Search Results (3,243)

Education is an indispensable tool for improving social sustainability. In the school context, a wide variety of methodologies are being considered to achieve this goal by promoting cultural and experiential sustainability through educational and technological innovation. Educational robotics is an educational–formative context that makes it possible to develop new learning environments, enhance sustainable curriculum development, and promote active student participation. The general objective of this research is to analyze the perceptions of teachers of technology, robotics, and/or programming and to study the social benefits of interpersonal, intrapersonal, and/or academic skills of students to improve curricular sustainability during the teaching–learning process from the perspective of robotics and programming in students in early childhood education, primary education, compulsory secondary education, and other educational levels in formal and non-formal education. The study sample included 115 teachers of technology, programming, and/or robotics (50.4% male, 49.6% female). The research was carried out using a quantitative, retrospective, and cohort methodology through a cross-sectional, non-experimental, and non-longitudinal study over time. A questionnaire specifically designed to collect data from the participating teachers was used. According to the results obtained, educational robotics is a multidisciplinary learning tool that enhances the development of skills such as personal autonomy, collaborative work, and emotional management, motivates the acquisition of knowledge based on practice, promotes curricular sustainability, and creates a new learning context where the teacher is the formative guide of the students and the students are engaged in their own learning. Full article

Diagnosis and management of fetal arrhythmias have changed over the past 40–50 years since propranolol was first used to treat fetal tachycardia in 1975 and when first attempts were made at in utero pacing for complete heart block in 1986. Ongoing clinical trials, including the FAST therapy trial for fetal tachycardia and the STOP-BLOQ trial for anti-Ro-mediated fetal heart block, are working to improve diagnosis and management of fetal arrhythmias for both mother and fetus. We are also learning more about how “silent arrhythmias”, like long QT syndrome and other inherited channelopathies, may be identified by recognizing “subtle” abnormalities in fetal heart rate, and while echocardiography yet remains the primary tool for diagnosing fetal arrhythmias, research efforts continue to advance the clinical envelope for fetal electrocardiography and fetal magnetocardiography. Pharmacologic management of fetal arrhythmias remains one of the most successful achievements of fetal intervention. Patience, vigilance, and multidisciplinary collaboration are key to successful diagnosis and treatment. Full article

This work and manuscript focus on how 3D scanning methodologies and post-processing analyses may help us to gain a deeper investigation of cuneiform tablets beyond the written content. The dataset proposed herein is a key part of the archaeological collection preserved in the Musei Reali of Turin in Italy; these archaeological artefacts enclose further important semantic information extractable through detailed 3D documentation and 3D model filtering. In fact, this scanning process is a fundamental tool for better reading of sealing impressions beneath the cuneiform text, as well as for understanding micrometric evidence of the fingerprints of scribes. Most of the seal impressions were made before the writing (like a watermark), and thus, they are not detectable to the naked eye due to cuneiform signs above them as well as the state of preservation. In this regard, 3D scanning and post-processing analysis could help in the analysis of these nearly invisible features impressed on tablets. For this reason, this work is also based on how 3D analyses may support the identification of the unperceived and almost invisible features concealed in clay tablets. Analysis of fingerprints and the depths of the signs can tell us about the worker’s strategies and the people beyond the artefacts. Three-dimensional models generated inside the Artec 3D ecosystem via Space Spider scanner and Artec Studio software were further investigated by applying specific filters and shaders. Digital light manipulation can reveal, through the dynamic displacement of light and shadows, particular details that can be deeply analysed with specific post-processing operations: for example, the MSII (multi-scale integral invariant) filter is a powerful tool exploited for revealing hidden and unperceived features such as fingerprints and sealing impressions (stratigraphically below cuneiform signs). Finally, the collected data will be handled twofold: in an open-access repository and through a common data environment (CDE) to aid in the data exchange process for project collaborators and common users. Full article

Due to its high complexity and the varied assembly processes, hybrid assembly systems characterized by human–robot collaboration (HRC) are meaningful. Suitable use cases must be identified efficiently to ensure cost-effectiveness and successful deployment in the respective assembly systems. This paper presents a method for evaluating the potential of HRC to derive automation suitability based on existing or to-be-collected time data. This should enable a quick and favorable statement to be made about processes, for efficient application in potential analyses. The method is based on the Methods–Time–Measurement Basic System (MTM-1) procedure, widely used in the industry. This ensures good adaptability in an industrial context. It extends existing models and examines how much assembly activities and processes can be optimized by efficiently allocating between humans and robots. In the process model, the assembly processes are subdivided and analyzed with the help of the specified MTM motion time system. The suitability of the individual activities and sub-processes for automation are evaluated based on criteria derived from existing methods. Two four-field matrices were used to interpret and classify the analysis results. The process is assessed using an example product from electrolyzer production, which is currently mainly assembled by hand. To achieve high statement reliability, further work is required to classify the results comprehensively. Full article

Functional textiles and clothing designed for children should provide a safe and supportive environment, encompassing comfort, safety, health, wellbeing, and cognitive development, as well as fostering interaction and exploration. This study explores the multifaceted nature of functional textiles and clothing for children. It emphasises the importance of comprehensive knowledge about the user and an interdisciplinary approach in the design process. The integration of expertise from diverse fields contributes to a holistic understanding of the challenges and opportunities inherent in creating clothing that satisfies aesthetic demands and promotes the wellbeing of children. Through a study of existing research in functional textiles and a market analysis of children’s clothing, this research underscores the importance of practical application of studied materials and technologies in children’s fashion, creating innovative and purposeful solutions. This collaborative effort involves working with multidisciplinary teams and applying designers’ updated knowledge of functional materials throughout all stages of the design process. The study emphasises the designer’s responsibility in articulating the essential knowledge needed to integrate functionality from the beginning of the design process, ensuring that practical considerations are integral to the core attributes of the clothing. The study also proposes a framework that represents the design process for functional children’s clothing. Full article

Based on two research projects in the Brussels-based artistic workspace and NGO Globe Aroma, this paper shows how artists with a (recent) migration background make sense of the arts and the space in which they are produced. Born out of a need to counter the dominant presence of men in this artistic workspace and create a welcoming environment, textile-making and live radio were used as means of reclaiming space, fostering solidarity, and sharing personal narratives. Textile-making, traditionally associated with domesticity, was repurposed for public exhibition, challenging the dichotomy between private and public spheres. Furthermore, the projects challenged neo-colonial dynamics and traditional research methodologies. While asking which (micro-)political meaning these artists give to their works and practices, the paper also reflects on the cultural thresholds experienced by migrant artists wishing to access hegemonic arts institutions. Full article

Newborn bloodspot screening (NBS) began in the early 1960s based on the work of Dr. Robert “Bob” Guthrie in Buffalo, NY, USA. His development of a screening test for phenylketonuria on blood absorbed onto a special filter paper and transported to a remote testing laboratory began it all. Expansion of NBS to large numbers of asymptomatic congenital conditions flourishes in many settings while it has not yet been realized in others. The need for NBS as an efficient and effective public health prevention strategy that contributes to lowered morbidity and mortality wherever it is sustained is well known in the medical field but not necessarily by political policy makers. Acknowledging the value of national NBS reports published in 2007, the authors collaborated to create a worldwide NBS update in 2015. In a continuing attempt to review the progress of NBS globally, and to move towards a more harmonized and equitable screening system, we have updated our 2015 report with information available at the beginning of 2024. Reports on sub-Saharan Africa and the Caribbean, missing in 2015, have been included. Tables popular in the previous report have been updated with an eye towards harmonized comparisons. To emphasize areas needing attention globally, we have used regional tables containing similar listings of conditions screened, numbers of screening laboratories, and time at which specimen collection is recommended. Discussions are limited to bloodspot screening. Full article

Caring for the other is an ethical as well as an aesthetic question: but where does one end and where does the other begin? Rita Charon, in her work Narrative Medicine (2006), builds a strong case against such separation in medical care, or more precisely, against the negligence of what she calls “narrative competence”—defined as the ability to absorb, interpret, and translate stories of others. Charon compares the work of health professionals to that of a skilled translator, who reads not only words but also silences and metaphors. While Charon focuses primarily on developing the concept of care as aesthetic experience for health professionals, Yuriko Saito’s recent publication Aesthetics of Care (2022) draws a parallel between care ethics in general and aesthetic experience. Both, according to Saito, share the same attitudes such as open-mindedness, receptivity, respect, and collaborative spirit. In this paper, I will discuss the concept of care in Belgian film director Chantal Akerman’s later works: My Mother Laughs (2019) and No Home Movie (2015). Through different media—the former being a memoir and the latter a documentary—Akerman cares for her mother and bears witness to the end of her mother’s life. Taking cues from Charon and Saito, I argue that both media are media of care: they are aesthetic means of bearing witness to illness, trauma, love, and care. Especially through filmmaking, Akerman seems to have achieved the impossible: that is, the desire of the daughter not to take her eyes off her dying mother and look at her eternally. Such desire is also expressed in her film aesthetics: the long take inscribes a waiting becoming infinite; it is as if the movie, or the motion picture, is exposed to both a slow death and a passage to eternity. At the same time, unlike Charon and Saito, who position the carer as an ideal reader and viewer, I argue that Akerman as the carer is by no means perfect: her memoir offers a detailed account of her need to keep a distance and hide from her mother, and of her mother’s complaint about Akerman not sharing her life with her. Distance is what Akerman struggles with regarding her relation to her mother, and she struggles with it through writing and filming. In Akerman’s case, the ability to achieve the impossible with aesthetic media lies precisely in mediation and mediality: they enable a relation of care that is close, yet still maintains a safe distance. Full article

Cyber threats continue to evolve in complexity, thereby traditional cyber threat intelligence (CTI) methods struggle to keep pace. AI offers a potential solution, automating and enhancing various tasks, from data ingestion to resilience verification. This paper explores the potential of integrating artificial intelligence (AI) into CTI. We provide a blueprint of an AI-enhanced CTI processing pipeline and detail its components and functionalities. The pipeline highlights the collaboration between AI and human expertise, which is necessary to produce timely and high-fidelity cyber threat intelligence. We also explore the automated generation of mitigation recommendations, harnessing AI’s capabilities to provide real-time, contextual, and predictive insights. However, the integration of AI into CTI is not without its challenges. Thereby, we discuss the ethical dilemmas, potential biases, and the imperative for transparency in AI-driven decisions. We address the need for data privacy, consent mechanisms, and the potential misuse of technology. Moreover, we highlight the importance of addressing biases both during CTI analysis and within AI models, warranting their transparency and interpretability. Lastly, our work points out future research directions, such as the exploration of advanced AI models to augment cyber defenses, and human–AI collaboration optimization. Ultimately, the fusion of AI with CTI appears to hold significant potential in the cybersecurity domain. Full article

The cyberphysical systems of smart cities are facing increasingly severe attack situations, and traditional separate protection methods are difficult to effectively respond to. It is urgent to coordinate public safety and cybersecurity protection. However, the integration of the two faces many challenges and is a very promising research field. The aim of this study is to investigate technical approaches for the synergy between public safety and cybersecurity. This paper proposes a smart city safety protection model inspired by the human immune mechanism. It was found that through a three-line defense architecture similar to the human immune mechanism, and with the help of certain algorithms and functional middleware modules, public safety and cybersecurity protection components can be dynamically combined to achieve collaboration. This work has verified through experiments a valuable path to effectively resist complicated attack threats intertwined with public safety and cybersecurity factors. Full article

Energy efficiency and data reliability are important indicators to measure network performance in wireless sensor networks. In existing research schemes of routing protocols, the impact of node coverage on the network is often ignored, and the possibility that multiple sensor nodes may sense the same spatial point is not taken into account, which results in a waste of network resources, especially in large-scale networks. Apart from that, the blindness of geographic routing in data transmission has been troubling researchers, which means that the nodes are unable to determine the validity of data transmission. In order to solve the above problems, this paper innovatively combines the routing protocol with the coverage control technique and proposes the node collaborative scheduling algorithm, which fully considers the correlation characteristics between sensor nodes to reduce the number of active working nodes and the number of packets generated, to further reduce energy consumption and network delay and improve packet delivery rate. In order to solve the problem of unreliability of geographic routing, a highly reliable link detection and repair scheme is proposed to check the communication link status and repair the invalid link, which can greatly improve the packet delivery rate and throughput of the network, and has good robustness. A large number of experiments demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of our proposed scheme and algorithm. Full article

In the era of Innovation 3.0, more and more enterprises are working together to build an innovation ecosystem to achieve value creation. The various participants in the innovation ecosystem promote resource aggregation and integration through cross boundary collaboration, jointly creating the value of the ecosystem. Value co-creation has become the core goal pursued by the participants in the innovation ecosystem. As an innovative participant in the innovation ecosystem, it is particularly necessary for enterprises to explore the formation mechanism of value co-creation from the perspective of enterprise knowledge characteristics. This article analyzes the value co-creation mechanism of innovation ecosystems from the perspective of including internal knowledge bases and external relationships. Based on the dimension of knowledge element relationships, a theoretical model is constructed to investigate the impact of enterprise knowledge element relationships on value co-creation in innovation ecosystems and explore the mediating role of knowledge synergy and the moderating role of innovation ecosystem normativity. The relationships are modeled based on survey data collected from 427 Chinese companies, and multiple regression analysis and bootstrap methods are used to empirically test the hypotheses. The research results show that different dimensions of knowledge element relationships have different impacts on value co-creation. Knowledge element substitution negatively affects value co-creation, while knowledge combination diversity positively affects value co-creation. However, there is an inverted U-shaped relationship between knowledge element complementarity and value co-creation. Knowledge synergy partially mediates the relationship between knowledge element relationships and value co-creation, and innovation ecosystem normativity has a two-stage moderating effect on the path from knowledge element relationships to knowledge synergy to value co-creation. This article enriches the research content of knowledge management in innovation ecosystems, guides enterprises in the innovation ecosystem to reasonably construct their own knowledge systems, and promotes the formation of innovation ecosystem norms, thus promoting the development of value co-creation activities. Full article

Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) is heralding a new era in AI for performing a spectrum of complex tasks that are indistinguishable from humans. Alongside language and text, Generative AI models have been built for all other modalities of digital data, image, video, audio, and code. The full extent of Generative AI and its opportunities, challenges, contributions, and risks are still being explored by academic researchers, industry practitioners, and government policymakers. While this deep understanding of Generative AI continues to evolve, the lack of fluency, literacy, and effective interaction with Generative and conventional AI technologies are common challenges across all domains. Tertiary education institutions are uniquely positioned to address this void. In this article, we present the human-centred design of a universal AI literacy module, followed by its four primary constructs that provide core competence in AI to coursework and research students and academic and professional staff in a tertiary education setting. In comparison to related work in AI literacy, our design is inclusive due to the collaborative approach between multiple stakeholder groups and is comprehensive given the descriptive formulation of the primary constructs of this module with exemplars of how they activate core operational competence across the four groups. Full article

Community partnerships, based on ‘the collaborative turn’ in academic research, are an increasingly common framework through which ‘bottom-up’ histories, particularly of diverse and/or more marginalised communities, are being told. This article is about the ‘doing’ of this type of work. It focuses on the question: what lessons can be made visible when attempted cooperation fails to deliver the outcomes initially hoped for? Firstly, this article outlines the events and activities undertaken by the authors in exploring the ways that ephemera and other objects can be used to understand and transmit the historical experiences of communities often on the periphery of mainstream war commemoration. It will discuss the ways in which connections with these communities were built, with the aim of undertaking several creative writing workshops, leading to a co-produced publication of the participants’ material. Secondly, as part of a broader acknowledgment of the possibility of failure and its benefits, it will explore why some of these creative workshop efforts failed to meet expectations and outline a series of recommendations for other historians and community-orientated projects to consider for future activities. Full article

Workload (WL) measurement is a crucial foundation for human–machine collaboration, particularly in high-stress multitasking environments such as manned vehicle operations during emergencies, where operators often experience High Workload (HWL) levels, increasing the risk of human error. To address this challenge, this study introduces a novel WL measurement method that combines Task Demand Load (TDL) and Subject Load Capacity (SLC) to quantitatively assess operator workload. This method was validated through experiments with 45 subjects using the Environmental Control and Atmospheric Regeneration (ECAR) system. The statistical results showed that as the designed WL levels increased, the Average Workload (AWL), the NASA-TLX score, and the work time percentage increased significantly, while the task accuracy and the fixation duration decreased significantly. These results also revealed the impact of WL levels on human responses (such as subjective feeling, work performance, and eye movement). In addition, very strong correlations were found between AWL measurements and NASA-TLX scores (r = 0.75, p < 0.01), task accuracy (r = −0.73, p < 0.01), and work time percentage (r = 0.97, p < 0.01). Overall, these results proved the effectiveness of the proposed method for measuring WL. On this basis, this study defined WL thresholds by integrating task accuracy with AWL calculations, providing a framework for the dynamic management of task allocation between humans and machines to maintain operators within optimal WL ranges. Full article