Voters could be asked at the next federal election whether they believe Australia should become a republic, under draft laws introduced into parliament.
Greens Leader Bob Brown has introduced the Plebiscite for an Australian Republic Bill 2008 into the upper house.
If passed, the bill would allow for a plebiscite or advisory referendum to determine the will of the people.
"The bill sets out one simple question: Do you support Australia becoming a republic? It requires a simple yes or no response," Senator Brown said in his speech to accompany the bill.
The vote would not actually change the constitution.
"If there is not majority support for a republic, the question is decided clearly and without confusion," Senator Brown said.
"If the majority supports Australia becoming a republic, the specific details of the most suitable model to adopt can then be worked out in a context of that certainty."
Senator Brown said he hoped Prime Minister Kevin Rudd and Opposition Leader Malcolm Turnbull would both support the bill.