Svoboda | Graniru | BBC Russia | Golosameriki | Facebook
Next Article in Journal
Application of Seagull Optimization Algorithm-BP Neural Network in Oil-Water Two-Phase Flow Pattern Forecasting
Previous Article in Journal
Damage Evaluation of Unconsolidated Sandstone Particle Migration Reservoir Based on Well–Seismic Combination
 
 
Search for Articles:
Title / Keyword
Author / Affiliation / Email
Journal
Article Type
 
 
Advanced Search
 
Section
Special Issue
Volume
Issue
Number
Page
 
Journals
Processes
Volume 12
Issue 9
10.3390/pr12092010
processes-logo
Submit to this Journal Review for this Journal Propose a Special Issue
► Article Menu

Article Menu

share Share announcement Help format_quote Cite question_answer Discuss in SciProfiles thumb_up
...
Endorse textsms
...
Comment
first_page
settings
Order Article Reprints
Font Type:
Arial Georgia Verdana
Font Size:
Aa Aa Aa
Line Spacing:
Column Width:
Background:
Article

Research on Strength of Bilateral Support Bearing of PDC–Cone Hybrid Bit

by
Baxian Liu
1,2,
Liyuan Yang
3,
Xiaoxuan Pian
4,
Rui Xie
1,2,
Ting Chen
5 and
Kuilin Huang
6,*
1
Human Resources, Labor Management Department, Sichuan University of Arts and Science, Dazhou 635000, China
2
Industry Technology Research Institute of Intelligent Manufacturing, Dazhou 635000, China
3
CNPC Chuanqing Drilling Engineering Co., Ltd. International Engineering Company, Chengdu 610051, China
4
Zhengzhou New Asia Superhard Material Composite Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou 450001, China
5
English Translation, College of General Education, Sichuan University of Science and Technology, Meishan 620500, China
6
Drill Research Institute, School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Processes 2024, 12(9), 2010; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12092010
Submission received: 8 August 2024 / Revised: 13 September 2024 / Accepted: 17 September 2024 / Published: 19 September 2024
(This article belongs to the Section Manufacturing Processes and Systems)
Browse Figures
Versions Notes

Abstract

:
The existing PDC (polycrystalline diamond compact)–cone hybrid bit bearing adopts a unilateral support structure, which is prone to stress concentration in the journal area, resulting in fracture and wear failure of the bearing, thus reducing the service life of the hybrid bit. In this paper, a new type of double supported bearing hybrid bit is proposed. The static strength analysis of unilateral and bilateral support bearing structures is carried out by finite element simulation, and the stress and strain distribution of the two structures under loads of 20–100 kN is obtained. Experimental devices for unilateral and bilateral support bearing structures are designed and manufactured to complete 50–100 kN static pressure loading experiments. The results show that the stress and strain of unilateral and bilateral support bearing increased linearly with the increase of load. Compared with unilateral bearing, when the load was 100 kN, the maximum Mises stress of bilateral bearing decreased from 358.80 MPa to 211.10 MPa, with a decrease of 41.16%. The maximum contact stress decreased from 415.20 MPa to 378.10 MPa, a decreased of 8.94%, and the maximum principal strain decreased from 1.101 × 10−3 to 9.71 × 10−4, a decrease of 11.81%. The axial strain in the danger zone was reduced by 14.68% and 17.35%, respectively. It is found that the contact stress of the simulation data is highly correlated with the bearing life, and the service life of the bilateral bearing bit is increased by 8.94%. The simulation data and experimental results provide data support for the production of hybrid bits with bilateral bearing support.

1. Introduction

The cutting structure of the PDC (polycrystalline diamond compact)–cone hybrid bit is composed of a fixed PDC cutting structure and a cone cutting structure (Figure 1). Because of the characteristics of the two cutting structures, the PDC–cone hybrid bit is mainly used in the following special situations: (1) The development of conventional reservoirs can no longer meet the needs of social development, and the development of deep unconventional reservoirs has been put on the agenda [1,2]. The largest well depth in Xinjiang and Sichuan region of China has exceeded 10,000 m. Due to the difficulty of deep formation drilling, a single PDC bit cannot effectively break rocks. (2) For directional wells and horizontal wells, the tool face of a PDC bit is unstable, and the torque fluctuates greatly, resulting in poor control of the well trajectory. (3) When facing a heterogeneous formation containing gravels, etc., with the PDC bit, it is easy to break the teeth, resulting in bit failure. (4) With a hard formation, the PDC bit teeth wear faster, and the mechanical penetration rate of the cone bit is too low [3,4,5,6,7,8,9].
At present, the PDC–cone hybrid bit bearing still adopts the existing cone bit bearing technology, and the bearing life largely determines the life of the whole bit. In order to further improve the strength of bearings and reduce the fracture failure caused by stress concentration, Ye Zhonglang and his team [10] proposed a kind of cemented carbide bearing insert, which increased the bearing’s impact resistance by plating silver on its body and inner wall. This improved the bit’s life under an impact load environment.
Huang Zhiqiang et al. [11] conducted mechanical and microstructure analysis on failed roller cone bit bearings and found that stress concentration, impact, and vibration caused by uneven fit clearance were major causes of bearing fracture. Wu Zebing et al. [12,13] studied a roller bearing with a cone bit by combining the response surface method with the finite element method, and established the response surface optimization model by studying the relationship between stress distribution on the contact line and bearing modification parameters to obtain the optimal bearing design parameters.
The above methods to improve the bearing life from different angles were studied. Ye Zhonglang proposed that the method of increasing the insert can increase the strength of the stress concentration site; however, the sealing requirements are increased at the same time as the process is increased. Huang Zhiqiang found that a major cause of bearing breakage is due to stress concentration, shock, and vibration but did not give more details on how to reduce bearing breakage. Wu Zebing obtained the optimal design parameters of bearings through finite element simulation, but the experimental verification was lacking. The above methods can increase the strength of bearings and improve the working condition of bearings to a certain extent, but because there is no innovative design in the structure, the bearing life increase is limited.
In order to further improve the service life of the hybrid bit, this paper creatively proposes a design structure for a bilateral support bearing based on the analysis of bearing failure mechanisms. It is a prototype of an ordinary PDC–cone compound drill bit. The bearing structure is studied through simulation and experiments, and the stress distribution diagrams and strains of the bearing in three dangerous areas are obtained. The results of experiments and FEA (finite element analysis) show that compared with the single-sided support structure, the two-sided support structure should have less stress change and a longer life. The graphical abstract is shown in Figure 2.

2. Failure Analysis of PDC–Cone Bit Bearings

At present, the main failure forms of bearings include the following aspects: (1) fracture failure, due to the drilling pressure of the bearing being very large, in addition to a coordination gap between the bearing and the cone, and the vibration producing its force differently during work, as well as some local loads being larger, mainly at the smallest diameter (Figure 3a); (2) wear failure, including adhesive wear and abrasive wear (mainly adhesive wear), and seal failure accompanied by abrasive wear (Figure 3b) [14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21].
In the process of rock breaking, drilling pressure and torque are applied to the bit body through the drill pipe, and then transmitted to the cone through the bearing to break rocks. Bearing failure is one of the biggest reasons for the failure of the whole bit. At present, there are three dangerous areas in the bearing structure (Figure 4). The contact stress concentration in zone C is large, because this zone acts to prevent movement of the surface of the bearing. It is directly affected by the contact stress and is the position where the thrust surface is connected to the small journal, forming the stress concentration. Zone B is another support surface directly subjected to contact pressure. Zone A is located at the root of the bearing and is responsible for bearing the torque, because the bearing is a unidirectional support structure. In order to ensure bearing strength, it is necessary to increase the size of the journal, resulting in the reduction of the thickness of the cone housing, which may lead to cracking of the cone housing and insufficient strength of the fixed teeth. In this paper, the bearing structure of the PDC–cone hybrid drill bit supported by two sides can effectively improve the bearing strength.

3. Design of Bilateral Support Bearings for PDC–Cone Bit

In order to deal with the problem that the bearing capacity of the unilateral support bearing of the cone is poor, and the cone easily falls off, this paper proposes a kind of bilateral supporting bearing PDC–cone hybrid bit, as shown in Figure 5.
The sliding bearing structure of the bit comprises an inner hole of the cone and a journal of the claw. One side of the journal is closely connected with the claw, while the other side is connected with the fixed blade, and the side of the blade is provided with a journal hole. The bearing structure of the bottom bracket is on both sides of the support, which effectively improves the bearing force condition and significantly improves the bearing capacity. The axial locking device is abolished, and the axial locking and limit of the cone are carried out by the side of the blade and the tooth jaw. Even if the cone wobbles due to seal failure, it can avoid falling to the bottom of wells and reduce the risk of the cone falling to the bottom of wells.

4. Strength Simulation Analysis of Unilateral and Bilateral Support Cone Bearings

The roller sliding bearing of PDC–cone hybrid bit is intended for a working environment of heavy load, low speed, and random impact force. The force load and working conditions are quite complicated, and a formula cannot be used to calculate its force load and contact stress. Along with the development of computer technology, finite element simulation technology has been widely used in geological exploration, petroleum exploration, drill bit design, and other fields [22,23,24,25]. In this paper, the finite element method is used to simulate the unilateral and bilateral support structure, and the stress distribution and strain are obtained.

4.1. The Establishment of Finite Element Model

The model is based on the eight-and-a-half-inch PDC–cone compound bit. The size of the cone part is six and a half inches. Considering the symmetry of the model and the actual computing power of the computer, the finite element model of a single plain bearing is built. Since this paper mainly studies the bearing structure under load, and the tooth also acts on the bearing structure through the cone after the tooth is stressed, the cone model is simplified, and only the cone is considered in the modeling, not the tooth.
Table 1 and Figure 6 show the structural parameters of unilateral and bilateral supported bearings (a is unilateral supported, b is bilateral supported). The tooth claw material is 20CrNiMo, and the cone material is 15MnNiMo. The material properties are shown in Table 2.
Because of the irregularity of the cone palm model, tetrahedral elements were used for mesh division. Considering the existence of “hard” contact relation in the model, the ten-node universal tetrahedral element C3D10I was selected, and the improved surface stress formula was used to obtain more accurate analysis results. The double supported jaw and the fixed wing are coupled into a whole. The vertical direction of the jaw is consistent with the loading direction, and the linear displacement and angular displacement of the other two directions of the jaw are restricted. The lower cone is selected, and the contact constraint is set to fully fixed. The bearing structure and the cone contact type are set to surface contact, specifically for the big and small journal cylindrical surface and the movement-preventing surface. The drilling pressures, which are 20 kN, 40 kN, 60 kN, 80 kN, and 100 kN respectively, are applied to the shoulder of the claw. The established finite element model is shown in Figure 7, where a is unilateral support and b is bilateral support.

4.2. Analysis of Results

Figure 8 shows the maximum Mises stress at 20 kN, 40 kN, 60 kN, 80 kN, and 100 kN, and the Mises stress distribution at 100 kN for unilateral and bilateral bearing structures. Figure 9 shows the maximum contact stress of the unilateral and bilateral bearing structure under drilling pressures of 20 kN, 40 kN, 60 kN, 80 kN, and 100 kN, and the contact stress distribution diagram at 100 kN. Figure 10 shows the maximum principal strain of the unilateral and bilateral bearing structure under drilling pressures of 20 kN, 40 kN, 60 kN, 80 kN, and 100 kN and the strain distribution diagram at 100 kN.
It can be seen from Figure 8 that the maximum Mises stress of the unilateral supported bearings is in the B zone of the bearing, while that of the bilateral supported bearings is in zone A, and the maximum Mises stress of the bilateral supported bearings is far less than that of the unilateral supported bearings. It can be seen from Figure 9 that the maximum contact stress of the unilateral and bilateral supported bearings is in zone C of the bearing, and the maximum contact stress of the bilateral supported bearings is smaller than that of the unilateral supported bearings. It can be seen from Figure 10 that the maximum principal strain of the unilateral and bilateral supported bearings is in zone B of the bearing, and the maximum principal strain of the bilateral supported bearings is smaller than that of the unilateral supported bearings. The maximum Mises stress, maximum contact stress, and maximum principal strain were all linearly positive correlated with the pressure.
The Mises stress, contact stress, and principal strain in the A, B, and C zones at a maximum of 100 kN were selected for analysis (see Table 3 and Figure 11). From Table 3 and Figure 11, it can be found that compared with unilateral supported bearings: (1) The maximum Mises stress area of bilateral bearing changed from zone B to zone A, decreasing from 358.80 MPa to 211.10 MPa, a decrease of 41.16%, and the stress difference of the AB zone decreased from 132.80 MPa to 11.6 MPa. (2) The maximum contact stress in the C zone decreased from 415.20 MPa to 378.10 MPa, a decrease of 8.94%. (3) The maximum principal strain in zone B decreased from 1.101 × 10−3 to 9.71 × 10−4, a decrease of 11.81%.
The above analysis shows that under the same load, the bilateral supported bearings are more homogeneous than those of the unilateral supported bearings, and the Mises stress, contact stress, and principal stress are smaller.

5. Experimental Research on Cone Bearing Strength

5.1. Experimental Apparatus and Equipment

The experimental equipment includes the unilateral and bilateral bearing support structure, a loading system, a strain sampling system (including computer), and a sensor (Figure 12).
The supporting structure parameters of the unilateral and bilateral bearing are designed according to the cone size of 8.5-inch PDC and cone hybrid bit, and the cone parameters are consistent with the simulation model data. Figure 13 shows the assembled unilateral and bilateral bearing cone support structures.
The loading system adopts DTD-500 structural mechanics experimental equipment (as shown in Figure 14), which mainly consists of two parts: a loading system and a control system, which can realize load and deformation displacement control.
The strain acquisition system adopts the JM5951 strain acquisition instrument (Figure 15a), which supports static and low-speed dynamic strain, voltage, and IEPE tests. The sensor adopts a 120-3AA strain gauge (Figure 15b), which is characterized by high sensitivity and stability. The loading system and strain collection instrument are connected to the computer terminal.

5.2. Experimental Principles and Methods

Bearings deform under pressure loading, and the strain of the bearing can be measured by the strain gauge on its surface. The strain gauge is mounted along the axial direction at the upper and lower parts of the two end faces of the large journal and numbered A and B (as shown in Figure 16). The contact between the cone and the pressure plate in zone C cannot accomodate holes for attaching the strain gauge, which is not analyzed in this experiment, and the small circumferential strain can be ignored. The numbered strain gauge is connected to the corresponding interface of the strain acquisition instrument.
The mounted cone support structure is placed on the support platform. The position of the cone is adjusted so that the highest point on the cone is aligned with the center line of the loading system pressure plate, and the height is adjusted by the loading system so that the highest point of the cone is about 1 mm from the pressure plate. The channel of the signal acquisition system is cleared, and sampling is started. Then, the system is loaded at a speed of 10 kN/min (as shown in Figure 17) until the system is loaded to 100 kN and unloaded. Experimental data are recorded and displayed through the data acquisition system to complete the experiment. The experimental plan is shown in Table 4.

5.3. Experimental Results

The zone A and B strains of the unilateral and bilateral support structure are shown in Table 5 and Figure 18, where a is zone A and b is zone B. Table 5 and Figure 18 show that: (1) The strain in zone A is dominated by negative compressive stress, while that in zone B is dominated by positive tensile stress. (2) With the increase of pressure, the strain in the A and B zones of the unilateral and bilateral support presents a linear increase trend, but the strain increase value of the bilateral support is smaller. (3) During the whole loading process, the axial strain of the journal in zones A and B with bilateral support is smaller than that of unilateral support. When the load reaches 100 kN, the axial strain in zones A and B with bilateral support is reduced by 14.68% and 17.35%, respectively, compared with unilateral support, and the load on the bilateral support is more homogeneous than that on the unilateral support.

6. The Life Analysis of PDC–Cone Bilateral Support Bit Bearing

Bearing life is related to wear conditions, and the reference for Archard’s formula is as follows [26]:
T 10 = K ξ × [ 1 + K b K − 1 × exp ⁡ S ′ S r ] K 0 K 1 K 2 K 3 K 4 H a S P v μ H m h t 10
In the above formula, T is the expected life of bearings, K ξ is the steady wear coefficient, K b the initial wear coefficient, K is the wear coefficient, S ′ is the sliding distance, S r is the run-in distance, K 0 is the scale coefficient, K 1 is the lubricant factor, K 2 is the plastic factor, K 3 is the wear particle movement factor, K 4 is the material factor, H a is the wear particle hardness, S is the sliding distance of a single tooth length, P is the pressure in the contact zone,   v is the sliding speed, μ is the dynamic viscosity, H m is the hardness of the body to be ground, h is the amount of wear, and t is the sliding time.
It can be seen from the formula that, when other parameters are the same, the bearing life expectancy T is negatively correlated with the pressure P in the contact zone. In addition, it can be seen from the simulation in Section 4 that at 100 kN, the maximum contact stress of the unilateral support bearing is 415.20 MPa, and the maximum contact stress of the bilateral support bearing is 378.10 MPa. From the perspective of wear, the life of the double supported bearing can be increased by 8.94% compared to that of the unilateral supported bearing.

7. Conclusions

This paper designs and manufactures two kinds of structural bearings with unilateral and bilateral supports. The bearing stress is analyzed by simulation and test, and the conclusions are as follows:
(1) The simulation results showed that the maximum Mises stress zone of double-side supported bearings changed from zone B to zone A compared with unilateral supports. The maximum value decreased from 358.80 MPa to 211.10 MPa, a decrease of 41.16%. Meanwhile, the stress difference of AB zones decreased from 132.80 MPa to 11.6 MPa. The maximum contact stress in zone C decreased from 415.20 MPa to 378.10 MPa, a decrease of 8.94%. The maximum principal strain in zone B decreased from 1.101 × 10−3 to 9.71 × 10−4, a decrease of 11.81%.
(2) The experiment found that during the whole loading process, the strain in zones A and B with bilateral support is smaller than that of the unilateral support. When the load reaches 100 kN, the axial strain in the A and B zones of the bilateral support bearing is 14.68% and 17.35% lower than that of the unilateral support bearing, respectively.
(3) The bearing life is analyzed from the angle of wear, and the life of the bilateral support bearings is 8.94% higher than that of the unilateral support bearings.
Due to the improvement of life, if the full-size bilateral supports PDC–cone hybrid bit can be designed and manufactured in the future and applied in the field, this technology will be more used in the oil bit.

Author Contributions

Conceptualization, B.L. and L.Y.; methodology, X.P.; software, R.X.; validation, T.C., K.H. and B.L.; formal analysis, L.Y.; investigation, X.P.; resources, R.X.; data curation, T.C.; writing—original draft preparation, K.H.; writing—review and editing, B.L.; visualization, L.Y.; supervision, X.P.; project administration, B.L. and K.H.; funding acquisition, K.H. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

Funding

This research was funded by the Industry Technology Research Institute of Intelligent Manufacturing, Sichuan University of Arts and Science (fund number: ZNZZ2215), the open fund project of the State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation (Southwest Petroleum University) in 2022 (grant no. PLN2022-29), and Nanchong City-Southwest Petroleum University City School Science and Technology Strategic Cooperation Project (No. 23XNSYX0018).

Data Availability Statement

Data are not available on request due to restrictions (e.g., privacy or ethical). The data presented in this study are available on request from the corresponding author. The data are not publicly available due to a technical confidentiality agreement with the enterprise having been signed.

Conflicts of Interest

Author Liyuan Yang was employed by the company CNPC Chuanqing Drilling Engineering Co., Ltd. International Engineering Company. Author Xiaoxuan Pian was employed by the company Zhengzhou New Asia Superhard Material Composite Co., Ltd., The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

References

  1. Li, Q.; Liu, J.; Wang, S.; Guo, Y.; Han, X.; Li, Q.; Cheng, Y.; Dong, Z.; Li, X.; Zhang, X. Numerical insights into factors affecting collapse behavior of horizontal wellbore in clayey silt hydrate-bearing sediments and the accompanying control strategy. Ocean. Eng. 2024, 297, 117029. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  2. Li, Q.; Li, Y.; Cheng, Y.; Li, Q.; Wang, F.; Wei, J.; Liu, Y.; Zhang, C.; Song, B.; Yan, C.; et al. Numerical simulation of fracture reorientation during hydraulic fracturing in perforated horizontal well in shale reservoirs. Energy Sources Part A Recovery Util. Environ. Eff. 2018, 40, 1807–1813. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  3. Wu, Z.; Lu, L.; Zhang, S.; Wang, Y.; Pan, Y. Research on rock breaking characteristics of hybrid drill bit. China Pet. Mach. 2020, 2, 35–41. [Google Scholar]
  4. Lu, L. Research and Computer Simulation on Rock Breaking Mechanism of Hybrid Drill Bit. Master’s Thesis, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, China, 2020. [Google Scholar]
  5. Huang, K.; Zhou, C.; Yang, Y.; Ren, H.; Niu, Q. Working load characteristics of the PDC-cone composite bit under impact and scraping. Shock. Vib. 2020, 2020, 7540519. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  6. Deng, S.; Dan, B.; Rong, Z.; Chen, G.; Fan, X.; She, Y. Simulation study on rock breaking characteristics of mixed drill bit in soft and hard cross formation. J. Wuhan Univ. Sci. Technol. 2022, 1, 46–52. [Google Scholar]
  7. Yang, Y.; Niu, S.; Chen, L.; Li, Z.; Ren, H.; Yao, J.; Yang, Y. Development of PDC-cone complex bit with independent buffer structure. Nat. Gas Ind. 2024, 5, 96–104. [Google Scholar]
  8. Wu, Z.; Hu, S.; Jiang, W.; Dou, K.; Shen, F. Design and Analysis of tooth Surface Structure of Intelligent Hybrid Bit in One Run. Mech. Electr. Eng. Technol. 2024, 2, 107–110. [Google Scholar]
  9. Hu, H.; Huang, H.; Wang, H.; Li, Z.; Xi, C.; Wu, Q.; Liu, L. New progress and development trend of PDC bit at home and abroad. China Pet. Mach. 2024, 2, 1–10. [Google Scholar]
  10. Ye, Z.; Xu, L.; Wang, J.; Zhang, L.; Sha, C.; Xu, L.; Jiang, Y.; Jiang, S.; Zhang, Y. A Roller Bit Bearing Insert Sleeve and Its Preparation Method. Hubei Province: CN202111449539. 28 June 2024. Available online: https://patents.google.com/patent/CN114135232A/en (accessed on 6 August 2024).
  11. Huang, Z.; Li, G. Failure Analysis of Roller Cone Bit Bearing Based on Mechanics and Microstructure. J. Fail. Anal. Prev. 2018, 2, 342–349. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  12. Wu, Z.; Zheng, W.; Huang, H.; Zhou, K.; Zhao, H.; Zhang, W. Optimization Design of Roller Bit Bearing Based on RSM. J. Mach. Des. 2021, 9, 80–86. [Google Scholar]
  13. Wu, Z.; Adnane, E.; Zheng, W. Contact Stress Analysis and Clearance Optimization of Plain Bearing with Steel Tooth Cone Bit. Machinery 2020, 3, 51–56. [Google Scholar]
  14. Huang, Z.; Wang, X.; Tu, X.; Li, Q.; Tan, L. Failure analysis of plain bearing of tricone bit. J. Southwest Pet. Univ. Nat. Sci. Ed. 2008, 3, 136–138. [Google Scholar]
  15. Zhou, J.; Huang, Z.; An, X.; Tan, J. Failure Analysis and Improvement of Bimetal Seal of High Speed Cone Bit Bearing. Oil Field Mach. 2011, 8, 50–53. [Google Scholar]
  16. Zhou, Y.; Huang, Z.; Tan, L.; Ma, Y.; Qiu, C.; Zhang, F.; Yuan, Y.; Sun, C.; Guo, L. Cone bit bearing seal failure analysis based on the finite element analysis. Eng. Fail. Anal. 2014, 45, 292–299. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  17. Li, Y. Research on Mechanical Behavior of Hollow Cylindrical Roller Bearing with Cone Bit. Master’s Thesis, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, China, 2015. [Google Scholar]
  18. Shen, H. Structural Strength Analysis and Parameter Research of Tricone Bit Bearing. Master’s Thesis, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, China, 2015. [Google Scholar]
  19. Huang, Z.; Li, G. Optimization of cone bit bearing seal based on failure analysis. Adv. Mech. Eng. 2018, 10, 1687814018767485. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  20. Ji, W.; Cao, Z.; Zhong, L.; Wu, X.; Leng, X. Failure Analysis of Roller Bearing of Type KX732-250 Mining Roller Bit. Min. Equip. 2024, 1, 150–155. [Google Scholar]
  21. Han, C.; Li, Y.; Zhang, J.; Yan, J. Thermal Coupling Analysis of Hollow Cylindrical Roller Bearing with Cone Bit. Mech. Strength 2016, 6, 1294–1299. [Google Scholar]
  22. Huang, J.; Zeng, B.; He, Y.; Wang, X.; Qian, L.; Xia, C.; Yi, X. Numeric al study of rock- breaking mechanism in hard rock with full PDC bit model in compound impact drilling. Energy Rep. 2023, 9, 3896–3909. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  23. Cai, M.; Tan, L.; Tan, B.; Luo, X.; Zeng, J.; Mao, D.; Lin, Q. Experimental and numerical study on the dynamic characteristics of full-size PDC bit. Mech. Syst. Signal Process. 2023, 200, 110560. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  24. Liu, Y.; Dai, S.; Wei, J.; Zhang, H.; Yuan, Y.; Guo, X.; Gao, Y. study on factors influencing the self-propelling capacity of self-propelled water jet drill bits. Coal Geol. Explor. 2023, 5, 198–206. [Google Scholar]
  25. Cai, C.; Tan, Z.; Ling, C.; Yang, Y.; Ren, H.; Pu, Z.; Zhang, P.; Xie, S. Research on rock breaking Mechanism and Drilling rock breaking of separate impact scraping combined drill bit. J. Vib. Shock. 2022, 16, 232–241. [Google Scholar]
  26. Guo, Z. Wheel Type Diamond Bit Bearing Structure Design. Master’s Thesis, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, China, 2010. [Google Scholar]
Processes 12 02010 g001
Figure 1. PDC–cone hybrid bit.
Figure 1. PDC–cone hybrid bit.
Processes 12 02010 g001
Processes 12 02010 g002
Figure 2. Graphical abstract.
Figure 2. Graphical abstract.
Processes 12 02010 g002
Processes 12 02010 g003
Figure 3. Fracture and wear failure: (a) fracture failure; (b) wear failure.
Figure 3. Fracture and wear failure: (a) fracture failure; (b) wear failure.
Processes 12 02010 g003
Processes 12 02010 g004
Figure 4. A, B, C three dangerous areas of bearing.
Figure 4. A, B, C three dangerous areas of bearing.
Processes 12 02010 g004
Processes 12 02010 g005
Figure 5. Bilateral supporting bearing PDC–cone hybrid bit.
Figure 5. Bilateral supporting bearing PDC–cone hybrid bit.
Processes 12 02010 g005
Processes 12 02010 g006
Figure 6. Structural parameters of unilateral and bilateral support bearings: (a) unilateral parameters; (b) bilateral parameters.
Figure 6. Structural parameters of unilateral and bilateral support bearings: (a) unilateral parameters; (b) bilateral parameters.
Processes 12 02010 g006
Processes 12 02010 g007
Figure 7. Finite element model: (a) unilateral model; (b) bilateral model.
Figure 7. Finite element model: (a) unilateral model; (b) bilateral model.
Processes 12 02010 g007
Processes 12 02010 g008
Figure 8. Maximum Mises stress and stress distribution.
Figure 8. Maximum Mises stress and stress distribution.
Processes 12 02010 g008
Processes 12 02010 g009
Figure 9. Maximum contact stress and contact stress distribution.
Figure 9. Maximum contact stress and contact stress distribution.
Processes 12 02010 g009
Processes 12 02010 g010
Figure 10. Maximum principal strain and principal strain distribution.
Figure 10. Maximum principal strain and principal strain distribution.
Processes 12 02010 g010
Processes 12 02010 g011
Figure 11. Comparison of Mises stress, contact stress, and principal strain of A, B, and C zones at 100 kN.
Figure 11. Comparison of Mises stress, contact stress, and principal strain of A, B, and C zones at 100 kN.
Processes 12 02010 g011
Processes 12 02010 g012
Figure 12. Experimental principle of bearing strength.
Figure 12. Experimental principle of bearing strength.
Processes 12 02010 g012
Processes 12 02010 g013
Figure 13. Unilateral and bilateral bearing cone support structures.
Figure 13. Unilateral and bilateral bearing cone support structures.
Processes 12 02010 g013
Processes 12 02010 g014
Figure 14. DTD-500 structural mechanics experimental equipment.
Figure 14. DTD-500 structural mechanics experimental equipment.
Processes 12 02010 g014
Processes 12 02010 g015
Figure 15. Strain acquisition instrument and strain gauge: (a) strain acquisition instrument; (b) strain gauge.
Figure 15. Strain acquisition instrument and strain gauge: (a) strain acquisition instrument; (b) strain gauge.
Processes 12 02010 g015
Processes 12 02010 g016
Figure 16. Mounting strain gauge.
Figure 16. Mounting strain gauge.
Processes 12 02010 g016
Processes 12 02010 g017
Figure 17. Loading process.
Figure 17. Loading process.
Processes 12 02010 g017
Processes 12 02010 g018
Figure 18. Comparison of zone A and B strains of unilateral and bilateral support structure: (a) zone A strains; (b) zone B strains.
Figure 18. Comparison of zone A and B strains of unilateral and bilateral support structure: (a) zone A strains; (b) zone B strains.
Processes 12 02010 g018
Table 1. Structural parameters of unilateral and bilateral support bearings.
Table 1. Structural parameters of unilateral and bilateral support bearings.
Structure TypeLarge Axis Diameter (mm)Large Axis Length (mm)Small Axis Diameter (mm)Small Axis Length (mm)
Unilateral50423013
Bilateral50423038
Table 2. Material properties of cone and claw.
Table 2. Material properties of cone and claw.
NameMaterialModulus of Elasticity (GPa)Poisson RatioYield Strength
(MPa)		Density (kg/m3)Tensile Strength (MPa)
Claw20Cr
NiMo		2080.37857800980
Cone15Mn
NiMo		21803103582001423
Table 3. Mises stress, contact stress, and principal strain of A, B, and C zones at 100 kN.
Table 3. Mises stress, contact stress, and principal strain of A, B, and C zones at 100 kN.
StressUnilateralBilateral
Zone AZone BZone CZone AZone BZone C
Max Mises stress (MPa)226.00358.80148.50211.10199.50139.40
Max contact stress (MPa)0.00125.10415.200.00107.00378.10
Max principal strain (10−4)4.0211.012.783.219.711.85
Table 4. Experimental plan.
Table 4. Experimental plan.
Structure TypeZonesLoading Speed (kN/min)Load (kN)Number of Test
UnilateralA, B1050, 60, 70, 80, 90, 1003
Bilateral
Table 5. Zone A and B strains of unilateral and bilateral support structure.
Table 5. Zone A and B strains of unilateral and bilateral support structure.
Load/kNStrain
Zone AZone B
UnilateralBilateralUnilateralBilateral
50−335.29−308.76114.88110.75
60−393.14−368.69141.67133.45
70−453.66−418.64170.27153.88
80−513.24−460.41198.88174.32
90−575.09−494.01227.48194.30
100−635.41−542.14259.27214.28
Disclaimer/Publisher’s Note: The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s). MDPI and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content.

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Liu, B.; Yang, L.; Pian, X.; Xie, R.; Chen, T.; Huang, K. Research on Strength of Bilateral Support Bearing of PDC–Cone Hybrid Bit. Processes 2024, 12, 2010. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12092010

AMA Style

Liu B, Yang L, Pian X, Xie R, Chen T, Huang K. Research on Strength of Bilateral Support Bearing of PDC–Cone Hybrid Bit. Processes. 2024; 12(9):2010. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12092010

Chicago/Turabian Style

Liu, Baxian, Liyuan Yang, Xiaoxuan Pian, Rui Xie, Ting Chen, and Kuilin Huang. 2024. "Research on Strength of Bilateral Support Bearing of PDC–Cone Hybrid Bit" Processes 12, no. 9: 2010. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12092010

Note that from the first issue of 2016, this journal uses article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details here.

Article Metrics

Back to TopTop