Ukraine Under Attack: Documenting the Russian Invasion

In snow-shrouded ruins where families once lived, muddy trenches and fields where farmers once toiled and dark city streets where missile strikes have knocked out the power, the evidence of Russia’s invasion is everywhere.

In the 12 months since Russian troops marched across Ukraine’s borders, the two countries’ forces have fought across hundreds of miles, in storms and baking sun, in sinking temperatures and all while artillery shells and missiles fell up and down the front.

Those strikes have also fallen on towns and cities, inflicting a horrific toll on Ukrainian civilians, tens of thousands of whom are believed to have been killed. And although Ukraine executed two largely successful counteroffensives in the fall — forcing Russia to retreat from hundreds of square miles in the northeast and the south — the pace of fighting has slowed to a vicious battle of attrition, largely over eastern territory.

In a draft, Russia mobilized hundreds of thousands of men to shore up its defenses, compensate for heavy losses and hurl waves of troops at Ukrainian positions. In talks with its European and American supporters, Ukraine has received promises of tanks, air defenses and Western training for its troops.

Both Russia and Ukraine are expected to launch offensives in the spring: one to seize more of the eastern Donbas region, the other to claw back territory from the occupying Russians.

But even if fighting remains most intense in the east, the war pervades life everywhere.

Russian strikes have hit the capital, Kyiv, and the central city of Dnipro. Artillery has flattened towns and sent millions of civilians fleeing to safer cities in Ukraine’s west or across its borders. In the towns where Russian forces have fled, Ukrainians have documented evidence of killings and other atrocities.

For a year, photographers with The New York Times and other news organizations throughout Ukraine have chronicled the ordeal of war.

This gallery contains graphic images.

February

President Biden and President Volodymyr Zelensky of Ukraine in front of St. Michael’s Golden-Domed Monastery in Kyiv on Feb. 20.

Soldiers with the Ukrainian armed forces fire a howitzer at Russian troops from a position in the Donbas Region of eastern Ukraine, on Feb. 14.

A mortar team with Carpathian Sich, a Ukrainian battalion consisting of volunteers, provides fire support against a pressing Russian offensive on the front line in the area of Kreminna, in the Donetsk region of eastern Ukraine, on Feb. 12.

Anna Hayko, 35, and her 4-year-old son, Vladislav, take shelter during an air raid alarm in a subway station in Kyiv, on Feb. 10.

Anti-tank obstacles, left over from the early days of the invasion when Russian forces closed in on Kyiv, in the city on Feb. 9.

Emergency workers putting out a fire minutes after a missile strike in the center of Kramatorsk, in the Donbas region of eastern Ukraine, on Feb. 2.

Volunteers with the Ukrainian organization Vostok-SOS preparing to evacuate Alla Zhytchenko, 72, from her home in Kherson, on Feb. 1.

Lyudmila Degtyaryova standing in the destroyed remnants of her home in the frontline village of Nevske near Kremmina as Russian forces battle Ukrainian troops, in Luhansk, in eastern Ukraine, on Feb. 4.

The carcass of a dead cow in front of a home in the village of Makiivka, which is along the eastern frontline near Kremmina, as Russian forces push to take back ground they lost last autumn from Ukrainian troops, in Luhansk, Ukraine, on Feb. 4.

Piles of protective sandbags in the historic Podil neighborhood of Kyiv, Feb. 5.

January

Nina Kovalenko, 66, crying over the body of her son, Mykhailo Kovalenko, 36, who was killed in a strike shortly before, in Konstantinovka, in eastern Ukraine, on Jan. 28.

Several hundred people lining up to receive bread and canned food at a humanitarian distribution center in Kherson, on Jan. 30.

Karyna Pashunova, left, retrieving belongings from the attic of her mother’s house, which was damaged when a Russian missile landed just outside, on Jan. 26.

Ukrainian soldiers in a trench, where a unit of the Karlson Battalion were dug in to monitor Russian positions, in the Zaporizhzhia region, on Jan. 30.

Ukrainian soldiers with the border guard cooking and smoking in a kitchen bunker near the front line in eastern Ukraine, Jan, 27.

Civilians registering to receive humanitarian aid in Kherson on Jan. 28.

A gate in a destroyed village in the Kherson region on Jan. 23, with graffiti reading: “Welcome to hell.”

A woman crying over the bodies of her son and grandson moments after they were recovered from the rubble of the Russian attack on the Dnipro apartment building.

Graves for soldiers, dug in advance, in the military section of a cemetery in Dnipro on Jan. 18.

Olena Bubenko, 57, with her granddaughter, Nicole, 7, feeding dogs in the mostly abandoned village of Ruski Tyshky, north of Kharkiv, on Jan. 22. She now feeds about 90 dogs, more than half of them inherited when people fled the village during heavy fighting.

Friends, relatives and students of the boxing coach Mykhaylo Korenovsky, 40, attending a memorial service on Jan. 17, three days after he was killed in the Russian missile strike in Dnipro.

The city of Kharkiv under blackout conditions on Jan. 20.

Rescue workers looking for survivors after the missile strike on the apartment building in Dnipro.

Olga Afanasieva, 49, recovering in the hospital after sustaining serious injuries in a Russian missile attack on his apartment building in the central Ukrainian city of Dnipro on Jan. 14.

Oleh Valovyi, 50, recovering in the hospital after sustaining serious injuries in a Russian missile attack on his apartment building in the central Ukrainian city of Dnipro on Jan. 14.

Comrades of the Ukrainian soldier, Volodymyr Kerbut, 46, riding on a bus with his body, to the cemetery, from the Church of Andrew the First, in Bucha, Ukraine, on Jan. 12.

The recovered bodies of five people killed in a large missile strike on a residential building, lying outside the wreckage a day after the attack, in Dnipro, on Jan. 15.

Residents watching rescuers look for missing people after a missile hit a large residential building in Dnipro, on Jan. 14.

A woman walking past a defensive trench from the early days of the Russian invasion, in Kyiv Jan. 11.

Ukrainian troops firing a mortar round toward Russian positions in the Donetsk region of eastern Ukraine on Jan. 1.

Destroyed shops in Bakhmut on Jan 2. The city in eastern Ukraine has been heavily contested for months.

A woman and two dogs lying dead in the doorway of a building in Bakhmut on Jan. 2. The woman was believed to have been killed when a rocket struck a nearby shopping center 15 minutes earlier.

2022

December

Ukrainian artillery troops near the eastern city of Kreminna unloading shells and primers for a cannon on Dec. 31.

Carrying the coffin of a 20-year-old soldier, Vladyslav Chernyakov, at his funeral in Bucha, near Kyiv, on Dec. 30. He was killed while fighting in the Donetsk region.

Families watching a movie in a parking garage on Dec. 24 in Kyiv.

Ukrainian forces firing a howitzer in the Donetsk region on Dec. 20.

A Ukrainian soldier at a church that was shelled and looted by the Russian military during its occupation, in Lyman, a city in the Donetsk region, on Dec. 25.

A woman with bandaged shrapnel wounds waiting for paramedics to take her to the hospital in Kherson on Dec. 18.

Ukrainian soldiers and civilians collecting water in a district of Kyiv on Dec. 16.

A woman walking through the battleground city of Bakhmut, in the Donbas region of eastern Ukraine, amid bombings on Dec. 13.

The Ukrainian military digging trenches in the frontline city of Bakhmut on Dec. 16.

Family members grieving at the funeral of a 78-year-old retiree in Kherson, in southern Ukraine, on Dec. 17.

Demonstrating how to handle an injury during a first-aid training session for civilians in Kyiv, the capital, on Dec. 18.

Arriving for Sunday morning church service in Kherson on Dec. 18.

An explosion illuminating the sky as a small surveillance team for the Ukrainian Army scanned the horizon over Bakhmut on Dec. 9.

Iryna and Viktor Dudnyk weeping over the body of their son Dmytro, 38, killed in a Russian rocket attack in Kherson, on Dec. 10.

Ukrainian soldiers from the 63rd brigade who were fighting in Kherson region pulling back to fix their vehicles on Dec. 9.

Wolf, a 29-year-old former U.S. Marine and the leader of a small unit of Ukraine-allied foreign soldiers fighting in the country’s eastern front, near Bakhmut on Dec. 9.

Yulia and Ihor holding hands after boarding a designated evacuation train leaving Kherson for the city of Khmelnytskyi on Dec. 8.

Residents of Kherson lining up at the glass doorway of a food and aid distribution center set up in the basement of a tattoo shop on Dec. 8.

Residents carrying water and supplies on Dec. 9 amid the destruction in the village of Posad-Pokrovske, which was evacuated at the start of the war.

Visiting the grave in December of a father who was killed in Bucha, Ukraine, earlier in the year.

Sheltering in a train station as air-raid sirens sounded in Kyiv, the Ukrainian capital, on Dec. 5.

Salvaging a refrigerator from the ruins of a home in the southern village of Posad-Pokrovske on Dec. 3.

Downed power lines on a shelled road in the southern village of Posad-Pokrovske on Dec. 3.

A Ukrainian cannon firing toward a Russian ammunition depot across the Dnipro River in the southern region of Kherson on Dec. 1.

Abandoned Russian military vehicles by the roadside in the Kherson region on Dec. 1.

November

Ukrainian soldiers in Bakhmut, eastern Ukraine, on Nov. 25.

Two residents, left, helping to exhume the bodies of six men from a communal grave as war crimes investigators looked on in the southern Ukrainian village of Pravdyne on Nov. 28.

A burning oil depot on the Dnipro River in Kherson on Nov. 19.

A Ukrainian special forces unit pushing their boats into the Dnipro River on Nov. 5 for a night operation targeting Russian forces behind the front line.

A military hospital in Bakhmut, in the Donbas region of eastern Ukraine, on Nov. 25.

Crowds gathering for food handouts in Kherson on Nov. 15.

The Antonivskiy Bridge in Kherson on Nov. 16. The bridge was damaged by retreating Russian forces.

Celebrating in the newly liberated city of Kherson on Nov. 12.

Students at a military boarding school in Kyiv participating in a ceremony awarding epaulets to young cadets on Nov. 18.

Ukrainian soldiers in a bunker preparing for an operation in Bakhmut on Nov. 5.

Apartments illuminated with improvised electricity sources during a rolling blackout across Kyiv on Nov. 8.

Charging phones and making calls using the electricity and satellite service set up at the train station in Kherson City on Nov. 19.

Salvaging belongings on Nov. 24 from a residential building that had been struck by a Russian missile the previous day.

Residents on Nov. 29 helping police and war crimes investigators exhume the body of a teenage girl who was said to have been executed by Russian forces in Pravdyne.

A cemetery in Irpin, a Kyiv suburb, on Nov. 30.

October

A member of the Ukrainian armed forces who had sustained a head wound in a motor vehicle accident receiving treatment at a military health clinic in the Dnipro region of eastern Ukraine on Oct. 16.

The bodies of Russian soldiers lying on the side of a road outside Lyman, eastern Ukraine, on Oct. 2, the day after Ukrainian forces retook the town.

Injured civilians in Kyiv on Oct. 10.

Crews working to extinguish fires and search for missing people on Oct. 10 after a missile hit a residential building in Zaporizhzhia, southeastern Ukraine.

Sereda Snizhana, 28, with her 2-year-old, Artem, and her 4-year-old, Ilona, at their home in Dudchany, southern Ukraine, on Oct. 8.

Oleksandr Avdeev, 60, watching on Oct. 13 as workers in Borova, eastern Ukraine, exhumed the body of his 33-year-old son, Serhii, who had been abducted and killed by Russian forces.

Waiting in line to receive free bread provided by the United Nations near buildings that were damaged in airstrikes in Chernihiv, northern Ukraine, on Oct. 19.

A photograph taken on a government-arranged news tour showing a resident on Oct. 3 in the courtyard of the severely damaged Zymnensky Female Monastery in Sviatohirsk, eastern Ukraine, where she had taken shelter.

In a photograph taken on a government-arranged news tour, abandoned Russian military vehicles and rocket launchers, ruined and rusting, lying in Sviatohirsk on Oct. 3.

A Ukrainian servicewoman waiting while a fellow soldier of the same regiment was treated for his wounds at a military field hospital in the Zaporizhzhia region on Oct. 1.

Dusk over the Podil neighborhood of Kyiv, along the Dnipro River, on Oct. 28.

Mourning in eastern Ukraine on Oct. 18 at the funeral of a 42-year-old Ukrainian soldier who was killed by shrapnel during fighting.

Maryna Ponomariova, 6, who lost her left leg because of Russian shelling, doing physical therapy at a children’s hospital in Kyiv on Oct. 20.

A Ukrainian special forces unit on the Dnipro River in Southern Ukraine on Oct. 22 returning after a night operation behind the front line.

September

A burial site near Izium, Ukraine, on Sept. 23 that Ukrainian officials said could hold the remains of more than 400 people.

Ukrainian soldiers at an entrenched position near the Kherson front on Sept. 15.

The letter “Z,” a pro-war symbol, in a kindergarten classroom in a village near Izium on Sept. 18.

Residents crossing a damaged bridge amid the sounds of shelling in Bakhmut, Ukraine, on Sept. 28.

A husband and wife in a temporary housing facility for internally displaced people in Kharkiv on Sept. 25.

Teaching math to first graders in Irpin on Sept. 1, the first day of school.

Markings on a wall in Izium on Sept. 18 counting the days of an inmate’s imprisonment in the basement cell of a police station that had been taken over by Russian forces.

Volunteers sweeping through buildings, including residences, to evacuate Ukrainian civilians from the frontline city of Siversk, in the Donetsk region, on Sept. 20.

Ukrainian soldiers with Aleksandr, 69, whom they said they suspected of spying for Russia, in the Donetsk region in eastern Ukraine on Sept. 27.

Investigators on Sept. 16 at a site in Izium where officials said 445 individual graves and one mass grave had been discovered.

August

An artillery unit from Ukraine’s 58th Brigade near the town of Bakhmut firing toward an advancing Russian infantry unit around the town of Pokrovske, on Aug. 10.

Semyon, 27, taking his first steps on his new prosthetic leg on Aug. 26. Semyon, a Ukrainian soldier, lost his leg in a mortar barrage in the Kharkiv region.

The debris of a church on Aug. 11 after an attack in the Mykolaiv region.

Three girls and their grandmother waiting inside their car in a convoy leaving Russian-occupied territory on their way to a Ukrainian-controlled crossing into the city of Zaporizhzhia on Aug. 14.

Family members of a soldier who was killed on the front line visiting his grave in Lviv, in western Ukraine, on Aug. 24, the country’s Independence Day.

A Ukrainian serviceman on Aug. 11 walking through a school in the Mykolaiv region that had been struck by a bomb.

Delivering a baby born to a Ukrainian surrogate mother in a maternity hospital in Kyiv on Aug. 19.

A Ukrainian boy looking at a damaged apartment building in eastern Ukraine on Aug. 5 after rockets struck the area.

A Ukrainian soldier on a step leading to a system of frontline trenches facing Russian forces near the Ukrainian town of Barvinkove on Aug. 1.

Residents at a funeral on Aug. 1 for Andriy Mishchenko, a soldier who had fought with the Azov Regiment, a Ukrainian nationalist group, in Baryshivka, in north-central Ukraine.

Damage after an attack at the Petro Mohyla Black Sea National University in Mykolaiv on Aug. 17.

Working to extinguish a fire at a dermatology clinic after a strike in Mykolaiv on Aug. 1.

July

A man wounded after a missile struck near his home in Kramatorsk, in eastern Ukraine, on July 7.

A house engulfed in flames after multiple rockets hit a residential area in Bakhmut on July 10.

Hennady Kononenko, 74, and his wife Nina, 76, outside their damaged home after it was hit by shelling in Sloviansk, in the Donetsk region, on July 5.

In front of a destroyed housing block in Hostomel, a suburb of Kyiv, on July 7.

The ruins of houses destroyed by Russian shelling in Moschun, a village near Kyiv, on July 7.

Members of the Azov Regiment near the front lines in the Zaporizhzhia region, eastern Ukraine, on July 21. The regiment began as a far-right militia, and Russian propagandists have pointed to it as evidence to support their unfounded claims about the influence of Nazism in Ukraine.

At the site of a missile strike in Dnipro, one of Ukraine’s most populous cities, on July 15.

Neighbors trying to extinguish a fire in a residential area of Bakhmut, minutes after multiple rockets struck there on July 10.

A girl looking at ammunition on display during a mine safety lesson in Kyiv on July 26.

Residents in Mykolaiv on July 22 collecting water brought in daily from Odesa after Russian forces severed some pipes.

A Ukrainian man from Pokrovsk on a train that was evacuating people from the area on July 31.

Children napping on July 25 at a center in Kyiv that provides services for young people.

June

A Ukrainian Army medical unit giving aid on June 29 to a soldier who had been injured by a strike at the front line in the Donetsk region.

Ukrainian soldiers at the scene of a missile strike on what appeared to be a military depot in the eastern town of Druzhkivka on June 20.

Miners at the start of a shift in the Donetsk region on June 8.

A man in Mykolaiv on June 20 recovering from multiple injuries sustained during an explosion.

Police officers and forensic investigators on June 13 exhuming the bodies of men believed to be civilians who were killed by Russian forces in March near Vorzel, in the Kyiv region.

Oleh Turash on June 8, revisiting the basement of a school in Yahidne, in northern Ukraine, where he was held with over 300 villagers by Russian forces in March.

Mass in Odesa on June 23.

Doctors and nurses working to stabilize a Ukrainian soldier who had been wounded in the leg and torso by shrapnel from a Russian artillery strike near Izium, at a hospital in Sloviansk, on June 1.

A U.S.-supplied weapon firing at Russian positions in the Donetsk region on June 21.

Residents evacuating Lysychansk, in eastern Ukraine, on June 13.

School graduates dancing in front of the opera and ballet theater in Odesa on June 15.

An unexploded Russian rocket in Lysychansk on June 8.

A Ukrainian soldier at a mass grave in the hills above the city of Lysychansk, in eastern Ukraine, on June 16.

Praying and singing at the funeral for Artemiy Dymyd, a soldier, at the Lychakiv cemetery in Lviv, western Ukraine, on June 21.

Balloons for sale in the center of Lviv on June 26.

May

The family of Yurii Huk, 41, outside SS. Peter and Paul Garrison Church in Lviv during his funeral on May 16. He died during an artillery bombardment in eastern Ukraine on May 9.

Ukrainian troops firing artillery at Russian positions in the Donetsk region on May 22.

Destroyed vehicles at a complex bombed by Russian forces on May 23 in the frontline town of Bakhmut in the Donetsk region.

Volunteers from Britain and Ukraine working with the aid organization Vostok-SOS carrying Zinaida Riabtseva, who is 77 and blind, down five flights of stairs during a May 30 evacuation in Bakhmut.

Ukrainian soldiers loading onto an armored vehicle as they head toward the front near the city of Kramatorsk in the Donetsk region on May 25.

Mykola Telegin clearing debris in his daughter’s apartment after a Russian strike hit a residential area in Sloviansk on May 31.

The body of a Russian soldier on May 19 outside the destroyed school in Vilkhivka, a village that had been occupied for weeks by Russian forces.

An overturned car in front of a house in the Saltivka neighborhood of Kharkiv, Ukraine, on May 27.

Ukrainian artillery personnel in the Donetsk region on May 22.

Emergency workers removing the remains of four Russian soldiers after a strike by Ukrainian artillery on their position in the previously occupied village of Malaya Rohan outside the city of Kharkiv on May 18.

Irpin, a suburb of Kyiv, in ruins on May 2 after weeks of fierce fighting between Russian and Ukrainian forces.

A Ukrainian sniper putting a suppressor on his rifle at a small base in the eastern Ukrainian town of Barvinkove in the Kharkiv region on May 22.

Friends and family members mourning Yurii Kaniuk, 27, at his home in the Lviv region. On May 23, not far from the village of Yakovlivka, in the Donetsk region, he was shot while on a special investigative assignment.

A Ukrainian soldier trying to salvage an abandoned heavy machine gun from an abandoned Russian tank on May 25 in the Siversky Donets River. The failed river crossing that took place at the spot over several days in early May was one of the most lethal engagements of the war for the Russian Army.

The twin sisters Nika and Miya, 3, on May 8 surveying vehicles destroyed in the war near Irpin.

April

Tatyana Petrovna, 72, in the garden of a home in Bucha where the bodies of three civilians lay on April 4.

Exhuming bodies from a mass grave in Bucha on April 8.

Russian rocket damage in a neighborhood in central Kharkiv on April 17.

Vasyl Kuprienko walking through his flooded street toward his home in the town of Demydiv, near Kyiv, on April 24. The town was flooded after Ukraine made the tactical decision to release waters from a hydroelectric dam between the Irpin River and the Kyiv Reservoir to block the Russian military advance.

Bodies in Bucha on April 6, after Russian forces retreated.

Ukrainian soldiers attempting to salvage parts from a destroyed Russian armored vehicle in the recently liberated town of Bucha on April 3.

A classroom on April 4 at a school that was used as a base for Russian troops in Bucha.

Maksim Syroizhko, a Ukrainian soldier, with his girlfriend, Yana Matvapaeva, on April 21 in Kyiv. The couple said that they had been together for the past five years but, until that day, had not seen each other since the war began.

A monument to those killed in the World Wars, damaged from shrapnel blasts, in the Kyiv suburb of Horenka on April 16.

Volodymir Naumets, 10, attending the funeral of his mother, Maryna, 33, at a cemetery in Bucha with his stepfather, Ivan Drahun, 40, on the outskirts of Kyiv on April 20.

A hand protruding from a mass grave in Bucha on April 3.

The body of a civilian, reportedly killed by Russian forces, on the street in Bucha on April 2.

Ukrainian soldier Hlib Kihitov, 21, paying his final respects to his twin brother, Ehor Kihitov, 21, who was killed along with nearly two dozen of his fellow soldiers in an artillery strike in Popasna in the eastern Luhansk region, during his funeral in the western city of Lviv, on April 26.

A snow-dusted loaf of bread on a bench next to pooled blood in a park where local residents said at least two people were killed by mortar fire on April 4.

Vasyl, probably killed as he worked on a power pylon when a Russian cluster munition detonated on a street in Babai, a Kharkiv suburb, in April.

A Russian sign left behind on the wall of Valriy Tymchuk’s home in Lypivka, Ukraine, on April 15.

Family members mourning Oleksandr Pokhodenko and Mykola Pysariv on April 26 in Zmiiv, Ukraine.

The bodies of four older people at a nursing home in Bucha on April 7. The coroner, after a brief examination, said that they and others found dead at the nursing home could have died of hunger.

Iryna Abramova at the grave of her husband, Oleh Abramov, on April 26. He was killed by Russian forces outside their home in Bucha.

A retired teacher known as Auntie Lyuda was killed on March 5. Her dog was still waiting outside her home more than a month later.

Four freshly dug graves, for an early-morning funeral, at a cemetery in Irpin on April 16.

Residents of Bucha, a town retaken by Ukraine, reaching for food distributed by Ukrainian soldiers on April 2.

The body of a civilian covered by a plastic sheet near Bucha on April 3.

Dozens of vehicles and some people on foot, clinging to their belongings, streaming into Kharkiv on April 29, fleeing fighting in a town to the north.

A neighbor unfurling a blanket on April 8 as police investigators examined the body of a woman found in a potato cellar at the back of a house in Bucha. The woman had a gunshot wound to the head and had been covered in a fur coat, though she was naked underneath.

A basement in a children’s sanitarium in Bucha on April 9, with congealed blood on the wall and ground, and bullet marks also visible on the wall. After the area was liberated, the bodies of five people were found in the building with their hands bound.

March

Ukrainian soldiers trying to save a mortally wounded man moments after a group of civilians was hit by a mortar in Irpin on March 6.

A Russian missile hit barracks in Mykolaiv used by airborne troops of the Ukrainian Army. Several soldiers were killed in the attack, which took off the facade of the building, leaving gray steel bunk beds visible from the front courtyard on March 8.

Ukrainian soldiers waiting to advance during an operation to clear out remaining Russian forces in Irpin on March 29.

Civilians being evacuated across the Irpin River into Kyiv on March 8.

Firefighters on March 8 extinguishing a blaze in a vegetable storage building in Mykolaiv that was struck by Russian missiles.

Ilona Koval, center, choreographer for the Ukrainian national figure skating team, fleeing Ukraine with her daughter, left, and others on March 1.

Taria, 27, in a tent where she was living with her two children, and other Ukrainian families in a subway station on March 2. Many of them had been there for about a week as Russian and Ukrainian forces fought on the outskirts of Kyiv.

A Ukrainian mother and her newborn in a maternity ward in the basement of a hospital in Kyiv on March 2.

Boarding an evacuation train in Odesa on March 15.

Emergency employees and volunteers carrying an injured pregnant woman from a maternity hospital damaged by Russian shelling in Mariupol on March 9. She was reported to have later died.

The morgue in Mykolaiv on March 12. Casualties, both military and civilian, accumulated so fast that the authorities could barely keep pace, with bodies stacked side by side or on top of one another, covered in sheets or carpets, if at all.

A soldier from a unit of Ukrainian and foreign fighters conducting an operation in Irpin on March 29.

Anzhelika Verveyko, center, at the funeral on March 6 for her husband, a sergeant who was killed in an artillery strike on his position north of Kyiv on Feb. 27.

A Ukrainian volunteer fighter outside the civilian airport in Mykolaiv on March 10.

February

The body of a Russian soldier in Kharkiv on Feb. 25 next to an armored vehicle that Ukrainian soldiers said was Russian.

A residential building in Kyiv on Feb. 25 after it was hit by missiles.

Julia, a teacher and a volunteer, waiting to be deployed to fight Russian troops around Kyiv on Feb. 26.

Volunteers filling sand bags in Kropyvnytskyi, southern Ukraine, on Feb. 27, in an effort to fortify the city’s defenses.

Covering a body after bombings in Chuhuiv, eastern Ukraine, on Feb. 24.

Damage from Russian attacks on radar arrays and other equipment at a Ukrainian military site outside Mariupol on Feb. 24.

Lining up at a long-distance bus station in the center of Kyiv on Feb. 24.

The Ukrainian flag at a checkpoint near the village of Hushchyntsi, central Ukraine, on Feb. 25.

Military volunteers receiving weapons in Fastiv, in the Kyiv region, on Feb. 25.

Sunday service at St. Paraskeva Orthodox Church in Kalynivka, Ukraine, on Feb. 27.

Dusk in Kyiv on Feb. 24 as Russian forces advanced on the city.