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Advances in Molecular Mechanisms of Neurodegenerative Diseases

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Neurobiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 August 2024 | Viewed by 1224

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Centre for Systems Health and Integrated Metabolic Research (SHiMR), School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK
Interests: neurodegeneration; proteostasis; neurodegenerative disorders; Parkinson’s disease; proteomic analysis; mitochondria; reactive oxygen species

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Neurodegenerative diseases affect millions of people worldwide and have been recognised as a critical global health challenge. Neurodegenerative diseases comprise multiple disorders including Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s disease and are primarily characterised by a progressive loss of neurons. There are several approved drugs for managing neurodegenerative diseases; however, a majority of these drugs only target disease symptoms. At the cellular level, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and altered proteolysis are considered important contributors to neurodegeneration. However, more research into molecular signalling mechanism is needed to better understand the complex nature and signalling molecules/pathways involved in neuronal death. This Special Issue is dedicated to the recent research progress made in unrevealing the molecular signalling mediating cell death and survival in neurodegeneration and identifying new targets/pathways that can be exploited for the development of novel therapies to stop/slow down neuronal death.

This Special Issue is supervised by Dr. Aslihan Ugun-Klusek and assisted by our Guest Editor’s Assistant Editor Dr. Shreyasi Chatterjee (Nottingham Trent University).

Dr. Aslihan Ugun-Klusek
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • neurodegeneration
  • Parkinson’s disease
  • Alzheimer’s disease
  • molecular signalling
  • neuronal death

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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11 pages, 255 KiB  
Article
Genetic Polymorphisms in the HMGCR Gene and Associations with Cognitive Decline in Parkinson’s Disease Patients
by Anna Pierzchlińska, Jarosław Sławek, Magdalena Kwaśniak-Butowska, Damian Malinowski, Nina Komaniecka, Monika Mak, Anna Czerkawska, Arnold Kukowka and Monika Białecka
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(16), 8964; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25168964 - 17 Aug 2024
Viewed by 331
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disease characterized by motor and non-motor symptoms including cognitive impairment and dementia. The etiopathogenesis of PD, as well as its protective and susceptibility factors, are still elusive. 3-Hydroxy-3-methyglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR) is an enzyme regulating [...] Read more.
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disease characterized by motor and non-motor symptoms including cognitive impairment and dementia. The etiopathogenesis of PD, as well as its protective and susceptibility factors, are still elusive. 3-Hydroxy-3-methyglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR) is an enzyme regulating cholesterol synthesis. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the gene coding HMGCR have recently been correlated with the risk of Alzheimer’s disease. Alternative splicing of exon 13 of the HMGCR transcript and its strongly associated HMGCR haplotype 7 (H7: rs17244841, rs3846662, rs17238540) may downregulate protein activity and cholesterol synthesis, with lower low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) levels associated with PD that may affect cognitive abilities. We genotyped three SNPs in the H7 HMGCR gene in 306 PD patients divided into three groups—without cognitive decline, with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and with PD dementia—and in 242 healthy participants. A correlation between the rs17238540 genotype and PD susceptibility as well as a minor association between rs3846662 and cognitive status in PD patients was observed; however, the two-sided analysis of these groups did not reveal any significance. We observed a statistically significant elevated high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) plasma level in the minor allele carriers of rs17238540 and rs17244841 among PD patients. This study should be replicated in a larger population. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Molecular Mechanisms of Neurodegenerative Diseases)

Review

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16 pages, 537 KiB  
Review
Alzheimer’s Disease Neuropathological Change in Aged Non-Primate Mammals
by Isidro Ferrer
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(15), 8118; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25158118 - 25 Jul 2024
Viewed by 532
Abstract
Human brain aging is characterized by the production and deposition of β-amyloid (Aβ) in the form of senile plaques and cerebral amyloid angiopathy and the intracellular accumulation of hyper-phosphorylated tau (Hp-tau) to form neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) and dystrophic neurites of senile plaques. The [...] Read more.
Human brain aging is characterized by the production and deposition of β-amyloid (Aβ) in the form of senile plaques and cerebral amyloid angiopathy and the intracellular accumulation of hyper-phosphorylated tau (Hp-tau) to form neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) and dystrophic neurites of senile plaques. The process progresses for years and eventually manifests as cognitive impairment and dementia in a subgroup of aged individuals. Aβ is produced and deposited first in the neocortex in most aged mammals, including humans; it is usually not accompanied by altered behavior and cognitive impairment. Hp-tau is less frequent than Aβ pathology, and NFTs are rare in most mammals. In contrast, NFTs are familiar from middle age onward in humans; NFTs first appear in the paleocortex and selected brain stem nuclei. NFTs precede for decades or years Aβ deposition and correlate with dementia in about 5% of individuals at the age of 65 and 25% at the age of 85. Based on these comparative data, (a) Aβ deposition is the most common Alzheimer’s disease neuropathological change (ADNC) in the brain of aged mammals; (b) Hp-tau is less common, and NFTs are rare in most aged mammals; however, NFTs are the principal cytoskeletal pathology in aged humans; (c) NFT in aged humans starts in selected nuclei of the brain stem and paleocortical brain regions progressing to the most parts of the neocortex and other regions of the telencephalon; (d) human brain aging is unique among mammalian species due to the early appearance and dramatic progression of NFTs from middle age onward, matching with cognitive impairment and dementia in advanced cases; (e) neither mammalian nor human brain aging supports the concept of the amyloid cascade hypothesis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Molecular Mechanisms of Neurodegenerative Diseases)
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