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Brazil is one of 30 high-tuberculosis (TB) burden countries identified by the WHO, making TB one of Brazil's greatest infectious disease challenges. Many people living in Brazil do not receive adequate TB care due to delayed diagnosis, ineffective treatment, or loss to follow-up. Identifying the most effective strategies to improve TB detection and treatment requires an awareness of the dynamics of patient care. In this issue, Sivaram Emani and colleagues use a care cascade model to simulate TB care in Brazil and estimate the lifetime health outcomes for people with TB disease and costs attributable to each gap in the care cascade.

Image Credit: Poswiecie, Pixabay

Research Articles

Short-term impacts of Universal Basic Income on population mental health inequalities in the UK: A microsimulation modelling study

Rachel M. Thomson, Daniel Kopasker, Patryk Bronka, Matteo Richiardi, Vladimir Khodygo, Andrew J. Baxter, Erik Igelström, Anna Pearce, Alastair H. Leyland, S. Vittal Katikireddi

PLOS Medicine: published March 4, 2024 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1004358

Antimicrobial resistance prevalence in bloodstream infection in 29 European countries by age and sex: An observational study

Naomi R. Waterlow, Ben S. Cooper, Julie V. Robotham, Gwenan Mary Knight

PLOS Medicine: published March 14, 2024 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1004301

Risk factors for prostate cancer: An umbrella review of prospective observational studies and mendelian randomization analyses

Huijie Cui, Wenqiang Zhang, Li Zhang, Yang Qu, Zhengxing Xu, Zhixin Tan, Peijing Yan, Mingshuang Tang, Chao Yang, Yutong Wang, Lin Chen, Chenghan Xiao, Yanqiu Zou, Yunjie Liu, Ling Zhang, Yanfang Yang, Yuqin Yao, Jiayuan Li, Zhenmi Liu, Chunxia Yang, Xia Jiang, Ben Zhang

PLOS Medicine: published March 15, 2024 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1004362

Long-term HIV care outcomes under universal HIV treatment guidelines: A retrospective cohort study in 25 countries

Ellen Brazier, Olga Tymejczyk, Kara Wools-Kaloustian, Awachana Jiamsakul, Marco Tulio Luque Torres, Jennifer S. Lee, Lisa Abuogi, Vohith Khol, Fernando Mejía Cordero, Keri N. Althoff, Matthew G. Law, Denis Nash, on behalf of the International epidemiology Databases to Evaluate AIDS (IeDEA)

PLOS Medicine: published March 18, 2024 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1004367

Socioeconomic position indicators and risk of alcohol-related medical conditions: A national cohort study from Sweden

Alexis C. Edwards, Sara Larsson Lönn, Karen G. Chartier, Séverine Lannoy, Jan Sundquist, Kenneth S. Kendler, Kristina Sundquist

PLOS Medicine: published March 19, 2024 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1004359

Safety and immunogenicity of a subtype C ALVAC-HIV (vCP2438) vaccine prime plus bivalent subtype C gp120 vaccine boost adjuvanted with MF59 or alum in healthy adults without HIV (HVTN 107): A phase 1/2a randomized trial

Zoe Moodie, Erica Andersen-Nissen, Nicole Grunenberg, One B. Dintwe, Faatima Laher Omar, Jia J. Kee, Linda-Gail Bekker, Fatima Laher, Nivashnee Naicker, Ilesh Jani, Nyaradzo M. Mgodi, Portia Hunidzarira, Modulakgota Sebe, Maurine D. Miner, Laura Polakowski, Shelly Ramirez, Michelle Nebergall, Simbarashe Takuva, Lerato Sikhosana, Jack Heptinstall, Kelly E. Seaton, Stephen De Rosa, Carlos A. Diazgranados, Marguerite Koutsoukos, Olivier Van Der Meeren, Susan W. Barnett, Niranjan Kanesa-thasan, James G. Kublin, Georgia D. Tomaras, M. Juliana McElrath, Lawrence Corey, Kathryn Mngadi, Paul Goepfert, on behalf of the HVTN 107 Protocol Team

PLOS Medicine: published March 19, 2024 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1004360

Quantifying gaps in the tuberculosis care cascade in Brazil: A mathematical model study using national program data

Sivaram Emani, Kleydson Alves, Layana Costa Alves, Daiane Alves da Silva, Patricia Bartholomay Oliveira, Marcia C. Castro, Ted Cohen, Rodrigo de Macedo Couto, Mauro Sanchez, Nicolas A. Menzies

PLOS Medicine: published March 21, 2024 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1004361

Incidence of oncogenic HPV infection in women with and without mental illness: A population-based cohort study in Sweden

Eva Herweijer, Kejia Hu, Jiangrong Wang, Donghao Lu, Pär Sparén, Hans-Olov Adami, Unnur Valdimarsdóttir, Karin Sundström, Fang Fang

PLOS Medicine: published March 25, 2024 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1004372

The effect of intravenous hyoscine butylbromide on slow progress in labor (BUSCLAB): A double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial

Lise Christine Gaudernack, Angeline Elisabeth Styve Einarsen, Ingvil Krarup Sørbye, Mirjam Lukasse, Nina Gunnes, Trond Melbye Michelsen

PLOS Medicine: published March 28, 2024 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1004352

Impact of the UK soft drinks industry levy on health and health inequalities in children and adolescents in England: An interrupted time series analysis and population health modelling study

Linda J. Cobiac, Nina T. Rogers, Jean Adams, Steven Cummins, Richard Smith, Oliver Mytton, Martin White, Peter Scarborough

PLOS Medicine: published March 28, 2024 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1004371

The bidirectional association between premenstrual disorders and perinatal depression: A nationwide register-based study from Sweden

Qian Yang, Emma Bränn, Elizabeth R. Bertone- Johnson, Arvid Sjölander, Fang Fang, Anna Sara Oberg, Unnur A. Valdimarsdóttir, Donghao Lu

PLOS Medicine: published March 28, 2024 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1004363

Corrections

Correction: Effectiveness of a monthly schedule of follow-up for the treatment of uncomplicated severe acute malnutrition in Sokoto, Nigeria: A cluster randomized crossover trial

Matt D. T. Hitchings, Fatou Berthé, Philip Aruna, Ibrahim Shehu, Muhammed Ali Hamza, Siméon Nanama, Chizoba Steve-Edemba, Rebecca F. Grais, Sheila Isanaka

PLOS Medicine: published March 20, 2024 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1004370

Correction: Clinical outcomes in a primary-level non-communicable disease programme for Syrian refugees and the host population in Jordan: A cohort analysis using routine data

Éimhín Ansbro, Tobias Homan, David Prieto Merino, Kiran Jobanputra, Jamil Qasem, Shoaib Muhammad, Taissir Fardous, Pablo Perel

PLOS Medicine: published March 22, 2024 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1004373

March 2024

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