Mechanisms and Functions of Sweet Reception in Oral and Extraoral Organs
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Mechanisms for Sweet Reception
3. Mechanisms for Sweet Modulation
4. The Functions of Sweet Detection in the Oral Cavity
5. The Functions of Sweet Detection in the Intestine
6. The Functions of Sweet Detection in the Pancreas
7. The Functions of Sweet Detection in the Brain
8. Functions of Sweet Detection in Other Organs
9. Conclusions and Future Directions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
2-AG | 2-arachidonoyl glycerol |
2-NBDG | 2-[N-(7-Nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl)amino]-2-deoxy-D-glucose |
AC | adenylyl cyclase |
ADM | adrenomedullin |
AEA | N-arachidonoylethanolamine |
AgRP | agouti-related protein |
AHL | acyl-homoserine lactone |
AMPK | AMP-activated protein kinase |
AP | action potential |
ARC | arcuate nucleus |
ATD | amino-terminal domain |
CCK | cholecystokinin |
Chat | choline acetyltransferase |
CPIR | cephalic phase insulin release |
CRD | cysteine-rich linker domain |
CTx | collagen type I C-telopeptide |
GFAP | glial fibrillary acidic protein |
GLP-1(or 2) | glucagon-like peptide-1 (or 2) |
GLUT | glucose transporter |
IP3 | inositol-1,4,5-triophosphate |
IP3R3 | inositol-1,4,5-triophosphate receptor type 3 |
Kir6.1 | inwardly rectifying potassium channel 6.1 |
KO | knockout |
MDG | methyl-α-D-glucopyranoside |
nNOS | neuronal nitric oxide synthase |
PI3K | phosphoinositide 3-kinase |
PINP | procollagen type 1 N-terminal propeptide |
PIP3 | phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate |
PKA | protein kinase A |
PLCβ2 | phospholipase Cβ2 |
POMC | pro-opiomelanocortin |
SCC | solitary chemosensory cell |
sGC | soluble guanylate cyclase |
SGLT | sodium–glucose cotransporter |
SUR1 | sulfonylurea receptor 1 |
TAS1R2(or 3) | taste receptor family 1 members 2 (or 3) |
TMD | transmembrane domain |
TRPM5 | transient receptor potential channel M5 |
VFTM | Venus flytrap module |
VGSC | voltage-gated sodium channel |
WT | wild-type |
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Organ | Receptor | Function | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
Oral cavity | TAS1Rs | an inherently preferable signal | [17,18,88,89,90,91,92] |
GLUTs/SGLTs | cephalic phase insulin release | [94,95,96,97] | |
Intestine | TAS1Rs | enhancement of glucose absorption | [98,99,100,101,102,103] |
SGLTs | preference for sugars | [104,105,106,107,108,109,110,111,112] | |
SGLTs | regulation of food intake | [113,114,115] | |
Pancreas | TAS1Rs | regulation of insulin secretion | [116,117,118,119] |
GLUTs | insulin secretion | [120] | |
Brain | TAS1Rs | regulation of neural activity (food intake) | [121,122] |
TAS1Rs | learning and memory functions | [123] | |
GLUTs | regulation of neural activity (food intake) | [124,125] | |
Respiratory epithelium | TAS1Rs | prevention of bacterial proliferation | [126] |
Bone | TAS1Rs | bone remodeling | [127,128,129] |
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Yoshida, R.; Ninomiya, Y. Mechanisms and Functions of Sweet Reception in Oral and Extraoral Organs. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25, 7398. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25137398
Yoshida R, Ninomiya Y. Mechanisms and Functions of Sweet Reception in Oral and Extraoral Organs. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2024; 25(13):7398. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25137398
Chicago/Turabian StyleYoshida, Ryusuke, and Yuzo Ninomiya. 2024. "Mechanisms and Functions of Sweet Reception in Oral and Extraoral Organs" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 13: 7398. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25137398