Postmortem Immunohistochemical Findings in Early Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Systematic Review
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Complement Factors and CD 59
2.2. Myoglobin (MB)
2.3. Fibrinogen
2.4. Desmin
2.5. Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNF-α), P-38, and JNK (Jun N Terminal Kinase)
2.6. Transforming Growth Factor β1 (TGF-β1)
2.7. Cardiac Troponins
2.8. H-FABP (Heart Fatty Acid Binding Protein)
2.9. Dityrosine
2.10. Fibronectin
2.11. CD 15
2.12. CD 18
2.13. ICAM 1
2.14. ILs (Interleukins)
2.15. Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 (MCP 1)
2.16. Tryptase
2.17. Adiponectin
2.18. Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor (MIF)
3. Discussion
3.1. Agonal Myocardial Immunohistochemical Changes
3.2. Myocardial Immunohistochemical Changes Following Autolysis and Putrefaction
3.3. Perimortem Catecholamines
3.4. Gender and Myocardial Ischemic Preconditions
3.5. Overall Considerations
4. Materials and Methods
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Authors_Year | Dating Time Frame of Myocardial Infarction | Subjects | IHC Markers |
---|---|---|---|
Casscells et al._1990 [14] | 4, 24, 48, 72 h, and 7 days | Sprague Dawley rats | Fibronectin |
Brinkmann et al._1993 [15] | 0–80 h | Humans | Myoglobin, desmin, fibrinogen, complement C5b-9 |
Vakeva et al._1994 [16] | 1, 2, 3, 6, 24, or 72 h | Wistar rats | Complement C 1,3,8,9; CD59 |
Mathey et al._1994 [17] | 15–30 min, 1 h, 1.5 h, 2 h, 3 h, 5–6 h, 12–17 h, 22–29 h | Rabbits | C5b-9 |
Robert-Offerman et al._2000 [18] | <6 h, 6–24 h, 24–72 h, day 4–8, >8 days | Humans | Complement factor C9, membrane attack complex (MAC) of complement |
Dai et al._2002 [19] | 1 h, 6 h, 24 h, 3 days, and 7 days | Wistar rats | TNF-α, TGF-β1 |
Yu et al._2003 [20] | 6 h, 1 day, 3 days, 1 week, or 2 weeks | Male Sprague Dawley rats | Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) |
Sumitra et al._2005 [21] | 1st, 2nd, 4th, 8th, 16th and 32nd hour | Wistar rats | C5, C6,C7, C8, C5b-9 |
Díaz et al._2005 [22] | 2–16 h postmortem | Humans | Cardiac troponin C (cTnC) and cardiac troponin T (cTnT) |
Meng et al._2006 [23] | 15 min, 30 min, 1 h, 2 h, 4 h, 8 h | Humans, Wistar rats | Heart fatty acid binding protein (H-FABP) |
Dai et al._2007 [24] | 1 h, 6 h, 1 day, 3 days | Wistar rats | tumor necrosis-alfa, p38, JNK |
Jasra et al._2012 [25] | <6 h, >6 h | Humans | Cardiac troponin-I (CT-I) and complement C9 (C9). |
Turillazzi et al._2014 [26] | From 0–6 h to more than 12 h | Humans | CD15, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-15, IL-8, MCP-1, ICAM-1, CD18, tryptase |
Mayer et al._2014 [27] | 4–24 h | Humans | Dityrosine, fibronectin, C5b-9 |
Gozalo et al._2022 [28] | 0–30 min–2 months | Owl monkeys | C9 complement |
Timeframe | IHC Markers |
---|---|
1 h | C9 complement, myoglobin, desmin, fibrinogen, C5b-9, tumor necrosis alpha, p-38, JNK, TGF-β1, cTnT, CD59. |
2 h | cardiac troponin C (cTnC) |
4 h | H-FABP (heart fatty acid binding protein), dityrosine, fibronectin, CD15, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-15, IL-8, MCP-1, ICAM-1, CD18, tryptase |
6 h | MIF |
Contraction Bands | Particularities |
---|---|
Type 1 | Induced by high fever exposure |
Type 2 | CCC9-positive reaction Specific to acute myocardial infarction |
Type 3 | CCC9-negative reaction, clear SIRT 1-negative reaction Induced by exposure to low temperatures |
Type 4 | CCC9-negative reaction, SIRT 1-positive or inconclusive reaction Induced by cardiopulmonary resuscitation attempts |
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Isailă, O.-M.; Ion, O.M.; Luta, R.; Catinas, R.; Ionita, A.; Haisan, D.; Hostiuc, S. Postmortem Immunohistochemical Findings in Early Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Systematic Review. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25, 7625. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25147625
Isailă O-M, Ion OM, Luta R, Catinas R, Ionita A, Haisan D, Hostiuc S. Postmortem Immunohistochemical Findings in Early Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Systematic Review. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2024; 25(14):7625. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25147625
Chicago/Turabian StyleIsailă, Oana-Maria, Oana Mihaela Ion, Robert Luta, Raluca Catinas, Ana Ionita, Diana Haisan, and Sorin Hostiuc. 2024. "Postmortem Immunohistochemical Findings in Early Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Systematic Review" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 14: 7625. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25147625