Egypt
 

1517 - 18 Dec 1914 (de facto 13 Sep 1881)    Mameluke Flag to 1798, 1801-05 25 Jul 1798 - 27 Jul 1801   27 Jul 1801 - 16 Mar 1803   c.1867 - 1881   1881 - 10 Dec 1923   10 Dec 1923 - 22 Feb 1958  18 Jun 1953 - 22 Feb 1958 Revolution Flag  22 Feb 1958 - 31 Dec 1971  1 Jan 1972 - 4 Oct 1984 Adopted 4 Oct 1984 Map of Egypt ---------------------------- Map of Administrative Divisions  Hear National Anthem "Bilady, Bilady, Bilady" (My Homeland, My Homeland, My Homeland) Adopted 1979 -------------------------------------- Hear Former UAR Anthem (22 Feb 1958-20 May 1960) Former National Anthem "Walla Zaman Ya Selahy" (Oh for Ages, My Weapon) (20 May 1960-1979) -------------------------------------- Former National Anthem title to 1953: "Salam Affandina" (Long Life to Affandina); title 1958-1958: "Es Salaam el Gamhoury el Masry" (Egyptian Republican Anthem) (c.1871-22 Feb 1958) Constitution (18 Jan 2014) ----------------------------------- 2012 Constitution  (25 Dec 2012-18 Jan 2014,  suspended from 3 Jul 2013) ------------------------------------- Former Constitution  (11 Sep 1971 - 25 Dec 2012;  suspended from 13 Feb 2011) ----------------------------------- Provisional UAR Constitution (5 Mar 1958-27 Sep 1962; continues in EGY to 11 Sep 1971) Capital: Cairo (al-Fustat 642-750, 905-973; al-Askar 750-868; al-Qatai  868-905; Alexandria 332 BC-642 AD) Currency: Egyptian Pound (EGP); 1805-1885 Egyptian Piastre (EGQ) National Holiday: 23 Jul (1952) Eid al-Thawra (Revolution Day) Population: 97,041,072 (2017) GDP: $1.19 trillion (2017) Exports: $25.53 billion (2017) Imports: $53.02 billion (2017) Ethnic groups: Egyptian 99.6%, other 0.4% (2006) Total Active Armed Forces: 468,500 (2010) U.S. Forces: 301 (2012) Merchant marine: 399 ships (2017) Religions: Muslim (predominantly Sunni) 90%, Christian (majority  Coptic Orthodox, other Christians include Armenian Apostolic,  Catholic, Maronite, Orthodox, and Anglican) 10% (2015) International Organizations/Treaties: ABEDA, ACC, ACS (observer), AfDB, AFESD, AIIB, AL, AMF, Arabsat, AU, BSEC (observer), BTWC (signatory), CAEU, CD, CEN-SAD, CICA, COMESA, CTBT (signatory), D-8, EBRD, ENMOD, ESCR, FAO, G-15, G-24, G-77, GAFTA, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt (signatory), ICRM, ICSID, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, IRENA, ISA, ISESCO, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, MIGA, NAM, NATO (mediterranean dialogue), NPT, NTBT, OAPEC, OAS (observer), OIC, OIF, OPEC (observer), OSCE (partner), OST, PAM, PCA, UN, UNCLOS, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFCC, UNFCC-KP, UNFCC-PA, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNRWA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO Egypt Index Chronology   c.3200 BC                  Upper (Southern) and Lower (Northern) Egypt united                              (Kingdom of Egypt) under the rule of the Pharaohs. c.2686 BC � c.2181 BC      Old Kingdom period.     2589 BC - 2566 BC          Reign of Pharaoh Khufu (Cheops), builder of the                              Great Pyramid of Giza. c.2055 BC � c.1650 BC      Middle Kingdom period.     c.1650 BC - c.1550 BC      Northern Egypt under Hyksos rule. c.1550 BC � c.1077 BC      New Kingdom period. c.1478 BC - 1458 BC        Reign of Pharaoh Hatshepsut (f). 1353 BC - 1336 BC          Reign of Pharaoh Akhenaten (Amenhotep IV). 1279 BC - 1213 BC          Reign of Pharaoh Ramesses II "the Great" May? 1274 BC               Battle of Kadesh between Egypt and Hittite Empire. 744 BC � 656 BC            Under Kushite (Nubian) rule. 671 BC - 612 BC            Part of Assyrian Empire, ruled by vassal Pharaohs. 526 BC - 404 BC            Part of the Persian Empire (as Mudraya satrapy). 404 BC - 343 BC            Kingdom of Egypt (restored). 343 BC - 332 BC            Part of the Persian Empire. Dec 332 BC -  7 Nov 305    Part of Macedonia (under Alexander "the Great"                              to Jun 323 BC).  7 Nov 305 BC-23 Aug 30 BC (Ptolemaic) Kingdom of Egypt. 55 BC - 32 BC              Egypt a vassal kingdom of the Roman Republic. 51 BC � 12 Aug 30 BC       Reign of Queen Cleopatra VII Philopator. 36 BC                      Egypt under Cleopatra VII granted Cilicia, Crete,                              Cyprus (already from 43 BC), Cyrene, Coele-Syria,                              Syria, Phoenicia and Arabia Petraea by Rome in the                              Donations of Antioch. In 34 BC Marcus Antonius                              (Marc Antony) gives Cleopatra and her children                              further domains in Armenia, Asia Minor, Greece and                              Libya in the Donations of Alexandria, which are not                              recognized by Rome.  2 Sep 31                  Forces of Queen Cleopatra VII and Marcus Antonius are                              defeated by Rome under Gaius Octavianus (Octavian)                              at the Battle of Actium (�ktion). 23 Aug 30 BC - Oct 270 AD  Part of the Roman Empire (as Provincia Aegypti). Oct 270 - 272              Part of the Palmyrene Empire. 272 - 17 Jan 395           Part of the Roman Empire. 17 Jan 395 - 619           Part of Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Empire (as                              Aig�ptou province). 619 - 629                  Part of the Sasanian Empire (as Agiptus province). 629 - 642                  Eastern Roman (Byzantine) rule restored. 12 Dec 639                 Arab Muslim invasion begins. Jan 640                    Arab Muslim armies take Pelusium (Pelousion) and                              in Mar 640, Belbeis (Phelbes), and in Jul 640                               Heliopolis.  8 Nov 641                 Arab - Byzantine truce, Byzantines agree to evacuate                              Alexandria (completed on 17 Sep 642; End 645 -                              Summer 646 Byzantine re-occupation of Alexandria). 642                        Part of the Caliphate (Umayyad 661-750, Abbasid                              Caliphate 25 Jan 750-5 Jan 909, Fatimid Caliphate                              5 Jan 909 - 1171 and Ayyubid Caliphate 1171 - 2                              May 1250).  8 Nov 1219 - 29 Aug 1221  Damietta occupied by the Latin Crusaders.  6 Jun 1249 -  8 May 1250  Damietta occupied by Latin Crusaders under Louis IX.  2 May 1250                Mameluke Sultanate of Egypt.  9 Oct 1365 - 12 Oct 1365  Alexandria sacked by the Latin Crusaders. 24 Jan 1517                Part of the Ottoman Empire (as Eyalet-i Mısr). 1769 -  1 Aug 1775         De facto Mameluke Beylicate (under Ottoman                              suzerainty) 21 Jul 1798                Battle of the Pyramids, France under Napoleon defeats                              Egyptian Mameluke forces. 25 Jul 1798 -  3 Sep 1801  French occupation (�gypte)(Cairo 25 Jul 1798 - 18 Jun                              1801, Alexandria 2 Jul 1798 - 3 Sep 1801, Suez                              Nov 1798 - Sep 1800, Aswan 2 Feb - 26 May 1799).                              On 30 Jan 1799, French Egypt is divided into 16                              provinces headed by a French military governor. 27 Jul 1801 - 16 Mar 1803  British occupation.  9 Jul 1805                Muhammad `Ali dynasty informally inaugurated. 20 Mar 1807 - 23 Sep 1807  British occupy Alexandria under Alexander                              Mackenzie Fraser (b. 1758 - d. 1809). 12 Jun 1821 - 26 Jan 1885  Annexation of The Sudan.  6 May 1833 - Jan 1841     Egypt annexes Syria (incl. Lebanon, Palestine) and                              to administer Crete, Adana, Hejaz by Convention of                              K�tahya (revoked buy the Convention of London                              of 27 Nov 1840).  8 Jun 1867                Khediviate of Egypt (under Ottoman suzerainty). 25 Aug 1882 - 13 Jun 1956  Britain administers the Suez Canal. 14 Sep 1882                Occupied by Britain (formally still under                              Ottoman suzerainty).  8 May 1892                Sinai peninsula administration granted to Egypt                              by Ottoman Sultan.   3 May 1906                Sinai transferred to Egypt by Ottoman Empire. 18 Dec 1914                British protectorate declared.  19 Dec 1914                Egyptian Sultanate (under British protection). 16 Mar 1922                Egyptian Kingdom 14 Nov 1936                Full independence. 13 Sep 1940 - 17 Dec 1940  Italian occupation of Sollum (13 Sep - 17 Dec 1940)                              and Sidi Barrani (16 Sep - 11 Dec 1940). 28 Apr 1941 -  7 Nov 1942  German occupation of Sollum (28 Apr 1941 - 12 Jan                              1942 & 25 Jun - 12 Nov 1942), Sidi Barrani (25                              Jun - 12 Nov 1942) and Mersa Matruh (29 Jun - 7                              Nov 1942).   14 May 1948 -  6 Jun 1967  Egyptian administration of the Gaza Strip. 18 Jun 1953                Republic of Egypt 26 Jul 1956                Egypt nationalizes the Suez Canal. 29 Oct 1956 -  7 Nov 1956  Suez Crisis, intervention by U.K, France and Israel.  2 Nov 1956 -  7 Mar 1957  Sinai peninsula and Gaza Strip occupied by Israel. 22 Feb 1958                United Arab Republic (united with Syria to 28 Sep                              1961).  8 Mar 1958 - 26 Dec 1961  United Arab Republic federated with North Yemen                              in a lose confederation called United Arab States. 6/12 Jun 1967-25 Apr 1982  Sinai peninsula occupied by Israel. 11 Sep 1971                Arab Republic of Egypt  1 Jan 1972 - 19 Nov 1977  Part of Federation of Arab Republics (Egypt, Libya,                              and Syria). Suez Canal Authority (1858-1956) Coptic Orthodox Church Coptic Catholic Church Orthodox Patriarchate of Alexandria Map of Sinai Peninsula Historical Maps of Egypt

Mameluke Beys (de facto rulers)
1768 - 13 Apr 1773         `Ali Bey al-Kabir, Sheikh al-Balad (b. 1727/28 - d. 1773)
                             (from 1769, adopts the style Sultan)
176. - 1769                Human Abu Yusuf
                             (head of Hawwara Arabs de facto ruler in Upper Egypt)
13 Apr 1773 - 10 Jun 1775  Muhammad Bey Abu` al-Dhahab        (b. 1735 - d. 1775)
26 Jun 1775 - Aug 1777     Triumvirate
                           - Murad Bey, emir al-Hajj          (b. 1750 - d. 1801)
                             (1st time) (military governor)
                           - Ibrahim Bey, Sheikh al-Balad     (b. 1735 - d. 1816)
                             (1st time) (civil governor)
                           - Yusuf Bey, emir al-Hajj
                             (head of the Mecca Pligrims)
Aug 1777 - Feb 1778        Isma`il Bey, Sheikh al-Balad       (b. c.1735 - d. 1791)
                            (1st time)
Feb 1778 - 1786            Murad Bey, emir al-Hajj (2nd time) (s.a.)
                           - jointly with -
Feb 1778 - 1786            Isma`il Bey, Sheikh al-Balad       (s.a.)
                             (2nd time) 
1786 - 1790                Triumvirate
                           - Isma`il Bey, Sheikh al-Balad     (s.a.)
                             (4th time)
                           - `Ali Bey Defterdar
                           - Hasan Bey, Amir al-Haji
1790 - 25 Jul 1798         Murad Bey, Amir al-Hajj            (s.a.)
                             (3rd time)
                           - joint ruler with -
1790 - 25 Jul 1798         Ibrahim Bey, Sheikh al-Balad       (s.a.)
                             (2nd time)
25 Jul 1798 - 1800         French Administration
 5 Apr 1800 - 1801         Murad Bey, emir al-Hajj            (s.a.)
                             (4th time)
                           - jointly with -
1800 - 1801                Ibrahim Bey, Sheikh al-Balad       (s.a.)
                             (3rd time)
                             (in opposition to French rule)
Apr 1801 - 12 Mar 1804     Osman Bardisi, Sheikh al-Balad     (b. 17.. - d. 1806)
                            (in opposition to French rule to 27 Jun 1801)
                           - jointly with the following two -
1802 - Mar 1803            Muhammad Elfi Bey                  (b. 17.. - d. 1807)
Apr 1803 - 13 Apr 1804     Ibrahim Bey, Sheikh al-Balad       (s.a.) 
                             (4th time) 

Beylerbeys (governors)
 9 Oct 1699 -  6 May 1704  Kara Mehmed Pasha (1st time)       (d. 1722)
 7 May 1704 -  7 Oct 1704  Baltaci S�leyman Pasha
                             (did not take office)
 7 Oct 1704 - 31 Aug 1706  Rami Mehmed Pasha                  (b. 1645 - d. 1706)
 1 Sep 1706 - Sep 1707     Dellak Ali Pasha (1st time)
Sep 1707 - 28 Oct 1709     Damat Hasan Pasha (2nd time)       (b. c.1658 - d. 1713)
28 Oct 1709 - Aug 1710     "Morali" Ibrahim Pasha             (d. 1725)
Aug 1710 - 30 Jul 1711     K�se Halil Pasha                   (d. 1715)
30 Jul 1711 - 1712         Veli Mehmed Pasha (1st time)       (d. 1716)
1712                       Kara Mehmed Pasha (2nd time)       (s.a.)
1712 - 1714                Veli Mehmed Pasha (2nd time)       (s.a.)
 1 Sep 1714 - 1716         Abdi Pasha (1st time)
 1 Jul 1717 -  9 Sep 1720  Dellak Ali Pasha (2nd time)
10 Sep 1720 - 30 Apr 1721  Recep Pasha                        (d. 1726)
 1 May 1721 - 30 Sep 1725  Nişanci Mehmed Pasha (1st time)    (b. 1670 - d. 1728)
 1 Oct 1725 - Feb 1726     "Morali" `Ali Pasha                (d. 1735)
Feb 1726 - 29 Sep 1727     Nişancı Mehmed Pasha (2nd time)    (s.a.)
30 Sep 1727 - Oct 1727     Abdi Pasha (2nd time)
Oct 1727 - 1729            Ebubekir Pasha (1st time)          (b. 1670 - d. 1757/58)
1729                       Abdi Pasha (2nd time)
11 Jul 1729 - 1731         K�pr�l� Abdullah Pasha             (b. 1684 - d. 1735)
1731 - 1733                Silahdar Damat Mehmed Pasha        (d. 1737)
 1 Jul 1733 - 1735         Muhassil Osman Pasha               (d. 1750)
1735 - 1739                Ebubekir Pasha (2nd time)          (s.a.)
1739 - 1740                Sulayman Pasha al-Azm              (d. 1743)
1740 - 1741                `Ali (Hakimzade) Pasha (1st time)  (b. 1689 - d. 1758)
1741 -  3 Jul 1743         Hatibzade Yahya Pasha              (d. 1755)
Jul 1743 - 28 Feb 1744     Muhammad Sa`id Pasha (1st time)    (d. 1761)
 1 Mar 1744 - 31 Aug 1748  Koca Mehmet Ragip Pasha            (b. 1689 - d. 1763)
 1 Sep 1748 - Jan 1752     Nişanci Ahmed Pasha                (d. 1753)
Jan 1752 - Dec 1752        Muahmmad Melek Pasha               (b. 1719/20 - d. 1802)
Dec 1752 - Oct 1755        Hassan ash-Sharawi
Oct 1755 - Dec 1756        `Ali (Hakimzade) Pasha             (s.a.)
                             Pasha (2nd time)
Dec 1756 - 29 Apr 1757     Sa'deddin Pasha al-Azm             (d. 1762)
30 Apr 1757 - 1758         Muhammad Sa`id Pasha (2nd time)    (s.a.)
1758 - 1761                K�se Bahir Mustafa Pasha (1st time)(d. 1765)
1761                       Kamil Ahmed Pasha
1761 - 1762                K�se Bahir Mustafa Pasha (2nd time)(s.a.)
1762                       Ebubekir Rasim Pasha               (d. 1762)
1762 - 1764                Ahiskali Mehmed Pasha              (d. 1767)
1764 - Sep 1764            Haci Ahmed Pasha                   (d. 1764)
1764 - 1765                Macar Haci Hasan Pasha             (d. 1768)
1765 - 1767                Silahdar Mahir Hamza Pasha         (b. 1727/28 - d. 1768)
1767                       �elebi Mehmed Pasha
1767 - 1768                Raquim Mehmed Pasha
1768 - 1769                Ali Bey Al-Kabir (acting)          (s.a.)
1769                       K�pr�l� Hafiz Ahmed Pasha
1769 - 1771                Kelleci Osman Pasha                (d. 1774)
1772 - 1773                Vekil Osman Pasha                  (d. 1773)
1773 - 1774                Kara Halil Pasha                   (d. 1775)
1774 - 1775                Haci Ibrahim Pasha
1775 - 15 Jul 1778         Izzet Mehmed Pasha                 (b. 1723 - d. 1784)
23 Jan 1779 - Sep 1779     Raif Ismail Pasha (1st time)       (d. 1785)
Sep 1779 - Nov 1779        Ibrahim Pasha                      (d. 1779)
Nov 1779 - Jul 1780        Raif Ismail Pasha (2nd time)       (s.a.)
1780 - 1781                Ibrahim Bey (1st time)             (s.a.)
Feb 1781 - Jul 1782        Melek Mehmed Pasha
Jul 1782 - Jul 1783        Sharif (Şerif) Pasha (?)
1783 - 30 Oct 1784         Silahdar Mehmed Pasha
1784 - 1785                Murad Bey                          (s.a.)
1785                       Ibrahim Bey (2nd time)             (s.a.)
1785 - 1786                Yeğen Seyyid Mehmed Pasha
17 Aug 1786 - 1787         Cezayirli Gazi Hasan Pasha (acting)(b. 1713 - d. 1790)
30 Apr 1787 - Dec 1788     Keki 'Abidi Pasha (1st time)       (d. 1789)
Dec 1788 -  3 Jan 1789     Ismail Pasha (1st time)            (d. 1792)
 3 Jan 1789 - 30 Jan 1789  Keki 'Abidi Pasha (2nd time)       (s.a.)
30 Jan 1789 - 1791         Ismail Pasha (2nd time)            (s.a.)
May 1791 � Sep 1794        Safranbolulu Izzet Mehmet Pasha    (b. 1743 � d. 1812)
15 Oct 1794 �  7 Jun 1796  Kayserili Haci Salih Pasha         (d. 1801/02)
1796 - 1798                Lokmaci Haci Ebubekir Pasha
 3 Nov 1798 - 1799         Abdullah Pasha al-Azm              (d. 1810)
                             (confirmed by the French)
Aug 1799 - 10 Aug 1801     Nasuh Pasha al-Azm                 (d. 1809)
                             (arrived Feb 1800)
French Military Commanders of the Arm�e d'Orient
 2 Jul 1798 - 22 Aug 1799  Napol�on Bonaparte                 (b. 1769 - d. 1821)
22 Aug 1799 - 14 Jun 1800  Jean-Baptiste Kl�ber               (b. 1753 - d. 1800)
14 Jun 1800 - 31 Aug 1801  (Abdallah) Jacques Fran�ois de     (b. 1750 - d. 1810)
                             Menou
British Military Commanders
 8 Mar 1801 - 21 Mar 1801  Sir Ralph Abercromby               (b. 1734 - d. 1801)
21 Mar 1801 - Oct 1801     John Hely-Hutchinson               (b. 1757 - d. 1832)
Oct 1801 - Jul 1802        Richard Ford William Lambart,      (b. 1763 - d. 1836)
                             Earl of Cavan
Jul 1802 - 16 Mar 1803     Sir John Stewart                   (b. 1751 - d. 1815)
Walis (governors)(from 9 Jul 1805, hereditary governors)
10 Aug 1801 - Jan 1802     Kucuk Hussein Pasha                (b. 1758 - d. 1803)
1801 -  8 Jan 1802         Ebu Merak Mehmed Pasha
22 Jan 1802 -  3 May 1803  H�srev (Khusrau) Mehmed Pasha      (b. 1769 - d. 1855)
                             (1st time)
 3 May 1803 - Jun 1803     Taher Pasha                        (b. 17.. - d. 1818)
Jun 1803                   M�ftizade Ahmed Pasha              (d. 1824)
Jun 1803 - Jul 1803        Khurshid Ahmed Pasha (1st time)    (d. 1822)
Jul 1803 - 31 Jan 1804     `Ali Pasha Jazairli                (b. 17.. - d. 1804)
31 Jan 1804 - Mar 1804     Othman Al Bardeisy (acting)
12 Mar 1804 � 14 Mar 1804  H�srev (Khusrau) Mehmed Pasha      (s.a.)
                             (2nd time)
Mar 1804 -  9 Jul 1805     Khurshid Ahmed Pasha (2nd time)    (s.a.)
 9 Jul 1805 -  1 Sep 1848  Muhammad `Ali Pasha (1st time)     (b. 1769 - d. 1849)
 1 Sep 1848 - 10 Nov 1848  Ibrahim Pasha                      (b. 1789 - d. 1848)
10 Nov 1848 -  2 Aug 1849  Muhammad `Ali Pasha (2nd time)     (s.a.)
 2 Aug 1849 - 13 Jul 1854  `Abbas Hilmi Pasha                 (b. 1813 - d. 1854)
13 Jul 1854 - 18 Jan 1863  Muhammad Sa`id Pasha               (b. 1822 - d. 1863)
18 Jan 1863 -  8 Jun 1867  Isma`il Pasha                      (b. 1830 - d. 1895)
Khedives� (viceroys)
 8 Jun 1867 - 26 Jun 1879  Isma`il Pasha                      (s.a.)
26 Jun 1879 -  7 Jan 1892  Muhammad Tawfiq Pasha              (b. 1852 - d. 1892)
 8 Jan 1892 - 19 Dec 1914  `Abbas Hilmi Pasha                 (b. 1874 - d. 1944)
Sultans�
19 Dec 1914 -  9 Oct 1917  Hussein Kamil                      (b. 1853 - d. 1917)
 9 Oct 1917 - 16 Mar 1922  Ahmad Fuad                         (b. 1868 - d. 1936)
Kings�
16 Mar 1922 - 28 Apr 1936  Fuad I                             (s.a.)
28 Apr 1936 - 26 Jul 1952  Faruq I                            (b. 1920 - d. 1965)
28 Apr 1936 - 29 Jul 1937  Prince Muhammad Ali                (b. 1875 - d. 1955)  Non-party
                             (chairman Council of Regency)
26 Jul 1952 - 18 Jun 1953  Fuad II                            (b. 1952)
26 Jul 1952 -  5 Aug 1952  Ali Mahir Pasha -Regent(ex officio)(b. 1882 - d. 1960)  IP 
 5 Aug 1952 - 18 Jun 1953  Prince Muhammad Abdul Moneim       (b. 1899 - d. 1979)  Non-party
                             (chairman Council of Regency; from 14 Oct 1952 sole regent)
Presidents
18 Jun 1953 - 25 Feb 1954  Muhammad Naguib (1st time)         (b. 1901 - d. 1984)  Mil/LR
25 Feb 1954 - 27 Feb 1954  Gamal Abdel Nasser (1st time)      (b. 1918 - d. 1970)  Mil/LR
                             (chairman Revolutionary Command Council)
27 Feb 1954 - 14 Nov 1954  Muhammad Naguib (2nd time)         (s.a.)               Mil/LR
14 Nov 1954 - 28 Sep 1970  Gamal Abdel Nasser (2nd time)      (s.a.)      Mil;1957 NU;1962 ASU
                             (chairman Revolutionary Command Council to 25 Jun 1956)
28 Sep 1970 -  6 Oct 1981  Anwar as-Sadat                     (b. 1918 - d. 1981) ASU;1978 HDW
                             (acting to 17 Oct 1970)
 6 Oct 1981 - 14 Oct 1981  Sufi Abu Taleb (acting)            (b. 1925 - d. 2008)  HDW
14 Oct 1981 - 11 Feb 2011  Muhammad Hosni Mubarak             (b. 1928)            HDW
20 Jun 2004 -  7 Jul 2004  Atef Ebeid (acting for Mubarak)    (b. 1932 - d. 2014)  HDW
 6 Mar 2010 - 27 Mar 2010  Ahmed Nazif (acting for Mubarak)   (b. 1952)            HDW
10 Feb 2011 - 11 Feb 2011  Omar Suleiman (acting for Mubarak) (b. 1936 - d. 2012)  Non-party
11 Feb 2011 - 30 Jun 2012  Muhammad Hussein Tantawi           (b. 1935)            Mil
                             (Head of Supreme Council of the Armed Forces)
30 Jun 2012 -  3 Jul 2013  Muhammad Morsi Isa al-Ayyat        (b. 1951)            Non-party
 4 Jul 2013 -  8 Jun 2014  Adli Mansour (interim)             (b. 1945)            Non-party
 8 Jun 2014 -              Abdel Fattah al-Sisi               (b. 1954)            Non-party

Grand Viziers
1808 - 1823?               Muhammad Lazoghli Pasha
                             (= Muhammad Laz)
1857 - 1858                Zulfiqar Pasha (1st time)
1858 - 1861                Mustafa Pasha
1861 - 1864                Zulfiqar Pasha (2nd time)
1864 - 1866                Ismail Raghib Pasha (1st time)     (b. 1819 - d. 1884)
                             (acting)
1866 - Sep 1867            Muhammad Sharif Pasha (1st time)   (b. 1823 - d. 1887)
Sep 1867 - Sep 1868        Ismail Raghib Pasha (2nd time)     (s.a.)
                             (acting)
Sep 1868 - 1872            Muhammad Sharif Pasha (2nd time)   (s.a.)
1872                       Boghos Nubar Pasha                 (b. 1825 - d. 1899)
1872 - 28 Aug 1878         Prince Muhammad Tawfiq Pasha       (s.a.)
Prime ministers
28 Aug 1878 - 23 Feb 1879  Boghos Nubar Pasha (1st time)      (s.a.)
23 Feb 1879 - 10 Mar 1879  Khedive Isma`il Pasha              (s.a.)
10 Mar 1879 -  7 Apr 1879  Prince Muhammad Tawfiq Pasha       (s.a.)
                             (1st time)
 7 Apr 1879 - 18 Aug 1879  Muhammad Sharif Pasha (1st time)   (s.a.)
18 Aug 1879 - 21 Sep 1879  Khedive Muhammad Tawfiq Pasha      (s.a.)
                             (2nd time) 
21 Sep 1879 - 10 Sep 1881  Riyad Pasha (1st time)             (b. 1836 - d. 1911)
14 Sep 1881 -  4 Feb 1882  Muhammad Sharif Pasha (2nd time)   (s.a.)
 4 Feb 1882 - 26 May 1882  Mahmoud Sami al-Baroudi            (b. 1838 - d. 1904)
18 Jun 1882 - 21 Aug 1882  Ismail Raghib Pasha                (s.a.) 
Jul 1882 - 13 Sep 1882     Arabi Pasha (in rebellion)         (b. 1841 - d. 1911)  Mil
21 Aug 1882 -  7 Jan 1884  Muhammad Sharif Pasha (5th time)   (s.a.)
10 Jan 1884 -  9 Jun 1888  Boghos Nubar Pasha (2nd time)      (s.a.)
 9 Jun 1888 - 12 May 1891  Riyad Pasha (2nd time)             (s.a.)
12 May 1891 - 15 Jan 1893  Mustafa Fahmi Pasha (1st time)     (b. 1840 - d. 1914)
15 Jan 1893 - 17 Jan 1893  Hussein Fakhri Pasha               (b. 1843 - d. 1910)
17 Jan 1893 - 16 Apr 1894  Riyad Pasha (3rd time)             (s.a.)
16 Apr 1894 - 12 Nov 1895  Boghos Nubar Pasha (3rd time)      (s.a.)
12 Nov 1895 - 12 Nov 1908  Mustafa Fahmi Pasha (2nd time)     (s.a.)
12 Nov 1908 - 21 Feb 1910  Boutros Ghali Pasha                (b. 1847 - d. 1910)
22 Feb 1910 -  5 Apr 1914  Muhammad Said Pasha (1st time)     (b. 1863 - d. 1928)
 5 Apr 1914 - 12 Apr 1919  Hussein Rushdi Pasha               (b. 1863 - d. 1928)
21 May 1919 - 19 Nov 1919  Muhammad Said Pasha (2nd time)     (s.a.)
19 Nov 1919 - 20 May 1920  Yusuf Wahba Pasha                  (b. 1865 - d. 1933)
20 May 1920 - 16 Mar 1921  Muhammad Tawfiq Nasim Pasha        (b. 1874 - d. 1938)
                             (1st time) 
16 Mar 1921 -  1 Mar 1922  Adli Yakan Pasha (1st time)        (b. 1864 - d. 1933)  LCP
 1 Mar 1922 - 30 Nov 1922  Abdel Khalek Sarwat Pasha          (b. 1873 - d. 1928)  LCP
                             (1st time) 
30 Nov 1922 - 15 Mar 1923  Muhammad Tawfiq Nasim Pasha        (s.a.)
                             (2nd time)
15 Mar 1923 - 26 Jan 1924  Yahya Ibrahim Pasha                (b. 1861 - d. 1936)
26 Jan 1924 - 24 Nov 1924  Saad Zaghlul Pasha                 (b. 1857 - d. 1927)  WM 
24 Nov 1924 -  7 Jun 1926  Ahmad Ziwar Pasha                  (b. 1864 - d. 1945)  FP
 7 Jun 1926 - 26 Apr 1927  Adli Yakan Pasha (2nd time)        (s.a.)               LCP
26 Apr 1927 - 16 Mar 1928  Abdel Khalek Sarwat Pasha          (s.a.)               LCP
                             (2nd time) 
16 Mar 1928 - 27 Jun 1928  Mustafa an-Nahhas Pasha (1st time) (b. 1879 - d. 1965)  WM
27 Jun 1928 -  4 Oct 1929  Muhammad Mahmoud Pasha (1st time)  (b. 1877 - d. 1941)  LCP
 4 Oct 1929 -  1 Jan 1930  Adli Yakan Pasha (3rd time)        (s.a.)               LCP
 1 Jan 1930 - 20 Jun 1930  Mustafa an-Nahhas Pasha (2nd time) (s.a.)               WM
20 Jun 1930 - 22 Sep 1933  Ismail Sedki Pasha (1st time)      (b. 1875 - d. 1950)  HS
22 Sep 1933 - 15 Nov 1934  Abdel Fattah Yahya Ibrahim Pasha   (b. 1876 - d. 1951)  IP
15 Nov 1934 - 30 Jan 1936  Muhammad Tawfiq Nasim Pasha        (s.a.)               IP
                             (3rd time) 
30 Jan 1936 -  9 May 1936  Ali Maher Pasha (1st time)         (s.a.)               IP
 9 May 1936 - 29 Dec 1937  Mustafa an-Nahhas Pasha (3rd time) (s.a.)               WM 
29 Dec 1937 - 18 Aug 1939  Muhammad Mahmoud Pasha (2nd time)  (s.a.)               WM
18 Aug 1939 - 28 Jun 1940  Ali Maher Pasha (2nd time)         (s.a.)               IP
28 Jun 1940 - 14 Nov 1940  Hassan Sabry Pasha                 (b. 1879 - d. 1940)  Non-party
15 Nov 1940 -  5 Feb 1942  Hussein Sirri Pasha (1st time)     (b. 1894 - d. 1960)  Non-party
 5 Feb 1942 - 10 Oct 1944  Mustafa an-Nahhas Pasha (4th time) (s.a.)               WM
10 Oct 1944 - 24 Feb 1945  Ahmad Maher Pasha                  (b. 1888 - d. 1945)  SIP
26 Feb 1945 - 17 Feb 1946  Mahmoud an-Nukrashi Pasha          (b. 1888 - d. 1948)  SIP
                             (1st time)
17 Feb 1946 -  9 Dec 1946  Ismail Sedki Pasha (2nd time)      (s.a.)               HS
 9 Dec 1946 - 28 Dec 1948  Mahmoud an-Nukrashi Pasha          (s.a.)               SIP
                             (2nd time)
28 Dec 1948 - 26 Jul 1949  Ibrahim Abdel Hadi Pasha           (b. 1896 - d. 1981)  SIP
26 Jul 1949 - 12 Jan 1950  Hussein Sirri Pasha (2nd time)     (s.a.)               Non-party
12 Jan 1950 - 27 Jan 1952  Mustafa an-Nahhas Pasha (5th time) (s.a.)               WM 
27 Jan 1952 -  2 Mar 1952  Ali Mahir Pasha (3rd time)         (s.a.)               IP
 2 Mar 1952 -  2 Jul 1952  Ahmad Naguib Hilali Pasha          (b. 1891 - d. 1958)
                             (1st time)
 2 Jul 1952 - 22 Jul 1952  Hussein Sirri Pasha (3rd time)     (s.a.)               Non-party
22 Jul 1952 - 23 Jul 1952  Ahmad Naguib Hilali Pasha          (s.a.) 
                             (2nd time)
23 Jul 1952 -  7 Sep 1952  Ali Mahir Pasha (4th time)         (s.a.)               IP
 7 Sep 1952 - 25 Feb 1954  Muhammad Naguib (1st time)         (s.a.)               Mil/LR
25 Feb 1954 -  8 Mar 1954  Gamal Abdel Nasser (1st time)      (s.a.)               Mil/LR
 8 Mar 1954 - 18 Apr 1954  Muhammad Naguib (2nd time)         (s.a.)               Mil/LR
18 Apr 1954 - 29 Sep 1962  Gamal Abdel Nasser (2nd time)      (s.a.)   Mil/LR;1956 NU;1962 ASU
Chairmen of the Executive Council of the Southern (Egyptian) Region
 7 Oct 1958 - 20 Sep 1960  Nureddin Tarraf                    (b. 1910 - d. 1995)  NU
20 Sep 1960 - 16 Aug 1961  Kamaleddin Hussein                 (b. 1921 - d. 1999)  NU
Prime ministers
29 Sep 1962 -  3 Oct 1965  Ali Sabri                          (b. 1920 - d. 1991)  ASU
 3 Oct 1965 - 10 Sep 1966  Zakaria Mohieddin                  (b. 1918 - d. 2012)  ASU
10 Sep 1966 - 19 Jun 1967  Muhammad Sedki Sulayman            (b. 1919 - d. 1996)  ASU
19 Jun 1967 - 28 Sep 1970  Gamal Abdel Nasser (3rd time)      (s.a.)               ASU
21 Oct 1970 - 17 Jan 1972  Mahmoud Fawzi                      (b. 1900 - d. 1981)  ASU
17 Jan 1972 - 26 Mar 1973  Aziz Sedki                         (b. 1920 - d. 2008)  ASU
26 Mar 1973 - 25 Sep 1974  Anwar as-Sadat (1st time)          (s.a.)               ASU
25 Sep 1974 - 16 Apr 1975  Abdel Aziz Muhammad Hejazi         (b. 1923 - d. 2014)  ASU
16 Apr 1975 -  2 Oct 1978  Mamdouh Muhammad Salem             (b. 1918 - d. 1988) ASU;1978 HDW
 2 Oct 1978 - 15 May 1980  Mustafa Khalil                     (b. 1920 - d. 2008)  HDW
15 May 1980 -  6 Oct 1981  Anwar as-Sadat (2nd time)          (s.a.)               HDW
 7 Oct 1981 -  2 Jan 1982  Hosni Mubarak                      (s.a.)               HDW
 2 Jan 1982 -  5 Jun 1984  Ahmad Fuad Mohieddin               (b. 1926 - d. 1984)  HDW
 5 Jun 1984 - 17 Jul 1984  Vacant
17 Jul 1984 -  4 Sep 1985  Kamal Hassan Ali                   (b. 1921 - d. 1993)  HDW
 4 Sep 1985 - 10 Nov 1986  Ali Mahmoud Lutfi                  (b. 1935 - d. 2018)  HDW
10 Nov 1986 -  4 Jan 1996  Atef Muhammad Naguib Sedki         (b. 1930 - d. 2005)  HDW
 4 Jan 1996 -  5 Oct 1999  Kamal Ganzouri (1st time)          (b. 1933)            HDW
 5 Oct 1999 - 14 Jul 2004  Atef Ebeid                         (s.a.)               HDW
14 Jul 2004 - 31 Jan 2011  Ahmed Nazif                        (s.a.)               HDW
31 Jan 2011 -  7 Mar 2011  Ahmed Muhammad Shafiq              (b. 1941)            HDW
 7 Mar 2011 -  7 Dec 2011  Essam Abdel-Aziz Sharaf            (b. 1952)            Non-party
 7 Dec 2011 -  2 Aug 2012  Kamal Ganzouri (2nd time)          (s.a.)               Non-party
 2 Aug 2012 -  8 Jul 2013  Hisham Qandil                      (b. 1962)            Non-party
 8 Jul 2013 - 16 Jul 2013  Vacant
16 Jul 2013 -  1 Mar 2014  Hazem al-Beblawi                   (b. 1936)            Non-party
 1 Mar 2014 - 19 Sep 2015  Ibrahim Mahlab                     (b. 1949)            Non-party
19 Sep 2015 -  7 Jun 2018  Sherif Ismail                      (b. 1955)            Non-party
23 Nov 2017 - 27 Jan 2018  Mostafa Madbouli                   (b. 1966)            Non-party
                             (acting for Ismail)
 7 Jun 2018 -              Mostafa Madbouli                   (s.a.)               Non-party
                             (acting to 14 Jun 2018)

 
British Consul-general
1802 - 1816                Ernest Missett                     (b. c.1765 - d. 1820)
Controllers-general
1878 - 1879                Sir Evelyn Baring                  (b. 1841 - d. 1917)
1879 - 11 Sep 1883         Sir Edward Baldwin Malet           (b. 1837 - d. 1908)
Consuls-general
11 Sep 1883 -  6 May 1907  Sir Evelyn Baring (from 15 Jun     (s.a.)
                             1892, Evelyn Baring, Baron Cromer;
                             from 30 Jan 1899, Evelyn Baring,
                             Viscount Cromer; from 8 Aug 1901,
                             Evelyn Baring, Earl of Cromer) 
16 May 1907 - 12 Jul 1911  Sir John Eldon Gorst               (b. 1861 - d. 1911)
29 Jul 1911 - 19 Dec 1914  Horatio Herbert Kitchener,         (b. 1850 - d. 1916)
                             Viscount Kitchener 
High Commissioners
19 Dec 1914 -  9 Jan 1915  Sir Milne Cheetham (acting)        (b. 1869 - d. 1938)
 9 Jan 1915 -  1 Jan 1917  Sir Arthur Henry McMahon           (b. 1862 - d. 1949)
 1 Jan 1917 -  7 Oct 1919  Sir Francis Reginald Wingate       (b. 1861 - d. 1953)
 7 Oct 1919 - 15 Jun 1925  Edward Henry Hynman Allenby,       (b. 1861 - d. 1936)
                             Viscount Allenby 
20 Oct 1925 -  8 Aug 1929  Sir George Ambrose Lloyd,          (b. 1879 - d. 1941)
                            (from 16 Nov 1925, George Ambrose 
                             Lloyd, Baron Lloyd of Dolobran) 
 8 Aug 1929 - 16 Dec 1933  Sir Percy Lyham Loraine            (b. 1880 - d. 1961)
 8 Jan 1934 - 14 Nov 1936  Sir Miles Wedderburn Lampson       (b. 1880 - d. 1964)
Ministers Resident in the Middle East
(from 28 Jan 1944, Ministers of State in the Middle East)
19 Feb 1942 - 19 Mar 1942  Oliver Lyttelton                   (b. 1893 - d. 1977)
19 Mar 1942 - 28 Jan 1944  Richard Gardiner Casey             (b. 1890 - d. 1976)
28 Jan 1944 - 21 Nov 1944  Walter Edward Guiness, Baron Moyne (b. 1880 - d. 1944)
21 Nov 1944 - 27 Jul 1945  Sir Edward William Macleay Grigg   (b. 1879 - d. 1955)
                             (from 3 Aug 1945, Edward William Macleay 
                             Grigg, Viscount Altrincham of Tormarton)

Ottoman High Commissioners in Egypt (in Cairo)
1885 - 1908                Ghazi Ahmed Mukhtar Pasha          (b. 1839 - d. 1919)
1908 - 1909                Ali Rida Pasha
1909 - 1914                Mehmed Rauf Pasha                  (b. 1838 - d. 1923)

 ï¿½Full style of the ruler:
(a)  8 Jun 1867 - 19 Dec 1914: Khidiwi Misr ("Khedive of Egypt");
(b) 19 Dec 1914 - 16 Mar 1922: Sultan Misr ("Sultan of Egypt");
(c) 16 Mar 1922 - 19 Oct 1951: Malik Misr ("King of Egypt");
(d) 19 Oct 1951 - 18 Jun 1953: Malik Misr wa al-Sudan ("King of Egypt and of The Sudan");
Note: 1899 - 1951 full style in occasional official use with the addition of "Sovereign of Nubia, the Sudan, Kordofan, and Dar Fur."

Territorial Disputes: While Sudan retains claim to the Hala'ib Triangle north of the 1899 Treaty boundary along the 22nd Parallel, both states withdrew their military presence in the 1990s and Egypt de facto administers security and economic development of Halaib region; Egypt no longer shows its administration of the Bir Tawil trapezoid in Sudan on its maps; Gazan breaches in the security wall with Egypt in Jan 2008 highlight difficulties in monitoring the Sinai border; Saudi Arabia claims Egyptian-administered islands of Tiran and Sanafir, administered by Egypt since 1950, based on 1906 Egyptian-Ottoman border delineation.

Party abbreviations: DP = Hizb el-Dostour (Constitution Party, democratic liberal, est.2012);  HHA = Hizb Al-Hurriya wa Al-�Adala (Freedom and Justice Party, nominally independent, has strong links to Muslim Brotherhood of Egypt, islamist, est.2011, banned 23 Sep 2013); Mil = Military;
- Former parties: ASU = al-Ittihad al-Istiraki al-'Arabi (Arab Socialist Union, nasserist arab socialism, pan-arabist, only legal party 1962-1978); FP = Federal Party; HDW = Hizb al-Dimuqratiyah al-Wataniyah (National Democratic Party, centrist, authoritarian, 1978-16 Apr 2011); HS = Hizb ash-Shaab (People's Party, Ismail Sedki personalist, anti-Wafd, 1930-1946); IP = Ittihad Party (Union Party, royalist); LCP = Liberal Constitutionalist Party (liberal, split from WM, 1922-1953); LR = Liberation Rally (government party, secular, revolutionary republican, only legal party Feb 1953-1956, replaced by NU); NU = National Union (Nasserist, U.A.R. national party, 1956-1962, replaced by ASU); SIP = Saadist Institutional Party (split from WM, est.1938); UMMA = al Hizb al Umma or Umma Party (People's Party, Egyptian nationalist, moderate, 1907-1925); WM = al Wafdu al Misri (Egyptian Delegation "Wafd", national-liberal 1919-1953); WP = Watani Party (National Party, conservative, islamist, Egyptian nationalist, 1907-1953)

25 Aug 1882 - 13 Jun 1956

Suez Canal Company Flag

Map of Suez Canal Zone

Headquarters: Ismailia (Ismailiyah) and Cario

Population: 91,090 (Canal governorate)(1917), 30,996 (Suez governorate) (1917)

Presidents of the Council of Administration of the Universal Company
of the Suez Maritime Canal (in Paris)
15 Dec 1855 -  7 Dec 1894  Ferdinand, vicomte de Lesseps      (b. 1805 - d. 1894)
17 Dec 1892 - 17 Jul 1896  Jules Guichard                     (b. 1827 - d. 1896)
                             (acting for de Lesseps to 7 Dec 1894)
17 Jul 1896 -  3 Aug 1896  Rapha�l Auguste Roualle, dit de    (b. 1839 - d. 1901)
                             Rouville (acting)
 3 Aug 1896 - 19 May 1913  Auguste Louis Alb�ric,             (b. 1837 - d. 1924)
                             prince d'Arenberg
19 May 1913 -  4 Apr 1927  Charles C�lestin Auguste Jonnart   (b. 1857 - d. 1927)
 4 Apr 1927 -  1 Mar 1948  Louis, marquis de Vog��            (b. 1868 - d. 1948)
 4 Apr 1948 - 26 Jul 1956  Fran�ois Jules Charles-Roux        (b. 1879 - d. 1961)
Agents Sup�rieur of the Suez Company in Egypt (in Alexandria to 1879, then Cairo)
30 Apr 1855 - 13 Aug 1861  Samuel Willem Ruijssenaers         (b. 1815 - d. 1877)
                            (Ruyssena�rs)(provisional to 17 Dec 1858)
13 Aug 1861 - 21 Jun 1867  Prosper G�rardin
21 Jun 1867 - 1870         Fran�ois Philippe Voisin           (b. 1821 - d. 1918)
                             "Voisin-Bey"
 1 Jan 1870 - 31 May 1876  �mile Daubr�e
 1 Jun 1876 - 31 Dec 1882  Aim� Victor de Lesseps             (b. 1848 � d. 1896)
 1 Jan 1883 - 31 Jul 1893  Rapha�l Auguste Roualle, dit de    (s.a.)
                             Rouville
1894 - 1929                Charles, comte de S�rionne         (b. 1863 - d. 1939)
Jan 1929 - 1948            Louis, baron de Benoist            (b. 1882 - d. 1957)
1948 - 1956                Jean-Philippe, comte de Grailly    (b. 1899 - d. 1989)

British Vice-Consuls at Port Tawfiq (Port Suez)
1922 - 1924                George Evelyn Arthur Cheyne        (b. 1886 - d. 1939)
                             Monck-Mason      
1924 - 1925                Gabriel Cyprael Pierides (acting)  (b. 1852 - d. 1928)
1925 - 1926                Thomas Cecil Rapp                  (b. 1893 - d. 1984)
1926                       Abbas Barry (acting)
Mar 1926 - 1929            Edward Hubert Lascelles Hadwen     (b. 1900 - d. 1947)
                             (acting to 3 Feb 1927)
1929 - 1934                Albert Napier Williamson-Napier    (b. 1894 - d. 1969)
                             (acting to 1930)
1934 - 1936                Harry Maurice Eyres                (b. 1898 - d. 1962)
1936 - 1939                David Jarvis Mill Irving           (b. 1904 - d. 1978) 
20 Jun 1939 - 1941         Robert Giffen Dundas               (b. 1909 - d. 1984)
Consuls for Governorate of the Suez Canal (in Suez)
1941 - 1942                Robert Giffen Dundas               (s.a.)
1942 - 1944                Herbert George Jakins              (b. 1897 - d. 1988)
1944 - 1946                Wolstan Beaumont Charles Weld      (b. 1899 - d. 1961)
                             Forester
1946 - 1947                Frederick Herbert Gamble           (b. 1907 - d. 1983)
1947 - 1948                Randle Martin Mainwaring Brett     (b. 1902 - d. 1972)
                             (acting)
1948 - 1954                Chantry Hamilton Page              (b. 1896 - d. 19..)
1954 - 1955                Francis Justinian Pelly            (b. 1913 - d. 2009)
1955 - 1956                James Andrew Duncan Stewart-
                             Robinson (acting)
1956                       Joseph Todd Mulvenny               (b. 1897 - d. 1959)
British General Officers Commanding-in-chief, Middle East (from 1945, Middle East Land Forces)
12 Apr 1934 - 1939         Sir George Alexander Weir          (b. 1876 - d. 1951)
1938 - 1939                Sir Robert "Copper" Gordon-        (b. 1881 - d. 1956)
                             Finlayson
28 Jul 1939 -  4 Jul 1941  Sir Archibald Wavell               (b. 1883 - d. 1950)
 5 Jul 1941 - 14 Aug 1942  Sir Claude John Eyre Auchinleck    (b. 1884 - d. 1981)
15 Aug 1942 - 19 Feb 1943  Harold Rupert Leofric George       (b. 1891 - d. 1969)
                             Alexander
19 Feb 1943 -  6 Jan 1944  Henry Maitland Wilson              (b. 1881 - d. 1964)
 6 Jan 1944 - Jun 1946     Sir Bernard Charles Tolver Paget   (b. 1887 - d. 1961)
Jun 1946 - Jun 1947        Miles Christopher Dempsey          (b. 1896 - d. 1969)
Jun 1947 - 25 Jul 1950     Sir John Tredinnick Crocker        (b. 1896 - d. 1963)
25 Jul 1950 - Apr 1953     Sir Brian Hubert Robertson         (b. 1896 - d. 1974) 
Apr 1953 - 28 Sep 1953     Sir Cameron Gordon Graham Nicholson(b. 1898 - d. 1979)
28 Sep 1953 - 13 Jun 1956  Sir Charles Frederic Keightley     (b. 1901 - d. 1974)
Commander-in-chief, Middle East Land Forces
 5 Nov 1956 - 22 Dec 1956  Sir Charles Frederic Keightley     (s.a.)
                             (U.K.)