BBC Russian

U. maydis is a basidiomycete dimorphic phytopathogen that grows as yeast-like cells on rich media cultures and is able to grow in a polarized manner under specific conditions such as charcoal-containing media or on the maize surface. This morphological transition is essential for its virulence capacity, as occurs in many other fungal pathogens. The general transcriptional repressor Tup1 is required for this process. The image shows a mixture of wild-type YFP labeled cells (yellow, filamentous) co-inoculated with a tup1 CFP mutant strain (cyan, yeast) on charcoal-containing media (see Elías-Villalobos et al., doi: 10.1371/journal. ppat.1002235).

Image Credit: Alberto Elías-Villalobos, Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC, Sevilla, Spain

Opinions

Rerouting of Host Lipids by Bacteria: Are You CERTain You Need a Vesicle?

Agathe Subtil

PLOS Pathogens: published September 1, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002208

The Next Opportunity in Anti-Malaria Drug Discovery: The Liver Stage

Emily R. Derbyshire, Maria M. Mota, Jon Clardy

PLOS Pathogens: published September 22, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002178

Pearls

Exploiting and Subverting Tor Signaling in the Pathogenesis of Fungi, Parasites, and Viruses

Cecelia A. Shertz, Maria E. Cardenas

PLOS Pathogens: published September 29, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002269

Review

Plague and Climate: Scales Matter

Tamara Ben Ari, Simon Neerinckx, Kenneth L. Gage, Katharina Kreppel, Anne Laudisoit, Herwig Leirs, Nils Chr. Stenseth

PLOS Pathogens: published September 15, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002160

Research Articles

Recurrent Signature Patterns in HIV-1 B Clade Envelope Glycoproteins Associated with either Early or Chronic Infections

S. Gnanakaran, Tanmoy Bhattacharya, Marcus Daniels, Brandon F. Keele, Peter T. Hraber, Alan S. Lapedes, Tongye Shen, Brian Gaschen, Mohan Krishnamoorthy, Hui Li, Julie M. Decker, Jesus F. Salazar-Gonzalez, Shuyi Wang, Chunlai Jiang, Feng Gao, Ronald Swanstrom, Jeffrey A. Anderson, Li-Hua Ping, Myron S. Cohen, Martin Markowitz, Paul A. Goepfert, Michael S. Saag, Joseph J. Eron, Charles B. Hicks, William A. Blattner, Georgia D. Tomaras, Mohammed Asmal, Norman L. Letvin, Peter B. Gilbert, Allan C. DeCamp, Craig A. Magaret, William R. Schief, Yih-En Andrew Ban, Ming Zhang, Kelly A. Soderberg, Joseph G. Sodroski, Barton F. Haynes, George M. Shaw, Beatrice H. Hahn, Bette Korber

PLOS Pathogens: published September 29, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002209

Quantitative in vivo Analyses Reveal Calcium-dependent Phosphorylation Sites and Identifies a Novel Component of the Toxoplasma Invasion Motor Complex

Thomas Nebl, Judith Helena Prieto, Eugene Kapp, Brian J. Smith, Melanie J. Williams, John R. Yates 3rd, Alan F. Cowman, Christopher J. Tonkin

PLOS Pathogens: published September 29, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002222

High-Resolution Phenotypic Profiling Defines Genes Essential for Mycobacterial Growth and Cholesterol Catabolism

Jennifer E. Griffin, Jeffrey D. Gawronski, Michael A. DeJesus, Thomas R. Ioerger, Brian J. Akerley, Christopher M. Sassetti

PLOS Pathogens: published September 29, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002251

The Human Papillomavirus E6 Oncogene Represses a Cell Adhesion Pathway and Disrupts Focal Adhesion through Degradation of TAp63β upon Transformation

Youcef Ben Khalifa, Sébastien Teissier, Meng-Kwang Marcus Tan, Quang Tien Phan, Mathieu Daynac, Wei Qi Wong, Françoise Thierry

PLOS Pathogens: published September 29, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002256

Monalysin, a Novel ß-Pore-Forming Toxin from the Drosophila Pathogen Pseudomonas entomophila, Contributes to Host Intestinal Damage and Lethality

Onya Opota, Isabelle Vallet-Gély, Renaud Vincentelli, Christine Kellenberger, Ioan Iacovache, Manuel Rodrigo Gonzalez, Alain Roussel, Françoise-Gisou van der Goot, Bruno Lemaitre

PLOS Pathogens: published September 29, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002259

A Novel Metal Transporter Mediating Manganese Export (MntX) Regulates the Mn to Fe Intracellular Ratio and Neisseria meningitidis Virulence

Frédéric J. Veyrier, Ivo G. Boneca, Mathieu F. Cellier, Muhamed-Kheir Taha

PLOS Pathogens: published September 29, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002261

Evaluating the Sensitivity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to Biotin Deprivation Using Regulated Gene Expression

Sae Woong Park, Marcus Klotzsche, Daniel J. Wilson, Helena I. Boshoff, Hyungjin Eoh, Ujjini Manjunatha, Antje Blumenthal, Kyu Rhee, Clifton E. Barry III, Courtney C. Aldrich, Sabine Ehrt, Dirk Schnappinger

PLOS Pathogens: published September 29, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002264

Tri6 Is a Global Transcription Regulator in the Phytopathogen Fusarium graminearum

Charles G. Nasmith, Sean Walkowiak, Li Wang, Winnie W. Y. Leung, Yunchen Gong, Anne Johnston, Linda J. Harris, David S. Guttman, Rajagopal Subramaniam

PLOS Pathogens: published September 29, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002266

Exhausted CD8 T Cells Downregulate the IL-18 Receptor and Become Unresponsive to Inflammatory Cytokines and Bacterial Co-infections

Jennifer T. Ingram, John S. Yi, Allan J. Zajac

PLOS Pathogens: published September 29, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002273

Strain Specific Resistance to Murine Scrapie Associated with a Naturally Occurring Human Prion Protein Polymorphism at Residue 171

James F. Striebel, Brent Race, Kimberly D. Meade-White, Rachel LaCasse, Bruce Chesebro

PLOS Pathogens: published September 29, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002275

Multidrug Resistant 2009 A/H1N1 Influenza Clinical Isolate with a Neuraminidase I223R Mutation Retains Its Virulence and Transmissibility in Ferrets

Erhard van der Vries, Edwin J. Veldhuis Kroeze, Koert J. Stittelaar, Martin Linster, Anne Van der Linden, Eefje J. A. Schrauwen, Lonneke M. Leijten, Geert van Amerongen, Martin Schutten, Thijs Kuiken, Albert D. M. E. Osterhaus, Ron A. M. Fouchier, Charles A. B. Boucher, Sander Herfst

PLOS Pathogens: published September 29, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002276

Structure of Herpes Simplex Virus Glycoprotein D Bound to the Human Receptor Nectin-1

Paolo Di Giovine, Ethan C. Settembre, Arjun K. Bhargava, Micah A. Luftig, Huan Lou, Gary H. Cohen, Roselyn J. Eisenberg, Claude Krummenacher, Andrea Carfi

PLOS Pathogens: published September 29, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002277

Rapid and Efficient Clearance of Blood-borne Virus by Liver Sinusoidal Endothelium

Latha P. Ganesan, Sudhasri Mohanty, Jonghan Kim, K. Reed Clark, John M. Robinson, Clark L. Anderson

PLOS Pathogens: published September 29, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002281

Targeting of a Chlamydial Protease Impedes Intracellular Bacterial Growth

Jan G. Christian, Julia Heymann, Stefan A. Paschen, Juliane Vier, Linda Schauenburg, Jan Rupp, Thomas F. Meyer, Georg Häcker, Dagmar Heuer

PLOS Pathogens: published September 29, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002283

APOBEC3A Is a Specific Inhibitor of the Early Phases of HIV-1 Infection in Myeloid Cells

Gregory Berger, Stéphanie Durand, Guillaume Fargier, Xuan-Nhi Nguyen, Stéphanie Cordeil, Serge Bouaziz, Delphine Muriaux, Jean-Luc Darlix, Andrea Cimarelli

PLOS Pathogens: published September 22, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002221

Structure of the Vesicular Stomatitis Virus N⁰-P Complex

Cédric Leyrat, Filip Yabukarski, Nicolas Tarbouriech, Euripedes A. Ribeiro Jr., Malene Ringkjøbing Jensen, Martin Blackledge, Rob W. H. Ruigrok, Marc Jamin

PLOS Pathogens: published September 22, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002248

Robust Antigen Specific Th17 T Cell Response to Group A Streptococcus Is Dependent on IL-6 and Intranasal Route of Infection

Thamotharampillai Dileepan, Jonathan L. Linehan, James J. Moon, Marion Pepper, Marc K. Jenkins, Patrick P. Cleary

PLOS Pathogens: published September 22, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002252

Secretion of Genome-Free Hepatitis B Virus – Single Strand Blocking Model for Virion Morphogenesis of Para-retrovirus

Xiaojun Ning, David Nguyen, Laura Mentzer, Christina Adams, Hyunwook Lee, Robert Ashley, Susan Hafenstein, Jianming Hu

PLOS Pathogens: published September 22, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002255

Development of a Transformation System for Chlamydia trachomatis: Restoration of Glycogen Biosynthesis by Acquisition of a Plasmid Shuttle Vector

Yibing Wang, Simona Kahane, Lesley T. Cutcliffe, Rachel J. Skilton, Paul R. Lambden, Ian N. Clarke

PLOS Pathogens: published September 22, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002258

Host Phylogeny Determines Viral Persistence and Replication in Novel Hosts

Ben Longdon, Jarrod D. Hadfield, Claire L. Webster, Darren J. Obbard, Francis M. Jiggins

PLOS Pathogens: published September 22, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002260

A Trigger Enzyme in Mycoplasma pneumoniae: Impact of the Glycerophosphodiesterase GlpQ on Virulence and Gene Expression

Sebastian R. Schmidl, Andreas Otto, Maria Lluch-Senar, Jaume Piñol, Julia Busse, Dörte Becher, Jörg Stülke

PLOS Pathogens: published September 22, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002263

Expression of the RAE-1 Family of Stimulatory NK-Cell Ligands Requires Activation of the PI3K Pathway during Viral Infection and Transformation

Maria Tokuyama, Clarisse Lorin, Frederic Delebecque, Heiyoun Jung, David H. Raulet, Laurent Coscoy

PLOS Pathogens: published September 22, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002265

Exposure to the Viral By-Product dsRNA or Coxsackievirus B5 Triggers Pancreatic Beta Cell Apoptosis via a Bim / Mcl-1 Imbalance

Maikel L. Colli, Tatiane C. Nogueira, Florent Allagnat, Daniel A. Cunha, Esteban N. Gurzov, Alessandra K. Cardozo, Merja Roivainen, Anne Op de beeck, Decio L. Eizirik

PLOS Pathogens: published September 22, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002267

Unconventional Repertoire Profile Is Imprinted during Acute Chikungunya Infection for Natural Killer Cells Polarization toward Cytotoxicity

Caroline Petitdemange, Pierre Becquart, Nadia Wauquier, Vivien Béziat, Patrice Debré, Eric M. Leroy, Vincent Vieillard

PLOS Pathogens: published September 22, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002268

A Salmonella Small Non-Coding RNA Facilitates Bacterial Invasion and Intracellular Replication by Modulating the Expression of Virulence Factors

Hao Gong, Gia-Phong Vu, Yong Bai, Elton Chan, Ruobin Wu, Edward Yang, Fenyong Liu, Sangwei Lu

PLOS Pathogens: published September 15, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002120

Complex Recombination Patterns Arising during Geminivirus Coinfections Preserve and Demarcate Biologically Important Intra-Genome Interaction Networks

Darren P. Martin, Pierre Lefeuvre, Arvind Varsani, Murielle Hoareau, Jean-Yves Semegni, Betty Dijoux, Claire Vincent, Bernard Reynaud, Jean-Michel Lett

PLOS Pathogens: published September 15, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002203

Non-Lytic, Actin-Based Exit of Intracellular Parasites from C. elegans Intestinal Cells

Kathleen A. Estes, Suzannah C. Szumowski, Emily R. Troemel

PLOS Pathogens: published September 15, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002227

A Viral Ubiquitin Ligase Has Substrate Preferential SUMO Targeted Ubiquitin Ligase Activity that Counteracts Intrinsic Antiviral Defence

Chris Boutell, Delphine Cuchet-Lourenço, Emilia Vanni, Anne Orr, Mandy Glass, Steven McFarlane, Roger D. Everett

PLOS Pathogens: published September 15, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002245

Analysis of Behavior and Trafficking of Dendritic Cells within the Brain during Toxoplasmic Encephalitis

Beena John, Brendon Ricart, Elia D. Tait Wojno, Tajie H. Harris, Louise M. Randall, David A. Christian, Beth Gregg, Daniel Manzoni De Almeida, Wolfgang Weninger, Daniel A. Hammer, Christopher A. Hunter

PLOS Pathogens: published September 15, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002246

HSV Infection Induces Production of ROS, which Potentiate Signaling from Pattern Recognition Receptors: Role for S-glutathionylation of TRAF3 and 6

Regina Gonzalez-Dosal, Kristy A. Horan, Stine H. Rahbek, Hidenori Ichijo, Zhijian J. Chen, John J. Mieyal, Rune Hartmann, Søren R. Paludan

PLOS Pathogens: published September 15, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002250

Step-Wise Loss of Bacterial Flagellar Torsion Confers Progressive Phagocytic Evasion

Rustin R. Lovewell, Ryan M. Collins, Julie L. Acker, George A. O'Toole, Matthew J. Wargo, Brent Berwin

PLOS Pathogens: published September 15, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002253

Nrf2, a PPARγ Alternative Pathway to Promote CD36 Expression on Inflammatory Macrophages: Implication for Malaria

David Olagnier, Rose-Anne Lavergne, Etienne Meunier, Lise Lefèvre, Christophe Dardenne, Agnès Aubouy, Françoise Benoit-Vical, Bernhard Ryffel, Agnès Coste, Antoine Berry, Bernard Pipy

PLOS Pathogens: published September 15, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002254

Phosphodiesterase-4 Inhibition Alters Gene Expression and Improves Isoniazid – Mediated Clearance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Rabbit Lungs

Selvakumar Subbian, Liana Tsenova, Paul O'Brien, Guibin Yang, Mi-Sun Koo, Blas Peixoto, Dorothy Fallows, Veronique Dartois, George Muller, Gilla Kaplan

PLOS Pathogens: published September 15, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002262

Disruption of TLR3 Signaling Due to Cleavage of TRIF by the Hepatitis A Virus Protease-Polymerase Processing Intermediate, 3CD

Lin Qu, Zongdi Feng, Daisuke Yamane, Yuqiong Liang, Robert E. Lanford, Kui Li, Stanley M. Lemon

PLOS Pathogens: published September 8, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002169

Discovery of the First Insect Nidovirus, a Missing Evolutionary Link in the Emergence of the Largest RNA Virus Genomes

Phan Thi Nga, Maria del Carmen Parquet, Chris Lauber, Manmohan Parida, Takeshi Nabeshima, Fuxun Yu, Nguyen Thanh Thuy, Shingo Inoue, Takashi Ito, Kenta Okamoto, Akitoyo Ichinose, Eric J. Snijder, Kouichi Morita, Alexander E. Gorbalenya

PLOS Pathogens: published September 8, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002215

Murine Gamma-herpesvirus Immortalization of Fetal Liver-Derived B Cells Requires both the Viral Cyclin D Homolog and Latency-Associated Nuclear Antigen

Xiaozhen Liang, Clinton R. Paden, Francine M. Morales, Ryan P. Powers, Joshy Jacob, Samuel H. Speck

PLOS Pathogens: published September 8, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002220

Structural and Functional Studies on the Interaction of GspC and GspD in the Type II Secretion System

Konstantin V. Korotkov, Tanya L. Johnson, Michael G. Jobling, Jonathan Pruneda, Els Pardon, Annie Héroux, Stewart Turley, Jan Steyaert, Randall K. Holmes, Maria Sandkvist, Wim G. J. Hol

PLOS Pathogens: published September 8, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002228

Restoration of IFNγR Subunit Assembly, IFNγ Signaling and Parasite Clearance in Leishmania donovani Infected Macrophages: Role of Membrane Cholesterol

Subha Sen, Koushik Roy, Sandip Mukherjee, Rupkatha Mukhopadhyay, Syamal Roy

PLOS Pathogens: published September 8, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002229

Old World Arenaviruses Enter the Host Cell via the Multivesicular Body and Depend on the Endosomal Sorting Complex Required for Transport

Giulia Pasqual, Jillian M. Rojek, Mark Masin, Jean-Yves Chatton, Stefan Kunz

PLOS Pathogens: published September 8, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002232

Maturation-Induced Cloaking of Neutralization Epitopes on HIV-1 Particles

Amanda S. Joyner, Jordan R. Willis, James E. Crowe Jr., Christopher Aiken

PLOS Pathogens: published September 8, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002234

Toxoplasma gondii Rhoptry Kinase ROP16 Activates STAT3 and STAT6 Resulting in Cytokine Inhibition and Arginase-1-Dependent Growth Control

Barbara A. Butcher, Barbara A. Fox, Leah M. Rommereim, Sung Guk Kim, Kirk J. Maurer, Felix Yarovinsky, De'Broski R. Herbert, David J. Bzik, Eric Y. Denkers

PLOS Pathogens: published September 8, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002236

Membrane Remodeling by the Double-Barrel Scaffolding Protein of Poxvirus

Jae-Kyung Hyun, Cathy Accurso, Marcel Hijnen, Philipp Schult, Anne Pettikiriarachchi, Alok K. Mitra, Fasséli Coulibaly

PLOS Pathogens: published September 8, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002239

Protease-Sensitive Conformers in Broad Spectrum of Distinct PrP^Sc Structures in Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Are Indicator of Progression Rate

Chae Kim, Tracy Haldiman, Yvonne Cohen, Wei Chen, Janis Blevins, Man-Sun Sy, Mark Cohen, Jiri G. Safar

PLOS Pathogens: published September 8, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002242

Vaccinia Virus Protein C6 Is a Virulence Factor that Binds TBK-1 Adaptor Proteins and Inhibits Activation of IRF3 and IRF7

Leonie Unterholzner, Rebecca P. Sumner, Marcin Baran, Hongwei Ren, Daniel S. Mansur, Nollaig M. Bourke, Felix Randow, Geoffrey L. Smith, Andrew G. Bowie

PLOS Pathogens: published September 8, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002247

Hsp90 Governs Dispersion and Drug Resistance of Fungal Biofilms

Nicole Robbins, Priya Uppuluri, Jeniel Nett, Ranjith Rajendran, Gordon Ramage, Jose L. Lopez-Ribot, David Andes, Leah E. Cowen

PLOS Pathogens: published September 8, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002257

The Trypanosoma cruzi Protease Cruzain Mediates Immune Evasion

Patricia S. Doyle, Yuan M. Zhou, Ivy Hsieh, Doron C. Greenbaum, James H. McKerrow, Juan C. Engel

PLOS Pathogens: published September 1, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002139

Genomic and Proteomic Analyses of the Fungus Arthrobotrys oligospora Provide Insights into Nematode-Trap Formation

Jinkui Yang, Lei Wang, Xinglai Ji, Yun Feng, Xiaomin Li, Chenggang Zou, Jianping Xu, Yan Ren, Qili Mi, Junli Wu, Shuqun Liu, Yu Liu, Xiaowei Huang, Haiyan Wang, Xuemei Niu, Juan Li, Lianming Liang, Yanlu Luo, Kaifang Ji, Wei Zhou, Zefen Yu, Guohong Li, Yajun Liu, Lei Li, Min Qiao, Lu Feng, Ke-Qin Zhang

PLOS Pathogens: published September 1, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002179

Influenza Virus Ribonucleoprotein Complexes Gain Preferential Access to Cellular Export Machinery through Chromatin Targeting

Geoffrey P. Chase, Marie-Anne Rameix-Welti, Aurelija Zvirbliene, Gintautas Zvirblis, Veronika Götz, Thorsten Wolff, Nadia Naffakh, Martin Schwemmle

PLOS Pathogens: published September 1, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002187

Alterations in the Aedes aegypti Transcriptome during Infection with West Nile, Dengue and Yellow Fever Viruses

Tonya M. Colpitts, Jonathan Cox, Dana L. Vanlandingham, Fabiana M. Feitosa, Gong Cheng, Sebastian Kurscheid, Penghua Wang, Manoj N. Krishnan, Stephen Higgs, Erol Fikrig

PLOS Pathogens: published September 1, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002189

Plasmodium Protease ROM1 Is Important for Proper Formation of the Parasitophorous Vacuole

Iset Medina Vera, Wandy L. Beatty, Photini Sinnis, Kami Kim

PLOS Pathogens: published September 1, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002197

Chlamydia trachomatis Co-opts GBF1 and CERT to Acquire Host Sphingomyelin for Distinct Roles during Intracellular Development

Cherilyn A. Elwell, Shaobo Jiang, Jung Hwa Kim, Albert Lee, Torsten Wittmann, Kentaro Hanada, Paul Melancon, Joanne N. Engel

PLOS Pathogens: published September 1, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002198

An EGF-like Protein Forms a Complex with PfRh5 and Is Required for Invasion of Human Erythrocytes by Plasmodium falciparum

Lin Chen, Sash Lopaticki, David T. Riglar, Chaitali Dekiwadia, Alex D. Uboldi, Wai-Hong Tham, Matthew T. O'Neill, Dave Richard, Jake Baum, Stuart A. Ralph, Alan F. Cowman

PLOS Pathogens: published September 1, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002199

Envelope Deglycosylation Enhances Antigenicity of HIV-1 gp41 Epitopes for Both Broad Neutralizing Antibodies and Their Unmutated Ancestor Antibodies

Ben-Jiang Ma, S. Munir Alam, Eden P. Go, Xiaozhi Lu, Heather Desaire, Georgia D. Tomaras, Cindy Bowman, Laura L. Sutherland, Richard M. Scearce, Sampa Santra, Norman L. Letvin, Thomas B. Kepler, Hua-Xin Liao, Barton F. Haynes

PLOS Pathogens: published September 1, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002200

The Motility of a Human Parasite, Toxoplasma gondii, Is Regulated by a Novel Lysine Methyltransferase

Aoife T. Heaslip, Manami Nishi, Barry Stein, Ke Hu

PLOS Pathogens: published September 1, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002201

A Diverse Population of Cryptococcus gattii Molecular Type VGIII in Southern Californian HIV/AIDS Patients

Edmond J. Byrnes III, Wenjun Li, Ping Ren, Yonathan Lewit, Kerstin Voelz, James A. Fraser, Fred S. Dietrich, Robin C. May, Sudha Chatuverdi, Vishnu Chatuverdi, Joseph Heitman

PLOS Pathogens: published September 1, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002205

Significant Effects of Antiretroviral Therapy on Global Gene Expression in Brain Tissues of Patients with HIV-1-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders

Alejandra Borjabad, Susan Morgello, Wei Chao, Seon-Young Kim, Andrew I. Brooks, Jacinta Murray, Mary Jane Potash, David J. Volsky

PLOS Pathogens: published September 1, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002213

Th2-polarised PrP-specific Transgenic T-cells Confer Partial Protection against Murine Scrapie

Saci Iken, Véronique Bachy, Pauline Gourdain, Annick Lim, Sylvie Grégoire, Thomas Chaigneau, Pierre Aucouturier, Claude Carnaud

PLOS Pathogens: published September 1, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002216

c-di-AMP Is a New Second Messenger in Staphylococcus aureus with a Role in Controlling Cell Size and Envelope Stress

Rebecca M. Corrigan, James C. Abbott, Heike Burhenne, Volkhard Kaever, Angelika Gründling

PLOS Pathogens: published September 1, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002217

The Fecal Viral Flora of Wild Rodents

Tung G. Phan, Beatrix Kapusinszky, Chunlin Wang, Robert K. Rose, Howard L. Lipton, Eric L. Delwart

PLOS Pathogens: published September 1, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002218

Genomic Insights into the Origin of Parasitism in the Emerging Plant Pathogen Bursaphelenchus xylophilus

Taisei Kikuchi, James A. Cotton, Jonathan J. Dalzell, Koichi Hasegawa, Natsumi Kanzaki, Paul McVeigh, Takuma Takanashi, Isheng J. Tsai, Samuel A. Assefa, Peter J. A. Cock, Thomas Dan Otto, Martin Hunt, Adam J. Reid, Alejandro Sanchez-Flores, Kazuko Tsuchihara, Toshiro Yokoi, Mattias C. Larsson, Johji Miwa, Aaron G. Maule, Norio Sahashi, John T. Jones, Matthew Berriman

PLOS Pathogens: published September 1, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002219

Hostile Takeover by Plasmodium: Reorganization of Parasite and Host Cell Membranes during Liver Stage Egress

Stefanie Graewe, Kathleen E. Rankin, Christine Lehmann, Christina Deschermeier, Leonie Hecht, Ulrike Froehlke, Rebecca R. Stanway, Volker Heussler

PLOS Pathogens: published September 1, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002224

Transmission Characteristics of the 2009 H1N1 Influenza Pandemic: Comparison of 8 Southern Hemisphere Countries

Lulla Opatowski, Christophe Fraser, Jamie Griffin, Eric de Silva, Maria D. Van Kerkhove, Emily J. Lyons, Simon Cauchemez, Neil M. Ferguson

PLOS Pathogens: published September 1, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002225

The Regulated Secretory Pathway in CD4⁺ T cells Contributes to Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type-1 Cell-to-Cell Spread at the Virological Synapse

Clare Jolly, Sonja Welsch, Stefanie Michor, Quentin J. Sattentau

PLOS Pathogens: published September 1, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002226

Interferon Regulatory Factor-1 (IRF-1) Shapes Both Innate and CD8⁺ T Cell Immune Responses against West Nile Virus Infection

James D. Brien, Stephane Daffis, Helen M. Lazear, Hyelim Cho, Mehul S. Suthar, Michael Gale Jr., Michael S. Diamond

PLOS Pathogens: published September 1, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002230

HTLV-1 Propels Thymic Human T Cell Development in “Human Immune System” Rag2^-/- gamma c^-/- Mice

Julien Villaudy, Mélanie Wencker, Nicolas Gadot, Nicolas A. Gillet, Jean-Yves Scoazec, Louis Gazzolo, Markus G. Manz, Charles R. M. Bangham, Madeleine Duc Dodon

PLOS Pathogens: published September 1, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002231

Impairment of Immunoproteasome Function by β5i/LMP7 Subunit Deficiency Results in Severe Enterovirus Myocarditis

Elisa Opitz, Annett Koch, Karin Klingel, Frank Schmidt, Stefan Prokop, Anna Rahnefeld, Martina Sauter, Frank L. Heppner, Uwe Völker, Reinhard Kandolf, Ulrike Kuckelkorn, Karl Stangl, Elke Krüger, Peter M. Kloetzel, Antje Voigt

PLOS Pathogens: published September 1, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002233

The General Transcriptional Repressor Tup1 Is Required for Dimorphism and Virulence in a Fungal Plant Pathogen

Alberto Elías-Villalobos, Alfonso Fernández-Álvarez, José I. Ibeas

PLOS Pathogens: published September 1, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002235

Helicobacter pylori Exploits a Unique Repertoire of Type IV Secretion System Components for Pilus Assembly at the Bacteria-Host Cell Interface

Carrie L. Shaffer, Jennifer A. Gaddy, John T. Loh, Elizabeth M. Johnson, Salisha Hill, Ewa E. Hennig, Mark S. McClain, W. Hayes McDonald, Timothy L. Cover

PLOS Pathogens: published September 1, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002237

Burkholderia cenocepacia BC2L-C Is a Super Lectin with Dual Specificity and Proinflammatory Activity

Ondřej Šulák, Gianluca Cioci, Emilie Lameignère, Viviane Balloy, Adam Round, Irina Gutsche, Lenka Malinovská, Michel Chignard, Paul Kosma, Daniel F. Aubert, Cristina L. Marolda, Miguel A. Valvano, Michaela Wimmerová, Anne Imberty

PLOS Pathogens: published September 1, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002238

Inhibition of Competence Development, Horizontal Gene Transfer and Virulence in Streptococcus pneumoniae by a Modified Competence Stimulating Peptide

Luchang Zhu, Gee W. Lau

PLOS Pathogens: published September 1, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002241

Sequential Bottlenecks Drive Viral Evolution in Early Acute Hepatitis C Virus Infection

Rowena A. Bull, Fabio Luciani, Kerensa McElroy, Silvana Gaudieri, Son T. Pham, Abha Chopra, Barbara Cameron, Lisa Maher, Gregory J. Dore, Peter A. White, Andrew R. Lloyd

PLOS Pathogens: published September 1, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002243

September 2011

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Yeast and filamentous forms of the maize pathogen Ustilago maydis.

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**Yeast and filamentous forms of the maize pathogen Ustilago maydis.**