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Sending-or-not-sending twin-field quantum key distribution with advantage distillation

Yao Zhou, Rui-Qiang Wang, Chun-Mei Zhang, Zhen-Qiang Yin, Ze-Hao Wang, Shuang Wang, Wei Chen, Guang-Can Guo, and Zheng-Fu Han

Phys. Rev. Applied 21, 014036 – Published 19 January 2024

Abstract

A sending-or-not-sending (SNS) protocol is a very promising variant in twin-field quantum key distribution (TFQKD) for its advantages at the regime of long distance and the robustness against large optical misalignment. The actively odd-parity pairing (AOPP) method can significantly enhance the key-rate performance of the original SNS TFQKD, which forms the AOPP SNS TFQKD protocol. In this paper, we introduce the advantage distillation (AD) method to further improve the communication distance for AOPP SNS TFQKD. We also prove the composable security against coherent attacks for the AOPP SNS TFQKD with AD in the finite-key regime for bit blocks with a size of 2 in the AD process. Our AD method for AOPP SNS TFQKD protocol is expected to improve the key-rate performance in practice without changing the SNS TFQKD experimental system.

Received 30 May 2023
Revised 2 November 2023
Accepted 5 January 2024

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevApplied.21.014036

Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

Optical quantum information processing Quantum communication, protocols & technology Quantum cryptography

Quantum Information, Science & TechnologyCondensed Matter, Materials & Applied PhysicsAtomic, Molecular & Optical

Authors & Affiliations

Yao Zhou ^1,3, Rui-Qiang Wang^1,3, Chun-Mei Zhang^2,*, Zhen-Qiang Yin^1,3,4,†, Ze-Hao Wang^1,3, Shuang Wang^1,3,4, Wei Chen^1,3,4, Guang-Can Guo^1,3,4, and Zheng-Fu Han^1,3,4

¹CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
²Institute of Quantum Information and Technology, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210003, People’s Republic of China
³CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
⁴Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China