Admission Causes, Morbidity, and Outcomes in Scavenger Birds in the North of Portugal (2005–2022)
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
3.1. Geographical Origin
3.2. Annual and Seasonal Trends
3.3. Causes of Admission
3.4. Outcome and Release Rate
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Vehicle Collision | Captivity | Debilitated | Gunshot | Electrocution | Unknown | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Species | ||||||
Gyps fulvus | 6 (7.5) | 2 (2.5) | 9 (11.3) | 1 (1.9) | 1 (1.3) | 50 (63.3) |
Aegypius monachus | 0 (0) | 1 (1.3) | 1 (1.3) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 10 (12.6) |
Neophron percnopterus | 0 (0) | 1 (1.3) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 3 (3.8) |
Total | 6 | 4 | 10 | 1 | 1 | 63 |
Season | ||||||
Winter | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 3 (3.8) |
Autumn | 2 (2.5) | 1 (1.3) | 2 (2.5) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 29 (36.8) |
Spring | 0 (0) | 2 (2.5) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 5 (6.3) |
Summer | 3 (3.8) | 0 (0) | 8 (10.1) | 1 (1.9) | 1 (1.3) | 22 (27.8) |
Total | 5 | 3 | 10 | 1 | 1 | 59 |
Gyps fulvus | Aegypius monachus | Neophron percnopterus | |
---|---|---|---|
Released into the wild | 50 (63.3%) | 5 (6.3%) | 3 (3.7%) |
Death | 15 (19%) | 2 (2.5%) | 1 (1.63%) |
Non/euthanasia | 5 (6.3%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
Euthanasia | 10 (12.7%) | 2 (2.5%) | 1 (1.3%) |
Transference to another centre | 4 (5.1%) | 3 (3.7%) | 1 (1.3%) |
Vehicle Collision | Captivity | Debilitated | Gunshot | Electrocution | Unknown | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Outcomes | ||||||
Released into the wild | 5 (6.3) | 3 (3.7) | 8 (10.1) | 1 (1.3) | 0 (0) | 42 (53.1) |
Death | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (1.3) | 0 (0) | 1 (1.3) | 11 (13.9) |
Transference to another centre | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 4 (5.1) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 6 (7.6) |
Gyps fulvus | Aegypius monachus | Neophron percnopterus | |
---|---|---|---|
Traumatic causes of disease | |||
Multiple trauma | 4 | 1 | |
Gunshot | 1 | ||
Pelvic limb trauma | 6 | ||
Extensive muscle necrosis | 1 | 1 | |
Thoracic limb trauma | 6 | 1 | |
Non-traumatic causes of disease | |||
Toxic | 1 | ||
Ascites | 1 | ||
Exhaustion | 10 | 1 | |
Enteritis of unknown origin | 1 | ||
Inability to fly | 15 | 4 | 2 |
Dehydration | 7 | ||
Malnutrition | 5 | ||
Convulsion of unknown origin | 1 | 1 | |
Ataxy | 1 | ||
Corneal opacity | 1 | ||
Infectious/parasitic | |||
Feather Lice | 2 | ||
West Nile Virus | 1 | ||
Bacterial infection | 1 | ||
Ascaris spp. | 1 | ||
Leucocytozoon spp. | 1 |
Gyps fulvus | Aegypius monachus | Neophron percnopterus | |
---|---|---|---|
Traumatic causes | |||
Trauma unknown origin | 2 | ||
Cervical fracture | 1 | ||
Thoracic limb trauma | 2 | ||
Gunshot | 1 | 1 | |
Electrocution | 1 | 1 | |
Non-traumatic causes | |||
Emaciated and dehydrated | 1 | ||
Osteomyelitis and muscle necrosis | 1 | ||
Poxvirus and metabolic disease | 1 | ||
Aspergillosis | 3 | ||
Unknown (decomposition) | 3 |
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Garcês, A.; Pires, I.; Sargo, R.; Sousa, L.; Prada, J.; Silva, F. Admission Causes, Morbidity, and Outcomes in Scavenger Birds in the North of Portugal (2005–2022). Animals 2023, 13, 2093. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13132093
Garcês A, Pires I, Sargo R, Sousa L, Prada J, Silva F. Admission Causes, Morbidity, and Outcomes in Scavenger Birds in the North of Portugal (2005–2022). Animals. 2023; 13(13):2093. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13132093
Chicago/Turabian StyleGarcês, Andreia, Isabel Pires, Roberto Sargo, Luís Sousa, Justina Prada, and Filipe Silva. 2023. "Admission Causes, Morbidity, and Outcomes in Scavenger Birds in the North of Portugal (2005–2022)" Animals 13, no. 13: 2093. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13132093