Resources

Bibliography: Root Causes of Terrorism

Compiled and Selected by Judith Tinnes

[Bibliographic Series of Perspectives on Terrorism - BSPT-JT-2017-4]

Abstract

This bibliography contains journal articles, book chapters, books, edited volumes, theses, grey literature, bibliographies and other resources on root causes of terrorism (i.e., the spectrum of factors which trigger, catalyse, or sustain terrorist activities by individuals or groups). Although focusing on recent literature, the bibliography is not restricted to a particular time period and covers publications up to July 2017. The literature was retrieved by manually browsing more than 200 core and periphery sources in the field of Terrorism Studies. Additionally, full-text and reference retrieval systems were employed to expand the search.

Keywords: bibliography, resources, literature, root causes of terrorism, roots, reasons, factors, motivations, drivers, catalysts, breeding grounds, radicalisation processes

NB: All websites were last visited on 23.07.2017. - See also: Note for the Reader at the end of this literature list.

Bibliographies and other Resources

Bott, Catherine et al. (2006, December): Radicalization: An Overview and Annotated Bibliography of Open-Source Literature. (Homeland Security Institute; Final Report). URL: http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?Location=U2&doc=GetTRDoc.pdf&AD=ADA497263

Duncan, Gillian; Schmid, Alex P. (2011): Bibliography of Terrorism: The Aetiology of Terrorism. In: Alex P. Schmid (Ed.): The Routledge Handbook of Terrorism Research. (Routledge Handbooks). Abingdon: Routledge, 530-534.

German Institute on Radicalization and De-radicalization Studies (GIRDS) (2014-): URL: http://girds.org

Hofmann, David C. (2012, December): Review Essay: Twenty Important Journal Articles on Radicalisation to, and De-Radicalisation from, Terrorism. Perspectives on Terrorism, 6(6), 104-113. URL: http://www.terrorismanalysts.com/pt/index.php/pot/article/view/234

Hofmann, David C.; Schmid, Alex P. (2012, December): Selected Literature on (i) Radicalization and Recruitment, (ii) De-Radicalization and Dis-Engagement, and (iii) Counter-Radicalization and Countering Violent Extremism. Perspectives on Terrorism, 6(6), 114-143. URL: http://www.terrorismanalysts.com/pt/index.php/pot/article/view/235

International Centre for the Study of Radicalisation and Political Violence (ICSR) (2008, January-): URL: http://icsr.info

Price, Eric; Schmid, Alex P. (2010, May): Selected Literature on Radicalization and De-Radicalization from Terrorism: Monographs, Edited Volumes, Grey Literature and Prime Articles Published since 1970. Perspectives on Terrorism, 4(2), 58-76. URL: http://www.terrorismanalysts.com/pt/index.php/pot/article/view/102

Schmid, Alex P.; Price, Eric (2011, May): Selected Literature on Radicalization and De-Radicalization of Terrorists: Monographs, Edited Volumes, Grey Literature and Prime Articles Published since the 1960s. Crime, Law and Social Change, 55(4), 337-348. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10611-011-9287-4 URL: http://www.ssoar.info/ssoar/handle/document/28667

Tinnes, Judith (2015, December): Bibliography: Homegrown Terrorism and Radicalisation. Perspectives on Terrorism, 9(6), 119-153. URL: http://www.terrorismanalysts.com/pt/index.php/pot/article/view/476

Tinnes, Judith (2016, December): Bibliography: Islamist Terrorism in Europe. Perspectives on Terrorism, 10(6), 171-206. URL: http://www.terrorismanalysts.com/pt/index.php/pot/article/view/567

Books and Edited Volumes

Atran, Scott (2010): Talking to the Enemy: Faith, Brotherhood, and the (Un)Making of Terrorists. New York: Ecco Press.

Atran, Scott (2010): Talking to the Enemy: Violent Extremism, Sacred Values, and what it Means to be Human. London: Penguin Books.

Azinović, Vlado (Ed.) (2017, May): Between Salvation and Terror: Radicalization and the Foreign Fighter Phenomenon in the Western Balkans. [E-Book]. Sarajevo: Atlantic Initiative. URL: http://www.atlanticinitiative.org/project-activities-nato-debates/513-terror.html

Betts, Richard K. (2016): Conflict after the Cold War: Arguments on Causes of War and Peace. (4th ed.). Abingdon: Routledge.

Bjørgo, Tore (Ed.) (2005): Root Causes of Terrorism: Myths, Reality and Ways forward. Abingdon: Routledge.

Bloom, Mia (2005). Dying to Kill: The Allure of Suicide Terror. New York: Columbia University Press.

Botha, Anneli (2017): Terrorism in Kenya and Uganda: Radicalization from a Political Socialization Perspective. Lanham: Lexington Books.

Bozarslan, Hamit (2004): Violence in the Middle East: From Political Struggle to Self-Sacrifice. Princeton: Markus Wiener Publishers.

Brown, Michael E. et al. (2010): Contending with Terrorism: Roots, Strategies, and Responses. (International Security Readers). Cambridge: The MIT Press.

Cloninger, Susan C.; Leibo, Steven A.; with the assistance of Mohammad Amjad (Eds.) (2017): Understanding Angry Groups: Multidisciplinary Perspectives on their Motivations and Effects on Society. (Praeger Security International). Santa Barbara: Praeger.

Coolsaet, Rik (2005): Al-Qaeda, the Myth: The Root Causes of International Terrorism and how to Tackle them. (Erika Peeters, Trans.). Gent: Academia Press.

Crenshaw, Martha (2011): Explaining Terrorism: Causes, Processes and Consequences. (Political Violence). Abingdon: Routledge.

Deardorff, Brad (2013): The Roots of our Children’s War: Identity and the War on Terrorism. Williams: Agile Press.

Dingley, James (2010): Terrorism and the Politics of Social Change: A Durkheimian Analysis. Farnham: Ashgate.

Dornschneider, Stephanie (2015): Whether to Kill: The Cognitive Maps of Violent and Nonviolent Individuals. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.

Espejo, Roman (2010): What Motivates Suicide Bombers? Farmington Hills: Greenhaven Press.

Forest, James J. F. (Ed.) (2006): The Making of a Terrorist: Recruitment, Training, and Root Causes. (3 Vols.). Westport: Praeger Security International.

Franks, Jason (2006): Rethinking the Roots of Terrorism. (Rethinking Peace and Conflict Studies). Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.

Gambetta, Diego; Hertog, Steffen (2016): Engineers of Jihad: The Curious Connection between Violent Extremism and Education. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

Ganor, Boaz (2015): Global Alert: The Rationality of Modern Islamist Terrorism and the Challenge to the Liberal Democratic World. (Columbia Studies in Terrorism and Irregular Warfare). New York: Columbia University Press.

Gerges, Fawaz A. (2009): The Far Enemy: Why Jihad Went Global. (New Ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Goerzig, Carolin; Al-Hashimi, Khaled (2015): Radicalization in Western Europe: Integration, Public Discourse, and Loss of Identity among Muslim Communities. (Contemporary Terrorism Studies). Abingdon: Routledge

Griffin, Roger (2012): Terrorist’s Creed: Fanatical Violence and the Human Need for Meaning. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.

Gurr, Ted Robert (2015): Political Rebellion: Causes, Outcomes and Alternatives. Abingdon: Routledge.

Hafez, Mohammed M. (2003): Why Muslims Rebel: Repression and Resistance in the Islamic World. Boulder: Lynne Rienner.

Halliday, Fred (2002): Two Hours that Shook the World: September 11, 2001: Causes and Consequences. London: Saqi Books.

Hamid, Tawfik (2015): Inside Jihad: How Radical Islam Works, why it should Terrify us, how to Defeat it. Mountain Lake Park: Mountain Lake Press.

Hamm, Mark S. (2013): The Spectacular Few: Prisoner Radicalization and the Evolving Terrorist Threat. (Alternative Criminology). New York: New York University Press.

Hardyns, Wim; Bruggeman, Willy (Eds.) (2016): Radicalisering en terrorisme: Van theorie naar praktijk. (Reeks Veiligheidsstudies, No. 15). Antwerpen-Apeldoorn: Maklu.

Hegghammer, Thomas (Ed.) (2017): Jihadi Culture: The Art and Social Practices of Militant Islamists. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781139086141

Horgan, John (2014): The Psychology of Terrorism. (Revised & updated 2nd ed.). (Political Violence). Abingdon: Routledge.

Howard, Tiffiany (2016): Failed States and the Origins of Violence: A Comparative Analysis of State Failure as a Root Cause of Terrorism and Political Violence. Abingdon: Routledge. (Original work published 2014).

Hummel, Klaus; Logvinov, Michail (Eds.) (2014): Gefährliche Nähe: Salafismus und Dschihadismus in Deutschland. Stuttgart: ibidem.

Husain, Ed (2007): The Islamist: Why I Joined Radical Islam in Britain, what I Saw Inside and why I Left. London: Penguin Books.

Inge, Anabel (2017): The Making of a Salafi Muslim Woman: Paths to Conversion. New York: Oxford University Press.

Iqbal, Khuram (2015): The Making of Pakistani Human Bombs. Lanham: Lexington Books.

Karnavian, Muhammad Tito (2015): Explaining Islamist Insurgencies: The Case of al-Jamaah al-Islamiyyah and the Radicalisation of the Poso Conflict, 2000-2007. (ICP Insurgency & Terrorism Series, Vol. 3). London: Imperial College Press.

Khan, Nichola (2010): Mohajir Militancy in Pakistan: Violence and Transformation in the Karachi Conflict. (Routledge Contemporary South Asia, Vol. 29). Abingdon: Routledge.

Kippenberg, Hans G.; Seidensticker, Tilman (Eds.) (2006): The 9/11 Handbook: Annotated Translation and Interpretation of the Attackers’ Spiritual Manual. Oakville: Equinox.

Koomen, Willem; Van Der Pligt, Joop (2016): The Psychology of Radicalization and Terrorism. Abingdon: Routledge.

Kowalski, Jeremy (2016): Domestic Extremism and the Case of the Toronto 18. New York: Palgrave Macmillan / Springer Nature. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-94960-1

Krueger, Alan B. (2007): What Makes a Terrorist: Economics and the Roots of Terrorism. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

Kumar, Updesh; Mandal, Manas K. (Eds.) (2012): Countering Terrorism: Psychosocial Strategies. New Delhi: SAGE.

Kumar, Updesh; Mandal, Manas K. (Eds.) (2014): Understanding Suicide Terrorism: Psychosocial Dynamics. New Delhi: SAGE.

Lankford, Adam (2013): The Myth of Martyrdom: What Really Drives Suicide Bombers, Rampage Shooters, and other Self-Destructive Killers. New York: St. Martin’s Press.

LoCicero, Alice (2014): Why “Good Kids” Turn into Deadly Terrorists: Deconstructing the Accused Boston Marathon Bombers and Others Like Them. Santa Barbara: Praeger.

Mamdani, Mahmood (2005): Good Muslim, Bad Muslim: America, the Cold War, and the Roots of Terror. New York: Three Leaves Press.

Masaeli, Mahmoud; Sneller, Rico (Eds.) (2017): The Root Causes of Terrorism: A Religious Studies Perspective. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing.

McCauley, Clark; Moskalenko, Sophia (2011): Friction: How Radicalization Happens to them and us. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Midlarsky, Manus I. (2011): Origins of Political Extremism: Mass Violence in the Twentieth Century and beyond. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Mishra, Pankaj (2017): Age of Anger: A History of the Present. London: Farrar Straus & Giroux.

Moghadam, Assaf (2006): The Roots of Terrorism. (The Roots of Terrorism). New York: Chelsea House.

Moghadam, Assaf (Ed.) (2012): Militancy and Political Violence in Shiism: Trends and Patterns. (Political Violence). Abingdon: Routledge.

Moghaddam, Fathali M. (2006): From the Terrorists’ Point of View: What they Experience and why they Come to Destroy. Westport: Praeger Security International.

Moghaddam, Fathali M. (2008): How Globalization Spurs Terrorism: The Lopsided Benefits of “One World” and why that Fuels Violence. Westport: Praeger Security International.

Mohamedou, Mohammad-Mahmoud Ould (2007): Understanding Al Qaeda: The Transformation of War. London: Pluto Press.

Moran, John P. (2009): The Solution of the Fist: Dostoevsky and the Roots of Modern Terrorism. Lanham: Lexington Books.

Moussaoui, Abd Samad; with Florence Bouquillat (2003): Zacarias, my Brother: The Making of a Terrorist. (Simon Pleasance; Fronza Woods, Trans.). New York: Seven Stories Press.

Mullins, Sam (2015): “Home-Grown” Jihad: Understanding Islamist Terrorism in the US and UK. London: Imperial College Press.

Murphy, Eamon (2013): The Making of Terrorism in Pakistan: Historical and Social Roots of Extremism. (Routledge Critical Terrorism Studies). Abingdon: Routledge.

Nawaz, Maajid (2012): Radical: My Journey from Islamist Extremism to a Democratic Awakening. London: WH Allen.

Neumann, Peter R. (Ed.) (2015): Radicalization. (4 Vols.). (Critical Concepts in Military, Strategic, and Security Studies). Abingdon: Routledge.

Neumann, Peter R. (2016): Radicalized: New Jihadists and the Threat to the West. (Alexander Starritt, Trans.). London: I.B. Tauris.

Olsson, Peter A. (2014): The Making of a Homegrown Terrorist: Brainwashing Rebels in Search of a Cause. Santa Barbara: Praeger.

Palmer, Monte; Palmer, Princess (2008): Islamic Extremism: Causes, Diversity, and Challenges. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield.

Pargeter, Alison (2008): The New Frontiers of Jihad: Radical Islam in Europe. London: I.B. Tauris.

Pedahzur, Ami (Ed.) (2006): Root Causes of Suicide Terrorism: The Globalization of Martyrdom. (Political Violence). Abingdon: Routledge.

Perliger, Arie (2006): Middle Eastern Terrorism. (The Roots of Terrorism). New York: Chelsea House.

Pick, Thomas M.; Speckhard, Anne; Jacuch, Beatrice (Eds.) (2009): Home-Grown Terrorism: Understanding and Addressing the Root Causes of Radicalisation among Groups with an Immigrant Heritage in Europe. (NATO Science for Peace and Security Series – E: Human and Societal Dynamics, Vol. 60). Amsterdam: IOS Press.

Pisoiu, Daniela (2012): Islamist Radicalisation in Europe: An Occupational Change Process. (Political Violence). Abingdon: Routledge.

Price, Daniel E. (2012): Sacred Terror: How Faith Becomes Lethal. Santa Barbara: Praeger.

Price, Deborah M.; Morris, Joshua W. (Eds.). (2011): Understanding and Responding to Causes of Violent Extremism. Hauppauge: Nova Science Publishers.

Ramakrishna, Kumar K. (2009): Radical Pathways: Understanding Muslim Radicalization in Indonesia. Westport: Praeger Security International.

Randal, Jonathan (2012): Osama: The Making of a Terrorist. (Rev. ed.). London: I.B. Tauris.

Ranstorp, Magnus (Ed.) (2010): Understanding Violent Radicalisation: Terrorist and Jihadist Movements in Europe. (Political Violence). Abingdon: Routledge.

Ray, Ellen; Schaap, William H. (Eds.) (2003): Covert Action: The Roots of Terrorism. Melbourne: Ocean Press.

Reinares, Fernando (2016): Al-Qaeda’s Revenge: The 2004 Madrid Train Bombings. Washington, DC: Woodrow Wilson Center Press.

Richardson, Louise (Ed.) (2006): The Roots of Terrorism. (The Club de Madrid series on Democracy and Terrorism, Vol. 1). New York: Routledge.

Richardson, Louise (2006): What Terrorists Want: Understanding the Enemy, Containing the Threat. New York: Random House.

Rinehart, Christine Sixta (2013): Volatile Social Movements and the Origins of Terrorism: The Radicalization of Change. Lanham: Lexington Books.

Sageman, Marc (2004): Understanding Terror Networks. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.

Sageman, Marc (2017): Turning to Political Violence. The Emergence of Terrorism. Philadelphia: Pennsylvania Press.

Shamaileh, Ammar (2017): Trust and Terror: Social Capital and the Use of Terrorism as a Tool of Resistance. (Conceptualising Comparative Politics). Abingdon: Routledge.

Sieckelinck, Stijn; de Winter, Micha (Eds.) (2015, October): Formers & Families: Transitional Journeys in and out of Extremisms in the United Kingdom, Denmark and The Netherlands. (Report). The Hague: National Coordinator for Security and Counterterrorism (NCTV). URL: https://www.nctv.nl/binaries/end-report-formers-and-families_tcm31-30167.pdf

Solahudin (2013): The Roots of Terrorism in Indonesia: From Darul Islam to Jema’ah Islamiyah. (Dave McRae, Trans.). Sydney: UNSW Press.

Speckhard, Anne (2015): Bride of ISIS: One Young Woman’s Path into Homegrown Terrorism. McLean: Advances Press.

Steinberg, Guido; Weber, Annette (Eds.) (2015, June): Jihadism in Africa: Local Causes, Regional Expansion, International Alliances. (SWP Research Paper 2015/RP 05). Berlin: Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik. URL: https://www.swp-berlin.org/en/publication/jihadism-in-africa

Stevens, Anthony (2004): The Roots of War and Terror. London: Continuum.

Turner, John A. (2014): Religious Ideology and the Roots of the Global Jihad: Salafi Jihadism and International Order. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.

Underwood, Lori J. (Ed.) (2013): The Root of all Evil? Religious Perspectives on Terrorism. (Terrorism Studies, Vol. 3). New York: Peter Lang.

Varvelli, Arturo (Ed.) (2016): Jihadist Hotbeds: Understanding Local Radicalization Processes. [e-Book]. Milan; Brussels: Italian Institute for International Political Studies (ISPI); European Foundation for Democracy (EFD). DOI: https://doi.org/10.19201/ispijihadisthotbeds

Verkaik, Robert (2016): Jihadi John: The Making of a Terrorist. London: Oneworld.

Vertigans, Stephen (2011): The Sociology of Terrorism: People, Places and Processes. Abingdon: Routledge.

Victoroff, Jeff (Ed.) (2006): Tangled Roots: Social and Psychological Factors in the Genesis of Terrorism. (NATO Security through Science Series – E: Human and Societal Dynamics, Vol. 11). Amsterdam: IOS Press.

Waldmann, Peter (2009): Radikalisierung in der Diaspora: Wie Islamisten im Westen zu Terroristen werden. Hamburg: Murmann.

Wright, Lawrence (2016): The Terror Years: From al-Qaeda to the Islamic State. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.

Zafirovski, Milan; Rodeheaver, Daniel G. (2013): Modernity and Terrorism: From Anti-Modernity to Modern Global Terror. (Studies in Critical Social Sciences, Vol. 52). Leiden: Brill.

Zwitter, Andrej (2011): Human Security, Law and the Prevention of Terrorism. (Routledge Advances in International Relations and Global Politics, Vol. 88). Abingdon: Routledge.

Theses

Adkins, Michael Jessee (2007, Fall): Suicidal Terrorism: A Dying Strategy. (Master’s Thesis, The Graduate College of Marshall University, Huntington, United States). URL: http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh/handle/123456789/8641

Ashenafi, Fisseha Zeleke (2014, June): Al-Qaeda versus the War on Terror: A Study on Psychological and Economic Causal Factors. (Master’s Thesis, Addis Abeba University, Addis Abeba, Ethiopia). URL: http://etd.aau.edu.et/handle/123456789/5911

Ashie, Lawrencia (2015, August): An Analysis of Globalization as a Catalyst for International Terrorism. (Master’s Thesis, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana). URL: http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh/handle/123456789/8641

Berkebile, Richard E. (2012, December): Causes of Domestic Terrorism: 1970-2010. (Doctoral Thesis, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, United States). URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10355/16521

Bolsinger, Diana Ingeborg (2016, May): Chasing Utopia: How the Arab Spring Gave us Today’s Islamic State. (Master’s Thesis, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, United States). DOI: https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.1.1186.2649

Cone, Heather Ann (2016, November): Differential Reinforcement in the Online Radicalization of Western Muslim Women Converts. (Doctoral Thesis, Walden University, Minneapolis, United States). URL: http://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/2962

Cusano, Christopher (2010, Summer Term): Understanding Terrorism: Religious and Political Dimensions. (Master’s Thesis, University of Central Florida, Orlando, United States). URL: http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/CFE0003373

David, James Ojochenemi (2013, November): The Root Causes of Terrorism: An Appraisal of the Socio-Economic Determinants of Boko Haram Terrorism in Nigeria. (Master’s Thesis, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa). URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10413/10628

Delphin, Andreas (2016, May): Holy Warriors of the Caliphate: Stroke of Illogical Fanatism or Religious Nationalism? (Master’s Thesis, Linnaeus University, Växjö/Kalmar, Sweden). URL: http://lnu.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2%3A933399&dswid=-1166

Dews, David (2016, Spring): Identity and Islamist Radicalisation: The Foreign Fighters of Europe. (Master’s Thesis, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden). URL: http://uu.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2%3A930113&dswid=-2327

Ducol, Benjamin (2015): Devenir jihadiste à l’ère numérique: Une approche processuelle et situationnelle de l’engagement jihadiste au regard du Web. (Doctoral Thesis, Université Laval, Québec, Canada). URL: http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2015/31398

Eggers, Bruce Andrew (2011, Spring): Addressing the Cause: An Analysis of Suicide Terrorism. (Master’s Thesis, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, United States). URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/47266

Ekici, Sıddık (2009, December): Needs and Membership in Terrorist Organizations. (Doctoral Thesis, University of North Texas, Denton, United States). URL: https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc12070

Franks, Jason (2004, September): Rethinking the Roots of Terrorism: Through the Doors of Perception. (Doctoral Thesis, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom). URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10023/3726

Frisk, Daniel (2014, May): Poor Choices: An Empirical Study of Terrorism in Europe during the Economic Crisis. (Master’s Thesis, Swedish National Defence College, Stockholm, Sweden). URL: http://fhs.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2%3A732785&dswid=6474

Gregg, Heather Selma (2004, February): The Causes of Religious Wars: Holy Nations, Sacred Spaces, and Religious Revolutions. (Doctoral Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, United States). URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/16639

Hendrickson, Jennifer S. (2014, August): Counter-Radicalization: Combating Terrorism at the Core: A Study of the Motivations and Inspirational Leaders behind Radicalization to Violent Extremism and the Programs Designed to Combat them. (Master’s Thesis, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, United States). URL: http://jhir.library.jhu.edu/handle/1774.2/38096

Jakob, Jana (2016, October): Terror’s Motor: How Shame and Humiliation Turn the Spiral of Violence. (Master’s Thesis, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden). URL: http://www.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2%3A1049882&dswid=1062#sthash.A5CI5Jmg.dpbs

King, Michael (2007, December): Justice and Identity: Psychological Motives for Terrorism. (Master’s Thesis, McGill University, Montréal, Canada). URL: http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/-?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=112400&silo_library=GEN01

Lakhani, Suraj (2013): Radicalisation as a Moral Career: A Qualitative Study of how People Become Terrorists in the United Kingdom. (Doctoral Thesis, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom). URL: http://orca.cf.ac.uk/id/eprint/59779

Langemeijer, H. A. H. (2016, August): “Don’t Hear about us, Hear from us”: The Role of ISIS’ Online Magazine Dabiq in Shaping Foreign Fighter Motivations. (Master’s Thesis, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands). URL: http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/338208

Martinez, Magdalena (2016, December): Loss of Identity, Radicalization, and Terrorism: Case Studies in France and Belgium. (Master’s Thesis, University of San Francisco, San Francisco, United States). URL: http://repository.usfca.edu/thes/195

Musselwhite, Matthew Henry (2016, May): ISIS & Eschatology: Apocalyptic Motivations behind the Formation and Development of the Islamic State. (Master’s Thesis, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, United States). URL: http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1611

Pooley, Elizabeth (2015, May): A New Sisterhood: The Allure of ISIS in Syria for Young Muslim Women in the UK. (Master’s Thesis, Arizona State University, Tempe, United States). URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.A.150544

Schuurman, Bart (2017, January): Becoming a European Homegrown Jihadist: A Multilevel Analysis of Involvement in the Dutch Hofstadgroup, 2002-2005. (Doctoral Thesis, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands). URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1887/45328

Smith, Una (2011): Globalisation and the Spread of Terrorism in Northern and Sub-Saharan Africa: Causes and Consequences. (Master’s Thesis, Massey University, Раlmеrstоn Nоrth, New Zealand). URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10179/4243

Stormoen, Ole Martin (2016, April): Global Jihad Explained? A Critical Review of the Post-9/11 Literature on the Causes of Global Jihadi Terrorism. (Master’s Thesis, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway). URL: http://urn.nb.no/URN:NBN:no-54530

Taylor, Jared Daniel (2012, May): Twenty First Century Terrorism: Comparative Analysis of the Internal and External Root Causes of Terrorism: Understanding al-Qaeda. (Master’s Thesis, Central Connecticut State University, New Britain, United States). URL: http://content.library.ccsu.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ccsutheses/id/1798

Waldeck, Annika (2015, June): The Ideology of ISIS – A Motivation for Europeans to Become Foreign Fighters? (Master’s Thesis, Roskilde Universitet, Roskilde, Denmark). URL: http://rudar.ruc.dk/handle/1800/23885

Yayla, Ahmet S. (2005, August): Terrorism as a Social Information Entity: A Model for Early Intervention. (Doctoral Thesis, University of North Texas, Denton, United States). URL: https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4800 URL: http://www.academia.edu/20037006/TERRORISM_AS_A_SOCIAL_INFORMATION_ENTITY_A_MODEL_FOR_EARLY_INTERVENTION

Journal Articles and Book Chapters

Abbas, Tahir (2017, June): Ethnicity and Politics in Contextualising Far Right and Islamist Extremism. Perspectives on Terrorism, 11(3), 54-61. URL: http://www.terrorismanalysts.com/pt/index.php/pot/article/view/608

Abrahms, Max (2008, Spring): What Terrorists Really Want: Terrorist Motives and Counterterrorism Strategy. International Security, 32(4), 78-105. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1162/isec.2008.32.4.78 URL: https://fsi.stanford.edu/sites/default/files/Abrahms_What_Terrorists_Really_Want.pdf

Adamczyk, Amy; Freilich, Joshua D.; Kim, Chunrye (2017, Summer): Religion and Crime: A Systematic Review and Assessment of Next Steps. Sociology of Religion, 78(2), 192-232. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/socrel/srx012

Agbiboa, Daniel Egiegba (2013, Spring): Why Boko Haram Exists: The Relative Deprivation Perspective. African Conflict and Peacebuilding Review, 3(1), 144-157. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2979/africonfpeacrevi.3.1.144

Ahmed, Kawser (2016, Spring): Radicalism Leading to Violent Extremism in Canada: A Multi-Level Analysis of Muslim Community and University Based Student Leaders’ Perceptions and Experiences. Journal for Deradicalization, 6, 231-271. URL: http://journals.sfu.ca/jd/index.php/jd/article/view/49

Akhmat, Ghulam et al. (2014, November): Exploring the Root Causes of Terrorism in South Asia: Everybody should be Concerned. Quality & Quantity, 48(6), 3065-3079. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-013-9941-2

Alderdice, John, Lord (2014): Group Identity and the Roots of Terrorism. In: Colin Murray Parkes (Ed.): Responses to Terrorism: Can Psychosocial Approaches Break the Cycle of Violence? Hove: Routledge, 42-55.

Alonso, Rogelio (2006): Individual Motivations for Joining Terrorist Organizations: A Comparative Qualitative Study on Members of ETA and IRA. In: Jeff Victoroff (Ed.): Tangled Roots: Social and Psychological Factors in the Genesis of Terrorism. (NATO Security through Science Series – E: Human and Societal Dynamics, Vol. 11). Amsterdam: IOS Press, 187-202.

Al Raffie, Dina (2016): Terrorist Motivations. In: James K. Wither; Sam Mullins (Eds.): Combating Transnational Terrorism, n.p. Sofia: Procon.

Alschuler, Lawrence (2014, February): The Life Cycle of a British Islamist: A Jungian Perspective. Journal of Social and Political Psychology, 2(1), 31-42. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5964/jspp.v2i1.272

Aly, Anne (2017): Brothers, Believers, Brave Mujahideen: Focusing Attention on the Audience of Violent Jihadist Preachers. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, 40(1), 62-76. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1057610X.2016.1157407

Asal, Victor; Phillips, Brian J. (2015, November): What Explains Ethnic Organizational Violence? Evidence from Eastern Europe and Russia. Conflict Management and Peace Science. Advance Online Publication. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0738894215614504 URL: https://0fc35707-a-62cb3a1a-s-sites.googlegroups.com/site/brianjphillips/asalphillips2016cmps.pdf

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Atran, Scott (2008, March): Who Becomes a Terrorist Today? Perspectives on Terrorism, 2(5), 3-10. URL: http://www.terrorismanalysts.com/pt/index.php/pot/article/view/35

Atran, Scott (2016, June): The Devoted Actor: Unconditional Commitment and Intractable Conflict across Cultures. Current Anthropology, 57(Suppl. 13), S192-S203. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/685495

Atran, Scott et al. (2014, August): [Open Peer Commentaries on the paper “Précis of The Myth of Martyrdom: What Really Drives Suicide Bombers, Rampage Shooters, and other Self-Destructive Killers” by Adam Lankford]. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 37(4), 362-380. URL: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/behavioral-and-brain-sciences/issue/E1E992159A60720C0B28C1AA80A1EFB0

Awan, Akil N. (2008, January): Antecedents of Islamic Political Radicalism among Muslim Communities in Europe. PS: Political Science & Politics, 41(1), 13-17. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1049096508080013

Awan, Imran (2017): Religion, Identity and Radicalisation: The Experiences of Young British Muslims of the Crises in Syria. Journal of Muslims in Europe, 6(1), 1-21. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/22117954-12341336

Awan, Imran (2017, April): Cyber-Extremism: ISIS and the Power of Social Media. Society, 54(2), 138-149. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12115-017-0114-0

Bhattacharya, Srobana (2017): Comparing Civilian Support for Terrorism. Journal of Strategic Security, 10(2), 1-32. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5038/1944-0472.10.2.1562

Baele, Stephane J. (2017, June): Lone-Actor Terrorists’ Emotions and Cognition: An Evaluation beyond Stereotypes. Political Psychology, 38(3), 449-468. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/pops.12365

Bahney, Benjamin; Shatz, Howard J. (2015): Using Financial Data to Analyze Terrorist Motivations: The Case of Al-Qa’ida in Iraq’s Payrolls. In: David M. Blum; J. Edward Conway (Eds.): Counterterrorism and Threat Finance Analysis during Wartime. Lanham: Lexington Books, 97-108.

Bakker, Edwin; de Bont, Roel (2016): Belgian and Dutch Jihadist Foreign Fighters (2012-2015): Characteristics, Motivations, and Roles in the War in Syria and Iraq. Small Wars & Insurgencies, 27(5), 837-857. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09592318.2016.1209806

Barber, Brian K.; Olsen, Joseph A. (2006): Adolescents’ Willingness to Engage in Political Conflict: Lessons from the Gaza Strip. In: Jeff Victoroff (Ed.): Tangled Roots: Social and Psychological Factors in the Genesis of Terrorism. (NATO Security through Science Series – E: Human and Societal Dynamics, Vol. 11). Amsterdam: IOS Press, 203-226.

Barnett, Brett A. (2015, December): 20 Years Later: A Look Back at the Unabomber Manifesto. Perspectives on Terrorism, 9(6), 60-71. URL: http://www.terrorismanalysts.com/pt/index.php/pot/article/view/472

Basedau, Matthias et al. (2017, May): Does Discrimination Breed Grievances—And do Grievances Breed Violence? New Evidence from an Analysis of Religious Minorities in Developing Countries. Conflict Management and Peace Science, 34(3), 217-239. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0738894215581329

Bassetti, Thomas; Caruso, Raul; Schneider, Friedrich (2017, January): The Tree of Political Violence: A GMERT Analysis. Empirical Economics. Advance Online Publication. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00181-016-1214-1

Baytiyeh, Hoda (2016): The Dilemma of Terrorist Retaliations against Schools in Sectarian Conflict Regions: The Case of Lebanon. Journal of Applied Security Research, 11(4), 402-421. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/19361610.2016.1210480

Beevor, Eleanor (2017): Coercive Radicalization: Charismatic Authority and the Internal Strategies of ISIS and the Lord’s Resistance Army. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, 40(6), 496-521. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1057610X.2016.1221256

Beller, Johannes; Kröger, Christoph (2017, April): Religiosity, Religious Fundamentalism, and Perceived Threat as Predictors of Muslim Support for Extremist Violence. Psychology of Religion and Spirituality, 9(2), 158-164. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/rel0000138 URL: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/316447745_Religiosity_Religious_Fundamentalism_and_Perceived_Threat_as_Predictors_of_Muslim_Support_for_Extremist_Violence

Ben Arab, Emna (2016): The Making of a Foreign Terrorist Fighter: Tunisia as a Case Study. In: Sara Zeiger (Ed.): Expanding Research on Countering Violent Extremism. Abu Dhabi Hedayah; and Perth: Edith Cowan University, 41-54. URL: http://www.hedayahcenter.org/Admin/Content/File-410201685227.pdf

Berger, Lars (2016): Local, National and Global Islam: Religious Guidance and European Muslim Public Opinion on Political Radicalism and Social Conservatism. West European Politics, 39(2), 205-228. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/01402382.2015.1062252 URL: http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/86902

Berko, Anat; Erez, Edna; Gur, Oren M. (2017, August): Terrorism as Self-Help: Accounts of Palestinian Youth Incarcerated in Israeli Prisons for Security Violations. Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice, 33(3), 313-340. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1043986217699101

Bernardo, Luís Manuel A. V. (2011): Reasons of Violence, Violence of Reason: An Interpretation Based on Eric Weil’s Core Paradox. In: Diogo Pires Aurélio; João Tiago Proença (Eds.): Terrorism: Politics, Religion, Literature. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 35-68.

Blair, Graeme et al. (2013, January): Poverty and Support for Militant Politics: Evidence from Pakistan. American Journal of Political Science, 57(1), 30-48. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2012.00604.x

Blomberg, S. Brock; Hess, Gregory D. (2008): From (No) Butter to Guns? Understanding the Economic Role in Transnational Terrorism. In: Philip Keefer; Norman Loayza (Eds.): Terrorism, Economic Development, and Political Openness. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 83-115. URL: http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_fac_pub/288

Bloom, Mia (2009, June): Chasing Butterflies and Rainbows: A Critique of Kruglanski et al.’s “Fully Committed: Suicide Bombers’ Motivation and the Quest for Personal Significance”. Political Psychology, 30(3), 387-395. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9221.2009.00703.x

Bloom, Mia (2010): Are there “Root Causes” for Terrorist Support? Revisiting the Debate on Poverty, Education, and Terrorism. In: Benjamin H. Friedman; Jim Harper; Christopher A. Preble (Eds.): Terrorizing Ourselves: Why U.S. Counterterrorism Policy is Failing and how to Fix it. Washington: Cato Institute, 45-60.

Bobeica, Mihaela et al. (2008): A Quantitative Analysis of “Root Causes of Conflict”. In: Hsinchun Chen et al. (Eds.): Terrorism Informatics: Knowledge Management and Data Mining for Homeland Security. (Integrated Series in Information Systems). New York: Springer, 115-140.

Bohdan, Siarhei; Isaev, Gumer (2016): Criminal, Religious and Political Radicalisation in Prisons: Exploring the Cases of Romania, Russia and Pakistan, 1996-2016. Central European Journal of International and Security Studies, 10(3), 69-87. URL: http://www.cejiss.org/issue-detail/criminal-religious-and-political-radicalisation-in-prisons-exploring-the-cases-of-romania-russia-and-pakistan-1996-2016

Boncio, Alessandro (2017): Italian Foreign Terrorist Fighters: A Quantitative Analysis of Radicalization Risk Factors. In: Alessandro Niglia; Amer Al Sabaileh; Amani (Amneh) Hammad (Eds.): Countering Terrorism, Preventing Radicalization and Protecting Cultural Heritage. (NATO Science for Peace and Security Series – E: Human and Societal Dynamics, Vol. 133). Amsterdam: IOS Press, 40-51. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-61499-755-9-40

Bonino, Stefano (2016, April): In Conversation with Mubin Shaikh: From Salafi Jihadist to Undercover Agent inside the “Toronto 18” Terrorist Group. Perspectives on Terrorism, 10(2), 61-72. URL: http://www.terrorismanalysts.com/pt/index.php/pot/article/view/502

Bormann, Nils-Christian; Cederman, Lars-Erik; Vogt, Manuel (2017, April): Language, Religion, and Ethnic Civil War. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 61(4), 744-771. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0022002715600755

Borum, Randy (2011, Winter): Radicalization into Violent Extremism I: A Review of Social Science Theories. Journal of Strategic Security, 4(4), 7-36. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5038/1944-0472.4.4.1

Borum, Randy (2011, Winter): Radicalization into Violent Extremism II: A Review of Conceptual Models and Empirical Research. Journal of Strategic Security, 4(4), 37-62. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5038/1944-0472.4.4.2

Borum, Randy (2011, Winter): Rethinking Radicalization. [Introduction]. Journal of Strategic Security, 4(4), 1-6. URL: http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/jss/vol4/iss4/1

Botha, Anneli (2014): Political Socialization and Terrorist Radicalization among Individuals who Joined al-Shabaab in Kenya. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, 37(11), 895-919. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1057610X.2014.952511

Botha, Anneli (2016): Factors Facilitating Radicalization in Kenya and Somalia. In: Sara Zeiger (Ed.): Expanding Research on Countering Violent Extremism. Abu Dhabi: Hedayah andPerth: Edith Cowan University, 71-84. URL: http://www.hedayahcenter.org/Admin/Content/File-410201685227.pdf

Bove, Vincenzo; Böhmelt, Tobias (2016, April): Does Immigration Induce Terrorism? The Journal of Politics, 78(2), 572-588. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/684679

Boyd, Katharine A. (2017): Group-Level Predictors of Political and Religiously Motivated Violence. In: Gary LaFree; Joshua D. Freilich (Eds.): The Handbook of the Criminology of Terrorism. (Wiley Handbooks in Criminology and Criminal Justice). Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell, 77-92.

Braithwaite, Alex (2015): Transnational Terrorism as an Unintended Consequence of a Military Footprint. Security Studies, 24(2), 349-375. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09636412.2015.1038192

Brosché, Johan et al. (2017): Heritage under Attack: Motives for Targeting Cultural Property during Armed Conflict. International Journal of Heritage Studies, 23(3), 248-260. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13527258.2016.1261918 URL: http://www.pcr.uu.se/digitalAssets/348/c_348208-l_1-k_brosch--et-al--2016--heritage-under-attack-motives-for-targeting-cultural-property-during-armed-conflict.pdf

Bullock, Will; Imai, Kosuke; Shapiro, Jacob N. (2011, October): Statistical Analysis of Endorsement Experiments: Measuring Support for Militant Groups in Pakistan. Political Analysis, 19, 363-384. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/pan/mpr031

Burns, Courtney; Kattelman, Kyle T. (2017, May): Women Chief Executives: The Political Catch-22 of Counterterrorism. Journal of Terrorism Research, 8(2), 22-43. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15664/jtr.1313

Calcagno, Drew (2016, September): The Roots of Terrorism: Political Freedom and other Determinants. Small Wars Journal, 9/2016. URL: http://smallwarsjournal.com/jrnl/art/the-roots-of-terrorism-political-freedom-and-other-determinants

Calvert, John (2015): The Roots of Islamism and Islamist Violence. In: Randall D. Law (Ed.): The Routledge History of Terrorism. (Routledge Histories). Abingdon: Routledge, 258-269.

Cederman, Lars-Erik; Weidmann, Nils B.; Gleditsch, Kristian Skrede (2011, August): Horizontal Inequalities and Ethnonationalist Civil War: A Global Comparison. American Political Science Review, 105(3), 478-495. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055411000207

Chassman, Alyssa (2016-2017, Winter): Islamic State, Identity, and the Global Jihadist Movement: How is Islamic State Successful at Recruiting “Ordinary” People? Journal for Deradicalization, 9, 205-259. URL: http://journals.sfu.ca/jd/index.php/jd/article/view/77

Chitrali, Jamil Ahmad; Sanauddin, Noor; Owais, Syed (2015, October): Violence Explained? A Review of Theoretical Explanations of Violent Behavior. Pakistan Journal of Criminology, 7(4), 1-15. URL: http://www.pakistansocietyofcriminology.com/publications/2016_02_22_149.pdf

Choi, Seung-Whan; Piazza, James A. (2016, September): Internally Displaced Populations and Suicide Terrorism. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 60(6), 1008-1040. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0022002714550086 URL: http://whanchoi.people.uic.edu/InternallyDisplacedPopulationsAndSuicideTerrorism.pdf

Choi, Seung-Whan; Piazza, James A. (2017, February): Foreign Military Interventions and Suicide Attacks. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 61(2), 271-297. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0022002715576575 URL: http://whanchoi.people.uic.edu/ForeignMilitaryInterventionsAndSuicideAttacks.pdf

Christian, Patrick J. et al. (2017, April): A Psycho-Emotional Human Security Analytical Framework: Origin and Epidemiology of Violent Extremism and Radicalization of Refugees. Small Wars Journal, 4/2017. URL: http://smallwarsjournal.com/jrnl/art/a-psycho-emotional-human-security-analytical-framework-origin-and-epidemiology-of-violent-e

Coggins, Bridget L. (2015, April): Does State Failure Cause Terrorism? An Empirical Analysis (1999-2008). Journal of Conflict Resolution, 59(3), 455-483. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0022002713515403

Cohen, Shuki J. (2016): Mapping the Minds of Suicide Bombers Using Linguistic Methods: The Corpus of Palestinian Suicide Bombers’ Farewell Letters (CoPSBFL). Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, 39(7-8), 749-780. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1057610X.2016.1141005

Conduit, Dara (2017): The Patterns of Syrian Uprising: Comparing Hama in 1980-1982 and Homs in 2011. British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies, 44(1), 73-87. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13530194.2016.1182421

Connable, Ben; Lander, Natasha; Jackson, Kimberly (2017): The Rise of IS and Root Causes. In: Beating the Islamic State: Selecting a New Strategy for Iraq and Syria. [e-Book]. Santa Monica: RAND Corporation, 7-18. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7249/RR1562

Corner, Emily; Gill, Paul (2015, February): A False Dichotomy? Mental Illness and Lone-Actor Terrorism. Law and Human Behavior, 39(1), 23-34. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/lhb0000102

Corner, Emily; Gill, Paul (2017, January): Is there a Nexus between Terrorist Involvement and Mental Health in the Age of the Islamic State? CTC Sentinel, 10(1), 1-10. URL: https://www.ctc.usma.edu/v2/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/CTC-Sentinel_Vol9Iss1123.pdf

Corner, Emily; Gill, Paul; Mason, Oliver (2016): Mental Health Disorders and the Terrorist: A Research Note Probing Selection Effects and Disorder Prevalence. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, 39(6), 560-568. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1057610X.2015.1120099

Costanza, William A. (2015, Spring-Summer): Adjusting our Gaze: An Alternative Approach to Understanding Youth Radicalization. Journal of Strategic Security, 8(1-2), 1-15. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5038/1944-0472.8.1.1428

Cottee, Simon (2017): “What ISIS Really Wants” Revisited: Religion Matters in Jihadist Violence, but how? Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, 40(6), 439-454. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1057610X.2016.1221258

Cottee, Simon; Hayward, Keith (2011): Terrorist (E)motives: The Existential Attractions of Terrorism. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, 34(12), 963-986. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1057610X.2011.621116

Cox, Daniel G.; Ryan, Alex (2015, Spring-Summer): Countering Insurgency and the Myth of “The Cause”. Journal of Strategic Security, 8(1-2), 43-62. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5038/1944-0472.8.1.1419

Cragin, R. Kim (2014): Resisting Violent Extremism: A Conceptual Model for Non-Radicalization. Terrorism and Political Violence, 26(2), 337-353. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09546553.2012.714820

Crenshaw, Martha (1981, July): The Causes of Terrorism. Comparative Politics, 13(4), 379-399. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/421717

Crenshaw, Martha (2006): Have Motivations for Terrorism Changed? In: Jeff Victoroff (Ed.): Tangled Roots: Social and Psychological Factors in the Genesis of Terrorism. (NATO Security through Science Series – E: Human and Societal Dynamics, Vol. 11). Amsterdam: IOS Press, 51-57. URL: https://www.surrey.ac.uk/politics/research/researchareasofstaff/isppsummeracademy/instructors/Crenshaw%20Have%20Motivations%20for%20Terrorism%20Changed%202006.pdf

Crenshaw, Martha (2012): Decisions to Use Terrorism: Psychological Constraints on Instrumental Reasoning. In: John Horgan; Kurt Braddock (Eds.): Terrorism Studies: A Reader. Abingdon: Routledge, 250-259.

Crenshaw, Martha (2012): The Causes of Terrorism. In: John Horgan; Kurt Braddock (Eds.): Terrorism Studies: A Reader. Abingdon: Routledge, 99-114.

Crone, Manni (2016): Radicalization Revisited: Violence, Politics and the Skills of the Body. International Affairs, 92(3), 587-604. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2346.12604

Cross, Remy; Snow, David A. (2011, Winter): Radicalism within the Context of Social Movements: Processes and Types. Journal of Strategic Security, 4(4), 115-130. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5038/1944-0472.4.4.5

Dalgaard-Nielsen, Anja (2010): Violent Radicalization in Europe: What we Know and what we do not Know. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, 33(9), 797-814. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1057610X.2010.501423

Danzell, Orlandrew E.; Maisonet, Montañez, Lisandra M. (2016): Understanding the Lone Wolf Terror Phenomena: Assessing Current Profiles. Behavioral Sciences of Terrorism and Political Aggression, 8(2), 135-159. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/19434472.2015.1070189

Dawson, Lorne L.; Amarasingam, Amarnath (2017): Talking to Foreign Fighters: Insights into the Motivations for Hijrah to Syria and Iraq. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, 40(3), 191-210. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1057610X.2016.1274216

de Bie, Jasper L. (2016, October): Involvement Mechanisms of Jihadist Networks. Perspectives on Terrorism, 10(5), 22-41. URL: http://www.terrorismanalysts.com/pt/index.php/pot/article/view/539

Deckard, Natalie Delia; Jacobson, David (2015, September): The Prosperous Hardliner: Affluence, Fundamentalism, and Radicalization in Western European Muslim Communities. Social Compass, 62(3), 412-433. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0037768615587827

Decker, Scott; Pyrooz, David (2011, Winter): Gangs, Terrorism, and Radicalization. Journal of Strategic Security, 4(4), 151-166. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5038/1944-0472.4.4.7

De la Corte, Luis (2007): Explaining Terrorism: A Psychosocial Approach. Perspectives on Terrorism, 1(2). URL: http://www.terrorismanalysts.com/pt/index.php/pot/article/view/8

Della Porta, Donatella (2012): On Individual Motivations in Underground Political Organizations. In: John Horgan; Kurt Braddock (Eds.): Terrorism Studies: A Reader. Abingdon: Routledge, 231-249.

Derin-Güre, Pinar; Elveren, Adem Yavuz (2014): Does Income Inequality Derive the Separatist Terrorism in Turkey? Defence and Peace Economics, 25(3), 311-327. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10242694.2013.763627

De Saint Marc, Guillaume Denoix; Lacombe, Stéphane (2016, April): The Roles of Women in Terrorism and Countering Violent Extremism: Motivations, Experiences, and Methods of Engagement. In: Naureen Chowdhury Fink; Sara Zeiger; Rafia Bhulai (Eds.): A Man’s World? Exploring the Roles of Women in Countering Terrorism and Violent Extremism. [e-Book]. Abu Dhabi and New York: Hedayah; The Global Center on Cooperative Security, 164-176. URL: http://www.globalcenter.org/publications/a-mans-world-exploring-the-roles-of-women-in-countering-terrorism-and-violent-extremism

Dixon, Bradley (2016, Spring): Thwarting Recruitment Efforts and Radicalization in the West: One Part of a Multipronged Approach to Combating ISIS. The Journal on Terrorism and Security Analysis, 11, 33-52. URL: http://satsa.syr.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/SU-Maxwell_SASTA_Journal_bb.pdf

Doosje, Bertjan; Loseman, Annemarie; van den Bos, Kees (2013, September): Determinants of Radicalization of Islamic Youth in the Netherlands: Personal Uncertainty, Perceived Injustice, and Perceived Group Threat. Journal of Social Issues, 69(3), 586-604. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/josi.12030

Dramac Jiries, Tanja (2016, Spring): Rise of Radicalization in the Global Village: Online Radicalization vs. In-Person Radicalization – Is there a Difference? Journal for Deradicalization, 6, 206-230. URL: http://journals.sfu.ca/jd/index.php/jd/article/view/48

Dreher, Axel; Kreibaum, Merle (2016, July): Weapons of Choice: The Effect of Natural Resources on Terror and Insurgencies. Journal of Peace Research, 53(4), 539-553. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0022343316634418

Ducol, Benjamin (2015): A Radical Sociability: In Defense of an Online/Offline Multidimensional Approach to Radicalisation. In: Martin Bouchard (Ed.): Social Networks, Terrorism and Counter-Terrorism: Radical and Connected. (Contemporary Terrorism Studies). Abingdon: Routledge, 82-104.

Dutton, Kevin; Abrams, Dominic (2016, March 25): What Research Says about Defeating Terrorism. Scientific American: Mind. URL: https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/what-research-says-about-defeating-terrorism

Dzikansky, Mordecai; Kleiman, Gil; Slater, Robert (2012): Section II: A Suicide Bomber’s Motives. In: Terrorist Suicide Bombings: Attack Interdiction, Mitigation, and Response. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 39-70.

Egiegba Agbiboa, Daniel (2013): Living in Fear: Religious Identity, Relative Deprivation and the Boko Haram Terrorism. African Security, 6(2), 153-170. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/19392206.2013.788410

Elad-Strenger, Julia (2016, March): Activism as a Heroic Quest for Symbolic Immortality: An Existential Perspective on Collective Action. Journal of Social and Political Psychology, 4(1), 44-65. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5964/jspp.v4i1.430

Elster, Jon (2005): Motivations and Beliefs in Suicide Missions. In: Diego Gambetta (Ed.): Making Sense of Suicide Missions. (Expanded and updated edition). Oxford: Oxford University Press, 233-258.

Elu, Juliet; Price, Gregory (2015): The Causes and Consequences of Terrorism in Africa. In: Célestin Monga; Justin Yifu Lin (Eds.): The Oxford Handbook of Africa and Economics. (Vol. 1: Context and Concepts). Oxford: Oxford University Press, 724-738.

Everton, Sean F. (2016, June): Social Networks and Religious Violence. Review of Religious Research, 58(2), 191-217. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13644-015-0240-3

Fair, C. Christine; Goldstein, Jacob S.; Hamza, Ali (2017): Can Knowledge of Islam Explain Lack of Support for Terrorism? Evidence from Pakistan. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, 40(4), 339-355. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1057610X.2016.1197692 URL: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2758207

Fair, C. Christine; Malhotra, Neil; Shapiro, Jacob N. (2012): Faith or Doctrine? Religion and Support for Political Violence in Pakistan. Public Opinion Quarterly, 76(4), 688-720. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/poq/nfs053

Fair, C. Christine; Malhotra, Neil; Shapiro, Jacob N. (2014, August): Democratic Values and Support for Militant Politics: Evidence from a National Survey of Pakistan. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 58(5), 743-770. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0022002713478564

Fair, C. Christine; Shepherd, Bryan (2006): Research Note: Who Supports Terrorism? Evidence from Fourteen Muslim Countries. In: Jeff Victoroff (Ed.): Tangled Roots: Social and Psychological Factors in the Genesis of Terrorism. (NATO Security through Science Series – E: Human and Societal Dynamics, Vol. 11). Amsterdam: IOS Press, 162-186.

Fajmonová, Veronika; Moskalenko, Sophia; McCauley, Clark (2017, April): Tracking Radical Opinions in Polls of U.S. Muslims. Perspectives on Terrorism, 11(2), 36-48. URL: http://www.terrorismanalysts.com/pt/index.php/pot/article/view/594

Farrall, Leah (2015, Fall): Navigating Lived Experience: Reflections from the Field. Journal for Deradicalization, 4, 120-144. URL: http://journals.sfu.ca/jd/index.php/jd/article/view/28

Ferguson, Neil; Binks, Eve (2015): Understanding Radicalization and Engagement in Terrorism through Religious Conversion Motifs. Journal of Strategic Security, 8(1-2), 16-26. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5038/1944-0472.8.1.1430

Ferguson, Neil; Burgess, Mark (2009): From Naïvety to Insurgency: Becoming a Paramilitary in Northern Ireland. In: David Canter (Ed.): The Faces of Terrorism: Multidisciplinary Perspectives. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell, 19-34.

Feyyaz, Muhammad (2014, Spring-Fall): Youth Extremism in Pakistan: Magnitude, Channels, Resident Spheres and Response. Defence Against Terrorism Review, 6(1), 63-92. URL: http://www.coedat.nato.int/publication/datr/volume9/04-Youth_Extremism_in_Pakistan.pdf

Forest, James J. F. (2010): Terrorism as a Product of Choices and Perceptions. In: Benjamin H. Friedman; Jim Harper; Christopher A. Preble (Eds.): Terrorizing Ourselves: Why U.S. Counterterrorism Policy is Failing and how to Fix it. Washington, DC: Cato Institute, 23-44.

Francis, Matthew D. M. (2016): Why the “Sacred” Is a Better Resource than “Religion” for Understanding Terrorism. Terrorism and Political Violence, 28(5), 912-927. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09546553.2014.976625

Franks, Jason (2009): Rethinking the Roots of Terrorism: Beyond Orthodox Terrorism Theory: A Critical Research Agenda. Global Society, 23(2), 153-176. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13600820902766219

Gaibulloev, Khusrav; Sandler, Todd; Sul, Donggyu (2013, January): Common Drivers of Transnational Terrorism: Principal Component Analysis. Economic Inquiry, 51(1), 707-721. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1465-7295.2012.00469.x URL: http://www.utdallas.edu/~tms063000/website/Gaibulloev_Sandler_Sul_PrincComponent_Comp.pdf

Gambetta, Diego; Hertog, Steffen (2009, August): Why Are there so many Engineers among Islamic Radicals? European Journal of Sociology / Archives Européennes de Sociologie, 50(2), 201-230. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003975609990129 URL: http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/29836/1/Why_are_there_so_many_Engineers_among_Islamic_radicals_(publisher).pdf

Gelfand, Michele J. et al. (2013, September): Culture and Extremism. Journal of Social Issues, 69(3), 495-517. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/josi.12026 URL: https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/6e41/60c5ea03cea36fda6fb5e559516d19c30f0e.pdf

Gendron, Angela (2017): The Call to Jihad: Charismatic Preachers and the Internet. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, 40(1), 44-61. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1057610X.2016.1157406

Gerges, Fawaz A. (2014): Does Islam Play a Unique Role in Modern Religious Terrorism? NO: Islam itself Is not the Problem in the Current Wave of Global Terrorism. In: Stuart Gottlieb (Ed.): Debating Terrorism and Counterterrorism: Conflicting Perspectives on Causes, Contexts, and Responses. (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks: CQ Press, 118-135.

Gerolymatos, André (2015): The Roots of Terrorism in the Middle East. In: Martin Bouchard (Ed.): Social Networks, Terrorism and Counter-Terrorism: Radical and Connected. (Contemporary Terrorism Studies). Abingdon: Routledge, 11-33.

Ghatak, Sambuddha (2016): Challenging the State: Effect of Minority Discrimination, Economic Globalization, and Political Openness on Domestic Terrorism. International Interactions, 42(1), 56-80. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/03050629.2015.1048857 URL: http://www.sambuddhaghatak.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/Challenging-the-State-Effect-of-Minority-Discrimination-Economic-Globalization-and-Political-Openness-on-Domestic-Terrorism.pdf

Ghatak, Sambuddha (2016): Willingness and Opportunity: A Study of Domestic Terrorism in Post-Cold War South Asia. Terrorism and Political Violence, 28(2), 274-296. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09546553.2014.902813

Ghatak, Sambuddha; Prins, Brandon C. (2017): The Homegrown Threat: State Strength, Grievance, and Domestic Terrorism. International Interactions, 43(2), 217-247. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/03050629.2016.1128431

Gill, Paul (2015, September-December): Toward a Scientific Approach to Identifying and Understanding Indicators of Radicalization and Terrorist Intent: Eight Key Problems. Journal of Threat Assessment and Management, 2(3-4), 187-191. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/tam0000047 URL: http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1482248

Gill, Paul; Corner, Emily (2017, April): There and back again: The Study of Mental Disorder and Terrorist Involvement. American Psychologist, 72(3), 231-241. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/amp0000090 URL: https://www.apa.org/pubs/journals/releases/amp-amp0000090.pdf

Gill, Paul; Horgan, John; Deckert, Paige (2014, March): Bombing Alone: Tracing the Motivations and Antecedent Behaviors of Lone-Actor Terrorists. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 59(2), 425-435. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.12312

Githens-Mazer, Jonathan (2008, January): Variations on a Theme: Radical Violent Islamism and European North African Radicalization. PS: Political Science & Politics, 41(1), 19-24. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1049096508080025

Githens-Mazer, Jonathan (2016): Beyond Narrative: How and why Islamically Inspired Narratives of Political Violence Resonate in Contemporary Tunisia. In: Simon Staffell; Akil N. Awan (Eds.): Jihadism Transformed: Al-Qaeda and Islamic State’s Global Battle of Ideas. London: Hurst, 69-88.

Githens-Mazer, Jonathan; Lambert, Robert (2010): Why Conventional Wisdom on Radicalization Fails: The Persistence of a Failed Discourse. International Affairs, 86, 889-901. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2346.2010.00918.x

Goli, Marco; Rezaei, Shahamak (2011, Winter): Radical Islamism and Migrant Integration in Denmark: An Empirical Inquiry. Journal of Strategic Security, 4(4), 81-114. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5038/1944-0472.4.4.4

Gomez, Jaime, Jr. (2005, May): Terrorist Motivations for the Use of Extreme Violence. Strategic Insights, 4(5). URL: http://www.au.af.mil/au/awc/awcgate/nps/gomez_may05.pdf

Goodwin, Jeffrey (2012): Is Religious Extremism a Major Cause of Terrorism? NO: “Religious Terrorism” as Ideology. In: Richard Jackson; Samuel Justin Sinclair (Eds.): Contemporary Debates on Terrorism. Abingdon: Routledge, 127-134.

Gorenburg, Dmitry (2009, January): The Causes and Consequences of Beslan: A Commentary on Gerard Toal’s Placing Blame: Making Sense of Beslan. Political Geography, 28(1), 23-27. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polgeo.2009.01.003

Gregg, Heather Selma (2014): The Causes of Religious Violence: From Social Movements to Hastening the Apocalypse. In: The Path to Salvation: Religious Violence from the Crusades to Jihad. Dulles: Potomac Books, 19-31.

Gregg, Heather Selma (2016): Three Theories of Religious Activism and Violence: Social Movements, Fundamentalists, and Apocalyptic Warriors. Terrorism and Political Violence, 28(2), 338-360. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09546553.2014.918879 URL: http://calhoun.nps.edu/bitstream/handle/10945/49169/Gregg_Three_Theories_2016.pdf

Groppi, Michele (2017, February): An Empirical Analysis of Causes of Islamist Radicalisation: Italian Case Study. Perspectives on Terrorism, 11(1), 68-76. URL: http://www.terrorismanalysts.com/pt/index.php/pot/article/view/578

Guiora, Amos N. (2008): What Motivates the Terrorist? In: Fundamentals of Counterterrorism. New York: Aspen Publishers, 29-46.

Gunning, Jeroen (2016): Religion as a Motivation for Political Violence. In: Marie Breen-Smyth (Ed.): The Ashgate Research Companion to Political Violence. Abingdon: Routledge, 225-242. (Original work published 2012)

Gupta, Dipak K. (2012): Is Terrorism the Result of Root Causes such as Poverty and Exclusion? YES: Do Structural Factors Explain Terrorism? In: Richard Jackson; Samuel Justin Sinclair (Eds.): Contemporary Debates on Terrorism. Abingdon: Routledge, 107-113.

Gurski, Phil (2016): What do we Know about the Basic Causes and Drivers of Al Qaeda-Inspired Radicalization and Violence in Canada? In: The Threat from within: Recognizing Al Qaeda-Inspired Radicalization and Terrorism in the West. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield, 19-50.

Gurski, Phil (2017): Why War? In: Western Foreign Fighters: The Threat to Homeland and International Security. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield, 7-24.

Haddara, Wael (2017, March): A Policy-Oriented Framework for Understanding Violent Extremism. New England Journal of Public Policy, 29(1), Article 4. URL: http://scholarworks.umb.edu/nejpp/vol29/iss1/4/

Hafez, Mohammed M. (2016): Martyrs without Borders: The Puzzle of Transnational Suicide Bombers. In: Marie Breen-Smyth (Ed.): The Ashgate Research Companion to Political Violence. Abingdon: Routledge, 185-204. (Original work published 2012)

Hafez, Mohammed M. (2016, February): The Ties that Bind: How Terrorists Exploit Family Bonds. CTC Sentinel, 9(2), 15-17. URL: https://www.ctc.usma.edu/v2/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/CTC-SENTINEL-Vol9Iss210.pdf

Hafez, Mohammed M.; Mullins, Creighton (2015): The Radicalization Puzzle: A Theoretical Synthesis of Empirical Approaches to Homegrown Extremism. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, 38(11), 958-975. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1057610X.2015.1051375 URL: http://calhoun.nps.edu/bitstream/handle/10945/47758/Hafez-Mullins-The-Radicalization-Puzzle_2015-11_HOLD.pdf

Hald Bjørgum, Maren (2016, October): Jihadi Brides: Why do Western Muslim Girls Join ISIS? Global Politics Review, 2(2), 91-102. URL: http://www.globalpoliticsreview.com/jihadi-brides-why-do-western-muslim-girls-join-isis

Haleem, Irm (2004): Micro Target, Macro Impact: The Resolution of the Kashmir Conflict as a Key to Shrinking Al-Qaeda’s International Terrorist Network. Terrorism and Political Violence, 16(1), 18-47. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09546550490446054

Hanafi, Hassan (2006): Religion and Culture in the Arab World: Evidence of Links to Political Violence. In: Jeff Victoroff (Ed.): Tangled Roots: Social and Psychological Factors in the Genesis of Terrorism. (NATO Security through Science Series – E: Human and Societal Dynamics, Vol. 11). Amsterdam: IOS Press, 259-273.

Hanley, Brian (2007): Understanding and Countering the Motives and Methods of Warlords. In: James J. F. Forest (Ed.): Countering Terrorism and Insurgency in the 21st Century: International Perspectives. (Vol. 2: Combating the Sources and Facilitators). Westport: Praeger Security International, 278-301.

Hashim, Ahmed S. (2006): Origins and Motives of the Insurgency. In: Insurgency and Counter-Insurgency in Iraq. New York: Cornell University Press, 59-124.

Hegghammer, Thomas (2016, December): The Future of Jihadism in Europe: A Pessimistic View. Perspectives on Terrorism, 10(6), 156-170. URL: http://www.terrorismanalysts.com/pt/index.php/pot/article/view/566

Hellesøy, Kjersti (2013): Civil War and the Radicalization of Islam in Chechnya. Journal of Religion and Violence, 1(1), 21-37. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5840/jrv20131117

Hellmuth, Dorle (2016, Spring): Of Alienation, Association, and Adventure: Why German Fighters Join ISIL. Journal for Deradicalization, 6, 24-50. URL: http://journals.sfu.ca/jd/index.php/jd/article/view/42

Helmus, Todd C. (2009): Why and how some People Become Terrorists. In: Paul K. Davis; Kim Cragin (Eds.): Social Science for Counterterrorism: Putting the Pieces together. [e-Book]. (RAND Monographs, MG-849-OSD). Santa Monica: RAND Corporation, 71-111. URL: http://www.rand.org/pubs/monographs/MG849.html

Hemmingsen, Ann-Sophie (2015): Viewing Jihadism as a Counterculture: Potential and Limitations. Behavioral Sciences of Terrorism and Political Aggression, 7(1), 3-17. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/19434472.2014.977326

Hemmingsen, Ann-Sophie (2016, December): Plebeian Jihadism in Denmark: An Individualisation and Popularization Predating the Growth of the Islamic State. Perspectives on Terrorism, 10(6), 102-108. URL: http://www.terrorismanalysts.com/pt/index.php/pot/article/view/561

Hirsch-Hoefler, Sivan; Canetti, Daphna; Eiran, Ehud (2016): Radicalizing Religion? Religious Identity and Settlers’ Behavior. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, 39(6), 500-518. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1057610X.2015.1127111

Hoffman, Michael T.; Nugent, Elizabeth R. (2017, April): Communal Religious Practice and Support for Armed Parties: Evidence from Lebanon. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 61(4), 869-902.

Hogg, Michael A.; Adelman, Janice (2013, September): Uncertainty–Identity Theory: Extreme Groups, Radical Behavior, and Authoritarian Leadership. Journal of Social Issues, 69(3), 436-454. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/josi.12023

Hogg, Michael A.; Kruglanski, Arie; van den Bos, Kees (Guest Eds.) (2013, September): Uncertainty and Extremism. [Special Issue]. Journal of Social Issues, 69(3). URL: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/josi.2013.69.issue-3/issuetoc

Hogg, Michael A.; Kruglanski, Arie; van den Bos, Kees (2013, September): Uncertainty and the Roots of Extremism. [Introduction]. Journal of Social Issues, 69(3), 407-418. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/josi.12021

Holbrook, Donald (2015): A Critical Analysis of the Role of the Internet in the Preparation and Planning of Acts of Terrorism. Dynamics of Asymmetric Conflict, 8(2), 121-133. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/17467586.2015.1065102

Holbrook, Donald (2016, December): Al-Qaeda’s Grievances in Context: Reconciling Sharia and Society. International Relations, 30(4), 473-493. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0047117816676308

Holman, Timothy (2016, April): “Gonna Get Myself Connected”: The Role of Facilitation in Foreign Fighter Mobilizations. Perspectives on Terrorism, 10(2), 2-23. URL: http://www.terrorismanalysts.com/pt/index.php/pot/article/view/497

Holt, Tom et al. (2015): Political Radicalization on the Internet: Extremist Content, Government Control, and the Power of Victim and Jihad Videos. Dynamics of Asymmetric Conflict, 8(2), 107-120. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/17467586.2015.1065101

Horgan, John (2006): Understanding Terrorism: Old Assumptions, New Assertions, and Challenges for Research. In: Jeff Victoroff (Ed.): Tangled Roots: Social and Psychological Factors in the Genesis of Terrorism. (NATO Security through Science Series – E: Human and Societal Dynamics, Vol. 11). Amsterdam: IOS Press, 74-84.

Horgan, John (2007): Understanding Terrorist Motivation: A Socio-Psychological Perspective. In: Magnus Ranstorp (Ed.): Mapping Terrorism Research: State of the Art, Gaps and Future Direction. (Political Violence). Abingdon: Routledge, 106-126.

Horgan, John (2008, July): From Profiles to Pathways and Roots to Routes: Perspectives from Psychology on Radicalization into Terrorism. The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 618(1), 80-94. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0002716208317539

Horton, Michael (2017, June-July): Crossing the Canal: Why Egypt Faces a Creeping Insurgency. CTC Sentinel, 10(6), 22-28. URL: https://ctc.usma.edu/v2/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/CTC-Sentinel_Vol10Iss6-5.pdf

Huesmann, L. Rowell; Huesmann, Graham R. (2012): Is Terrorism the Result of Root Causes such as Poverty and Exclusion? NO: Poverty and Exclusion are not the Root Causes of Terrorism. In: Richard Jackson; Samuel Justin Sinclair (Eds.): Contemporary Debates on Terrorism. Abingdon: Routledge, 113-119.

Ilardi, Gaetano Joe (2013): Interviews with Canadian Radicals. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, 36(9), 713-738. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1057610X.2013.813248

Ilyas, Mohammed (2014, September): Human Bombing – A Religious Act. Journal of Terrorism Research, 5(3), 31-38. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15664/jtr.944

Ilyas, Saddam; Mehmood, Bilal; Aslam, Raees (2017, January): Terrorism and Poverty: Double Trouble for Macroeconomic Performance in African Countries. African Journal of Economic Review, 5(1), 1-13. URL: https://www.ajol.info/index.php/ajer/article/view/149249

Ingram, Haroro J. (2016): Understanding ISIS Propaganda: Appeal, Radicalisation and Counter-Strategy Implications. In: Sara Zeiger (Ed.): Expanding Research on Countering Violent Extremism. Abu Dhabi: Hedayah and Perth: Edith Cowan University, 143-154. URL: http://www.hedayahcenter.org/Admin/Content/File-410201685227.pdf

Isaac, Steven (2015): Terrorism in the Middle Ages: The Seeds of Later Developments. In: Randall D. Law (Ed.): The Routledge History of Terrorism. (Routledge Histories). Abingdon: Routledge, 46-60.

Isaacs, Matthew (2016, March): Sacred Violence or Strategic Faith? Disentangling the Relationship between Religion and Violence in Armed Conflict. Journal of Peace Research, 53(2), 211-225. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0022343315626771

Jackson, Richard et al. (2011): The Causes of Non-State Terrorism. In: Terrorism: A Critical Introduction. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 198-221.

Janeczko, Matthew (2014): “Faced with Death, even a Mouse Bites”: Social and Religious Motivations behind Terrorism in Chechnya. Small Wars & Insurgencies, 25(2), 428-456. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09592318.2014.903975

Kay, Aaron C.; Eibach, Richard P. (2013, September): Compensatory Control and its Implications for Ideological Extremism. Journal of Social Issues, 69(3), 564-585. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/josi.12029

Kiefer, Maximilian et al. (2016-2017, Winter): Westliche Jugendliche im Bann des Islamischen Staates – Radikalisierende Inhalte der IS-Propaganda am Beispiel der Onlinemagazine Dabiq und Rumiyah. Journal for Deradicalization, 9, 126-184. URL: http://journals.sfu.ca/jd/index.php/jd/article/view/75

Klein, Kristen M.; Kruglanski, Arie W. (2013, September): Commitment and Extremism: A Goal Systemic Analysis. Journal of Social Issues, 69(3), 419-435. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/josi.12022

Kluch, Sofia Pinero; Vaux, Alan (2017): Culture and Terrorism: The Role of Cultural Factors in Worldwide Terrorism (1970-2013). Terrorism and Political Violence, 29(2), 323-341. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09546553.2015.1038523

Kobrin, Nancy Hartevelt (2016, October): Nobody Born a Terrorist, but Early Childhood Matters: Explaining the Jihadis’ Lack of Empathy. Perspectives on Terrorism, 10(5), 108-111. URL: http://www.terrorismanalysts.com/pt/index.php/pot/article/view/546

Koehler, Daniel (2014-2015, Winter): The Radical Online: Individual Radicalization Processes and the Role of the Internet. Journal for Deradicalization, 1, 116-134. URL: http://journals.sfu.ca/jd/index.php/jd/article/view/8

Koos, Carlo (2016, February): Does Violence Pay? The Effect of Ethnic Rebellion on Overcoming Political Deprivation. Conflict Management and Peace Science, 33(1), 3-24. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0738894214559670

Korstanje, Maximiliano E. (2015): Conflictive Touring: The Roots of Terrorism. International Journal of Cyber Warfare and Terrorism, 5(2), 53-67. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4018/IJCWT.2015040104

Korstanje, Maximiliano E. (2017): The Roots of Terror: The Lesser Evil Doctrine under Criticism. In: Maximiliano E. Korstanje (Ed.): Threat Mitigation and Detection of Cyber Warfare and Terrorism Activities. Hershey: IGI Global, 254-270. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-1938-6.ch011

Krieger, Tim; Meierrieks, Daniel (2015, January): The Rise of Capitalism and the Roots of Anti-American Terrorism. Journal of Peace Research, 52(1), 46-61. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0022343314552940

Krueger, Alan B.; Laitin, David D. (2008): Kto Kogo? A Cross-Country Study of the Origins and Targets of Terrorism. In: Philip Keefer; Norman Loayza (Eds.): Terrorism, Economic Development, and Political Openness. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 148-173. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511754388

Kruglanski, Arie W. (2014, October 28): Psychology not Theology: Overcoming ISIS’ Secret Appeal. E-International Relations. URL: http://www.e-ir.info/2014/10/28/psychology-not-theology-overcoming-isis-secret-appeal

Kruglanski, Arie W.; Orehek, Edward (2011): The Role of the Quest for Personal Significance in Motivating Terrorism. In: Joseph P. Forgas; Arie W. Kruglanski; Kipling D. Williams (Eds.): The Psychology of Social Conflict and Aggression. (The Sydney Symposium of Social Psychology). New York: Psychology Press, 153-166. URL: http://public.psych.iastate.edu/caa/classes/487Readings/KruglanskiOrehek2011.pdf

Kruglanski, Arie W. et al. (2009, June): Fully Committed: Suicide Bombers’ Motivation and the Quest for Personal Significance. Political Psychology, 30(3), 331-357. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9221.2009.00698.x

Kruglanski, Arie W. et al. (2013, October): Terrorism - A (Self) Love Story: Redirecting the Significance Quest Can End Violence. American Psychologist, 68(7), 559-575. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/a0032615

Kruglanski, Arie W. et al. (2016): What a Difference Two Years Make: Patterns of Radicalization in a Philippine Jail. Dynamics of Asymmetric Conflict, 9(1-3), 13-36. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/17467586.2016.1198042

Kruglanski, Arie W. et al. (2017, April): To the Fringe and Back: Violent Extremism and the Psychology of Deviance. American Psychologist, 72(3), 217-230. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/amp0000091 URL: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Arie_Kruglanski/publication/311583109_To_the_fringe_and_back_Violent_extremism_and_the_psychology_of_deviance/links/58ea7ebaaca2729d8cd599f2/To-the-fringe-and-back-Violent-extremism-and-the-psychology-of-deviance.pdf

Kuhn, Patrick M.; Weidmann, Nils B. (2015, September): Unequal we Fight: Between- and Within-Group Inequality and Ethnic Civil War. Political Science Research and Methods, 3(3), 543-568. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/psrm.2015.7 URL: https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/42cc/ccd3c58ed8d024d0f9de4eeff457da528b0f.pdf

Kuznar, Lawrence A. (2007, June): Rationality Wars and the War on Terror: Explaining Terrorism and Social Unrest. American Anthropologist, 109(2), 318-329. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1525/aa.2007.109.2.318

Lahiri, Simanti (2015): Choosing to Die: Suicide Bombing and Suicide Protest in South Asia. Terrorism and Political Violence, 27(2), 268-288. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09546553.2013.806310

Lankford, Adam (2014, August): Précis of The Myth of Martyrdom: What Really Drives Suicide Bombers, Rampage Shooters, and other Self-Destructive Killers. [Target Article]. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 37(4), 351-362. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X13001581

Lankford, Adam (2014, August): Evidence that Suicide Terrorists Are Suicidal: Challenges and Empirical Predictions. [Author’s Response to Open Peer Commentaries]. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 37(4), 380-393. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X13003609

Leimbach, Katharina (2017, Summer): Die (De-)Konstruktion eines extremistischen Weltbildes: Eine Mixed-Methods Analyse von Al-Qaidas Online Magazin “Inspire”. Journal for Deradicalization, 11, 148-218. URL: http://journals.sfu.ca/jd/index.php/jd/article/view/104

Leman, Johan (2016, March): The History, Motivations, Framing and Processes of Belgian Jihadism: The Molenbeek Case. In: Hedwig Giusto (Ed.): Daesh and the Terrorist Threat: From the Middle East to Europe. [e-Book]. Brussels; Rome: Foundation for European Progressive Studies (FEPS); Fondazione Italianieuropei, 126-134. URL: http://www.feps-europe.eu/en/publications/details/376

Leroy, Didier (2016, October): Daesh-Linked Activities and Motivations in Belgium. In: Beatrice Gorawantschy et al. (Eds.): Countering Daesh Extremism: European and Asian Responses. (KAS Panorama: Insights into Asian and European Affairs, 02/2016). Singapore: Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung (KAS); International Centre for Political Violence and Terrorism Research (ICPVTR), 177-188. URL: http://www.kas.de/politikdialog-asien/en/publications/46739

Levin, Rachel; Asal, Victor (2017): Do Different Definitions of Terrorism Alter its Causal Story? In: Michael Stohl; Richard Burchill; Scott Englund (Eds.): Constructions of Terrorism: An Interdisciplinary Approach to Research and Policy. Oakland: University of California Press, 151-162.

Lia, Brynjar (2016, Winter): Jihadism in the Arab World after 2011: Explaining its Expansion. Middle East Policy, 23(4), 74-91. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/mepo.12234 URL: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Brynjar_Lia/publication/311438943_Jihadism_in_the_Arab_World_after_2011_Explaining_Its_Expansion/links/58466b9b08ae2d217569da72.pdf

Lia, Brynjar; Nesser, Petter (2016, December): Jihadism in Norway: A Typology of Militant Networks in a Peripheral European Country. Perspectives on Terrorism, 10(6), 121-134. URL: http://www.terrorismanalysts.com/pt/index.php/pot/article/view/563

Lindekilde, Lasse; Bertelsen, Preben; Stohl, Michael (2016): Who Goes, why, and with what Effects: The Problem of Foreign Fighters from Europe. Small Wars & Insurgencies, 27(5), 858-877. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09592318.2016.1208285

Linebarger, Christopher (2015): Civil War Diffusion and the Emergence of Militant Groups, 1960-2001. International Interactions, 41(3), 583-600. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/03050629.2015.984809

Littler, Mark (2017): Rethinking Democracy and Terrorism: A Quantitative Analysis of Attitudes to Democratic Politics and Support for Terrorism in the UK. Behavioral Sciences of Terrorism and Political Aggression, 9(1), 52-61. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/19434472.2016.1245211

Lo, Mbaye Bashir (2016, February): The West’s Freedom Problem and the Root of Islamic Militancy. Small Wars Journal, 2/2016. URL: http://smallwarsjournal.com/jrnl/art/the-west%E2%80%99s-freedom-problem-and-the-root-of-islamic-militancy

Lopez, François (2016, February): If Publicity is the Oxygen of Terrorism – Why Do Terrorists Kill Journalists? Perspectives on Terrorism, 10(1), 65-77. URL: http://www.terrorismanalysts.com/pt/index.php/pot/article/view/490

Lutz, Brenda J.; Lutz, James M. (2015, October): Globalisation and Terrorism in the Middle East. Perspectives on Terrorism, 9(5), 27-46. URL: http://www.terrorismanalysts.com/pt/index.php/pot/article/view/459

Lutz, James M.; Lutz, Brenda J. (2017, April): The Ambiguous Effect of Population Size on the Prevalence of Terrorism. Perspectives on Terrorism, 11(2), 49-57. URL: http://www.terrorismanalysts.com/pt/index.php/pot/article/view/595

Lyall, Gavin (2017, June): Who are the British Jihadists? Identifying Salient Biographical Factors in the Radicalisation Process. Perspectives on Terrorism, 11(3), 62-70. URL: http://www.terrorismanalysts.com/pt/index.php/pot/article/view/609

Lyall, Jason; Blair, Graeme; Imai, Kosuke (2013, November): Explaining Support for Combatants during Wartime: A Survey Experiment in Afghanistan. American Political Science Review, 107(4), 679-705. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055413000403 URL: http://imai.princeton.edu/research/files/afghan.pdf

Magdy, Walid; Darwish, Kareem; Weber, Ingmar (2016, February): #FailedRevolutions: Using Twitter to Study the Antecedents of ISIS Support. First Monday, 21(2). URL: http://firstmonday.org/ojs/index.php/fm/article/view/6372

Malečková, Jitka (2006): Terrorists and the Societies from which they Come. In: Jeff Victoroff (Ed.): Tangled Roots: Social and Psychological Factors in the Genesis of Terrorism. (NATO Security through Science Series – E: Human and Societal Dynamics, Vol. 11). Amsterdam: IOS Press, 147-161.

Malet, David (2015): Foreign Fighter Mobilization and Persistence in a Global Context. Terrorism and Political Violence, 27(3), 454-473. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09546553.2015.1032151

Malik, Muhammad Sohail Anwar et al. (2015): Identification of Risk Factors Generating Terrorism in Pakistan. Terrorism and Political Violence, 27(3), 537-556. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09546553.2013.820184

Malik, Zahra; Zaman, Khalid (2013, November-December): Macroeconomic Consequences of Terrorism in Pakistan. Journal of Policy Modeling, 35(6), 1103-1123. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpolmod.2013.08.002

Malthaner, Stefan; Lindekilde, Lasse (2017): Analyzing Pathways of Lone-Actor Radicalization: A Relational Approach. In: Michael Stohl; Richard Burchill; Scott Englund (Eds.): Constructions of Terrorism: An Interdisciplinary Approach to Research and Policy. Oakland: University of California Press, 163-180.

Malthaner, Stefan; Waldmann, Peter (2014): The Radical Milieu: Conceptualizing the Supportive Social Environment of Terrorist Groups. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, 37(12), 979-998. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1057610X.2014.962441

Maras, Marie-Helen (2014): Motivations of Terrorists and the Psychology of Terrorism. In: The CRC Press Terrorism Reader. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 13-26.

Martin, Gus (2016): Beginnings: The Causes of Terrorism. In: Understanding Terrorism: Challenges, Perspectives, and Issues. (5th ed.). Thousand Oaks: SAGE, 46-74.

Martin, Gus (2017): Causes of Terrorist Violence. In: Essentials of Terrorism: Concepts and Controversies. (4th ed.). Thousand Oaks: SAGE, 42-62.

Martin, Susanne; Perliger, Arie (2012, October): Turning to and from Terror: Deciphering the Conditions under which Political Groups Choose Violent and Nonviolent Tactics. Perspectives on Terrorism, 6(4-5), 21-45. URL: http://www.terrorismanalysts.com/pt/index.php/pot/article/view/215

Mashuri, Ali; Akhrani, Lusy Asa; Zaduqisti, Esti (2016, February): You Are the Real Terrorist and we Are Just your Puppet: Using Individual and Group Factors to Explain Indonesian Muslims’ Attributions of Causes of Terrorism. Europe’s Journal of Psychology, 12(1), 68-98. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5964/ejop.v12i1.1001

McAllister, Bradley; Schmid, Alex P. (2011): Theories of Terrorism. In: Alex P. Schmid (Ed.): The Routledge Handbook of Terrorism Research. (Routledge Handbooks). Abingdon: Routledge, 201-271.

McCarthy, Andrew C. (2014): Does Islam Play a Unique Role in Modern Religious Terrorism? YES: Islam Has a Unique Impact on Modern Terrorism. In: Stuart Gottlieb (Ed.): Debating Terrorism and Counterterrorism: Conflicting Perspectives on Causes, Contexts, and Responses. (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks: CQ Press, 104-117.

McCauley, Clark (2016, August): What Comes after ISIS? A Peace Proposal. Perspectives on Terrorism, 10(4), 64-68. URL: http://www.terrorismanalysts.com/pt/index.php/pot/article/view/528

McCauley, Clark (2017, April): Toward a Psychology of Humiliation in Asymmetric Conflict. American Psychologist, 72(3), 255-265. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/amp0000063 URL: https://www.apa.org/pubs/journals/releases/amp-amp0000063.pdf

McCauley, Clark; Moskalenko, Sophia (2008): Mechanisms of Political Radicalization: Pathways toward Terrorism. Terrorism and Political Violence, 20(3), 415-433. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09546550802073367

McCauley, Clark; Moskalenko, Sophia (2017, April): Understanding Political Radicalization: The Two-Pyramids Model. American Psychologist, 72(3), 205-216. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/amp0000062 URL: http://repository.brynmawr.edu/psych_pubs/60

McGilloway, Angela; Ghosh, Priyo; Bhui, Kamaldeep (2015): A Systematic Review of Pathways to and Processes Associated with Radicalization and Extremism amongst Muslims in Western Societies. International Review of Psychiatry, 27(1), 39-50. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3109/09540261.2014.992008

McGrath, Stephen; Gill, Paul (2014, August): An Exploratory Study on the Impact of Electoral Participation upon a Terrorist Group’s Use of Violence in a Given Year. Perspectives on Terrorism, 8(4), 27-35. URL: http://www.terrorismanalysts.com/pt/index.php/pot/article/view/358

McGregor, Ian; Prentice, Mike; Nash, Kyle (2013, September): Anxious Uncertainty and Reactive Approach Motivation (RAM) for Religious, Idealistic, and Lifestyle Extremes. Journal of Social Issues, 69(3), 537-563. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/josi.12028

McIntyre, Anthony (2016): The Motivation of the Irish Rebel and Resistance to the Label “Terrorist”. In: Marie Breen-Smyth (Ed.): The Ashgate Research Companion to Political Violence. Abingdon: Routledge, 169-184. (Original work published 2012)

Meloy, J. Reid; Pollard, Jeffrey W. (2017, April): Lone-Actor Terrorism and Impulsivity. Journal of Forensic Sciences. Advance Online Publication. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.13500

Michaels, Jay L. (2017): Social Forces Sustaining the Israeli-Palestinian Tensions: A Dynamical Psychology Perspective. International Journal of Conflict and Violence, 11, Article #04. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4119/UNIBI/ijcv.255

Migaux, Philippe (2016): The Roots of Islamic Radicalism. In: Gérard Chaliand; Arnaud Blin (Eds.): The History of Terrorism: From Antiquity to ISIS. (Updated edition). (Edward Schneider; Kathryn Pulver; Jesse Browner, Trans.). Oakland: University of California Press, 255-313.

Mink, Charles (2015-2016, Winter): It’s about the Group, not God: Social Causes and Cures for Terrorism. Journal for Deradicalization, 5, 63-91. URL: http://journals.sfu.ca/jd/index.php/jd/article/view/35

Mironova, Vera; Mrie, Loubna; Whitt, Sam (2014, October): The Motivations of Syrian Islamist Fighters. CTC Sentinel, 7(10), 15-17. URL: https://www.ctc.usma.edu/v2/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/CTCSentinel-Vol7Iss10.pdf

Munroe, Amanda; Moghaddam, Fathali M. (2012): Is Religious Extremism a Major Cause of Terrorism? YES: Religious Extremism as a Major Cause of Terrorism. In: Richard Jackson; Samuel Justin Sinclair (Eds.): Contemporary Debates on Terrorism. Abingdon: Routledge, 121-127.

Murphy, Eamon (2015): Politics, Religion, and the Making of Terrorism in Pakistan and India. In: Randall D. Law (Ed.): The Routledge History of Terrorism. (Routledge Histories). Abingdon: Routledge, 351-366.

Murray, Chris (2016): Crossroads: Tracing the Historical Roots of Modern Insurgency in the Caucasus. In: Scott Nicholas Romaniuk; Stewart Tristan Webb (Eds.): Insurgency and Counterinsurgency in Modern War. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 145-162.

Musgrave, Nina (2015): The Root Causes of Terrorism. In: Caroline Kennedy-Pipe; Gordon Clubb; Simon Mabon (Eds.): Terrorism and Political Violence. London: SAGE, 103-118.

Nacos, Brigitte L. (2009, September): Revisiting the Contagion Hypothesis: Terrorism, News Coverage, and Copycat Attacks. Perspectives on Terrorism, 3(3), 3-13. URL: http://www.terrorismanalysts.com/pt/index.php/pot/article/view/73

Nacos, Brigitte L. (2016): The Making of Terrorists: Causes, Conditions, Influences. In: Terrorism and Counterterrorism. (5th ed.). New York: Routledge, 135-154.

Nance, Malcolm W. (2014): Terrorism 101: Why the Terrorist Chooses this Path. In: Terrorist Recognition Handbook: A Practitioner’s Manual for Predicting and Identifying Terrorist Activities. (3rd ed.). Boca Raton: CRC Press, 39-46.

Neo, Loo Seng et al. (2016): Why Is ISIS so Psychologically Attractive? In: Majeed Khader et al. (Eds.): Combating Violent Extremism and Radicalization in the Digital Era. Hershey: Information Science Reference, 149-167. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-0156-5.ch008

Neo, Loo Seng et al. (2017, January): Developing an Early Screening Guide for Jihadi Terrorism: A Behavioural Analysis of 30 Terror Attacks. Security Journal, 30(1), 227-246. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/sj.2014.44

Nitsch, Holger (2017): Radicalization in a Regional Context: Future Perspective on Possible Terrorist Threats and Radicalization. In: Henrik Legind Larsen et al. (Eds.): Using Open Data to Detect Organized Crime Threats: Factors Driving Future Crime. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 241-259. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-52703-1_11

Nivette, Amy; Eisner, Manuel; Ribeaud, Denis (2017, April): Developmental Predictors of Violent Extremist Attitudes: A Test of General Strain Theory. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency. Advance Online Publication. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0022427817699035

Nonneman, Gerd (2010): “Terrorism” and Political Violence in the Middle East and North Africa: Drivers and Limitations. In: Asaf Siniver (Ed.): International Terrorism Post-9/11: Comparative Dynamics and Responses. (Contemporary Terrorism Studies). Abingdon: Routledge, 12-36.

Noricks, Darcy M. E. (2009): The Root Causes of Terrorism. In: Paul K. Davis; Kim Cragin (Eds.): Social Science for Counterterrorism: Putting the Pieces together. [e-Book]. (RAND Monographs, MG-849-OSD). Santa Monica: RAND Corporation, 11-70. URL: http://www.rand.org/pubs/monographs/MG849.html

Nussio, Enzo; Oppenheim, Ben (2014): Anti-Social Capital in Former Members of Non-State Armed Groups: A Case Study of Colombia. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, 37(12), 999-1023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1057610X.2014.962438

Obajeun, Jonah Ayodele (2016): Radicalization Drivers and De-Radicalization Process: The Case of Tolerance Academy in Nigeria. In: Sara Zeiger (Ed.): Expanding Research on Countering Violent Extremism. Abu Dhabi: Hedayah and Perth: Edith Cowan University, 117-126. URL: http://www.hedayahcenter.org/Admin/Content/File-410201685227.pdf

O’Duffy, Brendan (2008, January): Radical Atmosphere: Explaining Jihadist Radicalization in the UK. PS: Political Science & Politics, 41(1), 37-42. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1049096508080050

Ofongo, Olusegun Anthony (2016, Summer): The Boko Haram Insurgency in Nigeria: What Could Have Been the Precursors? Journal for Deradicalization, 7, 145-163. URL: http://journals.sfu.ca/jd/index.php/jd/article/view/61

O’Neill, Bard E.; Alberts, Donald J. (2007): Responding to Psychological, Social, Economic, and Political Roots of Terrorism. In: James J. F. Forest (Ed.): Countering Terrorism and Insurgency in the 21st Century: International Perspectives. (Vol. 2: Combating the Sources and Facilitators). Westport: Praeger Security International, 305-324.

Özerdem, Alpaslan; Podder, Sukanya (2011, Winter): Disarming Youth Combatants: Mitigating Youth Radicalization and Violent Extremism. Journal of Strategic Security, 4(4), 63-80. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5038/1944-0472.4.4.3

Palm, Niklas (2017, Spring): Radikalisierungsprozesse westlicher Dschihadisten: Eine Untersuchung am Beispiel Denis Cuspert. Journal for Deradicalization, 10, 98-146. URL: http://journals.sfu.ca/jd/index.php/jd/article/view/85

Parachini, John V. (2001): Comparing Motives and Outcomes of Mass Casualty Terrorism Involving Conventional and Unconventional Weapons. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, 24(5), 389-406. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/105761001750434240

Pelletier, Ian R. et al. (2016): Why ISIS’s Message Resonates: Leveraging Islam, Sociopolitical Catalysts, and Adaptive Messaging. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, 39(10), 871-899. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1057610X.2016.1139373

Perešin, Anita (2015, June): Fatal Attraction: Western Muslimas and ISIS. Perspectives on Terrorism, 9(3), 21-38. URL: http://www.terrorismanalysts.com/pt/index.php/pot/article/view/427

Perry, Simon; Hasisi, Badi (2015): Rational Choice Rewards and the Jihadist Suicide Bomber. Terrorism and Political Violence, 27(1), 53-80. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09546553.2014.962991

Peterson, Richard (2007): Violence, Power, and Identity: What Are the Conditions of Terrorism? In: Gail M. Presbey (Ed.): Philosophical Perspectives on the “War on Terrorism”. (Value Inquiry Book Series). Amsterdam: Rodopi, 91-112.

Pettinger, Tom (2015-2016, Winter): What is the Impact of Foreign Military Intervention on Radicalization? Journal for Deradicalization, 5, 92-119. URL: http://journals.sfu.ca/jd/index.php/jd/article/view/36

Piazza, James A. (2014): Does Poverty Serve as a Root Cause of Terrorism? NO: Poverty Is a Weak Causal Link. In: Stuart Gottlieb (Ed.): Debating Terrorism and Counterterrorism: Conflicting Perspectives on Causes, Contexts, and Responses. (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks: CQ Press, 38-51.

Piazza, James A. (2015, August): Characteristics of Terrorism Hotspots. CTX, 5(3), 15-22. URL: https://globalecco.org/documents/10180/682454/CTX+Vol+5+No+3+FINAL+PRINT.pdf

Piazza, James A. (2017): Repression and Terrorism: A Cross-National Empirical Analysis of Types of Repression and Domestic Terrorism. Terrorism and Political Violence, 29(1), 102-118. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09546553.2014.994061

Pisoiu, Daniela (2015): Subcultural Theory Applied to Jihadi and Right-Wing Radicalization in Germany. Terrorism and Political Violence, 27(1), 9-28. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09546553.2014.959406

Pittel, Karen; Rübbelke, Dirk T. G. (2006): What Directs a Terrorist? Defence and Peace Economics, 17(4), 311-328. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10242690600554914 URL: https://ssrn.com/abstract=752845

Polo, Sara M. T.; Gleditsch, Kristian Skrede (2016, November): Twisting Arms and Sending Messages: Terrorist Tactics in Civil War. Journal of Peace Research, 53(6), 815-829. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0022343316667999

Pruyt, Erik; Kwakkel, Jan H. (2014, January-June): Radicalization under Deep Uncertainty: A Multi-Model Exploration of Activism, Extremism, and Terrorism. System Dynamics Review, 30(1-2), 1-28. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/sdr.1510

Puranen, Bi; Welander, Frej (2017): Profiling Violent Actions through Values – An Analysis of the Mindset of People Justifying Violence, MENA Region in Comparison. In: Alessandro Niglia; Amer Al Sabaileh; Amani (Amneh) Hammad (Eds.): Countering Terrorism, Preventing Radicalization and Protecting Cultural Heritage. (NATO Science for Peace and Security Series – E: Human and Societal Dynamics, Vol. 133). Amsterdam: IOS Press, 52-67. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-61499-755-9-52

Puri, Nikhil Raymond (2010, October): The Pakistani Madrassah and Terrorism: Made and Unmade Conclusions from the Literature. Perspectives on Terrorism, 4(4), 51-72. URL: http://www.terrorismanalysts.com/pt/index.php/pot/article/view/116

Pyszczynski, Tom; Motyl, Matt; Abdollahi, Abdolhossein (2009): Righteous Violence: Killing for God, Country, Freedom and Justice. Behavioral Sciences of Terrorism and Political Aggression, 1(1), 12-39. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/19434470802482118

Pyszczynski, Tom; Rothschild, Zachary; Abdollahi, Abdolhossein (2008, October): Terrorism, Violence, and Hope for Peace: A Terror Management Perspective. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 17(5), 318-322. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8721.2008.00598.x

Pyszczynski, Tom et al. (2006): Crusades and Jihads: An Existential Psychological Perspective on the Psychology of Terrorism and Political Extremism. In: Jeff Victoroff (Ed.): Tangled Roots: Social and Psychological Factors in the Genesis of Terrorism. (NATO Security through Science Series – E: Human and Societal Dynamics, Vol. 11). Amsterdam: IOS Press, 85-97.

Ragab, Eman (2017): The Middle East and Foreign Fighters in Syria: Cases of Egypt and the GCC Countries. In: Kacper Rekawek (Ed.): Not only Syria? The Phenomenon of Foreign Fighters in a Comparative Perspective. (NATO Science for Peace and Security Series – E: Human and Societal Dynamics, Vol. 134). Amsterdam: IOS Press, 74-90. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-61499-757-3-74

Rahimi, Sadeq; Graumans, Raissa (2015-2016, Winter): Reconsidering the Relationship between Integration and Radicalization. Journal for Deradicalization, 5, 28-62. URL: http://journals.sfu.ca/jd/index.php/jd/article/view/34

Rahman, Mohammad Azizur (2016, Summer): The Forms and Ecologies of Islamist Militancy and Terrorism in Bangladesh. Journal for Deradicalization, 7, 68-106. URL: http://journals.sfu.ca/jd/index.php/jd/article/view/58

Rahman, Raza et al. (2013, July-December): Motivations for Pakistani Religious Extremists to Become Terrorists. Pakistan Journal of Criminology, 5(2), 87-101. URL: http://www.pakistansocietyofcriminology.com/publications/2014_07_19_2212.pdf

Rak, Joanna (2016): Contra-Acculturative Thought as the Source of Political Violence. Terrorism and Political Violence, 28(2), 363-382. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09546553.2016.1140537

Ramakrishna, Kumar (2017, March): The Growth of ISIS Extremism in Southeast Asia: Its Ideological and Cognitive Features—and Possible Policy Responses. New England Journal of Public Policy, 29(1), Article 6. URL: http://scholarworks.umb.edu/nejpp/vol29/iss1/6/

Ratelle, Jean-François; Souleimanov, Emil Aslan (2017): Retaliation in Rebellion: The Missing Link to Explaining Insurgent Violence in Dagestan. Terrorism and Political Violence, 29(4), 573-592. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09546553.2015.1005076

Raza, Syed Sami; Rafi, Ghazala; Shah, Hassan (2016, July): Susceptibility to Radicalization: A Case Study of Young Women in District Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Criminology, 8(3), 34-57. URL: http://www.pakistansocietyofcriminology.com/publications/2016_09_08_2815.pdf

Reeder, Bryce W. (2015): Rebel Behavior in the Context of Interstate Competition: Exploring Day-to-Day Patterns of Political Violence in Africa. International Interactions, 41(5), 805-831. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/03050629.2015.1052139

Reese, Alex (2016, January): The Country Club Jihad: A Study of North American Radicalization. Small Wars Journal, 1/2016. URL: http://smallwarsjournal.com/jrnl/art/the-country-club-jihad-a-study-of-north-american-radicalization

Regan, Joshua (2017): Select Terrorism Theories. In: Travis Morris; Metodi Hadji-Janev (Eds.): Countering Terrorism in South Eastern Europe. (NATO Science for Peace and Security Series – E: Human and Societal Dynamics, Vol. 131). Amsterdam: IOS Press, 74-81. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-61499-736-8-74

Reinares, Fernando; García-Calvo, Carola; Vicente, Álvaro (2017, June-July): Differential Association Explaining Jihadi Radicalization in Spain: A Quantitative Study. CTC Sentinel, 10(6), 29-34. URL: https://ctc.usma.edu/v2/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/CTC-Sentinel_Vol10Iss6-5.pdf

Richardson, Cara; Berlouis, Katherine M.; Cameron, Paul A. (2017, Summer): Radicalisation of Young Adults in the Balkan States: Counter- Measures, Healthcare Provision, and Community Involvement. Journal for Deradicalization, 11, 87-111. URL: http://journals.sfu.ca/jd/index.php/jd/article/view/102

Riegler, Thomas (2011, May): Addressing Root Causes – The Example of Bruno Kreisky and Austria’s Confrontation with Middle Eastern Terrorism. Perspectives on Terrorism, 5(2), 69-78. URL: http://www.terrorismanalysts.com/pt/index.php/pot/article/view/riegler-addressing-root-causes

Robinson, Leonard C. (2017): Just Terror: The Islamic State’s Use of Strategic “Framing” to Recruit and Motivate. Orbis, 61(2), 172-186. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orbis.2017.02.002

Rogers, M. Brooke et al. (2007): The Role of Religious Fundamentalism in Terrorist Violence: A Social Psychological Analysis. International Review of Psychiatry, 19(3), 253-262. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09540260701349399

Rosenau, William et al. (2014): Why they Join, why they Fight, and why they Leave: Learning from Colombia’s Database of Demobilized Militants. Terrorism and Political Violence, 26(2), 277-285. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09546553.2012.700658

Ross, Jeffrey Ian (2006): Exploring the Causes. In: Political Terrorism: An Interdisciplinary Approach. New York: Peter Lang, 77-94.

Ross, Jeffrey Ian (2009): The Primacy of Grievance as a Structural Cause of Oppositional Political Terrorism: Comparing Al Fatah, FARC, and PIRA. In: David Canter (Ed.): The Faces of Terrorism: Multidisciplinary Perspectives. Chichester: Wiley, 75-96. URL: https://works.bepress.com/jeffreyianross/17/download

Rothenberger, Liane; Müller, Kathrin (2015): Categorizing Terrorist Entities Listed by the European Union According to Terrorist Groups’ Underlying Motives. conflict & communication online, 14(2). URL: http://www.cco.regener-online.de/2015_2/abstr_engl/rothenberger-mueller_abstr_engl.html

Rougier, Bernard (2015): Defending an Imagined Umma: The Path to Terrorism. In: The Sunni Tragedy in the Middle East: Northern Lebanon from al-Qaeda to ISIS. (Trans.). (Princeton Studies in Muslim Politics). Princeton: Princeton University Press, 26-57.

Roul, Animesh (2016, May): How Bangladesh Became Fertile Ground for al-Qa`ida and the Islamic State. CTC Sentinel, 9(5), 27-34. URL: https://www.ctc.usma.edu/v2/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/CTC-SENTINEL_Vol9Iss59.pdf

Rowley, Matthew (2014): What Causes Religious Violence? Three Hundred Claimed Contributing Causes. Journal of Religion and Violence, 2(3), 361-402. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5840/jrv20153234

Saathoff, Gregory (2017, March): Suicide Terrorism: Performance Violence as Public Plunge. New England Journal of Public Policy, 29(1), Article 8. URL: http://scholarworks.umb.edu/nejpp/vol29/iss1/8

Sageman, Marc (2008): Understanding the Path to Radicalism. In: Leaderless Jihad: Terror Networks in the Twenty-First Century. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 3-12.

Sageman, Marc (2008, July): A Strategy for Fighting International Islamist Terrorists. The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 618(1), 223-231. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0002716208317051

Saifudeen, Omer Ali (2016): Getting out of the Armchair: Potential Tipping Points for Online Radicalisation. In: Majeed Khader et al. (Eds.): Combating Violent Extremism and Radicalization in the Digital Era. Hershey: Information Science Reference, 129-148. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-0156-5.ch007

Saiya, Nilay (2015, December): Religion, Democracy and Terrorism. Perspectives on Terrorism, 9(6), 51-59. URL: http://www.terrorismanalysts.com/pt/index.php/pot/article/view/471

Saiya, Nilay; Scime, Anthony (2015, November): Explaining Religious Terrorism: A Data-Mined Analysis. Conflict Management and Peace Science, 32(5), 487-512. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0738894214559667

Salman, Aneela (2015): Green Houses for Terrorism: Measuring the Impact of Gender Equality Attitudes and Outcomes as Deterrents of Terrorism. International Journal of Comparative and Applied Criminal Justice, 39(4), 281-306. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/01924036.2015.1018285

Savage, Sara (2011, Winter): Four Lessons from the Study of Fundamentalism and Psychology of Religion. Journal of Strategic Security, 4(4), 131-150. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5038/1944-0472.4.4.6

Sawalha, Ihab Hanna (2017): A Context-Centred, Root Cause Analysis of Contemporary Terrorism. Disaster Prevention and Management, 26(2), 183-202. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/DPM-07-2016-0140

Sawyer, John P.; Hienz, Justin (2017): What Makes them Do it? Individual Level Indicators of Extremist Outcomes. In: Gary LaFree; Joshua D. Freilich (Eds.): The Handbook of the Criminology of Terrorism. (Wiley Handbooks in Criminology and Criminal Justice). Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell, 47-61.

Schettler, Leon Valentin (2016): A Call for Recognition – On the Causes of Political Islamism in Western Europe. JEX, 4, 48-75. URL: http://journals.sfu.ca/jed/index.php/jex/article/view/152

Schils, Nele (2017): Understanding how and why Young People Enter Radical or Violent Extremist Groups. International Journal of Conflict and Violence, 11, Article #02. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4119/UNIBI/ijcv.473

Schils, Nele; Pauwels, Lieven J. R. (2014, Fall): Explaining Violent Extremism for Subgroups by Gender and Immigrant Background, Using SAT as a Framework. Journal of Strategic Security, 7(3), 27-47. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5038/1944-0472.7.3.2

Schils, Nele; Pauwels, Lieven J. R. (2016, Summer): Political Violence and the Mediating Role of Violent Extremist Propensities. Journal of Strategic Security, 9(2), 70-91. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5038/1944-0472.9.2.1491

Schmid, Alex P. (2005): Root Causes of Terrorism: Some Conceptual Notes, a Set of Indicators, and a Model. Democracy and Security, 1(2), 127-136. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/17419160500321139

Schmid, Alex P.; Wesley, Robert (2006): Possible Causes and Motives of Nuclear and Radiological Terrorism in the Light of Empirical Data on Smuggling Incidents of Nuclear Materials. In: Jeff Victoroff (Ed.): Tangled Roots: Social and Psychological Factors in the Genesis of Terrorism. (NATO Security through Science Series – E: Human and Societal Dynamics, Vol. 11). Amsterdam: IOS Press, 357-398.

Schneider, Emily; Weingarten, Elizabeth (2015, Spring): Beyond the Jihadi Bride: Our Distorted Understanding of Women’s Motivations to Join Extremist Organizations. The Journal on Terrorism and Security Analysis, 10, 79-84. URL: http://satsa.syr.edu/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/JTSA_Spring_2015.pdf

Schuurman, Bart; Horgan, John G. (2016, March-April): Rationales for Terrorist Violence in Homegrown Jihadist Groups: A Case Study from the Netherlands. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 27, 55-63. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2016.02.005 URL: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Bart_Schuurman/publication/294110023_Rationales_for_terrorist_violence_in_homegrown_jihadist_groups_A_case_study_from_The_Netherlands/links/56d7fb0708aee1aa5f75d2fb/Rationales-for-terrorist-violence-in-homegrown-jihadist-groups-A-case-study-from-The-Netherlands.pdf

Seifert, Katherine R.; McCauley, Clark (2014): Suicide Bombers in Iraq, 2003-2010: Disaggregating Targets Can Reveal Insurgent Motives and Priorities. Terrorism and Political Violence, 26(5), 803-820. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09546553.2013.778198 URL: http://repository.brynmawr.edu/psych_pubs/38

Sela-Shayovitz, Revital (2007): Suicide Bombers in Israel: Their Motivations, Characteristics, and Prior Activity in Terrorist Organizations. International Journal of Conflict and Violence, 1(2), 160-168. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4119/UNIBI/ijcv.13

Sheikh, Jakob (2016, December): “I Just Said It. The State”: Examining the Motivations for Danish Foreign Fighting in Syria. Perspectives on Terrorism, 10(6), 59-67. URL: http://www.terrorismanalysts.com/pt/index.php/pot/article/view/557

Shepherd, Steven et al. (2011, September): Evidence for the Specificity of Control Motivations in Worldview Defense: Distinguishing Compensatory Control from Uncertainty Management and Terror Management Processes. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 47(5), 949-958. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2011.03.026 URL: http://people.ku.edu/~mjlandau/docs/Shepherd_compensatory%20control_JESP%202011.pdf

Shichor, David (2017, August): Adopting a White-Collar Crime Theoretical Framework for the Analysis of Terrorism. Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice, 33(3), 254-272. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1043986217699314

Silke, Andrew (2012): Fire of Iolaus: The Role of State Countermeasures in Causing Terrorism and what Needs to be Done. In: John Horgan; Kurt Braddock (Eds.): Terrorism Studies: A Reader. Abingdon: Routledge, 345-357.

Silke, Andrew (2014): What Causes Terrorism? In: Terrorism: All that Matters. London: Hodder & Stoughton, 43-60.

Simon, Jeffrey D. (2015): Lone Wolf Terrorism: Understanding the Growing Threat. In: Aaron Richman; Yair Sharan (Eds.): Lone Actors – An Emerging Security Threat. (NATO Science for Peace and Security Series – E: Human and Societal Dynamics, Vol. 123). Amsterdam: IOS Press, 3-10. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-61499-585-2-3

Sinai, Joshua (2008): Resolving a Terrorist Insurgency by Addressing its Root Causes. In: Hsinchun Chen et al. (Eds.): Terrorism Informatics: Knowledge Management and Data Mining for Homeland Security. (Integrated Series in Information Systems). New York: Springer, 101-114.

Sinai, Joshua (2009): Using the Internet to Uncover Terrorism’s Root Causes. In: James J. F. Forest (Ed.): Influence Warfare: How Terrorists and Governments Fight to Shape Perceptions in a War of Ideas. Westport: Praeger Security International, 241-252.

Smelser, Neil J. (2007): Part II: Causes and Dynamics. In: The Faces of Terrorism: Social and Psychological Dimensions. (Science Essentials). Princeton: Princeton University Press, 9-120.

Smith, Benjamin K. et al. (2016, August): Framing Daesh: Failures and Consequences. Perspectives on Terrorism, 10(4), 42-52. URL: http://www.terrorismanalysts.com/pt/index.php/pot/article/view/526

Smith, Paul J. (2015): The Terrorism ahead: Root Causes and Future Prospects. In: The Terrorism Ahead: Confronting Transnational Violence in the Twenty-First Century. Abingdon: Routledge, 167-192. (Original work published 2008)

Snow, David; Byrd, Scott (2007, June): Ideology, Framing Processes, and Islamic Terrorist Movements. Mobilization, 12(2), 119-136. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17813/maiq.12.2.5717148712w21410

Solomon, Hussein (2016): Why do they Join? Understanding Islamist Radicalization and Recruitment in Africa. per Concordiam, 7(4), 22-25. URL: http://perconcordiam.com/perCon_V7N4_ENG_hires.pdf

Speckhard, Anne (2016, December-January): Brides of ISIS: The Internet Seduction of Western Females into ISIS. Homeland Security Today, 13(1), 38-40. URL: http://edition.pagesuite-professional.co.uk//launch.aspx?eid=0d492b24-092f-4b2c-8132-b3a895356fc8

Speckhard, Anne; Yayla, Ahmet S. (2015, December): Eyewitness Accounts from Recent Defectors from Islamic State: Why they Joined, what they Saw, why they Quit. Perspectives on Terrorism, 9(6), 95-118. URL: http://www.terrorismanalysts.com/pt/index.php/pot/article/view/475

Spence, Keith (2012): Suicide Terrorism: Media Representations and Strategic Communication. In: Kenan Tokgöz (Ed.): Enhancing Cooperation in Defence against Terrorism. (NATO Science for Peace and Security Series – E: Human and Societal Dynamics, Vol. 99). Amsterdam: IOS Press, 81-104. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-61499-103-8-81

Staub, Ervin (2016): The Origins and Inhibiting Influences in Genocide, Mass Killing and other Collective Violence. In: Marie Breen-Smyth (Ed.): The Ashgate Research Companion to Political Violence. Abingdon: Routledge, 205-224. (Original work published 2012)

Steed, Brian L. (2016): The Attraction of ISIS. In: ISIS: An Introduction and Guide to the Islamic State. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO, 53-58.

Stern, Jessica (2016, November): Radicalization to Extremism and Mobilization to Violence: What have we Learned and what Can we Do about it? The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 668(1), 102-117. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0002716216673807

Stevens, David; O’Hara, Kieron (2015): The Demand Side: The Motivations of Suicide Bombers. In: The Devil’s Long Tail: Religious and other Radicals in the Internet Marketplace. London: C. Hurst & Co., 151-174.

Syed, Shabib Haider; Saeed, Luqman; Martin, Roger P. (2015): Causes and Incentives for Terrorism in Pakistan. Journal of Applied Security Research, 10(2), 181-206. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/19361610.2015.1004606

Takaoka, Yutaka (2016, Spring): Analysis of the Resource Mobilization Mechanism of the Islamic State. Perceptions, 21(1), 11-26. URL: http://sam.gov.tr/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/perceptions_Spring2016111-26.pdf

Taylor, Max; Horgan, John (2012): A Conceptual Framework for Addressing Psychological Process in the Development of the Terrorist. In: John Horgan; Kurt Braddock (Eds.): Terrorism Studies: A Reader. Abingdon: Routledge, 130-144.

Thompson, Nathan (2016): Root Cause Approach to Prisoner Radicalisation. Salus Journal, 4(3), 18-33. URL: http://scci.csu.edu.au/salusjournal/wp-content/uploads/sites/29/2016/11/Salus_Journal_Volume_4_Number_3_2016.pdf

Thompson, Robin L. (2011, Winter): Radicalization and the Use of Social Media. Journal of Strategic Security, 4(4), 167-190. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5038/1944-0472.4.4.8

Tollefsen, Andreas Forø; Buhaug, Halvard (2015, March): Insurgency and Inaccessibility. International Studies Review, 17(1), 6-25. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/misr.12202

Toros, Harmonie (2016): From Dissent to Revolution: Politics and Violence. In: Marie Breen-Smyth (Ed.): The Ashgate Research Companion to Political Violence. Abingdon: Routledge, 119-136. (Original work published 2012)

Tosini, Domenico (2010): Calculated, Passionate, Pious Extremism: Beyond a Rational Choice Theory of Suicide Terrorism. Asian Journal of Social Science, 38(3), 394-415. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/156853110X499945

Tsintsadze-Maass, Eteri; Maass, Richard W. (2014): Groupthink and Terrorist Radicalization. Terrorism and Political Violence, 26(5), 735-758. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09546553.2013.805094

Tuathail, Gearóid Ó (2009, January): Placing Blame: Making Sense of Beslan. Political Geography, 28(1), 4-15. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polgeo.2009.01.007 URL: http://www.colorado.edu/ibs/waroutcomes/docs/GT_Beslan_09.pdf

Tyner, Evan (2016, January): Do Territorial Control and the Loss of Territory Determine the Use of Indiscriminate Violence by Incumbent Actors? An Examination of the Syrian Civil War in Aleppo over 45 Weeks. Journal of Terrorism Research, 7(1), 52-66. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15664/jtr.812

van den Berge, Wietse (2016): The Cleavage in Syrian Kurdish Politics: Equality versus Non-Violence. In: Sara Zeiger (Ed.): Expanding Research on Countering Violent Extremism. Abu Dhabi: Hedayah and Perth: Edith Cowan University, 55-70. URL: http://www.hedayahcenter.org/Admin/Content/File-410201685227.pdf

Van Milders, Lucas (2017): Interpretation, Judgement and Dialogue: A Hermeneutical Recollection of Causal Analysis in Critical Terrorism Studies. Critical Studies on Terrorism, 10(2), 220-239. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/17539153.2017.1335383

van San, Marion (2015, October): Lost Souls Searching for Answers? Belgian and Dutch Converts Joining the Islamic State. Perspectives on Terrorism, 9(5), 47-56. URL: http://www.terrorismanalysts.com/pt/index.php/pot/article/view/460

Vaturi, Asher; Sharan, Yair (2015): Lone Wolves and Black Sheep in the Modern Urban Jungle – Loneliness as a Source for Terror Threats in Modern Cities. In: Aaron Richman; Yair Sharan (Eds.): Lone Actors – An Emerging Security Threat. (NATO Science for Peace and Security Series – E: Human and Societal Dynamics, Vol. 123). Amsterdam: IOS Press, 252-263. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-61499-585-2-252

Vergani, Matteo; Bliuc, Ana-Maria (2015): The Evolution of the ISIS’ Language: A Quantitative Analysis of the Language of the First Year of Dabiq Magazine. Sicurezza, Terrorismo e Società, 2/2015, 7-20. URL: http://www.sicurezzaterrorismosocieta.it/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/Vergani-Bliuc_SicTerSoc_book-2.pdf

Verwimp, Philip (2016, December): Foreign Fighters in Syria and Iraq and the Socio-Economic Environment they Faced at Home: A Comparison of European Countries. Perspectives on Terrorism, 10(6), 68-81. URL: http://www.terrorismanalysts.com/pt/index.php/pot/article/view/558

Victoroff, Jeff; Adelman, Janice (2016): Why do Individuals Resort to Political Violence? Approaches to the Psychology of Terrorism. In: Marie Breen-Smyth (Ed.): The Ashgate Research Companion to Political Violence. Abingdon: Routledge, 137-168. (Original work published 2012)

Victoroff, Jeff et al. (2006): Sympathy for Terrorism: Possible Interaction between Social, Emotional, and Neuroendocrine Risk Factors. In: Jeff Victoroff (Ed.): Tangled Roots: Social and Psychological Factors in the Genesis of Terrorism. (NATO Security through Science Series – E: Human and Societal Dynamics, Vol. 11). Amsterdam: IOS Press, 227-234.

Vogel, Heiner (2016): Verstehen lernen. JEX, 3, 52-56. URL: http://journals.sfu.ca/jed/index.php/jex/article/view/144

von Hippel, Karin (2007): Responding to the Roots of Terror. In: Magnus Ranstorp (Ed.): Mapping Terrorism Research: State of the Art, Gaps and Future Direction. (Political Violence). Abingdon: Routledge, 94-105.

von Hippel, Karin (2014): Does Poverty Serve as a Root Cause of Terrorism? YES: Poverty Is an Important Cause. In: Stuart Gottlieb (Ed.): Debating Terrorism and Counterterrorism: Conflicting Perspectives on Causes, Contexts, and Responses. (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks: CQ Press, 52-68.

Wali, Farhaan (2016): Functionality of Radicalization: A Case Study of Hizb ut-Tahrir. Journal of Strategic Security, 10(1), 102-117. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5038/1944-0472.10.1.1525

Warren Roger P. (2016): Ideological Motivations of Arab Foreign Fighters as Insurgents and Terrorists: From 1980s Afghanistan to the Syrian Insurgency. In: Scott Nicholas Romaniuk; Stewart Tristan Webb (Eds.): Insurgency and Counterinsurgency in Modern War. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 53-72.

Webber, David; Kruglanski, Arie W. (2018, February): The Social Psychological Makings of a Terrorist. Current Opinion in Psychology, 19, 131-134. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2017.03.024

Weinberg, Leonard (2012): Turning to Terror: The Conditions under which Political Parties Turn to Terrorist Activities. In: John Horgan; Kurt Braddock (Eds.): Terrorism Studies: A Reader. Abingdon: Routledge, 115-129.

White, Gabriel (2017, February): Exploring the Primordial Foundation of the Syrian Civil War: Incentives for Ethno-Religious Group Mobilization in Conflict. Small Wars Journal, 2/2017. URL: http://smallwarsjournal.com/jrnl/art/exploring-the-primordial-foundation-of-the-syrian-civil-war-incentives-for-ethno-religiou-0

Wilson, Lydia (2017, March): Understanding the Appeal of ISIS. New England Journal of Public Policy, 29(1), Article 5. URL: http://scholarworks.umb.edu/nejpp/vol29/iss1/5

Woodall, Douglas R. (2014, March): Understanding Radicalization and Terrorist Violence today. Counter Terrorist Trends and Analyses, 6(2), 4-9. URL: https://www.rsis.edu.sg/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/CTTA-March14.pdf

Wright, Joshua D. (2016, February): Why is Contemporary Religious Terrorism Predominantly Linked to Islam? Four Possible Psychosocial Factors. Perspectives on Terrorism, 10(1), 19-31. URL: http://www.terrorismanalysts.com/pt/index.php/pot/article/view/486

Yilmaz, Kamil; Güneştaş, Murat; Başibüyük, Oğuzhan (2016): Cyber Terrorism: Motivation and Method on Global Scale and the Situation in Turkey. In: Sıddık Ekici et al. (Eds.): Countering Terrorist Recruitment in the Context of Armed Counter-Terrorism Operations. (NATO Science for Peace and Security Series – E: Human and Societal Dynamics, Vol. 125). Amsterdam: IOS Press, 82-101. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-61499-613-2-82

Yom, Sean; Sammour, Katrina (2017, April): Counterterrorism and Youth Radicalization in Jordan: Social and Political Dimensions. CTC Sentinel, 10(4), 25-30. URL: https://www.ctc.usma.edu/v2/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/CTC-Sentinel_Vol10Iss45.pdf

Younas, Javed; Sandler, Todd (2017, March): Gender Imbalance and Terrorism in Developing Countries. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 61(3), 483-510. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0022002715603102

Yusoufzai, Khouwaga; Emmerling, Franziska (2017, February): Explaining Violent Radicalization in Western Muslims: A Four Factor Model. Journal of Terrorism Research, 8(1), 68-80. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15664/jtr.1292 ;URL: https://jtr.st-andrews.ac.uk/articles/10.15664/jtr.1292/galley/978/download/ .

Zahedzadeh, Giti (2015, September): Parochial Altruists or Ideologues? An Agent Based Model of Commitment to Self Sacrifice. Journal of Terrorism Research, 6(3), 1-14. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15664/jtr.1004

Zahedzadeh, Giti; Barraza, Jorge A.; Zak, Paul J. (2017): Persuasive Narratives and Costly Actions. Terrorism and Political Violence, 29(1), 160-172. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09546553.2015.1005077

Zegart, Amy (2015, Summer): Insider Threats and Organizational Root Causes: The 2009 Fort Hood Terrorist Attack. Parameters, 45(2), 35-46. URL: http://ssi.armywarcollege.edu/pubs/parameters/Issues/Summer_2015/7_Zegart.pdf

Zekulin, Michael; Anderson, T. D. (2016): Contemporary Terrorism and the True Believer. Behavioral Sciences of Terrorism and Political Aggression, 8(3), 177-196. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/19434472.2016.1151456

Zelin, Aaron Y. (2016, August): Foreign Fighter Motivations. In: Matthew Levitt (Ed.): The Rise of ISIL: Counterterrorism Lectures 2015. (The Washington Institute for Near East Policy, Policy Focus 148; Counterterrorism Lecture Series, Vol. 7). Washington, DC: The Washington Institute for Near East Policy, 59-64. URL: http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/view/the-rise-of-isil-counterterrorism-lectures-2015

Ziolkowski, Britt (2017, March): Die „Muhajirat“: Warum reisen Frauen ins Herrschaftsgebiet des IS? Die Kriminalpolizei, 03/2017. URL: http://www.kriminalpolizei.de/ausgaben/2017/maerz/detailansicht-maerz/artikel/die-muhajirat.html

Grey Literature

Afzal, Madiha (2015, April): Education and Attitudes in Pakistan: Understanding Perceptions of Terrorism. (USIP Special Report 367). URL: https://www.usip.org/publications/2015/04/education-and-attitudes-pakistan

Ahmed, Kawser; Fergusson, James; Salt, Alexander (2014, November): Perceptions of Muslim Faith, Ethno-Cultural Community-Based and Student Organizations in Countering Domestic Terrorism in Canada. (TSAS Working Paper Series, No. 14-12). URL: http://tsas.ca/tsas_library_entry/tsas-wp14-12-perceptions-of-muslim-faith-ethno-cultural-community-based-and-student-organizations-in-countering-domestic-terrorism-in-canada

Allan, Harriet et al. (2015, October): Drivers of Violent Extremism: Hypotheses and Literature Review. (RUSI Review). URL: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/57a0899d40f0b64974000192/Drivers_of_Radicalisation_Literature_Review.pdf

Al Raffie, Dina (2015, October): The Identity-Extremism Nexus: Countering Islamist Extremism in the West. (GW Program on Extremism Occasional Paper). URL: https://extremism.gwu.edu/sites/extremism.gwu.edu/files/downloads/Al%20Raffie.pdf

Bakker, Edwin; de Leede, Seran (2015, April): European Female Jihadists in Syria: Exploring an Under-Researched Topic. (ICCT Background Note). DOI: https://doi.org/10.19165/2015.2.02

Bakker, Edwin; Grol, Peter (2015, July): Motives and Considerations of Potential Foreign Fighters from the Netherlands. (ICCT Policy Brief). DOI: https://doi.org/10.19165/2015.2.03

Bartlett, Jamie; Birdwell, Jonathan; King, Michael (2010, December): The Edge of Violence. (DEMOS Report). URL: https://www.demos.co.uk/project/the-edge-of-violence-2

Benmelech, Efraim; Klor, Esteban F. (2016, April): What Explains the Flow of Foreign Fighters to ISIS? (NBER Working Paper No. 22190). Available from http://www.nber.org/papers/w22190.pdf

Bhatia, Kartika; Ghanem, Hafez (2017, March): How do Education and Unemployment Affect Support for Violent Extremism? Evidence from Eight Arab Countries. (Brookings Global Economy & Development Working Paper Series, No. 102). URL: https://www.brookings.edu/research/how-do-education-and-unemployment-affect-support-for-violent-extremism

Botha, Anneli et al. (2017, February): Understanding Nigerian Citizens’ Perspectives on Boko Haram. (ISS Monograph Number 196). URL: https://issafrica.org/research/monographs/understanding-nigerian-citizens-perspectives-on-boko-haram

Bourekba, Moussa (2016, May): Countering Violent Extremism in the Mena Region: Time to Rethink Approaches and Strategies. (EuroMeSCo Policy Brief, No. 63). URL: http://www.iai.it/en/pubblicazioni/countering-violent-extremism-mena-region

Canadian Security Intelligence Service (CSIS) (2016, January): The Foreign Fighters Phenomenon and Related Security Trends in the Middle East: Highlights from the Workshop. (World Watch: Expert Notes Series Publication No. 2016-01-01). URL: https://www.csis-scrs.gc.ca/pblctns/wrldwtch/2016/20160129-en.pdf

Canadian Security Intelligence Service (CSIS) (2016, May): Al-Qaeda, ISIL and their Offspring: Understanding the Reach and Expansion of Violent Islamist Extremism: Highlights from the Workshop. (World Watch: Expert Notes Series Publication No. 2016-05-02). URL: https://www.csis-scrs.gc.ca/pblctns/wrldwtch/2016/2016-05-02/20160502-en.php

Christmann, Kris (2012, November): Preventing Religious Radicalisation and Violent Extremism: A Systematic Review of the Research Evidence. (YJB Systematical Review). URL: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/preventing-religious-radicalisation-and-violent-extremism

Connable, Ben (2013, February): Leveraging Development Aid to Address Root Causes in Counterinsurgency: Balancing Theory and Practice in “Hold” and “Build”. (RAND Working Papers, WR-983-USG). URL: https://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/working_papers/WR900/WR983/RAND_WR983.pdf

Cordesman, Anthony H. (2017, January): Rethinking the Threat of Islamic Extremism: The Changes Needed in U.S. Strategy. (CSIS Report). URL: https://www.csis.org/analysis/major-new-report-rethinking-threat-islamic-extremism-changes-needed-us-strategy

Cordesman, Anthony H. (2017, February): Tracking the Trends and Numbers: Islam, Terrorism, Stability and Conflict in the Middle East. (CSIS Working Draft). URL: https://www.csis.org/analysis/tracking-trends-and-numbers-islam-terrorism-stability-and-conflict-middle-east

Dawson, Lorne L. (2017, January): Sketch of a Social Ecology Model for Explaining Homegrown Terrorist Radicalisation. (ICCT Research Note). DOI: https://doi.org/10.19165/2017.1.01

Dawson, Lorne L.; Amarasingam, Amarnath; Bain, Alexandra (2016, July): Talking to Foreign Fighters: Socio-Economic Push versus Existential Pull Factors. (TSAS Working Paper Series, No. 16-14). URL: http://tsas.ca/tsas_library_entry/tsas-wp16-14-talking-to-foreign-fighters-socio-economic-push-versus-existential-pull-factors

Denoeux, Guilain; Carter, Lynn (2009, February): Guide to the Drivers of Violent Extremism. (USAID Guide). URL: http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/Pnadt978.pdf

Dessì, Andrea (2015, December): Radicalisation in the Mediterranean Region: Old and New Drivers. (Documenti IAI 15 | 27). URL: http://www.iai.it/en/pubblicazioni/radicalisation-mediterranean-region

Dodwell, Brian; Milton, Daniel; Rassler, Don (2016, December): Then and Now: Comparing the Flow of Foreign Fighters to AQI and the Islamic State. (CTC Report). URL: https://www.ctc.usma.edu/posts/then-and-now-comparing-the-flow-of-foreign-fighters-to-aqi-and-the-islamic-state

Ducol, Benjamin (2013, October): Les dimensions émotionnelles du terrorisme. (TSAS Working Paper Series, No. 13-03). URL: http://tsas.ca/tsas_library_entry/tsas-wp13-03-les-dimensions-emotionnelles-du-terrorisme-the-emotional-dimensions-of-terrorism

European Institute of Peace (EIP) (2017, June): Molenbeek and Violent Radicalisation: “A Social Mapping”. (Project Report). URL: https://view.publitas.com/eip/eip-molenbeek-report-16-06

Farasin, Fadi; Battaloglu, Cihat; Bensaid, Adam Atauallah (2017, February): What is Causing Radicalism in the MENA? (ACRPS Research Paper). URL: http://english.dohainstitute.org/release/867dd9e6-7ad3-421c-9f73-ca1dfd9662ad

Francis, Matthew (2012, January): What Causes Radicalisation? Main Lines of Consensus in Recent Research. (Radicalisation Research Guide). URL: http://www.radicalisationresearch.org/guides/francis-2012-causes-2

Gürbüz, Mustafa (2016, June): The “Glocal” Effect: Rethinking Religious Nationalism and Radicalization. (Brookings Rethinking Political Islam Series). URL: https://www.brookings.edu/research/the-glocal-effect-rethinking-religious-nationalism-and-radicalization

Horgan, John G. et al. (2016, June): Across the Universe? A Comparative Analysis of Violent Behavior and Radicalization across Three Offender Types with Implications for Criminal Justice Training and Education: Final Report. (Research Report submitted to the U.S. Department of Justice). URL: https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/249937.pdf

House of Commons, Home Affairs Committee (2012, January): Roots of Violent Radicalisation. (Report). URL: https://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm201012/cmselect/cmhaff/1446/144602.htm

Institute for Economics and Peace (IEP), The (2016): Correlates & Drivers of Terrorism. In: Global Terrorism Index 2016. (Report), 69-76. URL: http://economicsandpeace.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/Global-Terrorism-Index-2016.2.pdf

Institute for Policy Analysis of Conflict (IPAC) (2016, May): ISIS in Ambon: The Fallout from Communal Conflict. (IPAC Report No. 28). URL: http://www.understandingconflict.org/en/conflict/read/51/ISIS-in-Ambon-The-Fallout-from-Communal-Conflict

Kelly, Terrence K. et al. (2017): Knowing the Enemy: Understanding the Islamic State and Principles for Defeating it. (RAND Perspectives, PE-200-A). DOI: https://doi.org/10.7249/PE200

Knott, Kim et al. (2006, October): The Roots, Practices and Consequences of Terrorism: A Literature Review of Research in the Arts & Humanities: Final Report. (University of Leeds Report for the Home Office). URL: https://www.leeds.ac.uk/arts/download/826/the_roots_practices_and_consequences_of_terrorism

Koos, Carlo (2014, March): Does Violence Pay? The Effect of Ethnic Rebellion on Overcoming Political Deprivation. (GIGA Working Papers, No 244). URL: https://www.giga-hamburg.de/de/publication/does-violence-pay-the-effect-of-ethnic-rebellion-on-overcoming-political-deprivation

Lia, Brynjar (2016): Jihadism in the Arab World after 2011: Explaining its Expansion. (NewME Report). URL: http://www.hf.uio.no/ikos/english/research/projects/new-middle-east/publications/2015-2016/bl-r-2016.pdf

Lia, Brynjar; Skjølberg, Katja (2004): Causes of Terrorism: An Expanded and Updated Review of the Literature. (FFI FFI/RAPPORT-2004/04307). URL: http://rapporter.ffi.no/rapporter/2004/04307.pdf

MacLean, Jesse (2014, November): Can “Dangerous Speech” be Used to Explain “Lone-Wolf” Terrorism? (TSAS Working Paper Series, No. 14-11). URL: http://tsas.ca/tsas_library_entry/tsas-wp14-11-can-dangerous-speech-be-used-in-explaining-lone-wolf-terrorism

Mans, Kim; Tuitel, Ruben (2016, October): Foreign Fighters in their own Words: Using YouTube as a Source. (ICCT Report). URL: https://icct.nl/publication/foreign-fighters-in-their-own-words-using-youtube-as-a-source

McCauley, Clark; Quiggin, Thomas; Moskalenko, Sophia (2016, August): Momin Khawaja: Mechanisms of Radicalization. (START; Final Report to the Office of University Programs, Science and Technology Directorate, U.S. Department of Homeland Security). URL: http://www.start.umd.edu/publication/momin-khawaja-mechanisms-radicalization

Meleagrou-Hitchens, Alexander; Kaderbhai, Nick (2017, May): Research Perspectives on Online Radicalisation: A Literature Review, 2006-2016. (VOX-Pol Report). URL: http://www.voxpol.eu/download/vox-pol_publication/DCUJ4985_Lit_Review_020517_final_web.pdf

Paulussen, Christophe; Nijman, Janne; Lismont, Karlien (2017, March): Mental Health and the Foreign Fighter Phenomenon: A Case Study from the Netherlands. (ICCT Report). URL: https://icct.nl/publication/mental-health-and-the-foreign-fighter-phenomenon-a-case-study-from-the-netherlands

Perliger, Arie (2015, February): The Rationale of Political Assassinations. (CTC Report). URL: https://www.ctc.usma.edu/posts/the-rationale-of-political-assassinations

Perliger, Arie; Milton, Daniel (2016, November): From Cradle to Grave: The Lifecycle of Foreign Fighters in Iraq and Syria. (CTC Report). URL: https://www.ctc.usma.edu/posts/from-cradle-to-grave-the-lifecycle-of-foreign-fighters-in-iraq-and-syria

Quantum Communications (2015, March): Understanding Jihadists: In their own Words. (The White Papers, Issue 2). URL: https://now.mmedia.me/lb/en/specialreports/565067-understanding-jihadists-in-their-own-words

Rosiny, Stephan (2016, July): Brutalisation as a Survival Strategy: How the “Islamic State” is Prolonging its Doomsday Battle. (GIGA Working Papers, No. 288). URL: https://www.giga-hamburg.de/de/publication/brutalisation-as-a-survival-strategy-how-the-islamic-state-is-prolonging-its-doomsday

Roy, Olivier (2015, November): What is the Driving Force behind Jihadist Terrorism? – A Scientific Perspective on the Causes/Circumstances of Joining the Scene. Speech given at the BKA Autumn Conference, “International Terrorism: How Can Prevention and Repression Keep Pace?”, 18-19 November, 2015. URL: https://life.eui.eu/wp-content/uploads/sites/7/2015/11/OLIVIER-ROY-what-is-a-radical-islamist.pdf

Schmid, Alex P. (2016, May): Links between Terrorism and Migration: An Exploration. (ICCT Research Paper). DOI: https://doi.org/10.19165/2016.1.04

Schmid, Alex P. (Author); Tinnes, Judith (Bibliographer) (2015, December): Foreign (Terrorist) Fighters with IS: A European Perspective. (ICCT Research Paper). DOI: https://doi.org/10.19165/2015.1.08

Schuurman, Bart; Grol, Peter; Flower, Scott (2016, June): Converts and Islamist Terrorism: An Introduction. (ICCT Policy Brief). DOI: https://doi.org/10.19165/2016.2.03

Sharma, Kunaal (2016, November): What Causes Extremist Attitudes among Sunni and Shia Youth? Evidence from Northern India. (GW Program on Extremism Occasional Paper). URL: https://extremism.gwu.edu/sites/extremism.gwu.edu/files/downloads/Sharma.pdf

Shaver, Andrew C. (2016, May): Employment Status and Support for Wartime Violence: Evidence from the Iraq War. (ESOC Working Paper No. 1). URL: https://esoc.princeton.edu/wp1

Slootman, Marieke; Tillie, Jean (2006, October): Processes of Radicalisation: Why some Amsterdam Muslims become Radicals. (IMES Report). URL: www.uva.nl/binaries/content/documents/personalpages/s/l/m.w.slootman/nl/tabblad-een/tabblad-een/cpitem%5B4%5D/asset?1355372801133

SMA Program Office (Ed.) (2017, January): Sources of Extremism. (SMA CENTCOM Reach-back Reports, Part 5). URL: http://nsiteam.com/sma-reachback-part-5-sources-of-extremism

Smith, Melanie; Barton, Sabine; Birdwell, Jonathan (2016, February): Lone-Actor Terrorism: Policy Paper 3: Motivations, Political Engagement and Online Activity. (CLAT Project; Countering Lone-Actor Terrorism Series, No. 7). URL: https://rusi.org/publication/other-publications/lone-actor-terrorism-policy-paper-3-motivations-political-engagement

Speckhard, Anne (2017, March): The Jihad in Jordan: Drivers of Radicalization into Violent Extremism in Jordan. (ICSVE Research Reports). URL: http://www.icsve.org/research-reports/the-jihad-in-jordan-drivers-of-radicalization-into-violent-extremism-in-jordan

Speckhard, Anne; Shajkovci, Ardian (2017, April): Drivers of Radicalization and Violent Extremism in Kosovo: Women’s Roles in Supporting, Preventing & Fighting Violent Extremism. (ICSVE Research Reports). URL: http://www.icsve.org/research-reports/drivers-of-radicalization-and-violent-extremism-in-kosovo-womens-roles-in-supporting-preventing-fighting-violent-extremism

Sude, Barbara; Stebbins, David; Weilant, Sarah (2015): Lessening the Risk of Refugee Radicalization: Lessons for the Middle East from Past Crises. (RAND Perspectives, PE-166-OSD). DOI: https://doi.org/10.7249/PE166

Teich, Sarah (2016, February): Islamic Radicalization in Belgium. (ICT Paper). URL: https://www.ict.org.il/Article/1595/Islamic-Radicalization-In-Belgium

Wiktorowicz, Quintan (2004): Joining the Cause: Al-Muhajiroun and Radical Islam. (Rhodes College Research Paper). URL: http://insct.syr.edu/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/Wiktorowicz.Joining-the-Cause.pdf

Note

Whenever retrievable, URLs for freely available versions of subscription-based publications have been provided. Thanks to the Open Access movement, self-archiving of publications in institutional repositories or on author homepages for free public use (so-called Green Open Access) has become more common. Please note, that the content of Green Open Access documents is not necessarily identical to the officially published versions (e.g., in case of pre-prints); it might therefore not have passed through all editorial stages publishers employ to ensure quality control (peer review, copy and layout editing etc.). In some cases, articles may only be cited after getting consent by the author(s).

About the Compiler: Judith Tinnes, Ph.D., is a Professional Information Specialist. Since 2011, she works for the Leibniz Institute for Psychology Information (ZPID). Additionally, she serves as Information Resources Editor to ‘Perspectives on Terrorism’. In her editorial role, she regularly compiles bibliographies and other resources for Terrorism Research. She wrote her doctoral thesis on Internet usage of Islamist terrorists and insurgents (focus: media-oriented hostage takings). E-mail: [email protected]