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Photonics
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Photonics: 10th Anniversary
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Photonics: 10th Anniversary

A special issue of Photonics (ISSN 2304-6732).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 December 2024 | Viewed by 4299

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Nelson Tansu

grade E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering (EEE), The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
Interests: photonics; nanoelectronics; quantum devices; semiconductor lasers; VCSELs; III-nitride semiconductors; GaN semiconductors; III-V and III-V-nitrides; III-oxide technologies; LED technologies; MOCVD; epitaxy; MBE; power electronics; integrated technologies; biomedical devices and systems; computational sciences for nanoscales; machine learning/AI; quantum materials
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Sergio Fantini

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, MA 02155, USA
Interests: biomedical optics; diffuse optical imaging; functional near-infrared spectroscopy; quantitative tissue oximetry
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Photonics is an international, scientific, peer-reviewed, open access journal on the science and technology of optics and photonics, published monthly online by MDPI. Since the release of its inaugural issue as a quarterly journal in 2014, Photonics has undergone a remarkable journey. (https://www.mdpi.com/journal/photonics/history).

The year 2024 will mark the 10th-anniversary volume of Photonics, and we wish to mark this significant milestone by publishing a commemorative Special Issue entitled “Photonics: 10th Anniversary”. This Special Issue will be a collection of high-quality reviews and original research articles within the field of optics and photonics (https://www.mdpi.com/journal/photonics/about).

Prof. Dr. Nelson Tansu
Prof. Dr. Sergio Fantini
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Photonics is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • optics
  • photonics
  • biophotonics
  • optoelectronics
  • optical communication
  • lasers
  • light sources
  • optical sensors
  • quantum photonics

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

8 pages, 7013 KiB  
Article
Bessel-Beam Single-Photon High-Resolution Imaging in Time and Space
by Huiyu Qi, Zhaohui Li, Yurong Wang, Xiuliang Chen, Haifeng Pan, E Wu and Guang Wu
Photonics 2024, 11(8), 704; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics11080704 - 29 Jul 2024
Viewed by 210
Abstract
Synchronous laser beam scanning is a common technique used in single-photon imaging where the spatial resolution is primarily determined by the beam divergence angle. In this context, Bessel beams have been investigated as they can overcome the diffraction limit associated with traditional Gaussian [...] Read more.
Synchronous laser beam scanning is a common technique used in single-photon imaging where the spatial resolution is primarily determined by the beam divergence angle. In this context, Bessel beams have been investigated as they can overcome the diffraction limit associated with traditional Gaussian beams. Notably, the central spot of a Bessel beam retains its size almost unchanged within a non-diffractive distance. However, the presence of sidelobes in the Bessel beam can negatively impact spatial resolution. To address this challenge, we have developed a single-photon imaging system with high-depth resolution, which allows for the suppression of echo photons from the sidelobe light in the depth image, particularly when their flight time differs from that of the central spot. In our LiDAR setup, we successfully achieved high-resolution scanning imaging with a spatial resolution of approximately 0.5 mm while also demonstrating a high-depth resolution of 12 mm. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Photonics: 10th Anniversary)
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15 pages, 23783 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of Fluorescence Contrast for the Differentiation of Ex Vivo Tissue Slides from Collagen-Related Degenerative Skin Diseases
by Tsanislava Genova, Petya Pavlova, Lidia Zaharieva, Petranka Troyanova and Ivan Terziev
Photonics 2024, 11(8), 687; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics11080687 - 24 Jul 2024
Viewed by 329
Abstract
Histopathological analysis is one of the primary pillars in clinical diagnostics. The efforts to implement optical techniques aim at alleviating the burden of delivering timely and accurate diagnoses. We have explored the potential application of unstained tissue slides’ autofluorescence to differentiate collagen-related skin [...] Read more.
Histopathological analysis is one of the primary pillars in clinical diagnostics. The efforts to implement optical techniques aim at alleviating the burden of delivering timely and accurate diagnoses. We have explored the potential application of unstained tissue slides’ autofluorescence to differentiate collagen-related skin degenerative diseases, such as psoriasis, lupus erythematosus, scleroderma, and Syndrome of Raynaud. This exploration involved two techniques: fluorescence microscopy combined with colorimetric analysis and synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy. We addressed the main characteristic peculiarities of the examined samples and discussed the evaluation of potential classification parameters along with their diagnostic values. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Photonics: 10th Anniversary)
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17 pages, 5806 KiB  
Article
Subset-Optimized Eight-Dimensional Trellis-Coded Modulation Scheme in High-Speed Optical Communication
by Jiexin Chen, Qi Zhang, Qihan Zhao, Xiangjun Xin, Ran Gao, Haipeng Yao, Feng Tian, Yongjun Wang, Qinghua Tian, Leijing Yang, Lan Rao, Fu Wang and Sitong Zhou
Photonics 2024, 11(7), 584; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics11070584 - 21 Jun 2024
Viewed by 412
Abstract
In this paper, a subset-optimized eight-dimensional trellis-coded quadrature amplitude modulation (SO-8DTCM-16QAM) format for higher-order constellations in high-speed optical communications is proposed. This scheme increases the number of subsets of base 2D constellation divisions. On this basis, it is further optimized by using 2D [...] Read more.
In this paper, a subset-optimized eight-dimensional trellis-coded quadrature amplitude modulation (SO-8DTCM-16QAM) format for higher-order constellations in high-speed optical communications is proposed. This scheme increases the number of subsets of base 2D constellation divisions. On this basis, it is further optimized by using 2D subsets for Cartesian product combinations to obtain 4D subsets and eliminate the combinations with small Euclidean distances. Finally, the 4D subsets are utilized to construct interrelated 8D subsets for trellis coding modulation and signal transmission. The proposed scheme can effectively reduce the decoding complexity and outperforms the conventional scheme at a high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Simulation verification of the proposed scheme is carried out, and the results show that the SO-8DTCM-16QAM achieves signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) gains of 1.60 dB, 1.56 dB, 1.51 dB, and 1.33 dB, respectively, compared with the conventional 8D-16QAM signals when BTB and 5/20/30 km optical signal transmission are performed. The SO-8DTCM-16QAM also achieves an SNR gain of 1.86 dB, 1.75 dB, and 1.22 dB at a net transmission rate of 14/21/28 GBaud. In addition, the SO-8DTCM-16/32/64QAM achieves an SNR gain of 1.27 dB, 0.80 dB, and 1.24 dB, respectively, when compared with the unoptimized 8DTCM-16/32/64QAM. Meanwhile, the proposed eight-subset SO-8DTCM-QAM scheme reduces the complexity of the decoding computation in the subset selection part and the constellation point selection part by 93.75% and 50%, respectively, compared with the unoptimized eight-subset and four-subset 8DTCM-QAM schemes. It can be seen that the proposed scheme simultaneously optimizes the transmission performance and complexity of high-speed optical communication systems and has practical application value. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Photonics: 10th Anniversary)
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17 pages, 4307 KiB  
Article
High-Dynamic-Range Absorption Spectroscopy by Generating a Wide Path-Length Distribution with Scatterers
by Ayaka Mori, Kyohei Yamashita and Eiji Tokunaga
Photonics 2024, 11(6), 556; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics11060556 - 13 Jun 2024
Viewed by 665
Abstract
In absorption spectroscopy, it is challenging to detect absorption peaks with significant differences in their intensity in a single measurement. We enable high-dynamic-range measurements by dispersing scatterers within a sample to create a broad distribution of path lengths (PLs). The sample is placed [...] Read more.
In absorption spectroscopy, it is challenging to detect absorption peaks with significant differences in their intensity in a single measurement. We enable high-dynamic-range measurements by dispersing scatterers within a sample to create a broad distribution of path lengths (PLs). The sample is placed within an integrating sphere (IS) to capture all scattered light of various PLs. To address the complexities of PLs inside the IS and the sample, we performed a ray-tracing simulation using the Monte Carlo (MC) method, which estimates the measured absorbance A and PL distribution from the sample’s absorption coefficient µa and scattering properties at each wavelength λ. This method was validated using dye solutions with two absorption peaks whose intensity ratio is 95:1, employing polystyrene microspheres (PSs) as scatterers. The results confirmed that both peak shapes were delineated in a single measurement without flattening the high absorption peak. Although the measured peak shapes A(λ) did not align with the actual peak shapes µa(λ), MC enabled the reproduction of µa(λ) from A(λ). Furthermore, the analysis of the PL distribution by MC shows that adding scatterers broadens the distribution and shifts it toward shorter PLs as absorption increases, effectively adjusting it to µa. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Photonics: 10th Anniversary)
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13 pages, 9090 KiB  
Article
Discriminating Glioblastoma from Normal Brain Tissue In Vivo Using Optical Coherence Tomography and Angiography: A Texture and Microvascular Analysis Approach
by Trung Nguyễn-Hoàng, Tai-Ang Wang, Chia-Heng Wu and Meng-Tsan Tsai
Photonics 2024, 11(5), 435; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics11050435 - 8 May 2024
Viewed by 834
Abstract
Brain tumors arise from abnormal cell growth in the brain. Glioblastoma, the most common and aggressive type, poses significant challenges for identification during surgery. The primary goal of this study is to identify and differentiate normal brain tissue from glioblastoma tissue using optical [...] Read more.
Brain tumors arise from abnormal cell growth in the brain. Glioblastoma, the most common and aggressive type, poses significant challenges for identification during surgery. The primary goal of this study is to identify and differentiate normal brain tissue from glioblastoma tissue using optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography (OCTA). These techniques offer a non-invasive way to analyze the morphological and microvascular alternations associated with glioblastoma in an animal model. To monitor the changes in morphology and vascular distribution of brain tissue as glioblastoma tumors grow, time-series OCT and OCTA results were collected for comparison. Texture analysis of OCT images was proposed using the gray-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM), from which homogeneity and variance were calculated as discriminative parameters. Additionally, OCTA was used to assess microvascular characteristics, including vessel diameter, density, and fractal dimension. The findings demonstrate that the proposed methods can effectively distinguish between normal and cancerous brain tissue in vivo. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Photonics: 10th Anniversary)
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11 pages, 2059 KiB  
Article
The Diffraction Efficiency of Acrylate-Based Holographically Photopolymerized Gratings Enhanced by the Dark Reaction
by Ziyan Bai, Wenfeng Cai, Ming Cheng, Shun Lan, Delai Kong, Jian Shen, Mengjia Cen, Dan Luo, Yuan Chen and Yan Jun Liu
Photonics 2024, 11(4), 320; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics11040320 - 29 Mar 2024
Viewed by 722
Abstract
Photopolymers, especially acrylate-based ones with low cost and simple preparation, are promising materials for high-efficiency holographic gratings. However, it is still challenging to achieve high-performance gratings, due to the influences of many factors. In this work, we found that the dark reaction plays [...] Read more.
Photopolymers, especially acrylate-based ones with low cost and simple preparation, are promising materials for high-efficiency holographic gratings. However, it is still challenging to achieve high-performance gratings, due to the influences of many factors. In this work, we found that the dark reaction plays a critical role. The effect of the dark reaction on the optical properties of holographic gratings was investigated. Experimental results reveal that the diffraction efficiency of the gratings can be improved by a factor of three by involving the dark reaction process, and the highest diffraction efficiency for gratings can reach 97.8% after optimization. Therefore, the dark reaction can greatly enhance the optical performance of acrylate-based holographic gratings and other optical elements, thus holding great potential for many applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Photonics: 10th Anniversary)
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