Electroretinographic and Optical Coherence Tomographic Evaluations of Eyes with Vitreoretinal Lymphoma
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Patients and Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
VRLs | vitreoretinal lymphomas |
CNS | central nervous system |
PVRLs | primary vitreoretinal lymphomas |
DLBCL | diffuse large B-cell lymphomas |
RPE | retinal pigment epithelium |
OCT | optical coherence tomographic |
EZ | ellipsoid zone |
ERG | electroretinography |
IL | intravitreal interleukin |
IgH | immunoglobulin heavy chain gene |
PPV | pars plana vitrectomy |
MRI | magnetic resonance imaging |
PET | positron emission tomographic |
ISCEV | the International Society for Clinical Electrophysiology of Vision |
PED | pigment epithelium detachment |
IOL | intraocular lymphoma |
AZOOR | acute zonal occult outer retinopathy |
LAR | lymphoma-associated retinopathy |
Key Messages
- The retinal morphology and function of eyes with a vitreoretinal lymphoma (VRL) were systematically analyzed by means of optical coherence tomography (OCT) and electroretinography (ERG), respectively.
- Although the OCT and ERG findings were diverse and inconsistent, eyes with prominent outer retinal layer dysfunction showed outer layer abnormalities and eyes with normal ERG responses showed normal OCT findings.
- ERG can be applied as an optimal technique that provides objective evidence for the prediction of VRL.
References
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Ophthalmic Findings | Vitreous Biopsy | sIL-2R (U/mL) | Multiple Organ Lesions | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Case | Age | Gender | Laterality | Decimal VA | Best Decimal VA | Final Decimal VA | F/U Periods (mo) | Cytology, Class | IL10/IL6 | IgH Gene Rearrangement | Pathological Diagnosis | ||
1 | 69 | F | R | 0.1 | 1 | 0.7 | 15 | class III | undetectable | not done | DLBCL | 264 | Intracranial lesions |
2 | 75 | F | L | 0.2 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 4 | class III | 0.72 | not done | not done | 627 | intracranial lesions |
3 | 38 | M | L | 0.5 | 1.2 | 0.7 | 48 | class II | 237.0 | positive | DLBCL | not done | Intracranial lesions |
4 | 70 | F | L | 0.08 | 0.5 | 0.2 | 11 | class V | undetectable | not done | DLBCL | 291 | intracranial lesions |
5 | 72 | F | R | n.d. | 0.04 | 0.04 | 1 | class III | not done | positive | not done | 190 | none |
6 | 68 | F | L | 0.3 | 1.2 | 0.5 | 30 | class IV | 61.8 | negative | unknown | 403 | Intracranial lesions retroperitoneun lesions |
7 | 64 | M | R | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1 | 42 | class III | 76.0 | not done | not done | 316 | none |
8 | 72 | M | L | 0.02 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 5 | class IV | 120.9 | not done | not done | 390 | none |
9 | 72 | F | R | 0.08 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 1 | class III | 31.8 | negative | not done | 426 | none |
10 | 75 | M | L | 0.3 | 1.2 | 1 | 7 | class III | 1495.4 | negative | not done | 248 | none |
11 | 88 | F | R | n.d. | m.m. | m.m. | 1 | class III | 3.92 | positive | not done | 560 | none |
Fundus Appearance | Optical Coherence Tomographic Findings | ERG: Amplitude (uV) | ||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Entire Retina | Preretinal Lesions | Inner Layer | Outer Layer | Subretinal Lesions | RPE | Scotopc Condition | Photopic Condition | |||||||||||||||
DA 0.01 | DA 3.0 | LA 3.0 | Flicker | |||||||||||||||||||
Case | Retinal Whitening around the Disc | Multiple Creamy Subretinal Lesions (Leopard Spots) | Whitening of Retinal Arteries (Vasculitis) | Chorioretinal Atrophy | Retinal Thickening | Preretinal Deposits | Epiretinal Membrane | Focal Intraretinal Deposits | Vertical Hyperreflective Lesions | Outer Retina Fuzzy Borders | Ellipsoid Zone Irregularity | Subretinal Fluid | Hyperreflective Subretinal Dots | RPE Detachment | SubRPE Deposits | b Wave | a Wave | b Wave | b/a Ratio | a Wave | b Wave | Flicker |
1 | + | + | + | + | + | + | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | 2.55 | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | |||||||||
2 | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | ↓↓ | → | ↓ | 1.01 | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | ||||||||
3 | → | → | → | 1.41 | → | → | → | |||||||||||||||
4 | + | + | + | + | → | ↓ | → | 3.21 | → | ↓ | ↓ | |||||||||||
5 | + | + | + | + | + | + | - | - | - | n.a. | - | ↓↓ | ↓↓ | |||||||||
6 | + | → | → | → | 2.81 | → | → | → | ||||||||||||||
7 | + | + | + | + | + | + | - | ↓↓ | ↓ | 1.31 | ↓↓ | ↓ | ↓↓ | |||||||||
8 | + | + | + | ↓↓ | ↓↓ | ↓↓ | 5.13 | → | → | → | ||||||||||||
9 | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | - | ↓↓ | ↓↓ | 5.31 | ↓↓ | ↓ | ↓↓ | ||||||||
10 | + | + | → | → | → | 1.8 | → | → | → | |||||||||||||
11 | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | - | - | - | n.a. | - | - | ↓↓ | ||||||||
ratio (%) | 9.1 | 36.4 | 27.3 | 27.3 | 9.1 | 27.3 | 36.4 | 45.5 | 9.1 | 45.5 | 54.5 | 36.4 | 45.5 | 9.1 | 36.4 | abnormal 63.6 | abnormal 63.6 | abnormal 63.6 | abnormal 54.5 | abnormal 63.6 | abnormal 63.6 |
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Makita, J.; Yoshikawa, Y.; Kanno, J.; Igawa, Y.; Kumagai, T.; Takano, S.; Katsumoto, T.; Shoji, T.; Shibuya, M.; Shinoda, K. Electroretinographic and Optical Coherence Tomographic Evaluations of Eyes with Vitreoretinal Lymphoma. J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12, 3957. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12123957
Makita J, Yoshikawa Y, Kanno J, Igawa Y, Kumagai T, Takano S, Katsumoto T, Shoji T, Shibuya M, Shinoda K. Electroretinographic and Optical Coherence Tomographic Evaluations of Eyes with Vitreoretinal Lymphoma. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2023; 12(12):3957. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12123957
Chicago/Turabian StyleMakita, Jun, Yuji Yoshikawa, Junji Kanno, Yuro Igawa, Tomoyuki Kumagai, Shunichiro Takano, Takeshi Katsumoto, Takuhei Shoji, Masayuki Shibuya, and Kei Shinoda. 2023. "Electroretinographic and Optical Coherence Tomographic Evaluations of Eyes with Vitreoretinal Lymphoma" Journal of Clinical Medicine 12, no. 12: 3957. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12123957