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Deep learning (DL) has been widely applied to forecast the sales volume of household appliances with high accuracy. Unfortunately, in small towns, due to the limited amount of historical sales data, it is difficult to forecast household appliance sales accurately. To overcome the above-mentioned challenge, we propose a novel household appliance sales forecasting algorithm based on transfer learning, temporal convolutional network (TCN), long short-term memory (LSTM), and attention mechanism (called “TransTLA”). Firstly, we combine TCN and LSTM to exploit the spatiotemporal correlation of sales data. Secondly, we utilize the attention mechanism to make full use of the features of sales data. Finally, in order to mitigate the impact of data scarcity and regional differences, a transfer learning technique is used to improve the predictive performance in small towns, with the help of the learning experience from the megacity. The experimental outcomes reveal that the proposed TransTLA model significantly outperforms traditional forecasting methods in predicting small town household appliance sales volumes. Specifically, TransTLA achieves an average mean absolute error (MAE) improvement of 27.60% over LSTM, 9.23% over convolutional neural networks (CNN), and 11.00% over the CNN-LSTM-Attention model across one to four step-ahead predictions. This study addresses the data scarcity problem in small town sales forecasting, helping businesses improve inventory management, enhance customer satisfaction, and contribute to a more efficient supply chain, benefiting the overall economy. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Big Data: Analysis, Mining and Applications)

51 pages, 1790 KiB

Open AccessReview

Role of Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells in Head and Neck Cancer—Regulatory Mechanisms of Tumorigenic and Immune Activity, Chemotherapy Resistance, and Therapeutic Benefits of Stromal Cell-Based Pharmacological Strategies

by Katarzyna Starska-Kowarska

Cells 2024, 13(15), 1270; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells13151270 (registering DOI) - 28 Jul 2024

Abstract

Head and neck cancer (HNC) entails a heterogenous neoplastic disease that arises from the mucosal epithelium of the upper respiratory system and the gastrointestinal tract. It is characterized by high morbidity and mortality, being the eighth most common cancer worldwide. It is believed that the mesenchymal/stem stromal cells (MSCs) present in the tumour milieu play a key role in the modulation of tumour initiation, development and patient outcomes; they also influence the resistance to cisplatin-based chemotherapy, the gold standard for advanced HNC. MSCs are multipotent, heterogeneous and mobile cells. Although no MSC-specific markers exist, they can be recognized based on several others, such as CD73, CD90 and CD105, while lacking the presence of CD45, CD34, CD14 or CD11b, CD79α, or CD19 and HLA-DR antigens; they share phenotypic similarity with stromal cells and their capacity to differentiate into other cell types. In the tumour niche, MSC populations are characterized by cell quiescence, self-renewal capacity, low reactive oxygen species production and the acquisition of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition properties. They may play a key role in the process of acquiring drug resistance and thus in treatment failure. The present narrative review examines the links between MSCs and HNC, as well as the different mechanisms involved in the development of resistance to current chemo-radiotherapies in HNC. It also examines the possibilities of pharmacological targeting of stemness-related chemoresistance in HNSCC. It describes promising new strategies to optimize chemoradiotherapy, with the potential to personalize patient treatment approaches, and highlights future therapeutic perspectives in HNC. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Stromal Cells—Structure, Function and Therapeutics Development)

22 pages, 5611 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Hormone (LHRH)-Conjugated Cancer Drug Delivery from Magnetite Nanoparticle-Modified Microporous Poly-Di-Methyl-Siloxane (PDMS) Systems for the Targeted Treatment of Triple Negative Breast Cancer Cells

by Stanley C. Eluu, John D. Obayemi, Danyuo Yiporo, Ali A. Salifu, Augustine O. Oko, Killian Onwudiwe, Toyin Aina, Josephine C. Oparah, Chukwudi C. Ezeala, Precious O. Etinosa, Sarah A. Osafo, Malachy C. Ugwu, Charles O. Esimone and Winston O. Soboyejo

J. Funct. Biomater. 2024, 15(8), 209; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb15080209 (registering DOI) - 28 Jul 2024

Abstract

This study presents LHRH conjugated drug delivery via a magnetite nanoparticle-modified microporous Poly-Di-Methyl-Siloxane (PDMS) system for the targeted suppression of triple-negative breast cancer cells. First, the MNP-modified PDMS devices are fabricated before loading with targeted and untargeted cancer drugs. The release kinetics from the devices are then studied before fitting the results to the Korsmeyer–Peppas model. Cell viability and cytotoxicity assessments are then presented using results from the Alamar blue assay. Apoptosis induction is then elucidated using flow cytometry. The in vitro drug release studies demonstrated a sustained and controlled release of unconjugated drugs (Prodigiosin and paclitaxel) and conjugated drugs [LHRH conjugated paclitaxel (PTX-LHRH) and LHRH-conjugated prodigiosin (PG-LHRH)] from the magnetite nanoparticle modified microporous PDMS devices for 30 days at 37 °C, 41 °C, and 44 °C. At 24, 48, 72, and 96 h, the groups loaded with conjugated drugs (PG+LHRH and PTX+LHRH) had a significantly higher (p > 0.05) percentage cell growth inhibition than the groups loaded with unconjugated drugs (PG and PTX). Additionally, throughout the study, the MNP+PDMS (without drug) group exhibited a steady rise in the percentage of cell growth inhibition. The flow cytometry results revealed a high incidence of early and late-stage apoptosis. The implications of the results are discussed for the development of biomedical devices for the localized and targeted release of cancer drugs that can prevent cancer recurrence following tumor resection. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Functional Nanoparticles/Nanocomposites for Biomedical Applications)

15 pages, 5570 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Comparative Analysis of Machine Learning Techniques Using RGB Imaging for Nitrogen Stress Detection in Maize

by Sumaira Ghazal, Namratha Kommineni and Arslan Munir

AI 2024, 5(3), 1286-1300; https://doi.org/10.3390/ai5030062 (registering DOI) - 28 Jul 2024

Abstract

Proper nitrogen management in crops is crucial to ensure optimal growth and yield maximization. While hyperspectral imagery is often used for nitrogen status estimation in crops, it is not feasible for real-time applications due to the complexity and high cost associated with it. Much of the research utilizing RGB data for detecting nitrogen stress in plants relies on datasets obtained under laboratory settings, which limits its usability in practical applications. This study focuses on identifying nitrogen deficiency in maize crops using RGB imaging data from a publicly available dataset obtained under field conditions. We have proposed a custom-built vision transformer model for the classification of maize into three stress classes. Additionally, we have analyzed the performance of convolutional neural network models, including ResNet50, EfficientNetB0, InceptionV3, and DenseNet121, for nitrogen stress estimation. Our approach involves transfer learning with fine-tuning, adding layers tailored to our specific application. Our detailed analysis shows that while vision transformer models generalize well, they converge prematurely with a higher loss value, indicating the need for further optimization. In contrast, the fine-tuned CNN models classify the crop into stressed, non-stressed, and semi-stressed classes with higher accuracy, achieving a maximum accuracy of 97% with EfficientNetB0 as the base model. This makes our fine-tuned EfficientNetB0 model a suitable candidate for practical applications in nitrogen stress detection. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Artificial Intelligence in Agriculture)

18 pages, 3081 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Synergistic Indole-3-Acetic Acid-Producing Synthetic Bacterial Consortium Benefits Walnut Seedling Growth

by Qi Cheng, Shanshan Sun, Xin Ning, Minhang Qiao, Wenxuan Chen, Pengrui Zhang, Kai Liu and Yanqin Ding

Agronomy 2024, 14(8), 1657; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14081657 (registering DOI) - 28 Jul 2024

Abstract

Synthetic microbial communities (SynComs) have been shown to be an ecofriendly alternative for promoting plant growth. However, the mechanisms by which SynCom inoculants drive plant growth promotion in rhizosphere soil are still not fully explored. Herein, we designed a three-strain consortium based on the biocompatibility among strains and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) production. The consortium containing Bacillus safensis 5-49, Bacillus stratosphericus 5-54, and Bacillus halotolerans 6-30 possessed a synergistic effect on IAA production and biofilm formation. Genetic analysis suggested that IAA was synthesized through tryptophan-dependent pathways in the strains. The consortium outperformed the plant growth-promoting effect observed with single strains, showing an increase in walnut (Juglans regia) seedling dry weight by 92.3% over the non-inoculated plants after 60 days of cultivation. This effect was underpinned by the synergistic interactions of the consortium, which was evidenced by the significantly increased relative abundance of Bacillus and tryptophan metabolism-associated genes in the rhizosphere of consortium-inoculated plants. Meanwhile, the consortium increased the relative abundance of indigenous Pseudomonas in rhizosphere soil, providing a synergistic effect on improving soil enzyme activities and thus available nutrients. The available N, P, and K contents in the consortium-inoculated plant rhizosphere were 3.77–28.4% higher than those in non-inoculated samples. This work provided an efficient bacterial consortium and proposed the mode of action by which this consortium improved plant growth and soil fertility. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Horticultural and Floricultural Crops)

17 pages, 2233 KiB

Open AccessArticle

QCL Infrared Spectroscopy Combined with Machine Learning as a Useful Tool for Classifying Acetaminophen Tablets by Brand

by José A. Martínez-Trespalacios, Daniel E. Polo-Herrera, Tamara Y. Félix-Massa, Samuel P. Hernandez-Rivera, Joaquín Hernandez-Fernandez, Fredy Colpas-Castillo and John R. Castro-Suarez

Molecules 2024, 29(15), 3562; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29153562 (registering DOI) - 28 Jul 2024

Abstract

The development of new methods of identification of active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) is a subject of paramount importance for research centers, the pharmaceutical industry, and law enforcement agencies. Here, a system for identifying and classifying pharmaceutical tablets containing acetaminophen (AAP) by brand has been developed. In total, 15 tablets of 11 brands for a total of 165 samples were analyzed. Mid-infrared vibrational spectroscopy with multivariate analysis was employed. Quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) were used as mid-infrared sources. IR spectra in the spectral range 980–1600 cm⁻¹ were recorded. Five different classification methods were used. First, a spectral search through correlation indices. Second, machine learning algorithms such as principal component analysis (PCA), support vector classification (SVC), decision tree classifier (DTC), and artificial neural network (ANN) were employed to classify tablets by brands. SNV and first derivative were used as preprocessing to improve the spectral information. Precision, recall, specificity, F1-score, and accuracy were used as criteria to evaluate the best SVC, DEE, and ANN classification models obtained. The IR spectra of the tablets show characteristic vibrational signals of AAP and other APIs present. Spectral classification by spectral search and PCA showed limitations in differentiating between brands, particularly for tablets containing AAP as the only API. Machine learning models, specifically SVC, achieved high accuracy in classifying AAP tablets according to their brand, even for brands containing only AAP. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Spectroscopy in Applied Chemistry)

23 pages, 898 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Field Cricket (Gryllus bimaculatus) and Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) Powders as Environmentally Friendly Protein Enrichment Ingredients in Corn Snacks

by Millena Ruszkowska, Małgorzata Tańska, Joanna Miedzianka and Przemysław Łukasz Kowalczewski

Foods 2024, 13(15), 2390; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13152390 (registering DOI) - 28 Jul 2024

Abstract

Unconventional protein sources are currently extensively studied as food ingredients. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of 1.5% and 3% field cricket powder (GB) and 2–8% of its mixture (1:1) with spirulina powder (S) on the nutritional value, physicochemical properties, and sensory characteristics of corn extrudates. Additionally, 2% baking powder (BP) was added to assess its impact on the properties of the enriched extrudates. The results showed that both GB and GB + S improved nutritional value, with protein content increasing by up to 46% and higher levels of essential amino acids, particularly leucine and valine. However, these ingredients decreased the expansion ratio (by up to 15%), colour lightness (by up to 30%), and yellowness (by up to 47%) and increased the hardness (by up to 25%) of the corn extrudates. The S addition positively influenced product storage stability but decreased its sensory acceptance, especially aroma and taste. The BP addition mitigated the negative effects of higher GB and GB + S concentrations, particularly on sensory characteristics. In conclusion, incorporating up to 6% of the GB + S mixture provides a higher protein content with only minor changes to the product’s characteristics compared to GB. Ratings exceeding 4.2 points indicate the good acceptability of these snacks. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Food Physics and (Bio)Chemistry)

25 pages, 562 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Impact of Digital Technology Innovation on the Supply Chain Position: Micro Evidence from the Chinese New Energy Vehicle Companies

by Hao Wang, Qinyi Han, Tao Ma and Nairong Tan

Systems 2024, 12(8), 272; https://doi.org/10.3390/systems12080272 (registering DOI) - 28 Jul 2024

Abstract

With the rapid development of digital technology and the increasing focus on the global supply chain network, it has become a new challenge for international companies to select digital technology innovation projects in an efficient way, so as to improve their supply chain position and competitiveness. Prior works have identified the effects of digital technology adoption on companies’ supply chain positions; however, there has been limited research on the impact of digital technology innovation heterogeneity on companies’ supply chain position and the pathways through which this effect plays out. Hence, based on the global supply chain panel data from Chinese new energy vehicle companies, this study used a two-way fixed-effects model and causal stepwise regression analysis to study the impact of digital technological innovation on companies’ supply chain position and the dynamic mechanisms between them. The empirical results show that all three types of digital technology innovations, in the design and development process, the production and manufacturing process, and the sales and after-sales process, significantly enhance the company’s supply chain position. Further mechanism analysis shows that digital technology innovations enhance the company’s managerial efficiency and profitability mainly by reducing costs and increasing revenues, which ultimately improves the company’s supply chain position. This paper can provide a reference for policy makers to promote the application and development of a company’s digital technology and enhancing the supply chain position. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Multi-criteria Decision Making in Supply Chain Management)

12 pages, 1330 KiB

Open AccessCase Report

Reinitiating Chemotherapy beyond Progression after Maintenance Immunotherapy in Extensive-Stage Small-Cell Lung Cancer

by Roxana-Andreea Rahnea-Nita, Radu-Valeriu Toma, Valentin Titus Grigorean, Ionuţ Simion Coman, Violeta Elena Coman, Iancu Emil Pleşea, Anwar Erchid, Gabriel-Petre Gorecki and Gabriela Rahnea-Nita

Medicina 2024, 60(8), 1225; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina60081225 (registering DOI) - 28 Jul 2024

Abstract

Introduction: Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an aggressive form of cancer with a poor prognosis. The two-year survival rate is 8% of all cases. Case presentation: We present the case of a male patient who was 50 years old at the time of diagnosis in May 2022. He was diagnosed with extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer, treated with immunotherapy in combination with chemotherapy (Durvalumab in combination with Etoposide plus Carboplatin) as a first-line treatment, followed by maintenance immunotherapy. In December 2023, a PET-CT scan revealed progressive disease with multiple metastases. Chemotherapy was reinitiated with Etoposide plus Cisplatin in January 2024. After two cycles of chemotherapy, the patient developed post-chemotherapy anemia, for which treatment with Epoetinum alpha was initiated. Chemotherapy was continued for another five cycles, until May 2024, with the maintenance of hemoglobin at a level within 9.9 mg/dL–11 mg/dL. Upon assessment at the end of May 2024, the patient presented an ECOG = 2 performance status, with a moderate general state, moderate-intensity fatigue, no pain, no anxiety or depression and no dyspnea. Discussions, Literature Review and Conclusions: Reinitiating chemotherapy after the failure of maintenance immunotherapy may be an option in patients with SCLC. Epoetinum allows oncological treatment by preventing chemotherapy-induced anemia. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Cancer Multimodal Approaches: Biomarkers, Mechanisms, Surgical Procedures and Oncological Therapies, 2nd Edition)

22 pages, 8158 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Chloride Resistance of Assembled Bridge Piers Reinforced with Epoxy-Coated Steel Bars

by Dazhang Fan, Hailong Wang, Hongquan Xu and Tingquan He

Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(15), 6609; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14156609 (registering DOI) - 28 Jul 2024

Abstract

To reveal the influence of joint type and epoxy-coated steel bar surface damage on the durability of assembled bridge piers, this study simulated the potential damage to epoxy-coated steel bars at various stages of an actual construction process by bending, scratching, and knocking. The pier inter-segmental joint and the pier-bearing platform joint were designed to highlight the critical zones affecting the durability of sea-crossing bridge substructures. The migration of chloride ions into the concrete was accelerated by applying a constant voltage DC electric field. The electrochemical indexes of epoxy-coated steel bars and chloride ion content in concrete were measured regularly. Results show that the corrosion risk and corrosion rate of steel bars increase significantly when the damaged area ratio of epoxy coating is higher than 5%. The chloride ion transport rate at the interface of the pier-bearing platform joint is about 5 times that of the pier inter-segmental joint. The service life of the pier-bearing platform joint is only 1/2 that of the pier inter-segmental joint when epoxy-coated steel bars with the same treatment are used. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Civil Engineering)

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4 pages, 1251 KiB

Open AccessInteresting Images

Obstructive Tracheobronchitis in Influenza-Associated Pulmonary Aspergillosis

by Shuyi Zhang, Chen Shang, Zhangjun Tan and Wen Li

Diagnostics 2024, 14(15), 1628; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14151628 (registering DOI) - 28 Jul 2024

Abstract

We report a bronchoscopic image of a 36-year-old with significant airway obstruction from obstructive tracheobronchitis secondary to invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. It is rare to see such a severe form of obstructive tracheobronchitis, likely caused by the patient’sp immunocompromised status and rapid progression nature [...] Read more.

(This article belongs to the Section Medical Imaging and Theranostics)

13 pages, 5531 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effects of the Severity of Stenosis on Clinical Outcomes of Indirect Decompression Using Oblique Lumbar Interbody Fusion

by Dong-Ho Kang, Jonghyuk Baek, Bong-Soon Chang, Hyoungmin Kim, Seong Hwa Hong and Sam Yeol Chang

J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(15), 4421; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13154421 (registering DOI) - 28 Jul 2024

Abstract

Background: No consensus has been reached regarding the efficacy of indirect decompression through oblique lumbar interbody fusion (OLIF) in severe lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS). This study investigated the impact of preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based grading of central and foraminal stenosis on OLIF outcomes in LSS patients and identified risk factors for postoperative clinical dissatisfaction. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed LSS patients who underwent OLIF with a minimum 1-year follow-up. Clinical scores obtained preoperatively and at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months postoperatively were analyzed using the substantial clinical benefit (SCB) framework. The severity of central and foraminal stenosis in the initial MRI was assessed through qualitative grading systems. Results: Among the 145 patients, with a mean follow-up of 33.7 months, those with severe central stenosis showed a significantly higher proportion of patients achieving SCB in the visual analog scale for leg pain (94.5% versus 83.1%; p = 0.044) at one year postoperatively than those without. However, those with severe foraminal stenosis showed significantly higher Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) scores (p = 0.024), and lower walking ability scores in the Japanese Orthopedic Association Back Pain Evaluation Questionnaire (JOABPEQ) (p = 0.004) at one year postoperatively than those without. The presence of a foraminal osteophyte of the superior articular process (SAP) was a significant risk factor responsible for not achieving SCB in ODI and walking ability in JOABPEQ at one year postoperatively (odds ratio: 0.20 and 0.22, respectively). Conclusions: After OLIF, patients with severe central stenosis showed clinical outcomes comparable to those without. The improvement in ODI and walking ability in JOABPEQ was limited in patients with severe foraminal stenosis. Surgeons should consider direct decompression in cases with the presence of foraminal osteophytes of SAP. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Lumbar Spine Surgery: Clinical Updates and Perspective)

19 pages, 2379 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Mangiferin Induces Post-Implant Osteointegration in Male Diabetic Rats

by Bünyamin Ongan, Ömer Ekici, Gökhan Sadi, Esra Aslan and Mehmet Bilgehan Pektaş

Medicina 2024, 60(8), 1224; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina60081224 (registering DOI) - 28 Jul 2024

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Hyperglycemia is known to undermine the osteointegration process of implants. In this study, the effects of mangiferin (MF) on the post-implant osteointegration process in a type-II diabetes model were investigated molecularly and morphologically. Materials and Methods: Sprague Dawley male rats were divided into three groups: control, diabetes, and diabetes + MF. All animals were implanted in their tibia bones on day 0. At the end of the 3-month experimental period, the animals’ blood and the implant area were isolated. Biochemical measurements were performed on blood samples and micro-CT, qRT-PCR, histological, and immunohistochemical measurements were performed on tibia samples. Results: MF significantly improved the increased glucose, triglyceride-VLDL levels, and liver enzymes due to diabetes. By administering MF to diabetic rats, the osteointegration percentage and bone volume increased while porosity decreased. DKK1 and BMP-2 mRNA expressions and OPN, OCN, and OSN mRNA–protein expressions increased by MF administration in diabetic rats. Additionally, while osteoblast and osteoid surface areas increased with MF, osteoclast and eroded surface areas decreased. Conclusions: The findings of our study indicate that MF will be beneficial to the bone-repairing process and osteointegration, which are impaired by type-II diabetes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Orthopedics)

18 pages, 1725 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Enrichment of Fruit Peels’ Nutritional Value by Solid-State Fermentation with Aspergillus ibericus and Rhizopus oryzae

by Liliana P. Araújo, Helena Vilela, Joana Solinho, Rita Pinheiro, Isabel Belo and Marlene Lopes

Molecules 2024, 29(15), 3563; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29153563 (registering DOI) - 28 Jul 2024

Abstract

The fruit processing industry is responsible for disposing of huge amounts of byproducts, especially fruit peels (FPs), which are often discarded in landfills. Using FPs in biotechnological processes contributes to a circular economy, reducing the environmental burden of FPs and increasing the revenue of the fruit processing industry. This study was focused on upgrading the nutritional value of orange (OPs) and banana (BPs) peels by solid-state fermentation (SSF) with filamentous fungi. SSF factors (moisture, fermentation time, inoculum size, ammonium sulfate (AS), and corn steep liquor (CSL)) and fungi species (Aspergillus ibericus and Rhizopus oryzae) were studied by a variable screening Plackett–Burman design. Both fungi grew on untreated FPs, increasing their protein content and antioxidant activity. Moisture, AS, and CSL were further studied by a Box–Behnken design with A. ibericus. Fermented OPs at 70% moisture and 0.005 g/g AS increased their protein content by 200%, whereas BPs at 70% moisture and 0.005 g/g CSL increased by 123%. Fermented peels were enriched in protein, fiber, and minerals, with a low content of carbohydrates and soluble sugars. Fermented OPs and BPs showed higher antioxidant activity than unfermented peels. The SSF of these FPs is an innovative approach that contributes to obtaining rich nutrient-fermented peels for food. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Biomass Chemicals: Transformation and Valorization)

8 pages, 468 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Comparative Analysis of Ketorolac and Parecoxib for Postoperative Pain Management in Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty

by Cheng-Yu Hsieh, Chuan-Hung Sun, Chung-Ching Lin and Yi-Fan Chou

J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(15), 4422; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13154422 (registering DOI) - 28 Jul 2024

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP) is a prevalent surgical procedure for treating obstructive sleep apnea. Effective postoperative pain management is crucial for patient comfort and recovery. This study aimed to compare the analgesic efficacies of parecoxib and ketorolac in patients undergoing UPPP. Methods: A prospective, randomized, double-blind study was conducted on 83 patients who received either parecoxib (40 mg intravenously every 12 h) or ketorolac (30 mg intravenously every 8 h) for 2 days following UPPP. Postoperative pain and swallowing discomfort were assessed using visual analog scales (VASs) at 4, 24, 48, and 72 h. The time to resume eating and adverse reactions were also recorded. Results: At 24 and 48 h postoperatively, the mean VAS score was significantly higher in the ketorolac group compared to the parecoxib group (5.0 ± 2.3 vs. 3.6 ± 2.2, p = 0.005 and 3.9 ± 2.2 vs. 2.5 ± 1.7, p < 0.001, respectively). However, no significant difference in the mean VAS scores was observed between the two groups at 72 h postoperatively. With regards to postoperative swallowing pain, the ketorolac group exhibited significantly higher mean VAS scores than the parecoxib group at 4, 24, 48, and 72 h postoperatively. Conclusions: Intravenous parecoxib may offer superior analgesic benefits in the early postoperative period, particularly in alleviating swallowing pain, compared to ketorolac in UPPP procedures. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Aging and Obstructive Sleep Apnea)

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