Hybrid Silica Xerogel and Titania/Silica Xerogel Dispersions Reinforcing Hydrophilicity and Antimicrobial Resistance of Leathers
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Sample Preparation
2.2. Scanning Electron Microscopy
2.3. IR Spectroscopy
2.4. Surface Hydrophilicity/Hydrophobicity—Water Wettability
2.5. Antimicrobial Activity
2.5.1. Disk-Diffusion Method
2.5.2. Anti-Adherence Activity
2.5.3. Antibiofilm Activity of Leather Samples
2.6. Difusion of Leather Components in Water, Stability of the Coatings
3. Conclusions
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Materials
4.2. Instrumentation
4.3. Pretreatment of Raw Bovine Buffalo and Sheep Hides
4.4. Synthesis of Xerogels and Coating of Leathers
4.4.1. Preparation of the Silica Xerogel-Silver Nanoparticle Dispersion (Si-PEI 25,000-Ag)
4.4.2. Preparation of the Titania-Silica Xerogel-Silver Nanoparticle Dispersion (Ti-Si-PEI 25,000-Ag)
4.4.3. Preparation of the Titania-Silica Xerogel-BAC Dispersion (Ti-Si-PEI 25,000-BAC)
4.4.4. Preparation of the Titania-Silica Xerogel- Silver Nanoparticle-BAC Dispersion (Ti-Si-PEI 25,000-Ag-BAC)
4.5. Disk-Diffusion Method
4.6. Anti-Adherence Properties of Leather Samples
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Dispersion | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Leather Type | Crust Havane Buffalo | Black Crust Buffalo | White Crust Cow | Black Finished Sheep |
Blind (untreated) | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
Ti-Si-PEI 25,000-BAC | 1A | 2A | 3A | 4A |
Ti-Si-PEI 25,000-Ag | 1B | 2B | 3B | 4B |
Ti-Si-PEI 25,000-Ag-BAC | 1C | 2C | 3C | 4C |
Si-PEI 25,000-Ag | 1D | 2D | 3D | D4 |
Sample Name | t(s) = 0 | t(s) = 15 | t(s) = 30 | t(s) = 60 | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 104.5 | 105.6 | 104.8 | stable drop | |
2 | 113.4 | 104.9 | 109.7 | stable drop | |
3 | 73.05 | 27.5 | disappeared | fully adsorbed | |
4 | 69.75 | 64.35 | 62.85 | unstable drop | |
1A | 99.05 | 88.0 | 83.5 | unstable drop | |
2A | 41.85 | 19.3 | disappeared | fully adsorbed | |
3A | 65.0 | 37.3 | 27.5 | disappeared | fully adsorbed |
4A | 102.35 | 88.4 | 83.35 | 84.65 | unstable drop |
1B | 96.75 | 86.75 | 81.2 | 78.65 | unstable drop |
2B | 82.15 | 10.8 | disappeared | fully adsorbed | |
3B | 58.85 | 37.7 | disappeared | fully adsorbed | |
4B | 95.4 | 87.5 | 85.65 | 85.45 | unstable drop |
1C | 110.8 | 104.5 | 99.1 | unstable drop | |
2C | 67.9 | 52.5 | 49.1 | 25.8 | adsorbed |
3C | 84.15 | 67.0 | 43.35 | 27.35 | adsorbed |
4C | 84.75 | 75.5 | 74.6 | 73.5 | unstable drop |
1D | 118.6 | 119.2 | 119.2 | stable drop | |
2D | 78.45 | 67.6 | 60.5 | unstable drop | |
3D | 84.65 | 65.0 | 27.35 | disappeared | fully adsorbed |
4D | 64.85 | 50.55 | 54.0 | 44.3 | adsorbed |
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Arkas, M.; Bompotis, T.; Giannakopoulos, K.; Favvas, E.P.; Arvanitopoulou, M.; Arvanitopoulos, K.; Arvanitopoulos, L.; Kythreoti, G.; Vardavoulias, M.; Giannakoudakis, D.A.; et al. Hybrid Silica Xerogel and Titania/Silica Xerogel Dispersions Reinforcing Hydrophilicity and Antimicrobial Resistance of Leathers. Gels 2023, 9, 685. https://doi.org/10.3390/gels9090685
Arkas M, Bompotis T, Giannakopoulos K, Favvas EP, Arvanitopoulou M, Arvanitopoulos K, Arvanitopoulos L, Kythreoti G, Vardavoulias M, Giannakoudakis DA, et al. Hybrid Silica Xerogel and Titania/Silica Xerogel Dispersions Reinforcing Hydrophilicity and Antimicrobial Resistance of Leathers. Gels. 2023; 9(9):685. https://doi.org/10.3390/gels9090685
Chicago/Turabian StyleArkas, Michael, Theofanis Bompotis, Konstantinos Giannakopoulos, Evangelos P. Favvas, Marina Arvanitopoulou, Konstantinos Arvanitopoulos, Labros Arvanitopoulos, Georgia Kythreoti, Michail Vardavoulias, Dimitrios A. Giannakoudakis, and et al. 2023. "Hybrid Silica Xerogel and Titania/Silica Xerogel Dispersions Reinforcing Hydrophilicity and Antimicrobial Resistance of Leathers" Gels 9, no. 9: 685. https://doi.org/10.3390/gels9090685