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Applied Sciences
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Recent Advancements in Biomarkers for Noncommunicable Diseases
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Recent Advancements in Biomarkers for Noncommunicable Diseases

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Applied Biosciences and Bioengineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 January 2025 | Viewed by 3194

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Yoana D. Kisselova-Kaneva

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine and Nutrigenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Varna, 9000 Varna, Bulgaria
Interests: biomarkers; inflammation; oxidative stress; obesity; metabolic syndrome; cancer
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Tatyana Ivanova Vlaykova

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Trakia University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
2. Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
Interests: oncogenetics; biomarkers; COPD; bronchial asthma

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Noncommunicable diseases are believed to be the most common cause of death, among which cardiovascular diseases, cancer and diabetes are the most prominent. Impaired lipid profile, hyperglycemia, hypertension and obesity are associated with the development of metabolic syndrome, and the most common consequences of it are cardio-vascular diseases and type 2 diabetes, which can be related to multiple non-modifiable (age, gender, and genetic vulnerability) or modifiable risk factors, such as diet and lifestyle. Metabolic syndrome is also associated with an increased risk of malignancies. Establishing reliable molecular biomarkers for such pathologies is a challenge from both medicinal and pharmaceutical point of views.

This Special Issue aims to focus on the new advancements in the search of molecular biomarkers for noncommunicable diseases that will be vital for early detection, diagnostics, treatment and monitoring of diseases as well as for personalized and precision medicine. Identification of specific markers that correspond with certain lifestyles and the effectiveness of applied therapies of NCD patients are also of interest.

Dr. Yoana D. Kisselova-Kaneva
Dr. Tatyana Ivanova Vlaykova
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • noncommunicable diseases
  • metabolic syndrome
  • obesity
  • cardiovascular diseases
  • dyslipidemia
  • cancer
  • autoimmune diseases
  • biomarkers

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 595 KiB  
Article
Serum Concentrations of IGF-1R, ERK2, and EGFR and Their Clinical Significance in Patients with Neuroendocrine Tumors
by Roksana Duszkiewicz, Janusz Strzelczyk, Elżbieta Chełmecka and Joanna Katarzyna Strzelczyk
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(16), 6998; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14166998 - 9 Aug 2024
Viewed by 556
Abstract
Neuroendocrine tumors are a heterogeneous group of tumors located mainly in the gastrointestinal tract or the respiratory system. We aimed to determine the concentrations of IGF-1R, ERK2, and EGFR using the ELISA method in serum samples from patients with NETs and from a [...] Read more.
Neuroendocrine tumors are a heterogeneous group of tumors located mainly in the gastrointestinal tract or the respiratory system. We aimed to determine the concentrations of IGF-1R, ERK2, and EGFR using the ELISA method in serum samples from patients with NETs and from a control group. Results were evaluated with the selected demographic, clinicopathological, and biochemical characteristics. The analyses performed on a group of patients (80 in the study group and 62 in the control group) showed that the concentration of EGFR in patients with neuroendocrine tumors was significantly higher (p < 0.001) compared to the control group. Additionally, a significantly higher (p < 0.001) EGFR concentration was found in GEP-NET. Our results indicate that impaired EGFR signaling pathways are important in the context of neuroendocrine tumors. The data presented are a good starting point for further analysis of these proteins. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advancements in Biomarkers for Noncommunicable Diseases)
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12 pages, 215 KiB  
Article
Cardiac Troponins I and T as Biomarkers of Cardiomyocyte Injury—Advantages and Disadvantages of Each
by Joško Osredkar, Amila Bajrić, Hugon Možina, Luka Lipar and Aleš Jerin
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(14), 6007; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14146007 - 10 Jul 2024
Viewed by 606
Abstract
Measurement of cardiac troponin in serum is an essential part of diagnosing myocardial infarction in the emergency department. The guidelines suggest that high-sensitivity techniques should be used for measuring cardiac troponin I (cTnI) or cardiac troponin T (cTnT). The aim of our study [...] Read more.
Measurement of cardiac troponin in serum is an essential part of diagnosing myocardial infarction in the emergency department. The guidelines suggest that high-sensitivity techniques should be used for measuring cardiac troponin I (cTnI) or cardiac troponin T (cTnT). The aim of our study was to correlate the values of both troponins, and to ascertain which type of troponin is more in agreement with the diagnosis. The patients were classified into four groups: 43 patients in non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI), 7 in ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), 48 in Type 2 myocardial infarction, and 21 in the control group. A significant correlation between cTnI and cTnT was found in the NSTEMI (r = 0.70) and Type 2 (r = 0.75) groups while in the control group there was no association (r = −0.06). The ratios of cTnI and cTnT relative to their cut-off values were lower in Type 2 myocardial infarction compared to NSTEMI. This difference can be attributed to the pathophysiology of these two types of heart conditions. The ratio in the NSTEMI group was higher in female than in male patients (53.3 vs. 24.6 ng/L); the same difference was found for the ratio of cTnT (20.8 vs. 13.1 ng/L). In the same manner, the ratios in the Type 2 group were higher in female than in male patients for cTnI (25.6 vs. 12.7 ng/L) as well as for cTnT (19.0 vs. 6.73 ng/L). These differences could be due to biological differences, but they could also be influenced by other factors contributing to different damage responses. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advancements in Biomarkers for Noncommunicable Diseases)
14 pages, 899 KiB  
Article
Serum Profiling of Proinflammatory Mediators in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Indication for Use in Differential Diagnosis
by Aleksandra Górecka, Grzegorz Wisowski, Yoana Kisselova-Kaneva, Diana Ivanova, Paweł Olczyk and Katarzyna Komosinska-Vassev
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(13), 5434; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14135434 - 22 Jun 2024
Viewed by 750
Abstract
Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is a group of chronic intestinal diseases, among which Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) represent the two main types. The differential diagnosis of these two disorders is often a significant challenge, as there is a lack of [...] Read more.
Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is a group of chronic intestinal diseases, among which Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) represent the two main types. The differential diagnosis of these two disorders is often a significant challenge, as there is a lack of specific and non-invasive biomarkers. In this study, we assessed the serum profile of proinflammatory mediators (E- and P-selectin, CCL2, IL-1α, IL-12p70, TNF-α) in patients with IBD to identify biomarkers helpful in the differential diagnosis of CD and UC. The conducted statistical analyses revealed a significant increase in E-selectin, P-selectin, IL-1α, and IL-12p70 levels in the serum of CD patients compared to UC. The performed ROC curve analysis identified moderate values of E-selectin (AUC 0.752), P-selectin (AUC 0.733), and IL-1α (AUC 0.731) in differentiating CD from UC, while IL-12p70 presented a satisfactory value (AUC 0.695). Simultaneous measurements of each biomarker with serum calprotectin improved the ability of E-selectin (AUC 0.752 vs. 0.829), P-selectin (AUC 0.733 vs. 0.75), IL-1α (AUC 0.731 vs. 0.778), and IL-12p70 (AUC 0.695 vs. 0.714) to differentiate CD from UC. Moreover, we identified a significant relationship between the concentration of CCL2 (r = 0.566, p < 0.005) and TNF-α (r = 0.431, p < 0.05) and the disease activity expressed as the Mayo score in the UC group. We also identified a significant relationship between the concentration of E-selectin (r = 0.372, p < 0.05), CCL-2 (r = 0.55, p < 0.05), IL-1α (r = 0.637, p < 0.005), and TNF-α in the group of patients with UC. Another significant correlation in the UC group was noted in the case of E-selectin and IL-12p70 (r = 0.542, p < 0.05), as well as between IL1-α and P-selectin (r = 0.514, p < 0.05). The results obtained in this study indicate the potential use of E-selectin, P-selectin, IL-1α, and IL-12p70 serum profiles in differentiating CD from UC. Regarding the significant relationship of CCL2 and TNF-α with the Mayo score, these two biomarkers might be useful in assessing and monitoring the disease activity during UC. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advancements in Biomarkers for Noncommunicable Diseases)
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25 pages, 6549 KiB  
Article
Unveiling the Hidden Potential of Simple but Promising Blood Cell Parameters on Acute Myocardial Infarction Prognostication
by Cosmina Elena Jercălău, Cătălina Liliana Andrei, Lavinia Nicoleta Brezeanu, Roxana Oana Darabont, Suzana Guberna, Gabriela Postolea, Octavian Ceban and Crina Julieta Sinescu
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(6), 2545; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14062545 - 18 Mar 2024
Viewed by 721
Abstract
Background: Non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI), a disease of mounting interest, continues to pose challenges and cast shadows of doubt on determining the optimal timing for revascularization. The current guidelines on NSTEMI recommend coronary angiography based on the GRACE score, emphasizing the critical need [...] Read more.
Background: Non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI), a disease of mounting interest, continues to pose challenges and cast shadows of doubt on determining the optimal timing for revascularization. The current guidelines on NSTEMI recommend coronary angiography based on the GRACE score, emphasizing the critical need for early invasive assessment (within 24 h); very-high-risk patients have to undergo this intervention even sooner, within 2 h. We believe that a reality check of these assumptions is needed and that we should endeavor to update these strategies using new predictive markers. Materials and methods: Our study included patients hospitalized for NSTEMI over the course of 16 months. Simple blood parameters, namely MCV (mean corpuscular volume), MPV (mean platelet volume), RDW (red blood cell distribution width), and PDW (platelet distribution width), were analyzed in correlation with the extent of the myocardial infarction area and with complications during hospitalization and at 30-day follow-up. Results: The parameters mentioned above have been identified as statistically relevant indicators of prognosis in patients with NSTEMI. Conclusions: In the present day, living in the world of the blue sky concept allows us to search for new diagnostic algorithms. Therefore, the combination of these parameters can constitute the DNA strands of a new and up-to-date score stratification. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advancements in Biomarkers for Noncommunicable Diseases)
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