April 2024, Vol 178, No. 4, Pages 326-422

Viewpoint

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Food Insecurity Is a Source of Toxic Stress

Cindy W. Leung, ScD, MPH; Angela Odoms-Young, PhD; Kofi Essel, MD, MPH

Abstract Full Text

JAMA Pediatr. 2024;178(4):327-328. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2023.6400

This Viewpoint discusses food insecurity as a source of toxic stress that can affect children’s health and advocates for developing research, clinical, and policy approaches to address the root causes of food insecurity.

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Reducing WIC Administrative Burdens to Promote Health Equity

Eunice Agyapong, MD; Aditi Vasan, MD, MSHP; Chidiogo Anyigbo, MD, MPH

Abstract Full Text

JAMA Pediatr. 2024;178(4):329-330. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2023.6504

This Viewpoint discusses barriers to Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) participation for low-income and racial and ethnic minoritized families and outlines strategies that health care professionals and health systems can use to help families overcome these barriers.

The Global Burden of Disease Epidemiology—When Big Data Impute the Nonexistent

Andres Roman-Urrestarazu, MD, PhD; Robin van Kessel, PhD

Abstract Full Text

JAMA Pediatr. 2024;178(4):331-332. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2023.6507

This Viewpoint discusses concerns about the data quality of the Global Burden of Disease study with respect to incidence estimates of child and adolescent mental health disorders, such as autism and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, in low- and middle-income countries.

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Reducing Intergenerational Poverty—An Essential Driver of Health

Rita Hamad, MD, PhD; Fenaba Addo, PhD; Kimberly Montez, MD, MPH

Abstract Full Text

JAMA Pediatr. 2024;178(4):333-334. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2023.6510

This Viewpoint discusses a report from the National Academies of Science, Engineering, and Medicine on how to address intergenerational poverty.

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Closing Gaps in Public Services for US Residents With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities

Kenton J. Johnston, PhD; Michelle A. Hendricks, PhD; Harold A. Pollack, PhD

Abstract Full Text

JAMA Pediatr. 2024;178(4):335-336. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2023.6038

This Viewpoint describes existing public health and social service systems for persons with intellectual and developmental disabilities as they transition to adult care, barriers and opportunities faced in service access, and potential actions to narrow these gaps and enhance equity.

Editorial

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Extreme Heat and Preterm Birth Risk—Methodologic Considerations and Policy Implications

Heather H. Burris, MD, MPH; Allan C. Just, PhD

Abstract Full Text

JAMA Pediatr. 2024;178(4):337-339. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2024.0008

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Disability and Foster Care—A Damning Indictment

David S. Mandell, ScD; Barbara H. Chaiyachati, MD, PhD

Abstract Full Text

JAMA Pediatr. 2024;178(4):339-340. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2023.6577

Translational Science

New Genetic Biomarkers to Diagnose Pediatric Appendicitis

Maurizio Pacilli, MBBS(Hons), PaedSurg(IT), MD(Research); Rishikesan Kamaleswaran, PhD

Abstract Full Text

JAMA Pediatr. 2024;178(4):341-342. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2023.6731

Artificial Intelligence and Pediatric Care

Transforming Otoscopy Using Artificial Intelligence

Hojjat Salmasian, MD, MPH, PhD; Lisa Biggs, MD

Abstract Full Text

JAMA Pediatr. 2024;178(4):343-344. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2024.0021

Original Investigation

Varying Doses of Epicutaneous Immunotherapy With Viaskin Milk vs Placebo in Children With Cow’s Milk Allergy: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Daniel Petroni, MD, PhD; Philippe Bégin, MD, PhD; J. Andrew Bird, MD; et al.

Abstract Full Text

open access

JAMA Pediatr. 2024;178(4):345-353. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2023.6630

This randomized clinical trial assesses dose, efficacy, and safety of epicutaneous immunotherapy with Viaskin milk in children with immunoglobulin E-mediated cow’s milk allergy.

Noninferiority of Silver Diamine Fluoride vs Sealants for Reducing Dental Caries Prevalence and Incidence: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Ryan Richard Ruff, PhD, MPH; Tamarinda J. Barry Godín, DDS; Richard Niederman, DMD

Abstract Full Text

open access

JAMA Pediatr. 2024;178(4):354-361. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2023.6770

This randomized clinical trial evaluates the use of silver diamine fluoride for reducing the prevalence of dental caries.

Emergency Department Volume and Delayed Diagnosis of Serious Pediatric Conditions

Kenneth A. Michelson, MD, MPH; Chris A. Rees, MD, MPH; Todd A. Florin, MD, MSCE; et al.

Abstract Full Text

JAMA Pediatr. 2024;178(4):362-368. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2023.6672

This cohort study evaluates the association of annual pediatric volume in the emergency department with delayed diagnosis.

Screen Time and Parent-Child Talk When Children Are Aged 12 to 36 Months

Mary E. Brushe, PhD; Dandara G. Haag, PhD; Edward C. Melhuish, PhD; et al.

Abstract Full Text

open access

JAMA Pediatr. 2024;178(4):369-375. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2023.6790

This cohort study investigates the longitudinal association between screen time and 3 measures of parent-child talk (adult words, child vocalizations, and conversational turns) when children are 12 to 36 months of age.

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Heat Exposure, Preterm Birth, and the Role of Greenness in Australia

Tingting Ye, MSc; Yuming Guo, PhD; Wenzhong Huang, MPH; et al.

Abstract Full Text

JAMA Pediatr. 2024;178(4):376-383. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2024.0001

This cohort study investigates the association between heat exposure and preterm birth and the role that greenness plays in this association in a cohort of pregnant individuals in Australia.

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Foster Care Involvement Among Youth With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities

Lindsay Shea, DrPH; Melissa L. Villodas, PhD; Jonas Ventimiglia, MAS; et al.

Abstract Full Text

open access

JAMA Pediatr. 2024;178(4):384-390. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2023.6580

This cross-sectional study examines the clinical and sociodemographic characteristics of individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities 21 years and younger enrolled in Medicaid through foster care to assess differences in rates of foster care involvement based on race, ethnicity, age, and sex.

Translational Science

Gene Expression Profiling in Pediatric Appendicitis

Bhavjinder K. Dhillon, PhD; Simone Kortbeek, MD; Arjun Baghela, PhD; et al.

Abstract Full Text

JAMA Pediatr. 2024;178(4):391-400. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2023.6721

This diagnostic study evaluates mechanistic differences in disease severity in pediatric appendicitis.

Artificial Intelligence and Pediatric Care

Development and Validation of an Automated Classifier to Diagnose Acute Otitis Media in Children

Nader Shaikh, MD; Shannon J. Conway, BSc; Jelena Kovačević, PhD; et al.

Abstract Full Text

has multimedia has audio

JAMA Pediatr. 2024;178(4):401-407. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2024.0011

This diagnostic study analyzes the validity of an artificial intelligence decision-support tool for the diagnosis of acute otitis media.

Video: Demonstration of the Pitt CMU iTM App as an Automated Classifier to Diagnose Acute Otitis Media (AOM) in Children

Audio: Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Pediatric Care

JAMA Pediatrics Patient Page

Why Is the Pediatrician Asking Me About Social Drivers of Health?

Deepak Palakshappa, MD, MSHP; Lindsay A. Thompson, MD, MS

Abstract Full Text

free access

JAMA Pediatr. 2024;178(4):422. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2023.6419

This JAMA Pediatrics Patient Page describes why pediatric clinics ask families about social drivers of health.

Research Letter

Opioid Use After First Opioid Prescription in Children With Sickle Cell Disease

Angela B. Snyder, PhD, MPH; Mei Zhou, MS, MA; Brandon K. Attell, PhD; et al.

Abstract Full Text

open access

JAMA Pediatr. 2024;178(4):408-410. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2023.6500

This cohort study assesses the level of opioid use, number of vaso-occlusive crises, and days’ supply of opioids among opioid-naive pediatric patients.

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Reasons for Nonparticipation in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children

Ana L. Terry, MS; Edwina Wambogo, PhD; Kelley S. Scanlon, PhD; et al.

Abstract Full Text

JAMA Pediatr. 2024;178(4):410-412. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2023.6489

This cross-sectional study evaluates reasons reported for not participating in or withdrawing participation from the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children from 2019 to March 2020.

Survey of Neonatal Management After Amnioinfusion for Anhydramnios

Ellen M. Bendel-Stenzel, MD; Amaris M. Keiser, MD; Kristin J. McKenna, MD, MPH; et al.

Abstract Full Text

JAMA Pediatr. 2024;178(4):412-414. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2023.6403

This survey study reports on use of renal replacement therapy, hemodynamic support, sedation, neuroimaging, and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation at Renal Anhydramnios Fetal Therapy trial sites for neonates with either bilateral renal agenesis or fetal kidney failure.

Adolescent Mental Health

Treating Adolescent Opioid Use Disorder in Primary Care

Scott E. Hadland, MD, MPH, MS; William H. Burr, PhD; Kenneth Zoucha, MD; et al.

Abstract Full Text

JAMA Pediatr. 2024;178(4):414-416. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2023.6493

This survey study explores primary care pediatricians’ preparedness to counsel and treat adolescents with opioid use disorder (OUD) and perceived barriers to prescribing OUD medications.

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