Application Research on Nb Microalloying of High-Carbon Pearlite Bridge Cable Wire Rods
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
3.1. Microstructure Characterizations
3.2. Mechanical Properties
4. Discussion
4.1. Effect of Nb on Austenite Grains
4.2. Phase Transformation in the Cooling Process of Bridge Cable Wire Rods
4.3. Surface Defects in Pearlitic Steel
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Zhou, L.; Fang, F.; Wang, L.; Hu, X.; Xie, Z.; Jiang, J. Torsion performance of pearlitic steel wires: Effects of morphology and crystallinity of cementite. Mater. Sci. Eng. A 2019, 743, 425–435. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zhang, X.; Godfrey, A.; Hansen, N.; Huang, X. Hierarchical structures in cold-drawn pearlitic steel wire. Acta Mater. 2013, 61, 4898–4909. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Borchers, C.; Kirchheim, R. Cold-drawn pearlitic steel wires. Prog. Mater. Sci. 2016, 82, 405–444. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wei, D.; Min, X.; Hu, X.; Xie, Z.; Fang, F. Microstructure and mechanical properties of cold drawn pearlitic steel wires: Effects of drawing-induced heating. Mater. Sci. Eng. A 2020, 784, 139341. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Fu, S.; Yu, D.; Chen, Y.; An, K.; Chen, X. Size effect in stainless steel thin wires under tension. Mater. Sci. Eng. A 2020, 790, 139686. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zhou, J.; Hu, C.; Hu, F.; Hou, T.; Yin, C.; Zhu, X.; Wu, K. Insight into the effect of Nb microalloying on the microstructure-property relationship of a novel wire rod. J. Mater. Res. Technol. 2021, 16, 276–289. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zhou, J.; Hu, F.; Wu, K.; Feng, L.; Zhang, D.; Zhou, S. Ultrafine pearlitic transformation behavior of 2000 MPa ultra-high-strength steel wire under Nb microalloying. Steel Res. Int. 2021, 92, 2000516. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zhao, Y.; Tan, Y.; Ji, X.; Xiang, S. Microstructural dependence of anisotropic fracture mechanisms in cold-drawn pearlitic steels. Mater. Sci. Eng. A 2018, 735, 250–259. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zhou, J.; Zhang, D.; Liao, W.; Hu, F.; Hu, C.; Wu, K. The comprehensive effect of controlled cooling and Si/Mn elements on the structure-property relationship of a novel wire rod. J. Mater. Eng. Perform. 2022, 31, 7382–7390. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Han, Y.; Yan, S.; Yin, B.; Li, H.; Ran, X. Effects of temperature and strain rate on the dynamic recrystallization of a medium-high-carbon high-silicon bainitic steel during hot deformation. Vacuum 2018, 148, 78–87. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Cho, S.-H.; Kang, K.-B.; Jonas, J.J. The dynamic, static and metadynamic recrystallization of a Nb-microalloyed steel. ISIJ Int. 2001, 41, 63–69. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Fernández, A.I.; Uranga, P.; López, B.; Rodriguez-Ibabe, J.M. Dynamic recrystallization behavior covering a wide austenite grain size range in Nb and Nb–Ti microalloyed steels. Mater. Sci. Eng. A 2003, 361, 367–376. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Pandit, A.; Murugaiyan, A.; Podder, A.S.; Haldar, A.; Bhattacharjee, D.; Chandra, S.; Ray, R.K. Strain induced precipitation of complex carbonitrides in Nb–V and Ti–V microalloyed steels. Scr. Mater. 2005, 53, 1309–1314. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Mousavi Anijdan, S.H.; Yue, S. The necessity of dynamic precipitation for the occurrence of no-recrystallization temperature in Nb-microalloyed steel. Mater. Sci. Eng. A 2011, 528, 803–807. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Xiao, F.-r.; Cao, Y.-b.; Qiao, G.-y.; Zhang, X.-b.; Liao, B. Effect of Nb solute and NbC precipitates on dynamic or static recrystallization in Nb steels. J. Iron Steel Res. Int 2012, 19, 52–56. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wei, H.-l.; Liu, G.-q. Effect of Nb and C on the hot flow behavior of Nb microalloyed steels. Mater. Des. 2014, 56, 437–444. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Poddar, D.; Cizek, P.; Beladi, H.; Hodgson, P.D. The evolution of microbands and their interaction with NbC precipitates during hot deformation of a Fe–30Ni–Nb model austenitic steel. Acta Mater. 2015, 99, 347–362. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Dey, I.; Chandra, S.; Saha, R.; Ghosh, S.K. Effect of Nb micro-alloying on microstructure and properties of thermo-mechanically processed high carbon pearlitic steel. Mater. Charact. 2018, 140, 45–54. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Liu, P.C.; Wang, Z.X.; Cong, J.H.; Misra, R.D.K.; Wang, X.M.; Guo, A.M.; Zhang, Y.Q. The significance of Nb interface segregation in governing pearlitic refinement in high carbon steels. Mater. Lett. 2020, 279, 128520. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Mei, P.R. Effects of Niobium Microaddition on Carbon Steels; Defect and Diffusion Forum; Trans Tech Publ.: Bäch, Switzerland, 2022; pp. 101–117. [Google Scholar]
- Yongqing, Z.; Aimin, G.; Jansto, S.; Quanli, W. Application Research of Nb Microalloying on Medium and High Carbon Long Products. In HSLA Steels 2015, Microalloying 2015 & Offshore Engineering Steels 2015; Springer: Cham, Switzerland, 2016; pp. 903–908. [Google Scholar]
- Matlock, D.; Speer, J. Microalloying concepts and application in long products. Mater. Sci. Technol. 2009, 25, 1118–1125. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Yahyaoui, H.; Sidhom, H.; Braham, C.; Baczmanski, A. Effect of interlamellar spacing on the elastoplastic behavior of C70 pearlitic steel: Experimental results and self-consistent modeling. Mater. Des. 2014, 55, 888–897. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Grajcar, A.; Kwaśny, W.; Zalecki, W. Microstructure–property relationships in trip aided medium-C bainitic steel with lamellar retained austenite. Mater. Sci. Technol. 2015, 31, 781–794. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Shen, W.-f.; Zhang, L.-w.; Zhang, C.; Xu, Y.-f.; Shi, X.-h. Constitutive analysis of dynamic recrystallization and flow behavior of a medium carbon Nb-V microalloyed steel. J. Mater. Eng. Perform. 2016, 25, 2065–2073. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Porter, D.A.; Easterling, K.E. Phase Transformations in Metals and Alloys; CRC Press: Boca Raton, FL, USA, 2009. [Google Scholar]
- Leblond, J.; Devaux, J. A new kinetic model for anisothermal metallurgical transformations in steels including effect of austenite grain size. Acta Metall. 1984, 32, 137–146. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- DeArdo, A. Niobium in modern steels. Int. Mater. Rev. 2003, 48, 371–402. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- da Fonseca, S.T.; Rezende, A.B.; de Oliveira, C.R.; Minucucci, D.J.; Mei, P.R. Physical simulation as a tool to evaluate the complex microstructure of microalloyed railroad wheels. J. Mater. Process. Des. 2020, 4, 20–35. [Google Scholar]
- Cahn, J.W.; Hagel, W.G. Divergent pearlite in a manganese eutectoid steel. Acta Metall. Mater. 1963, 11, 561–574. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zhang, G.; Enomoto, M. Interlamellar spacing of pearlite in a near-eutectoid Fe–C alloy measured by serial sectioning. ISIJ Int. 2009, 49, 921–927. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Zener, C. Kinetics of the decomposition of austenite. Trans. AIME 1946, 167, 550–595. [Google Scholar]
- Kramer, J.; Pound, G.; Mehl, R. The free energy of formation and the interfacial enthalpy in pearlite. Acta Metall. 1958, 6, 763–771. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kirchner, H.; Mellor, B.; Chadwick, G. A calorimetric determination of the interfacial enthalpy of Cu-In and Cu-Al lamellar eutectoids. Acta Metall. 1978, 26, 1023–1031. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Knyazyuk, T.V.; Novoskoltsev, N.S.; Zisman, A.A.; Khlusova, E.I. Influence of niobium microalloying on the kinetics of static and dynamic recrystallization during hot rolling of medium-carbon high-strength steels. Inorg. Mater. Appl. Res. 2020, 11, 1325–1332. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Anderson, P.M.; Hirth, J.P.; Lothe, J. Theory of Dislocations; Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, UK, 2017. [Google Scholar]
- Tian, J.; Wang, H.; Zhu, M.; Zhou, M.; Zhang, Q.; Su, X.; Guo, A.; Xu, G. Improving mechanical properties in high-carbon pearlitic steels by replacing partial V with Nb. Mater. Sci. Eng. A 2022, 834, 142622. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Calcagnotto, M.; Ponge, D.; Demir, E.; Raabe, D. Orientation gradients and geometrically necessary dislocations in ultrafine grained dual-phase steels studied by 2D and 3D EBSD. Mater. Sci. Eng. A 2010, 527, 2738–2746. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Gottstein, G.; Shvindlerman, L.S. Grain Boundary Migration in Metals: Thermodynamics, Kinetics, Applications; CRC Press: Boca Raton, FL, USA, 2009. [Google Scholar]
- Singh, N.; Casillas, G.; Wexler, D.; Killmore, C.; Pereloma, E. Application of advanced experimental techniques to elucidate the strengthening mechanisms operating in microalloyed ferritic steels with interphase precipitation. Acta Mater. 2020, 201, 386–402. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Gladman, T. Precipitation hardening in metals. Mater. Sci. Technol. 1999, 15, 30–36. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Gladman, T. The Physical Metallurgy of Microalloyed Steels; Maney Pub: Leeds, UK, 1997. [Google Scholar]
- Funakawa, Y.; Shiozaki, T.; Tomita, K.; Yamamoto, T.; Maeda, E. Development of high strength hot-rolled sheet steel consisting of ferrite and nanometer-sized carbides. ISIJ Int. 2004, 44, 1945–1951. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
Steel | C | Si | Mn | Cr | P | S | V | Nb | N | Fe |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A | 0.93 | 0.85 | 0.78 | 0.26 | 0.012 | 0.001 | 0.04 | - | 0.0035 | Bal. |
B | 0.93 | 0.85 | 0.78 | 0.26 | 0.009 | 0.002 | 0.04 | 0.025 | 0.0036 | Bal. |
Tensile Strength | Elongation, % | |
---|---|---|
A-1/2 | 1300 ± 10 | 17 ± 1 |
A-1/4 | 1370 ± 12 | 14 ± 2 |
B-1/2 | 1302 ± 10 | 15 ± 1 |
B-1/4 | 1405 ± 13 | 13 ± 2 |
Specimen | Tensile Strength (MPa) | Reduction of Area (%) |
---|---|---|
A | 1402 ± 15 | 21 ± 2 |
B | 1446 ± 10 | 38 ± 1 |
Disclaimer/Publisher’s Note: The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s). MDPI and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content. |
© 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Zhu, X.; Zhou, J.; Hu, C.; Wu, K.; Shen, Y.; Zhang, Y.; Jiang, Y. Application Research on Nb Microalloying of High-Carbon Pearlite Bridge Cable Wire Rods. Materials 2023, 16, 2160. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16062160
Zhu X, Zhou J, Hu C, Wu K, Shen Y, Zhang Y, Jiang Y. Application Research on Nb Microalloying of High-Carbon Pearlite Bridge Cable Wire Rods. Materials. 2023; 16(6):2160. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16062160
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhu, Xiaoxiong, Jie Zhou, Chengyang Hu, Kaiming Wu, Yifu Shen, Yongqing Zhang, and Yuedong Jiang. 2023. "Application Research on Nb Microalloying of High-Carbon Pearlite Bridge Cable Wire Rods" Materials 16, no. 6: 2160. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16062160