whether the use of airway checklists is associated with improved outcomes in patients undergoing endotracheal intubation.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(7):e209278. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.9278
ETHICS
Stephanie A. Kraft, JD; Kathryn M. Porter, JD, MPH; Devan M. Duenas, MA; et al.
This survey study examines use of the informed consent form in decision-making by parents on enrollment of their children in a weight management study.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(7):e209296. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.9296
INFECTIOUS DISEASES
Jessica S. Cranston, BS; Sophia Finn Tiene, BS; Karin Nielsen-Saines, MD, MPH; et al.
This cohort study characterizes the clinical features associated with antenatal exposure to the Zika virus in children and assesses whether an association exists between head circumference at birth and neurodevelopmental outcomes.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(7):e209303. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.9303
PSYCHIATRY
Colin P. West, MD, PhD; Liselotte N. Dyrbye, MD, MHPE; Christine Sinsky, MD; et al.
This cross-sectional survey study evaluates resilience among physicians and US workers and assesses the association between resilience and burnout among US physicians.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(7):e209385. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.9385
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Invited Commentary
Addressing Burnout—Focus on Systems, Not Resilience
Allan H. Goroll, MD
JAMA Netw Open
HEALTH POLICY
Juell Homco, PhD, MPH; Hélène Carabin, DVM, PhD; Zsolt Nagykaldi, PhD; et al.
This cross-sectional study compares observed performance scores measured using medical record abstraction and electronic health record–generated reports with misclassification-adjusted performance scores obtained using bayesian latent class analysis among patients treated in primary care practices.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(7):e209411. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.9411
HEALTH POLICY
John R. Boulet, PhD; Robbert J. Duvivier, MD, PhD; William W. Pinsky, MD
This cross-sectional study provides an overview of the characteristics of international medical graduates from Muslim-majority nations, including their contributions to the US physician workforce, and describes trends in the number of applications for certification to the Educational Commission for Foreign Medical Graduates between 2019 and 2018, both overall and for citizens of Muslim-majority nations.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(7):e209418. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.9418
ONCOLOGY
Tarek M. A. Abdel-Fatah, PhD; Graham R. Ball, PhD; Pulari U. Thangavelu, PhD; et al.
This cohort study examines the association of sperm-associated antigen 5 (SPAG5) transcript and protein expression with treatment response in patients with estrogen receptor–positive breast cancer.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(7):e209486. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.9486
PUBLIC HEALTH
Onyema Greg Chido-Amajuoyi, MBBS, MPH; Israel Agaku, DMD, MPH, PhD; Dale S. Mantey, MPA; et al.
This survey study assesses the reach of court-ordered tobacco industry antismoking advertisements the association between exposure to these advertisements and intentions and/or attempts to quit smoking among cigarette smokers.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(7):e209504. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.9504
GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY
Kathryn Oakland, MD; Sandeepkumar Kothiwale, PhD; Tyler Forehand; et al.
This prognostic study evaluates the external validity of the Oakland Score for use in assessing the risk of adverse outcomes and the likelihood of safe hospital discharge among a large population of adult patients with acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding in the United States.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(7):e209630. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.9630
HEALTH POLICY
Saul Weiner, MD; Alan Schwartz, PhD; Lisa Altman, MD; et al.
This quality improvement study evaluates the effectiveness of a program in which clinicians at Veterans Affairs (VA) clinics receive ongoing feedback on their attention to patient contextual factors via patient-collected, audio-recorded sessions.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(7):e209644. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.9644
CARDIOLOGY
David W. Biery, AB; Adam N. Berman, MD; Avinainder Singh, MBBS, MMSc; et al.
This cohort study identifies the prevalence of tobacco use and examines the association of both smoking and smoking cessation with survival in a cohort of adults who experienced a myocardial infarction at a young age.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(7):e209649. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.9649
DIABETES AND ENDOCRINOLOGY
Cari M. Kitahara, PhD, MHS; Dale L. Preston, PhD; Julie Ann Sosa, MD, MA; et al.
This cohort study compares the association of radioactive iodine or antithyroid drug treatments for hyperthyroidism vs surgical management with solid cancer mortality in patients without cancer.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(7):e209660. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.9660
HEALTH POLICY
Heather E. Hsu, MD, MPH; Rui Wang, PhD; Carly Broadwell, MS; et al.
This interrupted time series study evaluates the association between federal value-based incentive programs and health care–associated infection rates in acute care hospitals in the United States.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(7):e209700. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.9700
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Invited Commentary
Value-Based Incentive Programs and Health Disparities
Patricia W. Stone, PhD, RN
JAMA Netw Open
NUTRITION, OBESITY, AND EXERCISE
Zhila Semnani-Azad, BSc; Tauseef A. Khan, PhD; Sonia Blanco Mejia, MD; et al.
This systematic review and meta-analysis examines the association of major food sources of fructose-containing sugars with incident metabolic syndrome.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(7):e209993. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.9993